High-efficiency mechanical anti-jamming, descaling and well-dredging tools

Abstract

This utility model discloses a high-efficiency mechanical anti-jamming and descaling well cleaning tool, relating to the field of well cleaning tool technology. It includes: a mandrel with a spiral groove on its outer circumference; a scraper sleeve fixedly mounted on the outer circumference of the mandrel; a scraper blade fixedly mounted on the outer circumference of the scraper sleeve; multiple evenly distributed anti-rotation pins fixedly mounted on the outer circumference of the scraper sleeve; and an inner spiral protrusion fixedly mounted on the inner wall of the scraper sleeve. The spiral scraper blade is made of high-strength nickel-based alloy material. Combined with the spiral drive structure of the scraper sleeve and mandrel, it can generate continuous and uniform cutting force on the inner wall of the wellbore, efficiently removing hard scale layers (such as calcium carbonate and barium sulfate scale) and attached oil stains. Simultaneously, the spiral design guides debris towards the bottom of the wellbore, avoiding accumulation and secondary jamming, reducing the number of reciprocating operations, and shortening the operation cycle.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This utility model relates to the field of well cleaning tools, and more specifically, to a high-efficiency mechanical anti-sticking and descaling well cleaning tool. Background Technology

[0002] In oil and gas field development and water well maintenance, well cleaning operations are a crucial step in ensuring unobstructed wellbore flow and improving production efficiency. During long-term use, wellbore walls are susceptible to corrosion from formation fluids, scaling, sand deposition, and wear of the tubing. This can lead to the formation of hard scale layers (such as calcium carbonate and barium sulfate scale), oil deposits, or deformation. Additionally, issues such as casing diameter reduction and wellbore irregularities may occur.

[0003] Existing tools have a simple structural design and lack effective anti-jamming and guiding mechanisms. When encountering wellbore bends, narrowing, or hard scale blockages, tools are prone to jamming, which not only affects the progress of operations but may also cause damage to the tubing string, secondary damage to the wellbore, and increase well workover costs.

[0004] To address the above issues, a highly efficient mechanical anti-sticking, descaling, and well-clearing tool is proposed. Utility Model Content

[0005] To solve the above technical problems, we provide efficient mechanical anti-sticking, descaling and well-clearing tools.

[0006] To achieve the above objectives, the present invention can be implemented using the following technical solutions:

[0007] This utility model provides a high-efficiency mechanical anti-jamming, descaling and well-dredging tool, comprising: a mandrel, the mandrel having a spiral groove on its outer circumference, a scraper sleeve fixedly installed on the outer circumference of the mandrel, a scraper fixedly installed on the outer circumference of the scraper sleeve, a plurality of evenly distributed anti-rotation pins fixedly installed on the outer circumference of the scraper sleeve, and an inner spiral protrusion fixedly installed on the inner wall of the scraper sleeve.

[0008] Preferably, a guide sleeve is fixedly installed on the outer periphery of the bottom side of the mandrel. The guide sleeve has multiple evenly distributed cavities inside. Miniature pneumatic cylinders are symmetrically installed on the inner wall of the cavities. The ends of two miniature pneumatic cylinders away from the cavity wall are fixedly connected to the same fixing plate. An extension rod is fixedly connected to the middle of the fixing plate. The extension rod slides out of the side wall of the guide sleeve. A universal guide wheel is fixedly installed on the end of the extension rod away from the guide sleeve.

[0009] Preferably, the mandrel is fixedly mounted with an upper connector, and the bottom of the mandrel is fixedly mounted with a lower guide shoe.

[0010] Preferably, a limiting ring is fixedly installed on the top outer periphery of the mandrel.

[0011] Preferably, the scraper is spiral-shaped and made of high-strength alloy material.

[0012] The features and advantages of the high-efficiency mechanical anti-jamming, descaling, and well-dredging tool of this utility model are as follows:

[0013] The spiral scraper is made of high-strength nickel-based alloy material. Combined with the spiral drive structure of the scraper sleeve and mandrel, it can form a continuous and uniform cutting force on the inner wall of the well barrel, which can efficiently remove hard scale (such as calcium carbonate and barium sulfate scale) and attached oil stains. At the same time, the spiral design guides the debris to move towards the bottom of the well barrel, avoiding accumulation and secondary jamming, reducing the number of reciprocating operations and shortening the operation cycle.

[0014] The universal guide wheel of the guide sleeve, in conjunction with a miniature pneumatic cylinder, can avoid rigid collisions by contracting and buffering when entering the well. After breaking free from obstacles, it automatically resets and continues to conform to the well wall, guiding the tool to move along the optimal trajectory. This adapts to complex wellbore trajectories, reduces wear and jamming, and ensures the continuity and stability of operations. Attached Figure Description

[0015] Figure 1 This is a three-dimensional schematic diagram of the overall structure of this utility model;

[0016] Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of the scraping sleeve shown in this utility model;

[0017] Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of the scraper shown in this utility model;

[0018] Figure 4 As shown in this utility model Figure 3 Enlarged diagram of point A in the middle.

[0019] The reference numerals in the accompanying drawings of this utility model are as follows: 1. mandrel; 2. scraper sleeve; 3. anti-rotation pin; 4. upper connector; 5. limiting ring; 6. spiral groove; 7. scraper; 8. guide sleeve; 9. universal guide wheel; 10. lower guide shoe; 11. miniature pneumatic cylinder; 12. extension rod; 13. fixing plate. Detailed Implementation

[0020] The technical solutions of the present utility model will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings of the embodiments of the present utility model. Obviously, the described embodiments are only some embodiments of the present utility model, and not all embodiments. All other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art based on the embodiments of the present utility model without creative effort are within the protection scope of the present utility model.

[0021] See Figures 1-4The following is a detailed description of an embodiment of the present invention, illustrating the high-efficiency mechanical anti-sticking, descaling, and well-dredging tool:

[0022] High-efficiency mechanical anti-sticking, descaling, and well-dredging tools, such as Figures 1-4 As shown, the tool includes: a mandrel 1 with a spiral groove 6 on its outer circumference; a scraper sleeve 2 fixedly mounted on the outer circumference of the mandrel 1; a scraper 7 fixedly mounted on the outer circumference of the scraper sleeve 2; multiple evenly distributed anti-rotation pins 3 fixedly mounted on the outer circumference of the scraper sleeve 2; and an inner spiral protrusion fixedly mounted on the inner wall of the scraper sleeve 2. The tool is connected to an external power source through an upper connector 4 at the top of the mandrel 1. The external power source drives the entire tool to move or rotate along the shaft axis. The mandrel 1, as the core support component, has a spiral groove 6 on its outer circumference that engages with the inner spiral protrusion on the inner wall of the scraper sleeve 2. Under the action of the anti-rotation pins 3, when the mandrel 1 rotates, it drives the scraper sleeve 2 to rotate synchronously, thereby driving... The scraper 7 removes dirt from the well wall. During normal operation, the anti-rotation pin 3 locks the scraper sleeve 2 and the mandrel 1 together, and the tool rotates and descends as a whole. When the tool gets stuck, the upward pulling force or rotational torque increases to the set value, and the anti-rotation pin 3 is sheared. At this time, if the tool is lifted, the mandrel 1 is pulled upward. Due to the action of the screw transmission mechanism, the upward linear motion of the mandrel 1 is forced to be converted into the reverse rotational motion of the scraper sleeve 2 (that is, the opposite of the rotation direction when it is lowered into the well). This sudden and strong reverse rotation action is similar to the reverse withdrawal of "tightening a screw", which can effectively help the tool break free from the stuck point, realize the release, and avoid the occurrence of serious stuck drill accidents.

[0023] Furthermore, a guide sleeve 8 is fixedly installed on the outer periphery of the bottom side of the mandrel 1. The guide sleeve 8 has multiple evenly distributed cavities inside. Miniature pneumatic cylinders 11 are symmetrically installed on the inner wall of the cavities. The ends of two miniature pneumatic cylinders 11 away from the cavity wall are fixedly connected to the same fixed plate 13. An extension rod 12 is fixedly connected to the middle of the fixed plate 13. The extension rod 12 slides out of the side wall of the guide sleeve 8. A universal guide wheel 9 is fixedly installed on the end of the extension rod 12 away from the guide sleeve 8. When the tool enters the well, the universal guide wheel 9 contacts and is compressed against the inner wall of the well. The extension rod 12 and the fixed plate 13 push the piston to compress the medium, thereby achieving buffering and avoiding jamming caused by rigid collision. After breaking free from the obstacle, the pressure is released, and the medium pushes the piston back to reset the universal guide wheel 9, allowing the universal guide wheel 9 to return to its initial state and continue to conform to the well wall to guide the tool along the optimal trajectory.

[0024] Furthermore, such as Figures 1-4As shown, an upper connector 4 is fixedly installed on the top of the mandrel 1, a lower guide shoe 10 is fixedly installed on the bottom of the mandrel 1, a limit ring 5 is fixedly installed on the outer periphery of the top of the mandrel 1, the scraper 7 is spiral-shaped and made of high-strength alloy material, the spiral scraper 7 on the outer periphery of the scraper sleeve 2 is made of high-strength nickel-based alloy material, when the scraper sleeve 2 rotates, the spiral structure can form a continuous and uniform cutting force on the inner wall of the well barrel, peeling off hard scale layers such as calcium carbonate, barium sulfate scale and attached oil stains layer by layer, the spiral design at the same time guides the scraped debris to move towards the bottom of the well barrel along the spiral direction, avoiding debris accumulation and secondary jamming.

[0025] Specifically, the tool is connected to an external power string via the upper connector 4 at the top of the mandrel 1. The power string provides axial movement for lowering, raising, and rotating. The mandrel 1 serves as the core support component, and its outer spiral groove 6 forms a spiral transmission structure with the inner spiral protrusion on the inner wall of the scraper sleeve 2. Under the locking action of the anti-rotation pin 3, the rotational movement of the mandrel 1 can be stably transmitted to the scraper sleeve 2, driving the scraper 7 to rotate synchronously, ensuring efficient output of descaling power. The limiting ring 5 at the top of the mandrel 1 restricts the axial displacement of the scraper sleeve 2, ensuring transmission stability. The spiral scraper 7 on the outer periphery of the scraper sleeve 2 is made of high-strength nickel-based alloy material. When the scraper sleeve 2 rotates, the spiral structure forms a continuous and uniform cutting force on the inner wall of the wellbore, which can peel off hard scale layers such as calcium carbonate and barium sulfate scale layer by layer. The scraping sleeve 2 removes attached oil and debris. Simultaneously, the spiral design guides the scraped debris along the spiral direction towards the bottom of the wellbore. Combined with the bottom guide shoe 10, this prevents debris accumulation and secondary blockage, improving descaling efficiency. The anti-rotation pins 3, evenly distributed around the outer circumference of the scraping sleeve 2, embed into tiny gaps in the wellbore wall during normal operation, restricting the circumferential sliding of the scraping sleeve 2 relative to the wellbore. This prevents tool rotational deviation due to hard scale or irregular wellbore, reducing the risk of stuck drill bit. When the tool gets stuck, causing the lifting force or rotational torque to exceed a set value, the anti-rotation pins 3 are sheared off. If the tool is then lifted, the upward linear movement of the spindle 1, through the engagement of the spiral groove 6 and the spiral protrusion inside the scraping sleeve 2, is converted into a reverse rotation of the scraping sleeve 2, opposite to the rotation direction during downhole operation, forming a "reverse unscrewing" effect. The movement of the mandrel 1 can forcefully break free from the jamming point and avoid serious stuck drill accidents. The guide sleeve 8 at the bottom of the mandrel 1 forms an adaptive guiding mechanism with the built-in micro pneumatic cylinder 11 and the universal guide wheel 9. When the tool enters the well, the universal guide wheel 9 contacts and is compressed against the inner wall of the well. The extension rod 12 and the fixing plate 13 push the piston to compress the medium, thereby achieving buffering and avoiding jamming caused by rigid collision. After breaking free from the obstacle, the pressure is released, and the medium pushes the piston back to drive the universal guide wheel 9 to reset, so that the universal guide wheel 9 returns to its initial state and continues to conform to the well wall to guide the tool to move along the optimal trajectory, thereby improving the safety of operations in complex well sections.

[0026] The above description is merely an embodiment of this utility model and is not intended to limit this utility model. Any modifications, equivalent substitutions, improvements, etc., made within the spirit and principles of this utility model should be included within the protection scope of this utility model.

Claims

1. A high efficiency mechanical anti-stuck cleanout through tool, characterized in that, include: The mandrel (1) has a spiral groove (6) on its outer periphery. A scraper sleeve (2) is fixedly installed on the outer periphery of the mandrel (1). A scraper (7) is fixedly installed on the outer periphery of the scraper sleeve (2). Multiple evenly distributed anti-rotation pins (3) are fixedly installed on the outer periphery of the scraper sleeve (2). An inner spiral protrusion is fixedly installed on the inner wall of the scraper sleeve (2).

2. The high efficiency mechanical unstick and cleanout tool, according to claim 1, wherein, A guide sleeve (8) is fixedly installed on the outer periphery of the bottom side of the mandrel (1). The guide sleeve (8) has multiple evenly distributed cavities inside. Miniature pneumatic cylinders (11) are symmetrically installed on the inner wall of the cavity. The ends of the two miniature pneumatic cylinders (11) away from the cavity wall are fixedly connected to the same fixing plate (13). An extension rod (12) is fixedly connected to the middle of the fixing plate (13). The extension rod (12) slides out of the side wall of the guide sleeve (8). A universal guide wheel (9) is fixedly installed on the end of the extension rod (12) away from the guide sleeve (8).

3. The high efficiency mechanical unstick and cleanout tool, as claimed in claim 1, wherein, The top of the mandrel (1) is fixedly installed with an upper connector (4), and the bottom of the mandrel (1) is fixedly installed with a lower guide shoe (10).

4. The high efficiency mechanical unstick and cleanout tool, as claimed in claim 1, wherein, A limiting ring (5) is fixedly installed on the top outer periphery of the mandrel (1).

5. The high efficiency mechanical unstick and cleanout tool, as claimed in claim 1, wherein, The scraper (7) is spiral-shaped and made of high-strength alloy material.

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