A power supply system and a vehicle
By externalizing the power converter into the controller, the controller design is simplified, the problem that traditional 12V low-voltage electrical systems cannot meet the needs of intelligent electric vehicles is solved, and the flexible adaptability and efficient maintenance of the 48V power supply system are realized.
Patent Information
- Authority / Receiving Office
- CN · China
- Patent Type
- Utility models(China)
- Current Assignee / Owner
- BEIJING CO WHEELS TECH CO LTD
- Filing Date
- 2025-03-31
- Publication Date
- 2026-07-10
AI Technical Summary
Traditional 12V low-voltage electrical systems are difficult to meet the multi-functional needs of intelligent electric vehicles. The introduction of 48V power supply systems has led to a complex low-voltage power supply system architecture for the whole vehicle. Existing technologies require significant hardware modifications to the ZCU, which increases system complexity.
The first power converter is placed externally in the controller. The input voltage is converted into the output voltage through the external first power converter, which simplifies the controller design. The high voltage is converted into the first voltage through the second power converter, which reduces the hardware modification of the controller and electromagnetic interference.
The controller design has been simplified, its size and weight have been reduced, maintenance efficiency and reliability have been improved, electromagnetic interference has been reduced, it can adapt to the needs of different vehicle models, and production costs and wiring harness losses have been reduced.
Smart Images
Figure CN224481472U_ABST
Abstract
Description
Technical Field
[0001] This application relates to the field of vehicle technology, and more particularly to a power supply system and a vehicle. Background Technology
[0002] Traditional vehicles use a 12V low-voltage electrical system, powered by a 12V low-voltage battery. This 12V system can provide a stable current of up to 200A-300A. However, with the rapid development and evolution of intelligent electric vehicles, the vehicle's function has gradually shifted from a means of transportation to a multifunctional mobile space, leading to a significant increase in the number and power of electrical appliances in the vehicle. Therefore, under current trends, the power supply capacity of the traditional 12V low-voltage electrical system is nearing its limit, and 48V low-voltage electrical systems are beginning to emerge.
[0003] Currently, the mainstream products of low-voltage electrical systems in vehicles are based on 12V systems. To adapt to 48V power supply, high R&D costs and long development cycles are required. In addition, some electrical appliances have low power (such as in-vehicle indicator lights) and do not require 48V power supply. Therefore, there is currently a situation where 12V power supply and 48V power supply coexist in vehicles.
[0004] To achieve coexistence of 12V and 48V power supplies, existing technologies typically add a DC / DC converter circuit to the existing 12V low-voltage electrical system architecture to convert high-voltage electricity to 48V low-voltage DC electricity. Additionally, a DC / DC converter for converting 12V to 48V and a DC / DC converter for converting 48V to 12V are integrated into the vehicle's Zone Control Unit (ZCU). This requires significant hardware modifications to the ZCU, resulting in a complex low-voltage power supply system architecture for the entire vehicle. Utility Model Content
[0005] In view of the above problems, this application provides a power supply system and vehicle that can reduce hardware modifications to the ZCU and reduce the architectural complexity of the vehicle's low-voltage power supply system.
[0006] In a first aspect, this application provides a power supply system, comprising: at least one first power supply branch; each of the at least one first power supply branch includes a controller and at least one first power converter externally mounted on the controller; the input terminal of the controller is the input terminal of the first power supply branch, and the output terminal of the controller is connected to the input terminal of at least one first power converter; a first voltage is input to the input terminal of the first power supply branch; and at least one first power converter is used to convert the first voltage into a second voltage and output it.
[0007] The solution provided in this application includes a power supply system comprising at least one first power supply branch. The first power converter in this branch is externally located within the controller. This first power converter converts a first voltage to a second voltage before outputting it, thus supplying power to loads with an input voltage of the second voltage. Because the first power converter is externally located within the controller, hardware modifications required for internal power converter integration are reduced, simplifying controller design and reducing its size and weight. Furthermore, the controller does not require thermal design for the first power converter, avoiding potential overheating risks. Since the voltage conversion function of the first power converter is separated from the controller's control function, if the first power converter fails, it can be repaired or replaced independently without replacing the entire controller, improving maintenance efficiency. In addition, the number and parameters of the first power supply branch and the first power converter can be flexibly adjusted to accommodate varying load ratios with different input voltages without requiring modifications to the controller, adapting to different vehicle models and configurations, thus offering high flexibility.
[0008] Furthermore, since the first power converter is external, electromagnetic compatibility (EMC) design can be carried out in a targeted manner. Also, since the first power converter is not integrated inside the ZCU, electromagnetic interference from the first power converter to the sensitive control circuits and signals inside the controller can be reduced. After the controller design is simplified, potential failure points are reduced and reliability is improved.
[0009] In one possible implementation, the power supply system further includes a second power converter for converting the high voltage into the first voltage and outputting it to the input of at least one first power supply branch. The high voltage can be provided by the DC bus of the electric vehicle, which can be connected to the electric vehicle's battery pack.
[0010] In one possible implementation, the first voltage is 48V and the second voltage is 12V.
[0011] In one possible implementation, the power supply system further includes a power source connected to the input terminal of the first power supply branch. This power source can be an energy storage battery connected to the output terminal of the second power converter. The energy storage battery can be a lead-acid battery or a lithium battery. In another possible implementation, the power supply system further includes at least one heat dissipation device, each of which is used to dissipate heat from at least one of the first power converters. The heat dissipation device can be a metal heat sink or a thermally conductive plate. In this implementation, the first power converter can be independently designed for heat dissipation, and the controller does not need to perform thermal management for the first power converter, thus avoiding the risk of controller overheating.
[0012] In one possible implementation, the power supply system further includes at least one metal shielding structure, which includes a shielding cavity for housing at least one of the first power converters. The shielding cavity ensures the electromagnetic compatibility (EMC) performance of the power supply system, and because the first power converter is externally located, electromagnetic interference from the first power converter to sensitive control circuits and signals within the controller can be reduced.
[0013] In one possible implementation, the power supply system further includes at least one monitoring module. Each monitoring module is used to monitor at least one of the first power converters for faults. The monitoring modules can independently monitor external first power converters; if a first power converter fails, it can be independently repaired or replaced without replacing the entire controller, thus improving maintenance efficiency.
[0014] In one possible implementation, the power supply system includes multiple first power supply branches; among the controllers of the multiple power supply branches, at least one controller has its output terminal connected to at least one first type of load; or, none of the output terminals of the controllers are connected to the first type of load; wherein, the input voltage of the first type of load is the first voltage.
[0015] In this implementation, the connection method of the first power supply branch can be flexibly adjusted according to the specific number of loads.
[0016] In one possible implementation, the power supply system includes at least one second power supply branch, and each of the at least one second power supply branch includes the controller. The output of the controller is connected to at least one first-type load, the input voltage of which is the first voltage. In this implementation, the output of the controller of the second power supply branch is not connected to the first power converter, but only supplies power to the first-type load with the first voltage input.
[0017] In one possible implementation, the output of the first power converter is connected to a second type of load, and the length of the wiring harness connecting the input of the first power converter to the output of the controller is greater than the length of the wiring harness connecting the output of the first power converter to the second type of load.
[0018] In this implementation, by placing the first power converter on the side closer to the second type of load, not only is the first power converter externalized, but the length and cross-sectional area of the wiring harness are also reduced, thereby lowering the manufacturing and installation costs of the wiring harness. At the same time, the loss of electrical energy during transmission is reduced, and the system efficiency is improved.
[0019] Secondly, this application also provides a vehicle that includes the power supply system provided by the first aspect and any implementation thereof, and further includes a power battery pack; the power battery pack is used to supply power to the power supply system.
[0020] In one possible implementation, the battery pack is used to connect to the input of the second power converter. Attached Figure Description
[0021] To more clearly illustrate the technical solutions in the embodiments of this application or the prior art, the drawings used in the description of the embodiments or the prior art will be briefly introduced below. Obviously, the drawings described below are some embodiments of this application. For those skilled in the art, other drawings can be obtained based on these drawings without creative effort.
[0022] Figure 1 A schematic diagram of the power supply system provided in the embodiments of this application. Figure 1 ;
[0023] Figure 2 A schematic diagram of the power supply system provided in the embodiments of this application. Figure 2 ;
[0024] Figure 3 A schematic diagram of the power supply system provided in the embodiments of this application. Figure 3 ;
[0025] Figure 4 A schematic diagram of the power supply system provided in the embodiments of this application. Figure 4 ;
[0026] Figure 5 A schematic diagram of the power supply system provided in the embodiments of this application. Figure 5 ;
[0027] Figure 6 A schematic diagram of the power supply system provided in the embodiments of this application. Figure 6 ;
[0028] Figure 7 A schematic diagram of the power supply system provided in the embodiments of this application. Figure 7 ;
[0029] Figure 8 A schematic diagram of the power supply system provided in the embodiments of this application. Figure 8 ;
[0030] Figure 9 A schematic diagram of the power supply system provided in the embodiments of this application. Figure 9 ;
[0031] Figure 10 A schematic diagram of the power supply system provided in the embodiments of this application. Figure 10;
[0032] Figure 11 This is a schematic diagram of a vehicle provided in an embodiment of this application. Detailed Implementation
[0033] To achieve coexistence of 12V and 48V power supplies, the current solution requires integrating an additional DC / DC converter into the ZCU, which involves significant hardware modifications to the ZCU and leads to a complex low-voltage power supply system architecture for the entire vehicle.
[0034] To address the above technical problems, this application provides a power supply system and a vehicle, which will be described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings.
[0035] To enable those skilled in the art to better understand the present application, the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present application will be described below with reference to the accompanying drawings.
[0036] The terms "first" and "second" used in this application description are for descriptive purposes only and should not be construed as indicating or implying relative importance or implicitly specifying the number of technical features indicated.
[0037] In this application, unless otherwise expressly specified and limited, the term "connection" shall be interpreted broadly. For example, "connection" may be a fixed connection, a detachable connection, or an integral part; it may be a direct connection or an indirect connection through an intermediate medium.
[0038] See Figure 1 This figure is a schematic diagram of the power supply system provided in an embodiment of this application. Figure 1 .
[0039] The power supply system includes at least one primary power supply branch 16.
[0040] Each first power supply branch 16 includes a controller 102 and at least one first power converter 103 external to the controller 102. Figure 1 The example given is that each of the first power supply branches 16 includes a first power converter 103, but this does not constitute a limitation on the technical solution of this application.
[0041] The input terminal of the controller 103 is the input terminal of the first power supply branch 16, and the output terminal of the controller 103 is connected to the input terminal of at least one first power converter 103. The input terminal of the first power supply branch 16 is input with a first voltage.
[0042] The first power converter 103 is used to convert the first voltage into a second voltage and then output it. In practical applications, the output terminal of the first power converter 103 can be connected to a load device to supply power to the load device.
[0043] In one possible implementation, the first power converter 103 can be a DC / DC converter to perform buck conversion. It is understood that the function of the first power converter 103 can change depending on the application scenario; for example, the first power converter 103 can also be a DC / AC converter; or, for another example, the first power converter 103 can be a DC / DC converter, but used to perform boost conversion.
[0044] In summary, the solution provided by the embodiments of this application externalizes the first power converter 103 to the controller 102, and uses the first power converter to supply power to the load with a DC input voltage of the second voltage. This solution has at least the following technical effects:
[0045] The first power converter is external, which greatly simplifies the design of the controller, reduces the need for modifications to the controller, reduces the size and weight of the controller, and lowers the complexity of design and manufacturing. Since the design and manufacturing process of the controller is simplified, the development cycle can also be shortened and the production cost reduced.
[0046] The first power converter can be independently cooled outside the controller, so the controller does not need to make additional thermal designs for the first power converter, which also reduces the risk of overheating of the controller.
[0047] If the first power converter fails, it can be repaired or replaced independently without replacing the entire controller, which improves maintenance efficiency and reduces maintenance difficulty.
[0048] The number and parameters of the first power converter can be flexibly adjusted to adapt to changes in the number of loads without modifying the controller. It adapts to different vehicle models and configuration requirements, is highly flexible, and improves the maintainability and upgradeability of the vehicle.
[0049] The first power converter is external, which allows for targeted electromagnetic compatibility (EMC) design. Furthermore, since the first power converter is not integrated into the controller, it can reduce electromagnetic interference from the first power converter to the sensitive control circuits and signals inside the controller.
[0050] By simplifying the controller design, potential points of failure are reduced, and reliability is improved.
[0051] The following section describes other implementation methods of the power supply system. See also... Figure 2 This figure is a schematic diagram of the power supply system provided in an embodiment of this application. Figure 2 .
[0052] Figure 2 The power supply system shown is Figure 1 The difference is that it also includes: a second power converter 101.
[0053] The second power converter 101 is used to convert the high voltage into a first voltage and output it to the input terminal of at least one first power supply branch 16, that is, the output terminal of the second power converter 101 is connected to the input terminal of at least one first power supply branch 16.
[0054] The input terminal of the second power converter 101 can be supplied with a high voltage. In one possible implementation, the input terminal of the second power converter 101 can be connected to the power battery pack of the electric vehicle (not shown in the figure) to obtain high voltage direct current.
[0055] In one possible implementation, the second power converter 101 can be a DC / DC converter used to implement buck conversion.
[0056] See Figure 3 This figure is a schematic diagram of the power supply system provided in an embodiment of this application. Figure 3 .
[0057] Figure 3 The power supply system shown is Figure 1 The difference is that it also includes: power supply 13.
[0058] Power supply 13 is connected to the input terminal of the first power supply branch 16.
[0059] Power supply 13 can supply power to the first power supply branch 16. For example, power supply 13 outputs a first voltage DC current to the input terminal 16 of the first power supply branch.
[0060] In one possible implementation, the power source 13 can be an energy storage battery, which can be a vehicle battery, such as a lead-acid battery or a lithium battery.
[0061] In one possible implementation, when the power supply 13 is a battery, the output voltage of the battery can be 48V, that is, the input terminal of the first power supply branch 16 is connected to 48V, and the input voltage of the first power converter 103 is 48V.
[0062] Furthermore, you can also see Figure 4 This figure is a schematic diagram of the power supply system provided in an embodiment of this application. Figure 4 .
[0063] Figure 4 The implementation method shown is the same as Figure 1 The difference is that it includes both a power supply 13 and a second power converter 101.
[0064] For detailed information on the second power converter 101, please refer to [link / reference]. Figure 2 For the corresponding instructions, please refer to the detailed instructions for power supply 13. Figure 3 The corresponding explanations will not be repeated here.
[0065] See Figure 5 This figure is a schematic diagram of the power supply system provided in an embodiment of this application. Figure 5 .
[0066] Figure 5 The implementation method shown is the same as Figure 1 The difference is that it also includes at least one heat dissipation device 18.
[0067] Each heat sink 18 can dissipate heat for at least one first power converter 103. Figure 5 The following description uses the example of each heat dissipation device 18 dissipating heat for one first power converter 103, but this does not constitute a limitation on the technical solution of this application. For example, when the physical locations of the two first power supply branches 16 are close, the distance between the two first power converters 103 is also close. In this case, one heat dissipation device 18 can dissipate heat for both first power converters 103 at the same time.
[0068] In one possible implementation, the heat dissipation device 18 can be a metal heat sink or a heat-conducting plate, which can heat the first power converter 103 through contact heat dissipation. The metal heat sink can be a metal with good thermal conductivity, light weight, and easy processing, such as aluminum, copper, or alloys including aluminum or copper, etc., and this application embodiment does not specifically limit the type. The heat-conducting plate can also be called a heat spreader, comprising a closed plate-shaped cavity containing a cooling medium. The cooling medium evaporates upon heating, releases heat and condenses, and circulates within the plate-shaped cavity to achieve rapid temperature equalization, rapid heat conduction, and heat diffusion.
[0069] Understandably, it is also possible to... Figures 2-4 Based on this, heat dissipation device 18 is added, which will not be described in detail here.
[0070] In this implementation, the first power converter 103 can be independently cooled, which improves the heat dissipation effect. As for the controller 102, since the first power converter 103 does not need to be integrated into the controller, there is no need to set up a heat dissipation device 18 for the first power converter 103, which avoids overheating of the controller and improves the reliability of the controller.
[0071] See Figure 6 This figure is a schematic diagram of the power supply system provided in an embodiment of this application. Figure 6 .
[0072] Figure 6 The implementation method shown is the same as Figure 1 The difference is that it also includes: at least one metal shielding structure 19.
[0073] The metal shielding structure 19 includes a shielding cavity for accommodating at least one first power converter 103. Figure 6 The illustration uses the example of each metal shielding structure 19 accommodating one first power converter 103, but this does not constitute a limitation on the technical solution of this application. For example, when the physical locations of the two first power supply branches 16 are close, the distance between the two first power converters 103 is also close, and in this case, one metal shielding structure 19 can accommodate two first power converters 103 at the same time.
[0074] The metal shielding cavity 19 is usually made of conductive metal material, such as iron or copper.
[0075] In one possible implementation, the first power converter 103 may not be contained by the metal shielding structure 19. For example, when the first power converter 103 is far from the controller 102, the electromagnetic interference of the first power converter 103 to the sensitive control circuits and signals inside the controller 102 is small or negligible. In this case, electromagnetic shielding of the first power converter 103 may not be performed to reduce costs and save space.
[0076] Understandably, it is also possible to... Figure 2 , Figure 3 , Figure 4 and Figure 5 The addition of a metal shielding structure on top of the existing structure will not be elaborated here.
[0077] This implementation utilizes a shielded cavity to house the first power converter 103, ensuring the electromagnetic compatibility (EMC) performance of the power supply system and further reducing electromagnetic interference from the first power converter 103 to the sensitive control circuits and signals inside the controller 102.
[0078] See Figure 7 This figure is a schematic diagram of the power supply system provided in an embodiment of this application. Figure 7 .
[0079] The power supply system provided in this application embodiment is... Figure 1 The difference is that it also includes at least one monitoring module 20.
[0080] Each monitoring module 20 is used to monitor whether at least one first power converter 103 is faulty. The monitoring module 20 can be connected to one or more corresponding first power converters 103, and the faults that the monitoring module 20 can monitor may include, but are not limited to, short circuit faults, open circuit faults, impedance abnormalities, etc.
[0081] Figure 7The example given is that each of the first power converters 103 is monitored by the same monitoring module 20, but this does not constitute a limitation on the technical solution of this application. In actual applications, two or more monitoring modules 20 can be set.
[0082] Figure 7 The detection module 20 is set up independently as an example, but it does not constitute a limitation on the technical solution of this application. The detection module 20 can also be integrated into the controller 102 or into other circuits. This application embodiment does not make specific limitations.
[0083] Understandably, it is also possible to... Figures 2 to 6 Based on this, a monitoring module 20 is added, which will not be described in detail here.
[0084] In this implementation, since the first power converter 103 is externally located in the controller 102, when it is determined that the first power converter 103 has failed, the faulty first power converter 103 can be repaired or replaced independently without replacing the entire controller 102, which improves maintenance efficiency and reduces maintenance costs.
[0085] The following explanation will be based on specific application scenarios of the power supply system.
[0086] See Figure 8 This figure is a schematic diagram of the power supply system provided in an embodiment of this application. Figure 8 .
[0087] The power supply system provided in this application includes at least one power supply branch 16, and also includes a second power converter 101 and a power supply 13.
[0088] Power source 13 can be a storage battery, such as a lead-acid battery or a lithium battery.
[0089] The specific number of the first power supply branch 16 is not limited in the embodiments of this application. Figure 3 The following explanation uses the example of the first power supply branch 16 having two circuits. The first power supply branch 16 may also have only one circuit or more than two circuits, but the specific principle is similar, and will not be elaborated on here.
[0090] The second power converter 101 is used to convert high voltage into a first voltage and output it to the input terminal of power supply 13 and / or at least one power supply branch 16.
[0091] In one possible implementation, the second power converter 101 can be connected to the power battery pack 10 of the electric vehicle. This application does not specifically limit the voltage of the power battery pack 10, for example, it can be 400V or 800V.
[0092] In one possible implementation, the output of the second power converter 101 can also be connected to a load (not shown in the figure). In this case, the second power converter 101 can provide a first voltage to the load, that is, the input voltage of the load is the first voltage. The first voltage is, for example, 48V.
[0093] At least one of the first power supply branches 16 includes a controller and a first power converter 103 externally mounted on the controller. In this embodiment, the controller is specifically a Zone Control Unit (ZCU). It is understood that the controller can also be other controllers, such as an Electronic Control Unit (ECU), a Domain Control Unit (DCU), etc.
[0094] The input terminal of the controller 102 is the input terminal of the first power supply branch 16, that is, the input terminal of the controller 102 is connected to the output terminal of the second power converter 101, and the output terminal of the controller 102 is connected to the input terminal of the first power converter 103.
[0095] In one possible implementation, the output of controller 102 is also connected to at least one load 15B. Load 15B is a first-type load, and the input voltage of the first-type load in this embodiment is a first voltage.
[0096] In this embodiment, the first power converter 103 is not integrated inside the controller 102, but is externally located within the controller 102. The input voltage of the first power converter 103 is a first voltage, and the output voltage is a second voltage. That is, the first power converter 103 is used to convert the second voltage into the first voltage and then output it to at least one load 15A. The load 15A is a second type of load, and the input voltage of the second type of load in this embodiment is the second voltage. This embodiment does not specifically limit the number of second type loads connected to each first power converter 103.
[0097] For each Class I and Class II load, its input terminal can be equipped with a corresponding protection switch, namely protection switches 14A and 14B in the figure. The protection switch can be a controllable switch tube or a relay, and this application embodiment does not make specific limitations.
[0098] The controller 102 may include multiple output ports, one of which (a group of output ports) is used to connect to the input terminal of the first power converter 103, while the other output ports can supply power to a load with an input voltage of the first voltage. This embodiment does not specifically limit the number of loads powered by each controller 102.
[0099] In one possible implementation, the first voltage in this embodiment is 48V and the second voltage is 12V.
[0100] In summary, using the solution provided in this application, the high voltage is converted into a first voltage by the second power converter and then output to the power supply and each controller. Furthermore, the controllers also supply power externally in the form of the first voltage. The first power converter, used to convert the first voltage to the second voltage, is externally located within the controller. This solution possesses at least the following technical advantages:
[0101] The first power converter is external, which greatly simplifies the design of the controller, reduces the need for modifications to the controller, reduces the size and weight of the controller, and lowers the complexity of design and manufacturing. Since the design and manufacturing process of the controller is simplified, the development cycle can also be shortened and the production cost reduced.
[0102] The first power converter can be independently cooled outside the controller. The controller does not need to make additional thermal designs for the first power converter. That is, the controller does not need to set up heat dissipation devices for the first power converter, which also reduces the risk of overheating of the controller.
[0103] If the first power converter fails, it can be repaired or replaced independently without replacing the entire controller, which improves maintenance efficiency and reduces maintenance difficulty.
[0104] When the ratio of load with input voltage of the first voltage to load with input voltage of the second voltage changes, the number and parameters of the first power converter can be flexibly adjusted without modifying the controller, adapting to the needs of different vehicle models and configurations, with high flexibility, and improving the maintainability and upgradeability of the vehicle.
[0105] The first power converter is external, which allows for targeted electromagnetic compatibility (EMC) design. Furthermore, since the first power converter is not integrated into the controller, it can reduce electromagnetic interference from the first power converter to the sensitive control circuits and signals inside the controller.
[0106] By simplifying the controller design, potential points of failure are reduced, and reliability is improved.
[0107] Taking a power supply system comprising multiple first power supply branches as an example, among the controllers of the multiple power supply branches, at least one controller's output terminal can be connected to at least one first-type load; or, none of the controllers' output terminals can be connected to a first-type load. For example... Figure 8 The diagram illustrates a scenario where the outputs of each controller are connected to at least one type-1 load. The following describes a scenario where the outputs of some controllers are not connected to a type-1 load.
[0108] See Figure 9 This figure is a schematic diagram of the power supply system provided in an embodiment of this application. Figure 9 .
[0109] Figure 9 The power supply system shown is Figure 8 The difference is that the output of the controller 102 of the first power supply branch 17 is not connected to a load.
[0110] The specific number of the first power supply branch 17 can be greater than or equal to 1, and this application embodiment does not specifically limit this.
[0111] The first power supply branch 17 includes a controller 102 and a first power converter 103. The controller 102 in the first power supply branch 17 is not connected to the load, but outputs a second voltage to the load through the first power converter 103.
[0112] The output terminal of the controller 102 of the first power supply branch 17 is connected to the input terminal of the first power converter 103. The first power converter 103 is used to convert the first voltage into a second voltage and output it to at least one load 15A. The load 15A is a second type of load.
[0113] In this implementation, the loads in the area corresponding to the controller of the first power supply branch 17 are all second-class loads, so each load in this area is powered by the output of the first power converter 103.
[0114] See Figure 10 This figure is a schematic diagram of the power supply system provided in an embodiment of this application. Figure 10 .
[0115] Figure 10 The power supply system shown is Figure 9 The difference is that it also includes the second power supply branch 18.
[0116] The number of second power supply branches 18 can be greater than or equal to 1. Figure 10 The diagram only illustrates the case where the power supply system consists of one circuit.
[0117] Each second power supply branch 18 includes a controller 102, the output of which is connected to at least one load 15B, which is a first-class load. In this case, the controller 102 of the second power supply branch 18 is not directly connected to the input of the first power converter 103, but supplies power directly to the first-class load through the output port.
[0118] In this implementation, the loads in the area corresponding to the controller of the second power supply branch 18 are all first-class loads. Therefore, each load in this area is powered by the output port of the controller 102, and there is no need to set the first power converter 103 in the second power supply branch 18.
[0119] In addition, the power supply system may also include only Figure 10 The first power supply branch 16 and the second power supply branch 18, excluding the first power supply branch 17.
[0120] based on Figure 9 and Figure 10 As explained, the power supply system provided in this application embodiment can be configured with different power supply branches according to the specific load conditions in the area corresponding to the controller. When the ratio of the first type of load and the second type of load changes, the number of the first power converter can be flexibly adjusted without modifying the controller. It adapts to different vehicle models and configuration requirements, has strong flexibility, and improves the maintainability and upgradeability of the vehicle.
[0121] Further details are also available in the following sections. Figure 10 In one possible implementation, for each first power converter 103, the length of the wiring harness connecting the input terminal of the first power converter 103 to the output terminal of the controller is L1, and the length of the wiring harness connecting the output terminal of the first power converter 103 to the second type of load is L2. In this embodiment, L1 can be greater than L2, so that the first power converter 103 can be arranged closer to the load.
[0122] Taking a first voltage of 48V and a second voltage of 12V as an example, since the input terminal of the first power converter 103 is connected to the higher voltage of 48V, the transmission current can be reduced to one-quarter of the original under the same power conditions. The wire diameter of the wiring harness connecting the input terminal of the first power converter 103 and the output terminal of the controller can be shortened. This allows the first power converter 103 to be arranged closer to the load side, and a thinner wiring harness can be used in the longer L1 segment, reducing the manufacturing and installation costs of the wiring harness. At the same time, it reduces the loss of power during transmission and improves system efficiency.
[0123] Based on the power supply system provided in the above embodiments, this application also provides a vehicle, which will be described below with reference to the accompanying drawings.
[0124] See Figure 11 This figure is a schematic diagram of a vehicle provided in an embodiment of this application.
[0125] like Figure 11As shown, the vehicle 50 includes the power supply system 51 described in any of the above embodiments. The vehicle 50 can be a battery electric vehicle (BEV), a hybrid electric vehicle (HEV), a plug-in hybrid electric vehicle (PHEV), an extended-range electric vehicle (EREV), a fuel cell vehicle (FCV), etc.
[0126] The power supply system 51 includes at least one primary power supply branch.
[0127] For details on the specific implementation and working principle of the power supply system 51, please refer to the description in the above embodiments. The embodiments of this application will not be repeated here.
[0128] See also Figure 9 or Figure 10 The vehicle also includes a power battery 10. The power battery pack is used to supply power to the power supply system 51.
[0129] Specifically, the power battery pack 10 is used to connect to the input terminal of the second power converter 101. The vehicle also includes at least a first type of load and a second type of load. The input terminal of the first type of load is connected to the output terminal of a corresponding controller, and the input terminal of the second type of load is connected to the output terminal of a corresponding first power converter.
[0130] In one possible implementation, the input voltage of the first type of load is 48V, corresponding to Figure 9 or Figure 10 The load in the first category is 15B; the input voltage of the second type of load is 12V, corresponding to... Figure 9 or Figure 10 The load is 15A.
[0131] For details on the specific implementation of the power supply system, please refer to the descriptions in the above embodiments. The embodiments in this application will not be repeated here.
[0132] In summary, the vehicle power supply system provided in this application embodiment includes at least one first power supply branch. The first power converter in this branch is externally located within the controller. The first power converter converts a first voltage to a second voltage and outputs it to supply power to a load whose input voltage is the second voltage. This solution possesses at least the following technical advantages:
[0133] The external placement of the first power converter greatly simplifies the controller design, reduces hardware modifications to the controller, reduces the size and weight of the controller, and lowers the complexity of design and manufacturing. Because the design and manufacturing process of the controller is simplified, the development cycle can be shortened and the production cost can be reduced.
[0134] The controller does not need to perform additional thermal design for the first power converter, that is, the controller does not need to set up heat dissipation devices for the first power converter, which also avoids the potential risk of overheating. Each first power converter can be designed with its own heat dissipation, which improves the heat dissipation efficiency of the first power converter.
[0135] If the first power converter fails, it can be repaired or replaced independently without replacing the entire controller, thus improving maintenance efficiency.
[0136] With the change in the ratio of Category I load to Category II load, the number and parameters of the first power converter can be flexibly adjusted without modifying the controller, adapting to different vehicle models and configuration requirements, providing high flexibility and improving the maintainability and upgradeability of the vehicle.
[0137] The first power converter is external, which allows for targeted electromagnetic compatibility (EMC) design. Furthermore, since the first power converter is not integrated into the controller, it can reduce electromagnetic interference from the first power converter to the sensitive control circuits and signals inside the controller.
[0138] It reduces the manufacturing and installation costs of wiring harnesses, while also reducing power loss during transmission, improving system efficiency, and reducing the weight of wiring harnesses, thereby reducing the overall vehicle weight.
[0139] By simplifying the controller design, potential points of failure are reduced, and reliability is improved.
[0140] It should be noted that the various embodiments in this specification are described in a progressive manner, with each embodiment focusing on the differences from other embodiments. The same or similar parts between the various embodiments can be referred to each other.
[0141] It should also be noted that, in this document, the terms “comprising,” “including,” or any other variations thereof are intended to cover non-exclusive inclusion, and an element defined by the phrase “comprising one…” does not exclude the presence of other identical elements in the article or device that includes said element.
[0142] The above description of the disclosed embodiments enables those skilled in the art to make or use this application. Various modifications to these embodiments will be readily apparent to those skilled in the art, and the general principles defined herein may be implemented in other embodiments without departing from the spirit or scope of this application. Therefore, this application is not to be limited to the embodiments shown herein, but is to be accorded the widest scope consistent with the principles and novel features disclosed herein.
Claims
1. A power supply system, characterized in that, include: At least one primary power supply branch; Each of the at least one first power supply branch includes a controller and at least one first power converter external to the controller; The input terminal of the controller is the input terminal of the first power supply branch, and the output terminal of the controller is connected to the input terminal of the at least one first power converter; The first voltage is input to the input terminal of the first power supply branch; The at least one first power converter is used to convert the first voltage into a second voltage and then output it.
2. The power supply system according to claim 1, characterized in that, The power supply system further includes a second power converter, which converts the high voltage into the first voltage and outputs it to the input terminal of the at least one first power supply branch.
3. The power supply system according to claim 1, characterized in that, The power supply system also includes a power source connected to the input terminal of the first power supply branch.
4. The power supply system according to any one of claims 1-3, characterized in that, The power supply system further includes at least one heat dissipation device, each of which is used to dissipate heat for at least one of the first power converters.
5. The power supply system according to any one of claims 1-3, characterized in that, The power supply system further includes at least one metal shielding structure, the metal shielding structure including a shielding cavity for accommodating at least one of the first power converters.
6. The power supply system according to any one of claims 1-3, characterized in that, The power supply system also includes: at least one monitoring module; Each of the monitoring modules is used to monitor at least one of the first power converters for faults.
7. The power supply system according to any one of claims 1-3, characterized in that, The power supply system includes multiple first power supply branches; In the controllers of the multiple first power supply branches, at least one controller has an output terminal connected to at least one first type of load; or, none of the output terminals of the controllers are connected to the first type of load. Wherein, the input voltage of the first type of load is the first voltage.
8. The power supply system according to claim 1, characterized in that, The power supply system includes at least one second power supply branch. Each of the at least one second power supply branch includes the controller; The output of the controller is connected to at least one type of load, and the input voltage of the type of load is the first voltage.
9. The power supply system according to any one of claims 1 or 8, characterized in that, The output terminal of the first power converter is connected to the second type of load, and the length of the wiring harness connecting the input terminal of the first power converter to the output terminal of the controller is greater than the length of the wiring harness connecting the output terminal of the first power converter to the second type of load.
10. A vehicle, characterized in that, The vehicle includes the power supply system according to any one of claims 1-9, and further includes a power battery pack; the power battery pack is used to supply power to the power supply system.