A lumbar foraminoscopy resection fusion operation training device

Abstract

The utility model discloses a kind of lumbar intervertebral foraminotomy resection fusion surgical training device, including simulator base and simulator upper cover, the simulator base is connected with simulator upper cover, and simulator base is provided with simulated human soft tissue silicone rubber part and simulate lumbar vertebrae skeletal module, such as lumbar vertebrae body and fourth, fifth lumbar intervertebral disc, and modular design nucleus pulposus structure, and the skeletal module is provided with simulated fifth lumbar nerve outlet root and simulated first sacral nerve running root.In the utility model, the nucleus pulposus modular design in the middle of fourth lumbar vertebrae-fifth lumbar intervertebral disc in skeletal module makes that it can be taken out in multiple times, and simulated human soft tissue silicone rubber part, simulated fifth lumbar nerve outlet root and simulated first sacral nerve running root are provided, that is, a real restoration lumbar intervertebral foraminotomy resection fusion surgical environment is provided, so that training device has realistic anatomical structure and hand feeling, help to improve the technical level of operator.

Description

[0001] Priority application This application claims priority to Chinese invention patent application filed on July 23, 2024, [CN202410997767X], entitled "[A training device for percutaneous endoscopic lumbar discectomy and fusion surgery]", which is incorporated herein by reference in its entirety. Technical Field

[0002] This utility model relates to the field of surgical training equipment technology, specifically a training equipment for lumbar interbody fusion percutaneous endoscopic resection. Background Technology

[0003] Currently, lumbar disc percutaneous endoscopic surgery (PELD) simulation training equipment needs to conform to the actual human anatomy to effectively improve trainees' technical skills. There are very few simulation training devices on the market for minimally invasive lumbar disc herniation surgery; they are broadly divided into two categories: virtual reality simulators and physical simulators.

[0004] Virtual reality simulators require high-performance, high-computing-power equipment, which would increase the teaching costs for medical institutions, especially those with limited funds where purchasing large quantities of equipment is impractical. Furthermore, virtual simulators lack the hands-on training process required for realistic learning.

[0005] Most existing physical surgery training devices are general-purpose and there are no training devices specifically for percutaneous endoscopic lumbar discectomy and fusion surgery.

[0006] For example, CN202694653U discloses a multi-purpose laparoscopic surgery trainer including: a shell for simulating an inflated human abdominal cavity and a base plate that cooperates with the shell; and a drawer for placing training tasks. The surface of the shell is an arc surface similar to the human abdomen and is designed with multiple operating holes for training in accordance with Ergonomics principles. The inner surface of the operating hole is provided with a rubber ring simulating the skin of the human abdomen. The outer surface of the shell is also provided with an operating hole at the umbilicus position of the simulated human body, which can be adapted to single-port laparoscopic surgery training. The outer surface of the shell is also provided with a boss for inserting a camera. A ball seat, a spherical washer, a pressure ring, and a universal ball handle are installed in sequence in the boss. The camera is installed at the front end of the universal ball handle. The inner surface of the shell is provided with a light strip for lighting inside the trainer. The inner wall of the shell is also provided with a door catch for locking the drawer. The shell is provided with a panel for installing a power socket and a video socket.

[0007] CN115662254A discloses a laparoscopic surgery training device, belonging to the field of medical education and training technology. It includes a hollow box with an installation port on its upper side. The installation port has a simulated skin, and the simulated skin has several operating holes on its upper side. An installation box is inserted into the right side of the hollow box. A base plate is placed inside the installation box. A simulated internal organ model assembly is arranged on the upper side of the base plate, along with multiple sets of body fluid circulation pipelines connected to the simulated internal organ model assembly. Each set of body fluid circulation pipelines is connected to a body fluid delivery device. This invention, through the simulated internal organ model assembly, makes the operator's perception of laparoscopic surgery more realistic, which is beneficial to improving the operator's training effect and helping novices to master laparoscopic surgery skills more quickly.

[0008] However, on the one hand, the above are all general-purpose surgical training devices for laparoscopy, not for lumbar percutaneous endoscopic discectomy and fusion surgery. On the other hand, most of them still have the problem of low realism in the surgical environment of lumbar percutaneous endoscopic discectomy and fusion surgery. Therefore, there is an urgent need for a percutaneous endoscopic discectomy simulation product with realistic anatomical structure and feel, so as to provide reliable data support for subsequent evaluation of users' operation level based on simulation products.

[0009] In view of this, a training device for lumbar percutaneous endoscopic discectomy and fusion surgery is proposed, which can highly restore the realism of the lumbar percutaneous endoscopic discectomy and fusion surgery environment. Utility Model Content

[0010] The purpose of this invention is to provide a training device for lumbar intervertebral disc percutaneous endoscopic resection and fusion surgery, which partially solves or alleviates the above-mentioned shortcomings in the prior art. By modularly designing the nucleus pulposus between the fourth and fifth lumbar intervertebral discs in the skeletal module, it can be removed in multiple stages. It also features a silicone part that simulates human soft tissue, a nerve exit root that simulates the fifth lumbar vertebra, and a nerve root that simulates the first sacral vertebra. In other words, it provides a realistic environment that replicates the lumbar intervertebral disc percutaneous endoscopic resection and fusion surgery, giving the training device a realistic anatomical structure and feel, which helps improve the operator's technical level.

[0011] To solve the aforementioned technical problems, the present invention specifically adopts the following technical solution: This utility model provides a training device for lumbar interbody fusion surgery, including a simulator base and a simulator top cover. The simulator top cover is detachably installed on the simulator base. The simulator top cover is provided with a silicone part that simulates human soft tissue. A bone module is provided between the silicone part that simulates human soft tissue and the simulator base. The simulator base has a skeleton module mounting seat in the middle of the base plate. The skeleton module includes three lumbar vertebrae on the skeleton module mounting seat, and a fourth lumbar intervertebral disc and a fifth lumbar intervertebral disc located between the three lumbar vertebrae. The fourth lumbar intervertebral disc and the fifth lumbar intervertebral disc are modularly provided with removable nucleus pulposus structures. The skeleton module is mounted on the simulator base. A tension sensor body is provided on one side of the skeleton module. A tension sensor support is fixedly connected to the inner wall of the simulator base. The tension sensor body is fixed on the tension sensor support. A nerve root base is fixedly connected to the inner wall of the simulator base; the nerve root base is located on the other side of the iliac module, and a simulated first sacral nerve root is connected between the nerve root base and the skeletal module. The simulated first sacral nerve root is folded in half and passes over the pull ring of the tension sensor body. Both ends of the simulated first sacral nerve root pass through the skeletal module and are fixedly connected to the nerve root base. The nerve root base is located in the extension direction of the simulated first sacral nerve root. Multiple silicone support bases are symmetrically fixed on the inner wall of the simulator base. The skeleton module is connected to two of the silicone support bases that are symmetrically arranged on both sides of the skeleton module, and a simulated fifth lumbar nerve exit root is connected between them. The middle of the simulated fifth lumbar nerve exit root is folded over and passes through the pull ring of the tension sensor body. Both ends of the simulated fifth lumbar nerve exit root pass through the skeleton module and are fixedly connected to two of the silicone support bases.

[0012] In some embodiments, multiple DuPont wire fixing clips are fixedly connected to the three inner walls of the simulator base where the tension sensor body is not installed.

[0013] In some embodiments, the material of the simulated fifth lumbar vertebra nerve exit root is waxed rope.

[0014] In some embodiments, the material of the simulated first sacral nerve root is a waxed rope.

[0015] In some embodiments, a buzzer alarm is fixedly installed inside the simulator base.

[0016] In some embodiments, the simulator base also includes an ARDUINO development board.

[0017] In some embodiments, a power outlet is fixedly installed inside the simulator base, and the buzzer alarm and the power outlet are respectively located on both sides of the skeleton module.

[0018] In some embodiments, the plurality of silicone support bases are provided with a plurality of silicone supports for supporting the silicone portions of simulated human soft tissue.

[0019] In some embodiments, observation windows are symmetrically provided on both side walls of the simulator base, and both observation windows are slidably connected to the simulator base.

[0020] In some embodiments, the simulator base is snapped into the simulator cover by multiple clips.

[0021] Beneficial effects: 1. This lumbar intervertebral percutaneous endoscopic fusion surgery trainer uses a silicone part that simulates human soft tissue and a bone module. Within the bone module, lumbar vertebral bodies and modularly designed intervertebral discs are set up, along with a simulated fifth lumbar nerve exit root and a simulated first sacral nerve root. This realistically recreates the operating environment of lumbar intervertebral percutaneous endoscopic fusion surgery, giving the trainer a lifelike anatomical structure and feel, which helps improve the operator's technical skills.

[0022] 2. Furthermore, this lumbar interbody fusion surgery trainer, designed to realistically simulate the operating environment of percutaneous endoscopic lumbar discectomy and fusion surgery, connects a tension sensor to a simulated fifth lumbar nerve exit root and a simulated first sacral nerve root. When the operator applies traction to the nerves, the tension sensor collects data as real-time feedback. This data provides scientific data support for subsequent analysis and evaluation of the operator's skill level, thereby supporting further improvement in the operator's skill. In other words, by providing a physical trainer that more closely resembles the operating environment of percutaneous endoscopic lumbar discectomy and fusion surgery, a hardware foundation is laid for further optimization, such as intelligent design. Attached Figure Description

[0023] To more clearly illustrate the technical solutions in the embodiments of this utility model or the prior art, the drawings used in the description of the embodiments or the prior art will be briefly introduced below. In all the drawings, similar elements or parts are generally identified by similar reference numerals. The elements or parts in the drawings are not necessarily drawn to scale. Obviously, the drawings described below are some embodiments of this utility model. For those skilled in the art, other drawings can be obtained based on these drawings without any creative effort.

[0024] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of a training device for lumbar interbody fusion surgery with percutaneous endoscopic discectomy according to the present invention; Figure 2 This is a structural disassembly diagram of a training device for lumbar interbody fusion surgery according to the present invention; Figure 3This is a top view of the structure of a training device for percutaneous endoscopic lumbar discectomy and fusion surgery according to this utility model; Figure 4 This is a top view of the simulator base in a lumbar interbody fusion surgery trainer according to the present invention; Figure 5 This is a schematic diagram of the skeletal module in a percutaneous endoscopic lumbar discectomy and fusion surgery trainer of this utility model; Figure 6 This is a schematic diagram of the skeletal module, the simulated fifth lumbar nerve exit root, and the simulated first sacral nerve root in a lumbar intervertebral percutaneous endoscopic fusion surgery trainer of this utility model.

[0025] In the diagram: 1. Silicone part simulating human soft tissue; 2. Simulator top cover; 3. Simulator base; 4. Observation window; 5. Buckle; 6. Skeletal module: lumbar vertebral body 61, fourth lumbar intervertebral disc 62, fifth lumbar intervertebral disc 63, nucleus pulposus structure 64; 7. Silicone support; 8. Simulated nerve exit root of the fifth lumbar vertebra; 9. RGB light, i.e., signal indicator light; 10. OLED screen, i.e., display screen; 11. Nerve root base; 12. Silicone support base; 13. DuPont wire fixing buckle; 14. Self-locking switch; 15. Buzzer alarm; 16. Tension sensor support; 17. Tension sensor body; 18. ARDUINO development board; 19. Power outlet; 20. Component support; 21. Simulated nerve root of the first sacral vertebra; 22. Skeletal module mounting base. Detailed Implementation

[0026] To make the objectives, technical solutions, and advantages of the embodiments of this utility model clearer, the technical solutions of the embodiments of this utility model will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings. Obviously, the described embodiments are only some, not all, of the embodiments of this utility model. All other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art based on the embodiments of this utility model without creative effort are within the scope of protection of this utility model.

[0027] In this document, suffixes such as "module," "part," or "unit" used to denote elements are used only for the purpose of illustrative purposes and have no specific meaning in themselves. Therefore, "module," "part," or "unit" can be used interchangeably.

[0028] In this document, the terms "upper," "lower," "inner," "outer," "front," "rear," "one end," and "the other end," etc., indicate the orientation or positional relationship based on the orientation or positional relationship shown in the accompanying drawings. They are used only for the convenience of describing this utility model and simplifying the description, and do not indicate or imply that the device or element referred to must have a specific orientation, or be constructed and operated in a specific orientation. Therefore, they should not be construed as limitations on this utility model. Furthermore, the terms "first" and "second" are used for descriptive purposes only and should not be construed as indicating or implying relative importance.

[0029] In this document, unless otherwise explicitly specified and limited, the terms "installed," "equipped with," and "connected," etc., should be interpreted broadly. For example, "connected" can be a fixed connection, a detachable connection, or an integral connection; it can be a mechanical connection, a direct connection, or an indirect connection through an intermediate medium; it can be a connection within two components. Those skilled in the art can understand the specific meaning of the above terms in this utility model based on the specific circumstances.

[0030] In this document, "and / or" includes any and all combinations of one or more of the listed related items.

[0031] In this article, "multiple" means two or more, that is, it includes two, three, four, five, etc.

[0032] In this article, percutaneous endoscopic discectomy and fusion (PTED) refers to a new minimally invasive technique for treating lumbar disc herniation. Compared with traditional open discectomy, PTED has advantages such as less trauma, less bleeding, faster postoperative recovery, and smaller scars. In this article, it is also referred to as percutaneous endoscopic discectomy and fusion.

[0033] Please see Figures 1-6 This utility model provides a lumbar intervertebral percutaneous endoscopic discectomy and fusion surgery trainer (or lumbar intervertebral percutaneous endoscopic discectomy and fusion surgery trainer), specifically, it includes: a detachably connected simulator base 3 and simulator top cover 2. In use, the simulator base 3 can be fixed to the simulator top cover 2 by multiple buckles 5. The simulator base 3 is provided with a simulated human soft tissue silicone part 1, and a bone module 6 is provided between the simulated human soft tissue silicone part 1 and the simulator base 3.

[0034] It should be noted that skeletal module 6 includes the lumbar vertebral body 61 and the intervertebral discs 62 and 63 between the fourth and fifth lumbar vertebrae. The modular design of the nucleus pulposus between the intervertebral discs 62 and 63 allows for multiple extractions, which can help trainees improve their operational skills. Figure 5 The small ball at the top is the nucleus pulposus structure 64 of the herniated lumbar disc, which was the first part to be removed.

[0035] See Figure 5 and Figure 6 A skeleton module mounting base 22 is fixedly installed on the base plate of the simulator base 3. Three lumbar vertebrae 61 are sequentially arranged on the skeleton module mounting base 22 along its length. A fourth lumbar intervertebral disc 62 and a fifth lumbar intervertebral disc 63 are respectively arranged between two adjacent lumbar vertebrae 61. A removable nucleus pulposus structure 64 (i.e., Figure 5 (as shown by the multiple small balls), correspondingly, the silicone part 1 simulating human soft tissue is provided with a mounting groove adapted to the bone module 6 on the side near the bone module 6.

[0036] In some embodiments, a tension sensor body 17 is fixedly connected to the inner wall of the simulator base 3, and the tension sensor body 17 is located at one end of the skeleton module 6.

[0037] By incorporating a tension sensor, further optimization can be achieved through a combination of computer programming and electronic components. A smart assessment system can be built using C++ programming, combining intelligent, interactive innovative technologies with the needs of medical simulation training. This allows for the creation of a highly realistic and immersive operating environment, enabling the addition of real-time feedback and scientific assessment functions. This shortens the learning curve for percutaneous endoscopic lumbar discectomy (PELD) techniques and improves the technical skills of specialist physicians. In other words, data is collected through sensors, providing data support for further intelligent modifications.

[0038] In some embodiments, a tension sensor support 16 is fixedly connected to the inner wall of the simulator base 3, and the tension sensor body 17 is snapped and fixed on the tension sensor support 16; of course, the tension sensor body 17 can also be fixed to the inner wall of the simulator base 3 in other ways.

[0039] In some embodiments, a nerve root base 11 and multiple DuPont wire fixing clips 13 are fixedly connected to the inner wall of the simulator base 3. The nerve root base 11 is located on the other side of the skeleton module 6. A simulated first sacral nerve root 21 (preferably made of waxed rope) is connected between the nerve root base 11 and the skeleton module 6. The simulated first sacral nerve root 21 is folded in half and passes over the pull ring of the tension sensor body 17. Both ends of the simulated first sacral nerve root 21 pass through the skeleton module 6 and are fixedly connected to the nerve root base 11. The nerve root base 11 is located in the extension direction of the simulated first sacral nerve root 21. See [reference needed]. Figure 4 and Figure 6 .

[0040] If the operator causes damage to the simulated first sacral nerve root 21 during puncture, the simulated first sacral nerve root 21 will pull the tension sensor body 17, and the tension sensor body 17 will collect data.

[0041] In some embodiments, a plurality of silicone support bases 12 are symmetrically fixed on the inner wall of the simulator base 3. The skeleton module 6 is connected to the silicone support bases 12 which are symmetrically arranged and located on both sides of the skeleton module 6 by a simulated fifth lumbar nerve exit root 8 (preferably, the material of the simulated fifth lumbar nerve exit root 8 is wax rope). The middle of the simulated fifth lumbar nerve exit root 8 is folded over and passes through the pull ring of the tension sensor body 17, and the two ends of the simulated fifth lumbar nerve exit root 8 pass through the skeleton module 6 and are fixedly connected to the two silicone support bases 12.

[0042] If the operator damages the simulated fifth lumbar nerve exit root 8 during puncture, the simulated fifth lumbar nerve exit root 8 will pull the tension sensor body 17, and the tension sensor body 17 will collect data.

[0043] In this embodiment, by setting up a silicone part 1 that simulates human soft tissue and a bone module 6, and setting up a lumbar vertebral body 61, fourth and fifth lumbar intervertebral discs 62 and 63, a modularly set bone marrow structure 64, a simulated fifth lumbar nerve exit root 8, and a simulated first sacral nerve root 21 in the bone module 6, a high degree of restoration of the operating environment of lumbar intervertebral percutaneous endoscopic resection and fusion surgery is achieved. That is, the training device has a high degree of realism, so that the training device has a realistic anatomical structure and feel, which helps to improve the technical level of the operator.

[0044] Furthermore, by connecting the tension sensor body 17 to the simulated fifth lumbar nerve exit root 8 and the simulated first sacral nerve running root 21, when the operator causes traction on the nerves, the tension sensor body 17 will collect data, thereby enabling further analysis and evaluation based on the data collected by the tension sensor body 17.

[0045] In some embodiments, the simulator base 3 is provided with a self-locking switch 14, an RGB light 9 (i.e., a signal indicator light) and an OLED screen 10 in sequence. The self-locking switch 14, the RGB light 9 and the OLED screen 10 are all fixedly installed to the simulator base 3 through the component support 20.

[0046] In some embodiments, an ARDUINO development board 18 is provided between the tension sensor support 16 and the silicone support base 12 as a main control device. The ARDUINO development board 18 is fixedly connected to the simulator base 3. A buzzer alarm 15 and a power outlet 19 are fixedly installed inside the simulator base 3. The buzzer alarm 15 and the power outlet 19 are respectively located on both sides of the skeleton module 6.

[0047] In some embodiments, a plurality of silicone support bases 12 are provided with a plurality of silicone supports 7 for supporting the silicone portion 1 of simulated human soft tissue.

[0048] In some embodiments, observation windows 4 are symmetrically provided on the outer wall of the simulator base 3, and both observation windows 4 are slidably connected to the simulator base 3.

[0049] In this embodiment, by setting a tension sensor, the collected data can be provided to the ARDUINO development board 18, and the buzzer alarm 15 will sound an alarm to remind the operator of operational errors and to remind the operator to standardize the operation. In this way, the operation information is fed back to the operator in real time, and the operator's operation is evaluated and recorded in real time through smart devices such as RGB lights (i.e. signal indicator lights) and OLED screens (i.e. display screens) 10.

[0050] In some embodiments, the ARDUINO development board 18, serving as the main control device, is electrically connected to the aforementioned buzzer alarm, RGB light 9, tension sensor body, and OLED screen 10. The upper simulator base 3 is also equipped with a working mode switching button, which is electrically connected to the ARDUINO development board 18.

[0051] It should be noted that, in this document, the terms "comprising," "including," or any other variations thereof are intended to cover non-exclusive inclusion, such that a process, method, article, or apparatus that comprises a list of elements includes not only those elements but also other elements not expressly listed, or elements inherent to such a process, method, article, or apparatus. Unless otherwise specified, an element defined by the phrase "comprising one..." does not exclude the presence of other identical elements in the process, method, article, or apparatus that includes that element.

[0052] The embodiments of the present invention have been described above with reference to the accompanying drawings. However, the present invention is not limited to the specific embodiments described above. The specific embodiments described above are merely illustrative and not restrictive. Those skilled in the art can make many other forms under the guidance of the present invention without departing from the spirit and scope of the claims. All of these forms are within the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. A training device for percutaneous endoscopic lumbar discectomy and fusion surgery, comprising a simulator base (3) and a simulator cover (2), characterized in that: The simulator top cover (2) is detachably installed on the simulator base (3). The simulator top cover (2) is provided with a simulated human soft tissue silicone part (1). A bone module (6) is provided between the simulated human soft tissue silicone part (1) and the simulator base (3). The simulator base (3) has a skeleton module mounting base (22) in the middle of its base plate. The skeleton module (6) includes three lumbar vertebrae (61) on the skeleton module mounting base (22), and a fourth lumbar intervertebral disc (62) and a fifth lumbar intervertebral disc (63) located between the three lumbar vertebrae (61). The fourth lumbar intervertebral disc (62) and the fifth lumbar intervertebral disc (63) are modularly provided with removable nucleus pulposus structures (64). Correspondingly, the simulated human soft tissue silicone part (1) is provided with a mounting groove that is adapted to the skeleton module (6) on the side close to the skeleton module (6). The skeleton module (6) is set in the middle of the simulator base (3) through the skeleton module mounting base (22). A tension sensor body (17) is provided on one side of the skeleton module (6). A tension sensor support (16) is fixedly connected to the inner wall of the simulator base (3). The tension sensor body (17) is fixed on the tension sensor support (16). The pull ring of the tension sensor body (17) extends out of the tension sensor support (16). A nerve root base (11) is fixedly connected to the inner wall of the simulator base (3); the nerve root base (11) is located on the other side of the iliac module (6), and a simulated first sacral nerve root (21) is connected between the nerve root base (11) and the skeletal module (6). The simulated first sacral nerve root (21) is folded in half and passes over the pull ring of the tension sensor body (17). The two ends of the simulated first sacral nerve root (21) pass through the skeletal module (6) and are fixedly connected to the nerve root base (11). The nerve root base (11) is located in the extension direction of the simulated first sacral nerve root (21). Multiple silicone support bases (12) are symmetrically fixed on the inner wall of the simulator base (3). The skeleton module (6) is connected to two silicone support bases (12) that are symmetrically arranged and located on both sides of the skeleton module (6) by a simulated fifth lumbar nerve exit root (8). The middle of the simulated fifth lumbar nerve exit root (8) is folded over and passes through the pull ring of the tension sensor body (17). The two ends of the simulated fifth lumbar nerve exit root (8) pass through the skeleton module (6) and are fixedly connected to two of the silicone support bases (12). Furthermore, multiple silicone support bases (12) are provided with multiple silicone supports (7) for supporting the simulated human soft tissue silicone part (1).

2. The training device for percutaneous endoscopic lumbar discectomy and fusion surgery according to claim 1, characterized in that: Multiple DuPont wire fixing clips (13) are fixedly connected to the three inner walls of the simulator base (3) where the tension sensor body (17) is not installed.

3. The training device for percutaneous endoscopic lumbar discectomy and fusion surgery according to claim 1, characterized in that: The material of the simulated fifth lumbar vertebra nerve exit root (8) is waxed rope.

4. The training device for percutaneous endoscopic lumbar discectomy and fusion surgery according to claim 1, characterized in that: The material of the simulated first sacral nerve root (21) is waxed rope.

5. A training device for percutaneous endoscopic lumbar discectomy and fusion surgery according to claim 1, characterized in that: A buzzer alarm (15) is fixedly installed inside the simulator base (3).

6. A training device for percutaneous endoscopic lumbar discectomy and fusion surgery according to claim 5, characterized in that: The simulator base (3) also contains an ARDUINO development board (18).

7. A training device for percutaneous endoscopic lumbar discectomy and fusion surgery according to claim 6, characterized in that: The simulator base (3) is fixedly installed with a power outlet (19), and the buzzer alarm (15) and the power outlet (19) are respectively located on both sides of the skeleton module (6).

8. A training device for percutaneous endoscopic lumbar discectomy and fusion surgery according to claim 1, characterized in that: The simulator base (3) is provided with observation windows (4) symmetrically on both sides of the base, and both observation windows (4) are slidably connected to the simulator base (3).

9. A training device for percutaneous endoscopic lumbar discectomy and fusion surgery according to any one of claims 1 to 8, characterized in that: The simulator base (3) is engaged with the simulator cover (2) by multiple clips (5).

Images