A conductor detector
By using a three-stage transistor to amplify current and a crankshaft linkage structure, the problem of existing conductor detectors being unable to distinguish between high-resistance conductors and insulators is solved, achieving high-sensitivity and high-stability conductor detection, and enhancing interactivity and fun.
Patent Information
- Authority / Receiving Office
- CN · China
- Patent Type
- Utility models(China)
- Current Assignee / Owner
- 许乃杰
- Filing Date
- 2025-07-09
- Publication Date
- 2026-07-24
AI Technical Summary
Existing conductor testing demonstration instruments cannot effectively distinguish between high-resistance conductors and insulators, and their sensitivity and applicability are insufficient.
A circuit design using a three-stage transistor to amplify current, combined with a crankshaft linkage structure, is used to visually display the results by having the crankshaft linkage structure move via a motor.
The sensitivity and stability of the conductor detector have been improved, enabling it to accurately identify high-resistance conductors and insulators, while also increasing interactivity and fun.
Smart Images
Figure CN224553923U_ABST
Abstract
Description
Technical Field
[0001] This utility model relates to the field of physical demonstration instrument technology, and in particular to a conductor detector. Background Technology
[0002] Physics knowledge is often abstract and difficult to understand. However, by using demonstration instruments or models to conduct vivid demonstration teaching, not only can abstract theories be presented in an intuitive and visual way, and physics knowledge be closely linked with real phenomena, but it can also attract students' attention and increase their interest in learning the course.
[0003] In the "Conductors and Insulators" course, teachers often use conductor testing demonstrators to help students distinguish whether common objects in daily life are conductors or insulators. The working principle of existing conductor testing demonstrators is as follows: A power source and a small light bulb are first connected to the circuit with a wire. Then, the object to be tested is connected to the circuit instead of the wire. If the light bulb lights up after connection, it indicates that the object allows current to flow smoothly, and therefore the object is a conductor; otherwise, it is an insulator. However, to ensure student safety in the classroom, conductor testing demonstrators generally use low voltage and low current, such as a 3V power supply. However, if the object to be tested is a high-resistance conductor, and a high-resistance conductor, such as the human body or drinking water, is used instead of a wire to connect to the circuit, the light bulb will not light up. This is because high-resistance conductors have a large resistance value; for example, the resistance of the human body is usually close to megaohms. In this case, the current flowing through the light bulb is very small, even close to zero. Only a weak current exists in the circuit, and the light bulb cannot obtain enough electrical energy to light up. In other words, existing conductor testing demonstration instruments cannot be used to test high-resistance conductors such as the human body and drinking water, and cannot be used to distinguish between high-resistance conductors and insulators. The conductor testing demonstration instruments have low sensitivity and low applicability. Utility Model Content
[0004] The main purpose of this invention is to provide a conductor detector that can be used to detect high-resistance conductors and distinguish between high-resistance conductors and insulators. It has the advantages of high sensitivity, high stability and high applicability, and solves the problems of existing conductor detection demonstration instruments that cannot be used to detect high-resistance conductors such as human body and domestic water, that is, cannot be used to distinguish between high-resistance conductors and insulators, and have low sensitivity and low applicability.
[0005] To achieve the above objectives, the present invention proposes a conductor detector comprising a first contact, a second contact, a first transistor, a second transistor, a third transistor, a power supply, a motor, and a crankshaft linkage structure.
[0006] The first contact is connected to the base of the first transistor, the emitter of the first transistor is connected to the base of the second transistor, the emitter of the second transistor is connected to the base of the third transistor, the emitter of the third transistor is connected to the negative terminal of the power supply, and the collector of the third transistor is connected in series with the motor and then connected to the positive terminal of the power supply; the second contact, the collector of the first transistor, and the collector of the second transistor are respectively connected to the positive terminal of the power supply.
[0007] The crankshaft linkage structure is connected to the output end of the motor;
[0008] The object under test is connected to the first contact and the second contact. When the object under test is a conductor and forms a closed circuit, the motor drives the crankshaft linkage structure to move.
[0009] Optionally, the crankshaft linkage structure includes a crankshaft, a force-reducing lever, and a drum body; the crankshaft is connected to the output end of the motor and the power arm of the force-reducing lever, and the resistance arm of the force-reducing lever is used to strike the drum body.
[0010] Optionally, the first contact and the second contact are any one of a metal probe, a metal sheet, and conductive rubber.
[0011] Optionally, both the first contact and the second contact are metal probes;
[0012] Alternatively, both the first contact and the second contact may be metal sheets;
[0013] Alternatively, both the first contact and the second contact may be made of conductive rubber.
[0014] Optionally, the metal probe is a copper probe or an aluminum probe.
[0015] Optionally, the metal sheet is a copper sheet or an iron sheet.
[0016] Optionally, the conductor detector further includes a light-emitting diode (LED), which is connected in parallel with the motor.
[0017] Optionally, the drum body has a drumhead, and the drumhead is made of plastic.
[0018] Compared with the prior art, the embodiments of this utility model have the following beneficial effects:
[0019] In this conductor detector, the first, second, and third transistors all amplify the current. By combining these three transistors, a three-stage amplification of weak current can be achieved, while also improving the circuit's sensitivity and stability. The object under test (DUT) is connected to the first and second contacts. If the DUT is a high-resistance conductor, a closed circuit is formed, forward-biasing the three transistors. Under the action of the three transistors, the weak current in the circuit can be amplified, enabling the circuit to detect current changes and provide power to the motor, ultimately driving the crankshaft linkage mechanism. This conductor detector, combining three-stage current amplification and signal processing, effectively reduces the circuit's false alarm rate, thus enabling more accurate identification of high-resistance conductors. This conductor detector can be used to detect high-resistance conductors and distinguish between high-resistance conductors and insulators, offering advantages such as high sensitivity, high stability, and high applicability. This conductor detector also features a crankshaft linkage structure, enabling a simple and intuitive distinction between conductors and insulators, making it highly engaging. If the crankshaft linkage structure moves, it indicates the formation of a closed circuit, confirming the object being tested is a conductor; if the crankshaft linkage structure remains stationary, the object is confirmed to be an insulator. Furthermore, this conductor detector can perform tests in various scenarios, thus significantly enhancing interaction with students. Attached Figure Description
[0020] Figure 1 This is a circuit diagram of a conductor detector according to an embodiment of the present invention;
[0021] Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of the crankshaft linkage structure of a conductor detector according to an embodiment of the present invention.
[0022] In the attached diagram: 1. First contact; 2. Second contact; 3. First transistor; 4. Second transistor; 5. Third transistor; 6. Power supply; 7. Motor; 8. Crankshaft linkage structure; 81. Crankshaft; 82. Force-reducing lever; 821. Power arm; 822. Resistance arm; 83. Drum body; 831. Drum surface; 9. Light-emitting diode. Detailed Implementation
[0023] The technical solutions of the present utility model will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings of the embodiments. Obviously, the described embodiments are only some embodiments of the present utility model, and not all embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present utility model, all other embodiments obtained by those of ordinary skill in the art without creative effort are within the protection scope of the present utility model.
[0024] It should be noted that all directional indicators (such as up, down, left, right, front, back, etc.) in this utility model embodiment are only used to explain the relative positional relationship and movement of each component in a certain specific posture (as shown in the figure). If the specific posture changes, the directional indicator will also change accordingly.
[0025] In this utility model, unless otherwise explicitly specified and limited, the terms "connection," "fixing," etc., should be interpreted broadly. For example, "fixing" can mean a fixed connection, a detachable connection, or an integral part; it can mean a mechanical connection or an electrical connection; it can mean a direct connection or an indirect connection through an intermediate medium; it can mean the internal communication of two components or the interaction between two components, unless otherwise explicitly limited. Those skilled in the art can understand the specific meaning of the above terms in this utility model according to the specific circumstances.
[0026] Furthermore, in this utility model, descriptions involving "first," "second," etc., are for descriptive purposes only and should not be construed as indicating or implying their relative importance or implicitly specifying the number of technical features indicated. Therefore, features defined with "first" or "second" may explicitly or implicitly include at least one of those features. Additionally, the word "and / or" throughout the text means including three parallel solutions; taking "A and / or B" as an example, it includes solution A, solution B, or a solution that simultaneously satisfies A and B. Furthermore, the technical solutions of the various embodiments can be combined with each other, but this must be based on the ability of those skilled in the art to implement them. When the combination of technical solutions is contradictory or impossible to implement, it should be considered that such a combination of technical solutions does not exist and is not within the scope of protection claimed by this utility model.
[0027] This invention proposes a conductor detector.
[0028] In the embodiments of this utility model, such as Figure 1 As shown, the conductor detector includes a first contact 1, a second contact 2, a first transistor 3, a second transistor 4, a third transistor 5, a power supply 6, a motor 7, and a crankshaft linkage structure 8;
[0029] The first contact 1 is connected to the base of the first transistor 3, the emitter of the first transistor 3 is connected to the base of the second transistor 4, the emitter of the second transistor 4 is connected to the base of the third transistor 5, the emitter of the third transistor 5 is connected to the negative terminal of the power supply 6, and the collector of the third transistor 5 is connected in series with the motor 7 and then connected to the positive terminal of the power supply 6; the second contact 2, the collector of the first transistor 3, and the collector of the second transistor 4 are respectively connected to the positive terminal of the power supply 6.
[0030] The crankshaft linkage structure 8 is connected to the output end of the motor 7;
[0031] The object under test is connected to the first contact 1 and the second contact 2. When the object under test is a conductor and forms a closed circuit, the motor 7 drives the crankshaft linkage structure 8 to move.
[0032] In this conductor detector, the first transistor 3, the second transistor 4, and the third transistor 5 can all amplify the current. By combining the three transistors, a three-stage amplification of weak current can be achieved, while also improving the sensitivity and stability of the circuit. The object under test is connected to the first contact 1 and the second contact 2. If the object under test is a high-resistance conductor, a closed circuit is formed, causing the three transistors to be forward biased. Under the action of the three transistors, the weak current in the circuit can be amplified, enabling the circuit to detect current changes and provide power to the motor 7, ultimately enabling the motor 7 to drive the crankshaft linkage structure 8. This conductor detector, combining three-stage current amplification and signal processing, can effectively reduce the circuit's false judgment rate, thereby more accurately identifying high-resistance conductors. This conductor detector can be used to detect high-resistance conductors and distinguish between high-resistance conductors and insulators, and has the advantages of high sensitivity, high stability, and high applicability. This conductor detector also features a crankshaft linkage structure 8, enabling a simple and intuitive distinction between conductors and insulators, making it highly engaging. If the crankshaft linkage structure 8 moves, it indicates the formation of a closed circuit, confirming the object being tested is a conductor; if the crankshaft linkage structure 8 remains stationary, the object is confirmed to be an insulator. Furthermore, this conductor detector can perform tests in various scenarios, thus significantly enhancing interaction with students.
[0033] This invention solves the problems of existing conductor testing demonstration instruments being unable to detect high-resistance conductors such as the human body and domestic water, that is, unable to distinguish between high-resistance conductors and insulators, and having low sensitivity and low applicability.
[0034] It should be noted that while transistors can amplify current, more transistors are not necessarily better. Using more than three transistors increases circuit complexity and hinders the miniaturization and portability of the conductor detector. Furthermore, a large number of transistors may introduce additional noise and interference, reducing circuit stability and reliability, and potentially causing signal distortion, thus affecting the detector's sensitivity. In addition, a larger number of transistors increases power consumption, shortens the lifespan of power supply 6, and leads to more frequent power supply replacements.
[0035] Preferably, the first transistor 3, the second transistor 4, and the third transistor 5 are of the same model. Optionally, the first transistor 3, the second transistor 4, and the third transistor 5 are of model S9013.
[0036] like Figure 2 As shown, in one embodiment of this application, the crankshaft linkage structure 8 includes a crankshaft 81, a force-reducing lever 82, and a drum body 83; the crankshaft 81 is connected to the output end of the motor 7 and the power arm 821 of the force-reducing lever 82, and the resistance arm 822 of the force-reducing lever 82 is used to strike the drum body 83.
[0037] In this conductor detector, the crankshaft linkage structure 8 includes a crankshaft 81, a lever 82, and a drum 83. When the crankshaft 81 rotates under the drive of the motor 7, it actuates the power arm 821 of the lever 82, causing the power arm 821 to rise. Then, the resistance arm 822 of the lever 82 falls and strikes the drum 83. Combining the crankshaft 81, the lever 82, and the drum 83, this conductor detector can present an engaging demonstration, distinguishing conductors from insulators in a simple and intuitive way, with excellent demonstration results.
[0038] In one embodiment of this application, the first contact 1 and the second contact 2 are any one of a metal probe, a metal sheet, and conductive rubber, respectively.
[0039] Both the first contact 1 and the second contact 2 are used to connect to the object under test. A metal probe, a metal sheet, and conductive rubber are selected as the first contact 1 and the second contact 2. The metal probe has excellent conductivity and can effectively contact the conductor to form a stable current path. The metal sheet has a relatively large area, which is convenient for human touch and can improve the convenience of detection. The conductive rubber has a certain degree of elasticity and good conductivity. Its elasticity allows it to adapt to the contact requirements of objects under test with different shapes. Its good conductivity is suitable for detecting conductors with uneven surfaces (such as wet objects).
[0040] In one embodiment of this application, both the first contact 1 and the second contact 2 are metal probes;
[0041] Alternatively, both the first contact 1 and the second contact 2 may be metal sheets;
[0042] Alternatively, both the first contact 1 and the second contact 2 may be made of conductive rubber.
[0043] Both the first contact 1 and the second contact 2 are metal probes, or both the first contact 1 and the second contact 2 are metal sheets, or both the first contact 1 and the second contact 2 are conductive rubber. In this way, the first contact 1 and the second contact 2 can have similar resistance values, thereby reducing signal deviation, ensuring signal consistency between the first contact 1 and the second contact 2, improving the circuit stability of this conductor detector, and thus effectively reducing the circuit's false judgment rate, ultimately enabling accurate conductor identification.
[0044] In one embodiment of this application, the metal probe is a copper probe or an aluminum probe.
[0045] The metal probe is either a copper probe or an aluminum probe. The metal probe not only has excellent conductivity, but also has a certain degree of hardness and wear resistance, which can effectively extend the service life of this conductor detector.
[0046] In one embodiment of this application, the metal sheet is a copper sheet or an iron sheet.
[0047] Both copper and iron sheets have excellent electrical conductivity and a certain degree of strength. Moreover, copper and iron sheets are common objects in daily life, easy to obtain, and inexpensive. Therefore, copper or iron sheets are the preferred choice for metal sheets.
[0048] In one embodiment of this application, the conductor detector further includes a light-emitting diode 9, which is connected in parallel with the motor 7.
[0049] This conductor detector uses an LED 9. When a closed circuit is formed, the LED 9 lights up, which allows for a quick and easy identification of the object being tested as a conductor. Furthermore, the brightness of the LED 9 is positively correlated with the current; the brightness of the LED 9 increases as the current increases. Students can use the brightness of the LED 9 to determine the resistance of the conductor.
[0050] In one embodiment of this application, the drum body 83 is provided with a drum surface 831, and the drum surface 831 is made of plastic.
[0051] The plastic drumhead 831 produces a crisp and bright drum sound when the drum body 83 is struck, making it suitable for course demonstrations. Furthermore, the plastic drumhead 831 can withstand repeated blows without breaking, further extending the service life of this conductor detector and reducing its manufacturing cost.
[0052] The following examples illustrate the detection capabilities of this conductor detector in different scenarios:
[0053] Scenario 1: All students hold hands, then the first student touches the first contact point 1, and the last student touches the second contact point 2. At this time, the motor 7 rotates, the crankshaft 81 rotates and a drum is generated, indicating that the human body is a conductor.
[0054] Scenario 2: Touch the first contact point 1 and the second contact point 2 with the two ends of the wooden stick respectively. At this time, the motor 7 does not rotate, the crankshaft 81 does not rotate, and no drumming occurs, indicating that the wood is an insulator.
[0055] Scenario 3: When the two ends of a completely wet wooden stick are touched to the first contact point 1 and the second contact point 2 respectively, the motor 7 will rotate, the crankshaft 81 will rotate and beat the drum, indicating that the wet object is a conductor.
[0056] The working principle of this conductor detector is as follows:
[0057] Taking the human body (a high-resistance conductor) as an example, when the two hands of the human body touch the first contact point 1 and the second contact point 2 respectively, it is equivalent to connecting a large resistor in the circuit. At this time, a weak current flows into the base of the first transistor 3, and the first transistor 3 conducts (base-emitter forward biased). Then the current flows into the base of the second transistor 4, and the second transistor 4 conducts (base-emitter forward biased). Then the current flows into the base of the third transistor 5 (base-emitter forward biased), and the third transistor 5 conducts. At this time, a closed circuit is formed between the emitter and collector of the three transistors, the motor 7, the power supply 6, and the light-emitting diode 9, providing a current path for the motor 7. The motor 7 starts to rotate and drives the crankshaft 81 of the crankshaft linkage structure 8 to rotate. The crankshaft 81 moves the power arm 821 of the force-diminishing lever 82, and the resistance arm 822 of the force-diminishing lever 82 strikes the drum surface 831 of the drum body 83. At the same time, the light-emitting diode 9 lights up.
[0058] The technical principles of this utility model have been described above with reference to specific embodiments. These descriptions are merely for explaining the principles of this utility model and should not be construed as limiting the scope of protection of this utility model in any way. Based on this explanation, those skilled in the art can readily conceive of other specific embodiments of this utility model without any inventive effort, and these embodiments will all fall within the scope of protection of this utility model.
Claims
1. A conductor detector, characterized in that, It includes a first contact, a second contact, a first transistor, a second transistor, a third transistor, a power supply, a motor, and a crankshaft linkage structure; The first contact is connected to the base of the first transistor, the emitter of the first transistor is connected to the base of the second transistor, the emitter of the second transistor is connected to the base of the third transistor, the emitter of the third transistor is connected to the negative terminal of the power supply, and the collector of the third transistor is connected in series with the motor and then connected to the positive terminal of the power supply; the second contact, the collector of the first transistor, and the collector of the second transistor are respectively connected to the positive terminal of the power supply. The crankshaft linkage structure is connected to the output end of the motor; The object under test is connected to the first contact and the second contact. When the object under test is a conductor and forms a closed circuit, the motor drives the crankshaft linkage structure to move.
2. The conductor detector according to claim 1, characterized in that, The crankshaft linkage structure includes a crankshaft, a force-reducing lever, and a drum body; the crankshaft is connected to the output end of the motor and the power arm of the force-reducing lever, and the resistance arm of the force-reducing lever is used to strike the drum body.
3. The conductor detector according to claim 1, characterized in that, The first contact and the second contact are any one of a metal probe, a metal sheet, and conductive rubber, respectively.
4. The conductor detector according to claim 3, characterized in that, Both the first contact and the second contact are metal probes; Alternatively, both the first contact and the second contact may be metal sheets; Alternatively, both the first contact and the second contact may be made of conductive rubber.
5. The conductor detector according to claim 3, characterized in that, The metal probe is a copper probe or an aluminum probe.
6. The conductor detector according to claim 3, characterized in that, The metal sheet is a copper sheet or an iron sheet.
7. The conductor detector according to claim 1, characterized in that, The conductor detector also includes a light-emitting diode, which is connected in parallel with the motor.
8. The conductor detector according to claim 2, characterized in that, The drum body has a drumhead, and the drumhead is made of plastic.