A housing structure for relieving internal pressure and a battery thereof

Abstract

The utility model discloses a shell structure for relieving internal pressure, include: shell, form in the shell electric core storehouse and at least one gas absorption cavity, fill in the gas absorption cavity with adsorbent material, and be equipped with first pressure -relief structure and second pressure -relief structure on the lateral wall of gas absorption cavity, first pressure -relief structure links together gas absorption cavity with electric core storehouse, second pressure -relief structure links together gas absorption cavity with outside. The utility model reaches the predetermined value when the air pressure in electric core storehouse, and first pressure -relief structure opens, and gas enters gas absorption cavity, and the carbon dioxide in it is absorbed by adsorbent material, and effectively relieves internal pressure, with other gas in gas absorption cavity increasing, air pressure rising to predetermined value, and second pressure -relief structure opens, and other gas is discharged, and further guarantee the stability of internal pressure in electric core storehouse, avoid the problem such as electric core damage, electrolyte effusion because of internal pressure too high, prolong the service life of battery.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This utility model relates to the technical field of batteries, and in particular to a housing structure for relieving internal pressure and a battery thereof. Background Technology

[0002] In the actual use of ternary and phosphorus-iron battery systems, internal side reactions continuously generate and accumulate gas over time. When the internal pressure of the cell exceeds the upper limit of the mechanical strength of the casing, it will lead to cell damage, electrolyte leakage, and the end of battery life. Especially when using high-nickel materials, the gas generation rate is too fast during high-temperature storage and cycling, which makes it easier for the internal pressure of the battery to reach the opening pressure of the explosion-proof valve, severely shortening the battery life.

[0003] Although the patent with publication number CN213366674U provides an aluminum shell structure to alleviate the internal pressure of aluminum shell battery cells, which uses a burst vent valve to allow carbon dioxide to enter the gas absorption chamber and react with the absorbent to alleviate the internal pressure, this structure can only absorb carbon dioxide and cannot handle other gases such as hydrogen, carbon monoxide, and methane generated by the battery cells. As these gases accumulate, they may still cause problems such as damage to the battery cells. Utility Model Content

[0004] In view of the aforementioned problems with existing battery cells, this paper aims to provide a housing structure for alleviating internal pressure.

[0005] The specific technical solution is as follows:

[0006] A housing structure for relieving internal pressure includes: a housing, wherein a battery cell compartment and at least one gas absorption chamber are formed inside the housing, the gas absorption chamber is filled with an adsorbent material, and a first pressure relief structure and a second pressure relief structure are provided on the side wall of the gas absorption chamber. The first pressure relief structure connects the gas absorption chamber to the battery cell compartment, and the second pressure relief structure connects the gas absorption chamber to the outside. Both the first pressure relief structure and the second pressure relief structure automatically release pressure when a predetermined pressure is reached.

[0007] As a further improvement and optimization of this solution, the first pressure relief structure is a burst vent valve.

[0008] As a further improvement and optimization of this solution, the adsorbent material is a polymer of calcium oxide.

[0009] As a further improvement and optimization of this solution, the second pressure relief structure includes:

[0010] A pressure relief pipe, one end of which is connected to the gas absorption chamber;

[0011] A sealing plug is elastically connected to the other end of the pressure relief pipe via an elastic element and engages with the sealing plug at the other end of the pressure relief pipe.

[0012] As a further improvement and optimization of this solution, the other end of the pressure relief pipe has a conical opening, and the sealing plug is a matching conical plug.

[0013] As a further improvement and optimization of this solution, the elastic element is a spring, a bracket is installed inside the pressure relief pipe, and the spring is connected between the bracket and the sealing plug.

[0014] As a further improvement and optimization of this solution, it also includes: a guide cover, one end of which is connected to the side wall of the gas absorption chamber away from the battery cell compartment, and the other end is connected to one end of the pressure relief pipe, and a filter screen of filter adsorption material is provided at the connection between the guide cover and the side wall of the gas absorption chamber.

[0015] As a further improvement and optimization of this solution, the guide cover is a conical cover.

[0016] As a further improvement and optimization of this solution, a mesh screen is also provided inside the pressure relief pipe.

[0017] A battery comprising a housing structure as described above for relieving internal pressure.

[0018] The positive effects of the above technical solution compared with the existing technology are:

[0019] (1) When the gas pressure inside the cell compartment of this utility model reaches a predetermined value, the first pressure relief structure opens, allowing gas to enter the gas absorption chamber. The carbon dioxide in the chamber is absorbed by the adsorption material, effectively relieving the internal pressure. As the amount of other gases in the gas absorption chamber increases and the gas pressure rises to the predetermined value, the second pressure relief structure opens, expelling the other gases. This further ensures the stability of the internal pressure of the cell compartment, avoids problems such as cell damage and electrolyte leakage caused by excessive internal pressure, and extends the battery life.

[0020] (2) The conical structure of the pressure relief pipe opening and the conical plug of this utility model can achieve a better sealing effect. When the plug is sealed, the conical surface can increase the sealing area, improve the reliability and stability of the seal, reduce the risk of gas leakage, and ensure the sealing of the gas absorption chamber in the non-pressure relief state. Attached Figure Description

[0021] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of a shell structure for relieving internal pressure according to the present invention;

[0022] Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of the internal structure of a shell structure for relieving internal pressure according to the present invention;

[0023] Figure 3This is a schematic diagram of the second pressure relief structure of a shell structure for relieving internal pressure according to the present invention;

[0024] Figure 4 This is a schematic diagram of the sealing fit between the pressure relief pipe and the sealing plug of a shell structure for relieving internal pressure according to this utility model;

[0025] Figure 5 This is a schematic diagram of the pressure relief pipe and sealing plug of a shell structure for relieving internal pressure according to the present invention;

[0026] In the attached diagram: 1. Shell; 2. Second pressure relief structure; 3. Adsorbent material; 4. First pressure relief structure; 11. Battery cell compartment; 12. Gas absorption chamber; 13. Side plate; 21. Guide cover; 22. Filter screen; 23. Pressure relief pipe; 24. Sealing plug; 25. Mesh screen; 26. Elastic element; 27. Bracket; 28. Mounting ring; 101. Electrode; 241. Guide section. Detailed Implementation

[0027] The technical solution of this utility model will now be clearly and completely described with reference to the accompanying drawings. Obviously, the described embodiments are only some, not all, of the embodiments of this utility model. Based on the embodiments of this utility model, all other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art without creative effort are within the scope of protection of this utility model.

[0028] In the description of this utility model, it should be noted that the terms "center," "upper," "lower," "left," "right," "vertical," "horizontal," "inner," and "outer," etc., indicate the orientation or positional relationship based on the orientation or positional relationship shown in the accompanying drawings. They are used only for the convenience of describing this utility model and simplifying the description, and do not indicate or imply that the device or element referred to must have a specific orientation, or be constructed and operated in a specific orientation. Therefore, they should not be construed as limitations on this utility model. Furthermore, the terms "first," "second," and "third" are used for descriptive purposes only and should not be construed as indicating or implying relative importance.

[0029] In the description of this utility model, it should be noted that, unless otherwise explicitly specified and limited, the terms "installation," "connection," and "joining" should be interpreted broadly. For example, they can refer to a fixed connection, a detachable connection, or an integral connection; they can refer to a mechanical connection or an electrical connection; they can refer to a direct connection or an indirect connection through an intermediate medium; and they can refer to the internal connection of two components. Those skilled in the art can understand the specific meaning of the above terms in this utility model based on the specific circumstances.

[0030] Figure 1This is a schematic diagram of a shell structure for relieving internal pressure according to the present invention. Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of the internal structure of a shell structure for relieving internal pressure according to the present invention. Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of the second pressure relief structure of a shell structure for relieving internal pressure according to the present invention. Figure 4 This is a schematic diagram of the sealing fit between the pressure relief pipe and the sealing plug in a shell structure for relieving internal pressure according to this utility model. Figure 5 This is a schematic diagram of the pressure relief pipe and sealing plug of a shell structure for relieving internal pressure according to this utility model. Figure 1-5 As shown, a preferred embodiment of a housing structure for relieving internal pressure is illustrated, comprising: a housing 1, a battery cell compartment 11 and at least one gas absorption chamber 12 formed within the housing 1, the gas absorption chamber 12 being filled with an adsorbent material 3 for adsorbing carbon dioxide, and a first pressure relief structure 4 and a second pressure relief structure 2 provided on the side wall of the gas absorption chamber 12, the first pressure relief structure 4 connecting the gas absorption chamber 12 and the battery cell compartment 11, and the second pressure relief structure 2 connecting the gas absorption chamber 12 and the outside, and both the first pressure relief structure 4 and the second pressure relief structure 2 automatically relieve pressure when a predetermined pressure is reached.

[0031] In this embodiment, when the gas pressure inside the cell compartment 11 reaches a predetermined value, the first pressure relief structure 4 opens, allowing gas to enter the gas absorption chamber 12. The carbon dioxide in the chamber is absorbed by the adsorption material 3, effectively relieving the internal pressure. As other gases increase in the gas absorption chamber 12 and the gas pressure rises to the predetermined value, the second pressure relief structure 2 opens, expelling the other gases. This further ensures the stability of the internal pressure inside the cell compartment 11, preventing problems such as cell damage and electrolyte leakage caused by excessive internal pressure, and extending the battery's service life.

[0032] More preferably, two gas absorption chambers 12 are provided and are located on both sides of the battery cell compartment 11 respectively, and an electrode 101 is formed on the top of the housing 1.

[0033] Furthermore, as a preferred embodiment, the first pressure relief structure 4 is a burst vent valve. The burst vent valve can open when a predetermined pressure is reached, ensuring that when the gas pressure inside the cell compartment 11 reaches a dangerous value, the gas can enter the gas absorption chamber 12 in a timely manner, quickly activating the internal pressure relief mechanism, improving the response speed and safety to the increase in internal pressure of the cell. Moreover, the burst vent valve is consistent with the burst vent valve of the aluminum shell structure for relieving internal pressure of aluminum shell cells provided by the patent with publication number CN213366674U.

[0034] Furthermore, as a preferred embodiment, the adsorbent 3 is a polymer of calcium oxide (with a small amount of water). Preferably, the polymer is in granular form. Calcium oxide polymers have good adsorption performance for carbon dioxide, effectively absorbing carbon dioxide gas entering the gas absorption chamber 12. Moreover, the polymer form may have better stability and a certain structural strength, making it easier to fill and use, thereby improving the adsorption efficiency and effect of carbon dioxide.

[0035] Furthermore, as a preferred embodiment, the second pressure relief structure 2 includes a pressure relief pipe 23 and a sealing plug 24. One end of the pressure relief pipe 23 is connected to the gas absorption chamber 12, and the sealing plug 24 is elastically connected to the other end of the pressure relief pipe 23 via an elastic element 26, and seals and cooperates with the other end of the pressure relief pipe 23. This second pressure relief structure can, when the gas pressure in the gas absorption chamber 12 reaches a predetermined value, use the gas pressure to overcome the elastic force of the elastic element 26 to push open the sealing plug 24, allowing other gases to escape; when the gas pressure decreases, the elastic element 26 can cause the sealing plug 24 to reset and seal the pressure relief pipe 23, achieving automatic pressure relief and sealing. The structure is simple and reliable, effectively controlling the gas pressure in the gas absorption chamber 12.

[0036] Furthermore, as a preferred embodiment, the other end of the pressure relief pipe 23 has a tapered opening, and the sealing plug 24 is a matching tapered plug. The tapered opening of the pressure relief pipe 23 and the tapered plug can achieve a better sealing effect. When the sealing plug 24 is used for sealing, the tapered surface can increase the sealing area, improve the reliability and stability of the seal, reduce the risk of gas leakage, and ensure the sealing of the gas absorption chamber 12 in the non-pressure relief state.

[0037] Furthermore, in a preferred embodiment, the elastic element 26 is a spring, and a bracket 27 is installed inside the pressure relief pipe 23. The spring connects the bracket 27 and the sealing plug 24. As the elastic element 26, the spring has good elasticity and adjustability. By installing the bracket 27, the spring position can be easily fixed, allowing the spring to apply a stable and uniform elastic force to the sealing plug 24. This ensures that the second pressure relief structure can operate accurately under different pressures, improving the working stability and reliability of the second pressure relief structure.

[0038] More preferably, the sealing plug 24 forms a guide portion 241 on the side facing the support 27. The guide portion 241 matches the minimum inner diameter of the pressure relief pipe 23. During pressure relief, the guide portion 241 disengages from the tapered opening of the pressure relief pipe 23. After pressure relief, the guide portion 241 slides into the pressure relief pipe 23 under the guidance of the tapered opening of the pressure relief pipe 23 and fits tightly with the minimum inner diameter of the pressure relief pipe 23. This can fill any possible small gaps, enhance the sealing effect between the sealing plug 24 and the pressure relief pipe 23, and at the same time guide the sealing plug 24 to seal.

[0039] Furthermore, as a preferred embodiment, it also includes: a guide cover 21, one end of which is connected to the side wall of the gas absorption chamber 12 away from the battery cell compartment 11, and the other end is connected to one end of the pressure relief pipe 23. A filter screen 22 of the adsorbent material 3 is provided at the connection between the guide cover 21 and the side wall of the gas absorption chamber 12. The guide cover 21 can guide the gas in the gas absorption chamber 12 to flow smoothly to the pressure relief pipe 23, making the gas discharge smoother; the filter screen 22 can prevent the adsorbent material 3 from entering the pressure relief pipe 23, avoid clogging the second pressure relief structure, ensure the normal operation of the second pressure relief structure, and at the same time protect the pipes or equipment that may be connected later from the influence of the adsorbent material 3.

[0040] Specifically, the pore size of filter screen 22 is smaller than the diameter of the calcium oxide polymer particles.

[0041] More preferably, a side plate 13 is provided on the outside of the gas absorption chamber 12, the side plate 13 is mounted on the housing 1, and the pressure relief pipe 23 is mounted on the side plate 13.

[0042] Furthermore, as a preferred embodiment, the guide shroud 21 is a conical shroud. The shape of the conical shroud is conducive to the convergence and guidance of gas, allowing the gas to flow more concentratedly to the pressure relief pipe 23, thereby improving the efficiency of gas discharge. At the same time, the conical structure may reduce the amount of gas residue in the guide shroud 21 to a certain extent, further optimizing the gas discharge effect.

[0043] Furthermore, as a preferred embodiment, the pressure relief pipe 23 is also provided with a mesh screen 25. The mesh screen 25 can further filter out small particles or impurities in the gas, preventing these substances from affecting the external environment or subsequent equipment when discharged with the gas. At the same time, it can also block any possible debris of the adsorbent material 3 to a certain extent, ensuring the cleanliness of the discharged gas and improving the reliability and environmental friendliness of the entire housing 1 structure.

[0044] Specifically, the mesh size of the screen 25 is smaller than that of the filter screen 22.

[0045] Even better, an installation ring 28 is coaxially installed inside the pressure relief pipe 23, and a mesh screen 25 is located inside the installation ring 28.

[0046] A battery comprising any one of the aforementioned housing structures for relieving internal pressure.

[0047] The above description is only a preferred embodiment of the present utility model and does not limit the implementation method and protection scope of the present utility model. Those skilled in the art should realize that all solutions obtained by equivalent substitutions and obvious changes made based on the description and illustrations of the present utility model should be included within the protection scope of the present utility model.

Claims

1. A shell structure for relieving internal pressure, characterized in that, The device includes: a housing, in which a battery cell compartment and at least one gas absorption chamber are formed, the gas absorption chamber is filled with an adsorbent material, and a first pressure relief structure and a second pressure relief structure are provided on the side wall of the gas absorption chamber. The first pressure relief structure connects the gas absorption chamber to the battery cell compartment, and the second pressure relief structure connects the gas absorption chamber to the outside. Both the first pressure relief structure and the second pressure relief structure automatically release pressure when a predetermined pressure is reached.

2. The shell structure for relieving internal pressure according to claim 1, characterized in that, The first pressure relief structure is a burst vent valve.

3. The shell structure for relieving internal pressure according to claim 1, characterized in that, The adsorbent material is a polymer of calcium oxide.

4. The shell structure for relieving internal pressure according to claim 1, characterized in that, The second pressure relief structure includes: A pressure relief pipe, one end of which is connected to the gas absorption chamber; A sealing plug is elastically connected to the other end of the pressure relief pipe via an elastic element and engages with the sealing plug at the other end of the pressure relief pipe.

5. The shell structure for relieving internal pressure according to claim 4, characterized in that, The other end of the pressure relief pipe has a conical opening, and the sealing plug is a matching conical plug.

6. The shell structure for relieving internal pressure according to claim 4, characterized in that, The elastic element is a spring, and a bracket is installed inside the pressure relief pipe. The spring is connected between the bracket and the sealing plug.

7. The shell structure for relieving internal pressure according to claim 4, characterized in that, Also includes: A guide cover, one end of which is connected to the side wall of the gas absorption chamber away from the battery cell compartment, and the other end of which is connected to one end of the pressure relief pipe, and a filter screen of filter adsorption material is provided at the connection between the guide cover and the side wall of the gas absorption chamber.

8. The shell structure for relieving internal pressure according to claim 7, characterized in that, The guide cover is a conical cover.

9. The shell structure for relieving internal pressure according to claim 4, characterized in that, The pressure relief pipe is also equipped with a mesh screen.

10. A battery, characterized in that, Includes the shell structure for relieving internal pressure as described in any one of claims 1-9.

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