A large concrete reactor
By integrating catalytic reaction and adsorption processes in a large concrete reactor, the problems of small processing capacity and high cost of existing equipment have been solved. This has enabled the efficient conversion of SO2 into sulfuric acid, reduced acid gas emissions and operating costs, and improved the economic and environmental benefits of the equipment.
Patent Information
- Authority / Receiving Office
- CN · China
- Patent Type
- Utility models(China)
- Current Assignee / Owner
- DESIGN ENG OF SYRICI
- Filing Date
- 2025-07-04
- Publication Date
- 2026-07-28
AI Technical Summary
Existing catalytic oxidation desulfurization equipment suffers from problems such as small processing capacity, difficulty in scaling up equipment, environmental pollution from acidic exhaust gas emissions, waste of sulfur resources, and high operating costs.
A large-scale concrete reactor is used to integrate catalytic reaction and adsorption processes. The reactor uses a concrete shell, spray pipes, catalyst bed and gas distributor to directly convert SO2 into sulfuric acid. The activated carbon catalyst is regenerable and water is used as the adsorption medium.
This has enabled the scaling up of individual equipment, reduced the number of devices and costs, improved the resource utilization rate of SO2, reduced acid gas emissions and operating costs, and improved economic and social benefits.
Smart Images
Figure CN224558739U_ABST
Abstract
Description
Technical Field
[0001] This utility model belongs to the field of desulfurization technology, specifically a large-scale concrete reactor. Background Technology
[0002] The removal of sulfuric acid-containing gases is an important process technology in many industrial processes, especially in the sulfuric acid industry. Current catalytic oxidation desulfurization methods use V₂O₅ as a catalyst to convert SO₂ into SO₃, which is then further processed into sulfuric acid. The main equipment in current systems includes a fixed-bed catalytic oxidizer, an energy-saving device, an air preheater, and an absorption tower. The fixed-bed catalytic oxidizer converts SO₂ into SO₃, the absorption tower converts SO₃ into sulfuric acid, and the energy-saving device and air preheater recover the heat generated during the oxidation process. Existing catalytic oxidation desulfurization equipment has the following problems:
[0003] (1) Due to factors such as the strength of equipment materials and the size of transportation, the processing capacity of a single set of equipment is relatively small, and it is difficult to make a single piece of equipment large.
[0004] (2) Due to the influence of absorption efficiency, the treated process gas still contains a certain amount of acidic tail gas, and the emission of acidic tail gas will cause a certain degree of pollution to the ambient atmosphere.
[0005] (3) The treated acidic tail gas still contains a small amount of acidic gas, and direct discharge into the atmosphere will waste sulfur resources.
[0006] (4) The absorption tower uses sulfuric acid as the absorbent, resulting in high equipment operating costs. Utility Model Content
[0007] To address the aforementioned problems with existing catalytic oxidation desulfurization equipment, the purpose of this invention is to provide a large-scale concrete reactor.
[0008] The objective of this utility model is achieved through the following technical solution:
[0009] This invention includes a concrete shell and spray pipes, a catalyst bed, and gas distributors respectively disposed inside the concrete shell. The concrete shell is divided into an upper reactor shell and a lower reactor shell. A process gas inlet is located at the bottom of the lower reactor shell, and a process gas outlet is located on the upper reactor shell. The lower reactor shell is divided into upper and lower reaction zones by an intermediate concrete layer. Each reaction zone is provided with a catalyst bed. The process gas inlet is located below the catalyst bed in the lower reaction zone. A spray pipe is located above each catalyst bed layer. Multiple gas distributors are installed on the intermediate concrete layer, and each gas distributor is connected to the lower reaction zone. A liquid phase outlet is located on the lower reactor shell corresponding to each reaction zone.
[0010] Wherein: the inner wall of the concrete shell is provided with PP board to prevent acidic gases and acidic liquids from corroding the concrete shell.
[0011] Each catalyst bed is supported by a support grid, and a support beam is provided below the support grid to support the catalyst bed and the support grid. The support beam is fixed to the inner wall of the lower shell of the reactor.
[0012] Each catalyst bed layer is equipped with an internal thermometer port with an extension, which is used to monitor the temperature of the catalyst bed layer.
[0013] The intermediate concrete layer is located at the middle position in the height direction of the lower shell of the reactor, and multiple gas distributors are uniformly arranged in a matrix on the intermediate concrete layer; the unreacted sulfur dioxide gas in the lower reaction area is redistributed through each of the gas distributors.
[0014] The bottom concrete layer and the upper surface of the middle concrete layer of the reactor's lower shell both slope downwards from both sides in the length direction towards the middle region. The liquid phase outlet on the reactor's lower shell corresponding to the lower reaction region is located at the lowest point of the upper surface of the bottom concrete layer, and the liquid phase outlet on the reactor's lower shell corresponding to the upper reaction region is located at the lowest point of the upper surface of the middle concrete layer.
[0015] The upper shell of the reactor has a top manhole for reactor inspection and maintenance, and the lower shell of the reactor has a side wall manhole for internal inspection and maintenance.
[0016] Both the upper and lower shells of the reactor are rectangular parallelepipeds. The length of the upper shell is equal to the length of the lower shell, the width of the upper shell is less than the width of the lower shell, and the height of the upper shell is less than the height of the lower shell. The upper shell is located at the middle of the top of the lower shell and is connected to it.
[0017] Each catalyst bed layer has multiple spray pipes above it, which are evenly arranged along the length of the lower shell of the reactor. The spray pipes are rectangular, with opposite ends on both sides extending outwards in opposite directions. The two ends of the extensions protrude from the sidewalls of the lower shell of the reactor. Multiple spray nozzles are evenly provided at the bottom of the spray pipes.
[0018] The advantages and positive effects of this utility model are as follows:
[0019] 1. This utility model integrates the catalytic reaction and adsorption process into a single device, which simplifies the process flow, realizes the integration of multiple devices, reduces the number and types of process unit devices, and lowers equipment costs.
[0020] 2. The reactor size of this utility model can be adjusted according to the amount of acidic gas to be processed. The reactor can be installed on the project site, realizing the problem of large-scale single equipment, without having to consider the limitations of transportation conditions on the reactor size.
[0021] 3. This utility model realizes the direct conversion of SO2 waste gas into sulfuric acid through two catalytic reactions, thereby achieving the resource recovery and utilization of SO2, reducing SO2 emissions, and improving the economic and social benefits of the reactor.
[0022] 4. This utility model has a high efficiency in converting SO2 into sulfuric acid, which reduces the emission of acidic gases and lowers the pollution of the atmosphere by acidic exhaust gases.
[0023] 5. The activated carbon catalyst bed of this invention can be regenerated by water spraying. The regenerated activated carbon can be recycled, eliminating the need for frequent replacement. This extends the service life of the activated carbon, prolongs the reactor's operating time, improves the reactor's operating cycle, and reduces the reactor's operating costs.
[0024] 6. The adsorption medium of this invention is water, which reduces the operating cost of the reactor and does not generate additional wastewater or waste liquid, and does not require the addition of other chemicals.
[0025] 7. This utility model solves the process problem of efficiently converting low-concentration SO2 gas into sulfuric acid. Attached Figure Description
[0026] Figure 1 This is a front sectional view of the present invention;
[0027] Figure 2 This is a right sectional view of the present invention;
[0028] Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of the spray pipe of this utility model;
[0029] Wherein: 1 is the concrete shell, 2 is the top manhole, 3 is the process gas outlet, 4 is the spray pipe, 5 is the process gas inlet, 6 is the PP (polypropylene) plate, 7 is the thermometer port, 8 is the catalyst bed, 9 is the support beam, 10 is the gas distributor, 11 is the intermediate concrete layer, 12 is the bottom concrete layer, 13 is the upper shell of the reactor, 14 is the lower shell of the reactor, 15 is the side wall manhole, 16 is the support grid, and 17 is the liquid phase outlet. Detailed Implementation
[0030] The present invention will now be described in further detail with reference to the accompanying drawings.
[0031] like Figure 1 , Figure 2 As shown, this utility model includes a concrete shell 1 and spray pipes 4, catalyst beds 8, and gas distributors 10 respectively disposed inside the concrete shell 1. The concrete shell 1 is divided into an upper shell 13 and a lower shell 14. A process gas inlet 5 is provided at the bottom of the lower shell 14, and a process gas outlet 3 is provided on the upper shell 13. The interior of the lower shell 14 is divided into upper and lower reaction zones by an intermediate concrete layer 11. Each reaction zone is provided with a catalyst bed 8. The process gas inlet 5 is located below the catalyst bed 8 in the lower reaction zone. A spray pipe 4 is provided above each catalyst bed 8. Multiple gas distributors 10 are installed on the intermediate concrete layer 11, and each gas distributor 10 is connected to the lower reaction zone. A liquid phase outlet 17 is provided on the lower shell 14 corresponding to each reaction zone.
[0032] In this embodiment, the concrete outer shell 1 is 30-40 meters long, 10-15 meters wide, and 10-15 meters high. Both the upper shell 13 and the lower shell 14 of the reactor are rectangular in shape and made of concrete. The length of the upper shell 13 is equal to the length of the lower shell 14. The width of the upper shell 13 is less than the width of the lower shell 14. The height of the upper shell 13 is less than the height of the lower shell 14. The upper shell 13 is located at the middle of the top of the lower shell 14 and is connected to the lower shell 14.
[0033] In this embodiment, a PP plate 6 is provided on the inner wall of the concrete shell 1 to prevent acidic gases and acidic liquids from corroding the concrete shell 1; all process pipes of the reactor are also made of PP material.
[0034] In this embodiment, a support grid 16 is laid below each catalyst bed 8. Multiple support beams 9 (twelve in this embodiment) are evenly arranged below the support grid 16. Each support beam 9 is fixed to the inner wall of the lower shell 14 of the reactor to support the weight of the catalyst bed 8 and the support grid 16. In this embodiment, the support grid 16 is made of FRP (fiber reinforced plastic) and was purchased from Hebei Juwan Fiberglass Co., Ltd.; the support beams 9 are made of carbon steel lined with FRP.
[0035] In this embodiment, each catalyst bed 8 is equipped with an internal thermometer port 7 with an extension. The thermometer port 7 is located in the middle of the height direction of the catalyst bed 8 and is used to monitor the temperature of the catalyst bed 8.
[0036] In this embodiment, there are multiple spray pipes 4 above each catalyst bed 8 (twelve in this embodiment), which are evenly arranged along the length of the lower shell 14 of the reactor; such as Figure 3 As shown, the spray pipe 4 in this embodiment is rectangular, with the two opposite ends of the rectangle extending outward in opposite directions along its length. The two ends of the extension extend outward from the side wall of the lower shell 14 of the reactor. Multiple spray nozzles are evenly provided at the bottom of the spray pipe 4, which is used to spray the SO3 generated by the catalytic reaction into water.
[0037] In this embodiment, the upper surfaces of the bottom concrete layer 12 and the middle concrete layer 11 of the reactor's lower shell 14 slope downwards from both sides towards the center along the length direction. The liquid phase outlet 17 on the reactor's lower shell 14 corresponding to the lower reaction area is located at the lowest point of the upper surface of the bottom concrete layer 12, and the liquid phase outlet 17 on the reactor's lower shell 14 corresponding to the upper reaction area is located at the lowest point of the upper surface of the middle concrete layer 11. The sulfuric acid generated after the hydration reaction is discharged from the reactor through the liquid phase outlet 17. In this embodiment, the upper surfaces of the bottom concrete layer 12 and the middle concrete layer 11 slope downwards from both sides towards the center along the length direction at a 2° angle, which facilitates the smooth discharge of the sulfuric acid generated by the hydration reaction through the liquid phase outlet 17.
[0038] In this embodiment, the intermediate concrete layer 11 is located at the middle of the height of the lower shell 14 of the reactor. Multiple gas distributors 10 are evenly arranged in a matrix (in this embodiment, a matrix of twelve rows and four columns, for a total of forty-eight) on the intermediate concrete layer 11. Unreacted SO2 gas in the lower reaction area is redistributed through each gas distributor 10. The gas distributors 10 in this embodiment are prior art and will not be described in detail here.
[0039] In this embodiment, twelve process gas inlets 5 are uniformly opened along the length of the lower part of the shell 14 below the reactor to transport acidic process gas containing SO2.
[0040] In this embodiment, six top manholes 2 are evenly provided along the length of the top of the upper shell 13 of the reactor for inspection and maintenance. Two process gas outlets 3 are provided on the side wall of the upper shell 13 for the discharge of trace amounts of acidic tail gas. Side wall manholes 15 are provided on the side wall of the lower shell 14 of the reactor for inspection and maintenance inside the lower shell 14.
[0041] The catalyst in this embodiment is a microporous activated carbon catalyst with a particle size of 4-8 mm and a porosity of 0.6-0.9 cubic centimeters per gram (cm³ / g). In this embodiment, the porosity is 0.8 cubic centimeters per gram (cm³ / g). 3 / g).
[0042] The process gas in this embodiment is 8.6% O2, 0.1% SO2, 3.2% CO2, 59.4% N2, 27.9% H2O, 0.4% Ar, and 0.4% H2SO4 by volume.
[0043] The working principle of this utility model is as follows:
[0044] Acidic process gas containing SO2 enters the reactor from the lower process gas inlet 5. Simultaneously, water is sprayed onto the catalyst bed 8 from the spray pipe 4. After reacting with the catalyst in the lower reaction zone, SO3 is generated. The generated SO3 undergoes a hydration reaction with the water sprayed from the spray pipe 4 in the lower reaction zone to generate sulfuric acid, which is discharged through the liquid phase outlet 17 on the lower shell 14 of the reactor corresponding to the lower reaction zone. Unreacted SO2 is secondary distributed through the gas distributors 10 on the intermediate concrete layer. After reacting with the catalyst in the upper reaction zone, SO3 is generated. The SO3 undergoes a hydration reaction with the water sprayed from the spray pipe 4 in the upper reaction zone to generate sulfuric acid, which is discharged through the liquid phase outlet 17 on the lower shell of the reactor corresponding to the upper reaction zone. A small amount of unreacted acidic gas is discharged through the process gas outlet 3 on the upper shell 13 of the reactor.
Claims
1. A large-scale concrete reactor, characterized in that: The reactor includes a concrete shell (1) and spray pipes (4), catalyst beds (8), and gas distributors (10) respectively installed inside the concrete shell (1). The concrete shell (1) is divided into an upper shell (13) and a lower shell (14). A process gas inlet (5) is provided at the bottom of the lower shell (14), and a process gas outlet (3) is provided on the upper shell (13). The lower shell (14) is divided into upper and lower reaction zones by an intermediate concrete layer (11). Each reaction zone is provided with a catalyst bed (8). The process gas inlet (5) is located below the catalyst bed (8) in the lower reaction zone. A spray pipe (4) is provided above each catalyst bed (8). Multiple gas distributors (10) are installed on the intermediate concrete layer (11), and each gas distributor (10) is connected to the lower reaction zone. A liquid phase outlet (17) is provided on the lower shell (14) corresponding to each reaction zone.
2. The large-scale concrete reactor according to claim 1, characterized in that: The inner wall of the concrete shell (1) is provided with a PP plate (6) to prevent acidic gases and acidic liquids from corroding the concrete shell (1).
3. The large-scale concrete reactor according to claim 1, characterized in that: Each catalyst bed (8) is provided with a support grid (16) below it. A support beam (9) for supporting the catalyst bed (8) and the support grid (16) is provided below the support grid (16). The support beam (9) is fixed to the inner wall of the lower shell (14) of the reactor.
4. The large-scale concrete reactor according to claim 1, characterized in that: Each catalyst bed (8) is equipped with a thermometer port (7) with an inner extension, which is used to monitor the temperature of the catalyst bed (8).
5. The large-scale concrete reactor according to claim 1, characterized in that: The intermediate concrete layer (11) is located at the middle position in the height direction of the lower shell (14) of the reactor. Multiple gas distributors (10) are uniformly arranged in a matrix on the intermediate concrete layer (11). Unreacted sulfur dioxide gas in the reaction area below is redistributed through each of the gas distributors (10).
6. The large-scale concrete reactor according to claim 1, characterized in that: The bottom concrete layer (12) and the upper surface of the middle concrete layer (11) of the lower shell (14) of the reactor are both inclined downward from both sides in the length direction towards the middle area. The liquid phase outlet (17) opened on the lower shell (14) of the reactor corresponding to the lower reaction area is located at the lowest point of the upper surface of the bottom concrete layer (12), and the liquid phase outlet (17) opened on the lower shell (14) of the reactor corresponding to the upper reaction area is located at the lowest point of the upper surface of the middle concrete layer (11).
7. The large-scale concrete reactor according to claim 1, characterized in that: The upper shell (13) of the reactor is provided with a top manhole (2) for reactor inspection and maintenance, and the lower shell (14) of the reactor is provided with a side wall manhole (15) for internal inspection and maintenance.
8. The large-scale concrete reactor according to claim 1, characterized in that: Both the upper shell (13) and the lower shell (14) of the reactor are rectangular parallelepipeds. The length of the upper shell (13) is equal to the length of the lower shell (14). The width of the upper shell (13) is less than the width of the lower shell (14). The height of the upper shell (13) is less than the height of the lower shell (14). The upper shell (13) is located at the middle of the top of the lower shell (14) and is connected to the lower shell (14).
9. The large-scale concrete reactor according to claim 1, characterized in that: Each catalyst bed (8) has multiple spray pipes (4) above it, which are evenly arranged along the length of the lower shell (14) of the reactor. The spray pipe (4) is rectangular, with the two opposite ends of the rectangular length extending outward in opposite directions. The two ends of the extension pass through the side wall of the lower shell (14) of the reactor. Multiple spray nozzles are evenly opened at the bottom of the spray pipe (4).