Electrode structure, solar cell, photovoltaic module

Abstract

The application relates to the field of solar cells, and discloses an electrode structure, a solar cell and a photovoltaic module. The electrode structure comprises an edge grid line, the length direction of the edge grid line is a first direction; an edge pad, the edge pad is close to the edge grid line, and a gap is formed between the edge pad and the edge grid line; and a first electric connection line, two ends of the first electric connection line are connected with the edge grid line and the edge pad respectively, the first electric connection line is an electric connection line with a relief shape, the relief direction of the first electric connection line is a second direction, and the first direction and the second direction are not perpendicular to each other. The electric conductivity of the first electric connection line in the electrode structure is relatively high, and the transmission capacity of the current between the edge grid line and the edge pad is improved.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This application relates to the field of solar cell technology, and in particular to an electrode structure, a solar cell, and a photovoltaic module. Background Technology

[0002] A solar cell is a device that converts sunlight into electrical energy. It uses the photovoltaic principle to generate current and then uses an electrode structure to transmit the current, thereby facilitating the efficient use of electrical energy.

[0003] However, in the electrode structure of solar cells, the connection method between the edge grid lines and edge pads of the solar cell can lead to low current collection efficiency, which is not conducive to improving the performance of the solar cell. Utility Model Content

[0004] This application discloses an electrode structure, a solar cell, and a photovoltaic module. The first electrical connection line in the electrode structure has a high conductivity, which helps to improve the current transmission capability between the edge grid line and the edge pad.

[0005] In a first aspect, embodiments of this application disclose an electrode structure, the electrode structure comprising:

[0006] Edge grid lines, wherein the length direction of the edge grid lines is a first direction;

[0007] An edge pad is located close to the edge gate line, and there is a gap between the edge pad and the edge gate line;

[0008] The first electrical connection line has its two ends connected to the edge gate line and the edge pad, respectively. The first electrical connection line is an electrical connection line with an undulating shape. The undulation direction of the first electrical connection line is a second direction, and the first direction and the second direction are not perpendicular to each other.

[0009] Furthermore, any one of the first electrical connection lines includes a plurality of electrical connection line units connected end to end, the number of the electrical connection line units being 9 to 15; the distance between the edge gate line and the edge pad is 300 μm to 1000 μm.

[0010] Furthermore, along a direction perpendicular to the first direction, the first electrical connection line extends to the central region inside the edge pad.

[0011] Furthermore, along the direction perpendicular to the welding surface of the edge pad, the height of the overlap between the first electrical connection line and the edge pad is 5μm to 10μm.

[0012] Furthermore, along the direction perpendicular to the soldering surface of the edge pad, the projected pattern of the first electrical connection line includes at least one of a wavy pattern and a sawtooth pattern; and / or,

[0013] Along the first direction, the first electrical connection line includes a highest point and a lowest point, the vertical distance between the highest point and the lowest point being 0.02 mm to 0.1 mm; and / or,

[0014] The number of the first electrical connection wires connected to any of the edge pads is 1 to 3; and / or,

[0015] The angle between the first direction and the second direction is α, where 0°≤α≤60°; and / or,

[0016] The first electrical connection is a periodically fluctuating electrical connection; and / or,

[0017] The edge pads are located inside the edge gate lines; and / or,

[0018] The material of the first electrical connection wire includes at least one of silver, copper, and aluminum; and / or,

[0019] The electrode structure includes a busbar, and the busbar includes the edge grid line.

[0020] Furthermore, the electrode structure also includes a second electrical connection line located corresponding to the first electrical connection line. The two ends of the second electrical connection line are respectively connected to the edge gate line and the edge pad. Along the direction perpendicular to the welding surface of the edge pad, the projection pattern of the second electrical connection line has the projection pattern of the first electrical connection line.

[0021] Further, the ratio of the wire diameter of the first electrical connection wire to the wire diameter of the second electrical connection wire is 0.3 to 0.9; and / or,

[0022] Along the first direction, the diameter of the second electrical connection wire is 0.04 mm to 0.3 mm; and / or,

[0023] Along the direction perpendicular to the soldering surface of the edge pad, the height of the second electrical connection line is 1 μm to 4 μm; and / or,

[0024] The material of the second electrical connection wire includes at least one of silver, copper, and aluminum; and / or,

[0025] Any of the second electrical connection lines is perpendicular to the edge gate lines; and / or,

[0026] The second electrical connection line includes a first surface and a second surface disposed opposite to each other, wherein the first electrical connection line is located on the first surface or on the second surface.

[0027] Furthermore, the first electrical connection line includes a first sub-connection line and a second sub-connection line, the edge gate line includes a first edge gate line and a second edge gate line, and the electrode structure further includes:

[0028] A bus gate, the bus gate including a central gate and an edge gate, the central gate being located inside the edge pad and the edge gate, the central gate including a first central gate and a second central gate;

[0029] The second electrical connection line is positioned corresponding to the first electrical connection line. Along the direction perpendicular to the soldering surface of the edge pad, the projection pattern of the second electrical connection line has the projection pattern of the first electrical connection line. The second electrical connection line includes a third sub-connection line and a fourth sub-connection line.

[0030] The collector grid line includes a first collector grid line and a second collector grid line, wherein the first collector grid line is perpendicularly connected to the first middle grid line and the first edge grid line, and the second collector grid line is perpendicularly connected to the second middle grid line and the second edge grid line;

[0031] The first sub-connection line and the third sub-connection line are used to connect the first edge gate line and the edge pad, and the first central gate line, the first edge gate line, the first sub-connection line, the third sub-connection line, and the first collector gate line are all located in the first conductivity type region; the second sub-connection line and the fourth sub-connection line are used to connect the second edge gate line and the edge pad, and the second central gate line, the second edge gate line, the second sub-connection line, the fourth sub-connection line, and the second collector gate line are all located in the second conductivity type region, where one of the second conductivity type is an N-type conductivity type and the other is a P-type conductivity type.

[0032] Secondly, embodiments of this application disclose a solar cell, the solar cell comprising:

[0033] Battery substrate;

[0034] The electrode structure as described in the first aspect is located on the battery substrate.

[0035] Furthermore, the edge grid line is the outermost grid line of the battery substrate, and the edge pad is the outermost pad of the battery substrate.

[0036] Thirdly, embodiments of this application disclose a photovoltaic module, which includes the solar cell described in the second aspect.

[0037] Compared with the prior art, the beneficial effects of this application are as follows:

[0038] This application provides an electrode structure, a solar cell, and a photovoltaic module. In the electrode structure of this application, a first electrical connection line is connected between the edge grid line and the edge pad. The structure of the first electrical connection line is improved to help increase the conductivity of the first electrical connection line and improve the current collection capability of the pad.

[0039] Specifically, this application incorporates a gap between the edge pads and the edge gate lines. This gap effectively alleviates stress concentration at the edge of the solar cell, reducing the risk of microcracks. Furthermore, to ensure effective current collection from the edge gate lines, this application provides a first electrical connection between the edge gate lines and the edge pads. This first electrical connection provides an effective current transmission path between the edge gate lines and the edge pads. Additionally, since this first electrical connection has an undulating shape, its undulating characteristics introduce a micro-resistance gradient. This micro-resistance gradient reduces the resistance of the first electrical connection, resulting in a first electrical connection with higher conductivity. This facilitates current transmission from the edge gate lines to the edge pads, improving current transfer capability. Attached Figure Description

[0040] To more clearly illustrate the technical solutions in the embodiments of this application, the accompanying drawings used in the embodiments will be briefly introduced below. Obviously, the drawings described below are only some embodiments of this application. For those skilled in the art, other drawings can be obtained based on these drawings without creative effort.

[0041] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the first electrode structure (without the second electrical connection line) provided in the embodiments of this application;

[0042] Figure 2 yes Figure 1 A magnified view of a section of AA;

[0043] Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of the first electrical connection line provided in an embodiment of this application;

[0044] Figure 4 This is a partially enlarged view of the second electrode structure provided in the embodiments of this application;

[0045] Figure 5 A partial enlarged view of the third electrode structure provided in the embodiments of this application;

[0046] Figure 6 A schematic diagram of the fourth electrode structure provided in the embodiments of this application;

[0047] Figure 7 This is a partially enlarged view of the fifth electrode structure provided in the embodiments of this application;

[0048] Figure 8 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of a first electrical connection line containing an electrical connection unit provided in an embodiment of this application;

[0049] Figure 9 This is a partially enlarged view of the sixth electrode structure provided in the embodiments of this application;

[0050] Figure 10 This is a partially enlarged view of the seventh electrode structure provided in the embodiments of this application;

[0051] Figure 11 This is a schematic diagram of the second electrical connection line arrangement provided in the embodiments of this application;

[0052] Figure 12 This is a schematic diagram of the second electrode structure provided in the embodiments of this application.

[0053] Icons: 1. Bus gate; 11a. First gate; 11b. Second gate; 11. Edge gate; 111. First edge gate; 112. Second edge gate; 12. Center gate; 121. First center gate; 122. Second center gate; 2. Edge pad; 2a. First column edge pad; 2b. Second column edge pad; 3. First electrical connection; 3a. Electrical connection unit; 31. First sub-connection; 32. Second sub-connection; 4. Second electrical connection; 41. Third sub-connection; 42. Fourth sub-connection; 5. Collector gate; 51. First collector gate; 52. Second collector gate. Detailed Implementation

[0054] The technical solutions of the embodiments of this application will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings. Obviously, the described embodiments are only some embodiments of this application, and not all embodiments. Based on the embodiments of this application, all other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art without creative effort are within the scope of protection of this application.

[0055] In this application, the terms "upper," "lower," "left," "right," "front," "rear," "top," "bottom," "inner," "outer," "middle," "vertical," "horizontal," "lateral," and "longitudinal" indicate the orientation or positional relationship based on the orientation or positional relationship shown in the accompanying drawings. These terms are primarily for the purpose of better describing this application and its embodiments, and are not intended to limit the indicated device, element, or component to having a specific orientation, or to be constructed and operated in a specific orientation.

[0056] Furthermore, in addition to indicating location or positional relationship, some of the aforementioned terms may also have other meanings. For example, the term "above" may also be used in some cases to indicate a certain dependency or connection relationship. Those skilled in the art can understand the specific meaning of these terms in this application based on the specific circumstances.

[0057] Furthermore, the terms "first," "second," etc., are primarily used to distinguish different devices, elements, or components (which may be the same or different in specific type and construction), and are not intended to indicate or imply the relative importance or quantity of the indicated devices, elements, or components. Unless otherwise stated, "a plurality of" means two or more.

[0058] The technical solutions provided in this application will be further described below with reference to the embodiments and accompanying drawings.

[0059] Based on the above problems, embodiments of this application provide an electrode structure, a solar cell, and a photovoltaic module. The electrode structure has a first electrical connection line connecting the edge grid line and the edge pad. By improving the structure of the first electrical connection line, the conductivity of the first electrical connection line can be improved, thereby enhancing the current transmission capability.

[0060] Firstly, this application discloses an electrode structure, such as Figures 1 to 2 As shown, the electrode structure includes:

[0061] Edge grid line 11, the length direction of edge grid line 11 is the first direction (see Figure 2 (in the Y1 direction);

[0062] Edge pad 2 is close to edge gate line 11, and there is a gap between edge pad 2 and edge gate line 11;

[0063] The first electrical connection line 3 has its two ends connected to the edge gate line 11 and the edge pad 2, respectively. The first electrical connection line 3 is an undulating electrical connection line, and the undulation direction of the first electrical connection line 3 is the second direction (see [reference]). Figure 2 (Y2 direction in the equation), the first direction and the second direction are not perpendicular to each other.

[0064] The edge pads 2 and edge grid lines 11 in this application have a gap. This is because the edge pads of the solar cell are located on the edge grid lines, which leads to stress concentration in the edge area. Therefore, during the soldering process, this increases the probability of microcracks occurring at the edge of the solar cell. Thus, by setting a gap between the edge grid lines and the edge pads, this application can alleviate stress concentration and reduce the risk of microcracks occurring at the edge of the solar cell.

[0065] Therefore, to ensure that the edge pad 2 can effectively collect the current from the edge gate line 11, this application provides a first electrical connection line 3 between the edge gate line 11 and the edge pad 2. This first electrical connection line 3 provides an effective transmission path for current transmission between the edge gate line 11 and the edge pad 2. In addition, since the first electrical connection line 3 is an undulating electrical connection line, this undulating shape creates a difference in lateral resistance, which can form a potential difference of several millivolts in the lateral direction (i.e., form a micro-resistance gradient). This drives the charge carriers to move along the low-resistance path, thereby reducing the lateral transmission resistance of the first electrical connection line 3. This results in a first electrical connection line 3 with high conductivity, which in turn promotes the transmission of current from the edge gate line 11 to the edge pad 2 and improves the current transmission capability.

[0066] In summary, the first electrical connection line 3 of this application is connected between the edge gate line 11 and the edge pad 2, and the first electrical connection line 3 has a high conductivity, thus promoting the transmission of current from the edge gate line 11 to the edge pad 2 to a greater extent and improving the current transmission effect.

[0067] Among them, such as Figure 3 a to Figure 3 As shown in d, the first electrical connection line 3 is an undulating electrical connection line, meaning that the electrical connection line has turning points with varying elevations, and these elevation changes present a fluctuating shape. Preferably, as shown in... Figure 3 a to Figure 3 As shown in c, along the direction perpendicular to the surface of the edge pad 2, the projected pattern of the first electrical connection line 3 includes at least one of a wavy pattern and a sawtooth pattern; and, refer to the previous section... Figure 3 b, the first electrical connection line 3 can be a periodic undulating pattern, such as Figure 3 As shown in c, the first electrical connection line 3 can also be a non-periodic undulating pattern, for example, the first electrical connection line can be a sine curve and satisfy the following sine formula:

[0068]

[0069] like Figure 2 and Figure 4As shown, the first direction and the second direction are not perpendicular to each other, meaning that the extension direction of the first electrical connection line 3 is different from the length direction of the edge gate line 11. Due to the difference in their directions, the first electrical connection line 3 can effectively connect the edge main gate and the edge pad 2 together. Preferably, when the angle between the first direction and the second direction is α, 0°≤α≤60°; when α is within the above range, the effect of the micro-resistance gradient formed is better, the resistance of the first electrical connection line 3 is smaller, which helps to promote current transmission; more preferably, refer to the previous section. Figure 2 When α is 0°, the undulation direction of the first electrical connection line 3 is parallel to the length direction of the edge gate line 11, which helps to further optimize the effect of the micro-resistance gradient, making the resistance of the first electrical connection line 3 smaller, the conductivity higher, and more effectively promoting the transmission of current. For example, α is 0°, 10°, 20°, 40°, 60°, etc.

[0070] Furthermore, the number of edge grid lines 11 is related to the total number of busbars 1. For example, when the total number of busbars of the solar cell is twelve, the number of edge grid lines on one side of the solar cell can be one, two, etc.; when the total number of busbars of the solar cell is three, the number of edge grid lines 11 on one side of the solar cell is one. The number of edge grid lines 11 should be equal to the number of columns of edge pads 2, and the edge pads 2 can be located inside or outside the edge grid lines 11.

[0071] In one optional embodiment, the number of edge grid lines 11 on one side of the solar cell is one, and the number of columns of edge pads 2 is one, such as... Figure 5 As shown, the edge pad 2 can be located outside the edge gate line 11, or refer to the previous section. Figure 2 Edge pad 2 is located inside edge gate line 11.

[0072] In another alternative implementation, such as Figure 6 As shown in figures a through 6d, the number of edge grid lines 11 on one side of the solar cell is two, and the number of columns of edge pads 2 is two. Along a direction perpendicular to the first direction, from the outside to the inside, the edge grid lines 11 include a first grid line 11a and a second grid line 11b, and the edge pads 2 include a first column of edge pads 2a and a second column of edge pads 2b. (See reference...) Figure 6 a. The first row of edge pads 2a is located outside the first gate line 11a, and the second row of edge pads 2b is located outside the second gate line 11b; see back. Figure 6 b, The first row of edge pads 2a is located inside the first gate line 11a, and the second row of edge pads 2b is located inside the second gate line 11b; see back 6c, The first row of edge pads 2a is located inside the first gate line 11a, and the second row of edge pads 2b is located outside the second gate line 11b; see back Figure 6d, the first column edge pad 2a is located outside the first gate line 11a, and the second column edge pad 2b is located inside the second gate line 11b.

[0073] And, as Figure 2 , Figure 7 As shown, at least one first electrical connection line 3 is connected to an edge pad 2. Preferably, when the number of first electrical connection lines 3 connected to the edge pad 2 is 1 to 3, it is more conducive to the transmission of current from the edge gate line 11 to the edge pad 2, and the transmission efficiency is higher. For example, the number of first electrical connection lines 3 connected to an edge pad 2 is 1, 2, 3, 4, etc.

[0074] In addition, the material of the first electrical connection wire 3 includes at least one of silver, copper, and aluminum.

[0075] Furthermore, such as Figure 8 a to Figure 8 As shown in c, any first electrical connection line 3 includes a plurality of electrical connection line units 3a connected end to end, and the number of electrical connection line units 3a is 9 to 15; the distance between the edge gate line 11 and the edge pad 2 is 300 μm to 1000 μm.

[0076] When the distance between the edge gate line 11 and the edge pad 2 is within the aforementioned range, and by controlling the number of electrical connection line units 3a, the impact of the extended transmission path on current collection can be reduced, and a micro-resistance gradient can be introduced to reduce contact resistance, thereby further improving the conductivity of the first electrical connection line 3. For example, the distance between the edge gate line 11 and the edge pad 2 is 300μm, 500μm, 700μm, 900μm, 1000μm, etc.; the number of electrical connection line units 3a in the first electrical connection line 3 is 9, 10, 12, 13, 15, etc.

[0077] Here, electrical connection unit 3a refers to the smallest unit constituting the first electrical connection line 3. Furthermore, in an optional embodiment, the first electrical connection line may include one type of electrical connection unit 3a; for example, referring to 8a, when the first electrical connection line 3 is a wavy pattern, its smallest unit is an arched structure; referring to 8a... Figure 8 b. When the first electrical connection line 3 is a sawtooth pattern, the electrical connection units that make it up are inverted V-shaped structures. This first electrical connection line can also include various types of electrical connection units 3a, for example, see [reference needed]. Figure 8 c, Figure 8 Electrical connection unit 3a in c includes an arched structure and an inverted V-shaped structure.

[0078] In one alternative implementation, such as Figure 9As shown, the first electrical connection line 3 is connected to the outline edge of the edge pad 2; in another alternative embodiment, refer to the previous section. Figure 2 Along a direction perpendicular to the first direction, the first electrical connection line 3 extends to the central region inside the edge pad 2.

[0079] When the first electrical connection line 3 extends to the central area, the height of the overlap between the first electrical connection line 3 and the pad is effectively increased, which helps to avoid corrosion of the battery substrate during the soldering process and thus avoids the existence of grid breakage to a greater extent.

[0080] Furthermore, along the direction perpendicular to the welding surface of the edge pad 2, the height of the overlap between the first electrical connection line 3 and the edge pad 2 is 5μm to 10μm. The height of the overlap between the first electrical connection line 3 and the edge pad 2 includes the sum of the height of the first electrical connection line 3 and the height of the edge pad 2. When the height is within the above range, it helps to further protect the battery substrate and further avoid the occurrence of weld grid breakage. For example, the height is 5μm, 7μm, 9μm, 10μm, etc.

[0081] Furthermore, along the first direction, the first electrical connection line 3 includes a highest point and a lowest point, and the vertical distance between the highest point and the lowest point (see...). Figure 8 The distance H in a) is 0.02mm to 0.1mm. When the vertical distance between the highest and lowest points is within the above range, it indicates that the area occupied by the first electrical connection line 3 of this application is relatively small, thereby helping to further improve the utilization rate of sunlight. For example, the vertical distance is 0.02mm, 0.04mm, 0.06mm, 0.08mm, 0.1mm, etc.

[0082] Furthermore, such as Figure 10 a to Figure 10 As shown in c, the electrode structure also includes a second electrical connection line 4 whose position corresponds to the first electrical connection line 3. The two ends of the second electrical connection line 4 are connected to the edge gate line 11 and the edge pad 2, respectively. Along the direction perpendicular to the welding surface of the edge pad 2, the projection pattern of the second electrical connection line 4 contains the projection pattern of the first electrical connection line 3.

[0083] This application provides a second electrical connection line 4, with both ends connected to the edge gate line 11 and the edge pad 2, respectively. This second electrical connection line 4 also provides a path for current transmission between the edge pad 2 and the edge gate line 11, further facilitating current transmission. Furthermore, since the projection pattern of the second electrical connection line 4 contains the projection pattern of the first electrical connection line 3, the increased area of ​​the electrode structure is avoided from affecting the absorption and utilization rate of sunlight, thus contributing to further improving the utilization rate of sunlight.

[0084] Furthermore, the fact that the projection pattern of the first electrical connection line 3 is within the projection pattern of the second electrical connection line 4 can be understood as follows: along the first direction, the highest point and / or the lowest point of the first electrical connection line 3 slightly exceeds the projection pattern of the second electrical connection line 4; or, the highest point and the lowest point of the first connection line 3 are both located within the projection pattern of the second connection line. When the highest point and the lowest point are both located within the projection pattern of the second electrical connection line 4, it indicates that the area of ​​the electrode structure is small, the blocking effect on sunlight is lower, and it helps to further improve the absorption and utilization rate of sunlight.

[0085] In one alternative implementation, refer to the previous section. Figure 10 a) In one portion of the second electrical connection line 4, the projected pattern does not include the projected pattern of the first electrical connection line 3; that is, the edge gate line 11 and the edge pad 2 in this portion are connected only by the second electrical connection line 4. In another portion of the second electrical connection line 4, the projected pattern includes the projected pattern of the first electrical connection line 3. In another optional embodiment, refer to the previous section. Figure 10 b and Figure 10 c. The projection pattern of all the second electrical connection lines 4 has the projection pattern of the first electrical connection line 3, that is, the edge gate line 11 and the edge pad 2 are all connected together through the second electrical connection line 4 and the first electrical connection gate line.

[0086] The material of the second electrical connection wire 4 includes at least one of silver, copper, and aluminum.

[0087] Furthermore, the ratio of the wire diameter of the first electrical connection wire 3 to the wire diameter of the second electrical connection wire 4 is 0.3 to 0.9. When the ratio of the wire diameters of the first electrical connection wire 3 and the second electrical connection wire 4 is within the above range, it indicates that the wire diameter of the first electrical connection wire 3 is narrower and the amount of slurry used is lower. That is, the electrode structure of this application can improve the current transmission effect by utilizing the first electrical connection wire 3 and the second electrical connection wire 4 while avoiding an increase in slurry consumption, thereby helping to improve the effect of the electrode structure and reducing production costs.

[0088] Along the first direction, the wire diameter of the second electrical connection line 4 is 0.04 mm to 0.3 mm. When the wire diameter of the second electrical connection line 4 is within the above range, the connection stability between the two ends of the second electrical connection line 4 and the edge pad 2 and the edge gate line 11 is high, which promotes efficient current transmission. For example, the wire diameter of the second electrical connection line 4 is 0.04 mm, 0.13 mm, 0.2 mm, 0.26 mm, 0.3 mm, etc.

[0089] Furthermore, the height of the second electrical connection line 4 is 1 μm to 4 μm along the direction perpendicular to the soldering surface of the edge pad 2. When the height of the second electrical connection line 4 is within the above range, its connection stability with the edge gate line 11 of the pad is good, thereby helping to ensure the stability of the electrode structure to a high degree. For example, the height of the second electrical connection line 4 is 1 μm, 2 μm, 3 μm, 3.5 μm, 4 μm, etc.

[0090] In the first alternative implementation, such as Figure 11 a and Figure 11 As shown in b, the second electrical connection line 4 is not perpendicular to the first electrical connection line. For example, see reference [link to previous section]. Figure 11 a. Edge gate line 11 and edge pad 2 are connected together by a second connecting line positioned diagonally downwards; see back Figure 11 b. The edge gate line 11 and the edge pad 2 are connected together by a second connecting line that is angled upwards; in another alternative embodiment, see back Figure 10 The edge gate line 11 and the edge pad 2 are perpendicular to each other. When the edge pad 2 and the edge gate line 11 are set perpendicular to each other, the current transmission path is the shortest, which helps to improve the current transmission effect.

[0091] Furthermore, the second electrical connection line 4 includes a first surface and a second surface disposed opposite to each other, with the first electrical connection line 3 located on the first surface or on the second surface.

[0092] Furthermore, such as Figure 12 As shown, the first electrical connection line 3 includes a first sub-connection line 31 and a second sub-connection line 32, the edge gate line 11 includes a first edge gate line 111 and a second edge gate line 112, and the electrode structure further includes:

[0093] Bus gate 1 includes a central gate 12 and an edge gate 11. The central gate 12 is located inside the edge pad 2 and the edge gate 11. The central gate 12 includes a first central gate 121 and a second central gate 122.

[0094] The second electrical connection line 4 is positioned corresponding to the first electrical connection line 3. Along the direction perpendicular to the soldering surface of the edge pad 2, the projection pattern of the second electrical connection line 4 contains the projection pattern of the first electrical connection line 3. The second electrical connection line 4 includes a third sub-connection line 41 and a fourth sub-connection line 42.

[0095] The collector grid line 5 includes a first collector grid line 51 and a second collector grid line 52. The first collector grid line 51 is vertically connected to the first middle grid line 1 and the first edge grid line 111, and the second collector grid line 52 is vertically connected to the second middle grid line 1 and the second edge grid line 112.

[0096] The first sub-connection line 31 and the third sub-connection line 41 are used to connect the first edge gate line 111 and the edge pad 2, and the first central gate line 121, the first edge gate line 111, the first sub-connection line 31, the third sub-connection line 41, and the first collector gate line 51 are all located in the first conductivity type region; the second sub-connection line 32 and the fourth sub-connection line 42 are used to connect the second edge gate line 112 and the edge pad 2, and the second central gate line 122, the second edge gate line 112, the second sub-connection line 32, the fourth sub-connection line 42, and the second collector gate line 52 are all located in the second conductivity type region, and one of the second conductivity types is an N-type conductivity type and the other is a P-type conductivity type.

[0097] Secondly, embodiments of this application disclose a solar cell, which includes:

[0098] Battery substrate;

[0099] As in the first aspect, the electrode structure is located on the battery substrate.

[0100] In addition, the solar cell includes one of the following: back contact solar cell, passivated contact solar cell, and heterojunction solar cell.

[0101] In one optional embodiment, the solar cell is a back-contact solar cell, with both the N-type electrode region and the P-type electrode region located on the back surface; wherein the electrode structure is provided in the N-type electrode region, or the electrode structure is provided in the P-type electrode region, or the electrode structure is provided in both the N-type electrode region and the P-type electrode region.

[0102] In another optional embodiment, the solar cell is a passivated contact solar cell, in which one of the N-type electrode region and the P-type electrode region is located on the light-receiving surface and the other is located on the back-lighting surface; wherein, the solar cell has the electrode structure on the light-receiving surface, or the solar cell has the electrode structure on the back-lighting surface, or both the light-receiving surface and the back-lighting surface of the solar cell have the electrode structure.

[0103] Furthermore, edge grid line 11 is the outermost grid line of the battery substrate, and edge pad 2 is the outermost pad of the battery substrate.

[0104] Thirdly, embodiments of this application disclose a photovoltaic module, which includes: a solar cell as described in the second aspect.

[0105] The electrode structure, solar cell, and photovoltaic module disclosed in the embodiments of this application have been described in detail above. Specific examples have been used to illustrate the principles and implementation methods of this application. The description of the above embodiments is only for the purpose of helping to understand the electrode structure, solar cell, and photovoltaic module. At the same time, for those skilled in the art, there will be changes in the specific implementation methods and application scope based on the ideas of this application. Therefore, the content of this specification should not be construed as a limitation of this application.

Claims

1. An electrode structure, characterized in that, The electrode structure includes: Edge grid lines, wherein the length direction of the edge grid lines is a first direction; An edge pad is located close to the edge gate line, and there is a gap between the edge pad and the edge gate line; The first electrical connection line has its two ends connected to the edge gate line and the edge pad, respectively. The first electrical connection line is an electrical connection line with an undulating shape. The undulation direction of the first electrical connection line is a second direction, and the first direction and the second direction are not perpendicular to each other.

2. The electrode structure according to claim 1, characterized in that, Each of the first electrical connection lines includes a plurality of electrical connection line units connected end to end, and the number of electrical connection line units is 9 to 15; the distance between the edge gate line and the edge pad is 300 μm to 1000 μm.

3. The electrode structure according to claim 1, characterized in that, Along a direction perpendicular to the first direction, the first electrical connection extends to the central region inside the edge pad.

4. The electrode structure according to claim 3, characterized in that, Along the direction perpendicular to the welding surface of the edge pad, the height of the overlap between the first electrical connection line and the edge pad is 5μm to 10μm.

5. The electrode structure according to claim 1, characterized in that, Along the direction perpendicular to the soldering surface of the edge pad, the projected pattern of the first electrical connection line includes at least one of a wavy pattern and a sawtooth pattern; and / or, Along the first direction, the first electrical connection line includes a highest point and a lowest point, the vertical distance between the highest point and the lowest point being 0.02 mm to 0.1 mm; and / or, The number of the first electrical connection wires connected to any of the edge pads is 1 to 3; and / or, The angle between the first direction and the second direction is α, where 0°≤α≤60°; and / or, The first electrical connection is a periodically fluctuating electrical connection; and / or, The edge pads are located inside the edge gate lines; and / or, The material of the first electrical connection wire includes at least one of silver, copper, and aluminum; and / or, The electrode structure includes a busbar, and the busbar includes the edge grid line.

6. The electrode structure according to claim 1, characterized in that, The electrode structure further includes a second electrical connection line located corresponding to the first electrical connection line. The two ends of the second electrical connection line are respectively connected to the edge gate line and the edge pad. Along the direction perpendicular to the welding surface of the edge pad, the projection pattern of the second electrical connection line has the projection pattern of the first electrical connection line.

7. The electrode structure according to claim 6, characterized in that, The ratio of the wire diameter of the first electrical connection wire to the wire diameter of the second electrical connection wire is 0.3 to 0.9; and / or, Along the first direction, the diameter of the second electrical connection wire is 0.04 mm to 0.3 mm; and / or, Along the direction perpendicular to the soldering surface of the edge pad, the height of the second electrical connection line is 1 μm to 4 μm; and / or, The material of the second electrical connection wire includes at least one of silver, copper, and aluminum; and / or, Any of the second electrical connection lines is perpendicular to the edge gate lines; and / or, The second electrical connection line includes a first surface and a second surface disposed opposite to each other, wherein the first electrical connection line is located on the first surface or on the second surface.

8. The electrode structure according to any one of claims 1 to 7, characterized in that, The first electrical connection line includes a first sub-connection line and a second sub-connection line, the edge gate line includes a first edge gate line and a second edge gate line, and the electrode structure further includes: A bus gate, the bus gate including a central gate and an edge gate, the central gate being located inside the edge pad and the edge gate, the central gate including a first central gate and a second central gate; The second electrical connection line is positioned corresponding to the first electrical connection line. Along the direction perpendicular to the soldering surface of the edge pad, the projection pattern of the second electrical connection line has the projection pattern of the first electrical connection line. The second electrical connection line includes a third sub-connection line and a fourth sub-connection line. The collector grid line includes a first collector grid line and a second collector grid line, wherein the first collector grid line is perpendicularly connected to the first middle grid line and the first edge grid line, and the second collector grid line is perpendicularly connected to the second middle grid line and the second edge grid line; The first sub-connection line and the third sub-connection line are used to connect the first edge gate line and the edge pad, and the first central gate line, the first edge gate line, the first sub-connection line, the third sub-connection line, and the first collector gate line are all located in the first conductivity type region; the second sub-connection line and the fourth sub-connection line are used to connect the second edge gate line and the edge pad, and the second central gate line, the second edge gate line, the second sub-connection line, the fourth sub-connection line, and the second collector gate line are all located in the second conductivity type region, where one of the second conductivity type is an N-type conductivity type and the other is a P-type conductivity type.

9. A solar cell, characterized in that, The solar cell includes: Battery substrate; The electrode structure as described in any one of claims 1 to 8, wherein the electrode structure is located on the battery substrate.

10. The solar cell according to claim 9, characterized in that, The edge grid line is the outermost grid line of the battery substrate, and the edge pad is the outermost pad of the battery substrate.

11. A photovoltaic module, characterized in that, The photovoltaic module includes the solar cell as described in claim 9 or 10.

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