An automatic dust removal device for pulse dust collectors

Abstract

This utility model provides an automatic dust removal device for a pulse dust collector, belonging to the technical field of automatic dust removal devices. The automatic dust removal device includes: a dust collector cylinder, a filter bag assembly, a pulse jet pipe, a compressed air tank, a mechanical triggering mechanism, and a dust discharge mechanism. The dust collector cylinder has a cylindrical structure, with an air inlet at the top and a dust outlet at the bottom. The filter bag assembly is located inside the dust collector cylinder, comprising a filter bag support frame and a filter bag body, with the filter bag body fitted over the filter bag support frame. The pulse jet pipe is located at the top of the dust collector cylinder, with its nozzle aligned with the upper opening of the filter bag assembly. The compressed air tank is connected to the pulse jet pipe via a high-pressure air pipe. The mechanical triggering mechanism includes a trigger rod and a differential pressure diaphragm. The dust discharge mechanism is located at the bottom of the dust collector cylinder, solving the technical problem in the prior art where inaccurate control of the dust removal timing leads to unsatisfactory dust removal results.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This utility model belongs to the technical field of automatic dust removal devices, specifically, it relates to an automatic dust removal device for a pulse dust collector. Background Technology

[0002] In modern industrial production, various processes generate large amounts of dust pollutants. This dust not only seriously pollutes the environment but also harms workers' health and affects product quality. Therefore, dust collection equipment plays a crucial role in industrial production. Currently, widely used dust collection equipment mainly includes cyclone dust collectors, wet scrubbers, electrostatic precipitators, and bag filters. Among them, bag filters are widely used due to their high dust collection efficiency, wide applicability, and stable operation. The working principle of a bag filter is to use filter bags to filter and separate dust-laden gas. When the dust-laden gas passes through the filter bags, dust particles are blocked on the surface of the filter bags, and the purified gas is discharged through the filter bags. As the filtration process continues, more and more dust gradually accumulates on the surface of the filter bags, forming a dust layer. While this dust layer can improve filtration accuracy, it also increases airflow resistance, reduces dust collection efficiency, and may even cause filter bag damage. Therefore, it is necessary to regularly clean the filter bags to remove the accumulated dust and restore the filtration performance of the filter bags. Traditional dust removal methods mainly include mechanical vibration cleaning, reverse air cleaning, and pulse jet cleaning. Among these, pulse jet cleaning is currently the most advanced and effective method. It involves instantaneously injecting high-pressure compressed air into the filter bag, using the impact force of the airflow to shake dust off the filter bag surface. However, existing pulse jet dust collectors have significant shortcomings in controlling the timing of dust removal. Most devices use timed cleaning, meaning cleaning is performed at preset time intervals. This method cannot be adjusted according to the actual dust accumulation, potentially leading to energy waste from premature cleaning or decreased dust removal efficiency from excessively late cleaning. Some devices use electrical control systems, triggering cleaning actions by detecting differential pressure signals through sensors and processing them through a controller. However, this method increases system complexity, is prone to electrical faults, has higher maintenance costs, and is limited in use in certain special environments. Utility Model Content

[0003] In view of this, the automatic dust removal device for pulse dust collectors provided by this utility model solves the technical problem in the prior art where the dust removal timing is not accurately controlled, resulting in unsatisfactory dust removal effect.

[0004] This utility model is implemented as follows: This utility model provides an automatic dust removal device for a pulse dust collector, comprising: a dust collector cylinder, a filter bag assembly, a pulse jet pipe, a compressed air tank, a mechanical triggering mechanism, and a dust discharge mechanism; the dust collector cylinder is cylindrical, with an air inlet at the top and a dust outlet at the bottom; the filter bag assembly is disposed inside the dust collector cylinder, comprising a filter bag support frame and a filter bag body, the filter bag support frame being connected to the inner wall of the dust collector cylinder by fixing bolts, and the filter bag body being fitted onto the outside of the filter bag support frame; the pulse jet pipe is located at the top of the dust collector cylinder, with its nozzle aligned with the upper opening of the filter bag assembly; the compressed air tank is connected to the pulse jet pipe via a high-pressure air pipe; the mechanical triggering mechanism comprises a trigger rod and a differential pressure diaphragm, one end of the trigger rod being connected to the differential pressure diaphragm, and the other end being connected to the valve control rod of the pulse jet pipe; the dust discharge mechanism is disposed at the bottom of the dust collector cylinder, comprising a dust hopper and a screw conveyor, the outlet of the dust hopper being connected to the feed end of the screw conveyor.

[0005] The technical advantages of the automatic dust removal device for pulse dust collectors provided by this utility model are as follows: A filter bag assembly is installed inside the dust collector cylinder for filtration and separation. Simultaneously, a pulse jet pipe, compressed air tank, and mechanical triggering mechanism form an automatic dust removal system. When the mechanical triggering mechanism detects a change in pressure difference, it automatically triggers the pulse jet pipe to spray compressed air onto the filter bag assembly, shaking the dust accumulated on the filter bag surface into the ash discharge mechanism for discharge. This achieves automated control of the dust removal process, improves dust removal efficiency, extends the service life of the filter bags, and reduces manual maintenance costs. The entire device has a compact and reasonable structure, operates stably and reliably, and meets the actual needs of industrial dust removal.

[0006] Based on the above technical solution, the automatic dust removal device for a pulse dust collector of this utility model can be further improved as follows: The dust collector cylinder includes a main wall and reinforcing rings. The main wall is a cylindrical structure made of rolled steel plate. The reinforcing rings are evenly distributed along the outer circumference of the main wall and are fixed to the main wall by welding. The wall thickness of the main wall is 8-12mm, and the cross-section of the reinforcing rings is I-shaped.

[0007] The beneficial effects of adopting the above-mentioned improvement scheme are as follows: the dust collector cylinder adopts a cylindrical structure made of rolled steel plate and is equipped with reinforcing rings. The wall thickness of the steel plate is controlled within the range of 8 mm to 12 mm. The reinforcing rings adopt an I-shaped cross section and are evenly distributed along the outer circumference of the cylinder. They are fixedly connected by welding. This structural design significantly improves the load-bearing capacity and deformation resistance of the cylinder, and can withstand the impact of internal airflow and external loads. It ensures the structural stability of the device during the high-pressure pulse cleaning process, extends the service life of the equipment, and reduces the maintenance frequency.

[0008] Furthermore, the filter bag support frame includes an upper ring plate, a lower ring plate, and connecting rods; both the upper and lower ring plates are annular steel plate structures, and the two ends of the connecting rods are welded to the upper and lower ring plates respectively; the connecting rods are evenly distributed along the circumference of the upper and lower ring plates, and the number of connecting rods is 12 to 16; the filter bag body is a cylindrical polyester fiber filter bag, with the upper end of the filter bag body open and fitted onto the upper ring plate, and the lower end of the filter bag body closed.

[0009] The beneficial effects of adopting the above-mentioned improved scheme are as follows: the filter bag support frame adopts a combination structure of upper ring plate, lower ring plate and connecting rod, the number of connecting rods is controlled to 12 to 16 and evenly distributed along the circumference, and the filter bag body is made of cylindrical polyester fiber material. This design ensures that the filter bag maintains a good cylindrical shape during operation, avoids the filter bag from collapsing or deforming due to airflow, improves the effective utilization rate of the filtration area, and at the same time, the polyester fiber material has good filtration performance and wear resistance, extends the service life of the filter bag and improves the filtration effect.

[0010] Furthermore, the pulse jet pipe includes a main pipe and jet branch pipes; the main pipe is a steel pipe with a diameter of 50-80mm, and the main pipe is arranged along the circumferential direction of the top of the dust collector cylinder; the jet branch pipe is vertically connected to the main pipe, and the lower end of the jet branch pipe is a conical nozzle; the axis of the jet branch pipe coincides with the center line of the filter bag body, and a one-way valve is provided at the connection between the jet branch pipe and the main pipe.

[0011] The beneficial effects of adopting the above-mentioned improved scheme are as follows: The pulse jet pipe adopts a graded arrangement structure of main pipe and jet branch pipe. The diameter of the main pipe is controlled within the range of 50 mm to 80 mm and is arranged along the circumference of the top of the dust collector cylinder. The jet branch pipe is vertically connected to the main pipe and its axis coincides with the center line of the filter bag. The lower end of the jet branch pipe is designed as a conical nozzle. This structure ensures that the compressed air can be evenly distributed to each filter bag position. The conical nozzle design improves the concentration and impact force of the airflow jet. The one-way valve prevents the airflow backflow and ensures the consistency and thoroughness of the dust removal effect.

[0012] Furthermore, the compressed air tank is a vertical cylindrical steel container, with a safety valve and pressure gauge at the top and a drain valve at the bottom; the high-pressure air pipe is a stainless steel corrugated pipe with an inner diameter of 25-40mm.

[0013] The beneficial effects of adopting the above-mentioned improved scheme are as follows: the compressed air tank adopts a vertical cylindrical steel container and is equipped with a safety valve, pressure gauge and drain valve. The high-pressure air pipe adopts a stainless steel corrugated pipe with an inner diameter controlled within the range of 25 mm to 40 mm. This configuration ensures a stable supply and safe use of the cleaning air source. The vertical layout saves floor space. The safety valve prevents overpressure hazards. The pressure gauge facilitates monitoring of the air source status. The drain valve is used to periodically remove water and impurities from the tank. The stainless steel corrugated pipe has good pressure resistance and flexibility, and adapts to the thermal expansion and contraction and vibration of the pipeline.

[0014] Furthermore, the mechanical triggering mechanism also includes a lever transmission assembly; the lever transmission assembly includes a fulcrum shaft, a lever arm, and a resistance arm. The fulcrum shaft is fixedly installed on the outer wall of the dust collector cylinder. The trigger rod is connected to the end of the lever arm via a hinge, and the end of the resistance arm is connected to the valve control rod of the pulse jet pipe. The differential pressure diaphragm is a circular diaphragm made of rubber, and the edge of the differential pressure diaphragm is fixed in the annular groove of the diaphragm chamber.

[0015] The beneficial effects of adopting the above-mentioned improved scheme are as follows: The mechanical triggering mechanism adopts a combination design of lever transmission components and differential pressure diaphragm. The lever system is formed by the fulcrum shaft, the lever arm and the resistance arm. The differential pressure diaphragm is a circular structure made of rubber. This mechanical triggering method does not require an electrical control system, which improves the reliability and safety of the device. The lever transmission realizes the amplification and transmission of force. The differential pressure diaphragm can sensitively sense the pressure difference between the inside and outside of the dust collector cylinder. When the pressure difference reaches the preset value, the dust removal action is automatically triggered, realizing true automated control and reducing the failure rate and maintenance costs.

[0016] Furthermore, the outer wall of the dust collector cylinder is provided with multiple longitudinal reinforcing ribs, which extend along the axial direction of the dust collector cylinder and have an L-shaped cross-section.

[0017] The beneficial effects of adopting the above-mentioned improvement scheme are as follows: the outer wall of the dust collector cylinder is provided with multiple longitudinal reinforcing ribs and adopts an L-shaped cross-section design. The reinforcing ribs extend along the axial direction of the cylinder. This structure further enhances the bending stiffness and torsional stiffness of the cylinder, effectively preventing the cylinder from undergoing local deformation or vibration under pulse impact load. The L-shaped cross-section has a large section modulus and good bending performance, which improves the structural stability of the entire device, extends the service life of the equipment, and ensures the normal operation of the dust collector under harsh working conditions.

[0018] Furthermore, the outer surface of the filter bag body is provided with corrugated pleats, which extend along the axial direction of the filter bag body, and the height difference between the crests and troughs of the corrugated pleats is 3-8mm.

[0019] The beneficial effects of adopting the above-mentioned improvement scheme are as follows: the outer surface of the filter bag body is provided with corrugated pleats that extend along the axial direction, and the height difference between the peaks and troughs is controlled within the range of 3 mm to 8 mm. This corrugated surface structure significantly increases the effective filtration area of ​​the filter bag and improves the filtration efficiency per unit volume. The corrugated pleats can also enhance the tensile strength and flexibility of the filter bag, better withstand the airflow impact during pulse cleaning, and prevent the filter bag from breaking. At the same time, the corrugated structure is conducive to dust removal and improves the cleaning effect.

[0020] Furthermore, the conical nozzle of the injection branch pipe is truncated cone-shaped, with a large end diameter of 15-25mm, a small end diameter of 8-15mm, and a cone angle of 30-60°.

[0021] The beneficial effects of adopting the above-mentioned improved scheme are as follows: The conical nozzle of the injection branch pipe adopts a truncated cone shape design, with the diameter of the large end controlled between 15 mm and 25 mm, the diameter of the small end controlled between 8 mm and 15 mm, and the cone angle controlled within the range of 30 degrees to 60 degrees. This precise control of geometric parameters ensures that the compressed air forms a high-speed concentrated airflow jet when passing through the nozzle, which improves the kinetic energy and impact force of the airflow. The conical structure causes the airflow to gradually contract from a large cross section to a small cross section. According to the principle of fluid mechanics, the pressure energy is effectively converted into kinetic energy, which greatly improves the dust removal effect.

[0022] Furthermore, the ash hopper has an inverted conical structure with a cone angle of 45-65°, and the inner wall surface of the ash hopper is made of smooth stainless steel.

[0023] The beneficial effects of adopting the above-mentioned improvement scheme are as follows: The ash hopper adopts an inverted conical structure with the cone angle controlled within the range of 45 degrees to 65 degrees, and the inner wall surface is made of smooth stainless steel. This design makes full use of gravity to promote the natural flow and discharge of dust. The cone angle range of 45 degrees to 65 degrees ensures the smooth flow of dust while avoiding the impact and wear caused by excessive steepness. The smooth stainless steel inner wall surface reduces dust adhesion and accumulation, improves ash discharge efficiency, and the stainless steel material has good corrosion resistance and wear resistance, which extends the service life of the ash hopper and reduces maintenance costs.

[0024] Compared with existing technologies, the beneficial effects of the automatic dust removal device for pulse dust collectors provided by this utility model are as follows: This utility model achieves precise automatic control of the dust collector's cleaning timing through a mechanical triggering mechanism, solving the problem that traditional dust collectors require manual judgment of the cleaning timing or rely on complex electrical control systems. The device uses a differential pressure diaphragm to sense changes in the pressure difference inside and outside the dust collector cylinder. When the dust accumulation on the filter bag surface reaches a certain level, the pressure difference increases, causing the diaphragm to deform. This automatically triggers the pulse jet pipes to spray compressed air into the filter bags through a lever transmission mechanism, thoroughly removing the accumulated dust. The mechanical control method eliminates potential electrical faults, improves system reliability, and reduces maintenance costs. The pulse jet pipes adopt a graded arrangement of main pipes and jet branch pipes, combined with a conical nozzle design, ensuring uniform distribution and efficient impact of the cleaning airflow. The filter bag assembly adopts a combination structure of a support frame and corrugated filter bags, ensuring both filtration effect and improved impact resistance. The inverted conical ash hopper design of the ash discharge mechanism utilizes gravity to achieve automatic dust discharge. The entire device has a compact structure, stable operation, and simple maintenance, which significantly improves dust removal efficiency and equipment reliability, extends the service life of filter bags, reduces operating costs, and meets the needs of industrial production for efficient and stable dust removal equipment. Attached Figure Description

[0025] To more clearly illustrate the technical solutions of the embodiments of this utility model, the drawings used in the description of the embodiments of this utility model will be briefly introduced below. Obviously, the drawings described below are only some embodiments of this utility model. For those skilled in the art, other drawings can be obtained based on these drawings without creative effort.

[0026] Figure 1 An example diagram of an automatic dust removal device for a pulse dust collector; Figure 2 This is a top view of an automatic dust removal device for a pulse dust collector; Figure 3 A perspective view of an automatic dust removal device for a pulse dust collector; The attached diagram lists the components represented by each number as follows: 10. Dust collector cylinder; 20. Filter bag assembly; 21. Filter bag support frame; 22. Filter bag body; 30. Pulse jet pipe; 50. Mechanical triggering mechanism; 51. Trigger rod; 52. Differential pressure diaphragm; 60. Ash discharge mechanism. Detailed Implementation

[0027] To make the objectives, technical solutions, and advantages of the embodiments of this utility model clearer, the technical solutions of the embodiments of this utility model will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings.

[0028] like Figures 1-3 The diagram shown is an example of an automatic dust removal device for a pulse dust collector provided by this utility model. It includes: a dust collector cylinder 10, a filter bag assembly 20, a pulse jet pipe 30, a compressed air tank, a mechanical triggering mechanism 50, and a dust discharge mechanism 60. The dust collector cylinder 10 has a cylindrical structure, with an air inlet at the top and a dust outlet at the bottom. The filter bag assembly 20 is disposed inside the dust collector cylinder 10 and includes a filter bag support frame 21 and a filter bag body 22. The filter bag support frame 21 is connected to the inner wall of the dust collector cylinder 10 by fixing bolts, and the filter bag body 22 is fitted onto the filter bag. Outside the filter bag support frame 21; the pulse jet pipe 30 is located at the top of the dust collector cylinder 10, and the nozzle of the pulse jet pipe 30 is aligned with the upper opening of the filter bag assembly 20; the compressed air tank is connected to the pulse jet pipe 30 through a high-pressure air pipe; the mechanical triggering mechanism 50 includes a trigger rod 51 and a differential pressure diaphragm 52, one end of the trigger rod 51 is connected to the differential pressure diaphragm 52, and the other end of the trigger rod 51 is connected to the valve control rod of the pulse jet pipe 30; the ash discharge mechanism 60 is located at the bottom of the dust collector cylinder 10, and the ash discharge mechanism 60 includes an ash hopper and a screw conveyor, and the outlet of the ash hopper is connected to the feed end of the screw conveyor.

[0029] The specific operation or usage method is as follows: First, install the device near the process equipment requiring dust removal. Introduce the dust-laden gas into the inlet of the dust collector cylinder through a pipeline, and simultaneously connect the purified gas outlet to subsequent treatment equipment or discharge it directly into the atmosphere. Before starting, check if the air pressure in the compressed air tank meets the working requirements; typically, the working pressure should be controlled within the range of 0.4 MPa to 0.6 MPa. Check that all connecting pipes are properly sealed and confirm that the screw conveyor of the ash removal mechanism can rotate normally. Turn on the dust-laden gas conveying fan. The dust-laden gas enters from the inlet at the top of the dust collector cylinder. During its flow inside the cylinder, it encounters the filter bag assembly, and dust particles are blocked on the outer surface of the filter bags. The purified gas passes through the filter bags into the central area of ​​the cylinder and exits from the outlet. As the filtration process continues, the amount of dust accumulated on the surface of the filter bags gradually increases, and the pressure difference between the inside and outside of the cylinder also increases accordingly. When the differential pressure reaches the preset value, the differential pressure diaphragm senses the pressure change and deforms, pushing the trigger rod to move. The trigger rod, through the lever transmission assembly, drives the valve control rod of the pulse jet pipe, causing the valve to open instantly. High-pressure air from the compressed air tank is rapidly injected into the pulse jet pipe through the high-pressure air pipe, and then impacts the inside of the filter bag in the form of a high-speed airflow through the conical nozzle of the jet branch pipe, generating strong pulse vibrations that completely shake off the dust layer accumulated on the surface of the filter bag. The dislodged dust falls into the ash hopper at the bottom under gravity and is continuously discharged outside the device by a screw conveyor. After the cleaning is completed, the differential pressure decreases, the differential pressure diaphragm automatically resets, the valve closes, and the system returns to normal filtration, awaiting the next cleaning cycle. The entire cleaning process lasts very short, usually only tens of milliseconds, and does not affect normal filtration operations. Operators only need to periodically check the air pressure of the compressed air tank, replenish compressed air in time, clean the discharged dust, and check the condition of the filter bags; essentially, unattended automatic operation can be achieved.

[0030] In the above technical solution, the dust collector cylinder 10 includes a main wall and reinforcing rings; the main wall is a cylindrical structure made of rolled steel plate, and the reinforcing rings are evenly distributed along the outer circumference of the main wall and are fixed to the main wall by welding; the wall thickness of the main wall is 8-12mm, and the cross-section of the reinforcing rings is I-shaped.

[0031] Furthermore, in the above technical solution, the filter bag support frame 21 includes an upper ring plate, a lower ring plate, and connecting rods; both the upper and lower ring plates are annular steel plate structures, and the two ends of the connecting rods are welded to the upper and lower ring plates respectively; the connecting rods are evenly distributed along the circumference of the upper and lower ring plates, and the number of connecting rods is 12 to 16; the filter bag body 22 is a cylindrical polyester fiber filter bag, the upper end of the filter bag body 22 is open and fitted onto the upper ring plate, and the lower end of the filter bag body 22 is closed.

[0032] Furthermore, in the above technical solution, the pulse jet pipe 30 includes a main pipe and a jet branch pipe; the main pipe is a steel pipe with a diameter of 50-80mm, and the main pipe is arranged along the circumferential direction of the top of the dust collector cylinder 10; the jet branch pipe is vertically connected to the main pipe, and the lower end of the jet branch pipe is a conical nozzle; the axis of the jet branch pipe coincides with the center line of the filter bag body 22, and a one-way valve is provided at the connection between the jet branch pipe and the main pipe.

[0033] Furthermore, in the above technical solution, the compressed air tank is a vertical cylindrical steel container, with a safety valve and pressure gauge at the top and a drain valve at the bottom; the high-pressure air pipe is a stainless steel corrugated pipe with an inner diameter of 25-40mm.

[0034] Furthermore, in the above technical solution, the mechanical triggering mechanism 50 also includes a lever transmission assembly; the lever transmission assembly includes a fulcrum shaft, a lever arm, and a resistance arm. The fulcrum shaft is fixedly installed on the outer wall of the dust collector cylinder 10. The trigger rod 51 is connected to the end of the lever arm via a hinge. The end of the resistance arm is connected to the valve control rod of the pulse jet pipe 30. The differential pressure diaphragm 52 is a circular diaphragm made of rubber. The edge of the differential pressure diaphragm 52 is fixed in the annular groove of the diaphragm chamber.

[0035] The diaphragm chamber is not an additional "small box," but rather a small "sandwich cavity" enclosed by three parts. This allows the rubber diaphragm to be taut in the center, like a drumhead, thus isolating the inside of the cylinder from the outside atmosphere while still sensing pressure differences. Below is a step-by-step disassembly of its components, locations, and connections for easy diagramming: Diaphragm outer pressure cap: A circular steel plate with an inner diameter slightly larger than the trigger rod diameter (allowing the rod to pass through freely). It is 8-10mm thick and has 6-8 bolt holes evenly distributed on its surface, with the center of each hole on a concentric circle.

[0036] The inner support of the diaphragm is almost identical in shape to the outer cover, also a circular steel plate, except that it has an additional "L-shaped" folded edge (or a short tube welded around it) on the outer circumference. The folded edge height is approximately equal to the diaphragm thickness plus a small amount of compression (3-4 mm). The inner support also has a central opening for the trigger rod to pass through.

[0037] Rubber diaphragm: The diameter is the same as the inner and outer covers; there is a ring of protrusions or flat surfaces around the edge, and the edge of the diaphragm is sandwiched to form an annular sealing groove.

[0038] Furthermore, in the above technical solution, the outer wall surface of the dust collector cylinder 10 is provided with multiple longitudinal reinforcing ribs, which extend along the axial direction of the dust collector cylinder 10, and the cross-section of the longitudinal reinforcing ribs is L-shaped.

[0039] From top to bottom: Air inlet - pulse jet pipe (with branch pipe and nozzle) - filter bag assembly (in the center of the cylinder) - ash hopper (inverted cone) - screw conveyor (horizontal). From outside to inside: Cylinder - longitudinal reinforcing ribs / reinforcing rings (outer wall) - filter bag support frame - filter bag body. From side to side: Compressed air tank is installed on the left side, connected to the top annular main pipe by a hose; diaphragm chamber is installed on the right side - lever - valve control rod.

[0040] Furthermore, in the above technical solution, the outer surface of the filter bag body 22 is provided with corrugated pleats, which extend along the axial direction of the filter bag body 22, and the height difference between the crests and troughs of the corrugated pleats is 3-8mm.

[0041] Furthermore, in the above technical solution, the conical nozzle of the injection branch pipe is in the shape of a truncated cone, with a large end diameter of 15-25mm, a small end diameter of 8-15mm, and a cone angle of 30-60°.

[0042] Furthermore, in the above technical solution, the ash hopper has an inverted conical structure with a cone angle of 45-65°, and the inner wall surface of the ash hopper is made of smooth stainless steel.

[0043] First embodiment: The automatic dust removal device for pulse dust collectors in this embodiment is mainly used in the clinker cooling section of cement production lines to treat the high-temperature dust-laden gas discharged from the cooler. The dust collector cylinder is a cylindrical steel structure with a diameter of 2.5 meters and a height of 4.8 meters. The main wall of the cylinder is made of high-quality Q235B carbon steel plate with a thickness of 10 mm, rolled and welded. Eight L50×5 angle steel reinforcing ribs are arranged along the axial direction on the outer wall, and five I-beam reinforcing rings are arranged along the circumference to ensure the cylinder remains stable under internal pressure and external load. An 800 mm diameter circular air inlet is located at the top of the cylinder, and a 600 mm × 600 mm square ash outlet is located at the bottom. A 600 mm diameter clean air outlet is located at the lower part of the side wall of the cylinder. The filter bag assembly uses 96 cylindrical polyester fiber filter bags, each 3.5 meters long and 150 mm in diameter. The filter bags are made of needle-punched felt, with a unit area mass of 550 grams per square meter, moderate porosity, and good filtration and temperature resistance. The filter bag support frame consists of an upper ring plate and a lower ring plate, both made of 8 mm thick steel plate with a diameter of 2.3 meters. Fourteen 25 mm diameter steel pipe connecting rods are evenly distributed along the circumference, and both ends of the connecting rods are firmly welded to the ring plate. The upper opening of each filter bag is fitted into the corresponding position on the upper ring plate and fixed and sealed with clamps, while the lower end is completely closed.

[0044] The pulse jet system comprises a 65mm diameter main pipe and 96 jet branch pipes. The main pipe, made of seamless steel tubing, is arranged in a ring at the top of the dust collector cylinder and fixed to the cylinder cover by supports. The jet branch pipes are installed vertically downwards, welded to the main pipe at the upper end and featuring conical nozzles at the lower end. These nozzles are made of stainless steel, with a large end diameter of 20mm and a small end diameter of 12mm, a cone angle of 45 degrees, and the nozzle axis precisely aligned with the centerline of the corresponding filter bag. A one-way valve is installed at the connection between each jet branch pipe and the main pipe to prevent backflow. The compressed air tank is a 5-cubic-meter vertical cylindrical steel container with a design pressure of 1.0 MPa and a working pressure of 0.5 MPa. The tank body is made of 16MnR pressure vessel steel plate, 12mm thick. A safety valve, pressure gauge, and vent valve are installed on the top of the tank, while a drain valve and support legs are located at the bottom. The high-pressure air pipe uses a 32mm inner diameter stainless steel corrugated flexible hose, the length of which is determined based on the actual layout. Pressure regulating valves and shut-off valves are installed in the pipeline. The differential pressure diaphragm of the mechanical triggering mechanism is made of natural rubber with a diameter of 200 mm and a thickness of 3 mm. The periphery of the diaphragm is fixed in an annular groove within a cast iron diaphragm chamber. One side of the diaphragm chamber is connected to the interior of the dust collector cylinder via a pipe, while the other side is open to the atmosphere. The trigger rod is made of a 16 mm diameter stainless steel rod, with one end fixedly connected to the center of the diaphragm and the other end connected to the lever arm of the lever transmission assembly via a ball joint. The fulcrum shaft of the lever transmission assembly is a 30 mm diameter steel shaft, mounted on a fixed bracket via bearings. The ratio of the lever arm to the resistance arm is 1:3, achieving force amplification and transmission.

[0045] The resistance arm is connected to the pneumatic valve control rod on the main pipeline of the pulse jet cleaning pipe. When the trigger rod pushes the resistance arm, the resistance arm drives the valve control rod to quickly open the valve. The ash hopper of the ash discharge mechanism adopts an inverted conical design, with an upper diameter of 2.4 meters, a lower diameter of 0.8 meters, and a cone angle of 55 degrees. The inner wall is made of 304 stainless steel plate with a smooth and flat surface. The screw conveyor adopts a tubular structure with a diameter of 400 mm. The screw blades are made of continuous cold-rolled steel strip rolled and welded, with a pitch of 350 mm. Continuous conveying is achieved by a motor-driven reducer. The entire unit is installed on a concrete foundation with dimensions of 3.5 m × 3.5 m × 1.2 m, using C30 concrete. Anchor bolts are pre-embedded for fixing the cylinder support. After the unit is put into operation, it can handle a dust-laden gas flow rate of 15,000 cubic meters per hour, with an inlet dust concentration of approximately 800 mg / m³ and an outlet dust concentration of less than 30 mg / m³, achieving a dust removal efficiency of over 96.25%. The mechanical triggering mechanism automatically controls the cleaning frequency based on pressure difference changes, typically cleaning every 8 to 12 minutes for approximately 100 milliseconds, effectively maintaining the filtration performance of the filter bags. The filter bags have a lifespan of over 18 months, extending it by 30% compared to traditional timed cleaning methods. The device operates stably and reliably, requiring minimal maintenance. Operators only need to check the compressed air tank pressure and ash discharge each shift, and perform a comprehensive inspection and maintenance monthly.

[0046] Second embodiment: This embodiment is an optimized design based on the first embodiment, specifically for high-temperature, high-concentration dust generated during steel smelting. The thickness of the steel plate in the dust collector cylinder is increased to 12 mm, and a refractory lining with a thickness of 50 mm is added to the inner wall. This lining utilizes a composite structure of high-alumina refractory bricks and refractory castables, capable of withstanding high-temperature gas impacts up to 300 degrees Celsius. The filter bag assembly uses polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) membrane filter bags, which have stronger high-temperature resistance and chemical corrosion resistance. The number of filter bags is increased to 120, and the length is shortened to 3.0 meters to accommodate higher dust loads. The pulse jet pipe's jet branch pipe material is upgraded to heat-resistant stainless steel, and the nozzle cone angle is adjusted to 35 degrees to improve the impact strength of the airflow. The compressed air tank volume is increased to 8 cubic meters, the working pressure is increased to 0.6 MPa, and an automatic air replenishment device is equipped to ensure a continuous and stable air supply. The differential pressure diaphragm of the mechanical triggering mechanism is made of fluororubber, offering better temperature resistance, and the diaphragm diameter is increased to 250 mm to improve the sensitivity of differential pressure sensing. The lever transmission assembly is equipped with a buffer device to prevent damage to the transmission mechanism from impact loads. The ash discharge mechanism is equipped with a pre-dust removal device, with a cyclone separator installed above the ash hopper to pre-treat large dust particles and reduce the burden on the filter bags. The screw conveyor is made of wear-resistant alloy steel with a hardened surface treatment to improve wear resistance. A heat insulation layer is added to the foundation of the entire system to prevent damage to the foundation concrete from high temperatures. It can handle a dust-laden gas flow rate of 20,000 cubic meters per hour, with an inlet dust concentration of 1200 mg / m³ and an outlet dust concentration controlled below 20 mg / m³, achieving a dust removal efficiency of over 98.3%. The cleaning frequency is automatically adjusted to once every 5 to 8 minutes based on high dust loads, effectively meeting the stringent requirements of the steel smelting process. The filter bag lifespan remains above 12 months, the annual equipment operating rate exceeds 95%, and maintenance costs are reduced by 40% compared to traditional electrostatic dust collectors, resulting in significant economic benefits.

[0047] Specifically, the principle of this invention is as follows: The device adopts an automatic control principle combining mechanical differential pressure sensing and lever transmission, achieving precise judgment and automatic execution of dust removal timing. When dust-laden gas in the dust collector cylinder passes through the filter bag assembly for filtration, dust particles gradually accumulate on the surface of the filter bag. As the amount of accumulated dust increases, the resistance of airflow through the filter bag gradually increases, leading to a continuous increase in the pressure difference across the filter bag. The differential pressure diaphragm in the mechanical triggering mechanism can sensitively sense this pressure difference change. When the pressure difference reaches a preset threshold, the diaphragm deforms under the action of the pressure difference, pushing the trigger rod connected to it to move. The trigger rod amplifies this minute displacement through the lever transmission assembly and transmits it to the valve control rod of the pulse jet pipe, causing the valve to open rapidly. High-pressure air from the compressed air tank is instantly injected into the filter bag through the high-pressure air pipe and the pulse jet pipe. The high-pressure airflow drastically changes the pressure distribution inside the filter bag in a short time, generating a strong pulse shock wave. This shock wave propagates from the inside of the filter bag outward, completely shaking off the dust layer accumulated on the surface of the filter bag. The pulse jet cleaning system employs a tiered design with main pipes and branch pipes, ensuring each filter bag receives a uniform and sufficient pulsed airflow. The conical nozzles of the branch pipes are designed based on fluid mechanics principles, effectively converting the pressure energy of compressed air into kinetic energy to form a high-speed, concentrated airflow jet, maximizing the cleaning effect. After cleaning, the detached dust falls into the ash hopper of the ash discharge mechanism under gravity and is discharged outside the device via a screw conveyor. The differential pressure diaphragm is made of rubber, possessing excellent elastic recovery characteristics; it automatically resets when the differential pressure decreases after cleaning, preparing for the next cleaning cycle. The entire process is fully automated, relying on mechanical principles without the need for any electrical components, ensuring both control precision and improved system reliability.

Claims

1. A pulse dust collector automatic ash cleaning device, characterized by, include: The dust collector comprises a dust collector cylinder, a filter bag assembly, a pulse jet nozzle, a compressed air tank, a mechanical triggering mechanism, and a dust discharge mechanism. The dust collector cylinder is cylindrical, with an air inlet at the top and a dust outlet at the bottom. The filter bag assembly is located inside the dust collector cylinder and includes a filter bag support frame and a filter bag body. The filter bag support frame is connected to the inner wall of the dust collector cylinder via bolts, and the filter bag body is fitted onto the outside of the support frame. The pulse jet nozzle is located at the top of the dust collector cylinder, with its nozzle aligned with the upper opening of the filter bag assembly. The compressed air tank is connected to the pulse jet nozzle via a high-pressure air pipe. The mechanical triggering mechanism includes a trigger rod and a differential pressure diaphragm; one end of the trigger rod is connected to the differential pressure diaphragm, and the other end is connected to the valve control rod of the pulse jet nozzle. The dust discharge mechanism is located at the bottom of the dust collector cylinder and includes a dust hopper and a screw conveyor. The outlet of the dust hopper is connected to the inlet end of the screw conveyor.

2. The automatic ash cleaning device of a pulse dust collector according to claim 1, characterized in that, The dust collector cylinder includes a main wall and reinforcing rings; the main wall is a cylindrical structure made of rolled steel plate, and the reinforcing rings are evenly distributed along the outer circumference of the main wall and are fixed to the main wall by welding; the wall thickness of the main wall is 8-12mm, and the cross-section of the reinforcing rings is I-shaped.

3. The automatic ash cleaning device of a pulse dust collector according to claim 2, characterized in that, The filter bag support frame includes an upper ring plate, a lower ring plate, and connecting rods; both the upper and lower ring plates are annular steel plate structures, and the two ends of the connecting rods are welded to the upper and lower ring plates respectively; the connecting rods are evenly distributed along the circumference of the upper and lower ring plates, and the number of connecting rods is 12 to 16; the filter bag body is a cylindrical polyester fiber filter bag, with the upper end of the filter bag body open and fitted onto the upper ring plate, and the lower end of the filter bag body closed.

4. The automatic dust removal device for a pulse dust collector according to claim 3, characterized in that, The pulse jet pipe includes a main pipe and jet branch pipes; the main pipe is a steel pipe with a diameter of 50-80mm, and the main pipe is arranged along the circumference of the top of the dust collector cylinder; the jet branch pipe is vertically connected to the main pipe, and the lower end of the jet branch pipe is a conical nozzle; the axis of the jet branch pipe coincides with the center line of the filter bag body, and a one-way valve is provided at the connection between the jet branch pipe and the main pipe.

5. The automatic dust removal device for a pulse dust collector according to claim 4, characterized in that, The compressed air tank is a vertical cylindrical steel container. The top of the compressed air tank is equipped with a safety valve and a pressure gauge, and the bottom of the compressed air tank is equipped with a drain valve. The high-pressure air pipe is a stainless steel corrugated pipe with an inner diameter of 25-40mm.

6. The automatic dust removal device for a pulse dust collector according to claim 5, characterized in that, The mechanical triggering mechanism also includes a lever transmission assembly; the lever transmission assembly includes a fulcrum shaft, a lever arm, and a resistance arm. The fulcrum shaft is fixedly installed on the outer wall of the dust collector cylinder. The trigger rod is connected to the end of the lever arm via a hinge. The end of the resistance arm is connected to the valve control rod of the pulse jet pipe. The differential pressure diaphragm is a circular diaphragm made of rubber, and the edge of the differential pressure diaphragm is fixed in the annular groove of the diaphragm chamber.

7. The automatic dust removal device for a pulse dust collector according to claim 6, characterized in that, The outer wall of the dust collector cylinder is provided with multiple longitudinal reinforcing ribs, which extend along the axial direction of the dust collector cylinder and have an L-shaped cross-section.

8. The automatic dust removal device for a pulse dust collector according to claim 7, characterized in that, The outer surface of the filter bag body is provided with corrugated pleats, which extend along the axial direction of the filter bag body. The height difference between the crests and troughs of the corrugated pleats is 3-8mm.

9. The automatic dust removal device for a pulse dust collector according to claim 8, characterized in that, The conical nozzle of the injection branch pipe is truncated cone-shaped, with a large end diameter of 15-25mm, a small end diameter of 8-15mm, and a cone angle of 30-60°.

10. The automatic dust removal device for a pulse dust collector according to claim 9, characterized in that, The ash hopper has an inverted conical structure with a cone angle of 45-65°, and the inner wall of the ash hopper is made of smooth stainless steel.

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