Lithium ion battery thermal runaway characteristic testing device

Abstract

The utility model provides lithium ion battery thermal runaway characteristic testing arrangement, including explosion -proof cabin, the lithium battery module of being located in explosion -proof cabin, the PI film heating piece and strain gauge of being pasted on lithium battery module, air cylinder, the extrusion board of being driven by air cylinder, a plurality of steel needle install on extrusion board, and the charge -discharge tester of being connected with lithium battery module, install in the temperature sensor and pressure sensor of lithium battery module inside, be located in the gas sensor of explosion -proof cabin, the steel needle is located lithium battery module just above. Comprehensive cover three big causes of lithium ion battery thermal runaway namely mechanical, heat, electrical, can study the influence of multi -factor coupling to lithium ion battery thermal runaway comprehensively, and through strain gauge, temperature sensor, pressure sensor, gas sensor, realized to thermal runaway process multi -physics quantity, high -precision real -time monitoring and data visualization, provided key data support for battery safety design and standard formulation.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This utility model relates to the field of lithium-ion battery technology, and in particular to a testing device for the thermal runaway characteristics of lithium-ion batteries. Background Technology

[0002] Lithium-ion battery thermal runaway is a chain reaction process that ultimately leads to a rapid rise in battery temperature, fire, or even explosion. The root cause is that the rate of heat generation inside the battery far exceeds the rate of heat dissipation, triggering an uncontrollable positive feedback loop. Lithium-ion battery thermal runaway can cause the battery temperature to surge from 80°C to over 800°C within seconds, accompanied by flames and explosions, causing severe consequences. Therefore, simulating lithium-ion battery thermal runaway plays a crucial guiding role in the subsequent use of lithium-ion batteries.

[0003] Simulating lithium battery thermal runaway requires reproducing the chain of exothermic reactions under abuse conditions (such as overheating, overcharging, mechanical damage, etc.) through experiments or numerical simulations. Existing technologies include related patents, but these only simulate chain-reaction reactions under single conditions. For example, patent CN 223166888 U only simulates lithium battery thermal runaway under overheating conditions, which is not comprehensive enough. Therefore, it is necessary to improve existing structures to better simulate lithium battery thermal runaway. Utility Model Content

[0004] The purpose of this invention is to disclose a lithium-ion battery thermal runaway characteristic testing device, which comprehensively covers the three major causes of lithium-ion battery thermal runaway: mechanical, thermal, and electrical. It can comprehensively study the influence of the coupling effect of multiple factors on lithium-ion battery thermal runaway. Furthermore, through strain gauges, temperature sensors, pressure sensors, and gas sensors, it achieves high-precision real-time monitoring and data visualization of multiple physical quantities in the thermal runaway process, providing key data support for battery safety design and standard setting.

[0005] To achieve the above objectives, this utility model provides a lithium-ion battery thermal runaway characteristic testing device, including an explosion-proof chamber, a lithium battery module located inside the explosion-proof chamber, a PI film heating element and strain gauge attached to the lithium battery module, a cylinder, an extrusion plate driven by the cylinder, several steel needles mounted on the extrusion plate, a charge-discharge tester connected to the lithium battery module, a temperature sensor and a pressure sensor installed inside the lithium battery module, and a gas sensor located inside the explosion-proof chamber; the steel needles are located directly above the lithium battery module.

[0006] In some embodiments, the explosion-proof compartment has a transparent explosion-proof window on its door and also includes a camera that takes pictures through the transparent explosion-proof window.

[0007] In some embodiments, an installation platform is also included, on which four L-shaped limiting blocks are movably disposed, and the lithium battery module is placed on the installation platform and fixed by the L-shaped limiting blocks.

[0008] In some embodiments, the mounting platform is provided with a plurality of grooves, and the L-shaped limiting block is provided with a protrusion, which is inserted into the groove.

[0009] In some implementations, displays are also included that are connected to the temperature sensor, pressure sensor, gas sensor, and strain gauge, respectively.

[0010] In some embodiments, a power supply device for powering the PI film heating element is also included.

[0011] In some embodiments, the explosion-proof compartment is provided with a cable passage hole.

[0012] In some embodiments, the explosion-proof compartment is equipped with a vent valve.

[0013] Compared with the prior art, the beneficial effects of this utility model are as follows: The lithium-ion battery thermal runaway characteristic testing device provided by this utility model comprehensively covers the three major causes of thermal runaway of lithium-ion batteries, namely mechanical, thermal and electrical factors. It can comprehensively study the influence of the coupling effect of multiple factors on the thermal runaway of lithium-ion batteries. Furthermore, through strain gauges, temperature sensors, pressure sensors and gas sensors, it realizes high-precision real-time monitoring and data visualization of multiple physical quantities in the thermal runaway process, providing key data support for battery safety design and standard formulation. Attached Figure Description

[0014] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of the lithium-ion battery thermal runaway characteristic testing device shown in this utility model;

[0015] Figure 2 for Figure 1 The diagram shows the structure of the installation platform. Detailed Implementation

[0016] The present invention will now be described in detail with reference to the embodiments shown in the accompanying drawings. However, it should be noted that these embodiments are not intended to limit the present invention. Equivalent transformations or substitutions in function, method, or structure made by those skilled in the art based on these embodiments are all within the protection scope of the present invention.

[0017] like Figure 1 and Figure 2 The lithium-ion battery thermal runaway characteristic testing device shown includes an explosion-proof chamber 1 and a lithium battery module 2 located inside the explosion-proof chamber 1. The explosion-proof chamber 1 is provided with a wire hole 15 for easy installation. The explosion-proof chamber 1 is also equipped with a vent valve 14 to ensure safety.

[0018] The explosion-proof chamber 1 is also equipped with an installation platform 21. Four L-shaped limiting blocks 22 are movably arranged on the installation platform 21. The lithium battery module 2 is placed on the installation platform 21 and clamped and fixed by the L-shaped limiting blocks 22 to prevent it from moving significantly during the needle puncture and squeezing process.

[0019] The mounting platform 21 has several grooves 210, and the L-shaped limiting block 22 has a protrusion 220. The protrusion 220 is inserted into the groove 210 to position the L-shaped limiting block 22. The L-shaped limiting block 22 can be arranged in a suitable position according to the size of the lithium battery module 2, which provides high flexibility.

[0020] It also includes a cylinder 3 located inside the explosion-proof chamber 1, a pressing plate 31 driven by the cylinder 3, and several steel needles 32 mounted on the pressing plate 31. The steel needles 32 are located directly above the lithium battery module 2. By applying controllable pressure through the cylinder 3 to pierce the lithium battery module 2, an internal short circuit, such as electrode contact caused by diaphragm rupture, is simulated, precisely triggering a thermal runaway reaction and reproducing a real failure scenario. This provides a highly controllable and safe experimental method for studying the thermal runaway characteristics of lithium-ion batteries.

[0021] It also includes a charge / discharge tester 7 connected to the lithium battery module 2. The conventional connection method is as follows: lithium battery module 2 → explosion-proof junction box → fast circuit breaker relay → current sensor / voltage isolator → charge / discharge tester 7. By applying specific current, voltage, or power loads such as overcharge, over-discharge, and high-current cycling to the lithium battery module 2 through the charge / discharge tester 7, it simulates thermal runaway scenarios caused by electrical abuse such as BMS failure and overheating during fast charging in actual use, providing a highly controllable and safe experimental method for studying the thermal runaway characteristics of lithium-ion batteries.

[0022] It also includes a PI film heating element 91 bonded to the lithium battery module 2, and a power supply device 9 that powers the PI film heating element 91. The PI film heating element 91 is fixed with high-temperature tape, such as polyimide tape. A fuse, such as a 10A fuse, can be installed between the PI film heating element 91 and the power supply device 9 to prevent overcurrent. By heating the lithium battery module 2 with the PI film heating element 91, the runaway conditions caused by the battery in high-temperature environments, such as summer exposure, proximity to heat sources, or internal heat accumulation, can be reproduced. This allows for precise and controllable simulation of thermal abuse scenarios, providing a highly controllable and safe experimental method for studying the thermal runaway characteristics of lithium-ion batteries.

[0023] It also includes a strain gauge 81 attached to the lithium battery module 2, and a display 8 connected to the strain gauge 81. The conventional connection method is: strain gauge 81 → Wheatstone bridge → amplifier → DAQ → display 8. The strain gauge 81 is fixed with high-temperature tape such as polyimide tape. Through the strain gauge 81, micro-strain caused by increased internal pressure and material expansion during thermal runaway can be detected, revealing the starting point of structural failure, such as the sudden increase in deformation before the battery casing ruptures; it can also quantify the correlation between puncture force and battery deformation, and assess the battery's resistance to mechanical shock.

[0024] It also includes a temperature sensor installed inside the lithium battery module 2 and a display 4 connected to the temperature sensor. The temperature sensor can directly measure the temperature of the thermal runaway chain reaction.

[0025] It also includes a pressure sensor installed inside the lithium battery module 2 and a display 5 connected to the pressure sensor. The pressure sensor can detect sudden pressure increases inside the battery caused by gas production such as electrolyte decomposition and SEI exothermic reactions, and correlate them with the severity of thermal runaway.

[0026] It also includes a gas sensor 61 located inside the explosion-proof chamber 1 and a display 6 connected to the gas sensor 61. The gas sensor 61 can detect gases with thermal runaway characteristics such as CO, CO2, H2, and HF in the explosion-proof chamber in real time, and determine the reaction stage, such as a sudden increase in CO concentration corresponding to electrolyte combustion.

[0027] Through strain gauge 81, temperature sensor, pressure sensor, gas sensor 61, and corresponding display, high-precision real-time monitoring and data visualization of multiple physical quantities during the thermal runaway process are achieved. The temperature sensor is attached to the surface / gap of the lithium battery module 2, and the pressure sensor is installed on the top of the lithium battery module 2.

[0028] Additionally, a humidity sensor 10, a microcontroller 101 connected to the humidity sensor 10, a relay module connected to the microcontroller 101, and a dehumidifier 102 and a humidifier 103 connected to the relay module can be installed inside the explosion-proof chamber 1 to study the relationship between high environmental humidity and thermal runaway. The dehumidifier 102 and the humidifier 103 are connected to the interior of the explosion-proof chamber 1 through pipes to control the humidity inside the explosion-proof chamber 1.

[0029] This patent comprehensively covers the three major causes of thermal runaway in lithium-ion batteries: mechanical, thermal, and electrical. It can comprehensively study the impact of the coupling effect of multiple factors on the thermal runaway of lithium-ion batteries. Through strain gauge 81, temperature sensor, pressure sensor, and gas sensor 61, it realizes high-precision real-time monitoring and data visualization of multiple physical quantities in the thermal runaway process, providing key data support for battery safety design and standard setting.

[0030] The detailed descriptions listed above are merely specific descriptions of feasible implementations of this utility model, and are not intended to limit the scope of protection of this utility model. All equivalent implementations or modifications made without departing from the spirit of this utility model should be included within the scope of protection of this utility model.

[0031] Furthermore, it should be understood that although this specification describes embodiments, not every embodiment contains only one independent technical solution. This narrative style is merely for clarity. Those skilled in the art should consider the specification as a whole, and the technical solutions in each embodiment can also be appropriately combined to form other embodiments that can be understood by those skilled in the art.

Claims

1. A device for testing the thermal runaway characteristics of a lithium-ion battery, characterized in that, The device includes an explosion-proof chamber, a lithium battery module located inside the explosion-proof chamber, PI film heating elements and strain gauges attached to the lithium battery module, a cylinder, an extrusion plate driven by the cylinder, several steel needles mounted on the extrusion plate, a charge / discharge tester connected to the lithium battery module, a temperature sensor and a pressure sensor installed inside the lithium battery module, and a gas sensor located inside the explosion-proof chamber; the steel needles are located directly above the lithium battery module.

2. The lithium-ion battery thermal runaway characteristic testing device according to claim 1, wherein, The explosion-proof cabin door is equipped with a transparent explosion-proof window and also includes a camera, which takes pictures through the transparent explosion-proof window.

3. The device of claim 1, wherein the device is configured to: It also includes an installation platform, on which four L-shaped limit blocks are movably arranged, and the lithium battery module is placed on the installation platform and fixed by the L-shaped limit blocks.

4. The lithium-ion battery thermal runaway characteristic testing device according to claim 3, wherein, The mounting platform is provided with several grooves, and the L-shaped limiting block is provided with a protrusion, which is inserted into the groove.

5. The device of claim 1, wherein the device is configured to: It also includes displays that are connected to the temperature sensor, pressure sensor, gas sensor, and strain gauge, respectively.

6. The device of claim 1, wherein, It also includes power supply equipment for powering the PI film heating element.

7. The device of claim 1, wherein the device is configured to: The explosion-proof compartment is equipped with a cable passage hole.

8. The device of claim 1, wherein, The explosion-proof compartment is equipped with a vent valve.

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