A vehicle-mounted reactor

Abstract

The utility model discloses a vehicle-mounted reactor relates to nuclear reaction technical field, including sealed pressure compartment, reactor and residual exhaust system, the reactor sets up in the inside of sealed pressure compartment, sealed pressure compartment with reactor passes through residual exhaust system connects, residual exhaust system with reactor carries out heat exchange, and carries out heat exchange with sealed pressure compartment. The utility model solves the technical problem of vehicle-mounted reactor heat discharge design complex, has taken place breakdown, overall reactor mass greater etc. in prior art, provides a kind of vehicle-mounted reactor with small volume, and residual heat can be discharged in vehicle movement.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This utility model relates to the field of mobile reactor technology, specifically to a vehicle-mounted reactor. Background Technology

[0002] For mobile vehicle-mounted nuclear power plants, such as vehicle-mounted reactors, how to remove heat from the reactor during transport has always been a pressing technical problem. Patent CN216528051U addresses this issue by configuring a separate cooling transport vehicle for accompanying transport; patent CN114267469A addresses it by adding a cooling device inside the vehicle's compartment. Both of these solutions face the following problems: 1. A separate cooling transport vehicle may malfunction and be unable to follow, or the integrated cooling device may fail, resulting in the inability to remove heat from the reactor during long-distance transport, potentially leading to core meltdown, radioactive material leakage, and serious safety accidents. 2. Dispersed cooling transport vehicles prevent the reactor from operating during operation, requiring complete exhaust of residual heat before transport, reducing efficiency. 3. Adding a cooling device inside the vehicle's compartment results in a larger compartment size, hindering reactor miniaturization design. Utility Model Content

[0003] The purpose of this invention is to solve the technical problems of complex heat dissipation design, malfunctions, and large overall reactor mass in existing vehicle-mounted reactors, and to provide the following technical solution:

[0004] A vehicle-mounted reactor includes: a sealed pressure chamber, a reactor, and a residual exhaust system, wherein the reactor is disposed inside the sealed pressure chamber; the sealed pressure chamber is connected to the reactor via the residual exhaust system; the residual exhaust system exchanges heat with the reactor and with the sealed pressure chamber.

[0005] The sealed pressure chamber includes an inner chamber and an outer chamber, which together form a sealed receiving cavity, and the receiving cavity is filled with a first cooling liquid; the excess discharge system exchanges heat with the first cooling liquid in the receiving cavity.

[0006] The residual heat exchanger system includes a circulation loop and a residual heat exchanger installed on the circulation loop. The residual heat exchanger is located inside the reactor and is used to exchange heat with the liquid metal coolant inside the reactor. A portion of the circulation loop is arranged in the containment cavity, and another portion extends into the reactor to complete the closed loop. The circulation loop is filled with a second cooling liquid.

[0007] The receiving cavity is provided with multiple guide plates, and any two adjacent guide plates are arranged in a parallel and staggered manner to form a serpentine channel. The circulation loop located in the receiving cavity is arranged in a serpentine manner within the serpentine channel.

[0008] Furthermore, the excess discharge system is provided in two sets.

[0009] The cavity is also provided with multiple partitions, which together divide the cavity into two interconnected areas. A set of circulation loops is arranged in each area. One end of a guide plate is fixedly connected to the partition, and one end of another adjacent guide plate is fixedly connected to the inner wall of the cavity.

[0010] Furthermore, a first circulation pump is provided inside the receiving cavity.

[0011] Preferably, the first cooling liquid is water.

[0012] Furthermore, a control valve and a second circulation pump are installed on the circulation loop.

[0013] This utility model has the following advantages:

[0014] (1) This utility model discloses a vehicle-mounted reactor, which replaces the reactor exhaust system in the prior art by providing a receiving cavity with a cooling jacket function in the sealed pressure chamber, thus solving the problem of heat dissipation in the reactor. It replaces the need for an additional transport vehicle to carry the exhaust device, enabling the vehicle-mounted reactor to be integrated into a single unit.

[0015] (2) Meanwhile, the vehicle-mounted reactor provided by this utility model uses a sealed pressure chamber for waste heat discharge, so that the vehicle-mounted reactor does not need to be equipped with an additional waste discharge device in the compartment, which optimizes the arrangement of the reactor in the compartment, thereby reducing the volume of the vehicle-mounted reactor and realizing further miniaturization of the vehicle-mounted reactor.

[0016] (3) The vehicle-mounted reactor provided by this utility model reduces the radiation dose level of the nuclear reactor device, optimizes the spatial arrangement of the shielding layer of the vehicle-mounted nuclear power device, overcomes the failure problem of the cooling system under the traditional transportation mode, effectively solves the problem of heat dissipation in the vehicle-mounted mobile reactor during transportation, and also solves the radiation protection problem of the nuclear reactor.

[0017] (4) Furthermore, the vehicle-mounted reactor provided by this utility model not only achieves waste heat discharge and reduces reactor volume, but also reduces the overall weight of the vehicle-mounted reactor by combining the shielding function of the first cooling liquid, thus achieving weight reduction.

[0018] (5) By setting up a sealed pressure chamber, a guide plate and a sealed circulation pump are installed in the sealed pressure chamber, and the cooling water in the sealed pressure chamber is pressurized. The sealed circulation pump drives the first cooling liquid in the sealed pressure chamber to circulate and exchange heat with the air, so as to achieve efficient heat exchange.

[0019] (6) This utility model proposes a vehicle-mounted reactor, which can achieve efficient waste heat discharge during the movement of the vehicle-mounted reactor, overcoming the technical problem in the prior art that the reactor waste heat must be completely discharged before transportation, saving working time and cycle, especially in the case of long-distance transportation. Attached Figure Description

[0020] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of this utility model;

[0021] Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of one of the carriage walls.

[0022] In the diagram: 1. Sealed pressure chamber, 11. Inner chamber, 12. Outer chamber, 13. Reception cavity, 14. Baffle plate, 15. Baffle plate, 16. First circulation pump, 2. Reactor, 3. Exhaust system, 31. Circulation loop, 32. Exhaust heat exchanger, 33. Control valve, 34. Second circulation pump. Detailed Implementation

[0023] The technical solutions of the present utility model will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings of the embodiments of the present utility model. Obviously, the described embodiments are only some embodiments of the present utility model, and not all embodiments.

[0024] Therefore, the following detailed description of the embodiments of this utility model is not intended to limit the scope of the claimed utility model, but merely to illustrate some embodiments of the utility model. All other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art based on the embodiments of this utility model without inventive effort are within the scope of protection of this utility model.

[0025] It should be noted that, unless otherwise specified, the embodiments and features and technical solutions in the present invention can be combined with each other.

[0026] It should be noted that similar reference numerals and letters in the following figures indicate similar items. Therefore, once an item is defined in one figure, it does not need to be further defined and explained in subsequent figures. In the description of this utility model, it should be noted that the terms "upper," "lower," etc., indicate the orientation or positional relationship based on the orientation or positional relationship shown in the figures, or the orientation or positional relationship commonly used when the product of this utility model is in use, or the orientation or positional relationship commonly understood by those skilled in the art. These terms are only for the convenience of describing this utility model and simplifying the description, and do not indicate or imply that the device or element referred to must have a specific orientation, or be constructed and operated in a specific orientation. Therefore, they should not be construed as limitations on this utility model. Furthermore, the terms "first," "second," etc., are only used to distinguish descriptions and should not be construed as indicating or implying relative importance.

[0027] See Figure 1 and Figure 2 A vehicle-mounted reactor includes: a sealed pressure chamber 1, a reactor 2, and a residual exhaust system 3. The reactor 2 is disposed inside the sealed pressure chamber 1. The sealed pressure chamber 1 is connected to the reactor 2 via the residual exhaust system 3. The residual exhaust system 3 exchanges heat with the reactor 2 and with the sealed pressure chamber 1. The reactor 2 is used to conduct a nuclear reaction. The residual exhaust system 3 exchanges heat with the reactor 2, specifically with the liquid metal coolant inside the reactor 2, cooling the liquid metal coolant. Then, the residual exhaust system 3 exchanges heat with the sealed pressure chamber 1, cooling itself. The sealed pressure chamber 1 is in contact with the external environment, and through convection between the sealed pressure chamber 1 and the surrounding air, it exchanges heat with the external environment, thereby cooling itself.

[0028] The sealed pressure chamber 1 includes an inner chamber 11 and an outer chamber 12, which together form a sealed receiving cavity 13 (i.e., a cooling jacket). The receiving cavity 13 is filled with a first cooling liquid. The residual discharge system 3 exchanges heat with the first cooling liquid within the receiving cavity 13. The sealed pressure chamber 1, with its receiving cavity 13, can not only store the first cooling liquid for heat exchange within the cavity 13, but also allows for the selection of a first cooling liquid that absorbs neutrons and photons. This enables the sealed pressure chamber 1 to shield radiation, thereby reducing the radiation dose emitted by the reactor 2 to the outside world.

[0029] Furthermore, the residual exhaust system 3 includes a circulation loop 31 and a residual exhaust heat exchanger 32 installed on the circulation loop 31. The residual exhaust heat exchanger 32 is disposed in the reactor 2 and is used to exchange heat with the liquid metal coolant in the reactor 2. A part of the circulation loop 31 is arranged in the containment cavity 13, and another part extends into the reactor 2 to complete the closed loop circulation. The circulation loop 31 is filled with a second cooling liquid. The liquid metal coolant in reactor 2 exchanges heat with the second cooling liquid in the circulation loop 31 at the exhaust heat exchanger 32, causing the liquid metal coolant to cool down and dissipate heat. The second cooling liquid in the circulation loop 31 heats up and flows in the circulation loop 31, passing through the containment chamber 13, where it exchanges heat with the first cooling liquid in the containment chamber 13, causing the second cooling liquid to cool down and dissipate heat. After the first cooling liquid heats up, it forms convection with the external environment during its flow in the containment chamber 13. Especially when the vehicle body moves, the first cooling liquid exchanges heat with the external environment, and the external environment carries away the heat of the first cooling liquid, causing the first cooling liquid to cool down.

[0030] The receiving cavity 13 is provided with multiple guide plates 14. Any two adjacent guide plates 14 are arranged in a parallel and staggered manner to form a serpentine channel. The circulation loop 31 located in the receiving cavity 13 is arranged in a serpentine manner within the serpentine channel. The guide plates 14 form interconnected channels within the receiving cavity 13, allowing the first cooling liquid to flow within the channels. This increases the heat exchange area between the circulation loop 31 and the first cooling liquid, improving the heat exchange effect. At the same time, it also improves the heat exchange efficiency between the external environment and the first cooling liquid.

[0031] Furthermore, the residual exhaust system 3 is provided in two sets. Providing two sets of residual exhaust systems 3 can improve the heat exchange efficiency and heat exchange uniformity within the reactor 2, while ensuring that the other set can be used normally in the event of a failure in one set.

[0032] The receiving cavity 13 is further provided with multiple partitions 15, which together divide the receiving cavity 13 into two interconnected areas. A set of circulation loops 31 is arranged in each area. One end of a guide plate 14 is fixedly connected to a partition 15, and one end of another adjacent guide plate 14 is fixedly connected to the inner wall of the receiving cavity 13. The arrangement of multiple partitions 15, which together divide the receiving cavity 13 into two areas, and each area can accommodate a set of circulation loops 31, avoids the problem of uneven heat exchange caused by uneven laying of circulation loops 31 when two sets of residual discharge systems 3 are installed. Simultaneously, the partitions 15 can also serve as wall panels for the guide plates 14. By staggering the staggered arrangement of one guide plate 14 fixedly connected to the partition 15 and another adjacent guide plate 14 fixedly connected to the inner wall of the receiving cavity 13, a serpentine channel conforming to the serpentine circulation loop 31 can be formed in each area, facilitating the laying of each circulation loop 31 within the receiving cavity 13.

[0033] Furthermore, a first circulation pump 16 is provided within the receiving cavity 13. The first circulation pump 16 is used to circulate the first cooling liquid.

[0034] Preferably, the first cooling liquid is water. When water is chosen as the first cooling liquid, since water can absorb neutrons and photons, the sealed pressure chamber 1 filled with water has a radiation shielding effect. This reduces the thickness of the external shielding device of the reactor 2, and unexpectedly, while meeting radiation safety requirements, it also significantly reduces the overall weight of the vehicle-mounted reactor 2. The specific reasons are as follows:

[0035] In existing technologies, the power of vehicle-mounted reactor 2 is mostly in the megawatt range. In this embodiment, the thermal power of reactor 2 is taken as 1MW, the diameter of reactor 2 is 88cm, and the height is 140cm. Under this design, the neutron dose I0 generated at the center of reactor 2 is 10. 8 mSv / h, photon dose I0 = 10 7 mSv / h,

[0036] At this point, the shielding device outside reactor 2 needs to include a neutron shield of a certain thickness and a photon shield of a certain thickness; the neutron shield is made of B4C material with a density of 2.52 g / cm³. 3 The linear attenuation coefficient of B4C for neutrons is 0.287, and Pb with a density of 11.34 g / cm³ is chosen as the photon shielding material. 3 The linear attenuation coefficient of Pb for photons is 0.46.

[0037] According to the radiation safety zoning standards, the highest dose limit on the outer wall of the sealed pressure chamber 1 of the vehicle-mounted reactor 2 is I = 0.043 mSv / h. Based on the calculation formula I = I0e... -μd, where I = the attenuated dose, I0 = the initial dose, e = 2.718 = the natural constant, μ = the linear attenuation coefficient, d = the thickness of the shielding body; substituting the above data into I0 = 10 8 mSv / h, I = 0.0215 mSv / h, e = 2.718, μ = 0.287 into the above formula, the thickness of the neutron shielding body is calculated to be approximately 80 cm; substituting I0 = 10 7 mSv / h, I = 0.0215 mSv / h, e = 2.718, μ = 0.46 into the above formula, the thickness of the photon shielding body is calculated to be approximately 45 cm. Given that the density of B4C is 2.52 g / cm 3 , and the density of Pb is 11.6 g / cm 3 , the weights of the photon shielding body and the neutron shielding body are calculated respectively, and the sum of the two is the total weight of the shielding device, which is calculated to be 80.6 t.

[0038] In the technical solution provided by the present utility model, since water is used as the first cooling liquid, the linear attenuation coefficient of water for neutrons is 0.253, and the linear attenuation coefficient for photons is 0.058. Taking the thickness of the accommodation cavity as 6 cm as an example, substituting I = 0.0215 mSv / h, e = 2.718, μ = 0.253, d = 6 cm into the above formula I = I0e -μd to calculate the neutron dose I01 before attenuation; similarly, substituting I = 0.0215 mSv / h, e = 2.718, μ = 0.058, d = 6 cm into the above formula I = I0e -μd to calculate the photon dose I02 before attenuation. Further, substituting the calculated I01, I0 = 10 8 mSv / h, e = 2.718, μ = 0.287 into the above formula to calculate the thickness d1 of the neutron shielding body, and substituting I02, I0 = 10 7 mSv / h, e = 2.718, μ = 0.46 into the above formula to calculate the thickness of the photon shielding body as d2. Given that the density of B4C is 2.52 g / cm 3 , and the density of Pb is 11.34 g / cm 3 It should be noted that there is an error in the density value of Pb in the original text you provided. It is written as 11.6 g / cm in ID=6, and the correct value in ID=21 is 11.34 g / cm. The translation is based on the corrected value in ID=21. If this is not what you intended, please let me know.The weights of the photon shield and the neutron shield were calculated separately, and their sum was the total weight of the shielding device, calculated to be 72.4t. Unexpectedly, the technical solution provided by this utility model reduces the overall weight of the vehicle-mounted reactor shielding by 10%. The waste heat dissipation method provided by this utility model, which combines the waste heat dissipation system with the sealed pressure chamber, not only allows the waste heat dissipation system and the vehicle to form a single unit, achieving the technical effect of setting up the waste heat dissipation system on the same transport vehicle without the need for an additional waste heat dissipation vehicle, but also achieves efficient heat dissipation during vehicle operation, saving work efficiency; furthermore, it reduces the weight of the vehicle-mounted reactor, realizing the miniaturization and simplification of the vehicle-mounted reactor setup.

[0039] Furthermore, a control valve 33 and a second circulation pump 34 are installed on the circulation loop 31. The second circulation pump 34 is used to circulate the second cooling liquid within the circulation loop 31. The first circulation pump 16, the second circulation pump 34, and the control valve 33 are all connected to a control box.

[0040] The working principle of this utility model is as follows:

[0041] During the residual heat discharge process after reactor 2 is shut down, the vehicle-mounted reactor 2 moves with the vehicle and starts the residual heat discharge system 3 (control valve 33 and second circulation pump 34). At this time, the liquid metal coolant in reactor 2 and the second coolant in the circulation loop 31 of the residual heat discharge system 3 exchange heat at the residual heat discharge heat exchanger 32. The liquid metal coolant cools down, and the second coolant in the circulation loop 31 heats up, carrying away the heat of the liquid metal coolant. The second cooling liquid flows in the circulation loop 31 under the action of the second circulation pump 34. When it flows through the containment cavity 13 of the sealed pressure chamber 1, it exchanges heat with the first cooling liquid (water) in the containment cavity 13. The heat of the second cooling liquid is carried away by the second cooling liquid, and the second cooling liquid heats up. Due to the movement of the vehicle, convection occurs between the external atmospheric environment and the sealed pressure chamber 1. The external atmospheric environment and the first cooling liquid (water) in the containment cavity 13 undergo heat deceleration, which carries away the heat of the first cooling liquid (water), causing the first cooling liquid (water) to cool down. Under the action of the circulation pump, the first cooling liquid (water) circulates in the containment cavity 13, causing the second cooling liquid to circulate and cool down, thereby realizing the discharge of residual heat in the reactor 2.

[0042] The above description is only a preferred embodiment of the present utility model, but the protection scope of the present utility model is not limited thereto. Any equivalent substitutions or changes made by those skilled in the art within the technical scope disclosed in the present utility model, based on the technical solution and the inventive concept of the present utility model, should be included within the protection scope of the present utility model.

Claims

1. A vehicle mounted reactor characterized by, include: The sealed pressure chamber (1), the reactor (2), and the exhaust system (3) are provided. The reactor (2) is located inside the sealed pressure chamber (1). The sealed pressure chamber (1) is connected to the reactor (2) through the exhaust system (3). The exhaust system (3) exchanges heat with the reactor (2) and simultaneously with the sealed pressure chamber (1).

2. A vehicular reactor as claimed in claim 1, wherein, The sealed pressure chamber (1) includes an inner chamber (11) and an outer chamber (12). The inner chamber (11) and the outer chamber (12) together form a sealed receiving cavity (13), which is filled with a first cooling liquid. The excess discharge system (3) exchanges heat with the first cooling liquid in the receiving cavity (13).

3. A vehicular reactor as claimed in claim 2, wherein, The exhaust system (3) includes a circulation loop (31) and an exhaust heat exchanger (32) installed on the circulation loop (31), the exhaust heat exchanger (32) being disposed within the reactor (2). Used for heat exchange with the liquid metal coolant in the reactor (2); a part of the circulation loop (31) is arranged in the containment cavity (13), and another part extends into the reactor (2) to complete the closed loop circulation; the circulation loop (31) is filled with a second cooling liquid.

4. A vehicular reactor as claimed in claim 3, wherein, The cavity (13) is provided with multiple guide plates (14), and any two adjacent guide plates (14) are arranged in parallel and staggered intervals to form a serpentine channel. The circulation loop (31) located in the cavity (13) is arranged in a serpentine manner in the serpentine channel.

5. A vehicular reactor as claimed in claim 4, wherein, The excess discharge system (3) has two sets.

6. A vehicular reactor as claimed in claim 5, wherein, The cavity (13) is also provided with multiple partitions (15), which together divide the cavity (13) into two interconnected areas. A set of circulation loops (31) is arranged in each area. One end of a guide plate (14) is fixedly connected to the partition (15), and one end of another adjacent guide plate (14) is fixedly connected to the inner wall of the cavity (13).

7. A vehicular reactor as claimed in claim 4, wherein, The receiving cavity (13) is equipped with a first circulation pump (16).

8. A vehicular reactor as claimed in claim 2, wherein, The first cooling liquid is water.

9. A vehicular reactor as claimed in claim 3, wherein, A control valve (33) and a second circulation pump (34) are installed on the circulation loop (31).

Images