An experimental device for simulating and monitoring the process of sudden drought of agricultural crops

Abstract

The utility model relates to agricultural meteorological research equipment technical field, specifically disclose an experimental device for simulating and monitoring crop drought process, including cultivation bucket main part, it is the cubic structure of top opening, is made of water -tight material, cultivation bucket main part's bottom is provided with a plurality of breathable drainage hole, breathable drainage layer is laid in cultivation bucket main body's inside bottom end and covers breathable drainage hole, breathable drainage layer from bottom to top includes leakproof soil layer and capillary block layer, can highly standardize simulating drought this fast development's drought process, has improved the repeatability of experiment and result comparability significantly, breathable drainage hole has effectively optimized the aeration and drainage of rhizosphere environment, has provided the guarantee for the normal growth of crops before drought stress, has reduced the experimental interference, the integrated automatic monitoring system has overcome the drawbacks that traditional manual measurement is inefficient, the interference is big and cannot capture continuous change.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This utility model relates to the field of agricultural meteorological research equipment technology, and specifically discloses an experimental device for simulating and monitoring the process of sudden drought in crops. Background Technology

[0002] In the field of agricultural meteorology, the study of drought events has always been a hot topic. Traditional drought research mainly relies on meteorological observation data and natural field observations, but monitoring drought events that occur in a short period of time, such as sudden droughts, is quite difficult.

[0003] Currently, large plastic or ceramic cultivation pots / buckets are widely used. These pots / buckets typically have one or two large drainage holes at the bottom, and are sometimes lined with broken tiles or pebbles to prevent soil erosion. Researchers monitor drought progress by manually measuring soil moisture content regularly (e.g., daily) using weighing methods or portable soil moisture meters. This routine method is a standard approach for studying drought stress.

[0004] However, the above-mentioned conventional methods have the following shortcomings: 1. The water loss process is uncontrollable and slow: The size and drainage design of conventional flower pots have not been optimized, and the process of soil moisture evaporation and loss may be too fast or too slow, making it impossible to standardize the core characteristics of sudden drought.

[0005] 2. Poor ventilation and drainage: The simple 1-2 drainage holes are easily clogged, and the lack of an effective ventilation layer design can easily lead to water accumulation at the bottom, oxygen deficiency in the rhizosphere, affecting the normal growth of crops and introducing additional disturbances.

[0006] 3. Moisture monitoring is inefficient and prone to interference: It relies on manual weighing or fixed-point measurement, which is time-consuming and labor-intensive, and the measurement intervals are long, making it impossible to capture continuous dynamic changes in moisture. Manual insertion measurement also disturbs the soil and root system. Summary of the Invention

[0007] This invention proposes an experimental device for simulating and monitoring the process of sudden drought in crops. It can simulate the rapidly developing drought process of sudden drought in a highly standardized manner, and significantly improves the repeatability and comparability of the results.

[0008] This invention is implemented as follows: an experimental device for simulating and monitoring sudden drought processes in crops, comprising: The main body of the cultivation bucket is a cubic structure with an open top, made of waterproof material, and the bottom of the main body of the cultivation bucket has multiple ventilation and drainage holes. A breathable and drainage layer is laid inside the bottom of the main body of the cultivation container and covers the breathable and drainage holes. The breathable and drainage layer includes a soil-proof layer and a capillary blocking layer from bottom to top. The soil moisture monitoring system includes at least one soil moisture sensor for burying in the soil inside the main body of the cultivation container, and a data logger that is communicatively connected to the soil moisture sensor.

[0009] As a preferred experimental device for simulating and monitoring the process of sudden drought in crops according to this utility model, the top opening of the main body of the cultivation barrel is a square with a side length of 30cm, and the depth of the main body of the cultivation barrel is 45-46cm.

[0010] As a preferred experimental device for simulating and monitoring sudden drought processes in crops according to this utility model, the number of the air-permeable drainage holes is nine, which are evenly distributed in a matrix of 3 rows × 3 columns.

[0011] As a preferred experimental device for simulating and monitoring the process of sudden drought in crops according to this utility model, the leak-proof soil layer is a mesh with a mesh count of not less than 80; the capillary blocking layer is composed of fine river sand or small granular ceramic particles, and its thickness is 1-3cm.

[0012] As a preferred experimental device for simulating and monitoring sudden drought processes in crops according to this utility model, the soil moisture sensor is a sensor based on FDR frequency domain reflection or TDR time domain reflection.

[0013] As a preferred experimental device of this invention for simulating and monitoring the process of sudden drought in crops, the data logger is equipped with a wireless transmission module for remotely transmitting monitoring data to a server or user terminal.

[0014] The beneficial effects of this utility model are: This device can simulate the rapidly developing drought process of sudden drought in a highly standardized manner, significantly improving the repeatability and comparability of the experiment. The aeration and drainage holes effectively optimize the aeration and drainage of the rhizosphere environment, providing a guarantee for the normal growth of crops before drought stress and reducing experimental interference. The integrated automatic monitoring system overcomes the shortcomings of traditional manual measurement, such as low efficiency, large interference, and inability to capture continuous changes, and realizes efficient, accurate, and unattended monitoring of soil moisture dynamics. Attached Figure Description

[0015] To more clearly illustrate the specific embodiments of this utility model or the technical solutions in the prior art, the drawings used in the description of the specific embodiments or the prior art will be briefly introduced below. In all the drawings, similar elements or parts are generally identified by similar reference numerals. In the drawings, the elements or parts are not necessarily drawn to scale.

[0016] Figure 1 This is a diagram showing the overall external structure of the present invention; Figure 2This is a diagram showing the overall internal structure of this utility model; Figure 3 This is a structural diagram of the bottom of the main body of the cultivation bucket of this utility model.

[0017] The markings in the diagram are: 1. Main body of the cultivation container; 2. Ventilation and drainage holes; 3. Soil-proof layer; 4. Capillary blocking layer; 5. Soil moisture sensor; 6. Data logger. Detailed Implementation

[0018] The present invention will be further described below with reference to the accompanying drawings and specific embodiments to aid in understanding its content. Unless otherwise specified, the methods used in this invention are conventional methods; the raw materials and apparatus used, unless otherwise specified, are conventional commercially available products.

[0019] Please see Figure 1-3 An experimental apparatus for simulating and monitoring sudden drought processes in crops, comprising: The main body of the cultivation bucket 1 is a cubic structure with an open top, made of waterproof material, and the bottom of the main body of the cultivation bucket 1 has multiple ventilation and drainage holes 2. A breathable and drainage layer is laid at the bottom of the interior of the main body 1 of the cultivation container and covers the breathable and drainage holes 2. The breathable and drainage layer includes a soil-proof layer 3 and a capillary blocking layer 4 from bottom to top. The soil moisture monitoring system includes at least one soil moisture sensor 5 for burying in the soil inside the main body 1 of the cultivation container, and a data logger 6 that is communicatively connected to the soil moisture sensor 5.

[0020] In this embodiment: a standardized soil volume is defined by the main body 1 of the cultivation bucket. The bucket is made of impermeable material to ensure that water is discharged only through evaporation from the soil surface and drainage from the bottom, thereby controlling a single variable. Multiple evenly distributed air and drainage holes 2 are opened at the bottom of the bucket and covered with a composite air and drainage layer composed of a leak-proof soil layer 3 and a capillary blocking layer 4. The leak-proof soil layer 3 prevents soil loss, while the physical properties of the capillary blocking layer 4 block the capillary action of the soil to prevent water loss too quickly and form air channels, thereby achieving the effect of rapid and uniform drainage and good root aeration. An integrated soil moisture monitoring system is used, with soil moisture sensors 5 pre-buried in the main root zone of the crop and connected to a data logger 6 through wires to achieve continuous automatic data acquisition based on the FDR or TDR principle. Ultimately, it can standardize and repeatably simulate the complete drought process from normal water supply to crop wilting in about 14 days, and can capture the dynamic change curve of soil moisture in real time with high temporal resolution. It effectively solves the technical problems of uncontrollable water loss process, poor rhizosphere environment, low monitoring efficiency and large interference in traditional methods.

[0021] As a technical optimization of this utility model, the top opening of the cultivation bucket body 1 is a square with a side length of 30cm, and the depth of the cultivation bucket body 1 is 45-46cm.

[0022] In this embodiment, the top opening of the main body 1 of the cultivation bucket is defined as a square with a side length of 30 cm and a depth of 45 to 46 cm. This specific size determines the ratio of soil volume to surface area inside the device, thereby precisely controlling the rate of soil moisture consumption. It can reliably reduce soil moisture from field capacity to wilting point within a critical time window of about 14 days after water supply is stopped, perfectly simulating the core characteristics of sudden drought with strong suddenness and rapid development, and ensuring the standardization and repeatability of the experiment.

[0023] As a technical optimization of this utility model, the number of breathable drainage holes 2 is 9, which are evenly distributed in a matrix of 3 rows × 3 columns.

[0024] In this embodiment, the number of ventilation and drainage holes 2 is set to 9 and evenly distributed at the bottom of the bucket in a matrix of 3 rows by 3 columns. This ensures the uniformity of the drainage area, avoids drainage dead spots, achieves rapid and uniform drainage, prevents local water accumulation, and creates a more breathable environment for crop roots that is closer to the actual field conditions.

[0025] As a technical optimization of this utility model, the anti-leakage soil layer 3 is a mesh with a mesh count of not less than 80; the capillary blocking layer 4 is composed of fine river sand or small ceramsite particles, with a thickness of 1-3cm.

[0026] In this embodiment: the leak-proof soil layer 3 is a high-mesh mesh to effectively intercept fine soil particles, while the capillary blocking layer 4 is composed of fine river sand or ceramsite and its thickness is controlled to be 1 to 3 cm. The large pores between the sand or ceramsite block the rapid infiltration of capillary water in the soil and form a stable ventilation channel. This prevents water from being lost too quickly by gravity alone, thus prolonging the observable time of drought development. It also ensures the oxygen supply in the root area and avoids the root hypoxia problem that is prone to occur in traditional devices.

[0027] As a technical optimization of this utility model, the soil moisture sensor 5 is a sensor based on FDR frequency domain reflection or TDR time domain reflection.

[0028] In this embodiment, the soil moisture sensor 5 adopts a measurement technology based on electromagnetic wave propagation characteristics (FDR / TDR). This type of sensor has high accuracy and good stability, and can provide accurate and reliable volumetric water content data, providing a high-quality data foundation for the study of sudden drought.

[0029] As a technical optimization of this utility model, the data logger 6 is equipped with a wireless transmission module for remotely transmitting monitoring data to a server or user terminal.

[0030] In this embodiment, a wireless transmission module (such as 4G or Wi-Fi) is integrated inside the data logger 6, enabling remote and real-time transmission and access to monitoring data. This allows researchers to monitor multiple parallel experiments unattended, greatly improving experimental efficiency and the convenience of data acquisition.

[0031] The working principle and usage process of this utility model are as follows: First, a leak-proof soil layer 3 is laid at the bottom of the cultivation container body 1, completely covering all the air and drainage holes 2. Then, a capillary blocking layer 4 of a specified thickness is laid on top of the leak-proof soil layer 3 to complete the construction of the air and drainage layer. Next, experimental soil is filled into the cultivation container body 1. During the filling process, the soil moisture sensor 5 is vertically inserted and fixed at a preset depth (such as the main root distribution layer). The soil moisture sensor 5 is correctly connected to the data logger 6 via wires, and the system is started. Crops are planted and cultivated normally to the required growth stage. When a simulated drought begins, water supply to the device is stopped. At this time, the moisture in the soil is mainly absorbed through crop transpiration. As the soil surface gradually evaporates and loses moisture, the rate of moisture reduction is controlled by the specific dimensions of the cultivation container 1. At the same time, the bottom permeable drainage layer ensures that excess water is discharged smoothly and the root environment is well aerated. Throughout the drought, the soil moisture sensor 5 continuously monitors physical parameters such as soil dielectric constant and converts them into volumetric water content data. The data logger 6 automatically records and stores this data at set time intervals (such as every minute). If equipped with a wireless module, the data is also uploaded to the cloud. Researchers can remotely view the continuous curve of soil moisture changing over time in real time until the soil moisture content drops to the point where the crop wilts, thus fully recording and analyzing the entire picture of this sudden drought event.

[0032] In the description of this utility model, it should be understood that the terms "left", "right", "up", "down", "top", "bottom", "front", "back", "inner", "outer", "back", "middle", etc., indicate the orientation or positional relationship based on the orientation or positional relationship shown in the accompanying drawings. They are only for the convenience of describing this utility model and simplifying the description, and do not indicate or imply that the device or element referred to must have a specific orientation, or be constructed and operated in a specific orientation. Therefore, they should not be construed as limitations on this utility model.

[0033] However, the above description is only a specific embodiment of this utility model and should not be construed as limiting the scope of implementation of this utility model. Therefore, any substitution of equivalent components or equivalent changes and modifications made in accordance with the scope of protection of this utility model should still fall within the scope of the claims of this utility model.

Claims

1. An experimental apparatus for simulating and monitoring sudden drought processes in crops, characterized in that, include: The main body of the cultivation bucket (1) is a cubic structure with an open top, made of waterproof material, and the bottom of the main body of the cultivation bucket (1) is provided with multiple ventilation and drainage holes (2). A breathable and drainage layer is laid at the bottom of the inside of the cultivation container body (1) and covers the breathable and drainage holes (2). The breathable and drainage layer includes a soil-proof layer (3) and a capillary blocking layer (4) from bottom to top. The soil moisture monitoring system includes at least one soil moisture sensor (5) for burying in the soil inside the main body (1) of the cultivation container, and a data logger (6) that is communicatively connected to the soil moisture sensor (5).

2. The experimental apparatus for simulating and monitoring sudden drought processes in crops according to claim 1, characterized in that: The top opening of the cultivation bucket body (1) is a square with a side length of 30cm, and the depth of the cultivation bucket body (1) is 45-46cm.

3. The experimental apparatus for simulating and monitoring sudden drought processes in crops according to claim 1, characterized in that: The number of the breathable drainage holes (2) is 9, and they are evenly distributed in a matrix of 3 rows × 3 columns.

4. The experimental apparatus for simulating and monitoring sudden drought processes in crops according to claim 1, characterized in that: The leak-proof soil layer (3) is a mesh with a mesh count of not less than 80; the capillary blocking layer (4) is composed of fine river sand or small granular ceramic particles, with a thickness of 1-3cm.

5. An experimental apparatus for simulating and monitoring sudden drought processes in crops according to claim 1, characterized in that: The soil moisture sensor (5) is a sensor based on FDR frequency domain reflection or TDR time domain reflection.

6. The experimental apparatus for simulating and monitoring sudden drought processes in crops according to claim 1, characterized in that: The data logger (6) is equipped with a wireless transmission module for remotely transmitting monitoring data to a server or user terminal.

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