A high-cold mountainous slope section cutting type frozen soil roadbed composite monitoring system

Abstract

The utility model discloses a kind of high-cold mountainous area slope section cutting type frozen soil roadbed composite monitoring systems, including connected information monitoring unit and information transmission unit, the information monitoring unit includes several hygrothermograph and several frost heaving meter, the hygrothermograph and frost heaving meter are installed in the frozen soil layer inside of monitoring section and are all connected by data acquisition line, several data acquisition lines are summarized as data acquisition bus, the data acquisition bus is connected to information transmission unit;The information transmission unit includes battery connected with information monitoring unit;The battery is connected with solar panel by solar power supply line. The system provided by the utility model can monitor the temperature, moisture, deformation of underlying frozen soil of roadbed in real time, ensure that even in the case of weak signal, data can be collected in time, and continuous monitoring can be carried out during roadbed construction and operation period.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This utility model belongs to the field of roadbed engineering monitoring technology, specifically relating to a composite monitoring system for frozen soil roadbeds in sloping sections of high-altitude and cold mountainous areas. Background Technology

[0002] In recent years, engineering construction has increasingly penetrated into high-altitude and cold regions, with a large number of road projects being carried out in permafrost areas. Due to the widespread distribution of permafrost, highway construction cannot avoid this challenge. Although road construction in permafrost regions has a long history, frost heave and thaw settlement deformation remain serious problems. To address these issues in permafrost highways, establishing a temperature, moisture, and deformation monitoring system for cut-type permafrost subgrades on typical cross-sections in high-altitude mountainous slopes is a crucial means of ensuring the long-term service performance of the subgrade. Complete subgrade temperature, moisture, and deformation monitoring systems are widely used in practical engineering projects. Their main function is to continuously provide technical personnel with subgrade temperature field data during construction and operation, demonstrating significant practical value.

[0003] Regarding the above description of temperature field monitoring systems for roadbed engineering in cold regions, the following problems remain unresolved: 1. The monitoring system is significantly limited in areas without signal coverage, with most data collection relying on manual methods; 2. Studies on the temperature field of wide roadbeds in high-altitude cold mountainous areas primarily employ numerical analysis, with limited data on moisture and deformation monitoring, and field monitoring of wide cut-type roadbeds on slopes is even rarer; 3. When deploying temperature and humidity timers, probes may not be able to penetrate firmly into the soil, resulting in significant errors due to exposure to cavities; 4. When deploying deformation timers, most measurements focus on shallow relative deformation, making it difficult to assess the overall deformation of the roadbed; 5. When deployed after excavation, these timers are easily damaged during construction, making protection difficult. Utility Model Content

[0004] The purpose of this utility model is to provide a composite monitoring system for frozen soil subgrade in sloping sections of high-altitude and cold mountainous areas, in order to overcome the shortcomings of existing monitoring systems, such as the lack of comprehensive on-site monitoring of temperature, moisture and deformation of wide-slope frozen soil subgrade in sloping sections, the inability of thermometer and hygrometer probes to be firmly inserted into the soil, the difficulty of deformation gauges to reflect the overall deformation of the subgrade and the difficulty in protection.

[0005] To achieve the above objectives, the present invention adopts the following technical solution: A composite monitoring system for permafrost subgrade in sloping sections of high-altitude and cold mountainous areas includes an information monitoring unit and an information transmission unit. The information monitoring unit includes several thermometers and hygrometers and several frost heave meters. The thermometers, hygrometers, and frost heave meters are all installed inside the permafrost layer of the monitoring section and are all connected by data acquisition lines. The several data acquisition lines are combined into a data acquisition bus, which is connected to the information transmission unit. The information transmission unit includes a battery connected to the information monitoring unit. The battery is connected to a solar panel via a solar power supply line.

[0006] Furthermore, the information transmission unit includes a data cable connected to a data acquisition bus, the data cable being connected to a data acquisition unit via a system bus, the data acquisition unit being connected to a wireless transmitter via an information transmission data line, and the wireless transmitter being connected to a signal antenna via a signal transmission data line.

[0007] Furthermore, the thermometer, hygrometer, data cable, data acquisition unit, and wireless transmitter are all connected to the battery via a battery power supply cable.

[0008] Furthermore, the temperature and humidity meter includes a temperature and humidity sensor, and probes and data acquisition lines are respectively provided on different sides of the temperature and humidity sensor.

[0009] Furthermore, the frost heave gauge includes a deformation sensor, with an extended measuring rod and a flange respectively provided on different sides of the deformation sensor, and a data acquisition line is also connected to the deformation sensor.

[0010] Furthermore, the data cable, data collector, wireless transmitter, and battery are all housed in a sealed enclosure located at the roadbed slope.

[0011] Furthermore, the solar panel is mounted on top of the sealed casing via a bracket.

[0012] Furthermore, the data acquisition bus is externally equipped with a PVC pipe and filled with sand.

[0013] Furthermore, the battery is placed at the bottom of the sealed chassis, and an isolation device is provided between the battery and the sealed chassis.

[0014] Furthermore, the thermometer and hygrometer are inserted into the frozen soil layer of the monitoring section to a depth of 5.5m, and the frost heave meter is inserted into the frozen soil layer of the monitoring section to a depth of 12m.

[0015] Compared with the prior art, the present invention has the following beneficial technical effects: This invention provides a composite monitoring system for frozen soil subgrade in sloping sections of roadbeds in high-altitude and cold mountainous areas. Targeting frost heave and thaw settlement issues in these subgrades, the system involves drilling holes in the lower part of the frozen soil layer and installing thermometers, hygrometers, and frost heave meters to monitor the temperature, moisture, and deformation of the subgrade. Based on the hydrothermal coupling mechanism, the system comprehensively analyzes the causes and severity of frost heave and deformation, providing theoretical and data support for maintenance and remediation. The system can monitor changes in subgrade temperature, moisture, and deformation, and provides comprehensive grading and early warning of subgrade defects based on changes in the upper limit of permafrost, moisture content, and deformation. The system provides real-time monitoring of the temperature, moisture, and deformation of the underlying frozen soil, ensuring timely data collection even under weak signal conditions, and enabling continuous monitoring during roadbed construction and operation.

[0016] Furthermore, by connecting a thermometer, hygrometer, frost heave meter, and data cable, automatic data collection can be achieved, and data can be transmitted wirelessly, thus saving manpower and enabling rapid analysis and judgment. Attached Figure Description

[0017] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of a composite monitoring system for frozen soil subgrade in a high-altitude mountainous area with a sloping section.

[0018] Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram showing the arrangement of the hygrometer and frost heave meter components in an embodiment of this utility model.

[0019] Figure 3 This is a partial schematic diagram of the information transmission unit in an embodiment of this utility model.

[0020] Figure 4 This is a schematic diagram of the overall information monitoring unit in an embodiment of this utility model.

[0021] Figure 5 This is a schematic diagram of the thermometer and hygrometer structure in an embodiment of this utility model.

[0022] Figure 6 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of the frost heave meter in an embodiment of this utility model.

[0023] In the diagram, 1. Information monitoring unit; 2. Information transmission unit; 3. Frozen soil; 4. Left high slope; 5. Snow accumulation platform; 6. Left lane center; 7. Right lane center; 8. Right slope toe; 9. Thermometer and hygrometer; 10. Frost heave meter; 11. Data acquisition line; 12. Sealed enclosure; 13. Data acquisition bus; 14. Battery; 15. Data cable; 16. Data acquisition device; 17. Wireless transmitter; 18. Signal antenna; 19. Concrete pier; 20. System bus; 21. Solar power supply line; 22. Battery power supply line; 23. Information transmission data line; 24. Signal transmission data line; 25. Solar panel; 26. Flange; 27. Deformation sensor; 28. Extended measuring rod; 29. ​​Probe; 30. Thermometer and hygrometer. Detailed Implementation

[0024] In the following description, only certain exemplary embodiments are briefly described. As those skilled in the art will recognize, the described embodiments can be modified in various ways without departing from the spirit or scope of this invention. Therefore, the drawings and description are considered exemplary in nature and not restrictive.

[0025] In the description of this utility model, it should be understood that the terms "center", "longitudinal", "transverse", "length", "width", "thickness", "upper", "lower", "front", "rear", "left", "right", "vertical", "horizontal", "top", "bottom", "inner", "outer", "clockwise", "counterclockwise", "axial", "radial", "circumferential", etc., indicating the orientation or positional relationship are based on the orientation or positional relationship shown in the accompanying drawings, and are only for the convenience of describing this utility model and simplifying the description, and are not intended to indicate or imply that the device or element referred to must have a specific orientation, or be constructed and operated in a specific orientation, and therefore should not be construed as a limitation of this utility model.

[0026] Furthermore, the terms "first" and "second" are used for descriptive purposes only and should not be construed as indicating or implying relative importance or implicitly specifying the number of technical features indicated. Thus, a feature defined as "first" or "second" may explicitly or implicitly include one or more of that feature. In the description of this utility model, "a plurality of" means two or more, unless otherwise explicitly specified.

[0027] In this utility model, unless otherwise explicitly specified and limited, the terms "installation," "connection," "linking," and "fixing," etc., should be interpreted broadly. For example, they can refer to a fixed connection, a detachable connection, or an integral part; they can refer to a mechanical connection, an electrical connection, or a communication connection; they can refer to a direct connection or an indirect connection through an intermediate medium; they can refer to the internal communication of two components or the interaction between two components. Those skilled in the art can understand the specific meaning of the above terms in this utility model according to the specific circumstances.

[0028] In this invention, unless otherwise explicitly specified and limited, "above" or "below" the second feature can include direct contact between the first and second features, or contact between the first and second features through another feature between them. Furthermore, "above," "over," and "on top" of the second feature includes the first feature directly above or diagonally above the second feature, or simply indicates that the first feature is at a higher horizontal level than the second feature. "Below," "below," and "under" the second feature includes the first feature directly above or diagonally above the second feature, or simply indicates that the first feature is at a lower horizontal level than the second feature.

[0029] It should be understood that, when used in this specification and the appended claims, the terms "comprising" and "including" indicate the presence of the described features, integrals, steps, operations, elements and / or components, but do not exclude the presence or addition of one or more other features, integrals, steps, operations, elements, components and / or collections thereof.

[0030] It should also be understood that the terminology used in this specification is for the purpose of describing particular embodiments only and is not intended to limit the scope of the invention. As used in this specification and the appended claims, the singular forms “a,” “an,” and “the” are intended to include the plural forms unless the context clearly indicates otherwise.

[0031] It should also be further understood that the term "and / or" as used in this specification and the appended claims refers to any combination of one or more of the associated listed items and all possible combinations, and includes such combinations.

[0032] The accompanying drawings show various structural schematic diagrams according to embodiments of the present invention. These drawings are not to scale, and some details have been enlarged and may have been omitted for clarity. The shapes of the various regions and layers shown in the drawings, as well as their relative sizes and positional relationships, are merely exemplary and may deviate from reality due to manufacturing tolerances or technical limitations. Furthermore, those skilled in the art can design regions / layers with different shapes, sizes, and relative positions as needed.

[0033] See Figure 1 This utility model provides a composite monitoring system for cut-type frozen soil subgrade on sloping sections in high-altitude and cold mountainous areas. It is applicable to harsh geological conditions such as high-altitude and cold mountainous areas and is suitable for monitoring and early warning of frost heave and thaw settlement diseases in cut-type frozen soil subgrade on sloping sections of permafrost. The entire system consists of two parts: an information monitoring unit 1 and an information transmission unit 2, which are connected via a data acquisition bus 13. The information monitoring unit 1 is located at a selected section of the cut-type frozen soil subgrade on the sloping section, while the information transmission unit 2 is located at an open area on the subgrade slope. Specifically, the information transmission unit 2 can be fixed to a concrete pier 19.

[0034] Specifically, the information monitoring unit 1 includes a thermometer and hygrometer 9, a frost heave meter 10, a data acquisition line 11, and a data acquisition bus 13. The thermometer and hygrometer 9 and the frost heave meter 10 are buried in the frozen soil under the designated cross section of the roadbed. The monitoring cross section should be selected from sections with special geological conditions, prone to disease, and representative. See Figure 1 and Figure 2 Several thermometers and hygrometers 9 and several frost heave meters 10 are installed inside the frozen soil 3 of the monitoring section and are connected by data acquisition lines 11. The several data acquisition lines 11 are combined into a data acquisition bus 13, which is connected to the information transmission unit 2. The data acquisition bus 13 is used to centrally transmit the monitoring data of multiple data acquisition lines 11. The information transmission unit 2 includes a battery 14 connected to the information monitoring unit 1. The battery 14 is connected to a solar panel 25 through a solar power supply line 21. The solar panel 25 is used to convert solar energy into electrical energy and transmit it to the battery 14 for storage through the solar power supply line 21.

[0035] See Figure 3 and Figure 4In one specific embodiment of this utility model, the information transmission unit 2 includes a data aggregation unit 15 connected to the data acquisition bus 13. The data aggregation unit 15 is used to aggregate and integrate the scattered data transmitted by the data acquisition bus 13. The data aggregation unit 15 is connected to a data acquisition unit 16 through the system bus 20. The data acquisition unit 16 is used to store and perform preliminary processing on the integrated monitoring data. The data acquisition unit 16 is connected to a wireless transmitter 17 through an information transmission data line 23. The wireless transmitter 17 is used to convert the processed monitoring data into wireless signals. The wireless transmitter 17 is connected to a signal antenna 18 through a signal transmission data line 24. The signal antenna 18 is used to enhance the transmission strength and transmission distance of the wireless signal.

[0036] The thermometer and hygrometer 9, the frost heave meter 10, the data cable 15, the data acquisition unit 16, and the wireless transmitter 17 are all connected to the battery 14 via the battery power supply line 22; the battery 14 provides the operating power for the above-mentioned electrical components.

[0037] See Figure 2 , Figure 5 and Figure 6 In one specific embodiment of this utility model, the temperature and humidity meter 9 includes a temperature and humidity sensor 30, which is the core component for acquiring temperature and humidity data. The temperature and humidity sensor 30 has a probe 29 and a data acquisition line 11 respectively on different sides. The probe 29 is used to penetrate deep into the frozen soil to contact the monitoring environment and obtain accurate temperature and humidity information. The frost heave meter 10 includes a deformation sensor 27, which is the core element for sensing the amount of frozen soil deformation. The deformation sensor 27 has an extended measuring rod 28 and a flange 26 respectively on different sides. The extended measuring rod 28 is used to extend the monitoring range to adapt to frozen soil deformation monitoring at different depths. The flange 26 is used to stably fix the frost heave meter 10 at the monitoring position. The deformation sensor 27 is also connected to the data acquisition line 11. In actual application, five holes are drilled in the frozen soil 3 of the monitoring section: left high slope 4, snow platform 5, left road center 6, right road center 7, and right slope toe 8. A thermometer and hygrometer 9 and a frost heave meter 10 are placed in each of the five holes. The drilling depth of the thermometer and hygrometer 9 is 5.5m, and the drilling depth of the frost heave meter 10 is 12m. The extended measuring rod 28 extends to the bottom of the hole at a depth of 12m to measure the total deformation of the roadbed. The position and depth of the drilling can be adjusted appropriately according to the specific engineering conditions. In a more preferred embodiment of this invention, the data cable 15, data collector 16, wireless transmitter 17, and battery 14 are all housed within a sealed enclosure 12, which is located on a roadbed slope. In practical applications, the information transmission unit 2 is fixed to a concrete pier 18 for stability and to prevent damage from strong winds. Specifically, the sealed enclosure 12 is bolted to the concrete pier 18. The solar panel 25 is mounted on top of the sealed enclosure 12 via a bracket. The battery 14 is placed at the bottom inside the sealed enclosure 12, and an isolation device is provided between the battery 14 and the enclosure 12. Specifically, the isolation device is foam, which is used to pad the bottom of the battery 14 to ensure that the battery 14 remains dry. The battery 14, solar power cable 21, and solar panel 25 enable power supply to the equipment in high-altitude, cold mountainous areas where there is a lack of electricity.

[0038] In a more preferred embodiment of this utility model, the thermometer and hygrometer 9 is installed in the borehole. After the thermometer and hygrometer 9 at the deepest point is placed, the raw materials are immediately added to the fine sand and slowly filled to the next burial depth. The soil is then vibrated with a long stick. After that, the next thermometer and hygrometer 9 is buried. The operation is repeated until all are completed, ensuring that the probe 29 of the thermometer and hygrometer 9 is closely inserted into the surrounding frozen soil 3.

[0039] In a more preferred embodiment of this utility model, the frost heave gauge 10 is installed in a drilled hole. First, the pre-assembled extended measuring rod 28 is inserted into the bottom of the drilled hole, and the deformation sensor 27 is assembled. Then, fine sand is added on-site and slowly filled, and a long rod is used for vibration. After the hole is filled, the flange 26 is assembled and compacted. In a more preferred embodiment of this utility model, all data acquisition lines 11 are organized into a data acquisition bus 13. The data acquisition bus 13 is initially protected by filling PVC pipe with sand, and then the PVC pipe is covered with sand for protection, with a covering thickness of not less than 15cm.

[0040] Specifically, the thermometer and hygrometer 9 is model YTDY0102, the frost heave meter 10 is model YTDG0120, the data cable 15 is model YTZD0308, the data collector 16 is model YTZD01, and the wireless transmitter 17 is model YTZD02.

[0041] A method for using a composite monitoring system for frozen soil subgrade in sloping sections of high-altitude and cold mountainous areas, specifically including: Site selection and installation of information monitoring unit 1; Based on geological data and field investigations, monitoring sections for the permafrost subgrade in the sloping sections are established, generally at locations with higher slopes and more severe water accumulation in the subgrade after excavation. When drilling, boreholes with retaining walls are used as much as possible to prevent borehole collapse due to permafrost thawing. Five borehole locations are set up in the subgrade: 4 on the left high slope, 5 on the snow-covered platform, 6 in the middle of the left lane, 7 in the middle of the right lane, and 8 at the right slope toe. Soil thermometers and hygrometers are installed at depths of 1.5m, 3.5m, and 5.5m below the subgrade to monitor the temperature and moisture content of the permafrost subgrade in the sloping sections of the high-altitude mountainous area. The borehole depth generally extends below the upper limit of the natural permafrost. Deformation sensors 27 with temperature measurement functions are installed on the upper surfaces of the left high slope, snow-covered platform, left lane, middle of the 6th, and right lane, with extended measuring rods 28 extending to the bottom of the borehole at a depth of 12m to best represent the temperature, moisture, and deformation changes of the underlying permafrost.

[0042] Installation of information transmission unit 2; Information transmission unit 2 is located in an open area on the roadbed slope. A mounting bracket is placed on a precast concrete pier 19, and a sealed enclosure 12 is erected. Solar panels 25 are assembled, and their brackets are installed on the sealed enclosure 12. A storage battery 14 is installed, and various wires are connected to the data cable 15, data collector 16, and wireless transmitter 17. The signal antenna 18 is fixed on the sealed enclosure 12. The equipment's data acquisition and transmission system only uses power during data acquisition; otherwise, it remains in a dormant state, thus reducing power consumption. In extreme weather conditions with no sunlight, the battery can provide power for approximately two months. When the battery is depleted, the system enters a dormant state and automatically restarts when the solar power charges the battery to a certain level, thus resolving power shortage issues. Furthermore, the battery should be replaced after one to two years of use.

[0043] On-site monitoring data is collected by data acquisition unit 16 and transmitted to information transmission unit 2. In view of the inconvenient transportation and poor signal in high-altitude and cold mountainous areas, the data is transmitted through the Beidou satellite system, which can realize long-distance information collection and transmission, facilitate data acquisition and analysis at any time, and can collect information data at the same time during construction and operation.

[0044] The foregoing has shown and described the basic principles, main features, and advantages of this utility model. Those skilled in the art should understand that this utility model is not limited to the above embodiments. The embodiments and descriptions in the specification are merely preferred examples and are not intended to limit the utility model. Various changes and modifications can be made to this utility model without departing from its spirit and scope, and all such changes and modifications fall within the scope of the claimed utility model. The scope of protection of this utility model is defined by the appended claims and their equivalents.

Claims

1. A composite monitoring system for frozen soil subgrade in sloping sections of high-altitude and cold mountainous areas, characterized in that, The system includes a connected information monitoring unit (1) and an information transmission unit (2). The information monitoring unit (1) includes several thermometers (9) and several frost heave meters (10). The thermometers (9) and frost heave meters (10) are all installed inside the frozen soil (3) of the monitoring section and are all connected by data acquisition lines (11). The several data acquisition lines (11) are combined into a data acquisition bus (13), which is connected to the information transmission unit (2). The information transmission unit (2) includes a battery (14) connected to the information monitoring unit (1). The battery (14) is connected to a solar panel (25) via a solar power supply line (21).

2. The composite monitoring system for frozen soil subgrade in sloping sections of high-altitude and cold mountainous areas according to claim 1, characterized in that, The information transmission unit (2) includes a data cable (15) connected to the data acquisition bus (13). The data cable (15) is connected to a data acquisition unit (16) via a system bus (20). The data acquisition unit (16) is connected to a wireless transmitter (17) via an information transmission data line (23). The wireless transmitter (17) is connected to a signal antenna (18) via a signal transmission data line (24).

3. The composite monitoring system for frozen soil subgrade in sloping sections of high-altitude and cold mountainous areas according to claim 2, characterized in that, The thermometer (9), hygrometer (10), data cable (15), data collector (16) and wireless transmitter (17) are connected to the battery (14) via the battery power supply line (22).

4. The composite monitoring system for frozen soil subgrade in sloping sections of high-altitude and cold mountainous areas according to claim 3, characterized in that, The temperature and humidity meter (9) includes a temperature and humidity sensor (30), and probes (29) and data acquisition lines (11) are respectively provided on different sides of the temperature and humidity sensor (30).

5. A composite monitoring system for frozen soil subgrade in sloping sections of high-altitude and cold mountainous areas according to claim 4, characterized in that, The frost heave gauge (10) includes a deformation sensor (27), which has an extended measuring rod (28) and a flange (26) on different sides. The deformation sensor (27) is also connected to a data acquisition line (11).

6. The composite monitoring system for frozen soil subgrade in sloping sections of high-altitude and cold mountainous areas according to claim 5, characterized in that, The data cable (15), data collector (16), wireless transmitter (17) and battery (14) are all housed in a sealed enclosure (12), which is located on the roadbed slope.

7. A composite monitoring system for frozen soil subgrade in sloping sections of high-altitude and cold mountainous areas according to claim 6, characterized in that, The solar panel (25) is mounted on top of the sealed housing (12) via a bracket.

8. A composite monitoring system for frozen soil subgrade in sloping sections of high-altitude and cold mountainous areas according to claim 7, characterized in that, The data acquisition bus (13) is equipped with a PVC pipe and filled with sand.

9. A composite monitoring system for frozen soil subgrade in sloping sections of high-altitude and cold mountainous areas according to claim 8, characterized in that, The battery (14) is placed at the bottom inside the sealed enclosure (12), and an isolation device is provided between the battery (14) and the sealed enclosure (12).

10. A composite monitoring system for frozen soil subgrade in sloping sections of high-altitude and cold mountainous areas according to claim 9, characterized in that, The thermometer (9) is inserted into the frozen soil (3) of the monitoring section to a depth of 5.5m, and the frost heave meter (10) is inserted into the frozen soil (3) of the monitoring section to a depth of 12m.

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