A rapid blasting arrangement system for deep foundation pit of hard rock stratum in sensitive environment

Abstract

The utility model relates to the technical field of building engineering, especially quick blast arrangement system of hard rock stratum deep foundation pit under sensitive environment, include: a plurality of blast section, are pre -divided and are arranged in blast area, blast device, distribution setting in the area of each blast section, environment monitoring unit for blast area and the periphery of blast area, data processing unit is connected with environment monitoring unit and is used to analysis and processing environment monitoring unit collected environment data, blast control unit, and the data input point and data output end of blast control unit are connected in data processing unit and blast device respectively, to control blast timing of blast device according to the analysis result of data processing unit. The utility model relates to a kind of quick blast arrangement system of hard rock stratum deep foundation pit under sensitive environment, which can effectively reduce the adverse effects on the surrounding environment during blasting operation, while improving the efficiency, accuracy and safety of blasting operation.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This utility model relates to the field of building engineering technology, and in particular to a rapid blasting layout system for deep foundation pits in hard rock formations under sensitive environments. Background Technology

[0002] With the accelerating pace of urbanization, the development and utilization of urban underground space is becoming increasingly sophisticated, and deep foundation pit engineering is playing an increasingly important role in urban construction. Especially in densely populated urban areas, deep foundation pit projects often need to be carried out in sensitive environments such as high-rise building complexes, transportation hubs, and areas with dense underground pipelines. At the same time, many cities have complex geological conditions and widespread distribution of hard rock strata, posing significant challenges to deep foundation pit excavation.

[0003] Traditional methods for deep foundation pit excavation in hard rock formations mainly include mechanical excavation and blasting excavation. Mechanical excavation methods, such as excavators and hydraulic breakers, can control vibration and noise to some extent, but their excavation efficiency is low, especially when dealing with high-strength hard rock formations, where efficiency is even lower, construction time is long, and it is difficult to meet the needs of rapid construction.

[0004] Blasting excavation methods, due to their high efficiency and economy, are widely used in deep foundation pit excavation in hard rock strata. However, traditional blasting techniques reveal several insurmountable drawbacks when applied in sensitive environments. First, vibration control is difficult. Traditional blasting methods, such as millisecond delay blasting and pre-splitting blasting, while reducing blasting vibration to some extent, still struggle to meet stringent control requirements in sensitive environments, especially near high-rise buildings and precision instruments. Blasting vibrations can cause cracks, tilting, and even structural damage to surrounding buildings; for underground pipelines and precision instruments, vibrations can also cause damage or malfunction. Second, noise pollution is severe. The loud noise generated by blasting can seriously disrupt the lives, work, and studies of nearby residents, leading to environmental complaints and social conflicts. Noise pollution is particularly pronounced during nighttime construction in cities or near residential areas. Third, the risk of flyrock and dust is difficult to completely eliminate. Although protective netting and water spraying can be implemented, traditional blasting methods still cannot completely prevent the generation of flyrock and dust. Flying rocks can injure people or damage surrounding facilities, while dust pollutes the air and affects environmental quality. Furthermore, traditional blasting techniques have a low level of intelligence and precision. Traditional blasting parameter design and control rely heavily on experience and manual operation, making real-time monitoring and dynamic optimization of the blasting process difficult. Blasting effects are often unpredictable and uncontrollable, easily leading to over-excavation, under-excavation, and uneven blasting results, impacting project quality and progress.

[0005] Therefore, there is an urgent need for a new type of blasting layout system and control method that can significantly reduce the impact of blasting on the surrounding environment while ensuring blasting efficiency, and realize rapid, safe and environmentally friendly excavation of deep foundation pits in hard rock strata in sensitive environments. Utility Model Content

[0006] In order to address the problems of existing technologies to a certain extent, this utility model discloses a rapid blasting layout system for deep foundation pits in hard rock formations under sensitive conditions. This system can effectively reduce the adverse impact of blasting operations on the surrounding environment, while improving the efficiency, accuracy, and safety of blasting operations.

[0007] This utility model discloses a rapid blasting layout system for deep foundation pits in hard rock formations under sensitive environments, comprising:

[0008] Multiple blasting sections are pre-divided and arranged within the blasting area;

[0009] Explosive devices are distributed and installed within the areas of each of the aforementioned blasting sections;

[0010] Environmental monitoring units are deployed in and around the blasting area.

[0011] A data processing unit is connected to the environmental monitoring unit and is used to analyze and process the environmental data collected by the environmental monitoring unit.

[0012] A blasting control unit, wherein the data input point and data output terminal of the blasting control unit are respectively connected to the data processing unit and the blasting device, so as to control the blasting sequence of the blasting device according to the analysis results of the data processing unit.

[0013] Specifically, the arrangement system of this invention first pre-divides the blasting area into multiple blasting sections, which are arranged side-by-side within the blasting area. This segmented structure is the foundation for achieving precise control of the blasting effect and reducing environmental impact. Within each blasting section, blasting devices are installed; these devices are the specific execution mechanisms for carrying out the blasting task, and may include explosives, detonators, and detonation circuits. To monitor the environmental impact of the blasting operation in real time, the system is equipped with an environmental monitoring unit. This unit is not limited to the blasting area but needs to be deployed simultaneously within the blasting area and its surrounding environment. This layout can comprehensively monitor environmental parameters such as vibration, noise, and flyrock generated by the blasting, providing data support for subsequent intelligent control. The environmental data collected by the environmental monitoring unit is transmitted to the data processing unit for analysis and processing. The data processing unit is responsible for real-time analysis of the received massive amounts of environmental data and comprehensively utilizes existing analytical evaluation models to assess whether the current blasting operation is within the safety and environmental protection threshold range, and predicts future environmental impact trends. The blasting control unit serves as the system's execution center. Its data input is connected to the data processing unit, receiving the analysis results; its data output is connected to the blasting device, controlling the blasting sequence. This means the blasting control unit can dynamically adjust the blasting initiation time of each blasting segment based on the data processing unit's analysis results, achieving refined control such as segmented blasting and delayed blasting. This effectively reduces negative effects such as blasting vibration and noise, and optimizes blasting results. During system operation, the environmental monitoring unit continuously collects environmental data, the data processing unit analyzes this data in real time, and feeds the analysis results back to the blasting control unit. The blasting control unit then precisely controls the initiation sequence of the blasting devices in each blasting segment based on the analysis results, forming a closed-loop intelligent control system. Through this structured layout and intelligent control, the system can achieve rapid, safe, and environmentally friendly blasting of deep foundation pits in hard rock strata under sensitive environments.

[0014] According to this utility model, a rapid blasting layout system for deep foundation pits in hard rock strata under sensitive environments comprises multiple blasting segments arranged in an array to cover the blasting area, with a certain interval between adjacent blasting segments. It can be understood that the array-arranged blasting segments first ensure the systematic and planned nature of the blasting operation. By pre-dividing the areas, parameters can be finely adjusted according to the geological conditions and environmental sensitivity of different areas, achieving zoned controlled blasting and avoiding the extensive operation mode of traditional whole-scale blasting. The vibration waves generated by the blasting attenuate as they propagate in the medium. Furthermore, the existence of the intervals is equivalent to setting up a physical isolation zone between the blasting segments, effectively blocking and attenuating the direct transmission of vibration waves generated by one blasting segment to adjacent blasting segments. This is like setting up a "buffer zone" on the vibration propagation path, significantly reducing the coupling and superposition effects of vibration waves between adjacent blasting segments. This avoids the risk of excessive impact on the surrounding environment caused by the superposition and enhancement of vibration wave energy when multiple blasting segments are blasted simultaneously. The presence of interval zones allows the blasting energy of each blasting segment to act more concentratedly on the rock mass within its own area, reducing energy diffusion to adjacent areas. Combined with the segmented delayed blasting technology proposed in subsequent claims, this further enables precise control and directional release of blasting energy, improving blasting efficiency and reducing the impact on non-blasting areas. The interval zones also allow for relatively independent blasting operations in each segment. This facilitates segmented construction management by the construction organizers; for example, a portion of the blasting work can be completed before proceeding to subsequent segments, improving construction flexibility and controllability.

[0015] According to this utility model, a rapid blasting layout system for deep foundation pits in hard rock strata under sensitive environments includes a blasting device comprising multiple blasting holes. These blasting holes are distributed at preset intervals and depths within each blasting section, and each blasting hole is filled with explosives. In other words, instead of a traditional centralized blasting method, multiple blasting holes are used as blasting devices within each pre-defined blasting section. These blasting holes are not randomly arranged but are regularly distributed within each blasting section according to preset intervals and depths. Each blasting hole is filled with an appropriate amount of explosives to generate blasting energy and break the rock mass. The core advantages of using multiple blasting holes instead of a single blasting point are understandable: compared to concentrated blasting, multiple blasting holes distributed in a dispersed manner can create a denser blasting stress field, acting on a larger area of ​​rock. Simultaneous detonation of multiple holes allows for a more even distribution of blasting energy within the blasting section, improving rock fragmentation efficiency and uniformity, reducing the generation of large rock fragments, facilitating subsequent debris removal, and enhancing overall construction efficiency. Furthermore, distributing the total charge across multiple blasting holes reduces the charge per hole. This reduction in charge per hole directly decreases the energy release from a single blast, thereby lowering blasting vibration intensity and noise levels. This is crucial for blasting operations in sensitive environments, effectively minimizing the impact on surrounding buildings and the environment. Moreover, by adjusting parameters such as the spacing, depth, and charge per hole, the blasting effect can be precisely controlled. For example, the density and amount of explosives in the blasting holes can be adjusted according to the strength of the rock and the development of joints and fissures, so as to achieve targeted blasting of rock masses in different areas and improve the accuracy and efficiency of blasting.

[0016] According to this utility model, a rapid blasting deployment system for deep foundation pits in hard rock strata under sensitive environments is provided, wherein the explosives include water-based explosives or emulsion explosives. Specifically, to further reduce the environmental impact of blasting operations, this utility model limits the type of explosives used in the blast holes, preferably using water-based explosives or emulsion explosives. These two types of explosives have more environmentally friendly characteristics compared to traditional ammonium nitrate explosives. It can be understood that the core technical advantage of using water-based explosives or emulsion explosives is that, during the explosion process, the amount of blast smoke and harmful gases (such as nitrogen oxides and carbon monoxide) produced by water-based explosives and emulsion explosives is significantly lower than that of traditional explosives. Water-based explosives contain a large amount of water, which can lower the detonation temperature and reduce the generation of harmful gases. Emulsion explosives, through optimized formulation and production processes, can also effectively reduce the emission of harmful gases. This is of great significance for improving air quality at blasting sites and protecting the health of construction workers and the surrounding environment. Furthermore, water-based explosives and emulsion explosives have relatively low detonation velocities, resulting in a gentler explosion process and less noise. Water-based explosives, in particular, have a good buffering effect due to their water content, further reducing the propagation of blasting noise. Moreover, water-based explosives and emulsion explosives have low sensitivity, making them less prone to accidental detonation and thus safer. Additionally, water-based explosives have good water resistance, maintaining good blasting performance even in humid environments.

[0017] According to this utility model, a rapid blasting layout system for deep foundation pits in hard rock strata under sensitive environments, the spacing between each blasting hole is equal; or, the spacing between each blasting hole varies in a stepped manner. In other words, this utility model proposes two optional schemes for the spacing of blasting holes: equal spacing and stepped-variable spacing. Equal spacing means that the distance between each blasting hole remains consistent within the same blasting section. Stepped-variable spacing means that the distance between blasting holes is not constant, but rather exhibits a step-like gradual change. It can be understood that the equal-spacing blasting hole layout is suitable for areas with relatively uniform rock properties and consistent fracturing requirements. Its advantages are simple layout, convenient construction, and the ability to form a relatively uniform blasting stress field, achieving uniform rock fracturing. It is suitable for large-area blasting areas with uniform rock properties, ensuring overall consistency in blasting effects. The stepped-variable spacing blasting hole layout, on the other hand, is more suitable for areas with uneven rock properties and varying fracturing requirements. For example, during foundation pit excavation, there may be areas of hard rock requiring focused fracturing, and areas of relatively easily fractured weak interlayers. By adjusting the spacing of the blasting holes, a smaller spacing can be used in hard rock areas to increase blasting density and enhance fracturing effect; while in weak rock areas, a larger spacing can be used to reduce blasting density and avoid over-fracture. A stepped, gradually varying spacing arrangement allows for flexible adjustment of the blasting hole density according to changes in rock mass properties, achieving more precise distribution and more efficient utilization of blasting energy. For instance, in areas where controlling the blasting outline is crucial, a smaller hole spacing can be used to create dense blasting fractures, achieving precise outline control; while in areas requiring rapid rock fracturing, the hole spacing can be appropriately increased to improve blasting efficiency.

[0018] According to this utility model, a rapid blasting layout system for deep foundation pits in hard rock strata under sensitive environments allows for the arrangement of blasting holes with equal depths; or, the depths of the blasting holes vary in a stepped manner. In other words, this utility model proposes two optional schemes for the arrangement of blasting hole depths: equal hole depth and stepped-variable hole depth. Equal hole depth means that the depth of each blasting hole remains consistent within the same blasting section. Stepped-variable hole depth means that the depth of the blasting holes is not constant, but rather exhibits a step-like gradual change. It can be understood that the equal hole depth arrangement is suitable for areas with relatively horizontal strata and consistent excavation depths. Its advantages lie in its simple drilling construction, convenient operation, and ability to create a relatively flat blasting excavation surface. It is suitable for foundation pit projects in horizontal strata with consistent excavation depth requirements, ensuring the flatness and integrity of the excavation surface. The stepped, gradually varying hole depth arrangement is more suitable for areas with significant geological variations, inconsistent excavation depths, or situations requiring the creation of specific excavation slopes. For example, in foundation pit slope excavation, to achieve a stable slope gradient, a stepped, gradually varying hole depth arrangement can be used. This involves shallower holes near the slope crest and deeper holes near the slope toe, thereby controlling the blasting excavation outline and forming the desired slope gradient. This arrangement allows for flexible adjustment of the hole depth based on geological variations and excavation depth requirements, enabling precise control of the excavation outline and targeted blasting for rock masses at different depths. For instance, when a stepped excavation face is required, a stepped, gradually varying hole depth arrangement can be used to control the blasting depth in layers, creating a stepped excavation face.

[0019] According to this utility model, a rapid blasting deployment system for deep foundation pits in hard rock strata under sensitive environments includes an environmental monitoring unit comprised of a sensor network located inside or surrounding the blasting area. This sensor network includes one or more of vibration sensors, noise sensors, and air pressure sensors. To achieve real-time monitoring and early warning of the environmental impact of blasting operations, the environmental monitoring unit is designed as a sensor network. This sensor network can be deployed inside the blasting area to monitor changes in environmental parameters within the blasting area; or it can surround the blasting area to monitor the impact of blasting on the surrounding environment. The sensor network can include one or more of vibration sensors, noise sensors, and air pressure sensors, which can be flexibly configured according to actual monitoring needs. It is understood that the sensor network can achieve real-time and continuous monitoring of key parameters such as vibration, noise, and air pressure in and around the blasting area. Compared to traditional intermittent manual monitoring, the sensor network can acquire environmental data more promptly and comprehensively, providing reliable data support for blasting safety assessment and parameter adjustment. By monitoring environmental parameters in real time, potential safety hazards and environmental risks during blasting operations can be detected in a timely manner. For example, when the vibration intensity or noise level exceeds a preset safety threshold, the system can issue a timely warning or even automatically suspend blasting operations to avoid damage to surrounding buildings and the environment. Environmental monitoring data collected by the sensor network can be fed back to the data processing unit for analysis, assessing the blasting effect and environmental impact. Based on the monitoring data, subsequent blasting parameters, such as charge quantity and delay time, can be adjusted in a timely manner to achieve dynamic optimization of blasting parameters, further reducing blasting vibration and noise, and improving the accuracy and environmental friendliness of blasting.

[0020] According to this utility model, a rapid blasting layout system for deep foundation pits in hard rock strata under sensitive environments includes a protective barrier surrounding the blasting area. Specifically, to further reduce the safety risks of blasting operations to the surrounding environment, this utility model sets up a protective barrier around the blasting area. This protective barrier surrounds the blasting area, forming a physical isolation zone to block flying rocks and noise generated by the blasting, protecting the safety of the surrounding environment. It is understood that during blasting operations, rock fragments may be thrown far away, forming flying rocks that pose a safety threat to surrounding personnel and buildings. The protective barrier can effectively block the scattering of flying rocks, confining them within the blasting area, preventing flying rocks from injuring people or damaging surrounding facilities, and ensuring the safety of the blasting operation. The protective barrier can absorb or reflect the noise generated by the blasting, reducing the spread of noise to the surrounding environment and reducing noise pollution. Especially for blasting operations in sensitive environments, the setting up of the protective barrier can significantly reduce the impact of blasting noise on the lives and work of surrounding residents. Furthermore, the protective barrier can also, to a certain extent, prevent the diffusion of dust generated by the blasting into the surrounding environment, reducing dust pollution and improving the air quality at the blasting site and surrounding areas.

[0021] According to this utility model, a rapid blasting deployment system for deep foundation pits in hard rock strata under sensitive environments includes a flyrock protection net as the protective barrier. The flyrock protection net is a mesh structure specifically designed to block flying rocks. It is typically woven from high-strength metal wire or synthetic fiber materials, possessing good strength and toughness, and effectively intercepting flying rocks. The flyrock protection net is designed specifically to block flying rocks; its mesh size and material strength are specially designed to effectively intercept flying rocks of various sizes and velocities, providing professional flyrock protection. Furthermore, flyrock protection nets are usually made of lightweight materials, have a relatively simple structure, are easy to install and disassemble, and can be flexibly deployed according to the size and shape of the blasting area, exhibiting strong adaptability. Compared to other types of protective barriers, the manufacturing and installation costs of flyrock protection nets are relatively low, making it an economical and practical flyrock protection measure.

[0022] According to this utility model, a rapid blasting layout system for deep foundation pits in hard rock strata under sensitive environments includes a blasting control unit comprising a timing control device for controlling the staggered blasting times of each blasting device; the timing control device incorporates a differential pressure controller. Specifically, to further reduce blasting vibration and noise, the blasting control unit of this utility model employs a timing control device. This timing control device can precisely control the detonation time of each blasting device, achieving staggered detonation and avoiding simultaneous detonation at multiple blasting points. To achieve more refined delay control, the timing control device also incorporates a differential pressure controller, enabling millisecond-level delay control accuracy. It can be understood that staggered detonation effectively avoids the superposition effect of vibration waves generated by simultaneous detonation at multiple blasting points. By distributing the total blasting energy across different time points, the vibration intensity of a single blast is reduced, thereby significantly reducing the overall blasting vibration level. The application of the differential pressure controller enables more refined delay control, further optimizing the delay effect and minimizing blasting vibration. Staggered detonation also reduces blasting noise. Simultaneous detonation at multiple blasting points generates instantaneous high-intensity noise, while staggered detonation disperses the noise across different time points, reducing the instantaneous noise intensity and noise pollution. Furthermore, appropriate delayed detonation can utilize the cracks created by the previous blast to guide the blasting energy of subsequent blasts onto the rock mass, improving rock fragmentation efficiency and uniformity.

[0023] According to this utility model, a rapid blasting layout system for deep foundation pits in hard rock strata under sensitive environments includes a data processing unit comprising a data acquisition unit and an analysis processor. The data input terminal of the data acquisition unit is connected to the environmental monitoring unit to collect environmental monitoring data. The analysis processor receives the environmental monitoring data from the data acquisition unit and compares it with preset safety standard thresholds. Specifically, to achieve effective processing of environmental monitoring data and real-time safety assessment, the data processing unit of this utility model is designed to include a data acquisition unit and an analysis processor. The data acquisition unit is responsible for receiving real-time monitoring data from the environmental monitoring unit (sensor network) and transmitting the data to the analysis processor. The analysis processor is responsible for analyzing and processing the received environmental monitoring data and comparing the monitoring data with preset safety standard thresholds to determine whether the current blasting operation is within a safe range. It can be understood that the data acquisition unit can automatically receive real-time monitoring data from the sensor network without manual intervention, improving the efficiency and accuracy of data acquisition. The analysis processor can automatically analyze and process the collected data and compare it with safety standard thresholds to achieve automatic assessment of the environmental safety status. By comparing monitoring data with safety standard thresholds in real time, the system can promptly determine whether blasting operations have exceeded safe limits. Once the monitoring data exceeds the safety threshold, the system can immediately issue a warning signal, prompting operators to take appropriate safety measures. It can even automatically control the blasting control unit to suspend blasting operations, preventing accidents. Furthermore, the analysis processor can perform statistical analysis on historical monitoring data to assess blasting effects and environmental impact trends. Based on the analysis results, data can be provided for the dynamic adjustment of blasting parameters. For example, based on the monitored vibration intensity, the amount of explosive or the delay time in subsequent blasts can be adjusted to achieve optimized control of blasting parameters.

[0024] According to this utility model, a rapid blasting layout system for deep foundation pits in hard rock formations under sensitive environments includes an isolation zone between adjacent blasting sections. The isolation zone can refer to a physical isolation area between adjacent blasting sections. For example, it can be a reserved area of ​​unblasted rock mass of a certain width between blasting sections, or a trench filled with vibration-absorbing material between blasting sections. It is understood that the isolation zone, as a physical isolation area, can more effectively block and attenuate the propagation of blasting vibration waves. Compared to simple spatial spacing, the isolation zone provides a stronger vibration isolation effect, further reducing the vibration coupling and superposition effects between adjacent blasting sections. The presence of the isolation zone allows the blasting energy of each blasting section to act more concentratedly on the rock mass within its own area, reducing energy diffusion to adjacent areas and improving the utilization efficiency and directional control capability of blasting energy. Furthermore, the isolation zone can serve as a physical boundary between blasting sections, facilitating segmented management and safety control of blasting operations. For example, when blasting operations are carried out in one blasting section, the areas of adjacent blasting sections can be isolated to ensure safety.

[0025] According to this utility model, a rapid blasting deployment system for deep foundation pits in hard rock strata under sensitive environments includes a sound barrier as a protective barrier. A sound barrier is a barrier structure specifically designed to reduce noise propagation, typically composed of a composite of sound-absorbing and sound-insulating materials, effectively absorbing and blocking noise transmission. It can be understood that the design purpose of a sound barrier is to reduce noise propagation; its materials and structure are specially designed to effectively absorb and block the propagation of blasting noise, providing professional noise protection. The installation of sound barriers can significantly reduce the propagation of blasting noise to the surrounding environment, reduce noise pollution, and protect the living and working environment of nearby residents. The installation of sound barriers is particularly crucial for noise-sensitive areas. Sound barriers can be customized according to the frequency characteristics of blasting noise, selecting appropriate sound-absorbing materials and sound-insulating structures to achieve the best noise reduction effect.

[0026] According to this utility model, a rapid blasting arrangement system for deep foundation pits in hard rock formations under sensitive environments comprises a strip-shaped blasting rod filled in the blasting hole. The sidewall of the blasting rod is integrally formed with multiple protrusions, which are arranged along the length of the blasting rod and staggered on opposite sides. Specifically, to further optimize the blasting effect and reduce blasting charge consumption, this utility model improves the shape of the blasting charge filled in the blasting hole by using a strip-shaped blasting rod. Unlike traditional bulk explosives, the blasting rod has a fixed shape and size, facilitating filling and control of the charge amount. More importantly, the sidewall of the blasting rod is integrally formed with multiple protrusions, which are arranged along the length of the blasting rod and staggered on opposite sides. This special structural design aims to improve the utilization efficiency of blasting energy and the rock fragmentation effect. It is understandable that the protrusions on the sidewalls of the blasting rod increase the contact area between the explosive and the rock mass, improving the efficiency of energy transfer and enhancing the coupling effect of the blasting energy. Compared to a smooth-surfaced blasting rod, the protruding structure can more effectively transfer blasting energy to the rock mass, improving rock fragmentation efficiency. During blasting, the protruding structure generates more concentrated stress waves, creating stronger tensile stress within the rock mass and promoting tensile failure. Tensile failure is one of the main modes of rock fragmentation; enhancing the tensile failure effect improves both the fragmentation efficiency and the degree of fragmentation. Because the coupling efficiency of blasting energy and the rock fragmentation effect are improved, the amount of explosive can be appropriately reduced while achieving the same blasting effect, thereby lowering blasting costs and reducing vibration and noise generated during blasting.

[0027] According to this utility model, a rapid blasting deployment system for deep foundation pits in hard rock strata under sensitive environments includes a 2-5 mm thick polyurethane damping layer wrapped around the blasting rod. Specifically, to further reduce blasting vibration and noise, this utility model wraps a 2-5 mm thick polyurethane damping layer around the blasting rod. Polyurethane material has good elasticity, vibration absorption, and sound insulation properties, effectively absorbing and attenuating vibration waves and noise generated by blasting. It can be understood that the polyurethane damping layer can absorb the vibration energy generated when the blasting rod explodes, reducing the propagation of vibration waves to the surrounding rock mass, thereby further reducing the blasting vibration level. The elastic properties of polyurethane material can effectively buffer and attenuate vibration waves, reducing vibration intensity. The polyurethane damping layer can also absorb the noise energy generated when the blasting rod explodes, reducing the propagation of noise to the surrounding environment, thereby further reducing the blasting noise level. The sound insulation properties of polyurethane material can effectively block the propagation of noise, reducing noise pollution. Furthermore, the polyurethane damping layer can also play a buffering and protective role to a certain extent, improving the safety of the blasting rod during transportation, loading and detonation, and reducing the risk of accidents.

[0028] The technical advantages of this invention's rapid blasting layout system for deep foundation pits in hard rock formations under sensitive environments are as follows:

[0029] 1. Segmented blasting reduces energy release in a single blast, minimizing vibration and noise: Dividing the blasting area into multiple blasting segments and performing segmented blasting effectively reduces the amount of explosives used and the energy release in a single blast, thereby reducing the intensity of blast vibration and noise at the source. Compared to a single large blast, segmented blasting significantly reduces the impact on the surrounding environment.

[0030] 2. Blasting timing control to avoid energy superposition and further reduce vibration and noise: The blasting control unit precisely controls the blasting timing of each blasting segment based on the analysis results of the data processing unit. This enables delayed initiation or micro-delay blasting, staggering the initiation times of each blasting segment to avoid the superposition effect of blasting energy, further reducing the peak value of blasting vibration and noise, and improving the precision of blasting control.

[0031] 3. Real-time environmental monitoring and data analysis for dynamic optimization and safety early warning of blasting operations: The collaborative work of the environmental monitoring unit and the data processing unit enables real-time monitoring and analysis of blasting environmental parameters, allowing for timely understanding of the environmental impact of blasting operations. The analysis results from the data processing unit provide decision-making support for the blasting control unit, enabling it to dynamically adjust blasting parameters (such as blasting sequence and explosive dosage) based on actual environmental feedback. This achieves optimized control of blasting operations, ensuring that blasting operations are always conducted within safe and environmentally friendly thresholds. When abnormal environmental parameters are detected, the system can issue timely warnings and even automatically suspend blasting operations, effectively ensuring construction safety and environmental protection.

[0032] 4. Systematic Layout Enhances Overall Efficiency and Safety of Blasting Operations: The layout system proposed in this invention organically combines blasting area division, blasting device deployment, environmental monitoring, data processing, and blasting control into a systematic overall solution. This systematic layout enhances the organization and coordination of blasting operations, optimizes the blasting process, increases blasting efficiency, and strengthens the safety of blasting operations. Attached Figure Description

[0033] To more clearly illustrate the technical solutions in this utility model or the prior art, the drawings used in the description of the embodiments or the prior art will be briefly introduced below. Obviously, the drawings described below are some embodiments of this utility model. For those skilled in the art, other drawings can be obtained from these drawings without creative effort.

[0034] Figure 1This is a schematic diagram of the structure of this utility model, which shows that multiple blasting sections are pre-divided and arranged within a blasting area.

[0035] Figure 2 This is a structural schematic diagram of the explosives described in this utility model;

[0036] Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of the monitoring-feedback-control structure of this utility model.

[0037] Figure label:

[0038] none. Detailed Implementation

[0039] The rapid blasting layout system for deep foundation pits in hard rock strata under sensitive environments, as described in this utility model, is further described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings and specific embodiments. It should be noted that the following embodiments are merely preferred embodiments of this utility model, intended to aid in understanding the technical concept of this utility model, and should not be considered as limiting the scope of protection of this utility model. Those skilled in the art, guided by the concept of this utility model, can make various modifications and improvements, all of which should fall within the scope of protection of this utility model.

[0040] like Figures 1 to 3 As shown, this embodiment provides a rapid blasting layout system for deep foundation pits in hard rock formations under sensitive environments. It mainly consists of multiple blasting sections, blasting devices, an environmental monitoring unit, a data processing unit, and a blasting control unit.

[0041] Regarding each blasting section, in order to reduce the vibration amplitude of a single blast and control the blasting impact within an acceptable range, this system pre-divides the entire foundation pit blasting area into multiple independent blasting sections. For example... Figure 1 As shown, these blasting segments are arranged in an array to fully cover the excavation area. Interval zones are provided between adjacent blasting segments; preferably, isolation zones (e.g., uncharged areas or buffer material-filled areas) can be set to further reduce the mutual influence between blasting segments and prevent the cumulative effect of blasting energy. In this embodiment, based on the actual size of the pit and geological conditions, the blasting area is divided into, for example, 12 rectangular blasting segments. The size of each blasting segment can be adjusted according to actual conditions, for example, set to 5 meters × 5 meters. This segmented blasting design concept draws on "segmented blasting technology," the core of which lies in decomposing large-scale overall blasting into small-scale local blasting, thereby effectively reducing the intensity of blasting vibration and noise levels.

[0042] Regarding the blasting devices, blasting devices are distributed throughout the area of ​​each blasting section. For example... Figure 3As shown, the blasting device specifically includes multiple blasting holes. These blasting holes are arranged according to a preset hole spacing and depth. In this embodiment, the arrangement of the blasting holes can be finely designed according to the specific lithology of the hard rock strata, the degree of joint and fracture development, and the requirements for blasting effect. For example, in areas with good rock integrity and high hardness, a smaller hole spacing and a larger hole depth can be used to enhance the blasting fracturing effect; while in areas with fractured rock and developed joints and fractures, the hole spacing can be appropriately increased and the hole depth decreased to control the release of blasting energy and avoid over-excavation and collapse.

[0043] As a preferred option, a stepped, gradually varying hole spacing or depth design can be adopted. For example, in the central region of the blasting section, the spacing between the blasting holes can be relatively small, and the hole depth can be relatively deep, while in the edge region of the blasting section, the spacing between the blasting holes can gradually increase, and the hole depth can gradually decrease. This stepped design can achieve optimized distribution of blasting energy, improve blasting efficiency, and further reduce blasting vibration. In this embodiment, the diameter of the blasting holes can be selected according to the specifications of the explosive and the requirements of the blasting effect, for example, using blasting holes with a diameter of 50-100 mm.

[0044] The blast hole is filled with explosives. To further reduce the environmental impact during the blasting process, this embodiment preferably uses novel explosive materials, such as water-based explosives or emulsion explosives. Figure 2 As shown, explosives can be prefabricated into strip-shaped explosive rods for easy loading and handling. Furthermore, to enhance the blasting effect and vibration damping performance, the sidewalls of the explosive rod can be integrally formed with multiple protrusions. These protrusions are arranged along the length of the explosive rod and staggered on opposite sides. This structural design increases the contact area between the explosive and the rock mass, improving the energy transfer efficiency of the blast. Simultaneously, the protruding structure can generate a micro-delay blasting effect during blasting, further reducing blasting vibration. In addition, to further enhance the vibration damping effect, the exterior of the explosive rod can be wrapped with a 2-5 mm thick polyurethane damping layer. Polyurethane material has excellent energy absorption and buffering properties, effectively absorbing blast shock waves and reducing the propagation of vibration and noise.

[0045] Regarding environmental monitoring units (such as...) Figure 3 The system includes an environmental monitoring unit to monitor environmental parameters in real time during the blasting process, ensuring the safety and environmental friendliness of the blasting operation. For example... Figure 3As shown, the environmental monitoring unit is configured as a sensor network located inside or around the blasting area. This sensor network can include various types of sensors such as vibration sensors, noise sensors, and air pressure sensors, and can be flexibly configured according to actual monitoring needs. In this embodiment, to comprehensively monitor the impact of the blasting, vibration sensors and noise sensors are deployed around the blasting area at different distances, such as 50 meters, 100 meters, and 200 meters away, as well as at key locations of surrounding sensitive buildings or facilities. These sensors collect environmental data such as vibration intensity, noise level, and air pressure generated by the blasting in real time. The layout of the sensor network needs to be scientifically planned based on the topography of the blasting area, the distribution of surrounding buildings, and potential risk areas to ensure the comprehensiveness and accuracy of the monitoring data.

[0046] Regarding the data processing unit (built into the appendix) Figure 3 Within the computer (of which), the data processing unit is connected to the environmental monitoring unit to receive and analyze environmental data collected by the environmental monitoring unit. The data processing unit specifically includes a data acquisition unit and an analysis processor. The data acquisition unit is responsible for receiving environmental monitoring data from the sensor network in real time and transmitting the data to the analysis processor. The analysis processor has preset safety standard thresholds, such as the maximum permissible vibration velocity and maximum permissible noise level for surrounding buildings. The analysis processor compares the received environmental monitoring data with the preset safety standard thresholds in real time to determine whether the current blasting operation is within a safe range.

[0047] Regarding the explosive control unit (built into the attached) Figure 3In the computer (within the system), the data input and output terminals of the blasting control unit are connected to the data processing unit and the blasting device, respectively. The blasting control unit receives the analysis results from the data processing unit and controls the blasting sequence of the blasting device according to the analysis results. The core of the blasting control unit is the timing control device, which has a built-in differential controller to precisely control the blasting time of each blasting device, achieve staggered blasting, avoid multiple blasting segments from detonating simultaneously, and thus reduce the peak value of blasting vibration and the superposition effect of shock waves. In this embodiment, the blasting control unit presets the blasting sequence and time interval. For example, the blasting segments can be detonated one by one according to the preset sequence, and the blasting time interval between adjacent blasting segments can be set to tens of milliseconds to hundreds of milliseconds. The specific time interval needs to be optimized and determined based on blasting simulation and field tests. When the analysis results of the data processing unit show that the current environmental monitoring data exceeds the preset safety standard threshold, the blasting control unit can automatically issue an alarm and take corresponding control measures, such as suspending subsequent blasting operations or adjusting blasting parameters (e.g., reducing the amount of explosive in the next blast, adjusting the arrangement of blasting holes, etc.). In addition, the data processing unit can record environmental monitoring data for each blast and evaluate the blasting effect, providing data support for parameter optimization in subsequent blasting operations.

[0048] Regarding protective barriers (not shown in the diagram), to further ensure blasting safety and reduce environmental impact, this system may also include protective barriers surrounding the blasting area. Different types of protective barriers can be selected based on actual needs. For example, to prevent flying debris from injuring people or damaging surrounding facilities, flying debris protection nets can be installed. These nets can be made of high-strength nylon mesh, wire mesh, or other materials and are installed around the blasting area to effectively intercept flying debris generated by the blast. To reduce the impact of blasting noise on the surrounding environment, sound barriers can be installed. These barriers can be made of sound-absorbing or sound-insulating materials, such as soundproof panels or soundproof felt, and are installed around the blasting area to absorb or block the propagation of blasting noise.

[0049] It should be further noted that before conducting deep foundation pit blasting operations, a comprehensive assessment of the surrounding geological environment, buildings, underground facilities, and potentially sensitive areas must be conducted. Through geological exploration and numerical simulation, the mechanical properties of the hard rock strata are fully understood, and the propagation path of the blast wave and its impact on the surrounding environment are simulated. Based on this information, scientific blasting design methods are employed to optimize blasting parameters, ensuring the concentration and precision of the blast energy release.

[0050] Based on factors such as geological conditions, pit size, and sensitivity of the surrounding environment, advanced blasting simulation software was used to conduct detailed simulations and optimizations of blasting parameters (such as charge quantity, explosive type, charging method, charging depth, and blasting timing). Through simulation analysis, the minimum energy required for each blast and the optimal borehole distribution were determined to reduce vibration amplitude and the impact of blasting on the surrounding environment. Simultaneously, the blasting timing was adjusted to avoid multiple blasting points occurring simultaneously, thereby reducing the cumulative impact of blasting operations on the surrounding area.

[0051] By establishing a three-dimensional numerical model of the hard rock strata and surrounding buildings, the impact of blasting operations on the ground, underground pipelines, and buildings is simulated, and the blasting scheme is optimized. By accurately simulating factors such as shock waves and ground vibrations generated by blasting, the blasting method and parameters are adjusted to ensure the effective release of blasting energy while minimizing the impact of vibration, noise, and other factors on the surrounding environment.

[0052] It is understood that the rapid blasting layout system for deep foundation pits in hard rock strata under sensitive environments provided in this embodiment achieves safe, efficient, and environmentally friendly blasting excavation in sensitive environments through the synergistic effect of the following technical features:

[0053] 1. Segmented blasting design: The blasting area is divided into multiple blasting segments, which effectively reduces the vibration amplitude of a single blast and reduces the impact on the surrounding environment.

[0054] 2. Precise timing control: The blasting control unit precisely controls the blasting sequence of each blasting segment to achieve staggered blasting, avoid the superposition effect of blasting energy, and further reduce vibration and noise.

[0055] 3. New blasting materials: The use of new blasting materials such as water-based explosives or emulsion explosives reduces the harmful gases and dust generated during blasting, thus reducing environmental pollution.

[0056] 4. Intelligent monitoring and feedback system: The environmental monitoring unit monitors blasting environmental parameters in real time, the data processing unit performs real-time analysis and safety assessment, and the blasting control unit makes dynamic adjustments based on the monitoring results to ensure the safety and environmental friendliness of blasting operations.

[0057] 5. Protective barrier installation: Protective measures such as flying rock protection nets and sound barriers were installed to further ensure blasting safety and reduce the impact on the surrounding environment.

[0058] In summary, the rapid blasting layout system for deep foundation pits in hard rock formations under sensitive environments provided in this embodiment can effectively solve the problems of applying traditional blasting technology in sensitive environments. It provides an efficient, safe, and environmentally friendly solution for deep foundation pit excavation projects in densely populated urban areas and surrounding areas with important facilities, and has significant technological progress and practical value.

[0059] Finally, it should be noted that the above embodiments are only used to illustrate the technical solutions of this utility model, and not to limit it. Although this utility model has been described in detail with reference to the foregoing embodiments, those skilled in the art should understand that modifications can still be made to the technical solutions described in the foregoing embodiments, or equivalent substitutions can be made to some of the technical features. Such modifications or substitutions do not cause the essence of the corresponding technical solutions to deviate from the spirit and scope of the technical solutions of the embodiments of this utility model.

Claims

1. A rapid blasting layout system for deep foundation pits in hard rock formations under sensitive environments, characterized in that, include: Multiple blasting segments are arranged in an array. The multiple blasting segments are pre-divided and arranged in the blasting area to cover the blasting area. A certain interval area is set between adjacent blasting segments. A blasting device is distributed in the area of ​​each of the blasting sections. The blasting device includes multiple blasting holes, which are distributed in the area of ​​each of the blasting sections at a preset spacing and depth. Each of the blasting holes is filled with explosives. An environmental monitoring unit is used to be deployed in and around the blasting area. The environmental monitoring unit is configured as a sensor network located inside or around the blasting area. The sensor network includes one or more of vibration sensors, noise sensors, and air pressure sensors. The data processing unit includes a data acquisition unit and an analysis processor. The data input terminal of the data acquisition unit is connected to the environmental monitoring unit and is used to collect environmental monitoring data from the environmental monitoring unit. The data input terminal of the analysis processor is connected to the data output terminal of the data acquisition unit and is used to compare and analyze the environmental monitoring data with a preset safety standard threshold. The blasting control unit includes a timing control device and a differential controller. The data input terminal of the timing control device is connected to the data output terminal of the analysis processor, and the data output terminal of the timing control device is connected to the blasting device for controlling the blasting timing of the blasting device. The differential controller is built into the timing control device.

2. The rapid blasting layout system for deep foundation pits in hard rock formations under sensitive environments, as described in claim 1, is characterized in that... The explosives include water-based explosives or emulsion explosives.

3. The rapid blasting layout system for deep foundation pits in hard rock formations under sensitive environments, as described in claim 1, is characterized in that... The spacing between each of the aforementioned blast holes is equal; or, The spacing between the various blast holes varies in a stepped manner.

4. The rapid blasting layout system for deep foundation pits in hard rock formations under sensitive environments, as described in claim 1, is characterized in that... All the aforementioned blasting holes have the same depth; or, The depth of each of the aforementioned blasting holes varies in a stepped manner.

5. The rapid blasting layout system for deep foundation pits in hard rock formations under sensitive environments according to claim 1, characterized in that, It also includes protective barriers used to surround the blasting area.

6. The rapid blasting layout system for deep foundation pits in hard rock formations under sensitive environments, as described in claim 5, is characterized in that... The protective barrier includes a rock-resistant net.

7. The rapid blasting layout system for deep foundation pits in hard rock formations under sensitive environments, as described in claim 5, is characterized in that... The protective barrier includes a sound barrier.

8. The rapid blasting layout system for deep foundation pits in hard rock formations under sensitive environments according to claim 1, characterized in that, The explosive charge filled in the blast hole is configured as a strip-shaped blasting rod; the sidewall of the blasting rod is integrally formed with multiple protrusions, each of the protrusions is arranged along the length of the blasting rod and is staggered on opposite sides of the blasting rod.

9. The rapid blasting layout system for deep foundation pits in hard rock formations under sensitive environments, as described in claim 8, is characterized in that... The blasting rod is wrapped with a polyurethane damping layer with a thickness of 2-5 mm.

10. The rapid blasting layout system for deep foundation pits in hard rock formations under sensitive environments according to claim 1, characterized in that, An isolation zone is provided between adjacent blasting sections.

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