Electrochemical cell with an organic-inorganic hybrid material and uses of an inorganic-organic hybrid material

Abstract

Electrochemical cell with a first and a second electrode and an electrolyte, wherein at least one of the components from the group electrodes and electrolyte is an inorganic-organic hybrid material of the general formula wherein P is a polymerizable group, a = 2 or 3, b = 1 to 20, n = 1 to 30, m = 1 to 30, x = 1 to 30, R 1 , R 2 and R 3 are selected from the group consisting of H, alkyl, -O-Alkyl and -O-Si, and R 4 selected from the group consisting of H, alkyl and Si, and Y is selected from the group consisting of -Z, -Alkyl-Z, -Aryl-Z, and -(CH2) c -O-(CH2CH2O) d - Z, where c = 2 or 3, d = 1 to 20, and Z is selected from the group consisting of an uncharged group and an anionic group, contains or consists of this, wherein the electrochemical cell does not contain a plasticizer.

Description

[0001] According to the invention, an electrochemical cell with two electrodes and an electrolyte is provided, wherein at least one of the components of the electrochemical cell comprises an inorganic-organic hybrid material and the electrochemical cell is plasticizer-free. Furthermore, it is proposed to use an inorganic-organic hybrid material as a component in electrochemical cells that are plasticizer-free and as a coating material for components in electrochemical cells. In particular, the electrolyte, electrode material, and separators can be equipped with or coated with the inorganic-organic hybrid material. The inorganic-organic hybrid material can also be used as a binder in electrochemical cells that are plasticizer-free. For certain applications, the inorganic-organic hybrid material can be combined with a conducting salt, in particular a lithium conducting salt.The hybrid material is characterized by the fact that it can be chemically covalently cross-linked.

[0002] For the further development of secondary energy storage systems that offer both higher energy density and enhanced safety, the electrolyte is a crucial component. Solid polymer electrolytes (SPEs) are of particular interest. These are more thermally stable than the liquid electrolytes commonly used and also offer protection against dendrite formation. This opens up possibilities for the use of lithium-metal anodes and high-energy systems such as lithium-air and lithium-sulfur batteries. Another advantage of SPEs compared to liquid electrolytes is that the electrolyte cannot leak from the battery and is therefore inherently safer. Furthermore, the battery design becomes significantly more flexible.

[0003] The first and most extensively researched polymer electrolyte was published by Wright and Armand in the 1970s and consists of complexes between polyethylene oxide (PEO) and various lithium salts. Due to their low cost and non-toxicity, these materials are of great interest; however, their conductivity at room temperature is limited to 10 Ω. -6 up to 10 -5 S / cm, which is too low for practical applications. One reason for the low conductivity is the semi-crystalline morphology of the polymer: Ionic conduction occurs predominantly in the amorphous regions, while the crystalline regions reduce conductivity by narrowing the ion channels.

[0004] Other challenges that must be overcome to realize a battery with polymer electrolytes include the wetting and infiltration of the electrolyte into the porous electrode material. This is necessary to achieve a large and stable interface between the electrolyte and the electrodes, and thus to obtain good cell performance. Further difficulties with both standard and polymer electrolytes include low lithium conversion numbers and the decrease in mechanical and electrochemical performance at elevated temperatures. These latter properties prevent the use of high-voltage materials and therefore pose a particular challenge in the development of high-energy battery cells.

[0005] Of the various strategies for solving the problems mentioned, the simplest and most widely pursued route is the production of composite electrolytes in which inorganic particles are incorporated into the organic PEO matrix. The result is generally an improvement in mechanical properties, sometimes coupled with an improvement in ionic conductivity.

[0006] Another strategy is based on the use of hybrid polymers, the organically modified ceramics (ORMOCER). ®s), as polymer electrolytes. These ion-conducting materials consist of inorganic and organic nanodomains synthesized from organometallic silane precursors and organic components via a sol-gel reaction. This method yields an extremely homogeneous dispersion and maximizes the interactions between organic and inorganic domains. The result is a material with low crystallinity, good thermomechanical stability, and improved ion conductivity compared to standard PEO-LiX complexes. Another advantage of these materials is the possibility of liquid processing, since the solid electrolyte is produced only after deposition onto the electrode material via in-situ curing.

[0007] A similar approach was used to develop a gel electrolyte in which the hybrid polyethersiloxane component served as a crosslinker in a system with low-molecular-weight ethylene oxide and an organic, polar solvent as a plasticizer (US 2003 / 0134968 A1). However, this gel electrolyte contains a liquid plasticizer that is not incorporated into the polymer network. Consequently, this gel electrolyte is disadvantageous with regard to mechanical properties and safety, as there is a risk of plasticizer leakage.

[0008] In a second case, a PEO-functionalized silane was used as a key component of an electrolyte formulation (WO 2013 / 110985 A1). However, these materials are not polysiloxane compounds and have not been tested in battery cells. In fact, the thermal and mechanical properties of these materials argue against their use in electrochemical cells. A polysiloxane-based material for use as a binder in lithium-ion battery cells is described in US 2012 / 0153219 A1, and US 6,887,619 B2 describes the construction of an organic polysiloxane-based network via a thermally initiated platinum-catalyzed hydrosilylation.

[0009] The polysiloxane-based materials known in the prior art lack flexible building blocks and therefore cannot generate electrolytes specialized for specific applications. Furthermore, the catalyst remains in the material after the polymer has formed. Such impurities have a significant impact on the lifespan and performance of an electrochemical cell.

[0010] DE 10 2009 046 134 A1 discloses a separating layer for separating the anode and cathode in lithium-ion accumulators or lithium-ion batteries, as well as a method for its production.

[0011] DE 10 2009 036 945 B4 discloses a NiMH battery which contains in its negative electrode a powder consisting of particles with a metallic core capable of storing hydrogen, wherein the particles are in an OH --conductive, gel-like coating or matrix embedded, which is formed by the action of an aqueous, alkaline electrolyte on an organically modified (hetero-)silicic acid polycondensate.

[0012] DE 10 2007 002 515 A1 discloses a polymer electrolyte membrane and a membrane electrode assembly (MEA) for a fuel cell, in particular a high-temperature fuel cell.

[0013] US patent 2005 / 0271948 A1 discloses a polysiloxane-based compound and a solid polymer electrolyte composition produced using the same, which can be used as a solid electrolyte in lithium-ion secondary batteries, wherein the electrochemical cell necessarily contains a plasticizer.

[0014] Based on this, the object of the present invention was to provide an electrochemical cell that exhibits increased performance and lifespan compared to the prior art. Furthermore, new applications for inorganic-organic hybrid materials were to be identified.

[0015] The problem is solved by the electrochemical cell according to claim 1 and the use of an inorganic-organic hybrid material according to claim 16. The dependent claims describe advantageous further developments.

[0016] According to the invention, an electrochemical cell is provided with a first and a second electrode and an electrolyte (and optionally a separator), wherein at least one of the components from the group electrodes and electrolyte (and optionally the separator) is an inorganic-organic hybrid material of the general formula Formula wherein P is a polymerizable group, a = 2 or 3, b = 1 to 20, n = 1 to 30, m = 1 to 30, x = 1 to 30, R 1 , R 2 and R 3 are selected from the group consisting of H, alkyl, -O-alkyl and -O-Si, and R 4 selected from the group consisting of H, alkyl and Si, and Y is selected from the group consisting of -Z, -Alkyl-Z, -Aryl-Z, and - (CH2) c -O-(CH2CH2O) d - Z, where c = 2 or 3, d = 1 to 20, and Z is selected from the group consisting of an uncharged group and an anionic group, contains or is substantially composed of the latter, wherein the electrochemical cell does not contain a plasticizer.

[0017] Due to the inorganic component of the network, the hybrid material exhibits high mechanical and thermal stability and also possesses flame-retardant properties. Furthermore, the inorganic regions within the hybrid material prevent the crystallization of the organic ethylene glycol chains, thereby improving ionic conductivity compared to standard PEO-based electrolytes. The organic component, in turn, ensures high flexibility and conductivity of the hybrid material. The possibility of chemically covalent crosslinking allows the hybrid material to assume a gel or solid state. When used as an electrolyte in this form, the hybrid material is safer than liquid and simple PEO electrolytes.

[0018] The hybrid material can be obtained by polymerizing precursors that are available in a high degree of purity. This results in a high purity of the hybrid material, ensuring a long service life and making it suitable for use in high-voltage materials. Furthermore, the hybrid material can be easily integrated into existing production processes and coating procedures, allowing the use of existing machinery and automation. Another advantage of the hybrid material is that a plasticizer can be covalently bonded to the polymer network. This increases the ionic conductivity of the polymer network, and the good mechanical properties are maintained even at elevated temperatures.

[0019] The electrochemical cell according to the invention does not require any liquid components. This overcomes disadvantages inherent in conventional electrochemical cells of the prior art, which arise due to the low vapor pressure and the risk of plasticizer leakage. This enables the realization of safer batteries, including alternative battery designs and larger batteries, which is of particular interest to the automotive industry.

[0020] In the production of the inorganic-organic hybrid polymer, the ratio of the two precursors in the product, i.e., in the hybrid material, can be adjusted by modifying the molecular ratio of the two precursors during the polymerization reaction (first precursor has residue P, second precursor has residue Y; see Formula I). ​​This allows for the adjustment of the electrolyte properties (e.g., Young's modulus, flexibility, conductivity, etc.) and their optimization for the desired application. The crosslinking process is environmentally friendly and cost-effective, as no additional solvent is required.

[0021] In a preferred embodiment of the electrochemical cell according to the invention, the polymerizable group is selected from the group consisting of vinyl group, acrylic group, methacrylic group, epoxy group and spiroorthoester group.

[0022] In the inorganic-organic hybrid polymer, Z (or Y) can be a a) be an uncharged group selected from the group consisting of H, straight-chain or branched alkyl and aryl, cyclic acyl or acyclic acyl (optionally with heteroatoms), in particular a cyclic carbonate, or b) be an anionic group (e.g., single ion conductor) which preferably contains or consists of a group selected from the group consisting of borate group, triflate group, sulfonate group and / or a derivative of sulfonimides.

[0023] The properties of the hybrid material can be tailored by selecting the Z (or Y) group. If an anionic group is chosen for Z, a single-ion conductor can be created. The hybrid material then has a cation transition number of one, which further improves the performance in the battery cell in terms of power and energy density.

[0024] According to the invention, the first and / or second electrode of the electrochemical cell can contain or consist of a material selected from the group consisting of Li, Si, C, S, Ge, Sn, Al, Sb, lithium metal oxides, lithium metal phosphates, and mixtures or combinations thereof. In particular, the first and / or second electrode can contain or consist of one of the following materials: ▪ Li4T i O 12 , ▪ Li 4-y A y Ti 5-x M x O 12 (A = Mg, Ca, Al; M = Ge, Fe, Co Ni, Mn, Cr, Zr, Mo, V, Ta or a combination thereof), ▪ Li(Ni,Co,Mn)O2, ▪ Li 1+x (M,N) 1-x O2 (M = Mn, Co, Ni or a combination thereof; N = Al, Ti, Fe, Cr, Mo, V, Ta, Mg, Zn, Ga, B, Ca, Ce, Y, Nb, Sr, Ba, Cd or a combination thereof) ▪ (Li,A) x (M,N)2O v·w X w(A = alkali metal, alkaline earth metal, lanthanide or a combination thereof; M = Mn, Co, Ni or a combination thereof; N = Al, Ti, Fe, Cr, Zr, Mo, V, Ta, Mg, Zn, Ga, B, Ca, Ce, Y, Nb, Sr, Ba, Cd or a combination thereof; X = F, Si) ▪ LiFePO4, ▪ (Li,A)(M,B)PO4 (A or B = alkaline earth metal, alkaline earth metal, lanthanide or a combination thereof; M = Fe, Co, Mn, Ni, Ti, Cu, Zn, Cr or a combination thereof), ▪ LiVPO4F, ▪ (Li,A) 2 / M,B)PO4F (A or B = alkali, alkaline earth metal, lanthanide or a combination thereof; M = Fe, Co, Mn, Ni, Ti, Cu or a combination thereof) ▪ Li3V2PO4, ▪ Li(Mn,Ni)2O4, ▪ Li 1+x (M,N) 2-x O4 (M = Mn; N = Co, Ni, Fe, Al, Ti, Cr, Mo, V, Ta or a combination thereof)

[0025] It is preferred that the first and / or second electrode contains the inorganic-organic hybrid material. In particular, the first and / or second electrode can be coated with the hybrid material, at least in certain areas.

[0026] In a preferred embodiment, the electrolyte is a solid electrolyte, in particular a ceramic electrolyte. The electrolyte may contain the hybrid material. Preferably, the electrolyte is coated with the hybrid material, at least in certain areas. Furthermore, the electrolyte may contain a ceramic filler.

[0027] In a further preferred embodiment, the electrochemical cell includes a separator. The separator preferably contains or consists of a material selected from the group consisting of polypropylene, polyethylene, ceramic, and glass fiber. Furthermore, the separator can contain or consist of the hybrid material. In particular, the separator is coated with the hybrid material, at least in certain areas.

[0028] The hybrid material, electrolyte and / or separator can be in a solid or gel state.

[0029] Preferably, the hybrid material contains a conducting salt, particularly preferably a lithium conducting salt, especially lithium bis(trifluoromethylsulfonyl)imide.

[0030] Furthermore, the hybrid material can contain an initiator suitable for mediating the polymerization of the hybrid material. A preferred initiator is dibenzoyl peroxide. Particularly preferably, the hybrid material is at least partially chemically covalently crosslinked. In particular, the hybrid material is crosslinked such that it exists in a gel-like or solid state.

[0031] Furthermore, the use of an inorganic-organic hybrid material containing or consisting of a compound with the formula Formula wherein P is a polymerizable group, a = 2 or 3, b = 1 to 20, n = 1 to 30, m = 1 to 30, x = 1 to 30, R 1 , R 2 and R 3 are selected from the group consisting of H, alkyl, -O-alkyl and -O-Si, and R 4 selected from the group consisting of H, alkyl and Si, and Y is selected from the group consisting of -Z, -Alkyl-Z, -Aryl-Z, and -(CH2) c -O-(CH2CH2O) d - Z, where c = 2 or 3, d = 1 to 20, and Z is selected from the group consisting of an uncharged group and an anionic group, as a) as an electrolyte, binder and / or separator in an electrochemical cell that does not contain a plasticizer; b) Component in capacitors, and / or c) Coating material for components in electrochemical cells, preferably as a coating material for electrode material, separators and / or ceramic solid electrolytes, is proposed.

[0032] The use of the hybrid material as a binder improves the conductivity of the electrode and a potentially more efficient electrochemical cell can be obtained.

[0033] By using the hybrid material alone, or in combination with functionalized or non-functionalized particles, two electrodes can be separated from each other, and a short circuit via the formation of dendritic growth can be avoided.

[0034] The hybrid material, used as a coating for components such as electrodes, ceramic electrolytes, and / or separators, offers the advantage of serving as a protective layer to prevent degradation and as an intermediate layer to reduce resistance between the electrode and electrolyte. Furthermore, the coating can improve surface properties such as wettability.

[0035] The hybrid material can be at least partially in chemically covalently cross-linked form for its use and / or contain a conducting salt, preferably a lithium conducting salt, in particular lithium bis(trifluoromethylsulfonyl)imide.

[0036] In a further embodiment of the invention, the inorganic-organic hybrid material is covalently bonded via the residues R 1 , R 2 , R 3 and / or R 4 The hybrid material is bound to a surface. In the case of a particle surface, the hybrid material can be used as a composite electrolyte. When the hybrid material bound to the particles is polymerized, the particles are chemically covalently bound in the electrolyte. The advantage here is that no phase separation can occur, and the particles are arranged in a long-term stable and homogeneously distributed manner within the electrolyte. This results in particular advantages with regard to the mechanical and electrochemical properties of the electrolyte. Furthermore, this method can prevent lithium dendrite growth.

[0037] Furthermore, it is advantageous if the residue Y is chosen as an anionic group, so that the hybrid material is a delocalized anion with a metal cation (e.g., a conducting salt cation such as Li). + ) as a counterion. This allows the concentration of the conducting salt to be minimized or even completely replaced. Such composite electrolytes exhibit a higher lithium transfer number than standard composites because the particles are not mobile within the polymer matrix and only the cations contribute to the ionic conductivity. This is advantageous for achieving high power outputs and energy densities.

[0038] However, the surface does not necessarily have to be a surface of (smaller) particles. Larger electrodes or electrode materials, e.g., made of metals such as Li, Na, K, Al, Si, S, Cu, Fe, Ni, Mn, Co, Ti, Al, Ge and alloys thereof, or metal oxides such as LFP, LTO and / or LMO, can also be chemically covalently bonded to the hybrid material after surface activation.

[0039] The hybrid material can also be covalently immobilized on the surface of lithium compounds or carbon (e.g., on LiFePO4, Li (NiMnCo)O2, LiTiO2, graphite, Li 1+x Al x Ti 2-x (PO4)3, Li 1+x Al x Ge 2-x(PO4)3). This modification can serve as a permanently bonded protective layer (“artificial SEI = Solid Electrolyte Interface”) and improve the bond with the electrolyte used in the cell. In this way, the resistance between the electrodes and the electrolyte is reduced, and properties such as wetting are improved. Furthermore, the electrode material is protected in a long-term stable manner, thereby improving properties such as lifespan, performance, and safety over the long term.

[0040] The following examples are intended to explain the subject matter of the invention in more detail without limiting it to the specific embodiments presented here. Example 1: Co-condensation of polyethylene glycol methyl ether propyldiethoxymethylsilane (A) and diethoxymethylsilyl ethyl triethylene glycol vinyl ether (B). Reaction scheme

[0041] 10.0 g of component A (0.02 mol) were mixed with 15 mL of diethyl carbonate, 0.1 g of tetrabutylammonium fluoride (TBAF), and 1.5 g of water. The mixture was stirred at room temperature for 19 hours. Subsequently, a mixture of 3.0 g of component B (0.01 mol), 0.5 g of water, 15 mL of diethyl carbonate, and 0.04 g of TBAF was added. The temperature was adjusted to 50 °C, and the mixture was stirred for 19 hours.

[0042] The solvent was then removed under vacuum at 50 °C, the product (C) was dissolved in dry diethyl ether and purified via a column filled with neutral aluminum oxide. The product was dried under vacuum at 70 °C for 8 hours. Example 2: Production of a solid polymer electrolyte

[0043] 2.0 g of the co-condensate C from Example 1 were mixed with 0.51 g of lithium bis(trifluoromethylsulfonyl)imide (LiTFSI) and 0.01 g of dibenzoyl peroxide (DBPO). An LFP composite electrode was then coated with the solution and left to stand for one hour under an inert gas atmosphere to ensure infiltration of the solution into the electrode material. The coated electrode was then cured on a hot plate at 70 °C for four hours. Lithium metal was pressed onto the electrode as a counter electrode. Example 3: Surface coating of a ceramic electrolyte

[0044] 0.51 g of lithium bis(trifluoromethylsulfonyl)imide (LiTFSI) and 0.01 g of dibenzoyl peroxide (DBPO) were dissolved in 2.0 g of co-condensate C. A ceramic electrolyte based on LAGP was coated on both sides with the solution and cured for 4 hours at 70 °C. Example 4: Surface functionalization of nanoparticles with triethoxysilyl ethyl triethylene glycol vinyl ether

[0045] In a 250 ml flask, 10 ml of tetraethoxysilane (TEOS) and 50 ml of ethanol were mixed. After 10 min, 50 ml of a 1.22 M NH4OH solution in ethanol were added, followed by 2 mL of H2O. After 24 h, 5.0 g of triethoxysilyl ethyl triethylene glycol vinyl ether was added, and the mixture was stirred first for 24 hours at room temperature and then for 72 hours at 70 °C. The particles were separated by centrifugation, washed three times with ethanol, and dried at 80 °C for 19 hours. Example 5: Production of a composite electrolyte

[0046] 2.0 g of the co-condensate were mixed with 0.51 g of lithium bis(trifluoromethylsulfonyl)imide (LiTFSI), 0.2 g (10 wt.%) of a functionalized particle as described in Example 3, and 0.01 g of dibenzoyl peroxide (DBPO). The suspension was placed in a dimensionally accurate aluminum dish and heated on a hot plate at 70 °C for 4 hours (under an argon atmosphere). After curing, the resulting polymer pellet was removed from the dish and characterized. Example 6: Modification of a glass-ceramic solid electrolyte

[0047] A 13 mm diameter LAGP glass-ceramic solid electrolyte was ultrasonically cleaned in isopropanol. The glass-ceramic chip was then treated for 30 minutes with a piranha solution (H₂O₂:H₂SO₄ = 1:3) to activate the surface. After rinsing with water and acetone, the chip was dried under vacuum. Surface modification was achieved by immersing the ceramic chip for 20 minutes in a 5% by volume solution of trimethoxysilyl propyl polyethylene glycol methyl ether and acetone. The chip was then rinsed three times with acetone and dried under vacuum.

Claims

[1] Electrochemical cell comprising a first and a second electrode and an electrolyte, wherein at least one of the components from the group electrodes and electrolyte is an inorganic-organic hybrid material of the general formula wherein P is a polymerizable group, a = 2 or 3, b = 1 to 20, n = 1 to 30, m = 1 to 30, x = 1 to 30, R 1 , R 2 and R 3 are selected from the group consisting of H, alkyl, -O-Alkyl and -O-Si, and R 4 selected from the group consisting of H, alkyl and Si, and Y is selected from the group consisting of -Z, -Alkyl-Z, -Aryl-Z, and -(CH2) c -O-(CH2CH2O) d - Z, where c = 2 or 3, d = 1 to 20, and Z is selected from the group consisting of an uncharged group and an anionic group, contains or consists of this, wherein the electrochemical cell does not contain a plasticizer. [2] Electrochemical cell according to claim 1, characterized by , that the polymerizable group is selected from the group consisting of vinyl group, acrylic group, methacrylic group, epoxy group and spiroorthoester group. [3] Electrochemical cell according to one of claims 1 or 2, characterized by that Z a a) uncharged group is selected from the group consisting of H, straight-chain or branched alkyl and aryl, cyclic acyl or acyclic acyl, optionally with heteroatoms, b) anionic group, preferably a single-ion conductor, which preferably contains or consists of a group selected from the group consisting of a borate group, a triflate group, a sulfonate group, a derivative of sulfonimides. [4] Electrochemical cell according to any one of claims 1 to 3, characterized by that the first and / or second electrode contains or consists of a material selected from the group consisting of Li, Si, C, S, Ge, Sn, Al, Sb, lithium metal oxides, lithium metal phosphates and mixtures or combinations thereof. [5] Electrochemical cell according to any one of claims 1 to 4, characterized by that the first and / or second electrode contains the hybrid material. [6] Electrochemical cell according to any one of claims 1 to 5, characterized by that the first and / or second electrode is coated with the hybrid material, at least in certain areas. [7] Electrochemical cell according to any one of claims 1 to 6, characterized by that the electrolyte is a solid electrolyte, in particular a ceramic electrolyte. [8] Electrochemical cell according to any one of claims 1 to 7, characterized bythat the electrolyte contains the hybrid material, optionally the electrolyte is coated with the hybrid material at least in certain areas. [9] Electrochemical cell according to any one of claims 1 to 8, characterized by that the electrolyte contains a ceramic filler. [10] Electrochemical cell according to any one of claims 1 to 9, characterized by that the electrochemical cell contains a separator and the separator contains or consists of a material selected from the group consisting of polypropylene, polyethylene, ceramic and glass fiber. [11] Electrochemical cell according to claim 10, characterized by that the separator contains or consists of the hybrid material, or is optionally coated with the hybrid material at least in certain areas. [12] Electrochemical cell according to any one of claims 1 to 11, characterized bythat the hybrid material, optionally a separator, is in a solid or gel state and / or the electrolyte is in a gel state. [13] Electrochemical cell according to any one of claims 1 to 12, characterized by that the hybrid material contains a conducting salt, preferably a lithium conducting salt, in particular lithium bis(trifluoromethylsulfonyl)imide. [14] Electrochemical cell according to any one of claims 1 to 13, characterized by that the hybrid material contains an initiator suitable for mediating the polymerization of the hybrid material, preferably dibenzoyl peroxide. [15] Electrochemical cell according to any one of claims 1 to 14, characterized by that the hybrid material is at least partially chemically covalently cross-linked. [16] Use of an inorganic-organic hybrid material containing or consisting of a compound with the formula Formula where P is a polymerizable group, a = 2 or 3, b = 1 to 20, n = 1 to 30, m = 1 to 30, x = 1 to 30, R 1 , R 2 and R 3 are selected from the group consisting of H, alkyl, -O-alkyl and -O-Si, and R 4 selected from the group consisting of H, alkyl and Si, and Y is selected from the group consisting of -Z, -Alkyl-Z, -Aryl-Z, and -(CH2) c -O-(CH2CH2O) d - Z, where c = 2 or 3, d = 1 to 20, and Z is selected from the group consisting of an uncharged group and an anionic group, as a) as an electrolyte, binder and / or separator in an electrochemical cell that does not contain a plasticizer; b) Component in capacitors, and / or c) Coating material for components in electrochemical cells, preferably as a coating material for electrode material, separators and / or ceramic solid electrolytes. [17] Use according to claim 16, wherein the hybrid material is at least partially in chemically covalently cross-linked form and / or contains a conducting salt, preferably a lithium conducting salt, in particular lithium bis(trifluoromethylsulfonyl)imide.