Device with a component and a valve with a valve housing of the valve

Abstract

Device (1) with a component (4) and a valve (3) with a valve housing (6) of the valve (3), with the features: - the valve housing (6) is located in a hole in the component (4) and is at least partially surrounded by a wall of the component (4), - the valve housing (6) is provided with at least two first openings (7) which are adjacent to one another around the axially aligned central axis (2) of the valve housing (6) and which are open transversely and radially in the direction of the central axis (2), - the adjacent first openings (7) are each delimited in each circumferential direction around the central axis (2) by a common web (8, 36) of the valve housing (6) arranged between the first openings (7), - the component (4) has at least one first channel (19) with a channel opening (5), - the channel opening (5) and at least a section of at least one of the first openings (7) are radially opposite one another in such a way that a radial first passage permeable to fluid is formed between the first channel (19) and the interior of the valve housing (6) via the channel opening (5) and the first opening (7), - the largest circumferentially directed web width of the web (8, 36) between two of the openings is smaller than the smallest channel opening width of the channel opening (5) measured circumferentially in the same circumferential direction - with at least one second opening (25) in the valve housing (6), which is axially opposite a second channel (20) such that an axial fluid-permeable second passage is formed between the second channel (20) and the interior of the valve housing (6), - in which the second opening (25) can be closed by a piston (22) which is axially movable in the valve housing (6), and by means of the piston (22) a passage between the second channel (20) via the interior of the valve housing (6) and from the interior via the at least the first opening (7) into the first channel (19) or in the opposite direction from the first channel (19) into the second channel (20) can be regulated, - the valve (3) comprises the valve housing (6), a piston (22), a spring (23) and a support element (24), - the spring (23) is clamped axially between the piston (22) and the support element (24), - the support element (24) is supported on the valve housing (6), characterized in that - the valve housing (6) is made of sheet metal, - the piston (22) is made of sheet metal, - the support element (24) is inserted into a circumferential groove formed in the valve housing (6) at an end of the valve housing (6) facing away from the first opening (7) and is at least axially supported in the circumferential groove, - the circumferential groove is machined into the valve housing (6) without any cutting.

Description

Particular requirements for production and assembly are met in the valves whose valve body also has inflow or outflow openings directed transversely to the valve axis. Such a valve is disclosed in DE 10 2015 211 599 A1. In such valves, directional mounting is often necessary in order that the transversely directed openings of the valve body and those of the associated channels in the housing are brought into permeable alignment with one another.US 2017 / 0 102 084 A1 discloses a device of the type in which a valve insert of a valve is provided with a plurality of openings distributed on the circumference of the valve insert. The valve insert is seated in the valve housing. The adjacent openings are each bounded in each circumferential direction about the central axis by a common web of the valve insert arranged circumferentially between the first openings. The valve housing of the valve is provided with a further opening directed transversely to the valve axis, which opening lies opposite a channel opening of a channel in the housing in which the valve is seated. Fluid can flow through the opening in the valve housing and from there to the valve insert via the channel.U.S. Pat. No. 4,471,810 A discloses a further device having a valve housing which is provided with two rows of circumferentially mutually adjacent transverse openings of the generic type.CN 2 03 948 754 U discloses a further device of the type in which the valve has a valve housing, a piston, a spring and a supporting element. The spring is axially clamped between the piston and the support element. The support element is held supported on the valve housing. The support element is inserted into a groove formed at the end of the valve housing and is axially supported by a cover fastened to a component.DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTIONThe object of the invention is to provide a device and a valve which can be mounted easily and cost-effectively.The object is achieved according to the subject matter of claim 1.A device is provided having a component and a valve housing, having the following features:The valve housing is seated in a hole of the component and is at least partially surrounded by a wall of the component. The component is, for example, a housing of a transmission or a hub of a rotating component. The component is made of steel or, for example, of an aluminum alloy.The valve housing is provided with at least two first openings circumferentially adjacent to one another about the axially aligned central axis of the valve housing. The first openings are directed transversely-i.e. radially in the direction of the central axis.the adjacent first openings are each bounded in each circumferential direction about the central axis by a common web of the valve housing arranged circumferentially between the first openings. The first openings are thus bounded on the circumferential side on the one hand by such a web and on the other hand separated from one another by the web. The respective web is preferably formed from the material of the valve housing and preferably in one piece with the valve housing.the component has at least one first channel with a first channel opening. Fluid flows to or from the first opening or openings via the channel.the first passage opening and at least one cut-out of at least one of the first openings are radially opposed to one another such that a fluid-permeable radial first passage is formed between the passage and the interior of the valve housing via the first passage opening and the first opening.the largest circumferentially directed web width of the web between two of the openings is smaller than the largest channel opening width of the first channel opening measured circumferentially in the same circumferential direction.at least one second port is provided in the valve housing axially facing a second port of a second port such that an axially fluid permeable second passage is formed between the second port and the interior of the valve housing.The at least one second opening in the valve housing is closable by a piston that is axially movable in the valve housing. In this case, a passage between the second channel via the interior of the valve housing and from the interior via the at least one first opening into the first channel or in the opposite direction from the first channel into the second channel can be regulated by means of the piston.Typically, the passage for the fluid through the valve is axial. That is, the fluid flows into an end opening of the valve and leaves the valve at the rear side again. The fluid is, for example, oil, preferably transmission oil. However, there are also devices in which pressures of the fluid or the direction of flow of the fluid between a longitudinal and a transverse channel must be regulated. The valve in this case has, for example, a longitudinally oriented opening and at least one transversely oriented opening. Transverse is seen in the radial direction on the axially aligned valve axis. The assembly of such valves into the device or component is relatively complicated because the transverse opening must be precisely aligned with the transverse channel in order for the fluid to flow freely through the opening into the transverse channel or vice versa. The problem here is that only slight unintentional rotation of the valve about its own axis can produce a circumferential offset between the passage cross sections of the opening and of the channel and thus there is the risk that sufficient fluid cannot pass.Means would therefore have to be found to align the valve precisely in its position during assembly in such a way that there is a correspondence between the flow cross sections of the transverse channel and the transversely aligned opening in the valve. The effort involved in such a position-oriented assembly is relatively high. This effort is avoided by an arrangement according to the invention.The adjacent first openings are each bounded in each circumferential direction about the central axis by a common web. At the same time, the largest circumferentially directed web width of the web between two of the openings is smaller than the smallest channel opening width of the first channel opening measured circumferentially in the same circumferential direction. Even if a valve is inserted into the component without mounting oriented in the direction about the central axis, the channel opening cannot be completely covered if the web is positioned disadvantageously with respect to the channel opening. Even if one of the webs directly lies radially opposite the channel opening. In any event, sufficient fluid can pass through the first channel and the first opening without the valve having to be inserted into the bore of the component oriented about its central axis. This is ensured in particular when the width of the web does not exceed one third of the channel opening.One embodiment of the invention provides that the valve housing bears closely in the hole of the component, at least two of the first openings being partially or completely closed by the component. The close guidance of the valve housing in the component ensures that fluid actually flows into the valve and out again only via the openings provided for this purpose, and that no leakage losses occur.A further embodiment of the invention provides that the valve housing is provided with at least three circumferentially arranged first openings. As mentioned above, the width of the webs is also aligned with the width of the channel opening. As a result, the width of the webs is limited. In the case of the valve housing being provided with only two of the first openings, it follows that each of the first openings must extend almost over half the circumference, reserved twice for a web width. However, this could also disadvantageously result in an unstable design of the valve housing. Namely, in this case, an upper portion of the valve housing and a lower portion of the valve housing would be connected to each other only by two lands. These are very narrow compared to the total circumference of the valve housing.The invention provides that the valve housing and the piston are made of sheet metal and that the support element is inserted at an end of the valve housing facing away from the first opening into a circumferential groove formed in the valve housing and is at least axially supported in the circumferential groove, wherein the circumferential groove is introduced into the valve housing without machining.Since the valve housing is preferably produced from sheet metal by cold forming, in this case, under certain circumstances, the cross sections of the webs with a small sheet thickness are also configured to be small. In the event that the valve must be pressed into the component, for example, this could lead to unwanted deformations of the valve housing in the regions of the webs during the pressing-in process. The method for producing such valve housings often also provides for a transverse punching of the first openings. This method requires a minimum cross section of the webs from a tool standpoint and for reasons of dimensional stability. Therefore, an embodiment of the invention provides more than two of the first openings, for example at least three first openings. This increases the number of lands and the land area between the upper and lower portions of the valve is more stable.A uniform distribution of the first openings on the circumference, which at the same time also ensure the same dimensions of the webs among one another and advantageously also the same widths of the first openings in the circumferential direction guarantee the respectively same flow cross section at this passage from the component into the valve in any desired position of the valve housing to the first channel. The uniform distribution of the first openings and webs circumferentially and thus the symmetry also facilitate the production of such valve housings.The first openings are oriented transversely to the second opening and are introduced into a valve housing made from sheet metal, preferably by punching. The first openings extend in the axial direction at a radial distance from the valve axis. The central axis of the respective first opening runs in the radial direction perpendicular to the central axis. The valve housing can be produced simply and cost-effectively.The piston is guided axially movably in the valve housing via the piston skirt and radially centered in the valve housing. This advantageously results in a substantially pressure-tight and at the same time axially movable guidance of the piston in the valve housing, in particular when the radial play with which the piston is radially centered in the housing is very small. The sliding surfaces, i.e. the diameters of the inner cylindrical surface of the valve housing and of the outer cylindrical surface of the piston, can be set very accurately when these components are drawn without machining from sheet metal without machining post-processing. Optionally, slip coatings on the surfaces of the structural members are advantageous.The piston is guided in the valve housing so as to be axially movable against the spring forces of the spring from a closed position into an open position. In the closed position of the piston, the second opening is closed by the piston crown and the first opening is at least partially closed by the piston skirt. In the open position, the piston crown has lifted from the valve seat. At least one edge or a contour of the piston releases the first openings not plugged out by the component or the sections thereof not covered by the component, analogous to a control edge, so that a connection through the valve, which is continuous for fluid, is formed between the second opening and at least one or two of the first openings. The open end of the valve housing axially opposite the second opening is sealed against the fluid by the piston both in the closed position and in the open position, subject to a leakage gap between the piston and the component caused by radial play.It is conceivable that already or still in the closed position, the first openings lying opposite the first channel opening are only partially closed by the piston skirt. As a result, a gap-shaped through opening of this first opening, which is permeable to the fluid, is not covered by the piston skirt in the closed position and is not closed by the piston and opens into the first channel in the installed state. The gap-shaped through-opening is bounded, at least in the closed position, by a portion of the piston and an edge of the respective second opening, which opens into the opening cross section of the channel. The advantage of the invention is that immediately after opening the valve, a fluid-permeable passage is formed across the valve between the first port and the second port or in the reverse flow direction and the pressure is rapidly reduced. This has an advantageous effect when designing the spring.The same effect is achieved if an annular channel is formed between the piston and the valve housing, which channel directly adjoins the valve seat. The annular channel can be designed as desired by the design of the valve housing and of the piston. The annular channel fills with the fluid immediately after the piston lifts from the valve seat. The pressure of the fluid is thereby reacted on a larger area of the piston.The same effect is also achieved if the piston crown and the piston skirt are connected to one another by means of a transition section formed on the piston. In this case, an annular channel is delimited by the transition section and by a section of the valve housing opposite the transition section, at least in the closed position.Alternatively, a combination of the two measures is also provided. In this case, the annular channel is already open toward the at least one second opening at the gap-shaped passage opening when the piston is in the closed position.From the above-mentioned measures it follows that the pressure necessary for opening the valve is greater than the pressure prevailing in the valve when the piston has lifted from the valve seat. The advantage of such an arrangement is that values for the opening and closing pressures of the valve according to the invention can be set constant and reliable in the process and the pressure equalization takes place within the shortest time.The valve is provided with a sleeve-shaped valve housing which has on an upper portion a sleeve jacket which is aligned concentrically with the valve axis and an edge which is aligned radially in the direction of the valve axis and runs around the second opening and is made of the metal sheet. The rim is optionally provided with a separate valve seat attached to the rim or the valve seat is stamped directly into the rim of sheet metal. Such a solution can be produced very cost-effectively. A costly machining of a valve seat is dispensed with. The upper section is followed by the web section with the first openings. Towards the end of the valve follows the lower portion to which the support element is attached.One embodiment of the invention provides that the piston is formed in the shape of a sleeve with a hollow cylindrical piston skirt and a piston crown closing the piston on one side, wherein the spring is axially surrounded by the piston skirt and is supported on the piston crown axially on the inside in the piston. The piston is preferably made of sheet metal. The piston crown is correspondingly thin-walled. Compared to solid pistons, more axial installation space is thus available for the spring, since the interior of the piston is also available as installation space for the spring. As a result, more possibilities are available in the selection and design of the spring, which can also consist of a plurality of springs connected in parallel or in series.As already described above, the support element is inserted into a circumferential groove at an end of the valve housing facing away from the first opening and is at least axially supported in the circumferential groove. By positively locking the support element to the valve housing, deformations which can be caused by a press fit between the valve housing and the support element are avoided from the outset. The accuracy of the valve seat is thus given in every case. The circumferential groove in the valve housing required for the positive fit can be easily introduced into the forming process during the production of the valve housing from sheet metal without additional machining effort.The invention provides, in the aforementioned context, apparatus for controlling pressures of a fluid in a vehicle transmission. The device is formed from a section of a transmission component, from at least one first channel and one second channel, and from the valve. The first channel leads in the section of the transmission component to the first opening and at least two second openings open into the second channel.DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGSThe invention is described below with reference to an exemplary embodiment and further embodiments of the invention of a valve. The valve is in this case designed as a pressure compensation valve and is installed in a device for regulating pressures of a fluid.The following are shown: FIG. 1 shows a device 1 in a greatly simplified sketch, not to scale, which is shown in section transversely to the central axis 2 of a valve, which otherwise is not shown in greater detail and runs perpendicularly into the image in this illustration; FIG. 2 shows the device 1 in a longitudinal section along the valve axis 2 and the line II-II according to FIG. 1 for regulating pressures of a fluid in a vehicle transmission with the valve 3 installed therein; FIG. 3 shows the valve 3 inserted into the device 1 as a single part in an overall view; FIG. 4 is a schematic illustration of a valve housing 6 of the valve 3 illustrated in FIG. 3, from which the hole pattern and the distribution of openings 7 and 25 on the valve housing 6 are evident; FIG. 5 is a schematic illustration of a further valve housing 33 as an alternative to the valve housing 6 according to FIG. 4 ; FIG. 6 shows a detail of the device 1 with a partially cut component 4 and looking through a channel opening 5 of the transversely extending channel 19 formed in the component 4 onto the valve housing 6; FIG. 7 shows a detail of the device 1 with the partially cut component 4 and looking through the channel opening 5 of the transversely extending channel 19 formed in the component 4 onto the valve housing 6 in an installation position which is changed compared to the installation position shown in FIG. 6 ; FIG. 8 shows a detail of the device 1 with the partially cut component 4 and looking through the channel opening 5 of the transversely extending channel 19 formed in the component 4 onto the valve housing 6 in an installation position which is changed compared to the installation positions shown in FIG. 6 ; FIG. 9 shows a detail of a further exemplary embodiment of a device according to the invention with the partially cut component 4 and looking through the channel opening 5 of the transversely running channel 19 formed in the component 4 onto a valve housing 33.FIG. 1 shows the component 4 of the device 1 provided with a channel opening 5. FIG. 1 shows the valve housing 6 in a sectional illustration through the web region 12. the valve housing 6 is seated in a bore 11 of the component 4. a joint 14 defined by a press fit, alternatively a transition fit or a clearance fit, is formed between the outer jacket 10 of the valve housing 6 and the inner jacket surface of a bore 11 of the component 4. The valve housing 6 is provided with N=6 circumferentially distributed first openings 7 and N=6 circumferentially distributed lands 8. A full circle 9 running in the web region 12 at any desired axial height about the central axis 2 lies at the same time on the cylindrical inner lateral surface 18 of the valve housing 6. Webs 8 each have the same circumferential pitch ST among one another.The circumferential pitch UT is an arc dimension, i.e. the length of a pitch circle of a pitch circle lying on the full circle 9 with the full circle circumference AU. The respective pitch circle UT extends, viewed in the figure, running counterclockwise between the boundary edges 15 and 16 of the first openings 7, which are simultaneously boundary edges 15 and 16 of the respective web 8 and which each run on the full circle 9 on the inner lateral surface 18 of the valve housing 6. It is not excluded here that these boundary edges 15 and 16 are also provided with a chamfer. The boundary edges 15 and 16 delimit the respective first opening 7 at the point which is narrowest in the circumferential direction and which in this case lies at the height of the inner lateral surface 18.N is the number of first openings in the valve housing and at the same time that of the delimiting webs. ST describes the width of the respective web 8 as viewed in the arc in a clockwise direction between the boundary edges 15 and 16, which is measured on the circumference AU.FIG. 2 shows the device 1 consisting of the component 4, the valve 3, a first channel 19, a second channel 20 and a third channel 21, the valve 3 having the valve housing 6, a piston 22, a spring 23 and a support element 24. The spring 23 is axially clamped between the piston 22 and the support element 24. The support element 24 is supported or held on the valve housing 6. The piston 22 is guided axially along the valve axis 2 so as to be displaceable on the inner lateral surface 18 of the valve housing 6. The valve axis 2 corresponds to the central axis 2. the valve housing 6 is provided with a plurality of first openings 7 which are separated from one another on the circumferential side by webs (see webs 8 in FIG. 1 ) which are not visible in this illustration, of which openings only one is visible in the illustration on the basis of the longitudinal section. The first openings 7 are oriented transversely to the central axis 2. In addition, the valve housing 6 has a second opening 25 which is perforated axially by the central axis 2. The valve housing 6 can be divided into an upper section 26, the web region 12 (see sectional illustration in FIG. 1 ) and a lower section 27. The upper portion 26 is provided with the second opening 25 and has a valve seat 28 against which the piston 22 sealingly abuts in its closed position. However, the piston 22 is shown in an open position in FIG. 2. The web region 12 has the first openings 7 and the webs. The lower section 27 of the valve housing 6 serves for guiding the piston 22 and as an anchoring for the support element 24.The channel opening 5 of the first channel 19 is radially opposite one or two of the first openings 7. The second channel 20 opens into the second opening 25 and continues axially in the bore 11. The valve housing 6 is pressed into the bore 11 via the outer jacket 10. The rear side of the valve 3 is opened at the through openings 29 into the third channel 21. In the open position of the piston 22 illustrated with FIG. 2, the fluid 30 symbolized by an arrow can flow from the second channel 20 via the second opening 25, through the valve 3 and out of the first openings 7 into the first channel 19.FIGS. 3 and 4 show that the valve housing 6 of the valve 3 has in the web region 12 a plurality of first openings 7 which are circumferentially adjacent to one another and which are each circumferentially bounded by a web 8. A part of the piston 22 is visible through the respective one of the openings 7. Moreover, the second opening 25 is visible at the beginning of the upper section 26 of the valve housing 6.FIGS. 5-5 show an alternative valve housing 33 with a plurality of first openings 7 which are circumferentially adjacent to one another in an upper row 34 and separated from one another by webs 8, and with a lower row 35 of further first openings 7 which is axially offset with respect thereto and are formed together in the web region 12. The first openings 7 of the lower row 35 are separated from one another on the circumferential side by webs 8 and from the first openings 7 of the upper row 34 by further webs 36.FIG. 6 shows a view through the first channel opening 5 bordered by the first component 4 onto an opening cross section 31 of a first opening 7 of the valve housing 6 and onto a further opening cross section 32 of a further first opening 7. The valve housing 6 is rotated about its own axis relative to the channel opening 5 in such a way that a web 8 running between these two openings 7 covers a part of the opening cross section of the channel opening 5 in the axial direction and circumferential direction. The largest circumferentially directed web width of the web 8 between the two openings 7 is smaller than the largest channel opening width of the channel opening 5, measured circumferentially in the same circumferential direction. Fluid can therefore flow into the first channel 19 through the opening cross sections 31 and 32. The rest of the respective opening 7 is covered by the component 4.FIG. 7 shows the valve 3 rotated about its own axis relative to the arrangement shown in FIG. 6 relative to the arrangement shown in FIG. 6 such that the opening cross section of one of the first openings 7 completely faces the channel opening 5 and the channel opening is covered on the left and right sides by a web 8, respectively.FIG. 8 shows the valve housing 6 rotated about its own axis with respect to the channel opening 5 in such a way that the opening cross section of a first opening 7 is completely freely opposite the channel opening 5 and only one gap 37 remains from a further first opening 7 as a free flow cross section. A web 8 covers a part of the channel opening 5.FIG. 9 shows a plurality of the first openings 7 of the valve housing 33 shown in FIG. 5 are arranged such that they are permeable opposite the channel opening 5, and a plurality of the webs 8 and 36 cover portions of the flow cross section of the channel opening 5.List of reference characters1 Device 2 Central axis 3 Valve 4 Component 5 Channel opening 6 Valve housing 7 First opening 8 Web 9 Full circle 10 Outer jacket 11 Bore 12 Web region 13 Boundary edge of the channel opening 14 Joint 15 Boundary edge of the first opening or of the web 16 Boundary edge of the first opening or of the web 17 Boundary edge of the channel opening 18 Inner jacket surface 19 First channel 20 Second channel 21 Third channel 22 Piston 23 Spring 24 Support element 25 Second opening 26 Upper section 27 Lower section 28 Valve seat 29 Through openings 30 Fluid 31 Opening cross section 32 Opening cross section 33 Valve housing 34 Upper row of first openings 35 Lower row of first openings 36 Web 37 Gap

Claims

Device (1) with a component (4) and a valve (3) with a valve housing (6) of the valve (3), with the features: - the valve housing (6) is seated in a hole of the component (4) and is at least partially surrounded by a wall of the component (4), - the valve housing (6) is provided with at least two first openings (7) which are adjacent to one another about the axially aligned central axis (2) of the valve housing (6) and are open transversely radially in the direction of the central axis (2), - the adjacent first openings (7) are each bounded in each circumferential direction about the central axis (2) by a common web (8, 36) of the valve housing (6) arranged between the first openings (7), - the component (4) has at least one first channel (19) with a channel opening (5), the channel opening (5) and at least one cut-out of at least one of the first openings (7) are radially opposite one another in such a way that a fluid-permeable radial first passage is formed between the first channel (19) and the interior of the valve housing (6) via the channel opening (5) and the first opening (7), the largest circumferentially directed web width of the web (8, 36) between two of the openings is smaller than the smallest channel opening width of the channel opening (5) measured circumferentially in the same circumferential direction, with at least one second opening (25) in the valve housing (6) which is axially opposite a second channel (20) in such a way that an axial fluid-permeable second passage is formed between the second channel (20) and the interior of the valve housing (6), in which the second opening (25) is closable by a piston (22) axially movable in the valve housing (6), and a passage between the second channel (20) via the interior of the valve housing (6) and from the interior via the at least first opening (7) into the first channel (19) or in the opposite direction from the first channel (19) into the second channel (20) can be regulated by means of the piston (22), - the valve (3) has the valve housing (6), a piston (22), a spring (23) and a support element (24), - the spring (23) is axially clamped between the piston (22) and the support element (24), - the support element (24) is held supported on the valve housing (6), characterized in that - the valve housing (6) is made of sheet metal, - the piston (22) is made of sheet metal, the support element (24) is inserted at an end of the valve housing (6) facing away from the first opening (7) into a circumferential groove formed in the valve housing (6) and is at least axially supported in the circumferential groove, the circumferential groove being introduced into the valve housing (6) without machining.Device according to claim 1, wherein the valve housing (6) fits tightly in the hole of the component (4), at least two of the first openings (7) being partially or completely closed by the component (4).Device according to claim 1 or 2, characterised in that the largest circumferentially directed web width of the web (8) between the openings (7) corresponds to at most one third of the largest channel opening width of the channel opening (5) measured circumferentially in the same circumferential direction.Device according to claim 1, 2 or 3, having at least three circumferentially arranged first openings (7).Device according to claim 1, 2 or 3, with circumferentially but also axially offset first openings (7).Device according to claim 1 or 2, wherein at least one of the webs (8) partially covers the channel opening (5).Apparatus according to claim 1, 2, 3, 4, 5 or 6, wherein the passage opening (5) and at least one cut-out of at least two of the first openings (7) are radially opposed to each other such that a fluid-permeable radial first passage is formed between the passage (19) and the interior of the valve housing (6) via the passage opening (5) and the first openings (7).

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