Method and system for supporting a user during a sporting activity

Abstract

The present disclosure relates to a computer-implemented method (100) for assisting a user (10), particularly during a sporting activity (15), such as a cyclic sporting activity like running, wherein the method (100) comprises: obtaining (110), using a measuring device (30), cyclic performance data (20) associated with the user (10) during a sporting activity (15), wherein the cyclic performance data (20) comprise initial cyclic performance data (20a) associated with an initial physiological system of the user (10); calculating (120), using a processor, a cyclic performance data value (21) based on the initial cyclic performance data (20a); and generating (130), using the processor, an assistance signal based on the cyclic performance data value (21).Output (140), using an output device (40), of the generated support signal to the user (10).;

Description

1. Technical area

[0001] The present disclosure relates to a computer-implemented method for assisting a user, particularly during a sporting activity, such as a cyclical sporting activity such as running. Furthermore, the present disclosure relates to a respective data processing device, a computer program, a piece of sports clothing for assisting a user, and a system for assisting a user. 2. State of the art

[0002] Today, sporting activities such as running, hiking, climbing, and the like are becoming increasingly attractive due to their potential to increase physical fitness, provide health benefits, or allow for competition. For example, many people are drawn to sporting activities because they offer opportunities to improve physical fitness and overall health. Participating in a sport or physical exercise can help build strength, endurance, flexibility, and cardiovascular health, promoting a sense of well-being and vitality. Furthermore, the competitive aspects of athletics can be appealing to those who enjoy testing their skills against others.

[0003] The performance of such sports activities can be improved if the athlete's affective state is improved.

[0004] Many well-known solutions in this context, such as smartphone applications, provide training plans for starting a running routine, improving performance, or training for a race. Most of these smartphone applications are limited in that they only consider the athlete's physiological or motor aspects. These plans aim to improve the athlete's physical ability or to improve performance in one or more sporting events.

[0005] While such known solutions claim to be an improvement over the state of the art, the proposed solutions still have some shortcomings when it comes to providing improved support to an athlete, especially during athletic activity. Furthermore, the proposed solutions still do not lead to optimal results when it comes to increasing the athlete's well-being and vitality. Therefore, there is still room for improvement.

[0006] Against this background, it is an object of the present invention to provide a method that at least partially overcomes the deficiencies of the prior art. It should be possible for a person performing a sporting activity to be provided with a joyful and pleasant experience in order to motivate the person to perform such an activity. Furthermore, it should be possible to increase well-being and vitality. In general, the person's affective state should be improved, especially during a sporting activity. 3. Summary of the invention

[0007] The above-mentioned objects are at least partially achieved by the subject matter of the independent claims. Preferred embodiments are subject matter of the dependent claims, and other suitable aspects of the present invention are described by the overall disclosure of the present application.

[0008] In one aspect, the objects are achieved by a computer-implemented method for assisting a user, in particular during a sporting activity, such as a cyclical sporting activity such as running, the method comprising: obtaining, using a measuring means, cyclic performance data associated with the user during a sporting activity, wherein the cyclic performance data comprises first cyclic performance data associated with a first physiological system of the user; calculating, using a processor, a cyclic performance data value based on the first cyclic performance data; generating, using the processor, based on the cyclic performance data value, an assistance signal; outputting, using an output means, the generated assistance signal to the user.

[0009] In this way, the method has the advantage of inducing a positive effect in the user. For example, it has been found that the support signal is configured such that the user can feel greater joy and happiness in general, and particularly during physical activity. Furthermore, the user can be motivated to engage in physical activity. Furthermore, the method can improve the user's vitality and well-being in general, and particularly during physical activity. In particular, the method considers not only physiological aspects but also psychological factors, providing the user with a combination of benefits.

[0010] A cyclical athletic activity can be any physical exercise or sport that involves repetitive movements in a substantially cyclical pattern. In these activities, athletes or participants may perform continuous and / or rhythmic movements in a repetitive manner. It can often involve the use of large muscle groups. The cyclical nature of these activities may mean that the movements are repeated in a substantially continuous loop. In some examples, the movements may form a cycle. A cyclical athletic activity may involve repetitive and continuous movements for cardiovascular workouts and endurance training. In an exemplary and non-exhaustive list, cyclical athletic activities may include one or more of the following: running, cycling, swimming, rowing, cross-country skiing, jumping rope, and elliptical training (cross trainer).

[0011] Obtaining using a measuring means may include the use of one or more sensors as described elsewhere herein.

[0012] The user's first physiological system (and / or second physiological system) may be any suitable physiological system of the user useful for calculating and generating the assistance signal. In general, various physiological systems and / or subsystems relate to a user's body. Various performance data may be present that can describe these systems and / or subsystems. As an example of data associated with a physiological system, the following may be mentioned: movement data, such as step data and / or gait data, and respiration data. Other physiological systems and respective data are encompassed by the present disclosure, as described elsewhere herein.

[0013] Calculating a cyclic performance data value may comprise one or more mathematical operations using the first cyclic performance data. The calculated cyclic performance data value and the correspondingly generated assistance signal based thereon may be particularly beneficial to the user for improving their affective state, vitality, and / or well-being in general and particularly during the sporting activity. When the assistance signal is output to the user, the user may be able to adapt one or more actions to correspond to this assistance signal. The assistance signal may assist the user in performing the sporting activity. This, in turn, makes it possible to improve various aspects associated with the user, particularly during the sporting activity.

[0014] As an illustrative and non-limiting example, the cyclic performance data value may include movement data (such as step data) or the like, and generating the assistance signal based thereon may include generating the assistance signal using further data, such as predefined breathing data (e.g., a number of steps per breath). The assistance signal may indicate to the user to adjust breathing and / or walking according to the received assistance signal so that the target number of steps per breath is ultimately achieved.

[0015] The computer-implemented method mentioned herein may have various fields of applications and use cases, including, but not limited to, sporting activities. Whenever reference is made herein to a "sporting activity" and / or "sporting activities," this may be understood to include one or more and / or any combination of at least the following non-exhaustive list: athletic exercises, running, hiking, climbing, walking, cycling, yoga, soccer, tennis, exercising a training session.

[0016] Whenever the term "during a sporting activity" is used herein, it is not intended to strictly include actions performed solely during the sporting activity. It may well be the case that the procedure includes actions performed in a period before and / or after the sporting activity.

[0017] As used here, the term "user" can refer to a human being. The term can essentially mean the same as the term "individual" and can thus be used synonymously.

[0018] In a preferred embodiment of the computer-implemented method of the present disclosure, the cyclic performance data further comprises second cyclic performance data associated with a second physiological system of the user, wherein calculating the cyclic performance data value is further based on the second cyclic performance data, and wherein the method further comprises: comparing, using the processor, the cyclic performance data value to a target value, wherein the target value is associated with the first physiological system of the user and the second physiological system of the user, wherein generating the assistance signal is further based on the comparison.

[0019] This has the advantage that two different physiological systems of the user enrich the data obtained by the method, and that data from these two different physiological systems can be used to generate the assistance signal. The two different physiological systems and / or in particular the second physiological system may be one, as described in more detail elsewhere herein.

[0020] The target value can be set to correspond to a value known to the user, or at least assumed to be beneficial, in relation to a psychophysiological aspect. For example, the target value can be set with the purpose of creating a joyful and vital experience for the user. Additionally, the target value can serve to improve the user's well-being and vitality. In particular, it can support the user's affective state during physical activity.

[0021] Comparing may include identifying whether the cyclic performance data value is greater than, less than, or equal to the target value. In this way, the generated assistance signal can be understood as a means of improving the coupling of various physiological systems of the user. Without wishing to be bound by any theory, it is believed that such coupling of physiological systems, e.g., coupling of body rhythms, is beneficial in cyclical sporting activities such as running, cycling, or the like.

[0022] While most prior art solutions are limited to increasing performance alone, the present disclosure has the additional advantage of including psychological aspects to increase well-being and / or vitality through a holistic approach.

[0023] The step of comparing and the step of generating the support signal based on the comparison can be understood as a synchronization, a capture or a correlation.

[0024] The term "entrainment" can refer to the synchronization or alignment of rhythmic patterns or cycles between two or more entities. It can be understood as a phenomenon that can occur when natural rhythms or oscillations of different systems are coordinated and / or harmonized.

[0025] The step of comparing and the step of generating the assist signal based on the comparison can facilitate event matching. For example, the assist signal generated in this way can indicate to the user to perform an action of one physiological system, such as breathing, substantially at the time when the user is performing an action of another physiological system, e.g., when the user is taking a step. Without wishing to be bound by any theory, it is believed that taking a step substantially at the time of inspiration / expiration could confer metabolic and neuromuscular benefits through lower diaphragmatic work. Diaphragmatic work can refer to the action and / or effort exerted by the diaphragm, which may be the primary muscle responsible for breathing.The diaphragm may be a dome-shaped muscle located beneath the lungs and may play a dominant role in the breathing process.

[0026] In a preferred embodiment of the computer-implemented method of the present disclosure, the first cyclic performance data is movement data, such as step data and / or gait data, and the second cyclic performance data is respiration data, wherein the respiration data preferably comprises a respiration rate, a respiration phase, such as inhalation or exhalation, wherein the step data preferably comprises a step rate, and wherein the gait data comprises a gait rate.

[0027] This has the advantage that respiration data can essentially be coupled with moving data. Such coupling can be understood as "movement-respiration coupling" (LRC), as described elsewhere herein.

[0028] The term "stride" in running can refer to the act of making a single forward movement with one foot. A step can be the basic unit of locomotion and is completed when the opposite foot touches the ground. The term "gait" can refer to a complete sequence of movements performed by both feet from one footfall of the same foot to the next footfall of the same foot. It can include two steps: one performed by the left foot and one performed by the right foot. In other words, a gait can include the distance traveled by both feet during a complete gait cycle. "Gait length" describes the distance traveled in a single gait, typically measured from the point of initial contact of one foot to the point of initial contact of the same foot in the subsequent step.It is often used to measure running performance. Gait length can vary depending on factors such as running speed, leg length, and running technique. The term "rate" expresses a dependence on time. For example, a stride rate refers to the number of steps taken in a given period of time. Similarly, gait rate refers to the number of strides taken in a given period of time.

[0029] Compared to many other physiological systems, the respiratory system has the advantage of being a great estimate of perceived exertion and that it can also be actively controlled by the user to some extent.

[0030] Respiratory data and / or patterns refer to the temporal and mechanical characteristics of inhalation and exhalation to achieve respiration. Respiration (gas exchange) maintains biochemical homeostasis primarily via centers in the brainstem. Respiratory data may include the user's respiratory rate (i.e., respiratory frequency, measured in breaths per minute [bpm]) during exercise, the current respiratory phase, and / or the specific respiratory event (i.e., flow reversal). Flow reversal refers to the time of switching from inhalation to exhalation or from exhalation to inhalation. In addition to including inhalation and / or exhalation phases, the respiratory phase may include pauses (e.g., after inhalation or after exhalation). Therefore, four possible respiratory phases can be encompassed by respiratory phase data.Strain sensors and / or pressure sensors may be useful devices for measuring such data during athletic activity, as described elsewhere herein.

[0031] In a preferred embodiment of the computer-implemented method of the present disclosure, the cyclic power data value is a cyclic power ratio of the first cyclic power data and the second cyclic power data, preferably a cyclic power ratio of the gait rate and the respiration rate or a ratio of the gait rate and the respiration rate.

[0032] The cyclic power ratio has the advantage of adjusting the first and second cyclic power data relative to each other. The cyclic power ratio can be calculated by dividing the first cyclic power data by the second cyclic power data. As an illustrative and non-limiting example, the cyclic power ratio can be calculated by the ratio of the stride rate and the respiration rate. For example, running at an average stride rate of approximately 160 steps per minute (i.e., approximately 80 breaths per minute) and a respiration rate of approximately 40 breaths per minute (bpm) would result in 160 divided by 40 equaling 4 steps per breath.

[0033] In a preferred embodiment of the computer-implemented method of the present disclosure, the cyclic power ratio is a cyclic power ratio of steps per inspiration and steps per expiration or steps per expiration and steps per inspiration.

[0034] The cyclic power ratio according to this embodiment has the additional advantage of encompassing more detail of the respiratory phase. It is advantageous to separate the respiratory data into an inhalation phase and an exhalation phase. It has been found that using an integer ratio can be beneficial for improving a user's vitality and well-being.

[0035] As an illustrative and non-limiting example, a user may perform a physical activity, e.g., a user may run at a cyclic power ratio of 3:4, indicating 3 steps per inhalation and 4 steps per exhalation. This equals 7 steps per breath.

[0036] In a preferred embodiment of the computer-implemented method of the present disclosure, the cyclic power ratio X : Y of steps per inspiration X and steps per expiration Y or the ratio Y : X of steps per expiration Y and steps per inspiration X is any combination, where X is a floating point number between 1 and 10 and Y is a floating point number between 1 and 10.

[0037] This has the advantage that any desired combination of X and Y can be calculated using the computer-implemented method. Because of the floating-point numbers, essentially any combination of X and Y that the user is currently performing can be determined, and essentially no information can be lost.

[0038] In a preferred embodiment of the computer-implemented method of the present disclosure, generating the assistance signal comprises adjusting the assistance signal to a nearest integer ratio of the cyclic duty ratio, preferably to a nearest ratio X:Y of steps per inspiration X and steps per expiration Y, such as 2:2, 2:3, 3:3, 3:4, 3:4, 4:4.

[0039] With this embodiment, the method can provide an assistance signal that automatically adjusts to a specific integer ratio of the cyclic duty ratio. For example, if the user has a step rate of 160 steps per minute and a breathing rate of 35 breaths per minute (bpm), the calculated cyclic duty ratio may be 160 divided by 33, equal to 4.8 steps per breath. The nearest integer would be 5 steps per breath. Therefore, the assistance signal can adjust to an X:Y ratio of 2:3 or an X:Y ratio of 3:2. In this way, the user can perform two steps per inspiration X and three steps per expiration Y, or 3 steps per inspiration X and two steps per expiration Y.

[0040] In one example, this embodiment may be referred to as a feedback mode, as described in more detail elsewhere. It should be understood that a target value may not be mandatory in such a mode, since the assist signal is adjusted to be close to the measured cyclic power ratio. However, a target value may well be included and used in such a feedback mode according to the computer-implemented method described herein.

[0041] In a preferred embodiment of the computer-implemented method of the present disclosure, the target value is a target ratio (pX : pY) of steps per inspiration (pX) and steps per expiration (pY) or a target ratio (pY : pX) of steps per expiration (pY) and steps per inspiration (pX), where pX is an integer between 1 and 10 and pY is an integer between 1 and 10.

[0042] This has the advantage that the target value can be a target ratio that provides the user with a joyful and vital experience, especially during a sporting activity. Additionally, the target value can be a target ratio that improves the user's well-being and vitality.

[0043] In a preferred embodiment of the computer-implemented method of the present disclosure, generating the assist signal comprises adjusting the assist signal to the target ratio.

[0044] When the assistance signal is aligned to the target ratio, this has the advantage that the user can adjust one or more actions to match the assistance signal when it is received. Such alignment can provide significant psychophysiological benefits that can motivate the user to perform a sporting activity and / or increase self-awareness and confidence during a sporting activity. Without wishing to be bound by any theory, it is believed that this is caused by psychophysiological aspects.

[0045] In a preferred embodiment of the computer-implemented method of the present disclosure, the assistance signal is configured to indicate to the user to change an action of the sporting activity when the cyclic power ratio differs from the target ratio, and / or wherein the assistance signal is configured to indicate to the user to maintain an action of the sporting activity when the cyclic power ratio substantially corresponds to the target ratio.

[0046] Changing an action can involve varying any action a user normally performs during a physical activity. For example, it can involve varying a movement, breathing, or the like. This has the advantage that the cyclic power ratio calculated based on the data obtained by the user can be essentially the same as the target ratio (at least after a change in the user's action). In this way, the user benefits, in particular, from an overall improved affective state during the physical activity for psychophysiological reasons.

[0047] In a preferred embodiment of the computer-implemented method of the present disclosure, the target ratio is based on past performance data of the user, an average of past performance data over a period of time, past performance data of a plurality of users, an average of past performance data over a period of time of a plurality of users, and / or information of the user, such as age, weight, gender.

[0048] It is advantageous to include various data when finding an optimal target ratio, as described herein. It should be understood that an optimal target ratio may depend on various factors, including, but not limited to, age, weight, gender, daily habits, or the like. Additionally, it may depend on the user's desired outcome; for example, a user who wants to become a mindful runner may have a different optimal target ratio than an elite marathon runner and / or a cyclist who wants to stay healthy, or the like. Past performance data of the user may have the advantage of identifying patterns or the like that are particularly suitable for improving the user's affective state during an exercise activity.

[0049] In a preferred embodiment of the computer-implemented method of the present disclosure, the assistance signal is configured to indicate to the user to change or maintain an action associated with the first physiological system and / or an action associated with the second physiological system.

[0050] This has the advantage of improving the user's experience by modifying or maintaining a corresponding action. In the case of running, it can support pacing strategies, economy, and / or positive psychological states.

[0051] As understood, changing or maintaining an action associated with the first physiological system may include changing or maintaining a pacing rate or the like. Furthermore, changing or maintaining an action associated with the second physiological system may include changing or maintaining a respiration rate or the like.

[0052] In a preferred embodiment of the computer-implemented method of the present disclosure, the adjustment is carried out after a time delay, preferably a time delay of at least 1 min, preferably at least 2 min, preferably at least 3 min, preferably at least 4 min, preferably at least 5 min, preferably at least 6 min, preferably at least 8 min, preferably at least 10 min, and / or after a time delay of at most 30 min, preferably of at most 25 min, preferably of at most 20 min, preferably of at most 18 min, preferably of at most 16 min, preferably of at most 14 min, preferably of at most 12 min, preferably of at most 10 min.

[0053] The inclusion of a time delay may have the advantage of allowing specific pacing to be achieved. Additionally or alternatively, this may provide perceptual benefits for the user. In some examples, it may be important to wait some time until the user feels comfortable adjusting to the assistance signal. This advantage is provided by the time delay described in this preferred embodiment.

[0054] In a preferred embodiment of the computer-implemented method of the present disclosure, the method comprises varying the target value in a predefined pattern, and comparing preferably comprises comparing the cyclic performance data value with the varied target value.

[0055] This has the additional advantage of providing a variation in the target value, allowing the method to indicate to the user to vary one or more actions during the course of the sporting activity. As understood, this can have the advantage of making the user more aware of the sporting activity. Furthermore, the optimal target value for a user may change during the course of the sporting activity. This can be appropriately accounted for by varying the target value in this way.

[0056] In a preferred embodiment of the computer-implemented method of the present disclosure, the assistance signal is configured to correlate the first cyclic power data and the second cyclic power data using movement-respiration coupling (LRC).

[0057] The term LRC can be used to refer to the synchronization and / or coordination between a user's breathing pattern (e.g., breathing) and their movements (e.g., locomotion), for example, during physical activity. Through such coupling, the user's body may tend to coordinate breathing with the rhythm of movement. This can have an additional benefit in optimizing energy consumption and / or efficiency. At the same time, it can provide a pleasurable and / or vital experience, particularly during physical activity. Furthermore, it can increase the user's well-being and / or vitality. Typically, such coupling is far from perfectly coordinated during physical activity, as the current state of the art lacks such support.Additionally, such coupling is influenced by various factors such as exercise intensity, fitness level, and / or individual preferences of the user. Using the method disclosed here, the coupling can be improved to correspond to values ​​known to be beneficial to the user. Through the comparison and the generated support signal, the user may thus be able to adjust their movement-respiration coupling over time, e.g., during the course of the sporting activity. This may further improve performance and / or reduce the risk of fatigue and / or overexertion.

[0058] In a preferred embodiment of the computer-implemented method of the present disclosure, the method further comprises: performing a reflection step for collecting information of the user of the sporting activity; performing a tracking step for collecting further information of the user; generating, using the processor, a guidance signal based on the information of the user of the sporting activity and the further information of the user; outputting, using an output means, the generated guidance signal to the user.

[0059] This has the advantage that the user's well-being, willpower, and / or vitality can generally be increased. For example, the guidance signal can indicate that the user is about to start a physical activity. Subsequently, the user can feel safe. This has an additional educational benefit for the user. Additionally or alternatively, the user can feel competent to perform a physical activity planned for the future. The user may also experience changes, such as mental and / or physiological changes, during the course of a physical activity. This can increase the user's awareness. Furthermore, the user can develop a routine when performing a physical activity. In this way, the user's self-control and / or self-regulation is improved.Furthermore, this embodiment can guide the user to start, establish and / or maintain a routine when performing a sporting activity with the goal of increased well-being.

[0060] The term "willpower" refers to the ability of users to perform conscious and purposeful actions based on their own desires, intentions, and beliefs. Willpower encompasses self-regulatory functions that enable the initiation and maintenance of a goal, even when obstacles and barriers arise.

[0061] Performing a "reflection step" may include any evaluation of the physical activity performed by the user. For example, the reflection step may include completing a questionnaire or the like. In such an example, the user may answer one or more questions related to vitality and / or fatigue, or the like. Reflecting on a physical activity has an overall positive effect for the user, as the user's awareness of the physical activity may be increased.

[0062] Performing a tracking step may comprise performing a heart rate measurement. Further, it may comprise performing a resting heart rate variability (resting HRV) measurement of the user. The user's resting HRV may be measured at any time of day, but measuring resting HRV in the morning may be advantageous. Performing a tracking step may generally comprise any means of tracking any daily life activity. Further, the tracking step may be implemented using an activity tracker, a smartphone tracker, an inertial measurement unit, or the like. Performing a tracking step may optionally additionally or alternatively comprise tracking a menstrual cycle.Completing a tracking step may additionally or alternatively include completing a daily diary in which perceived well-being, vitality, and / or fatigue are noted.

[0063] Resting heart rate variability (resting HRV) refers to the naturally occurring fluctuations in the time interval between consecutive heartbeats while a user is essentially at rest. Simply put, it can be the variation in the duration of time between consecutive heartbeats when a user is not engaging in physical and / or mental activity.

[0064] A higher resting HRV may indicate that intervals between heartbeats are more variable, while a lower resting HRV may indicate that the intervals are more consistent or uniform. Resting HRV may be an essential marker of the activity of the user's body's autonomic nervous system (ANS). The ANS may be responsible for regulating involuntary bodily functions, including heart rate, digestion, respiratory rate, and more. Higher HRV may generally be associated with better functioning of the autonomic nervous system and overall health, while lower HRV may indicate increased stress, fatigue, and / or potential health problems. Monitoring resting HRV can provide valuable insights into a user's overall well-being, stress levels, and physiological resilience.It can also help medical professionals assess the effectiveness of certain treatments or interventions and can guide users in adopting lifestyle changes to improve their health and effectively manage stress.

[0065] In a further aspect of the present disclosure, the objects are achieved by a computer-implemented method for assisting a user, in particular for increasing the user's well-being, for increasing the user's vitality, and / or for improving one or more psychophysiological states of the user, the method comprising: performing a reflection step for collecting information from the user, such as information from the user about a sporting activity; performing a tracking step for collecting further information from the user; generating, using a processor, a guidance signal based on the user's information about the sporting activity and the further user information; outputting, using an output means, the generated guidance signal to the user.

[0066] The above computer-implemented method for assisting a user, in particular for increasing the user's well-being, for increasing the user's vitality and / or for improving one or more psychophysiological states of the user, may comprise one or more of the computer-implemented method steps described elsewhere herein.

[0067] The assessment of (a) “psychophysiological state(s)” refers to the state or condition of an individual resulting from the interaction between psychological processes (e.g., thoughts, emotions, and / or mental states) and physiological responses (e.g., bodily functions and / or changes). It represents the intertwining of psychological and physiological aspects of an individual’s experience. Emotions, thoughts, and / or mental states can influence physiological responses, and vice versa. For example, when an individual experiences anxiety and / or fear, their heart rate may increase, their palms may become sweaty, and / or they may feel a sense of alertness. Conversely, physical changes in the body, such as an increase in stress hormones, can affect an individual’s emotional and cognitive functioning.Psychophysiological states play a significant role in how an individual responds to various situations, copes with stress, and / or experiences general well-being. These states can be studied and / or measured using various methods, such as biofeedback and / or by using various physiological sensors to monitor bodily changes. Psychophysiological states can be particularly important in areas such as sports and / or performance enhancement. Psychophysiological states can be helpful in identifying patterns and / or connections between psychological experiences and physiological responses. This can lead to more effective interventions and / or treatments for various emotional and physical conditions.

[0068] In a preferred embodiment of the computer-implemented method of the present disclosure, the guidance signal is configured to indicate to the user to start a sporting activity.

[0069] This enhances the benefits mentioned elsewhere herein in that the well-being and / or vitality of the user may be increased. The guidance signal may additionally or alternatively be accompanied by a notification sent to the user. In one example, the guidance signal may be a notification sent to the user. The notification sent to the user may, in some cases, be referred to as a "nudge." The notification sent to the user may indicate to the user to perform an action. The notification may be targeted to indicate to the user to perform an action or provide guidance at specific times. These "specific times" may be customized to motivate the user to perform a physical activity.This can prompt the user to perform a physical activity at a time that, in the long term, proves particularly beneficial in increasing the user's well-being and / or vitality. For example, the notification can help the user overcome barriers. The notification can include situational information.

[0070] In a preferred embodiment of the computer-implemented method of the present disclosure, the guidance signal is configured to indicate to the user to start a sporting activity when the user's further information corresponds to further information collected in the past prior to performing a sporting activity.

[0071] This enhances the benefits mentioned elsewhere herein in that the user's well-being and / or vitality may be increased. It is particularly beneficial when the user performs a physical activity based on previous experience that has been identified as increasing the user's well-being and / or vitality. In this way, the computer-implemented method can be adapted to detect such recurring situations to increase the user's self-awareness.

[0072] In a preferred embodiment of the computer-implemented method of the present disclosure, the support signal and / or the guidance signal is an audio signal and / or a visual signal, wherein the support signal is preferably an audio signal, wherein the audio signal preferably comprises one or more of a single tone, a stretched tone, a morphed soundscape, a music track.

[0073] This has the advantage that the assistance signal and / or guidance signal are easily perceived by the user. During a sporting activity, an audio signal may be less intellectually demanding for a user and may be more easily recognized than a visual signal. However, when no sporting activity is being performed, visual signals are more easily recognized and may therefore be better appreciated by a user.

[0074] The audio signal can generally be any electrical representation of sound that can be transmitted, recorded, and / or processed. Some other examples of audio signals that are fully compatible with the present disclosure include speech, sound effects, ambient sounds, broadcasts, podcasts, audiobooks, phone calls, musical instruments, white noise, or the like. A morphed soundscape can refer to an audio composition or recording created by mixing and transforming different sounds, typically from different sources or environments, to create a seamless and immersive listening experience that evolves and changes over time.

[0075] In a preferred embodiment of the computer-implemented method of the present disclosure, the cyclic performance data is obtained using one or more of a strain sensor, a pressure sensor, a volumetric sensor.

[0076] This has the advantage of obtaining cyclic performance data in a simple and efficient manner. In particular, such sensors are easily recognized by users and can be easily implemented today. These sensors are particularly advantageous for obtaining second cyclic performance data, such as respiration data.

[0077] In a preferred embodiment of the computer-implemented method of the present disclosure, the cyclic performance data is obtained using one or more of an acceleration sensor, a pressure sensor.

[0078] This has the advantage that cyclic performance data can be obtained in a simple and efficient manner. In particular, such sensors are easily recognized by users and can be easily implemented today. These sensors are particularly advantageous for obtaining the first cyclic performance data, such as step data and / or gait data.

[0079] In a further aspect, the objects are achieved by a data processing device comprising means for carrying out the computer-implemented method as described herein.

[0080] In a further aspect, the objects are achieved by a computer program comprising instructions that, when executed by a computer, cause the computer to perform one or more method steps of the computer-implemented method as described herein.

[0081] It is noted that the processor, data processing device, and computer program as described herein may encompass all aspects and / or embodiments described herein, even if they are not explicitly described as means associated with the processor, data processing device, and computer program, but rather with reference to the computer-implemented method as described elsewhere herein. Therefore, it is understood that the technical features shown or described for the computer-implemented method, the advantages, and the improvements over the prior art are equally applicable to the processor, data processing device, and computer program.

[0082] In a further aspect, the objects are achieved by a piece of sports clothing for assisting a user, in particular during a sporting activity, such as a cyclical sporting activity such as running, the clothing comprising: measuring means for obtaining cyclical performance data associated with the user during a sporting activity, wherein the cyclical performance data comprises first cyclical performance data associated with a first physiological system of the user; processing means for calculating a cyclical performance data value based on the first cyclical performance data and for generating, based on the cyclical performance data value, an assistance signal; and output means for outputting the generated assistance signal to the user.

[0083] It is noted that the features and advantages described elsewhere herein with reference to the method steps of the computer-implemented method and with reference to the system may equally apply to the sportswear, even if not explicitly described as such. The same applies vice versa.

[0084] In a preferred embodiment of the athletic apparel of the present disclosure, the cyclic performance data further comprises second cyclic performance data associated with a second physiological system of the user, wherein calculating the cyclic performance data value is further based on the second cyclic performance data, and wherein the processing means is further configured to compare the cyclic performance data value to a target value, wherein the target value is associated with the first physiological system of the user and a second physiological system of the user that is different from the first physiological system, wherein generating the assistance signal is further based on the comparison.

[0085] The respective advantages described with reference to the computer-implemented method are equally applicable to the sports garment according to the above preferred embodiment.

[0086] In a preferred embodiment of the athletic garment of the present disclosure, the athletic garment is a bra, a shirt, pants, or the like.

[0087] In a further aspect, the objects are achieved by a system for assisting a user, in particular during a sporting activity, such as a cyclical sporting activity such as running, the system comprising: a measuring means for obtaining cyclical performance data associated with the user during a sporting activity, wherein the cyclical performance data comprises first cyclical performance data associated with a first physiological system of the user, wherein the measuring means is attachable to a piece of sports clothing and / or is an integral part of the piece of sports clothing; a device, in particular an electronic device, for calculating a cyclical performance data value based on the first cyclical performance data and for generating, based on the cyclical performance data value, an assistance signal, wherein the device is attachable to the garment;an output means for outputting the generated assistance signal to the user;

[0088] It is noted that the features and advantages described elsewhere herein with reference to the method steps of the computer-implemented method may equally apply to the system, even if not explicitly described as such. The same applies vice versa.

[0089] The measuring device may be implemented using one or more sensors described elsewhere herein. It is understood that some measuring devices may not be attachable like respiration sensors.

[0090] The device, in particular the electronic device, may be attachable to the garment via connectors. In one example, it is preferable not to wash the device to increase its longevity. The device may enable the recording of respiratory data, e.g., from sensors, and movement data, also from sensors. In one example, real-time audio playback of respiratory data and movement data may be provided. The device may provide an assistance signal to the user via an audio representation, e.g., for inhalation and exhalation, for foot strike events, for respiratory rate, or the like. The device may be configured to provide playback feedback to achieve specific rates for breathing and / or movement (e.g., running). For example, a specific sound may be played to assist the user in adjusting a breathing and / or foot strike pattern.The device may be configured to provide instructions for breathing exercises while performing a physical activity, before, after, and / or when the user is at rest. The device may be configured to record training statistics. The device may be configured to be directly connected to output means, such as headphones, in particular wireless headphones, such as Bluetooth headphones. The device may be configured to be connected to a smartphone and / or a smartwatch, preferably wirelessly, such as via Bluetooth. Such a connection may be provided at the initiative of the smartphone and / or the smartwatch.

[0091] In a preferred embodiment of the system of the present disclosure, the cyclic performance data further comprises second cyclic performance data associated with a second physiological system of the user, wherein calculating the cyclic performance data value is further based on the second cyclic performance data, and wherein the device is further configured to compare the cyclic performance data value to a target value, wherein the target value is associated with the first physiological system of the user and a second physiological system of the user that is different from the first physiological system, wherein generating the assistance signal is further based on the comparison.

[0092] The respective advantages described with reference to the computer-implemented method are equally applicable to the system.

[0093] In a preferred embodiment of the system of the present disclosure, the output means is an audio output means, such as headphones, for outputting the signal; and wherein the system preferably further comprises a program, such as a smartphone application or a smartwatch application, for downloading workouts from the device.

[0094] The program, such as the smartphone application, can be configured to establish a connection between the device, in particular the electronic device, and the output means. The program, such as the smartphone application, can be configured to download training statistics from the device. The program, such as the smartphone application, can be configured to provide user account access. The program, such as the smartphone application, can be implemented on a smart device. The program, such as the smartphone application, can be configured to display a training diary and / or training recommendation(s) in the form of one or more diagrams, graphs, or the like. The program, such as the smartphone application, can be configured to connect to other data sources of the smartphone (e.g., activity tracking) and / or other apps of the smartphone.

[0095] It should be noted that the term "substantially," as used herein, may be used to include minor tolerances and / or variations. Therefore, any values ​​or arrangements described using this term may vary slightly from the values ​​or arrangements described. 4. Short description of the characters

[0096] The invention is described in more detail below with reference to the following figures: Fig. 1: shows an exemplary flowchart of a computer-implemented method for assisting a user according to an embodiment of the present disclosure. Fig. 2: shows an exemplary athletic garment and system for assisting a user according to an embodiment of the present disclosure. Fig. 3: shows an exemplary block diagram of a computer-implemented method for assisting a user according to an embodiment of the present disclosure. Fig. 4: shows an exemplary block diagram of a computer-implemented method for assisting a user, and in particular for increasing the user's well-being, increasing the user's vitality, and / or improving one or more psychophysiological conditions of the user, according to an embodiment of the present disclosure. 5. Detailed description of the preferred embodiments

[0097] Only a few possible embodiments of the invention are described in detail below. However, the present invention is not limited to these, and a variety of other embodiments are applicable without departing from the scope of the invention. The illustrated embodiments can be modified and combined with each other in various ways whenever compatible, and certain features can be omitted where they appear unnecessary. In particular, the disclosed embodiments can be modified by combining certain features of one embodiment with one or more features of another embodiment.

[0098] It is understood that not all features of the described aspects / embodiments need to be present to realize the technical advantages provided by the present disclosure, which is defined by the subject matter of the claims. The disclosed aspects / embodiments may be modified by combining certain features of one aspect / embodiment with one or more features of another aspect / embodiment. In particular, those skilled in the art will understand that features and / or functional elements of one aspect / embodiment may be combined with technically compatible features and / or functional elements of another aspect / embodiment of the present disclosure, provided that the resulting combination falls within the definition of the present disclosure.

[0099] Throughout the present figures and description, the same reference numerals refer to the same elements. For clarity and conciseness, certain aspects of components or steps of certain embodiments are presented without undue detail, where such detail would be obvious to one of ordinary skill in the art in light of the teachings herein and / or where such detail would obscure an understanding of more relevant aspects of the embodiments.

[0100] The terms "one end", "the other end", "outside", "upper", "above", "inside", "below", "beneath", "horizontal", "coaxial", "central", "end", "part", "length", "outer end", etc., which indicate the orientation or positional relationship, are based on the orientation or positional relationship shown in the drawings.

[0101] The terms "upper", "above", "below", "below" and the like, as used in the present invention to indicate a relative position in space, are used for the purpose of ease of explanation to describe one user, athletic apparel, element, part, object and / or feature shown in the drawings relative to the relationship of another user, athletic apparel, element, part, object and / or feature.

[0102] The described method steps, components, modules, functions, and / or functional elements of the devices, apparatus, and systems disclosed herein may be implemented in hardware, software, or a combination thereof. For example, the described method steps, components, modules, functions, and / or functional elements of the devices, apparatus, and systems disclosed herein may be implemented via application-specific hardware components, such as application-specific integrated circuits, ASICs and / or field-programmable gate arrays, FPGAs, and / or similar components, and / or application-specific software modules, applications, or subroutines executing on general-purpose data and signal processing circuits, such as CPUs, DSPs, and / or systems on a chip (SOCs) or similar components, or any combination thereof.For example, the various method steps, components, modules, functions, and / or functional elements, etc., described herein may be implemented on a general-purpose data and signal processing device configured to execute application-specific software modules and to communicate with various sensor devices and / or systems via conventional wireless communication interfaces, such as near-field communication (NFC), optical telemetry, Wi-Fi, and / or a Bluetooth interface. For example, aspects of the computer-implemented method described herein may be implemented on a smartphone or tablet computer or similar computing device. Alternatively, the various method steps, components, modules, functions, and / or functional elements described herein may also be part of an integrated device, apparatus, or system.

[0103] Fig. Figure 1 shows an exemplary flowchart of a computer-implemented method 100 for assisting a user 10 according to an embodiment of the present disclosure. It should be understood that all features and advantages described with reference to this figure are also applicable to the athletic apparel 1000 and the system 2000 for assisting a user, as described elsewhere herein.

[0104] The computer-implemented method 100 is configured to inform a user, particularly during a sporting activity 15 (as best described in Fig. 4), such as a cyclical sporting activity such as running. The computer-implemented method 100 comprises: Obtaining 110, using a measuring means 30 (as best shown in Fig. 2 and in Fig. 3), of cyclic performance data 20 (as best seen in Fig. 3) associated with the user 10 during a sporting activity 15, wherein the cyclic power data 20 comprises first cyclic power data 20a associated with a first physiological system of the user 10. The computer-implemented method 100 further comprises calculating 120, using a processor, a cyclic power data value 21 (as best shown in Fig. 3) based on the first cyclic performance data 20a. The computer-implemented method 100 further comprises generating 130, using the processor, a support signal based on the cyclic performance data value 21. The computer-implemented method 100 further comprises outputting 140, using an output means 40 (as best shown in Fig. 2), the generated support signal to the user 10.

[0105] The cyclic performance data 20 may further comprise second cyclic performance data 20b associated with a second physiological system of the user 10. Furthermore, calculating 120 the cyclic performance data value 21 may further be based on the second cyclic performance data 20b, and the computer-implemented method 100 may further comprise comparing 125 (in Fig. 1 by a dashed box to indicate that this is an optional step), using the processor, comparing the cyclic performance data value 21 with a target value, wherein the target value is associated with the first physiological system of the user 10 and the second physiological system of the user 10. Furthermore, generating 130 the assistance signal may be based on the comparison 125.

[0106] Fig. 2 shows an exemplary athletic garment 1000 and a system 2000 for assisting a user 10 according to an embodiment of the present disclosure.

[0107] The sportswear item 1000 is configured to support a user 10, particularly during a sports activity 15 (as best described in Fig. 4), such as a cyclical sporting activity such as running, wherein the sports garment 1000 comprises a measuring means 30 for obtaining cyclic performance data 20 associated with the user 10 during a sporting activity 15. The cyclic performance data 20 comprises first cyclic performance data 20a associated with a first physiological system of the user 10. The sports garment 1000 further comprises a processing means 60 for calculating a cyclic performance data value 21 based on the first cyclic performance data 20a. The processing means 60 is further configured to generate an assistance signal based on the cyclic performance data value 21. The sports garment 1000 further comprises an output means 40 for outputting the generated assistance signal to the user 10.

[0108] Although the athletic garment 1000 is labeled with a preceding "sport," this in no way implies or limits that the athletic garment 1000 can only be worn by a user 10 when the user is performing a sporting activity 15. Rather, the athletic garment 1000 can be worn during any type of activity and / or during any occasion of daily life. In one example, the athletic garment 1000 can be a bra, a shirt, pants, or the like. Other non-limiting examples of an athletic garment 1000 include tennis skirts, golf polo shirts, cycling jerseys, yoga pants, track and field spikes, volleyball knee pads, ice hockey gloves, leotards, ski jackets, climbing harnesses, and rugby scrum caps, as long as they can be used for a cyclical sporting activity.

[0109] Furthermore, Fig. 2 also a respective system 2000 for assisting a user 10, in particular during a sporting activity 15 (as best shown in Fig. 4), such as a cyclical sporting activity such as running. The system 2000 comprises a measuring means 30 for obtaining cyclical performance data 20 associated with the user 10 during a sporting activity 15. The cyclical performance data 20 comprises first cyclical performance data 20a associated with a first physiological system of the user 10. The measuring means 30 can be attachable to a piece of sports clothing and / or can be an integral part of the sports clothing. The system 2000 further comprises a device 60, in particular an electronic device, for calculating a cyclical performance data value 21 based on the first cyclical performance data 20a. The device 60 is further configured to generate an assistance signal based on the cyclical performance data value 21. The device 60 can be attachable to the sports clothing.The system 2000 further comprises an output means 40 for outputting the generated assistance signal to the user 10.

[0110] The output device 40 may be an audio output device 40, such as headphones, for outputting the assistance signal. The system 2000 may further include a program, such as a smartphone application 70 or a smartwatch application 70, for downloading training sessions from the device 60.

[0111] The device 60 of the system 2000 may include substantially the same features and thus substantially the same advantages as described with respect to the processing means 60 of the sports garment 1000, and vice versa.

[0112] It is noted that the computer-implemented method 100 (as best described in Fig. 1), the sports garment 1000 and the system 2000 support the user 10, in particular, during a sporting activity 15. Thus, it is understood that the computer-implemented method 100, the sports garment 1000, and the system 2000 also support the user 10 when the user 10 is not performing a sporting activity.

[0113] Fig. Figure 3 shows an exemplary block diagram of a computer-implemented method 100 for assisting a user 15 according to an embodiment of the present disclosure. It should be understood that all features and advantages described with reference to Fig. 3 are also applicable to the sportswear item 1000 and the system 2000 for assisting a user, as described elsewhere herein. Furthermore, the computer-implemented method 100 according to the embodiment of Fig. 3 similar and / or with the computer-implemented method 100 of Fig. 1, and additional features are described merely for the sake of brevity. As should be understood, these additional features are merely for the purpose of illustrating the inventive concept and are not to be construed as limiting the scope of protection.

[0114] The first cyclic performance data 20a may be movement data 20a, such as step data 20a and / or gait data 20b, and the second cyclic performance data 20b may be respiration data 20b. The respiration data 20b may include a respiration rate, a respiration phase, such as inhalation or exhalation. The step data 20a may include a step rate, and the gait data 20b may include a gait rate.

[0115] As described elsewhere, the first physiological system and / or the second physiological system of the user 15 may be any suitable system of the user 15. In addition to the physiological systems mentioned above that result in movement data 20a and / or respiration data 20b, the following further examples of data associated with a physiological system may be mentioned and may be useful: heart rate, blood pressure, body temperature, digestion, hormone secretion, pupil dilation, or the like. Heart rate, i.e., the rate at which the heart can beat, is primarily controlled by the autonomic nervous system. Blood pressure, i.e., the force exerted by circulating blood on the walls of blood vessels, can be regulated by various factors, including the autonomic nervous system, hormonal influences, and kidney function.Body temperature can be regulated by the hypothalamus, which can act as the body's thermostat. It can trigger mechanisms such as sweating or shivering to maintain a relatively constant core temperature. The digestive process, including the secretion of digestive enzymes, movement of food through the gastrointestinal tract, and / or absorption of nutrients, can be primarily regulated by the autonomic nervous system and the endocrine system. Hormone secretion can play a critical role in regulating various bodily functions, including growth, metabolism, reproduction, and stress responses. Pupil dilation (the size of the pupils), which can control the amount of light entering the eyes, can be regulated by the iris muscles. Pupil dilation can be controlled by the autonomic nervous system in response to changes in light or emotional states.

[0116] The step of obtaining 110 using a measuring means 30 may include the use of one or more sensors 30.

[0117] The cyclic performance data 20, and in particular the second cyclic performance data 20b (such as respiration data), can be obtained using one or more of a strain sensor 30, a pressure sensor 30, or a volumetric sensor 30. For the sake of brevity, all possible sensors may be indicated by reference numeral 30 in the figures. However, it is understood that different sensors may be meant, as will become apparent from the present description.

[0118] A volumetric sensor (flow sensor) can measure airflow in a substantially direct manner, e.g., using a flowmeter. The flowmeter can be placed at the user's mouth. Such sensors are quite accurate for estimating tidal volume, i.e., the liters of air per breath. The airflow can be further analyzed to identify a specific gas content, such as oxygen / carbon dioxide or the like.

[0119] A strain sensor can measure the expansion of the thorax across one or more bands. A sensor can operate according to resistive, impedance, inductive, and / or fiber optic principles.

[0120] A pressure sensor can measure the pressure generated by the expansion and / or contraction of the user's chest. A pressure sensor can operate according to capacitive principles.

[0121] Strain and / or pressure sensors are particularly advantageous for mobile respiratory measurements. These are relatively unobtrusive, which users appreciate. Additionally, they can be robust against motion artifacts. Furthermore, these sensors can be sweat-resistant and unaffected by ambient noise. Strain sensors have the advantage of a high signal-to-noise ratio and can be used in parallel for different anatomical locations of the user. Pressure sensors can be more robust against repeated washing cycles and normal wear.

[0122] It has been found that it is advantageous to arrange the strain sensor 30 near or around the thorax of the user 10 (e.g. as exemplified in Fig. 2). The primary location should be at the level of the xiphoid process (which is a small cartilaginous extension of the lower (bottom) part of the sternum that is typically ossified in the adult human). If a second strain sensor is included, the second strain sensor should be located near or around the umbilicus (the middle of the abdomen). If a pressure sensor is used, it could function on the anterior, lateral, and / or posterior thorax of the user 10.

[0123] The cyclic power data 20 and in particular the first cyclic power data 20a (such as step data and / or gait data) can be obtained by means of one or more of an acceleration sensor 30, a pressure sensor 30.

[0124] In an accelerometer (e.g., used to obtain the first cyclic performance data 20a, such as step data and / or gait data), a force caused by vibration and / or a change in movement (i.e., acceleration) may cause a mass to compress a piezoelectric material, which generates an electrical charge that may be proportional to the force applied to it. An accelerometer could be placed anywhere, with locations near the center of the chest or the center of the back being particularly advantageous locations. Accelerometers are unobtrusive, inexpensive, have low power requirements, and are quite accurate for detecting gait rate. Pressure sensors are more intrusive than accelerometers and may require their own power supply.However, pressure sensors can be more accurate than accelerometers and can provide additional data richness.

[0125] As further stated in Fig. As shown in Figure 3, the calculating step 120 may include calculating the cyclic power data value 21, where the value 21 is a cyclic power ratio 21 of the first cyclic power data 20a and the second cyclic power data 20b. For example, it may be a ratio of the stride rate to the respiration rate or a ratio of the gait rate to the respiration rate.

[0126] In the specific embodiment of Fig. 3, the cyclic power ratio 21 can be a ratio X : Y of steps per inspiration X and steps per expiration Y or a ratio Y : X of steps per expiration Y and steps per inspiration X. X and / or Y can be any floating-point number between 1 and 10.

[0127] The step of generating 130 the assistance signal may comprise adjusting the assistance signal to a nearest integer ratio of the cyclic duty ratio 21, preferably to a nearest ratio X:Y of steps per inspiration X and steps per expiration Y, such as 2:2, 2:3, 3:3, 3:4, 3:4, 4:4. Other examples of a nearest integer ratio are well within the present disclosure (e.g., this may depend on the floating point values ​​of X and Y). An integer ratio means that X and / or Y may be rounded up or down to an integer value. Adjusting may comprise the computer-implemented method 100 outputting an assistance signal that provides a sound corresponding to the nearest integer ratio.

[0128] As noted herein, the method 100 may further comprise comparing 125, using the processor, the cyclic performance data value 21 to a target value associated with the first physiological system of the user 10 and the second physiological system of the user 10. The target value may be a target ratio pX:pY of steps per inspiration pX and steps per expiration pY, or a target ratio pY:pX of steps per expiration pY and steps per inspiration pX. pX may be an integer between 1 and 10, and pY may be an integer between 1 and 10. Further, the step of generating 130 the assistance signal may comprise adjusting the assistance signal to the target ratio.

[0129] In general, the assistance signal may be configured to indicate to the user 10 to change an action of the sporting activity 15 when the cyclic power ratio 21 differs from the target ratio. Furthermore, the assistance signal may be configured to indicate to the user 10 to maintain an action of the sporting activity 15 when the cyclic power ratio 21 substantially corresponds to the target ratio.

[0130] The target ratio may be based on past performance data of the user 10, an average of past performance data over a period of time, past performance data of a plurality of users 10, an average of past performance data over a period of a plurality of users 10, and / or information of the user 10, such as age, weight, gender. The target ratio may also be based on commonly used ratios and / or individually preferred ratios (these could, for example, be measured during a sporting activity 15).

[0131] The method 100 may include varying the target value in a predefined pattern, and the method may include comparing 125 the cyclic performance data value 21 with the varied target value.

[0132] The adjustment step described here may be performed after a time delay as described elsewhere herein.

[0133] As in the embodiment of Fig. As shown in Figure 3, the cyclic power ratio 21 is indicated as the LRC ratio. Thus, the assistance signal is configured to correlate the first cyclic power data 20a and the second cyclic power data 20b using movement-respiration coupling (LRC). The term LRC describes the synchronization and / or coordination between the pattern of a user 10 (respiration) and the movements of a user 10 (locomotion), for example, during the sporting activity 15.

[0134] This can have an additional benefit in optimizing energy consumption and / or efficiency. At the same time, it can increase the user's well-being and / or vitality.

[0135] The support signal may be an audio signal and / or a visual signal. Preferably, the support signal is an audio signal, as in Fig. 3. The audio signal preferably comprises one or more of a single tone, a stretched tone, a morphed soundscape, or a music track. Furthermore, the single tone may comprise a fixed duration, a beep, or the like. The stretched tone may comprise an adaptive duration or the like. The morphed soundscape may be based on predefined building blocks.

[0136] The method 100 may also include headset control including gear shift, voice-over, and / or guidance duration.

[0137] As further stated in Fig. 3, after generating 130 the assistance signal, the assistance signal is output 140 to the user 10.

[0138] The method 100 allows for various assistance modes, as described below, which may affect the step of generating 130 the assistance signal.

[0139] For example, the method 100 enables a guidance-only mode. In such a mode, a fixed target ratio, such as a fixed LRC ratio, may be set (e.g., an X:Y or Y:X ratio of 3:3 or 2:2, or the like). If the user 10 changes an action, e.g., if the user 10 takes smaller steps and / or faster steps and / or breathes more slowly during an athletic activity 15, the calculated cyclic power ratio 21 may vary, e.g., from 3:3 to 4:4. In this case, the assistance signal may be aligned with the fixed target ratio, such as a fixed LRC ratio. Therefore, the user 10 is indicated to change an action, which is attributable to the assistance signal. For example, the user 10 will then take larger steps and / or slower steps and / or breathe faster to maintain a cyclic power ratio 21 X:Y or Y:X of 3:3 or 2:2 or the like.

[0140] Furthermore, the method 100 enables a feedback mode in which the method 100 considers a current, nearest LRC ratio performed by the user 10. For example, if the user has a step rate of 160 steps per minute and a breathing rate of 35 breaths per minute (bpm), the calculated cyclic power ratio 21 may be 160 / 33 = 4.8 steps per breath. The nearest integer would be 5 steps per breath. Therefore, the assistance signal may adjust to an X:Y ratio of 2:3 or an X:Y ratio of 3:2.

[0141] Still further, the method 100 enables a feedforward mode in which the method 100 calculates the current closest cyclic power ratio 21 (which may be, for example, an LRC ratio 21) and adjusts the target ratio to vary the cyclic power ratio 21 in the future. For example, the corresponding assistance signal may indicate that the user 10 is transitioning from a cyclic power ratio 21 of 2:3 to a cyclic power ratio 21 of 3:3.

[0142] The method 100 can also facilitate the output of an assistance signal to promote event matching. In this way, the assistance signal can be synchronized (very precisely) with the time at which the user 10 performs a step or a walk. To fully benefit from the advantages of such event matching, it is advantageous to use accurate measuring means 30 (e.g., sensors) and / or advanced algorithms. This assistance signal can thus be configured to indicate to the user 10 to exhale or inhale when the user 10 performs a step or a walk.Such a display may occur with every step of the user 10, with every second step of the user 10, with every third step of the user 10, with every fourth step of the user 10, with every fifth step of the user 10, with every sixth step of the user 10, with every seventh step of the user 10, with every eighth step of the user 10, with every ninth step of the user 10, with every tenth step of the user 10 and / or with every other step of the user 10. Such a display may also occur in the form of a pattern, so that the step at which the display is sent to the signals varies. This may have the advantage of changing a usual habit of the user 10 during a sporting activity 15.Furthermore, this may make the sporting activity 15 more challenging for the user 10, as the user 10 may need to be alerted to and / or warned by an indication provided by the assistance signal. It has been found that stepping substantially at the time of inhalation or exhalation may confer metabolic and neuromuscular benefits through lower diaphragmatic workload on the user 10. This, in turn, improves the sporting activity 15 of the user 10. Additionally, the user 10 may feel safer, as, for example, in the case of running, the same distance can be completed at a faster running pace.

[0143] Overall, the method 100 has the advantage that the enjoyment of the user 10 and / or the performance of the user 10 can be improved. In particular, the user 10 can be supported to engage in enjoyable and beneficial physical activity through adapted movement (e.g., steps / gaits) and / or an adapted breathing rhythm. It has been found that when a user 10 performs physical activity 15 with a cyclic power ratio 21 of 2:2, 2:3, 3:3, 3:4, or 4:4, this can have a metabolic benefit, as it is believed to reduce the work of breathing. Furthermore, it can have a neuromuscular benefit, as the risk of side stitches can be reduced. In addition, it has perceptual benefits, as pacing awareness is increased.

[0144] Fig. 4 shows an exemplary block diagram of a computer-implemented method 200 for assisting a user 10, and in particular for increasing the well-being of the user 10, for increasing the vitality of the user 10, and / or for improving one or more psychophysiological states of the user 10, according to an embodiment of the present disclosure. It is noted that the computer-implemented method 200 may include one or more method steps of the computer-implemented method 100 described elsewhere herein and also in Fig. 4 are shown.

[0145] The computer-implemented method 200 comprises performing a reflection step 210 for collecting information from the user 10, such as information from the user 10 about a sporting activity 15. The computer-implemented method 200 may further comprise performing a tracking step 220 for collecting further information from the user 10. The computer-implemented method 200 may further comprise generating, using a processor, a guidance signal 230 based on the information from the user 10 about the sporting activity 15 and the further information from the user 10. The computer-implemented method 200 further comprises outputting, using an output means, the generated guidance signal 230 to the user 10.

[0146] Two exemplary reflection steps 210 are shown in Fig. 4. The reflection step 210 may include completing a questionnaire, for example, before and after a sporting activity 15, in which the user 10 may enter information related to vitality and / or fatigue or the like. Furthermore, the reflection step 210 may include a general feedback step 210 in which vitality fatigue, a daily activity, HRV, menstruation (if applicable), and / or running intensity are assessed and / or processed. This may be done manually by the user 10 and / or automatically by means of sensors and / or programs that evaluate information collected from the user 10. As also shown in Fig. 4, the reflection step 210 may include completing an initial questionnaire on motivation and willpower.

[0147] It has been determined that providing such a method 200 as described herein has the additional benefit of influencing outcome expectations and / or self-efficacy by performing a reflection step 210 that includes evaluating outcome experiences. Therefore, outcome expectations and / or self-efficacy may be positively influenced by such a reflection step 210.

[0148] The tracking step 220 is in Fig. 4 by the gray box 220. It may include maintaining a daily diary of vitality and / or fatigue. It may include tracking a daily living activity using an activity tracker, a smartphone tracker, an inertial measurement unit, or the like. Furthermore, stress and / or recovery may be tracked using HRV, as described elsewhere herein. Furthermore, a menstrual cycle may be tracked (if applicable).

[0149] As in Fig. As shown in Figure 4, the generation of the guidance signal 230 and the output of the generated guidance signal 230 to the user 10 can be performed on different occasions. This has the advantage of guiding the user 10 to a routine when performing a sporting activity 15 and / or of increasing the well-being and / or vitality of the user 10. The guidance signal 230 can additionally or alternatively be accompanied by a notification sent to the user 10. In one example, the guidance signal 230 can be a notification sent to the user. The notification 230 sent to the user 10 can be understood as a nudge that can indicate to the user 10 to perform an arbitrary action. The notification can be targeted to display a message to the user 10 at specific times.These "specific times" can be customized to motivate the user 10 to perform a physical activity 15. This can cause the user 10 to perform a physical activity 15 at a time that proves particularly useful in increasing the well-being and / or vitality of the user 10 in the short, medium, and / or long term. As shown in FIG. Fig. 4, after a training plan has been initiated, the guidance signal 230 can help the user 10 overcome barriers. Once the user 10 decides to perform a sporting activity 15, the computer-implemented method 100 can be used as shown in Fig. 4, indicated by the grey box marked as 15 (sports activity) and 100.

[0150] As in Fig.As shown in Figure 4, 200 educational blog posts can be used in the process. This can include gathering information on how to start running, how to create a training plan, overcoming barriers, and / or increasing self-awareness about the positive effects of running.

[0151] The method 200 provides various benefits. It was found that when a physical activity 15 was reflected as energizing, users 10 felt more energized throughout the rest of the day. In general, and without wishing to be bound by any theory, it is assumed that the method 200 ensures compliance with the hedonic principle, according to which a user 10 strives for pleasant experiences and tries to avoid unpleasant situations.

[0152] The vitality of a user 10, which can be improved by the methods 100, 200 described here, can be understood as a perceived energy available to the individual, in particular it can mobilize a user 10 to initiate an action such as a sporting activity 15.

[0153] It is noted that the above embodiments and / or examples may be combined with other aspects as described herein, and details of the embodiments and / or examples may also be omitted, as will be understood by those skilled in the art. The scope of protection is determined by the claims and is not limited by the embodiments and / or examples disclosed in the above figures. 6. List of reference symbols used 10 users 15 sporting activities 20 cyclic performance data 20a first cyclic performance data 20b second cyclic performance data 21 cyclic power data value / cyclic power ratio 30 measuring instruments 40 output devices (e.g. headphones) 60 processing equipment / devices 70 Smart device (e.g. smartphone / smartwatch) 100 Methods for Assisting a User 110 Process step: Obtain 120 Process step: Calculate 125 Process step: Compare 130 Process step: Generate 140 Process step: Outputting a support signal 200 computer-implemented method for assisting a user 210 Process step: Reflection 220 Procedural step: Tracking 230 Guidance signal / notification / nudge 1000 sportswear to support a user 2000 System for supporting a user LRC movement-breathing coupling X steps per inhalation Y steps per exhalation X:Y Ratio of steps per inhalation X and steps per exhalation Y Y:X Ratio of steps per exhalation Y and steps per inhalation X pX target steps per inhalation pY Target steps per exhalation pX : pY Target ratio of steps per inhalation pX and steps per exhalation pY pY: pX Target ratio of steps per exhalation pY and steps per inhalation pX

Claims

[1] Computer-implemented method (100) for assisting a user (10), in particular during a sporting activity (15), such as a cyclical sporting activity such as running, the method (100) comprising: Obtaining (110), using a measuring means (30), cyclic performance data (20) associated with the user (10) during a sporting activity (15), wherein the cyclic performance data (20) comprises first cyclic performance data (20a) associated with a first physiological system of the user (10); Calculating (120), using a processor, a cyclic performance data value (21) based on the first cyclic performance data (20a); generating (130), using the processor, an assistance signal based on the cyclic power data value (21); Outputting (140), using an output means (40), the generated assistance signal to the user (10). [2] The computer-implemented method (100) of the preceding claim, wherein the cyclic performance data (20) further comprises second cyclic performance data (20b) associated with a second physiological system of the user (10), wherein calculating (120) the cyclic performance data value (21) is further based on the second cyclic performance data (20b), and wherein the method (100) further comprises: Comparing (125), using the processor, the cyclic performance data value (21) with a target value, the target value being associated with the first physiological system of the user (10) and the second physiological system of the user (10), wherein generating (130) the assistance signal is further based on the comparison (125). [3] Computer-implemented method (100) according to the preceding claim, wherein the first cyclic performance data (20a) are movement data, such as step data and / or gait data, wherein the second cyclic performance data (20b) are respiration data, wherein the respiration data preferably comprises a respiration rate, a respiration phase, such as inhalation or exhalation, wherein the step data preferably comprises a step rate, and wherein the gait data comprises a gait rate. [4] Computer-implemented method (100) according to one of claims 2 or 3, wherein the cyclic power data value (21) is a cyclic power ratio (21) of the first cyclic power data (20a) and the second cyclic power data (20b), preferably a cyclic power ratio of the step rate and the respiration rate or a ratio of the gait rate and the respiration rate. [5] The computer-implemented method (100) of the preceding claim, wherein the cyclic power ratio (21) is a cyclic power ratio of steps per inspiration and steps per expiration or steps per expiration and steps per inspiration. [6] Computer-implemented method (100) according to the preceding claim, wherein the cyclic power ratio (21) (X : Y) of steps per inspiration (X) and steps per expiration (Y) or the cyclic power ratio (21) (Y : X) of steps per expiration (Y) and steps per inspiration (X) is any combination, where X is a floating point number between 1 and 10 and Y is a floating point number between 1 and 10. [7] The computer-implemented method (100) of any one of the preceding claims 4 to 6, wherein generating (130) the assistance signal comprises adjusting the assistance signal to a next integer ratio of the cyclic power ratio (21), preferably to a next ratio (X:Y) of steps per inspiration (X) and steps per expiration (Y), such as 2:2, 2:3, 3:3, 3:4, 3:4, 4:

4. [8] Computer-implemented method (100) according to one of the preceding claims, wherein the target value is a target ratio (pX : pY) of steps per inspiration (pX) and steps per expiration (pY) or a target ratio (pY : pX) of steps per expiration (pY) and steps per inspiration (pX), where pX is an integer between 1 and 10 and pY is an integer between 1 and 10. [9] The computer-implemented method (100) of the preceding claim, wherein generating (130) the assistance signal comprises adjusting the assistance signal to the target ratio. [10] The computer-implemented method (100) of claim 8 or 9, wherein the assistance signal is configured to indicate to the user (10) to change an action of the sporting activity (15) when the cyclic power ratio (21) differs from the target ratio, and / or wherein the assistance signal is configured to indicate to the user (10) to maintain an action of the sporting activity (15) when the cyclic power ratio (21) substantially corresponds to the target ratio. [11] The computer-implemented method (100) of any one of claims 8 to 10, wherein the target ratio is based on past performance data of the user (10), an average of past performance data of a period, past performance data of a plurality of users (10), an average of past performance data of a period of a plurality of users (10) and / or information of the user (10), such as age, weight, gender. [12] The computer-implemented method (100) of any preceding claim, wherein the assistance signal is configured to indicate to the user (10) to change or maintain an action associated with the first physiological system and / or an action associated with the second physiological system. [13] Computer-implemented method (100) according to any one of the preceding claims when dependent on claim 7 or 9, wherein the adjustment is performed after a time delay, preferably a time delay of at least 1 min, preferably at least 5 min, preferably at least 10 min and / or a time delay of at most 30 min, preferably of at most 20 min, preferably of at most 10 min. [14] A computer-implemented method (100) according to any one of the preceding claims, wherein the method (100) comprises varying the target value in a predefined pattern, and wherein the comparing (125) preferably comprises comparing (125) the cyclic performance data value (21) with the varied target value. [15] The computer-implemented method (100) of any preceding claim, wherein the assistance signal is configured to correlate the first cyclic performance data (20a) and the second cyclic performance data (20b) using movement-respiration coupling (LRC). [16] Computer-implemented method (100) according to any one of the preceding claims, further comprising: Performing a reflection step (210) for collecting information from the user (10) of the sporting activity (15); performing a tracking step (220) to collect further information from the user (10); Generating, using the processor, a guidance signal (230) based on the information of the user (10) of the sporting activity (15) and the further information of the user (10); Outputting (140), using an output means (40), the generated guidance signal (230) to the user (10). [17] Computer-implemented method (100) according to the preceding claim, wherein the guidance signal (230) is configured to indicate to the user (10) to start a sporting activity (15). [18] The computer-implemented method (100) of the preceding claim, wherein the guidance signal (230) is configured to indicate to the user (10) to start a sporting activity (15) when the further information of the user (10) corresponds to further information collected in the past prior to performing a sporting activity (15). [19] Computer-implemented method (100) according to one of the preceding claims, wherein the support signal and / or the guidance signal (230) is an audio signal and / or a visual signal, wherein the support signal is preferably an audio signal, wherein the audio signal preferably comprises one or more of a single tone, a stretched tone, a morphed soundscape, a music track. [20] A computer-implemented method (100) according to any one of the preceding claims, wherein the cyclic performance data (20) is obtained by means of one or more of a strain sensor, a pressure sensor, a volumetric sensor. [21] Computer-implemented method (100) according to any one of the preceding claims, wherein the cyclic performance data (20) is obtained by means of one or more of an acceleration sensor, a pressure sensor. [22] Data processing apparatus comprising means for executing the computer-implemented method (100) according to any one of the preceding claims 1 to 21. [23] A computer program comprising instructions which, when executed by a computer, cause the computer to carry out the computer-implemented method (100) according to any one of claims 1 to 21. [24] A sports garment (1000) for assisting a user (10), in particular during a sporting activity (15), such as a cyclical sporting activity such as running, the sports garment (1000) comprising: a measuring means (30) for obtaining (110) cyclic performance data (20) associated with the user (10) during a sporting activity (15), wherein the cyclic performance data (20) comprises first cyclic performance data (20a) associated with a first physiological system of the user (10); a processing means (60) for calculating (120) a cyclic power data value (21) based on the first cyclic power data (20a) and for generating (130) an assistance signal based on the cyclic power data value (21); and an output means (40) for outputting (140) the generated assistance signal to the user (10). [25] The sportswear item (1000) according to the preceding claim, wherein the sportswear item (1000) is a bra, a shirt, pants or the like. [26] System (2000) for assisting a user (10), in particular during a sporting activity (15), such as a cyclical sporting activity such as running, the system (2000) comprising: a measuring means (30) for obtaining (110) cyclic performance data (20) associated with the user (10) during a sporting activity (15), wherein the cyclic performance data (20) comprises first cyclic performance data (20a) associated with a first physiological system of the user (10), wherein the measuring means (30) is attachable to a piece of sports clothing and / or is an integral part of the piece of sports clothing; a device (60), in particular an electronic device, for calculating (120) a cyclic performance data value (21) based on the first cyclic performance data (20a) and for generating (130) an assistance signal based on the cyclic performance data value (21), wherein the device (60) is attachable to the garment; an output means (40) for outputting (140) the generated assistance signal to the user (10). [27] System (2000) according to the preceding claim, wherein the output means (40) is an audio output means (40), such as headphones, for outputting (140) the signal; and wherein the system (2000) preferably further comprises a program, such as a smartphone application or a smartwatch application, for downloading training sessions from the device (60).

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