Tires

Abstract

A tire is provided to improve dynamic stability, durability and overall performance, comprising a tread section forming a contact area and a carcass section extending radially inwards from the tread section, wherein the tread section is formed from a tread rubber composition containing styrene-butadiene rubber in a rubber component, a carcass cord forming the carcass section, a hybrid cord containing at least one aromatic polyamide fiber and at least one polyester fiber, and a product of a content A (parts by mass) of styrene-butadiene rubber in 100 parts by mass of the rubber component of the tread rubber composition, a thickness B (mm) of the tread section and a tensile strength C (N) of the hybrid cord greater than 10,000.

Description

[TECHNICAL FIELD] The present invention relates to a tire. [STATE OF THE ART] Traditionally, organic fiber cords have been widely used for the carcass cords that form the carcass section of tires, but in recent years there has been a need to increase the proportion of sustainable materials used in tires. Under these circumstances, polyester fibers, especially polyethylene terephthalate (PET) fibers, have attracted attention as a material for carcass cords from the perspectives of recycling technology and raw material sources. However, when a cord made entirely of polyester fiber is used as a carcass cord, its stiffness is insufficient, and it cannot be used in high-performance passenger car (PC) and motorcycle (MC) tires. Therefore, it has been proposed to compensate for the lack of stiffness of polyester fiber by combining it with aromatic polyamide fiber (hereinafter also referred to as "aramid fiber") to form a hybrid (see, for example, patent documents 1 to 3). [PTL on the state of the art] [PTL] [PTL 1] JP 2008-558996 A[PTL 2] JP 2023-021772 A[PTL 3] JP 2024-101826 A [SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION] [PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED BY INVENTION] However, aramid fibers have poor resistance to compression fatigue, which can affect the dynamic stability and durability of tires. One object of the present invention is to improve the dynamic stability, durability and overall performance of a tire which uses a hybrid cord of polyester fiber and aramid fiber as a carcass cord. [Means to solve the problem] The present invention is a tire comprising a tread section forming a contact surface and a carcass section extending radially inwards from the tread section, wherein the tread section is formed from a rubber composition for a tread containing a styrene-butadiene rubber in a rubber component, a carcass cord forming the carcass section comprising a hybrid cord containing at least one aromatic polyamide fiber and at least one polyester fiber, and a product of a content A (parts by mass) of the styrene-butadiene rubber in 100 parts by mass of the rubber component of the rubber composition for a tread, a thickness B (mm) of the tread section and a tensile strength C (N) of the hybrid cord (A × B × C) greater than 10,000. [EFFECT OF INVENTION] According to the present invention, in a tire where a hybrid cord made of polyester fiber and aramid fiber is used for the carcass cord, it is possible to improve the dynamic stability, durability and overall performance of the tire. [BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF DRAWINGS] Fig. 1 is a schematic cross-sectional view showing the structure of a tire according to one embodiment of the present invention. Fig. 2 is a schematic perspective view showing a carcass section in one embodiment of the present invention. [FORMS OF EXECUTION FOR IMPLEMENTING THE INVENTION] [1] Features of the tire according to the present invention First, the features of the tire according to the present invention are described. 1. Overview The tire according to the present invention comprises a tread section forming a contact surface and a carcass section extending radially inward from the tread section. The tread section is formed from a rubber composition for a tread, comprising a styrene-butadiene rubber (SBR) in a rubber component. A carcass cord forming the carcass section comprises a hybrid cord containing at least one aromatic polyamide fiber (aramid fiber) and at least one polyester fiber. Furthermore, the product of a content A (parts by mass) of the styrene-butadiene rubber in 100 parts by mass of the rubber component of the rubber composition for a tread, a thickness B (mm) of the tread section, and a tensile strength C (N) of the hybrid cord (A × B × C) is greater than 10,000. It is assumed that these features will enable improvements in dynamic stability, durability and overall performance in tires that use hybrid cords made of polyester fiber and aramid fiber as carcass cords, as will be described later. 2. Mechanism of the effect shown by the tire according to the present invention It is assumed that the mechanism by which the effects of the tire described above are shown according to the present invention is as follows. (1) SBR content in the rubber composition for a tread The inclusion of SBR in the rubber component of a tread compound creates a suitable amount of styrene in the rubber component, facilitating the formation of tiny styrene domains. The formation of these tiny styrene domains helps to mitigate the forces the tire experiences at its interfaces with the molecular chains of other rubber components during driving. It is therefore believed to reduce deformation caused by friction with the road surface during high-speed operation, thereby improving dynamic stability, durability, and overall performance. The inclusion of SBR, which contains styrene, in the rubber component of the rubber composition for a tread improves the hardness of the tread section due to a stacking effect, and the stiffness feel in an actual vehicle is improved, which is believed to enable improvements in dynamic stability, durability and the overall performance of the vehicle. (2) Use of hybrid cords for carcass cords By using hybrid cords that contain aramid fibers with a high modulus of elasticity and polyester fibers with good resistance to compression fatigue than the carcass cords, it is possible to ensure higher elasticity and better resistance to compression fatigue than conventional carcass sections, and since the stiffness feel in an actual vehicle is improved, it is assumed that dynamic stability, durability and overall performance can be improved. (3) Relationship between the SBR content in the rubber component of the rubber composition for a tread, the thickness of the tread section and the tensile strength of the hybrid cord As described above, the inclusion of SBR in the rubber component of the tread compound creates tiny styrene domains in the rubber component, which is believed to alleviate tire deformation caused by friction, thereby improving the dynamic stability, durability, and overall performance of the tire. On the other hand, it is assumed that the thicker the tread, the greater the distance between the contact area of ​​the tire and the carcass cords, which reduces the compression strain generated in the tire and improves the dynamic stability of the tire. It is also assumed that the greater the breaking strength of the hybrid cord, the more the durability of the tire can be improved. Taking these factors into consideration, it is assumed that by appropriately controlling the product (A × B × C) of the content A (parts by mass) of styrene-butadiene rubber in 100 parts by mass of the rubber component of the rubber composition for a tread, the thickness B (mm) of the tread section and the tensile strength C (N) of the hybrid cord to more than 10,000, it is possible to improve the dynamic stability, durability and overall performance thereof. In the present invention, the “breaking strength of a hybrid cord” is measured in accordance with the “tensile strength” in JIS L1017:2002 “Test method for synthetic tire fiber cords”, and the “strength at break” measured to obtain this “tensile strength”, i.e. the strength at break (maximum stress) per hybrid cord, is expressed as the “breaking strength of a hybrid cord”. In the present invention, it is assumed that the interaction of the effects (1) to (3) described above makes it possible to improve the dynamic stability, durability and overall performance of a tire in which a hybrid cord of polyester fiber and aramid fiber is used for the carcass cord. [2] Preferred embodiment Even greater effects can be achieved by using the following aspects. 1. Tread section(1) Rubber composition for tread (a) SBR content in rubber component As described above, the inclusion of SBR in the rubber component of a tread compound is believed to mitigate deformation caused by friction with the road surface when the tire is driven at high speeds, thereby improving dynamic stability, durability, and overall performance. It is also believed to enhance the perceived stiffness of the tire, further improving dynamic stability, durability, and overall performance. In the present invention, the SBR content in the rubber component of the rubber composition for a running surface is preferably more than 10 parts by mass, more preferably 20 parts by mass or more, even more preferably more than 25 parts by mass, even more preferably 30 parts by mass or more, even more preferably more than 35 parts by mass, and even more preferably 40 parts by mass or more per 100 parts by mass of the rubber component. On the other hand, the upper limit is preferably less than 85 parts by mass, more preferably 80 parts by mass or less, even more preferably less than 70 parts by mass, even more preferably 65 parts by mass or less, and even more preferably less than 55 parts by mass. In this way, it is assumed that by appropriately controlling the SBR content in the rubber component of a rubber composition for a running surface, it is possible to further improve its dynamic stability, durability and overall performance. (b) Silicon dioxide content In the present invention, the rubber composition for a tread preferably contains silicon dioxide. The inclusion of silicon dioxide, which has OH groups on its surface, allows hydrogen bonds to form between the silicon dioxide surfaces, and it interacts with the rubber component. This facilitates the generation and transmission of force within the rubber during driving, thus simplifying the transmission of force generated during cornering and ensuring excellent dynamic stability. Furthermore, the OH groups on the surface can trap ozone, thereby improving ozone resistance and tire durability. In the present invention, the silicon dioxide content in the rubber composition for a running surface is preferably 20 parts by mass or more, more preferably 30 parts by mass or more, and even more preferably 40 parts by mass or more per 100 parts by mass of the rubber component. Alternatively, the upper limit is preferably 120 parts by mass or less, more preferably 110 parts by mass or less, and even more preferably 100 parts by mass or less. (2) Tread thickness In the present invention, the thickness of the running surface section is preferably more than 5 mm, more preferably more than 7 mm, and even more preferably 8 mm or more. Conversely, the upper limit is preferably less than 12 mm and more preferably less than 9 mm. The aforementioned “tread section thickness” refers to the thickness of the tread section on the tire equator plane in the tire radial cross-section (tread center section thickness), and in the case where the tread section is formed from a single rubber compound for a tread, it refers to the thickness of the entire rubber compound for a tread, and in the case where the tread section is formed from a multi-layered structure consisting of a rubber top layer and a rubber base layer, which will be described later, it refers to the total thickness of these layers. Furthermore, if the tire has grooves on the equatorial plane, it refers to the thickness of the intersection of the line connecting the radially outermost endpoints of the grooves with the equatorial plane of the tire, with the radially innermost boundary of the tread section. In the present invention, the “tread section” refers to the component in the area forming the contact patch of the tire and refers to the section radially outside the components containing fibrous materials, such as the carcass section, the belt layer, and the tape layer. The “tread section thickness” can be measured in a cross-section cut radially from the tire with the bead section aligned to the standardized rim width. Here, the "standardized rim" is a rim defined for each tire within a standard system that includes a standard on which the tire is based. For example, in the case of JATMA (Japan Automobile Tire Association), it is the standard rim in applicable sizes described in JATMA's "JATMA YEAR BOOK"; in the case of ETRTO (The European Tire and Rim Technical Organization), it is the "Measuring Rim" described in the "STANDARDS MANUAL"; and in the case of TRA (The Tire and Rim Association, Inc.), it is the "Design Rim" described in its "YEAR BOOK." References are made to JATMA, ETRTO, and TRA in that order, and if an applicable size exists at the time of reference, that standard is followed.In the case of tires not specified in the standard, it refers to a rim that can be mounted and maintain internal pressure, that is, the rim that does not cause air leakage between the rim and the tire and has the smallest rim diameter and then the narrowest rim width. In the present invention, the tread section can consist of only one layer (rubber top layer), which becomes the ground contact surface, or it can consist of two layers, wherein a rubber base layer is provided within the rubber top layer, or it can consist of three layers, wherein the rubber top layer and the rubber base layer are multilayered, or it can consist of four or more layers. In this case, the rubber composition described above for a tread becomes the rubber composition (rubber top layer composition) that forms the rubber top layer, which is the outermost layer on the ground contact surface side. In this case, the thickness of the rubber top layer in the entire tread section is preferably 10% or more, more preferably 30% or more, still more preferably 50% or more and still more preferably 70% or more. 2. Hybrid cord (1) Fibers forming the hybrid cord As described above, by using hybrid cords that incorporate aramid fibers and polyester fibers for the carcass cords, it is believed that the stiffness feel of an actual vehicle can be improved, and its dynamic stability, durability, and overall performance can be enhanced. The present invention includes a specific example of the aramid fiber "Kevlar" (registered trademark), manufactured by DuPont. Specific examples of the polyester fiber include PET (polyethylene terephthalate) fiber and PEN (polyethylene naphthalate) fiber. Among these, PET fiber is preferred from the point of view of obtaining better effects. The PET fiber is preferably a sustainable PET fiber. Sustainable PET fiber refers to a fiber that contains sustainable materials, such as recycled PET, which is obtained by recycling used products and waste materials, or biomass PET, which is obtained from biomass as a raw material, which can reduce environmental impact and conserve resources. If the sustainable PET fiber is recycled PET fiber regenerated from PET fibers, PET bottles, and the like, it may contain isophthalic acid as an impurity, which can cause instability in quality. Therefore, the isophthalic acid content in the sustainable PET fiber is preferably less than 2.0 mol%, and particularly preferably less than 1.5 mol%. (2) Properties of hybrid cord (a) fineness In the present invention, the fineness of the polyester fiber is preferably greater than that of the aramid fiber. This increases the proportion of polyester fiber, which exhibits superior resistance to compression fatigue compared to aramid fiber, in the hybrid cord and is assumed to ensure sufficient durability. The overall fineness of the hybrid cord is preferably greater than 2000 dtex. By using hybrid cords thicker than a certain level than the carcass cords, the lateral spring constant of the tire can be increased, lateral deflection occurring during driving can be reduced, and tire rigidity can be ensured, which is believed to provide a more significant improvement in dynamic stability, durability, and overall performance. It is further preferably 2200 dtex or more, even more preferably more than 2200 dtex, and even more preferably more than 2400 dtex. On the other hand, the upper limit is, for example, preferably less than 3000 dtex, more preferably less than 2800 dtex, even more preferably 2770 dtex or less, and even more preferably less than 2600 dtex. The overall fineness of the hybrid cord can be measured in accordance with the method specified in JIS L1017:2002. (b) Tensile strength In the present invention, the tensile strength of the hybrid cord is preferably greater than 130 N, which is sufficient to ensure the durability of the tire. It is further preferably greater than 150 N and even more preferably greater than 170 N. On the other hand, the upper limit is, for example, preferably 240 N or less and more preferably 180 N or less. (c) Mean elongation In the present invention, the mean elongation (%) of the hybrid cord at a load of 44 N is preferably more than 2%, more preferably 2.7% or more and even more preferably more than 3%, while the upper limit is preferably less than 5%, more preferably less than 4% and even more preferably 3.3% or less. It is believed that this provides a good sense of rigidity in the actual vehicle and further improves its dynamic stability, durability and overall performance. The mean elongation (%) of the hybrid cord under a load of 44 N, as described above, can be determined from the elongation (%) under a load of 44 N in a “load elongation” curve of the cord, which is determined in an environment of room temperature (25 °C ± 2 °C) in accordance with “JIS L1017:2002 Test procedure for synthetic tire fiber cords”. (3) Relationship between the SBR content in the rubber component of the rubber composition for a tread, the thickness of the tread section and the tensile strength of the hybrid cord As described above, in the present invention, the product (A × B × C) of the content A (parts by mass) of styrene-butadiene rubber in 100 parts by mass of the rubber component of the rubber composition for a tread, the thickness B (mm) of the tread section, and the tensile strength C (N) of the hybrid cord is adjusted to be greater than 10,000. The product (A × B × C) is more preferably 18,000 or more, more preferably 20,000 or more, more preferably 27,000 or more, more preferably 30,000 or more, and more preferably 36,000 or more. It is assumed that this provides a more significant improvement in dynamic stability, durability, and overall performance. The upper limit is preferably less than 165,000, more preferably 153,600 or less, still more preferably less than 150,000, still more preferably less than 125,000, still more preferably 124.800 or less, and even more preferably 105,600 or less. [3] Formations The present invention is described in detail below based on the embodiments. 1. Tires according to the present embodiment Fig. 1 is a schematic cross-sectional view illustrating the structure of a tire according to the present embodiment and showing a tire meridian cross-section containing the tire's axis of rotation in a standardized state. In Fig. 1, the vertical direction is the tire radial direction, the horizontal direction is the tire axis of rotation direction, and the direction perpendicular to the paper surface is the tire circumferential direction. Since the shape of this tire, except for the tread pattern, is symmetrical with respect to the equatorial plane, Fig. 1 shows one-quarter of the entire tire. The dashed line CL represents the tire's equatorial plane. Here, "standardized tire condition" refers to a state in which the tire is mounted on a standardized rim, inflated to a standardized internal pressure, and not under load. It should be noted that "standardized internal pressure" refers to the air pressure set for each tire according to each standard within the standard system, including the standard on which the tire is based. In the case of JATMA (Japan Automobile Tire Manufacturers Association), it is "maximum air pressure"; in the case of ETRTO (The European Tyre and Rim Technical Organization), it is "inflation pressure"; and in the case of TRA (The Tire and Rim Association, Inc.), it is the maximum value listed in the table "TIRE LOAD LIMITS AT VARIOUS COLD INFLATION PRESSURES."As with standardized rims, references should be made in the order of JATMA, ETRTO, and TRA, and if an applicable size is available at the time of reference, that standard should be followed. In the case of tires not specified in the standard, reference is made to the standardized internal pressure (250 kPa or more) of another tire size (defined in the standard) listed as the standard rim when used with the standardized rim. It should be noted that if several standardized internal pressures of 250 kPa or more are listed, reference is made to the lowest value among them. As shown in Fig. 1, a tire 1 comprises a tread section 2, a pair of sidewall sections 3, a pair of bead protection layers 4, a pair of bead sections 5, an inner liner 6, a carcass section 7, a belt 8, a pair of fillers 9, and a band 10. The carcass section 7, the belt 8, the band 10, and the tread section 2 are arranged in the tire radial direction from the inside out. Fig. 2 is a schematic perspective view showing the carcass section of this embodiment. As shown in Fig. 2, in this embodiment the carcass section 7 is formed in a flat rectangular shape by embedding carcass cords 11 in a cover rubber 12. The carcass cords 11 are formed by twisting together two fibers, an aromatic polyamide fiber 11a and a polyester fiber 11b, to form a hybrid cord. By using such a configuration and appropriately controlling the parameters mentioned above, it is assumed that the dynamic stability, durability and overall performance can be improved. 2. Rubber composition for tread In this embodiment, the rubber composition for a running surface can be obtained by kneading various bonding materials, such as a rubber component, a filler (reinforcing material), a plasticizer component (oil, resin component, etc.) and an antioxidant. (1) Connecting materials (a) rubber component The rubber component in the rubber composition for a tread is not particularly restricted, and, for example, diene-based rubbers such as natural rubber (NR), styrene-butadiene rubber (SBR), butadiene rubber (BR), isoprene rubber (IR), acrylonitrile butadiene rubber (NBR), chloroprene rubber (CR), and butyl rubber (IIR) can be used. These can be used alone or in combinations of two or more types. In the present invention, the combination of NR, SBR, and BR is preferred. (a-1) SBR The weight-average molecular weight of the SBR is, for example, more than 100,000 and less than 2,000,000. The styrene content in the SBR is preferably more than 10 wt% and more preferably more than 25 wt%. Alternatively, it is preferably less than 50 wt% and more preferably less than 45 wt%. The vinyl content (amount of 1,2-bonded butadiene units) of the SBR is preferably more than 35 wt% and more preferably more than 40 wt%. Alternatively, it is preferably less than 55 wt% and more preferably less than 50 wt%. In the present invention, the SBR content in the rubber component is as described above. Styrene and vinyl content can be measured, for example, by NMR (1H-NMR or 13C-NMR). Unlike physical properties such as the complex modulus (E*), component contents, such as "styrene content" and "vinyl content," have true values ​​that are independent of the measurement method; therefore, it is preferable to use a measurement method with the highest possible accuracy. In particular, the tire can be analyzed, for example, by Py-GC / MS, etc. Furthermore, in the case of a rubber composition after vulcanization, the composition can also be calculated by determining the amount of styrene contained in the rubber component after extraction with acetone, using solid-state nuclear magnetic resonance (solid-state NMR) or Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR). SBR is not particularly restricted, and emulsion-polymerized styrene-butadiene rubber (E-SBR), solution-polymerized styrene-butadiene rubber (S-SBR), and the like can be used, for example. SBR can be either unmodified or modified. Furthermore, hydrogenated SBR, obtained by hydrogenating the butadiene portion in SBR, can be used. The hydrogenated SBR can be obtained by subsequent hydrogenation of the BR portion in SBR, or a similar structure can be obtained by copolymerization of styrene, ethylene, and butadiene. The modified SBR is preferably an SBR with a functional group that interacts with a filler, such as silicon dioxide. Examples include end-modified SBR (end-modified SBR with the above functional group at the end), in which at least one end of the SBR is modified with a compound containing the above functional group (modifier); main-chain-modified SBR with the functional group on the main chain; main-chain-end-modified SBR with the functional group on the main chain and at the end (for example, a main-chain-end-modified SBR with the above functional group on the main chain and with at least one end modified with the above modifier); and end-modified SBR that is modified (coupled) with a polyfunctional compound having two or more epoxy groups in the molecule and into which an epoxy group or a hydroxyl group has been introduced. Examples of functional groups include an amino group, an amide group, a silyl group, an alkoxysilyl group, an isocyanate group, an imino group, an imidazole group, a urea group, an ether group, a carbonyl group, an oxycarbonyl group, a mercapto group, a sulfide group, a disulfide group, a sulfonyl group, a sulfinyl group, a thiocarbonyl group, an ammonium group, an imide group, a hydrazo group, an azo group, a diazo group, a carboxyl group, a nitrile group, a pyridyl group, an alkoxy group, a hydroxyl group, an oxy group, and an epoxy group. Furthermore, these functional groups may contain a substituent. For example, modified SBR can be SBR that has been modified with a compound (modifying agent) represented by the following formula. In the formula, R1, R2, and R3 are either the same or different and each represents an alkyl group, an alkoxy group, a silyloxy group, an acetal group, a carboxyl group (-COOH), a mercapto group (-SH), or a derivative thereof. R4 and R5 are either the same or different and represent a hydrogen atom or an alkyl group. R4 and R5 can be combined to form a ring structure with the nitrogen atom. n represents an integer. SBR can be used in which the polymerization end (active end) of the solution-polymerized styrene-butadiene rubber (S-SBR) is modified by the compound (modifier) ​​represented by the formula above (for example, modified SBR described in JP-A-2010-111753). Suitable R1, R2, and R3 are alkoxy groups (preferably an alkoxy group with 1 to 8 carbon atoms, more preferably an alkoxy group with 1 to 4 carbon atoms). Suitable R4 and R5 are alkyl groups (preferably an alkyl group with 1 to 3 carbon atoms). n is preferably 1 to 5, more preferably 2 to 4, and still more preferably 3. Furthermore, when R4 and R5 are combined with a nitrogen atom to form a ring structure, a 4- to 8-membered ring is preferred. The alkoxy group may also contain a cycloalkoxy group (cyclohexyloxy group and the like) and an aryloxy group (phenoxy group, benzyloxy group, and the like). Specific examples of the above modifier include 2-dimethylaminoethyltrimethoxysilane, 3-dimethylaminopropyltrimethoxysilane, 2-dimethylaminoethyltriethoxysilane, 3-dimethylaminopropyltriethoxysilane, 2-diethylaminoethyltrimethoxysilane, 3-diethylaminopropyltrimethoxysilane, 2-diethylaminoethyltriethoxysilane, and 3-diethylaminopropyltriethoxysilane. These can be used alone or in combinations of two or more. Furthermore, a modified SBR can also be used that is modified with the following compound (modifier). Examples of the modifier include: polyglycidyl ethers of polyhydric alcohols, such as ethylene glycol diglycidyl ether, glycerol triglycidyl ether, trimethylol ethane triglycidyl ether, and trimethylolpropane triglycidyl ether; polyglycidyl ethers of aromatic compounds with two or more phenol groups, such as diglycidylated bisphenol A; polyepoxy compounds, such as 1,4-diglycidylbenzene, 1,3,5-triglycidylbenzene, and polyepoxidized liquid polybutadiene; epoxy-containing tertiary amines, such as 4,4'-diglycidyldiphenylmethylamine and 4,4'-diglycidyldibenzylmethylamine.Diglycidyl amino compounds, such as diglycidylaniline, N,N'-diglycidyl-4-glycidyloxyaniline, diglycidyl ortholuidine, tetraglycidylmetaxylenediamine, tetraglycidylaminodiphenylmethane, tetraglycidyl-p-phenylenediamine, diglycidylaminomethylcyclohexane, and tetraglycidyl-1,3-bisaminomethylcyclohexane; amino group-containing acid chlorides, such as bis-(1-methylpropyl)carbamate chloride, 4-morpholine carbonyl chloride, 1-pyrrolidine carbonyl chloride, N,N-dimethylcarbamic acid chloride, and N,N-diethylcarbamic acid chloride; epoxy group-containing silane compounds, such as 1,3-bis-(glycidyloxypropyl)tetramethyldisiloxane and (3-glycidyloxypropyl)pentamethyldisiloxane;Silane compounds containing sulfide groups, such as (trimethylsilyl)[3-(trimethoxysilyl)propyl]sulfide, (trimethylsilyl)[3-(triethoxysilyl)propyl]sulfide, (trimethylsilyl)[3-(tripropoxysilyl)propyl]sulfide, (trimethylsilyl)[3-(tributoxysilyl)propyl]sulfide, (trimethylsilyl)[3-(methyldimethoxysilyl)propyl]sulfide, (trimethylsilyl)[3-(methyldiethoxysilyl)propyl]sulfide, (trimethylsilyl)[3-(methyldipropoxysilyl)propyl]sulfide and (trimethylsilyl)[3-(methyldibutoxysilyl)propyl]sulfide; N-substituted aziridine compounds, such as ethyleneimine and propyleneimine; alkoxysilanes, such as methyltriethoxysilane, N,N-Bis(trimethylsilyl)-3-aminopropyltrimethoxysilane, N,N-Bis(trimethylsilyl)-3-aminopropyltriethoxysilane, N,N-Bis(trimethylsilyl)aminoethyltrimethoxysilane and N,N-Bis(trimethylsilyl)aminoethyltriethoxysilane;(Thio)benzophenone compounds with an amino group and / or a substituted amino group, such as 4-N,N-dimethylaminobenzophenone, 4-N,N-di-t-butylaminobenzophenone, 4-N,N-diphenylaminobenzophenone, 4,4'-bis(dimethylamino)benzophenone, 4,4'-bis(diethylamino)benzophenone, 4,4'-bis(diphenylamino)benzophenone and N,N,N',N'-bis-(tetraethylamino)benzophenone; benzaldehyde compounds with an amino group and / or a substituted amino group, such as 4-N,N-dimethylaminobenzaldehyde, 4-N,N-diphenylaminobenzaldehyde and 4-N,N-divinylaminobenzaldehyde; N-substituted pyroridones, such as N-methyl-2-pyrrolidone, N-vinyl-2-pyrrolidone, N-Phenyl-2-pyrrolidone, Nt-Butyl-2-pyrrolidone and N-Methyl-5-methyl-2-pyrrolidone; N-substituted piperidones, such as Methyl-2-piperidone, N-Vinyl-2-piperidone and N-Phenyl-2-piperidone;N-substituted lactams, such as N-methyl-ε-caprolactam, N-phenyl-ε-caprolactam, N-methyl-ω-laurilolactam, N-vinyl-ω-laurilolactam, N-methyl-β-propiolactam and N-phenyl-β-propiolactam; and N,N-Bis-(2,3-epoxypropoxy)-aniline, 4,4-Methylene-bis-(N,N-glycidylaniline), Tris-(2,3-epoxypropyl)-1,3,5-triazine-2,4,6-trione, N,N-Diethylacetamide, N-Methylmaleimide, N,N-Diethyl-urea, 1,3-Dimethylethylene-urea, 1,3-Divinylethylene-urea, 1,3-Diethyl-2-imidazolidinone, 1-Methyl-3-ethyl-2-imidazolidinone, 4-N,N-Dimethylaminoacetophenone, 4-N,N-Diethylaminoacetophenone, 1,3-Bis(diphenylamino)-2-propanone and 1,7-Bis(methylethylamino)-4-heptanone. The modification with the above compound (modifying agent) can be carried out by a known procedure. SBR can be, for example, SBR manufactured and sold by Sumitomo Chemical Co., Ltd., ENEOS Materials Co., Ltd., Asahi Kasei Co., Ltd., Nippon Zeon Co., Ltd., etc. It should be noted that SBR can be used alone or in combination with two or more other materials. (b) Isoprene-based rubber Natural rubber (NR) and isoprene-based rubbers other than NR (reformed natural rubber (reformed NR), modified natural rubber (modified NR), synthetic polyisoprene rubber, such as synthetic polyisoprene (isoprene rubber (IR), modified isoprene rubber (modified IR)), and the like) can be used as isoprene-based rubbers. Of these, NR is preferred due to its superior strength. Examples of commonly used natural rubbers (NR) in the tire industry include SVR-L, SIR20, RSS#3, TSR20, etc. For the internal rubber (IR), there are no specific restrictions; examples include IR2200, manufactured by Nippon Zeon Co., Ltd., and similar materials commonly used in the tire industry. For the remolded natural rubber (NR), deproteinized natural rubber (DPNR), ultrapure natural rubber (UPNR), and similar materials can be used. For the modified natural rubber (NR), examples include epoxidized natural rubber (ENR), hydrogenated natural rubber (HNR), grafted natural rubber, and similar materials can be used. For the modified internal rubber (IR), examples include epoxidized isoprene rubber, hydrogenated isoprene rubber, grafted isoprene rubber, and similar materials. These can be used alone or in combinations of two or more. The NR content in 100 parts by mass of the rubber component of the rubber composition for a running surface is preferably 5 parts by mass or more, more preferably 10 parts by mass or more, and even more preferably 25 parts by mass or more. The upper limit is, for example, preferably 50 parts by mass or less, more preferably 45 parts by mass or less, and even more preferably 40 parts by mass or less. (a-3) BR The weight-mean molecular weight of BR, for example, is greater than 100,000 and less than 2,000,000. The vinyl content of BR, for example, is greater than 1 wt% and less than 30 wt%. The cis content of BR, for example, is greater than 1 wt% and 98 wt% or less. The trans content of BR, for example, is greater than 1 wt% and less than 60 wt%. It should be noted that the cis content can be measured by infrared absorption spectroscopy. The BR is not particularly restricted, and BR with a high cis content (90% or more), BR with a low cis content, BR containing syndiotactic polybutadiene crystals, etc., can be used. The BR can be either unmodified BR or modified BR. For example, modified BR can be BR modified with a compound (modifier) ​​represented by the following formula. In the formula, R1, R2, and R3 are either the same or different and each represents an alkyl group, an alkoxy group, a silyloxy group, an acetal group, a carboxyl group (-COOH), a mercapto group (-SH), or a derivative thereof. R4 and R5 are either the same or different and represent a hydrogen atom or an alkyl group. R4 and R5 can be combined to form a ring structure with the nitrogen atom. n represents an integer. Examples of modified BR, which is modified with the compound (modifier) ​​represented by the formula above, include BR whose polymerization end (active end) is modified with the compound represented by the formula above. Suitable R1, R2, and R3 are alkoxy groups (preferably an alkoxy group with 1 to 8 carbon atoms, more preferably an alkoxy group with 1 to 4 carbon atoms). Suitable R4 and R5 are alkyl groups (preferably an alkyl group with 1 to 3 carbon atoms). n is preferably 1 to 5, more preferably 2 to 4, and still more preferably 3. Furthermore, when R4 and R5 are combined with a nitrogen atom to form a ring structure, a 4- to 8-membered ring is preferred. The alkoxy group may also contain a cycloalkoxy group (cyclohexyloxy group and the like) and an aryloxy group (phenoxy group, benzyloxy group, and the like). Specific examples of the above modifier include 2-dimethylaminoethyltrimethoxysilane, 3-dimethylaminopropyltrimethoxysilane, 2-dimethylaminoethyltriethoxysilane, 3-dimethylaminopropyltriethoxysilane, 2-diethylaminoethyltrimethoxysilane, 3-diethylaminopropyltrimethoxysilane, 2-diethylaminoethyltriethoxysilane, and 3-diethylaminopropyltriethoxysilane. These can be used alone or in combinations of two or more. Furthermore, a modified BR can also be used that is modified with the following compound (modifier). Examples of the modifier include: polyglycidyl ethers of polyhydric alcohols, such as ethylene glycol diglycidyl ether, glycerol triglycidyl ether, trimethylol ethane triglycidyl ether, and trimethylol propane triglycidyl ether; polyglycidyl ethers of aromatic compounds with two or more phenol groups, such as diglycidylated bisphenol A; polyepoxy compounds, such as 1,4-diglycidylbenzene, 1,3,5-triglycidylbenzene, and polyepoxidized liquid polybutadiene; epoxy-containing tertiary amines, such as 4,4'-diglycidyldiphenylmethylamine and 4,4'-diglycidyldibenzylmethylamine.Diglycidyl amino compounds, such as diglycidylaniline, N,N'-diglycidyl-4-glycidyloxyaniline, diglycidyl ortholuidine, tetraglycidylmetaxylenediamine, tetraglycidylaminodiphenylmethane, tetraglycidyl-p-phenylenediamine, diglycidylaminomethylcyclohexane, and tetraglycidyl-1,3-bisaminomethylcyclohexane; amino group-containing acid chlorides, such as bis-(1-methylpropyl)carbamate chloride, 4-morpholine carbonyl chloride, 1-pyrrolidine carbonyl chloride, N,N-dimethylcarbamic acid chloride, and N,N-diethylcarbamic acid chloride; epoxy group-containing silane compounds, such as 1,3-bis-(glycidyloxypropyl)tetramethyldisiloxane and (3-glycidyloxypropyl)pentamethyldisiloxane;Silane compounds containing sulfide groups, such as (trimethylsilyl)[3-(trimethoxysilyl)propyl]sulfide, (trimethylsilyl)[3-(triethoxysilyl)propyl]sulfide, (trimethylsilyl)[3-(tripropoxysilyl)propyl]sulfide, (trimethylsilyl)[3-(tributoxysilyl)propyl]sulfide, (trimethylsilyl)[3-(methyldimethoxysilyl)propyl]sulfide, (trimethylsilyl)[3-(methyldiethoxysilyl)propyl]sulfide, (trimethylsilyl)[3-(methyldipropoxysilyl)propyl]sulfide and (trimethylsilyl)[3-(methyldibutoxysilyl)propyl]sulfide; N-substituted aziridine compounds, such as ethyleneimine and propyleneimine; alkoxysilanes, such as methyltriethoxysilane, N,N-Bis(trimethylsilyl)-3-aminopropyltrimethoxysilane, N,N-Bis(trimethylsilyl)-3-aminopropyltriethoxysilane, N,N-Bis(trimethylsilyl)aminoethyltrimethoxysilane and N,N-Bis(trimethylsilyl)aminoethyltriethoxysilane;(Thio)benzophenone compounds with an amino group and / or a substituted amino group, such as 4-N,N-dimethylaminobenzophenone, 4-N,N-di-t-butylaminobenzophenone, 4-N,N-diphenylaminobenzophenone, 4,4'-bis(dimethylamino)benzophenone, 4,4'-bis(diethylamino)benzophenone, 4,4'-bis(diphenylamino)benzophenone and N,N,N',N'-bis-(tetraethylamino)benzophenone; benzaldehyde compounds with an amino group and / or a substituted amino group, such as 4-N,N-dimethylaminobenzaldehyde, 4-N,N-diphenylaminobenzaldehyde and 4-N,N-divinylaminobenzaldehyde; N-substituted pyroridones, such as N-methyl-2-pyrrolidone, N-vinyl-2-pyrrolidone, N-Phenyl-2-pyrrolidone, Nt-Butyl-2-pyrrolidone and N-Methyl-5-methyl-2-pyrrolidone; N-substituted piperidones, such as Methyl-2-piperidone, N-Vinyl-2-piperidone and N-Phenyl-2-piperidone;N-substituted lactams, such as N-methyl-ε-caprolactam, N-phenyl-ε-caprolactam, N-methyl-ω-laurilolactam, N-vinyl-ω-laurilolactam, N-methyl-β-propiolactam and N-phenyl-β-propiolactam; and N,N-Bis-(2,3-epoxypropoxy)-aniline, 4,4-Methylene-bis-(N,N-glycidylaniline), Tris-(2,3-epoxypropyl)-1,3,5-triazine-2,4,6-trione, N,N-Diethylacetamide, N-Methylmaleimide, N,N-Diethyl-urea, 1,3-Dimethylethylene-urea, 1,3-Divinylethylene-urea, 1,3-Diethyl-2-imidazolidinone, 1-Methyl-3-ethyl-2-imidazolidinone, 4-N,N-Dimethylaminoacetophenone, 4-N,N-Diethylaminoacetophenone, 1,3-Bis(diphenylamino)-2-propanone and 1,7-Bis(methylethylamino)-4-heptanone. The modification with the above compound (modifying agent) can be carried out by a known procedure. These modified BRs can be used alone or in combinations of two or more. Products manufactured by companies such as Ube Industries, Ltd., ENEOS Materials Co., Ltd., Asahi Kasei Co., Ltd., Nippon Zeon Co., Ltd., etc., can be used as BR. The BR content in 100 parts by mass of the rubber component of the rubber composition for a running surface is preferably 5 parts by mass or more, more preferably 10 parts by mass or more, and even more preferably 20 parts by mass or more. On the other hand, the upper limit is preferably 40 parts by mass or less, and more preferably 30 parts by mass or less. (d) Other rubber components The rubber composition for a tread may, as required, include rubbers (polymers) that are generally used in the production of tires, such as nitrile rubber (NBR), as well as other rubber components. The synthetic rubbers mentioned above, such as IR, SBR and BR, can be derived from underground resources, such as petroleum and natural gas, or can be recycled from rubber products, such as tires, or from non-rubber products, such as polystyrene. The types of monomers obtained through recycling (recycled monomers) are not particularly restricted, and examples include recycled polyisoprene, recycled butadiene, and recycled aromatic vinyl. Examples of the aforementioned butadiene include 1,2-butadiene and 1,3-butadiene. Examples of aromatic vinyl include styrene, but this is not a particular limitation. Among these, it is preferred to use recycled polyisoprene (recycled isoprene), recycled butadiene (recycled butadiene), and / or recycled styrene (recycled styrene) as raw materials. The process for producing the recycled monomer is not particularly restricted, and examples include synthesis from naphtha derived from recycling, which is obtained by decomposing rubber products such as tires. The process for producing the naphtha obtained from recycling is also not particularly restricted, and examples include decomposing rubber products such as tires under high temperature and pressure, decomposition using microwaves, or mechanical crushing followed by extraction. Furthermore, the raw materials (monomers) for synthetic rubbers, such as IR, SBR, and BR, can be derived from biomass. Examples of biomass-derived monomers include, but are not limited to, butadiene and aromatic vinyl compounds. Examples of butadiene include 1,2-butadiene and 1,3-butadiene. Examples of aromatic vinyl include, but are not limited to, styrene. Additionally, processes for producing biomass monomers are not particularly restricted and include, for example, the biological, chemical, and / or physical conversion of animals and plants.A typical example of biological conversion is fermentation using microorganisms, while examples of chemical and / or physical conversion include catalytic, high-temperature, high-pressure, electromagnetic, supercritical fluid, and combinations thereof. Biomass sources for these monomers include sugars, wood, plant residues after extraction of useful components, plant-derived ethanol, and biomass aphtha. The polymer synthesized from a biomass monomer component (biomass polymer) is not particularly restricted, and examples include polybutadiene rubber synthesized from biomass-derived butadiene, aromatic vinyl / butadiene copolymer synthesized from biomass-derived butadiene, and / or aromatic vinyl derived from biomass, etc. Examples of aromatic vinyl / butadiene copolymer include styrene-butadiene rubber synthesized from biomass-derived butadiene and / or biomass-derived styrene. Whether the raw material of a polymer is derived from biomass can be determined by the pMC (Percent Modern Carbon), which is measured in accordance with ASTM D6866-10. The pMC is the ratio of the 14C concentration of a sample to the 14C concentration of a modern standard reference medium, and this value is used as an index of the biomass ratio of a compound (rubber). The meaning of this value is described below. One mole of carbon atoms (6.02 × 10²³) contains approximately 6.02 × 10¹¹ carbon-14, which is about one trillionth the number of normal carbon atoms. Carbon-14 is classified as a radioisotope, and its half-life is 5730 years, decreasing steadily. It takes 226,000 years for all of it to decay. Therefore, in fossil fuels such as coal, oil, and natural gas, where it is assumed that more than 226,000 years have passed since carbon dioxide was absorbed and fixed in the atmosphere by plants and other organisms, all the carbon-14 elements present at the time of fixation have decayed. Therefore, fossil fuels such as coal, oil, and natural gas contain no carbon-14 elements in the current 21st century. Consequently, chemical substances produced using these fossil fuels as raw materials contain no carbon-14 elements. On the other hand, 14C is produced by nuclear reactions caused by cosmic rays in the atmosphere, and the amount of 14C in Earth's atmospheric environment is constant, in equilibrium with the decrease due to radioactive decay. Therefore, the 14C concentration of materials derived from biomass resources circulating in the current environment, as mentioned above, is approximately 1 × 10⁻¹² mol% relative to the total carbon atoms. The difference between these values ​​can then be used to calculate the ratio (biomass ratio) of compounds derived from natural resources (compounds derived from biomass sources) in a given compound (rubber). This 14C is generally measured as follows. Accelerator mass spectrometry based on a tandem accelerator is used to measure the 13C concentration (13C / 12C) and the 14C concentration (14C / 12C). The 14C concentration in circulating carbon in nature from 1950 is used as the modern standard reference for the 14C concentration. An oxalic acid standard provided by NIST (National Institute of Standards and Technology) is used as a specific standard substance. The specific radioactivity of carbon (radioactivity of 14C per gram of carbon) in this oxalic acid is separated for each carbon isotope, and 13C is corrected to a constant value. The value corrected for decay from 1950 to the measurement date is used as the standard 14C concentration value (100%). The ratio of this value to the value of the actually measured sample is the pMC value. Therefore, if rubber is produced from 100% biomass (natural) derived materials, it will show a value of approximately 110 pMC, as it is often not 100 under normal conditions, although there are regional variations. On the other hand, if the 14C concentration is measured for chemical substances derived from fossil fuels such as petroleum, they will show almost 0 pMC (for example, 0.3 pMC). This value corresponds to the 0% biomass ratio mentioned above. For the reasons stated above, from an environmental protection (sustainability) point of view, it is preferable to use a material for the rubber composition, such as rubber with a high pMC value, i.e. a material such as rubber with a high biomass content. (b) Bonding materials other than rubber components (b-1) Filler As described above, the rubber composition for a tread preferably contains silicon dioxide as a reinforcing agent. It may also contain other fillers as required, such as carbon black, calcium carbonate, talc, alumina, clay, aluminum hydroxide, and mica. When silicon dioxide is used, it is preferably used in combination with a silane coupling agent. (i) Silicon dioxide For the rubber composition of a running surface, the preferred content of silicon dioxide per 100 parts by mass of the rubber component is as described above. The specific BET surface area of ​​the silicon dioxide is preferably greater than 140 m² / g and more preferably greater than 160 m² / g to maintain good durability. Conversely, to maintain good rolling resistance during high-speed operation, it is preferably less than 250 m² / g and more preferably less than 220 m² / g. Note: This specific BET surface area is the N₂SA value measured by the BET method in accordance with ASTM D3037-93. The silicon dioxide is not particularly restricted and can be, for example, silicon dioxide commonly used in the tire industry, such as silicon dioxide produced by a dry process (anhydrous silicon dioxide) and silicon dioxide produced by a wet process (hydrated silicon dioxide). Silicon dioxide from hydrated glass or silicon dioxide produced from biomass materials, such as rice husks, can also be used. Commercially available silicon dioxide can be supplied, for example, by products from Evonik Industries Co., Ltd., Rhodia, Tosoh Silica Co., Ltd., Solvay Japan Co., Ltd., Tokuyama Corporation, etc. The raw material for silicon dioxide is not particularly restricted and can be, for example, a mineral-derived raw material such as quartz, a biologically derived raw material such as rice husks (for example, silicon dioxide produced from a biomass material such as rice husks), or recycled silicon dioxide from a product containing silicon dioxide. Silicon dioxide from biomass materials (biomass silicon dioxide) can be obtained, for example, by extracting silicate from rice hull ash obtained by burning rice hulls, using a sodium hydroxide solution, and then by reacting the silicate with sulfuric acid in the same way as conventional silicon dioxide from wet processes to produce a silicon dioxide precipitate, which is then filtered, washed with water, dried, and pulverized. Recycled silicon dioxide (silicon dioxide) can be, for example, silicon dioxide recycled from a silicon dioxide-containing product, such as electronic components like semiconductors, tires, desiccants, and filter materials like diatomaceous earth. The recycling process is not particularly restricted, and examples include pyrolysis and decomposition by electromagnetic waves. Silicon dioxide recycled from electronic components, such as semiconductors or tires, is preferred. When silicon dioxide crystallizes, it is insoluble in water, and its component siliconic acid cannot be used. Crystallization of silicon dioxide in rice hull ash can be suppressed by controlling the combustion temperature and time (see JP 2009-2594 A, Akita Prefectural University Web Journal B / 2019, vol. 6, pp. 216-222, etc.). Commercially available products from Wilmar Co. etc. can be used as amorphous silicon dioxide extracted from rice husks. These silicon dioxides can be used alone or in combination with two or more. It should be noted that from an environmental protection (sustainability) perspective, it is preferable to use sustainable silicon dioxide, such as biomass-derived silicon dioxide or recycled silicon dioxide. (ii) Silane coupling agents When silicon dioxide is used, it is preferred to use a silane coupling agent in combination to improve the dispersibility of the silicon dioxide and also to improve the mechanical properties and formability by reacting with the silicon dioxide. The silane coupling agent is not particularly restricted, and examples include: sulfide-based silane coupling agents, such as bis(3-triethoxysilylpropyl)tetrasulfide, bis(2-triethoxysilylethyl)tetrasulfide, bis(4-triethoxysilylbutyl)tetrasulfide, bis(3-trimethoxysilylpropyl)tetrasulfide, bis(2-trimethoxysilylethyl)tetrasulfide, bis(2-triethoxysilylethyl)trisulfide, bis(4-trimethoxysilylbutyl)trisulfide, bis(3-triethoxysilylpropyl)disulfide, bis(2-triethoxysilylethyl)disulfide, bis(4-triethoxysilylbutyl)disulfide, bis(3-trimethoxysilylpropyl)disulfide, bis(2-trimethoxysilylethyl)disulfide, bis(4-trimethoxysilylbutyl)disulfide, 3-trimethoxysilylpropyl-N,N-dimethylthiocarbamoyltetrasulfide, 2-triethoxysilylethyl-N,N-dimethylthiocarbamoyltetrasulfide and 3-triethoxysilylpropylmethacrylate monosulfide;Mercapto-based silane coupling agents with a mercapto group (with or without a protecting group for the mercapto group), such as 3-mercaptopropyltrimethoxysilane, 2-mercaptoethyltriethoxysilane, and NXT and NXT-Z, manufactured by Momentive Corporation; vinyl-based silane coupling agents, such as vinyltriethoxysilane and vinyltrimethoxysilane; amino-based silane coupling agents, such as 3-aminopropyltriethoxysilane and 3-aminopropyltrimethoxysilane; glycidoxy-based silane coupling agents, such as γ-glycidoxypropyltriethoxysilane and γ-glycidoxypropyltrimethoxysilane; nitro-based silane coupling agents, such as 3-nitropropyltrimethoxysilane and 3-nitropropyltriethoxysilane;and chlorine-based silane coupling agents, such as 3-chloropropyltrimethoxysilane and 3-chloropropyltriethoxysilane. Among these, silane coupling agents with a thiocarbonyl group, such as the aforementioned NXT, are preferred. These can be used alone or in combinations of two or more. Examples of commercially available silane coupling agents include products from Evonik Industries Co., Ltd., Momentive, Shin-Etsu Silicones Co., Ltd., Tokyo Chemical Industry Co., Ltd., AZMAX Corporation, DuPont Toray Specialty Materials, Inc., etc. The content of the silane coupling agent is preferably more than 2 parts by mass, more preferably 3 parts by mass or more, and even more preferably 5 parts by mass or more, relative to 100 parts by mass of silicon dioxide. The upper limit is preferably 15 parts by mass or less, more preferably 12 parts by mass or less, more preferably 10 parts by mass or less, and more preferably 9 parts by mass or less. (iii) soot The rubber composition for a tread preferably contains carbon black from the point of view of improving the resistance to crack growth, durability, resistance to ultraviolet deterioration, etc. of the tire. In the rubber composition for a running surface, the specific carbon black content per 100 parts by mass of the rubber component is preferably 5 parts by mass or more, and more preferably 10 parts by mass or more. On the other hand, the upper limit is, for example, preferably 40 parts by mass or less, and more preferably 30 parts by mass or less. From the perspective of rubber strengthening, the specific nitrogen adsorption surface area (N₂SA) of carbon black is preferably, for example, 30 m² / g or more, more preferably 50 m² / g or more, and even more preferably 60 m² / g or more. On the other hand, from the perspective of heat generation, it is preferably 250 m² / g or less, more preferably 150 m² / g or less, and even more preferably 120 m² / g or less. The "specific nitrogen adsorption surface area of ​​carbon black" is measured in accordance with ASTM D4820-93. The specific CTAB surface area of ​​the carbon black is preferably 130 m² / g or more, more preferably 160 m² / g or more, and even more preferably 170 m² / g or more. Alternatively, the upper limit is preferably 250 m² / g or less, and more preferably 200 m² / g or less. The specific CTAB surface area is a value measured in accordance with ASTM D3765-92. From the perspective of rubber stiffness, the dibutyl phthalate (DBP) absorption of carbon black is preferably, for example, 50 ml / 100 g or more, and more preferably 100 ml / 100 g or more. On the other hand, from the perspective of rubber deformation response, the DBP absorption of carbon black is preferably 250 ml / 100 g or less, and more preferably 150 ml / 100 g or less. The DBP absorption of carbon black is measured in accordance with ASTM D2414-93. Specific carbon black is not particularly restricted, and examples include furnace blacks, such as SAF, ISAF, HAF, MAF, FEF, SRF, GPF, APF, FF, CF, SCF, and ECF; acetylene blacks; thermal blacks, such as FT and MT; and channel blacks, such as EPC, MPC, and CC. Examples of product numbers include N134, N110, N220, N234, N219, N339, N330, N326, N351, N550, and N762. These can be used alone or in combinations of two or more. The raw material for carbon black can be a biomass material, such as lignin, vegetable oil, or a pyrolysis oil obtained by pyrolyzing rubber products containing carbon black, such as used tires (recycled carbon black), in addition to mineral oil. The use of such sustainable carbon black is preferable from an environmental protection perspective. Soot can be produced by combustion, such as in a furnace process, by hydrothermal carbonization (HTC), or by pyrolysis of methane, such as in a thermal soot process. Commercially available products that can be used include those from Asahi Carbon Co., Ltd., Cabot Japan Co., Ltd., Tokai Carbon Co., Ltd., Mitsubishi Chemical Corporation, Lion Corporation, Nippon Steel Chemical & Material Co., Ltd., Columbia Carbon Co., Ltd., etc. These can be used alone or in combinations of two or more. (iv) Other fillers The rubber composition for a tread may, if necessary, contain other fillers commonly used in the tire industry, such as graphite, calcium carbonate, talc, alumina, clay, aluminum hydroxide, mica, and magnesium sulfate, in addition to the silicon dioxide and carbon black mentioned above. If these are included, their content will be, for example, more than 0.1 parts by mass and less than 150 parts by mass per 100 parts by mass of the rubber component. (b-2) Plasticizer component When formulating rubber for a tread, and considering the need for suitable dispersion of powder materials during mixing, it is preferable to use a plasticizer component as required. The plasticizer component here refers to a component that plasticizes the rubber composition, such as process oil, rubber component soft oil, liquid rubber, or resin component, and is a component that can be extracted from vulcanized rubber with acetone. These plasticizer components can be derived from petroleum, biomass, or naphtha recycled from rubber or non-rubber products. Low-molecular-weight hydrocarbon components obtained through pyrolysis and extraction from used tires or products containing various components can also be used as plasticizer components. Among these, plasticizer components derived from and recycled biomass are preferred as sustainable plasticizer components. The plasticizer component can be used alone or in combinations of two or more. In this case, the content of the plasticizer component per 100 parts by mass of the rubber component is preferably 15 parts by mass or more, more preferably 25 parts by mass or more, and even more preferably 30 parts by mass or more. On the other hand, the upper limit is, for example, preferably 45 parts by mass or less, more preferably 40 parts by mass or less, and even more preferably 35 parts by mass or less. The content of the plasticizer component also includes the amount of oil contained in rubber (oil-extended rubber) and the like. (i) oil Examples of oils include mineral oil (usually referred to as process oil), vegetable oil, or a mixture of both. From a life cycle assessment perspective, used lubricating oil from rubber mixers or engines, or refined used cooking oil from restaurants, can also be used. (i-1) Mineral oil Examples of mineral oils (process oils) include paraffinic process oils, such as MES (Mild Extract Solvate), DAE (Distillate Aromatic Extract), TDAE (Treated Distillate Aromatic Extract), TRAE (Treated Residual Aromatic Extract) and RAE (Residual Aromatic Extract), aromatic process oils and naphthenic process oils. Furthermore, for environmental reasons, oils with a low content of polycyclic aromatic compound (PCA) can be used, such as MES, TDAE and heavy naphthenic oils. Examples of commercially available mineral oils include products manufactured by Idemitsu Kosan Co., Ltd., Sankyo Yuka Kogyo Co., Ltd., ENEOS Co., Ltd., Orisoi Co., Ltd., H&R Co., Ltd., Toyokuni Oil Co., Ltd., Showa Shell Sekiyu Co., Ltd., Fuji Kosan Co., Ltd., etc. These can be used alone or in combinations of two or more types. (i-2) Vegetable oil Examples of vegetable oils include linseed oil, rapeseed oil, safflower oil, soybean oil, corn oil, cottonseed oil, rice bran oil, tall oil, sesame oil, perilla oil, castor oil, tung oil, pine oil, pine tar oil, sunflower oil, coconut oil, palm oil, palm kernel oil, olive oil, camellia oil, jojoba oil, macadamia nut oil, peanut oil, grapeseed oil, and wood wax. Furthermore, vegetable oils also include refined oils (salad oil, etc.) obtained by refining any of the oils mentioned above, transesterified oils obtained by transesterification, hydrogenated oils, thermopolymerized oils obtained by thermal polymerization, oxidized polymerized oils obtained by oxidation, used cooking oils recovered from edible oils, and the like. It should be noted that vegetable oils can be liquid or solid at room temperature (25°C). These can be used alone or in combinations of two or more. The vegetable oil preferentially contains acylglycerol and further preferentially contains triacylglycerol. Here, acylglycerol refers to a compound in which a hydroxyl group of glycerol and a fatty acid are ester-bound. The acylglycerol is not particularly restricted and can be 1-monoacylglycerol, 2-monoacylglycerol, 1,2-diacylglycerol, 1,3-diacylglycerol, or triacylglycerol. Furthermore, the acylglycerol can be a monomer, a dimer, a polymer of trimers, or more. Dimers or higher acylglycerols can be obtained by thermal polymerization, oxidative polymerization, or similar processes. Acylglycerol can be liquid or solid at room temperature (25 °C). The procedure for checking whether or not acylglycerol is present in a rubber composition is not particularly restrictive, but it can be verified by 1H NMR measurement. For example, a rubber composition containing triacylglycerol is immersed in deuterated chloroform for 24 hours at room temperature (25 °C) to remove the rubber composition, and then 1H NMR is measured at room temperature. Signals close to 5.26 ppm, close to 4.28 ppm, and close to 4.15 ppm are observed when the tetramethylsilane (TMS) signal is set to 0.00 ppm. Since the signals are presumed to be derived from the hydrogen atom bonded to the carbon atom adjacent to the oxygen atom of the ester group, the acylglycerol content can be verified. It should be noted that "close" here refers to a range of ±0.10 ppm. The fatty acid is not particularly restricted and can be either an unsaturated or a saturated fatty acid. Examples of unsaturated fatty acids include monounsaturated fatty acids, such as oleic acid, and polyunsaturated fatty acids, such as linoleic acid and linolenic acid. Examples of saturated fatty acids include butyric acid and lauric acid. It is desirable that the fatty acid be one with few double bonds, i.e., a saturated or monounsaturated fatty acid, and oleic acid is preferred. For example, a vegetable oil containing such a fatty acid could be a saturated or monounsaturated fatty acid, or a vegetable oil modified by transesterification or similar processes. Furthermore, plants can be improved through breeding, genetic modification, genome editing, or similar methods to produce vegetable oil containing such a fatty acid. For example, commercially available vegetable oils from Idemitsu Kosan Co., Ltd., Sankyo Yuka Kogyo Co., Ltd., ENEOS Corporation, Orisoi Corporation, H&R Corporation, Toyokuni Oil Mills Co., Ltd., Fuji Kosan Co., Ltd., Nisshin Oillio Group Co., Ltd., etc., can be used. (ii) Liquid rubber Liquid rubber is a polymer that is liquid at room temperature (25 °C) and is a rubber component that can be extracted from a vulcanized tire by acetone extraction. Examples of liquid rubber include farnesene-based polymers, diene-based liquid polymers, and hydrogenated products thereof. Farnesene-based polymer is a polymer obtained by polymerizing farnesen and features a structural unit based on farnesen. Farnesen includes isomers such as α-farnesene ((3E, 7E)-3,7,11-trimethyl-1,3,6,10-dodecatetraene) and β-farnesene (7,11-dimethyl-3-methylene-1,6,10-dodecatriene). The farnesen-based polymer can be a homopolymer of farnesen (farnesen homopolymer) or a copolymer of farnesen and a vinyl monomer (farnesen vinyl monomer copolymer). Examples of liquid diene polymers include a liquid styrene-butadiene copolymer (liquid SBR), a liquid butadiene polymer (liquid BR), a liquid isoprene polymer (liquid IR), and a liquid styrene-isoprene copolymer (liquid SIR). The liquid diene polymer has a polystyrene equivalent weight-mean molecular weight (Mw), measured, for example, by gel permeation chromatography (GPC), of more than 1.0 × 10³ and less than 2.0 × 10⁵. Here, the Mw of the liquid diene polymer is a polystyrene conversion value measured by gel permeation chromatography (GPC). Commercially available liquid rubber products such as those from Kuraray Co., Ltd., Cray Valley Co., Ltd., etc. can be used. (iii) Resin component The resin component also acts as a tackifier and can be solid or liquid at room temperature. Specific resin components may overlap depending on the classification method, but examples include aromatic resins, dicyclopentadiene resins, terpene-based resins, rosin-based resins, styrene-based resins, coumaron-based resins, C5 resins, C9 resins, C5C9 resins, and acrylic resins. Two or more types can be used in combination. These resin components can also be modified, if required, with a modifier capable of reacting with silicon dioxide, etc. The resin component content per 100 parts by mass of the rubber component is preferably 10 parts by mass or less. Rosin-based resins are resins whose main component is rosin acid, obtained by processing pine resin. These rosin-based resins can be classified based on whether they are modified or not, and can be further divided into unmodified rosin (unmodified rosin) and modified rosin (rosin derivatives). Examples of unmodified rosin include tall rosin (also known as tallow rosin), balsam rosin, wood rosin, disproportionated rosin, polymerized rosin, hydrogenated rosin, and other chemically modified rosin.Modified rosin is a modification of unmodified rosin, and examples include rosin esters, rosin esters modified with unsaturated carboxylic acid, rosin esters modified with unsaturated carboxylic acid, amide compounds of rosin, and amine salts of rosin. Styrene-based resin is a polymer that uses a styrene monomer as a monomer component, and examples include a polymer obtained by polymerizing a styrene monomer as a major component (50 wt% or more). Specific examples include homopolymers obtained by individually polymerizing styrene monomers (styrene, o-methylstyrene, m-methylstyrene, p-methylstyrene, α-methylstyrene, p-methoxystyrene, p-tert-butylstyrene, p-phenylstyrene, o-chlorostyrene, m-chlorostyrene, p-chlorostyrene, etc.), copolymers obtained by copolymerizing two or more of the styrene-based monomers, and, in addition, copolymers obtained by copolymerizing a styrene-based monomer and other monomers that can be copolymerized with the styrene-based monomer. Among these, styrene-based resins using α-methylstyrene as the styrene-based monomer are preferred. Examples of other monomers include acrylonitriles, such as acrylonitrile and methacrylate; unsaturated carboxylic acids, such as acrylic acid and methacrylic acid; unsaturated carboxylic acid esters, such as methyl acrylate and methyl methacrylate; dienes, such as chloroprene, butadiene, and isoprene; olefins, such as 1-butene and 1-pentene; α,β-unsaturated carboxylic acids or acid anhydrides thereof, such as maleic anhydride. Among coumaron resins, coumaron-indene resins are preferred. Coumaron-indene resins are resins that contain coumaron and indene as monomer components, forming the resin skeleton (main chain). Examples of monomer components contained in the skeleton, besides coumaron and indene, include styrene, α-methylstyrene, methylindene, and vinyltoluene. The hydroxyl value (OH value) of coumaron-indene resin, for example, is greater than 15 mg KOH / g and less than 150 mg KOH / g. The OH value is the amount of potassium hydroxide required to neutralize acetic acid bound to a hydroxyl group when 1 g of the resin is acetylated, and is expressed in milligrams. It is a value measured by a potentiometric titration method (JIS K 0070: 1992). The softening point of coumaron-indene resin, for example, is higher than 30 °C and lower than 160 °C. The softening point is the temperature at which the ball falls when the softening point, as defined in JIS K 6220-1: 2001, is measured using a ring-and-ball softening point tester. Examples of terpene-based resins include polyterpenes, terpenophenols, and aromatically modified terpene resins. A polyterpene is a resin obtained by polymerizing a terpene compound and a hydrogenated product thereof. The terpene compound is a hydrocarbon represented by the formula (C5H8)n or an oxygen-containing derivative thereof, which is a compound containing a terpene, classified as monoterpenes (C10H16), sesquiterpenes (C15H24), diterpenes (C20H32), etc., as its basic skeleton. Examples include α-pinene, β-pinene, dipentene, limonene, myrcene, alloocimene, osimene, α-phellandrene, α-terpinene, γ-terpinene, terpinolene, 1,8-cineole, 1,4-cineole, α-terpineol, β-terpineol and γ-terpineol. Examples of polyterpenes include terpene resins, such as α-pinene resin, β-pinene resin, limonene resin, dipentene resin, and β-pinene / limonene resin, which are produced from the terpene compound mentioned above, as well as a hydrogenated terpene resin obtained by hydrogenating the terpene resin. Examples of terpene phenols include a resin obtained by copolymerizing the terpene compound and the phenolic compound mentioned above, and a resin obtained by hydrogenating the resin mentioned above. In particular, a resin obtained by condensing the terpene compound, the phenolic compound, and formalin mentioned above can be mentioned. Examples of phenolic compounds include phenol, bisphenol A, cresol, and xylenol.Examples of aromatically modified terpene resins include a resin obtained by modifying a terpene resin with an aromatic compound, and a resin obtained by hydrogenating the aforementioned resin. The aromatic compound is not particularly restricted, as long as it contains an aromatic ring, and examples include phenolic compounds, such as phenol, alkylphenol, alkoxyphenol, and phenols containing an unsaturated hydrocarbon group; naphthol compounds, such as naphthol, alkylnaphthol, alkoxynaphthol, and naphthols containing an unsaturated hydrocarbon group; styrene derivatives, such as styrene, alkylstyrene, alkoxystyrene, and styrene containing an unsaturated hydrocarbon group; coumaron; and indene. "C5 resin" refers to a resin obtained by polymerizing a C5 fraction. Examples of C5 fractions include petroleum fractions with 4 to 5 carbon atoms, such as cyclopentadiene, pentene, pentadiene, and isoprene. Dicyclopentadiene resin (DCPD resin) is a preferred example of a C5 petroleum resin. "C9 resin" refers to a resin obtained by polymerizing a C9 fraction and can be a hydrogenated or modified version. Examples of C9 fractions include petroleum fractions with 8 to 10 carbon atoms, such as vinyltoluene, alkylstyrene, indene, and methylindene. Specific examples include coumaron-indene resin, coumaron resin, indene resin, and aromatic vinyl resin. Preferred aromatic vinyl resins are homopolymers of α-methylstyrene (AMS resin) or styrene and copolymers of α-methylstyrene and styrene, with copolymers of α-methylstyrene and styrene being preferred due to their economy, ease of processing, and excellent heat generation. Copolymers of α-methylstyrene and styrene are further preferred. Examples of aromatic vinyl resins that may be used include those commercially available from Kraton Co., Ltd., Eastman Chemical Co., Ltd., etc. "C5C9 resin" refers to a resin obtained by polymerizing the C5 and C9 fractions and can be a hydrogenated or modified resin. Examples of the C5 and C9 fractions include the petroleum fractions mentioned above. Commercially available resins from Tosoh Corporation, LUHUA Corporation, etc., can be used as C5C9 resin. Although the acrylic resin is not particularly restricted, a solvent-free acrylic resin can be used, for example. Examples of solvent-free acrylic resins include a (meth)acrylic resin (polymer) synthesized by a high-temperature continuous lump polymerization method (a method described in US 4,414,370 B, JP 84-6207 A, JP 93-58805 A, JP 89-313522 A, US 5,010,166 B, Toa Gosei Synthetic Research Annual Report TREND2000 No. 3, pp. 42-45, etc.) with minimal use of secondary raw materials, such as polymerization initiators, chain transfer agents, and organic solvents. In the present invention, (meth)acryl means methacrylic and acrylic. Examples of monomer components that form the acrylic resin include (meth)acrylic acid, (meth)acrylic acid esters such as alkyl esters, aryl esters and aralkyl esters, (meth)acrylamide and (meth)acrylamide derivatives such as (meth)acrylamide derivatives. Aromatic vinyl compounds, such as styrene, α-methylstyrene, vinyltoluene, vinylnaphthalene, divinylbenzene, trivinylbenzene, divinylnaphthalene, and the like, can be used as the monomer component that forms the acrylic resin, together with (meth)acrylic acid or (meth)acrylic acid derivatives. The acrylic resin can be a resin composed solely of a (meth)acrylic component, or a resin that also contains a component other than the (meth)acrylic component. The acrylic resin can contain a hydroxyl group, a carboxyl group, a silanol group, or the like. Examples of resin components that can be used include products from Maruzen Petrochemical Co., Ltd., Sumitomo Bakelite Co., Ltd., Yasuhara Chemical Co., Ltd., Tosoh Corporation, Rutgers Chemicals Co., Ltd., BASF Co., Ltd., Clayton Co., Ltd., Nitto Chemical Co., Ltd., Nippon Shokubai Co., Ltd., ENEOS Corporation, Arakawa Chemical Industries, Ltd., Taoka Chemical Co., Ltd. (b-3) Wax The rubber composition for a running surface may contain a wax. The wax content is, for example, preferably 0.5 parts by mass or more, more preferably 1.0 parts by mass or more, and even more preferably 1.5 parts by mass or more per 100 parts by mass of the rubber component. On the other hand, the upper limit is, for example, preferably 20 parts by mass or less, more preferably 15 parts by mass or less, and even more preferably 10 parts by mass or less. The type of wax is not particularly restricted, and any wax commonly used in the tire industry can be used appropriately. Examples include petroleum waxes, such as paraffin wax and microcrystalline wax; natural waxes, such as vegetable wax and animal wax; and synthetic waxes, such as polymers of ethylene, propylene, or the like. These waxes can be used alone or in combinations of two or more. The wax can be, for example, products from Ouchi Shinko Chemical Industry Co., Ltd., Nippon Seiro Co., Ltd., Seiko Chemical Co., Ltd., etc. (b-4) Antioxidants The rubber composition for a tread can contain an antioxidant. The antioxidant content is, for example, preferably more than 0.5 parts by mass, more preferably 1 part by mass or more, and even more preferably 2 parts by mass or more per 100 parts by mass of the rubber component. On the other hand, the upper limit is, for example, preferably less than 10 parts by mass, more preferably 8 parts by mass or less, and even more preferably 6 parts by mass or less. Examples of antioxidants include: naphthylamine-based antioxidants, such as phenyl-α-naphthylamine; diphenylamine-based antioxidants, such as octylated diphenylamine and 4,4'-bis(α,α'-dimethylbenzyl)diphenylamine; p-phenylenediamine-based antioxidants, such as N-isopropyl-N'-phenyl-p-phenylenediamine, N-(1,3-dimethylbutyl)-N'-phenyl-p-phenylenediamine, and N,N'-di-2-naphthyl-p-phenylenediamine; quinoline-based antioxidants, such as polymers of 2,2,4-trimethyl-1,2-dihydroquinoline; and monophenol-based antioxidants, such as 2,6-di-t-butyl-4-methylphenol and styrenized phenol. and antioxidants based on bisphenols, triphenols, and polyphenols, such as tetrakis-[methylene-3-(3',5'-di-t-butyl-4'-hydroxyphenyl)propionate]methane. These antioxidants can be used alone or in combination with two or more. Commercially available products include those manufactured by Seiko Chemical Co., Ltd., Sumitomo Chemical Co., Ltd., Ouchi Shinko Chemical Industry Co., Ltd., Flexsys Co., Ltd., and the like. (b-5) Stearic acid The rubber composition for a running surface may contain stearic acid as a lubricant. The stearic acid content is, for example, preferably more than 0.5 parts by mass, more preferably 1.0 parts by mass or more, and even more preferably 2.0 parts by mass or more per 100 parts by mass of the rubber component. On the other hand, the upper limit is, for example, preferably less than 10.0 parts by mass and more preferably 5.0 parts by mass or less. Commercially available stearic acid can be conventionally used products, such as those from NOF Corporation, Kao Corporation, Fujifilm Wako Pure Chemical Industries, Ltd., Chiba Fatty Acid Co., Ltd. and Struktol WB16, which is manufactured by Struktol Co., Ltd. (b-6) Zinc oxide The rubber composition for a tread may contain zinc oxide. The zinc oxide content is preferably more than 0.5 parts by mass and more preferably 2.0 parts by mass or more per 100 parts by mass of the rubber component. Alternatively, the upper limit is preferably less than 10 parts by mass. Any conventionally known product may be used as the zinc oxide, and products from Mitsui Mining & Smelting Co., Ltd., Toho Zinc Co., Ltd., Hakusui Tech Co., Ltd., Seido Chemical Industry Co., Ltd., Sakai Chemical Industry Co., Ltd., etc., may be used. (b-7) Crosslinking agents and vulcanization accelerators The rubber composition for a tread preferably contains a crosslinking agent, such as sulfur. The content of the crosslinking agent is, for example, preferably more than 0.1 parts by mass and further preferably 3.0 parts by mass or more per 100 parts by mass of the rubber component. On the other hand, the upper limit is, for example, preferably less than 10.0 parts by mass. The sulfur content refers to the pure sulfur content, and if insoluble sulfur is used, it refers to the content excluding oil content. Examples of sulfur include powdered sulfur, precipitated sulfur, colloidal sulfur, insoluble sulfur, highly dispersible sulfur, and soluble sulfur, commonly used in the rubber industry. These can be used alone or in combinations of two or more. For example, products from Tsurumi Chemical Industry Co., Ltd., Karuizawa Sulfur Co., Ltd., Shikoku Chemicals Corporation, Flexsys Co., Ltd., Nippon Kanryu Kogyo Co., Ltd., Hosoi Chemical Industry Co., Ltd., etc. can be used as the sulfur. Crosslinking agents other than sulfur can also be used. In particular, vulcanizing agents containing sulfur atoms, such as TACKIROL V200 manufactured by Taoka Chemical Co., Ltd., DURALINK HTS (1,6-hexamethylene sodium dithiosulfate dihydrate) manufactured by Flexsys Co., Ltd., and KA9188 (1,6-bis(N,N'-dibenzylthiocarbamoyldithio)hexane: hybrid crosslinking agent) manufactured by LANXESS Co., Ltd., and organic peroxides, such as dicumyl peroxide, can be used. The rubber composition for a running surface preferably contains a vulcanization accelerator. The content of the vulcanization accelerator is, for example, preferably more than 0.3 parts by mass and further preferably 2.5 parts by mass or more per 100 parts by mass of the rubber component. On the other hand, the upper limit is, for example, preferably less than 10.0 parts by mass. Examples of vulcanization accelerators include thiazole-based vulcanization accelerators, such as 2-mercaptobenzothiazole, di-2-benzothiazolyl disulfide, and N-cyclohexyl-2-benzothiadylsulfenamide; thiuram-based vulcanization accelerators, such as tetramethylthiuram disulfide (TMTD), tetrabenzylthiuram disulfide (TBzTD), and tetrakis(2-ethylhexyl)thiuram disulfide (TOT-N); and sulfenamide-based vulcanization accelerators, such as N-cyclohexyl-2-benzothiazolesulfenamide, Nt-butyl-2-benzothiazolylsulfenamide, N-oxyethylene-2-benzothiazolesulfenamide, N-oxyethylene-2-benzothiazolesulfenamide, and N,N'-diisopropyl-2-benzothiazolesulfenamide. and guanidine-based vulcanization accelerators, such as diphenylguanidine, di-ortho-tolylguanidine, and ortho-tolylbiguanidine. These can be used alone or in combinations of two or more. (b-8) Other In addition to the components mentioned above, the rubber compound for a tread may contain additives commonly used in the tire industry, such as organic fillers like cellulose fibers and organic peroxides. The content of these additives is, for example, more than 0.1 parts by mass and less than 50 parts by mass per 100 parts by mass of the rubber component. Among the materials mentioned above, various materials containing carbon atoms (for example, rubber, oil, resin, vulcanization accelerator, antioxidant, surfactant) can be derived from carbon dioxide in the atmosphere. Methods for obtaining a compound of the present invention from carbon dioxide include a method of directly converting carbon dioxide and a method of converting methane obtained through a methanization process in which methane is synthesized from carbon dioxide. (2) Preparation of rubber compound for tread The rubber composition for the tread can be produced, for example, by a general process, such as a manufacturing process, which includes a basic kneading step of kneading a rubber component with a filler, such as silicon dioxide, and a final kneading step of kneading the kneaded product obtained in the basic kneading step with a crosslinking agent. Kneading can be carried out using a known kneading machine (of the closed type), such as a Banbury mixer, a kneader or an open roller. The kneading temperature during the basic kneading step is, for example, higher than 50 °C and lower than 200 °C, and the kneading time is, for example, longer than 30 seconds and shorter than 30 minutes. During the basic kneading step, in addition to the aforementioned rubber component and filler, such as silicon dioxide, a plasticizer, such as oil, stearic acid, zinc oxide, an antioxidant, wax, a vulcanization accelerator, and the like can be added and kneaded as needed. In the final kneading step, the kneaded product obtained in the initial kneading step is kneaded with a crosslinking agent. The kneading temperature in the final kneading step is, for example, higher than room temperature and lower than 80 °C, and the kneading time is, for example, longer than 1 minute and shorter than 15 minutes. In addition to the components mentioned above, a vulcanization accelerator, zinc oxide, and similar substances can be appropriately added and kneaded in the final kneading step as needed. 3. Tire manufacturing The tire according to the present embodiment can be produced as a non-vulcanized tire by molding the above-obtained rubber composition for a tread into a tread rubber of a predetermined shape as a rubber top layer and then by molding the tread rubber together with other tire components in a tire molding machine by a normal process. If the tread section has a multi-layered structure consisting of a rubber cover layer and a rubber base layer, the rubber base composition can be obtained by using the aforementioned rubber components and bonding materials, appropriately adjusting their proportions, and kneading them in the same manner as the rubber cover layer. The kneaded rubber base composition thus obtained is then extruded together with the rubber cover layer to form a tread rubber of a predetermined shape. This is then molded, along with other tire components, in a tire molding machine using a standard process to produce an unvulcanized tire. Specifically, components such as an inner liner (to ensure the tire's airtightness), a carcass section (to withstand the load, impact, and inflation pressure to which the tire is subjected), and a belt (to secure the carcass section and increase the stiffness of the tread section) are wound around a forming drum. Both ends of the carcass section are attached to both sidewalls, and bead sections (to attach the tire to the rim) are fitted. After forming into a toroidal shape, a tread section is glued to the center of the outer circumference, and sidewalls are glued to the radial outer surfaces to form side sections, producing an unvulcanized tire. The unvulcanized tire is then heated and pressurized in a vulcanizing machine to create a tire. The vulcanization process can be carried out using a known vulcanization method. For example, the vulcanization temperature is higher than 120 °C and lower than 200 °C, and the vulcanization time is longer than 5 minutes and shorter than 15 minutes. It is assumed that the resulting tire can achieve improvements in dynamic stability, durability and overall performance due to the interaction of the effects mentioned above. The tire according to the present invention is not particularly limited to a specific category, and it can be used as a passenger car tire, a large passenger car tire, a large SUV tire, a truck / bus tire, a motorcycle tire, a racing tire, a studless tire (winter tire), an all-season tire, a run-flat tire, an aircraft tire, a mining tire, an airless tire or the like, but is preferably used as a motorcycle tire. EXAMPLES Examples (embodiments) that are considered preferred in the implementation of the present invention are shown below, but the scope of protection of the present invention is not limited to these examples. Motorcycle tires made from tread sections formed from the various compound materials shown below and other rubber components are examined, and the results of calculations based on the evaluation procedures described below regarding dynamic stability, durability and overall performance are also shown below in Tables 1 and 2. 1. Production of rubber compound for tread surface A rubber compound for a tread is manufactured using the various bonding materials shown below. (1) Compounding materials (a) Rubber component (a-1) NR: TSR20 (a-2) SBR: Tufden 4850, manufactured by Asahi Kasei Corporation (unmodified S-SBR: 50% oil-extended) (styrene content: 40 wt%, vinyl content: 46 wt%, Tg: -25 °C) (a-3) BR: Ubepol BR150B (Hicis-BR), manufactured by Ube Industries, Ltd. (cis content: 97 wt%, trans content: 2 wt%, vinyl content: 1 wt%) (b) Compounding materials other than rubber components (b-1) Carbon black: Showblack N220, manufactured by Cabot Japan Co., Ltd. (N2SA: 111 m2 / g) (b-2) Silicon dioxide: Ultrasil VN3, manufactured by Evonik Industries Co., Ltd. (N2SA: 175 m2 / g, average primary particle diameter: 17 nm)(b-3) Silane coupling agent: Si266, manufactured by Evonik Industries Co., Ltd. (Bis(3-triethoxysilylpropyl)disulfide)(b-4) Oil: Vivatec 500, manufactured by H&R Co., Ltd. (TDAE, aromatic process oil)(b-5) Resin: SYLVARES SA85 (softening point 85 °C), manufactured by Arizona Chemical Co., Ltd.(α-Methylstyrene-based resin: Copolymer of α-methylstyrene and styrene)(b-6) Wax: REDEZON 7216-BS, manufactured by REPSOL LUBRICANTES Y ESPECIALIDADES, SA(b-7) Antioxidant: ANTAGE 6C, manufactured by Kawaguchi Chemical Industry Co., Ltd. (N-(1,3-Dimethylbutyl)-N'-phenyl-p-phenylenediamine)(b-8) Stearic acid: Stearic acid “Tsubaki”, manufactured by NOF Corporation.(b-9) Zinc oxide: Two types of zinc oxide, manufactured by Hakusui Tech Co., Ltd.(b-10) Sulfur: HK-200-5 (sulfur powder), manufactured by Hosoi Chemical Industry Co., Ltd.(b-11) Vulcanization accelerator 1: Sanacel CM-G, manufactured by Sanshin Chemical Industry Co., Ltd. (N-Cyclohexyl-2-benzothiazole sulfenamide: CBS)(b-12) Vulcanization accelerator 2: Soxinor DG, manufactured by Sumitomo Chemical Co., Ltd. (1,3-Diphenylguanidine: DPG). (2) Preparation of rubber compound for tread Based on each formulation shown in Tables 1 and 2, materials other than sulfur and vulcanization accelerators are kneaded for 5 minutes at 150 °C using a 1.7 litre Banbury mixer manufactured by Kobe Steel, Ltd. to obtain a kneaded mixture. Next, sulfur and a vulcanization accelerator are added to the kneaded mixture, and the mixture is kneaded using an open roller for 5 minutes at 80°C to obtain each rubber composition for a tread. 2. Shapes of tire components (tread section and carcass section) (1) Shapes of the tread section Next, the rubber composition obtained above for a tread is used to form a tread section of each thickness shown in Tables 1 and 2. (2) Forms of the carcass section In parallel, a carcass section is formed by covering it with a predetermined carcass rubber compound using carcass cords of the specifications shown in Tables 1 and 2. In Tables 1 and 2, "mean elongation L (%)" means "mean elongation (%) at a load of 44 N". 3. Tire manufacturing Next, the tread sections and carcass sections obtained above are each glued together with other tire components to form an unvulcanized tire, which is then press-vulcanized under a temperature of 170 °C for 10 minutes to produce each of the test tires for examples 1 to 6 and comparison examples 1 to 6. 4. Performance Assessment Test (1) Assessment of dynamic stability Each test tire is mounted on the front and rear wheels of a motorcycle (1500 cc displacement), and the motorcycle is driven at 50 km / h on a dry asphalt surface on a test track. Ten test riders each perform a sensory evaluation of the dynamic stability on a scale of 1 to 10 (the higher the number, the better), and the total score is calculated. When each test tire is mounted, the front wheel has a tire size of 110 / 70-13 M / C, a rim size of 13 × 3.00 MT, and an internal pressure of 200 kPa, and the rear wheel has a tire size of 130 / 70-13 M / C, a rim size of 13 × 3.50 MT, and an internal pressure of 225 kPa. Next, the result from comparison example 1 is set to 100, and the result is indexed according to the following formula to obtain a rating of dynamic stability. A higher value indicates better dynamic stability during actual vehicle driving. (2) Shelf life assessment Each test tire (tire size: 130 / 70-13 M / C) is mounted on a rim (size = 13 × 3.50 MT) and inflated to a pressure of 225 kPa. The tire is then mounted on a drum running test machine, a vertical load of 1.24 kN is applied, and the tire is run on a 1.7 m diameter drum at a speed of 50 km / h. The distance traveled until damage to the tire is observed is measured. Next, the result from comparison example 1 is set to 100, and the result is indexed according to the following formula to obtain a shelf-life rating. The higher the value, the better the shelf life. (3) Overall rating Then (1) and (2) are added together to obtain an overall score. [Table 1] [Table 1] Rubber compound formulation for tread surface [mass-produced parts] SBR30456082,597,5120 (Rubber content) A(20)(30)(40)(55)(65)(80) (oil content)(10)(15)(20)(27.5)(32.5)(40) NR404040402510 BR40302051010 Soot303030555 Silicon dioxide 203040100110120 Silane coupling agent 23410112 Oil303030303030 Harz000101010 Wax111111 Antioxidants 111111 Stearic acid 222222 Zinc oxide 222222 Sulfur 333333 Vulcanization accelerator-11, 51,51,51,51,51,5 Vulcanization accelerator-2111111 Tread thickness (mm) B555888 Carcass cord specifications MaterialPET ×AramidPET ×AramidPET ×AramidPET ×AramidPET ×AramidPET ×Aramid Composition: 1100 dtex-P / 1100 dtex-A 1100 dtex-P / 1100 dtex-A 1100 dtex-P / 1100 dtex-A 1670 dtex-P / 1100 dtex-A 1670 dtex-P / 1100 dtex-A 1670 dtex-P / 1100 dtex-A Fineness 220022002200277027702770 Breaking strength (N) C180180180240240240 Average elongation L (%) 3, 33, 33, 32, 72, 72, 7 parameter A × B × C18.00027.00036000105600124800153600 Performance evaluation Steering stability rating 104 105 106 108 109 112 Shelf life rating 98 102 103 105 106 107 Overall rating 202207209213215219 [Table 2] [Table 2] Rubber compound formulation for tread surface [mass-produced parts] SBR307,57,5307, 57, 5 (Rubber content) A(20)(5)(5)(20)(5)(5) (oil content)(10)(2.5)(2.5)(10)(2.5)(2.5) NR404040404040 BR405555405555 Soot30303030305 Silicon dioxide 2020 2020 20100 Silane coupling agent 2222210 Oil303030303030 Harz0000010 Wax111111 Antioxidants 111111 Stearic acid 222222 Zinc oxide 222222 Sulfur 333333 Vulcanization accelerator-11,51,51,51,51,51,51 Vulcanization accelerator - 2111111 Tread thickness (mm) B555558 Carcass cord specifications MaterialPETPET×AramidRayonPETPETNylon Composition: 1440 dtex / 21100 dtex-P / 1100 dtex-A; 2000 dtex / 21100 dtex / 21100 dtex / 21440 dtex / 2 Fineness 288022004000220022002880 Breaking strength (N) C180180180150150240 Mean elongation L (%) 4, 53, 32, 95, 65, 66, 8 parameter A × B × C18.0004500450015.00037509600 Performance evaluation Steering stability rating 1009596958590 Shelf life rating 10088909889105 Overall rating 200183186193174195 Although the present invention has been described above based on the embodiments described above, the present invention is not limited to the embodiments described above. Various modifications can be made to the embodiments described above within the scope of protection of the same or equivalent to the present invention. The present invention (1) is a tire comprising a tread section forming a contact surface and a carcass section extending radially inwards from the tread section, wherein the tread section is formed from a rubber composition for a tread containing a styrene-butadiene rubber in a rubber component, a carcass cord forming the carcass section comprising a hybrid cord containing at least one aromatic polyamide fiber and at least one polyester fiber, and a product of a content A (parts by mass) of the styrene-butadiene rubber in 100 parts by mass of the rubber component of the rubber composition for a tread, a thickness B (mm) of the tread section and a tensile strength C (N) of the hybrid cord (A × B × C) greater than 10,000. The present invention (2) is the tire according to the present invention (1), wherein (A × B × C) is greater than 20,000. The present invention (3) is the tire according to the present invention (2), wherein (A × B × C) is greater than 30,000. The present invention (4) is a tire of any combination of the present inventions (1) to (3), wherein the fineness of the polyester fiber is greater than the fineness of the aromatic polyamide fiber. The present invention (5) is a tire of any combination of the present inventions (1) to (4), wherein the content A (parts by mass) of the styrene-butadiene rubber in 100 parts by mass of the rubber component of the rubber composition for a tread is more than 10 parts by mass. The present invention (6) is a tire of any combination of the present inventions (1) to (5), wherein the thickness B (mm) of the tread section is more than 5 mm. The present invention (7) is a tire of any combination of the present inventions (1) to (6), wherein the tensile strength C (N) of the hybrid cord is more than 130 N. The present invention (8) is a tire of any combination of the present inventions (1) to (7), wherein the rubber composition for a tread is a rubber composition containing silicon dioxide. The present invention (9) is the tire according to the present invention (8), wherein the silicon dioxide content in the rubber composition for a tread is 20 parts by mass or more per 100 parts by mass of the rubber component. The present invention (10) is the tire according to the present invention (8) or (9), wherein the silicon dioxide is sustainable silicon dioxide. The present invention (11) is the tire of any combination of the present inventions (1) to (10), wherein the polyester fiber is a polyethylene terephthalate fiber. The present invention (12) is the tire according to the present invention (11), wherein the polyethylene terephthalate fiber is a sustainable PET fiber. The present invention (13) is a tire of any combination of the present inventions (1) to (12), wherein the overall fineness of the hybrid cord is more than 2000 dtex. The present invention (14) is the tire of any combination of the present inventions (1) to (13), wherein the hybrid cord has a mean elongation of more than 2% and less than 5% under a load of 44 N. [EXPLANATION OF SYMBOLS] 1 Tire 2 Tread section 3 Sidewall section 4 Bead strip 5 Bead section 6 Inner liner 7 Carcass section 8 Belt 9 Filler 10 Tape 11 Carcass cord 11a Aromatic polyamide fiber 11b Polyester fiber 12 Cover rubber CL Tire equator plane QUOTES INCLUDED IN THE DESCRIPTION This list of documents cited by the applicant was automatically generated and is included solely for the reader's convenience. The list is not part of the German patent or utility model application. The DPMA accepts no liability for any errors or omissions. Cited patent literature US 4,414,370

[0154] JP 84-6207 A

[0154] JP 93-58805 A

[0154] JP 89-313522 A

[0154] US 5,010,166 B

[0154] BR 150B

[0189] Cited non-patent literature Akita Prefectural University Web Journal B / 2019, vol. 6, S. 216-222

[0102] Toa Gosei Synthetic Research Annual Report TREND2000 Nr. 3, S. 42-45

[0154]

Claims

A tire comprising a tread section forming a contact surface and a carcass section extending radially inwards from the tread section, wherein the tread section is formed from a rubber composition for a tread containing a styrene-butadiene rubber in a rubber component, a carcass cord forming the carcass section comprising a hybrid cord containing at least one aromatic polyamide fiber and at least one polyester fiber, and a product of a content A (parts by mass) of the styrene-butadiene rubber in 100 parts by mass of the rubber component of the rubber composition for a tread, a thickness B (mm) of the tread section and a tensile strength C (N) of the hybrid cord (A × B × C) greater than 10,000. Tires according to claim 1, wherein (A × B × C) is greater than 20,000. Tires according to claim 2, wherein (A × B × C) is greater than 30,000. Tires according to one of claims 1 to 3, wherein the fineness of the polyester fiber is greater than the fineness of the aromatic polyamide fiber. Tires according to one of claims 1 to 4, wherein the content A (parts by mass) of the styrene-butadiene rubber in 100 parts by mass of the rubber component of the rubber composition for a tread is more than 10 parts by mass. Tires according to any one of claims 1 to 5, wherein the thickness B (mm) of the tread section is more than 5 mm. Tires according to any one of claims 1 to 6, wherein the tensile strength C (N) of the hybrid cord is more than 130 N. Tires according to any one of claims 1 to 7, wherein the rubber composition for a tread is a rubber composition containing silicon dioxide. Tires according to claim 8, wherein the silicon dioxide content in the rubber composition for a tread is 20 parts by mass or more per 100 parts by mass of the rubber component. Tires according to claim 8 or 9, wherein the silicon dioxide is sustainable silicon dioxide. Tires according to any one of claims 1 to 10, wherein the polyester fiber is a polyethylene terephthalate fiber. Tires according to claim 11, wherein the polyethylene terephthalate fiber is a sustainable PET fiber. Tires according to any one of claims 1 to 12, wherein the total fineness of the hybrid cord is more than 2000 dtex. Tires according to any one of claims 1 to 13, wherein the hybrid cord has a mean elongation of more than 2% and less than 5% at a load of 44 N.

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