Horseshoes and accessories

Abstract

Horseshoe characterized by a flexibility layer made of a spacer fabric.

Description

The invention relates to a horseshoeHorseshoes occur in horses and other hens. These also include donkeys. Hereinafter, all one-mouths relevant to horseshoes are referred to as horses.Horseshoes were originally made of iron only.In the meantime, horseshoe is also referred to as horseshoe, which is composed wholly or partly of other materials. The function as protection for the hoof and the attachment under the hoof is decisive.Accessories to the horseshoe may include hoof rings and hoof plates.The hoof plates are intended to completely or partially close the opening of the hoof pad. The horseshoes are considered to be rings which can be placed under the horseshoes, simulated to the shape of the horseshoes.It has long been known to use the horseshoes not only as a wear protection for the hoof. With horseshoes, for example, a joint problem can be solved. Horseshoes made of leather are also known.Joint problems arise, for example, during permanent running of horses on current roads made of asphalt and concrete. This can be counteracted by providing the horseshoes with a tread damping.For the purpose of damping steps, the horseshoes are optionally provided with flexibility layers of rubber or similar material. In this case, the flexibility layer can be installed as a plate which extends over the entire hoof underside, or a layer which is simulated to the hoof iron is used.The compliance layer may be placed under the hoof or as an intermediate layer between hoof and horse hoof. The assembly can be effected by screwing or bonding. Nailing can also be effected for fastening the horseshoe as well as for fastening the intermediate layer.In detail:From AT47536 a shock absorbing insert plate for a horseshoe is known.AT70289, DE6650, DE66714, DE71743, DE72047, DE78909, DE888323 show a horseshoe with elastic insert comprised by the inwardly bent ends of the horseshoe. Such a horseshoe is also described in AT389979. The elastic insert described therein is intended to have an edge part which rejects foreign bodies.Elastic inserts are also described in DE25080.DE37591 describes rubber soles for horseshoes.Elastic pads for horseshoes are also described in CH47334. These inserts are provided with a profile which is intended to prevent the insert from twisting in the horseshoe.CH57177 also describes a horseshoe with an elastic insert. This elastic insert is in connection with a cap for protecting the horse hoof. The cap is replaceable. A screw connection is provided for replacement. The elastic insert should be arranged between horse hoof and screw connection and eliminate a risk of injury associated therewith.CH56451 describes a rubber air bag for filling cavities in a horseshoe. This flexible cavity filling is intended to serve for receiving snow and to push the snow out again on occasion.AT144406 and CH63719 describe horseshoes with rubber studs. A similar arrangement is provided in CH186693. CH202991 also shows compliance material, here in the form of resilient wedges made of rubber or the like.CH144161 describes an aid for horses against slipping. In this case, use is made of rubber rollers which are held under the hoof in a rotationally fixed manner and come into contact with the ground, so that slipping of the horse is counteracted by the rolling resistance of the rubber.In CH157489, CH182561, DE1448, DE1742, DE1877, DE3494, DE38245, DE38876, DE42624, DE52150, DE63681, DE66009, DE66075, DE2557288, insert plates of various variations of rubber are described which are intended to protrude from the horseshoe as a shock absorber and anti-skid insert so that impact load on horses should be alleviated when they appear on hard roads and so that there is a risk of slipping out for horses.However, there has not been any major application of the compliant-layered horseshoes.This is due to the fact that the prior art recovery elements / flexibility layers are felt to be inconvenient to handle. The various improvement efforts from the above references demonstrate this.According to the invention, the horseshoes and accessories are improved with the features of the main claim. The dependent claims describe preferred embodiments of the invention.According to the invention, shock absorption is achieved.Compliance elements / compliance layers on horseshoes and their accessories are made entirely or partially of spacer material. Spacer textiles consist of two spaced-apart textile layers which are connected to one another by threads. The textile layers may be separate layers which are sewn at a distance from one another. Preferably, a knitted fabric is used as a spacer textile, wherein an endless thread is guided such that the spaced-apart textile layers form and are connected to one another by threads. Such knitted fabrics are commercially available as so-called 3D layers, but can also be manufactured in a special construction. In conventional knits, the threads which connect the spaced-apart textile layers together usually run at an inclination to the plane of the textile layers. An angle of inclination of about 45 degrees of the threads connecting the spaced layers is favorable. Textile layers can likewise be produced with vertically extending threads or with a stronger / weaker inclination with respect to the textile layers. The inclination of the threads leads to a strong resistance to displacement. Due to the sliding resistance, the flexibility layer according to the invention can withstand the sliding load which acts on the horseshoe during a movement of the horse, in particular during acceleration and braking.Advantageously, the spacer fabrics can also be produced with a crosswise laying / knitting of the inclined threads. Depending on the embodiment, any inclination can be counteracted from any direction.Preferably, a spacer textile having a flexibility of at least 1 mm, more preferably at least 2 mm, and most preferably at least 3 mm is used. To provide the desired compliance, the total thickness of the spacer fabric is greater than the desired compliance. The greater the desired spring force, the greater must be the thickness of the threads connecting the two layers for the same material quality and for the same woven / knitted fabric. In the spacer fabrics, thicknesses between 1 and 12.5 mm are commercially available, but larger thicknesses can also be obtained. Even small thicknesses of the spacer textile can develop substantial damping effect. Moreover, the thickness of the threads connecting the spaced-apart textile layers can be varied. The same applies to the inclination of the threads. All has an effect on compliance.Shock absorption is characterized by the dynamic resistance of the compliance element / compliance layer when a horse hoof hits. The resistance increases with increasing compression of the compliance element / layer and, after reaching the maximum value, decreases again with progressive movement of the horse. The advancement of the horse or horse hoof involves raising the hoof with the compliance element / compliance layer being reset. In this case, the flexibility element / flexibility layer, as the hoof is lifted off, again reaches the starting position / starting shape which the flexibility element / flexibility layer had before the horse hoof hit.The resistance to compression of the compliance element / layer is equivalent to the spring force which assists in raising the hoof.A noticeable relief / shock absorption already occurs with a spring force of 10 kg, preferably the spring force is 40 kg, even more preferably 70 kg and most preferably 100 kg (based on the loaded total surface of the flexibility layer under the hoof)It is also advantageous if the spring force of the flexibility layer is limited to a measure which is at most equal to a fraction of the horse weight. This is based on the consideration that, for each impact of a hoof on the ground, only the initial impact needs to be cushioned and the further load is absorbed reflexively by the muscles of the horse. Still more preferably, the spring force is at most equal to half horse weight, most preferably at most equal to one quarter of horse weight (based on the total loaded area of the loaded compliance layer on a hoof).A separate spacer textile can be created for each desired spring force. Optionally, a higher / higher spring force can also be given to an existing spacer textile by stiffening. For this purpose, the spacer textiles can be formed into the shape of elements which are combined with more rigid flexibility elements.Preferably, a layer-by-layer combination of elements of different compliance takes place.Alternatively, the elements can also be arranged next to one another. Suitable for this purpose are square or rectangular or honeycomb shapes which can be assembled to form a layer. The shape or flexibility form provided for the horseshoes or accessories can then be cut or worked out of the layer.Alternatively, the cavity in a spacer textile is also used to change the flexibility by filling other material in suitable grain size into the cavity. The grit and fill level of the spacer fabric are selected to allow the desired compliance.Optionally, a filling level of the spacer textile is selected which is less than 90%, preferably less than 80%, even more preferably less than 70%, and most preferably less than 60%, in order to ventilate the underside of the hoof, for example. With ventilation, a rot can be counteracted. Ventilation can be enhanced by directing air.Optionally, a medium other than air can also be directed into the spacer textile according to the invention, for example a special gas or a liquid for the treatment of a hoof disease or for hoof care.The compliance material of the invention is preferably made of polyester. Polyester has extreme creep strength when deformed as a compliant material on a hoof or accessory. A heat treatment can contribute much to a particularly high bending flexibility.Alternatively, the compliance material may be polyamides, polyarylates, aramids. It can also be a mixture of one or more of the plastics listed, also a mixture with fibers.If wear surfaces consist of a layer of yielding material, a plastic such as polyvinyl chloride (PVC), polyurethane (PU), technical polyurethane (TPU) or technical rubber (RT) is preferably provided on the wear surface.The layer of flexible spacer textile according to the invention can be provided, for example, as an intermediate layer in any known form of horseshoe, as long as the spacing of the adjacent layers is variable. It is then advantageous to glue the intermediate layer to the other layers of the horseshoe. Existing threaded connections can be changed to adhesive connections if there is no other location in the design of the horseshoe that is suitable for adhesive connection.If a hoof shoe is already provided on the hoof, the flexibility layer according to the invention can be glued as an intermediate layer.It is advantageous if the flexibility layer according to the invention is, however, inserted into the hoof shoe in an exchangeable manner. Then, if necessary, another flexibility layer according to the invention can easily be inserted. In this way, the flexibility layers according to the invention can easily be replaced or cleaned and reprepared for example in the case of hoof diseases.For the selection / setting of the correct oneCompliance element / compliance layer requires determination of compliance demand. This can be done by way of estimating and then replacing compliance elements / compliance layers if no improvement in shock absorption or excessive shock absorption results with a chosen embodiment.For easier replacement, fastening the flexibility elements / flexibility layer with screws may be advantageous. The hoof can be provided with a multi-part embodiment of the hoof iron, wherein the hoof-side part of the hoof iron is held in the horn of the hoof with hoof nails and the remaining layers are screwed to the horn-side part of the hoof iron. This also includes the possibility of clamping intermediate layer with the layer on the side facing away from the hoof.In order to achieve a more rapid correct change in the shock absorption, pressure measuring devices can be used. It is possible to arrange a plurality of pressure plates next to one another or to arrange them one behind the other and to let the relevant horse pass over the pressure plates in a representative gait, if appropriate in all different gaits. The pressure plates can be plates as used in traffic monitoring for checking permissible truck loading. Such pressure plates can be multi-layered, wherein pressure cells are arranged between the layers. The pressure measuring cells generate electrical measurement signals which are transmitted to a computer via lines or wirelessly. The known computers record the pressure curve. When distributing a pressure over a plurality of load cells, the known computers determine the relevant pressure from all measured values taking into account the position and distance of the cells from the pressure point. The center of gravity of the surface area loaded by a hoof can be considered as the pressure point. When applied to pressure measurement in testing allowable truck load, the area relevant to the pressure point is the contact area of the truck tires with the pressure plates.In order to produce a closed track for the horses, it can be advantageous to cover the pressure plates with a mat / track extending over all the pressure plates. Mats / webs of rubber or plastic are easy to maintain and simple to obtain.The drawing shows various embodiments of the invention.FIG. 1 shows a hoof ring 1 made of 3D knit fabric, the shape of which is reproduced in plan view of the shape of a conventional hoof iron. This is a commercially available 3D knit fabric having a basis weight of 300 grams per square meter. The nature of commercially available 3D knits is given by the basis weight.The thickness of the hoof ring 1 is 5 mm.On the front side of the hoof ring a PVC layer is provided as wear layer. The wear layer has a thickness of 1 mm and is bonded to the hoof ring 1.The back side of the horseshoe ring 1 is bonded to the underside of the horseshoe. This is done on the hoof on the horse shoe. If necessary, the hoof ring 1 is again removed from the horse hoof and a new hoof ring 1 is glued on.FIG. 2 shows a plate 2 of 3D knitted fabric of the same nature as the 3D knitted fabric of the hoof ring 1, but without wear layer.The plate 2 is intended for horseshoes with horse shoes to be pushed into the horse shoe.References included in the specificationThis list of documents cited by the applicant has been produced in an automated manner and is only included for the better information of the reader. The list is not part of the German patent application or utility model application. The DPMA does not take any adhesion for any faults or omissions.Patent Literature citedDE 888323

[0012] AT 389979

[0012] CH 202991

[0018] CH 144161

[0019] CH 157489

[0020] CH 182561

[0020] DE 2557288

[0020]

Claims

Horseshoe characterized bya flexibility layer made of a spacer textile.Horseshoe according to claim 1, characterised bya hoof ring as a yielding layer of spacer textile or a plate as a yielding layer of spacer textile.Horseshoe according to claim 1 or 2, characterised bya composition of the flexibility layer made of several layers and / or a composition made of elementsHorseshoe according to claim 3, characterised by layers and / or elements of different nature.Horseshoe according to claim 4, characterised bya wear layer on the wear-contacted underside.Horseshoe according to one of Claims 1 to 5, characterized byquadian, rectangular or honeycomb elements.Horseshoe according to one of Claims 1 to 6, characterized in that the spacer textile is a 3D knitted fabric.Horseshoe according to claim 7, characterised bythe use of a 3D knit with inclined threads between spaced textile layersHorseshoe according to claim 7 or 8, characterised bycrossed / knitted threads between the spaced-apart textile layers.Horseshoe according to one of Claims 1 to 9, characterized bya partial hollow space filling.Horseshoe according to claim 10, characterised in that the filling degree is less than 90%, preferably less than 80%, even more preferably less than 70% and most preferably less than 60%.Horseshoe according to claim 11, characterised bya ventilation of the remaining cavity or the application of other gas or liquids to the remaining cavity.

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