Electromotor lock

Abstract

Electromotive lock for a door, a gate or a window in a building, consisting of a locking cylinder and an electric motor rotating a rotor in the locking cylinder, wherein the electric motor is arranged in a housing and connected to the rotor via a coupling element, characterized by a device (4) for adjusting a speed of the electric motor (2) depending on the sound emission and / or the individual perception of a user.

Description

[0001] The invention relates to an electromotive lock for a door, a gate or a window in a building, consisting of a locking cylinder and an electric motor rotating a rotor in the locking cylinder, wherein the electric motor is arranged in a housing and is connected to the rotor via a coupling element.

[0002] Such electromotive locks are known from the prior art. EP 3 000 953 B1 discloses a key-actuating device for turning a key in a lock of a door or the like, comprising a base body designed for direct or indirect attachment to the lock, an engagement element rotatable relative to the base body and designed for engagement with a key located in the lock, an electromechanical drive, and a gear for drivingly coupling the electromechanical drive to the engagement element. In order to enable quieter and more unobtrusive operation of electrical key-actuating devices in such a key-actuating device, the gear is accommodated in a gear housing, which is attached to the base body via at least one elastic buffer device.Mechanical measures to prevent comparatively loud noise generation are already known from this state of the art. Such mechanical measures have proven effective. However, it should be noted that such devices are often located outside buildings and are thus exposed to significant temperature fluctuations and other weather influences. Due to temperature fluctuations and weather influences, the devices used in mechanical noise reduction measures regularly undergo changes and, in some cases, even damage, so that these mechanical measures for reducing noise emissions are only fully effective over a specific period of time and / or within a specific temperature range.Furthermore, mechanical devices, such as elastic buffer devices, regularly experience material wear through operation, which can lead to changes in noise emissions, particularly increased noise levels. Especially with elastic buffer devices made of elastomers, so-called squeaking noises can occur more frequently during operation.

[0003] The invention is therefore based on the TASK of developing a generic electromotive lock in such a way that even after a longer period of operation and / or with regard to external, in particular climatic, influences, an improved, in particular reduced, noise emission is achieved.

[0004] The SOLUTION to this problem in an electromotive lock according to the invention provides that a device for controlling a speed of the electric motor is a component of the electromotive lock depending on the sound emission and / or the individual perception of a user.

[0005] By adjusting the speed of the electric motor, the noise emissions can be varied according to the speed, thus making it possible to reduce noise emissions to the lowest possible level. At the very least, however, it is also possible to adjust the noise emissions to a level that is individually acceptable to the user. The same applies to any resonance frequencies that may arise, which can also be controlled by adjusting the speed of the electric motor, so that excessive and / or disturbing noise emissions do not occur even above such resonance frequencies.

[0006] The noise emissions can originate directly from the operation of the electric motor. However, noise emissions that are possible sources of noise due to vibrations, particularly resonance vibrations of other related components of the lock, must also be recorded. Such vibrations can originate from a gear that is connected to the electric motor. Furthermore, the locking cylinder can emit noises that can also be caused by vibrations. The same applies to the lock, which is inserted into a door, gate, or window opening and secured there. The drive of the electric motor can excite and emit vibrations from other components, including the frame. This can lead to noise emissions that are generally or individually perceived as a burden.

[0007] The aforementioned measures for adjusting the speed of the electric motor can also be combined with other measures, for example, mechanical measures for mounting and / or soundproofing the electric motor and, furthermore, a gearbox within a housing using soundproofing elements, so that, overall, the combination of the inventive design of an electromotive lock and the known mechanical soundproofing measures results in optimal noise reduction or resonance frequency reduction. If changes in noise emissions occur due to the mechanical measures, it is then possible to compensate for this by regulating the speed of the electric motor.

[0008] According to further features of the invention, there are various options for adjusting the speed of the electric motor. This primarily refers to DC motors, also known as stepper motors. With stepper motors, the speed is controlled by setting or regulating a specific number of steps per unit of time.

[0009] The electric motor is therefore preferably designed as a direct current motor. DC motors that can be powered by batteries have proven effective in this application. Various DC motors are known that can generally be used for this application. The type of control and / or regulation of the speed may depend on the type of DC motor.

[0010] The device for adjusting the speed of the electric motor can be designed as a control and / or regulation of the supply voltage. With a control system, a specific speed is controlled and set. With a regulation system, the focus is on setting different speeds depending on the noise emissions and / or vibrations. The speed of the electric motor can be set or regulated in a simple electrical manner via the supply voltage of the DC motor. Such a setting can, for example, be made in the factory during the manufacture of an electromotive lock, so that the DC motors of different electromotive locks can be individually adjusted. The speed of the electric motor can be regulated, for example, using a variable voltage regulator.For this purpose, integrated circuits with transistors, resistors and / or diodes or even microcontrollers, for example with metal oxide semiconductor field effect transistors (MOSFETs), an H-bridge, in particular a four-quadrant controller, can be provided, with which control loop functions such as reference source, control amplifier, actuator and additional protective functions are fulfilled.

[0011] Alternatively, the device for adjusting the speed of the electric motor can be designed as a control and / or regulation system for adjusting the armature voltage and / or the armature resistance. Insofar as a fixed supply voltage is generally available, the speed is set via the excitation current. If the excitation current is increased, the speed decreases and vice versa. In a series-wound motor, the supply voltage is above the armature and excitation resistance. In the case of a series-wound motor, a high inrush current also flows through the excitation coils, which in turn results in a high excitation. As a result, the drive torque during starting is significantly greater than with a shunt-wound motor, and both the speed and the induced voltage increase more quickly, so that the starting current drops more quickly. The features described above are therefore particularly applicable to shunt-wound or series-wound motors.

[0012] According to a further feature of the invention, it is provided that the device for adjusting the speed of the electric motor is designed as a control and / or regulation for adjusting the current through the field winding.

[0013] A further possibility for speed control is provided according to a further feature of the invention in that the control and / or regulation for setting the speed of the electric motor is designed as a pulse frequency modulation or pulse width modulation control. In this case, the desired motor parameters, defined here as the speed, are converted into digital manipulated variables and further processed in special control circuits. A constant target / actual comparison is made between the specified speed and the actual speed of the electric motor.

[0014] According to the invention, speed control of electric motors, particularly DC motors, is a useful function for adjusting noise emissions and / or resonance frequencies. By controlling the speed of the electric motor, the electric motor can be varied to suit the respective requirements and the corresponding operation can be achieved. In order to achieve a decrease or increase in the motor speed, there are four options for reducing the motor speed, particularly for DC motors. The speed of the electric motor can be adjusted using a speed controller. Alternatively, the supply voltage can be adjusted. Furthermore, the armature voltage and armature resistance can be adjusted, and finally, there is the option of adjusting the current flow through the field winding.

[0015] When adjusting the speed of the electric motor using a supply voltage controller, it is important to assume that the speed of the electric motor is proportional to the supply voltage, regardless of the load. Therefore, if the supply voltage drops, the speed of the electric motor also decreases accordingly.

[0016] Control via the armature voltage and / or armature resistance is particularly advantageous for small electric motors. Here, the field winding is fed from a constant supply voltage, while the armature winding is fed from a separate variable DC source. With armature voltage control, the speed of the electric motor can be controlled by adjusting the armature resistance to control the voltage drop across the armature. This method also uses a variable resistor in series with the armature. When the variable resistor reaches its minimum value, the armature resistance is within a normal range, and therefore the armature voltage drops. As the resistance value is gradually increased, the voltage across the armature decreases. This, in turn, leads to a reduction in the speed of the electric motor, making the speed adjustable.

[0017] The speed can also be adjusted using the so-called flux control method, in which the magnetic flux through the field windings varies to change the speed of the electric motor. The magnetic flux depends on the current flowing through the field winding. Thus, by adjusting the current through the field winding, the speed of the electric motor can be varied. Preferably, a variable resistor is connected in series with the field winding resistance. When the variable resistor is initially held at its minimum position, a rated current flows through the field winding due to a rated supply voltage. As a result, a certain speed is maintained. If the resistance is gradually reduced, the current through the field winding increases. As a result, the flux generated increases, and the motor speed drops below the normal value.

[0018] According to a further feature of the invention, the housing comprises an adjustment device with which the speed of the electric motor can be manually adjusted. The adjustment device can preferably be designed as a microcontroller or a potentiometer, in particular as a trimmer.

[0019] A potentiometer is a passive component that regulates electrical resistance. It comes in various designs, such as trimmers and rotary potentiometers. A potentiometer is therefore particularly suitable for controlling the supply voltage of an electric motor.

[0020] A microcontroller fulfills complex requirements for controlling electric motors. The microcontroller enables targeted and rapid adjustment of the motor control and thus also the speed. Furthermore, various safety-relevant additional functions can be implemented, such as torque limitation through overload shutdown and signaling of load conditions. In addition to speed control, speed regulation is also possible. For example, a triac can be controlled via the microcontroller to adjust the speed of the electric motor. Furthermore, the current consumption of the electric motor can be measured using a shunt resistor, enabling motor shutdown if the permissible motor current is exceeded.For speed control, an output signal from a Hall sensor, which corresponds to the actual speed value, can be compared with a setpoint speed value, and a new firing point for the triac can be calculated from the speed difference. The current flow through the triac as an actuator is controlled.

[0021] Finally, according to a further feature of the invention, it is provided that the housing has a vibration and / or sound sensor with which a vibration and / or sound frequency or noise emission of the electric motor and / or other components, in particular of the lock, is detected and possibly also recorded, that the housing has a storage unit with at least one maximum value of the vibration and / or sound frequency or noise emission and that a regulating and / or control element is provided that the speed of the electric motor is reduced or increased when the maximum value of the vibration and / or sound frequency or sound emission is reached until a value of the vibration and / or sound frequency or sound emission below the maximum value of the vibration and / or sound frequency or sound emission is reached.

[0022] In addition to the electric motor, noise emissions, particularly vibrations, can also be generated by other components, ranging from mechanically moving parts in a gearbox flanged to the electric motor or integrally installed with it, to a locking cylinder and a lock that is opened or closed with the locking cylinder. Noise emissions can ultimately also be caused by vibrations caused by the start-up and operation of the electric motor in a door leaf, gate, or window frame, as well as its casing. These vibrations can be influenced by the electric motor's speed control and / or speed regulation.

[0023] In this embodiment, the noise emission is essentially recorded automatically and set to a value that does not exceed a maximum value. For this purpose, a vibration and / or sound sensor is provided on or in the housing, with which a vibration and / or sound frequency or sound emission of the electric motor or of the components connected to the electric motor in a vibration-generating manner is recorded and possibly also recorded. This makes it possible to record additional sound sources, in particular components excited to vibrate, which are taken into account when processing the vibration and / or sound frequency. The recorded vibration and / or sound frequencies orNoise emissions from the electric motor, other components of the lock, and the components supporting the lock are compared with values stored in a memory unit within the housing. This comparison can then be used to determine whether reducing or increasing the speed of the electric motor leads to improved overall emissions.

[0024] Further features and advantages of the invention will become apparent from the following description of the drawing, in which part of an electromotive lock is shown in a sectional side view.

[0025] The drawing shows a housing 1 in which an electric motor 2 is arranged. The electric motor 2 has a drive shaft 3 connected to a rotor (not shown in detail) of a locking cylinder, so that the rotor of the locking cylinder can be rotated via the drive shaft 3 in such a way that a lock connected to the locking cylinder can be moved from an open to a closed position or vice versa. The housing 1 with the electric motor 2, the drive shaft 3 and any gearing arranged thereon, as well as the locking cylinder and the lock, form an electromotive lock for a door, gate, or window.

[0026] Also arranged in the housing 1 is a device 4 for adjusting the speed of the electric motor 2. The device 4 consists of a potentiometer, which can be actuated via a slide 5. The slide 5 passes through a slot-like opening 6 in the housing, which serves to guide the slide 5. The slide 5 is thus arranged in the region of an outer surface 7 of the housing 1, wherein the slide 5 has a width that is greater than the width of the opening 6.

[0027] The slide 5 interacts with a flat resistance element 8. This resistance element 8 has different resistance values along its length, so that the electrical energy to be made available to the electric motor 2 can be adjusted by adjusting the slide 5. This controls the speed of the electric motor 2.

[0028] A microcontroller can also be used instead of a potentiometer.

[0029] Furthermore, a power source 9 is arranged in the housing 1. This power source consists, for example, of a battery carrier (not shown) and replaceable batteries (not shown) arranged therein. Rechargeable batteries can also be provided. The power source 9 is electrically connected to a control and / or regulation element 10, to which an adjustment device 11, consisting of the resistance element 8 and the slide 5, is also connected.

[0030] Also provided in the housing 1 is a memory unit 12, which serves to store values of a vibration and / or sound frequency or sound emission. The memory unit 12 also stores a maximum permissible value for the vibration and / or sound frequency or sound emission.

[0031] Additionally, a vibration and / or sound sensor 13, designed as a microphone, is arranged in the outer region of the housing 1 and connected to the regulating and / or control element 10. During operation of the electromotive lock, the vibration and / or sound sensor 13 records the sound emissions of the electromotive lock or of components connected to it in terms of vibration technology, for example, a door, and transmits them to the regulating and / or control element 10 as a vibration and / or sound frequency or sound emission value. The regulating and / or control element 10 then compares the transmitted vibration and / or sound frequency or sound emission value with the vibration and / or sound frequencies or sound emissions stored in the memory unit 12.If the vibration and / or sound frequency or sound emission value recorded by the vibration and / or sound sensor 13 and transmitted to the regulating and / or control element 10 exceeds the maximum permissible value of the vibration and / or sound frequency or sound emission stored in the memory unit 12, the speed of the electric motor 2 can be adjusted via the regulating and / or control element 10 such that the value of the vibration and / or sound frequency or sound emission then recorded by the vibration and / or sound sensor 13 is below the maximum value of the vibration and / or sound frequency or sound emission.

[0032] In addition, the speed of the electric motor 2 can also be manually adjusted by a user via the adjustment device 11. The user decides on a vibration and / or sound frequency or sound emission that is comfortable for them, insofar as different users may perceive different sound emissions as pleasant or unpleasant.

[0033] However, influencing the speed of the electric motor 2 via the adjustment device 11 is only possible to the extent that the functionality of the electromotive lock is not impaired, for example, to the extent that the drive torque is insufficient for opening and / or closing the lock. In this respect, a torque sensor (not shown) could also be provided at the output of the gear unit (not shown), which prevents the speed of the electric motor 2 from decreasing below a predetermined torque via the regulating and / or control element 10. Reference symbol 1 housing 2 electric motor 3 drive shaft 4 Device 5 sliders 6 Opening 7 Exterior surface 8 resistance element 9 Energy source 10 Control and / or regulation element 11 Adjustment device 12 storage units 13 Vibration and / or sound sensors QUOTES CONTAINED IN THE DESCRIPTION

[0000] This list of documents submitted by the applicant was generated automatically and is included solely for the convenience of the reader. This list is not part of the German patent or utility model application. The DPMA assumes no liability for any errors or omissions. Cited patent literature

[0000] EP 3 000 953 B1

[0002]

Claims

[1] Electromotive lock for a door, a gate or a window in a building, consisting of a locking cylinder and an electric motor rotating a rotor in the locking cylinder, wherein the electric motor is arranged in a housing and is connected to the rotor via a coupling element characterized by a device (4) for adjusting a speed of the electric motor (2) depending on the sound emission and / or the individual perception of a user. [2] Lock according to claim 1, characterized by that the electric motor (2) is designed as a DC motor and the device (4) for adjusting the speed of the electric motor (2) is designed as a control and / or regulation of the supply voltage. [3] Lock according to claim 1 or 2, characterized bythat the device (4) for adjusting the speed of the electric motor (2) is designed as a control and / or regulation for adjusting the armature voltage and / or the armature resistance. [4] Lock according to one of claims 1 to 3, characterized by that the device (4) for adjusting the speed of the electric motor (2) is designed as a control and / or regulation for adjusting the current through the field winding. [5] Lock according to one of claims 1 to 4, characterized by that the device (4) for adjusting the speed of the electric motor (2) is designed as a control and / or regulation of a pulse frequency modulation or a pulse width modulation. [6] Lock according to one of claims 1 to 5, characterized by that the housing (1) has an adjusting device (11) with which the speed of the electric motor (2) can be manually adjusted. [7] Lock according to claim 6, characterized bythat the adjusting device (11) is designed as a microcontroller or as a potentiometer, in particular as a trimmer. [8] Lock according to one of claims 1 to 7, characterized bythat the housing (1) has a vibration and / or sound sensor (13) with which a vibration and / or sound frequency or sound emission of the electric motor (2) and / or the lock, the locking cylinder, a gear connected to the electric motor and / or a component directly or indirectly connected to at least one of the aforementioned devices, such as a door, gate, window, frame, is detected and / or recorded, that the housing (1) has a storage unit (12) with at least one maximum value of the vibration and / or sound frequency or sound emission, and that a regulating and / or control element (10) is provided which reduces or increases the speed of the electric motor (2) when the maximum value of the vibration and / or sound frequency or sound emission is reached until a value of the vibration and / or sound frequency orSound emission is below the maximum value of the vibration and / or sound frequency or sound emission.

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