Sliding and tilting device

Abstract

A sliding and / or tipping device comprising: a trough (20), in particular for bulk material; and a substructure (100) to which the trough (20) is articulated via a tipping joint (130', 130'') with a tipping axis (K); wherein the substructure (100) has a sliding mechanism which enables the trough (20) to be moved relative to the substructure and / or a tipping mechanism which enables the trough (20) to be tipped about the tipping axis (K) relative to the substructure; characterized in that the trough (20) has a receiving means (26), in particular a hook, at a position spaced perpendicular to its tipping axis (K) for the detachable coupling of an external drive device (40), such as a crane or an excavator, for moving and / or tipping the trough (20) relative to the substructure (100).

Description

The invention relates to a sliding and tilting device for sliding and / or tilting a trough, e.g., for bulk material, relative to a substructure. Furthermore, the invention relates to a system consisting of a flatcar, in particular a railway flatcar, on which the sliding and / or tilting device is preferably detachably mounted, and a drive unit for sliding the trough, in particular transversely to the longitudinal axis of the flatcar, and / or for tilting the trough about a tilting axis which runs parallel to the longitudinal axis of the car. Such sliding and / or tipping devices and systems are generally known in the art, particularly for railway freight flatcars. Specifically, such systems are known for container flatcars on which bulk material tipping troughs are both sliding and tipping transversely to the longitudinal axis of the container flatcar and thus transversely to the direction of travel of the freight car; see Fig. 9. These systems are known under the generic name "OWS tipping system". In these systems, several electro-hydraulically operated tipping troughs 20 are typically arranged on each container flatcar instead of at least one container. According to Fig. 10, each of the known container flatcars is then equipped with an electro-hydraulic drive 40 to execute the sliding and tipping movement of the bulk material tipping troughs 20. Such a bulk material tipping trough has, for example, a payload of 14 t. Fig. 10 shows the known system in cross-sectional views, with view a) showing the system with the trough in its transport position, view b) showing the trough 20 in a sliding position, and view c) showing the trough 20 in a tipping position relative to the flatcar 30. Crucially, in the prior art system, the drive unit 40 is provided directly on the system itself for carrying out the sliding and / or tipping movement of the trough 20. Based on this prior art, the invention aims to provide an alternative drive device for moving and / or tilting the trough for a known sliding and / or tilting device and for a known system. This problem is solved for the sliding and / or tilting device by the subject matter of claim 1. This is characterized in that the trough has a receiving means, in particular a hook, at a position spaced perpendicularly from its tilting axis for the detachable coupling of an external drive device, such as a crane or an excavator, for sliding and / or tilting the trough relative to the substructure. The term "external" is to be understood, within the meaning of the invention, as meaning that the drive unit is not part of the sliding and / or tilting device, but is arranged both spatially and structurally outside of the sliding and / or tilting device. However, the drive unit is indeed a component of a system according to the invention. In other words, the term "external" is to be understood as meaning that the drive unit is to be regarded as an independent unit that is not integrated into the sliding and / or tilting device. Preferably, the term "external" means: laterally. The required vertical distance of the receiving device to the tipping axis is necessary to exert a torque on the trough, causing it to perform a tipping movement around its tipping axis. The claimed sliding and / or tipping device advantageously does not have its own drive unit for sliding and / or tipping the skip. This saves costs and weight, especially if, as is common in the prior art, an individual drive unit is provided for each skip. This is made possible by the mounting element arranged on the skip, which allows a drive unit located next to the device to be coupled to it. To enable the tipping movement, the mounting element must be attached to the skip at a perpendicular distance (lever arm) from the tipping axis. The problem is further solved by a system according to claim 2. The advantages of this system correspond to the advantages previously mentioned with reference to the device. Advantageous embodiments of the sliding and / or tilting device and of the system are the subject of the dependent claims. The application includes a total of 10 figures, wherein Fig. 1 shows the sliding and / or tilting device according to a first embodiment in a perspective view; Fig. 2 is a detail view of Fig. 1; Fig. 3 is a side view of the sliding and / or tilting device according to the first embodiment; Fig. 4 shows the sliding and / or tilting device according to a second embodiment; Fig. 5 shows the device according to Fig. 4 in a side view; Fig. 6 shows a locking device according to the invention for locking the trough to a substructure in the locked position; Fig. 7 shows the locking element from Fig. 6 in the unlocked position; Fig. 8 shows the system according to the present invention; Fig. 9 shows a known system according to the prior art in a perspective view; and Fig.10 shows the known system from the prior art in various cross-sectional views with different positions of the trough. The invention is described in detail below with reference to Figures 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7 to 8 in the form of exemplary embodiments. In all figures, identical technical elements are designated by the same reference numerals. Fig. 1 shows the sliding and / or tilting device 200 according to the invention, consisting of a substructure 100 and a trough 20, in particular for bulk material, which is mounted on the substructure in a tilting manner via a tilting joint 130', 130''. The key feature of the present invention is that the trough 20 has a receiving means 26, for example a hook 26, at a position facing away from the tipping joint 130', 130" and the tipping axis K by a perpendicular distance, for the releasable engagement of a drive device 40, such as a crane or an excavator, for moving and / or tipping the trough 20 relative to the substructure 100. According to the invention, the drive device 40 is arranged externally to the moving and / or tipping device 200. The substructure 100 has a sliding mechanism on its upper side for moving the trough 20 from a transport position (see Fig. 10a) to a sliding position (see Fig. 10b). The transport position refers to the situation when the trough is supported on the substructure but is neither moved nor tilted relative to it. The trough assumes the sliding position when it has been moved from the transport position relative to the substructure. These positions, known from the prior art, apply equally to the present invention. The components of the sliding mechanism are: at least one guide rail 110, or, by way of example, two guide rails as shown in Fig. 1, and at least one sliding rod 120, or, by way of example, two sliding rods as shown in Fig. 1, for moving the trough 20 from the transport position to the sliding position and back. The sliding rods 120 are mounted at one end in the guide rails 110 so as to be linearly displaceable along a sliding path in a sliding direction V. At their other free ends, the sliding rods 120 each have a first half 130' of the tilting joint for pivotally connecting the trough 20 for a sliding and / or tilting movement of the trough relative to the substructure 100. The guide rails 110 preferably have a cross-sectional profile with at least one angled leg 112 to ensure a purely linear displacement path or a purely linear displacement movement of the displacement rods 120 and thus of the trough relative to the substructure. First displacement travel stop elements 122 serve to limit the displacement travel of the displacement rods 120 when the transport position and / or the displacement position, also called the tipping position for the trough 20, is reached. The two guide rails 110 are arranged parallel and opposite each other. They are open on their facing sides. The two sliding rods 120 guided in them are preferably held at an equidistant distance from each other by a spacer element 124 transverse to their direction of movement. This stabilizes the sliding movement. In this case, the sliding path stop elements 122 preferably each have a recess for precisely and releasably receiving the spacer element and thus limiting the sliding path. The recesses stabilize the sliding rods in the transport or sliding position. A further component of the sliding mechanism is at least one locking element 170' on the upper side of the substructure 100. It serves to secure the recess 20 in its normal position on the substructure against slippage transverse to its sliding direction, i.e., against displacement in a direction transverse to the longitudinal extent of the guide rail 110. For this purpose, the recess 20 preferably has at least one complementary locking element 170'' on its underside for releasable engagement with the locking element 170' on the substructure 100. The displacement mechanism preferably further comprises at least one additional guide element 160 mounted on the upper side of the substructure 100 for guiding the trough during its displacement along the linear displacement path. The additional guide element 160 is a straight guide track arranged parallel to the guide rail 110 for a sliding element or a roller 22 rotatably mounted on the underside of the trough 20. Fig. 2 shows the guide track with the roller 22 in a detailed view of Fig. 1 . The arrangement of the guide track on the substructure 100 and the sliding element or roller 22 on the trough 20 can alternatively be reversed. In this case, the sliding element or the rotatably mounted roller is located on the top of the substructure and the guide track on the bottom of the trough. In addition to the first displacement stop elements 122, second displacement stop elements 165 can be provided on the top side of the substructure 100 to limit the displacement of the sliding body or roller 22 in the maximum displacement position or tilting position for the trough 20; see also Fig. 2 . In addition to the sliding mechanism, the substructure has a tilting mechanism as shown in Figures 1-3. This allows the trough 20 to tilt about the tilting axis K into a tilting position relative to the substructure. For this purpose, the trough 20 is pivotally connected to the substructure 100 via the tilting joint 130', 130'', which has the tilting axis K. In the tilting position, as shown in Figure 1, the trough is inclined at a tilting angle α relative to the substructure. In the tilting position, the trough 20 is supported on the substructure 100 by a support lever 150. The support lever is articulated to both the trough 20 and the substructure by a joint 25, 140. In Figure 1, the joint 140 between the support lever and the substructure is designed as a sliding joint, and the joint between the support lever and the trough is designed as a simple pivot joint.Alternatively, the pivot joint 25 can be arranged on the substructure and the sliding joint 140 on the trough; see Fig. 4 and Fig. 5 . In the sliding joint 140, a bolt 144 is guided in a slotted guide 142, the bolt being rigidly connected to the support lever. The slotted guide has a first stop 143 to limit the displacement of the bolt 144 and thus to limit the tilting movement of the trough 20 when the trough is tilted by a predetermined maximum tilting angle αMax. The sliding joint 140 or the slotted guide 142 is preferably arranged parallel to the guide rails 110 on the substructure 100. A locking device 180 serves to limit the displacement of the bolt 144 in the slot guide 142. The locking device 180 prevents the trough 20 from unintentionally tipping back onto the substructure 100 from a tilted position or even falling. In particular, the locking device 180 can fix the trough in its maximum tilted position, as shown in Figs. 1, 2, and 3. In this position, the bolt 144 abuts the first stop 143 of the slot guide with its front side and the locking device 180 with its rear side. In the simplest case, the locking device 180 is a plate that can pivot into and out of the bolt's displacement path. The position along the slot guide 142, at which the plate can be pivoted into the displacement path of the bolt, is preferably variably adjustable, e.g. by means of a rotary spindle 185. According to Fig. 1, Fig. 3, Fig. 6 and Fig. 7, the trough 20 preferably has on its underside a half 195' of a further locking element for engaging in a complementary half 195'' of the locking element on the substructure 100 to secure the trough 20 in the transport position against lifting upwards from the substructure 100. Fig. 6 shows the locking elements 195', 195'' and thus the recess 20 and the substructure 100 in a locked position. Fig. 7 shows the locking elements 195', 195'' in an unlocked position, i.e., the recess 20 can be moved relative to the substructure 100, in particular lifted off. Fig. 8 shows a system 300 according to the invention, consisting of a flatcar 30, in particular a railway flatcar, the sliding and / or tipping device 200 as described above, and a drive unit 40 positioned externally and away from the flatcar. The sliding and / or tipping device 200 is detachably connected to the flatcar 30 via couplings 190. The drive unit 40, positioned externally, preferably laterally to the flatcar, is designed, for example, in the form of a crane or an excavator for detachably engaging the receiving element 26 of the trough 20 to move the trough, in particular transversely to the longitudinal axis L of the flatcar 30, and / or to tip the trough 20 about the tipping axis K formed by the tipping joint 130', 130" which preferably runs parallel to the longitudinal axis of the flatcar. According to one embodiment, the couplings 190 on the trough 20 and their mating couplings on the flatcar 30 are arranged such that they form the corners of an imaginary rectangle, in particular a square, wherein the rectangle is oriented to the flatcar 30 such that two opposite sides of the rectangle run parallel to the longitudinal axis L of the flatcar. This has the advantage that the sliding and / or tilting device 200 can then be easily repositioned on the flatcar – rotated by 90° or 180° as required – using a lifting device, e.g., the drive unit 40, so that the trough can then be selectively moved and / or tilted to the right or left side of the flatcar, see Fig. 9. While moving and tilting the trough to the right and left side of the flatcar may be known in the prior art, as shown in Fig.Figure 9 shows, but not the possibility of easily relocating the sliding and / or tilting device due to the arrangement of the couplings in the corners of a rectangle. The method for operating the system according to the invention is described below. It comprises the following steps when the trough 20 is, for example,to be unloaded of bulk material: a) Unlocking the trough from the substructure 100 by releasing the locking elements 195', 195''; b) Connecting, in particular hooking the external drive device 40 to a receiving means 26, in particular the hook of the trough 20, which is mounted on the flatcar 30 and the substructure 100; c) Moving the trough 20 transversely to the longitudinal axis of the flatcar with the sliding rod 120 guided in the guide rail 110 from the transport position to a moving position in which the tipping axis K is preferably located outside the substructure 100; and d) in the displacement position: pulling the trough 20 up by means of the drive device 40 on its receiving means 26 into a tipping position, whereby the trough 20 is tipped about the tipping axis K up to a predetermined maximum tipping angle αMax, for example to unload its load, for example the bulk material, from the trough. In process step c), the sliding rod 120 is moved until a stop element on the sliding rod 120, in particular the spacer element 124, engages in the sliding path stop element 122 in the tilting position and the sliding path is thus limited. In process step d), the trough 20 is tilted to its maximum extent until the axis of rotation abuts the stop 143 at the joint for bearing the support lever 150 when the maximum tilting angle position is reached. The complementary locking element 170'' on the underside of the trough 20 is pulled out of the locking element 170' on the top side of the substructure 100 transversely to the longitudinal axis of the flatcar during process step c). To return the trough 20 from the tipping position to the transport position, the process steps a) to d) are carried out in reverse order. Reference symbol list 20 Trough 22 Roller or sliding body 25 Joint between trough and support lever 26 Receiving means 30 Flat carriage 40 Drive unit 100 Substructure 110 Guide rail 112 Leg 120 Sliding rod 122 Travel stop element 124 Spacer element 125 Travel stop element 130' Tilting joint half 130'' Complementary tilting joint half 140 Joint between support lever and substructure, preferably sliding joint 142 Slotted guide 143 Stop formed by the slotted guide 144 Bolt 150 Support lever 160 Guide track 165 Second travel stop elements 170' Detent element 170'' Complementary detent element 180 Locking device 185 Rotary spindle 190 Coupling between substructure and flat carriage 195' Locking element 195'' Complementary locking element 200 Travel and / or tipping device 300 system α tipping angle αMax maximum tipping angle K tipping axis L longitudinal axis of the flatcar V direction of movement

Claims

A sliding and / or tipping device comprising: a trough (20), in particular for bulk material; and a substructure (100) to which the trough (20) is articulated via a tipping joint (130', 130'') with a tipping axis (K); wherein the substructure (100) has a sliding mechanism which enables the trough (20) to be moved relative to the substructure and / or a tipping mechanism which enables the trough (20) to be tipped about the tipping axis (K) relative to the substructure; characterized in that the trough (20) has a receiving means (26), in particular a hook, at a position spaced perpendicular to its tipping axis (K) for the detachable coupling of an external drive device (40), such as a crane or an excavator, for moving and / or tipping the trough (20) relative to the substructure (100). System (300) comprising: a flat wagon (30), in particular a railway flat wagon, with a longitudinal axis (L); and the sliding and / or tipping device according to claim 1, wherein the sliding and / or tipping device is detachably connected to the flat wagon (30) via couplings (190); and a drive device (40) positioned externally to the flat wagon, e.g. in the form of a crane or an excavator for detachably engaging the receiving means (26) of the trough (20) for sliding the trough, in particular transversely to the longitudinal axis (L) of the flat wagon (30), and / or for tipping the trough (20) about the tipping axis (K) formed by the tipping joint (130', 130"), which preferably runs parallel to the longitudinal axis of the flat wagon. System (300) according to claim 2, characterized in that the couplings (190) on the trough (20) and their mating couplings on the flatcar (30) are arranged such that they form the corners of an imaginary rectangle, in particular a square, wherein the rectangle is oriented to the flatcar (30) such that two opposite sides of the rectangle run parallel to the longitudinal axis (L) of the flatcar.

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