Nutrient composition to support kidney health in aging pets and pet food

Abstract

Nutrient composition to support kidney health in older pets, characterized in that the nutrient composition comprises in mass percentages: 20-30% cellulose, 20-30% fat, 2-5% premixed amino acids, 2-7% prebiotics, 2-7% minerals, 1-5% antioxidants, 1-5% vitamin premix, 1-5% trace element premix, remainder as carrier.

Description

TECHNICAL AREA

[0001] The utility model relates to the field of animal feed formulations and specifically concerns a nutrient composition to support the kidney health of aging pets as well as pet food. STATE OF THE ART

[0002] Chronic kidney disease (CKD) is one of the most common diseases in older cats (usually cats 7 years and older), with its incidence rate increasing significantly with age. Statistics indicate that approximately 30 to 50% of older cats are affected by chronic kidney disease of varying severity. The main pathological features of CKD include the progressive loss of nephrons and a decrease in the glomerular filtration rate, which in turn causes a range of secondary metabolic disorders, manifesting primarily in three key pathological problems: metabolic acidosis, electrolyte imbalance (hyperphosphatemia, hypokalemia), and chronic, persistent oxidative stress and inflammation.These pathological processes are intertwined and form a vicious cycle that accelerates the deterioration of kidney function and significantly impairs the quality of life and lifespan of older cats.

[0003] Nutritional management in cats with chronic kidney disease has been addressed through various interventional approaches in existing technology. For example, Chinese patent CN104351476A discloses a health-promoting nutrient feed for kidney health in dogs and cats, which uses a low-salt and low-phosphate formula and includes vitamin E as well as food-grade medicinal substances such as astragalus, goji berries, and Salvia miltiorrhiza. The aim is to support kidney function by strengthening the kidneys and spleen, activating blood flow, and relieving congestion. Patent CN101198259B, held by Hill's Pet Nutrition, discloses a composition containing vitamin E, vitamin C, and carotenoids for the prevention or treatment of kidney disease. This technical solution primarily emphasizes the synergistic effect of antioxidants in reducing oxidative stress damage.Among commercially available products, Royal Canin's Senior Cat Formula 12+ represents a comparatively sophisticated and representative product. This product utilizes an "anti-aging complex" as its central technical solution and aims to inhibit the effects of aging on cognitive function, mobility, and oxidative responses. To support kidney function, the product contains a moderate phosphorus content of 0.6% to promote the maintenance of healthy kidney function. Nevertheless, the formulations of the aforementioned state-of-the-art technical solutions still exhibit the following disadvantages when used in older pets:

[0004] (1) Intervention strategies are comparatively fragmented. Although the state of the art focuses on antioxidants (such as the combination of lycopene and β-carotene in the Royal Canin product) or phosphorus limitation, there is no systematic, multi-target synergistic intervention against the vicious cycle network of ‘metabolic acidosis - inflammation - oxidative stress - electrolyte imbalance’.

[0005] (2) Electrolyte regulation is inflexible. The levels and ratios of minerals such as calcium, phosphorus, sodium, and potassium in existing formulations are relatively fixed. For example, the Royal Canin product limits the phosphorus content to 0.6%, but does not implement targeted optimization of potassium and sodium. It is difficult to dynamically adjust the balance according to the changing physiological needs at different stages of chronic kidney disease; in particular, a targeted intervention for the treatment of hypokalemia is lacking.

[0006] (3) Insufficient synergy between anti-inflammatory and antioxidant mechanisms. Although the Royal Canin product contains omega-3 fatty acids (10.9 g / kg) and antioxidants such as lycopene and β-carotene, the exact content and ratio of EPA and DHA are not specified, and a synergistic antioxidant combination of vitamin C and vitamin E is lacking. At the same time, the pathological link between acidosis and increased oxidative stress is neglected. Antioxidants alone, without correcting acidosis, have a limited effect.

[0007] (4) Uniform measures for acidosis management. According to current technology, such as with the Royal Canin product, acidic metabolic products are mainly reduced indirectly by limiting the total protein content; no active alkalization strategy is employed. This makes precise correction of the progressively increasing metabolic acidosis in older cats with chronic kidney disease difficult. Instead, a deficiency of essential amino acids can even exacerbate muscle wasting and loss.

[0008] In summary, the current state of the art lacks a systematic nutritional intervention program that can simultaneously improve metabolic acidosis, maintain electrolyte homeostasis, inhibit nephritis, and reduce oxidative stress damage.

[0009] Given the existing problem in the state of the art that there is no systematic nutritional intervention concept that can simultaneously improve metabolic acidosis, maintain electrolyte homeostasis, inhibit nephritis and reduce damage caused by oxidative stress, no effective solutions have yet been proposed. CONTENTS OF THE INSTRUCTION MANUAL

[0010] The purpose of the utility model is to provide a nutrient composition to support the kidney health of aging pets and pet food, addressing at least one deficiency in the prior art, in order to change the status quo in the related prior art, namely that there is no systematic nutritional intervention program that can simultaneously improve metabolic acidosis, maintain electrolyte homeostasis, inhibit kidney inflammation and reduce oxidative stress damage.

[0011] To achieve the aforementioned purpose, the following technical solution is applied to the utility model:

[0012] The first aspect of the utility model is the provision of a nutrient composition to support the kidney health of aging pets. The nutrient composition comprises, by mass percentage: 20-30% cellulose, 20-30% fat, 2-5% premixed amino acids, 2-7% prebiotics, 2-7% minerals, 1-5% antioxidants, 1-5% vitamin premix, 1-5% trace element premix, and a carrier substance as the remaining portion.

[0013] Furthermore, the cellulose contained in the nutrient composition is wood cellulose, with a fiber content of ≥ 80%.

[0014] Furthermore, based on the mass percentage of the nutrient composition, the total amount of eicosapentaenoic acid and docosahexaenoic acid in the fat is at least 6%.

[0015] Furthermore, based on the mass percentage of the nutrient composition, the taurine content in the premixed amino acids is 1-5%, the glutamine content is 1-5% and the lysine content is 1-5%.

[0016] Furthermore, based on the mass percentage of the nutrient composition, the content of mannooligosaccharides in the prebiotics is 1-5% and the content of fructooligosaccharides is 0.5-5%.

[0017] Furthermore, the minerals sodium and potassium are included, with the sodium salt content being 1-5% and the potassium salt content being 1-5% in relation to the mass percentage of the nutrient composition.

[0018] Furthermore, the antioxidants include vitamin E and vitamin C, with the vitamin E content being 1-2% and the vitamin C content being 0.5-1% in relation to the mass percentage of the nutrient composition.

[0019] The vitamin premix also includes vitamin A acetate, vitamin B1, vitamin B2, vitamin B6, vitamin B 12 , Vitamin D3, D-calcium pantothenate, D-biotin, nicotinamide, folic acid and their derivatives.

[0020] The trace elements also include copper, iron, manganese, zinc and selenium.

[0021] Furthermore, the carrier substance is maltodextrin.

[0022] Furthermore, the pet food also contains proteins and amino acids.

[0023] Furthermore, the pet food also contains added fat.

[0024] Furthermore, the pet food also contains carbohydrates.

[0025] Furthermore, the pet food contains at least one probiotic and herbal medicinal extract. The content of natural steroidal sarsaponin (from yucca) in the herbal medicinal extracts is 0.5-3% by mass.

[0026] The second aspect of the utility model is the provision of a pet food whose active ingredients contain the nutrient composition described in the first aspect; wherein the pet food includes dry food, wet food, semi-moist food and food supplements.

[0027] Furthermore, if the pet food is dry food, the weight percentage of the nutrient composition, based on the dry matter, is 5-15%.

[0028] Furthermore, if the pet food is wet food, the weight percentage of the nutrient composition, based on the wet mass, is 1.5-3.5%.

[0029] Furthermore, if the pet food is a food supplement (powder), the weight percentage of the nutrient composition, based on the dry powder mass, is 65-75%.

[0030] Furthermore, the lysine content in the pet food is ≥7 g / 1000 kcal, the arginine content is ≥7 g / 1000 kcal and the methionine content is 1.5-2.5 g / 1000 kcal, based on the metabolic energy of the nutrient composition.

[0031] Furthermore, the total amount of EPA and DHA in the pet food, based on the metabolic energy of the nutrient composition, is ≥1.5 g / 1000 kcal.

[0032] Furthermore, in the pet food, the weight ratio of omega-6 fatty acids to omega-3 fatty acids, based on the metabolic energy of the nutrient composition, is 5:1 to 3:1.

[0033] Furthermore, in pet food, based on the metabolic energy of the nutrient composition, the phosphorus content is 1-2 g / 1000 kcal, the potassium content is 1.8-3 g / 1000 kcal and the sodium content is 0.5-1 g / 1000 kcal.

[0034] Furthermore, in pet food, based on the metabolic energy of the nutrient composition, the content of vitamin E is ≥ 100 IU / 1000 kcal and the content of vitamin C is 25-50 mg / 1000 kcal.

[0035] Furthermore, the protein and amino acid sources of the pet food include: fresh chicken meat, chicken meal, fish meal, eggs, yeast hydrolysate, peas, rice protein, corn protein, chicken liver, whey protein concentrate, lysine, arginine, histidine, taurine, glutamine, leucine, isoleucine and valine.

[0036] Furthermore, the fat sources in the pet food include beef tallow, fish oil (rich in EPA / DHA), flaxseed, krill oil and algae oil.

[0037] Furthermore, the pulp sources of the pet food include cellulose, sugar beet pulp, alfalfa pellets and chicory.

[0038] Furthermore, the carbohydrate sources in the pet food include cassava, sweet potatoes, potatoes, rice, corn and flour.

[0039] Furthermore, the sources of prebiotics include mannooligosaccharides, fructooligosaccharides, xylan and chitooligosaccharides.

[0040] Furthermore, the sources of sodium salts include sodium chloride, and the sources of potassium salts include potassium chloride and potassium citrate.

[0041] Furthermore, the antioxidants in the pet food include natural mixed tocopherols and L-ascorbic acid-2-phosphate.

[0042] Furthermore, the pet food contains at least one probiotic, Chinese herbs and their extracts. These Chinese herbs and their extracts include natural steroidal sarsaponin (from yucca), astragalus, plantagin seeds, goji berries, Chinese yam root and Poria cocos.

[0043] Furthermore, the vitamin premix includes vitamin A acetate, vitamin B1, vitamin B2, vitamin B6, vitamin B 12 , Vitamin D3, D-calcium pantothenate, D-biotin, nicotinamide, folic acid and their various forms.

[0044] Furthermore, the trace elements include copper, iron, manganese, zinc, selenium and their various forms.

[0045] Furthermore, the PRAL value (potential renal acid load) of the pet food is ≤ 0.

[0046] Furthermore, the pets mentioned include dogs and cats.

[0047] By applying the above technical solution, the utility model exhibits the following technical effects compared to the prior art:

[0048] This utility model provides a nutrient composition to support kidney health in senior pets. Through the clever formulation of the composition, significant effects are achieved in improving metabolic acidosis, inhibiting kidney inflammation, maintaining electrolyte homeostasis, and reducing oxidative stress damage in older cats. Specifically, these effects include the following: (1) Active alkalization: By optimizing the amino acid profile, reducing the relative content of sulfur-containing amino acids, adjusting the levels of phosphorus, potassium and other ions, and adjusting the body's acid-base balance while controlling the PRAL value to ≤ 0, metabolic acidosis is precisely improved from the source. (2) Synergistic Antioxidation: By adding antioxidants and combining vitamin C and vitamin E - with a vitamin E content ≥ 100 IU / 1000 kcal and a vitamin C content of 25-50 mg / 1000 kcal - comprehensive elimination of free radicals in the aqueous and lipophilic phase is achieved, protecting the epithelial cells of the renal tubules and reducing oxidative stress damage. (3) Strong anti-inflammatory effect: The high content of EPA and DHA (≥ 1.5 g / 1000 kcal) is clearly defined, and the weight ratio of omega-6 fatty acids to omega-3 fatty acids in the pet food is limited to 5:1 to 3:1. This effectively regulates the metabolism of lipid mediators and inhibits the inflammatory response and the fibrosis process in the kidney. (4) Maintenance of dynamic electrolyte balance: Through the synergistic action of a low-phosphorus, low-sodium, and high-potassium formulation, the phosphorus content in the pet food is adjusted to 1-2 g / 1000 kcal, the sodium content to 0.5-1.0 g / 1000 kcal, and the potassium content to 1.8-3.0 g / 1000 kcal. This helps maintain the normal balance of extracellular fluid and cardiac conduction, and effectively counteracts potassium losses due to acidosis and diuretics. (5) Synergistic effect: Due to the innovative design of the formulation, the individual components work together. They can simultaneously act on acidosis, inflammation, oxidative stress, electrolyte imbalances, etc., and achieve a significant synergistic enhancing effect. EXAMPLES OF EXECUTION

[0049] The technical solution in the embodiments of this utility model is described clearly and completely below. Obviously, the described embodiments represent only a part, but not all, of the embodiments of this utility model. Based on the embodiments of this utility model, all further embodiments that a person skilled in the field would derive from them without inventive activity fall within the scope of protection of this utility model. For the test methods not specified with particular conditions in the following embodiments, the determination is usually made according to national standards. The test materials listed below without origin are all commercially available raw materials. The equipment used in the individual steps of the embodiments below is conventional equipment.Unless applicable national standards exist, work shall be carried out in accordance with applicable international standards, customary conditions, or the conditions recommended by the manufacturer. Unless otherwise specified, all parts refer to parts by weight and all percentages to percentages by mass. Unless otherwise defined or specified, all technical and scientific terms used in this utility model have the same meaning as understood by those skilled in the field. Furthermore, all processes and materials comparable to or equivalent to those described may be used in the process of this utility model.

[0050] It should be noted that the embodiments of the present utility model and the features in those embodiments can be combined with one another, provided there is no conflict. The present utility model is further explained below with reference to specific embodiments, without this constituting any limitation of the present utility model.

[0051] The utility model is explained below using an example. Example 1 - Nutrient composition

[0052] The present embodiment relates to an animal-derived nutrient composition for supporting kidney health in older pets. Its specific formulation comprises, expressed in mass percent: 20-30% cellulose, 20-30% fat, 2-5% premixed amino acids, 2-7% prebiotics, 2-7% minerals, 1-5% antioxidants, 1-5% vitamin premix, 1-5% trace element premix, and a carrier substance (maltodextrin) as the remainder.

[0053] The cellulose in this product is lignocellulose with a fiber content of ≥ 80%. Based on the mass of the nutrient composition, the total amount of eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) in the fat is at least 6%. The premixed amino acid mixture contains 1-5% taurine, 1-5% glutamine, and 1-5% lysine. The prebiotics contain 1-5% mannogoligosaccharides and 0.5-5% fructooligosaccharides.

[0054] The minerals include sodium and potassium. Based on the mass of the nutrient composition, the sodium salt content is 1-5% and the potassium salt content is 1-5%. Sodium salts include, among others, sodium chloride, while the potassium salts include potassium chloride and potassium citrate.

[0055] The antioxidants include vitamin E and vitamin C. Based on the mass of the nutrient composition, the vitamin E content is 1-2% and the vitamin C content is 0.5-1%. The sources of vitamin E are natural vitamin E and dl-α-tocopherol acetate, while the source of vitamin C is L-ascorbic acid-2-phosphate.

[0056] The vitamin premix includes vitamin A acetate, thiamine nitrate (vitamin B1), riboflavin (vitamin B2), pyridoxine hydrochloride (vitamin B6), cyanocobalamin (vitamin B1) 12 Vitamin D3, D-calcium pantothenate, D-biotin, nicotinamide, folic acid, and their derivatives. The trace element premix includes copper glycinate complex (chelate), iron glycinate complex (chelate), manganese methionine complex (chelate), zinc glycinate, and yeast selenium. Example 2 - Recipe and production of dry food

[0057] The present embodiment relates to a specific recipe for dry food as animal feed and a manufacturing process for it.

[0058] 1. The formulation composition is listed in Table 1. Table 1: Recipe of the dry food (based on dry matter, in percent by weight) Raw material category Raw material designation Salary (%) Functional assignment Protein raw materials Fresh chicken meat and chicken meal 40 High-quality protein source, optimized amino acid profile fishmeal 5 egg powder 5 Yeast hydrolysate 3 Chicken liver hydrolysate / meal 5 Improvement of palatability Fat raw materials Beef tallow 3 High-quality energy source Chicken fat 5 High-quality energy source linseed 1 Supply of Omega-3 fatty acids carbohydrates Sweet potato flour 10 Energy source Cassava flour 7 Energy source potato flour 5 Energy source minerals Calcium carbonate 1 source of calcium Nutrient composition Nutrient composition according to example 1 10 Anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, maintains ion balance, supplies essential trace elements and vitamins Preservatives Rosemary extract, nisin 0.1 Extended shelf life

[0059] 2. The calculated values ​​of the key nutrient indicators are listed in Table 2 (based on 1000 kcal of metabolic energy). Table 2 Main nutrient composition according to the recipe of the dry food (Table 1) indicator Salary Requirements range for pet food Agreement (√ means matching) protein 100 g - - Lysine 8 g / 1000 kcal ≥7 g / 1000 kcal √ Arginine 8 g / 1000 kcal ≥7 g / 1000 kcal √ Methionine 2 g / 1000 kcal 1.5-2.5 g / 1000 kcal √ Total amount of EPA + DHA 1.5 g ≥1.5 g / 1000 kcal √ ratio ω-6 : ω-3 4:1 5:1~3:1 √ phosphorus 1.5 g / 1000 kcal 1-2 g / 1000 kcal √ potassium 2.8 g / 1000 kcal 1.8-3.0 g / 1000 kcal √ sodium 0.8 g / 1000 kcal 0.5-1.0 g / 1000 kcal √ Potential renal acid load (PRAL) -2.7 mEq / 100 g ≤0 √ Vitamin E 150 IU / 1000 kcal ≥100 IU / 1000 kcal √ Vitamin C 45 mg / 1000 kcal 25-50 mg / 1000 kcal √ 3. Manufacturing process:

[0060] (1) Pretreatment of raw materials: High-quality protein sources (chicken meal, fish meal, egg powder, peas) and starchy sweet potato granules are micronized; for vitamin C, a microencapsulation technique is used (wall material: ethylcellulose, VC content in the core material: 40%), then sieved through a 60-mesh sieve and made available for use.

[0061] (2) Mixing: Protein raw materials, carbohydrates, minerals (calcium salts), the nutrient composition from embodiment 1, as well as preservatives (nisin), etc. are mixed proportionally.

[0062] (3) Extrusion / Shaping: The mixture is placed in a conditioner where steam is injected at a rate of 10-20% of the total weight of the material; the conditioning temperature is 85-90 °C, and the conditioning time is 3 minutes. It is then conveyed into a twin-screw extruder at a feed rate of 4527 kg / h, with a water addition of 10-15%, an extrusion temperature of 110-130 °C, a pressure of 0.3-0.5 MPa, and a die hole diameter of 4.5 mm.

[0063] (4) Drying and coating: The extruded granules are conveyed into a three-stage vibrating fluidized bed dryer and dried at a drying temperature of 100-120 °C for 10-20 minutes until the moisture content is 5-8%. Subsequently, chicken fat, beef tallow, and chicken liver hydrolysate are sprayed onto the surface in a vacuum coater. Finally, a mixture of chicken liver meal and temperature-sensitive probiotics is sprayed on.

[0064] (5) Cooling and packaging: After cooling, nitrogen filling packaging is carried out to slow down the oxidation process. Example 3 - Recipe and manufacturing process of wet food

[0065] The present embodiment relates to a specific recipe for wet food (canned food) as animal food and a manufacturing process for it.

[0066] 1. The formulation composition is listed in Table 3. Table 3 Recipe of the canned food (based on wet mass, in weight percent) Raw material category Raw material designation Salary(%) Functional assignment Protein raw materials Chicken meat (boneless) 70 High-quality protein source fish meat 13 Natural source of vitamins Chicken liver 5 High-quality protein source Spray-dried porcine plasma protein powder 5 Promoting gut health and Improvement of palatability Fat raw materials linseed 2 Supply of Omega-3 fatty acids minerals Calcium carbonate 0.5 source of calcium Nutrient composition Nutrient composition according to example 1 2.5 Anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, maintains ion balance, supplies essential trace elements and vitamins Other Taurine 2 Supply of essential amino acids

[0067] 2. The calculated values ​​of the key nutrient indicators are listed in Table 4 (based on 1000 kcal of metabolic energy). Table 4 Nutrient composition according to the wet food recipe (Table 2) indicator Salary Requirements range for pet food Agreement (√ means matching) protein 100 g - - Lysine 8 g / 1000 kcal ≥7 g / 1000 kcal √ Arginine 8 g / 1000 kcal ≥7 g / 1000 kcal √ Methionine 2 g / 1000 kcal 1.5-2.5 g / 1000 kcal √ Total amount of EPA + DHA 1.6 g ≥1.5 g / 1000 kcal √ ratio ω-6 : ω-3 4:1 5:1~3:1 √ phosphorus 1.2 g / 1000 kcal 1-2 g / 1000 kcal √ potassium 2.7 g / 1000 kcal 1.8-3.0 g / 1000 kcal √ sodium 0.9 g / 1000 kcal 0.5-1.0 g / 1000 kcal √ Potential renal acid load (PRAL) -2.5 mEq / 100 g ≤0 √ Vitamin E 160 IU / 1000 kcal ≥100 IU / 1000 kcal √ Vitamin C 40 mg / 1000 kcal 25-50 mg / 1000 kcal √ 3. Manufacturing process:

[0068] (1) Raw material preparation: Chicken meat, fish meat and chicken liver are ground into meat paste (hole diameter 6 mm).

[0069] (2) Treatment in a colloid mill: Meat pulp, spray-dried porcine plasma protein powder, flaxseed and part of the water are mixed and finely dispersed through a colloid mill so that the meat puree becomes fine and uniform.

[0070] (3) Premixing: The nutrient composition according to embodiment 1, guar gum and carrageenan are mixed with a little water to produce a premix paste.

[0071] (4) Mixing and emulsifying: Meat purée, premix paste and fish oil are placed in an emulsifier and mixed and emulsified under vacuum for 10 minutes. The temperature is kept below 40 °C to prevent vitamin loss.

[0072] (5) Filling: The emulsified material is dosed into tinplate cans, either 85 g or 156 g per can, with a 5 mm clearance at the top.

[0073] (6) Vacuum closure: Closure using a vacuum can sealing machine at a vacuum level of -0.08 MPa.

[0074] (7) Sterilization: Sterilization in an autoclave under high pressure, sterilization formula: 121 °C, 30 minutes, counter-pressure cooling.

[0075] (8) Heat storage test: Storage at 37 °C for 7 days, sorting out bulging and leaking cans.

[0076] (9) Packaging: Labelling and cartoning.

[0077] The present utility model can also be used to produce pet food such as food packages, semi-moist food, etc., according to the nutrient composition of embodiment 1. Example 4 - Recipe and manufacturing process of the food supplement (powder)

[0078] The present embodiment relates to a specific formulation for a pet food supplement and its manufacturing process.

[0079] 1. The formulation composition is listed in Table 5. Table 5: Powder formulation (based on dry matter, in weight percent) Raw material category Raw material designation Salary (%) Functional assignment Protein / Amino acids Sheep milk powder 20 Other Nutrient composition according to example 70 1 Carriers and auxiliary materials Maltodextrin Remaining share Thinner, lubricant silicon dioxide 1 Anti-caking agent 2. Manufacturing process

[0080] (1) Raw material pretreatment: All raw materials are sieved through a 60-mesh sieve.

[0081] (2) Premixing: A small amount of maltodextrin is mixed evenly with the nutrient composition (method of stepwise addition of equal amounts).

[0082] (3) Main mixture: The sheep milk powder and the premix product obtained from step 2 are placed in a three-dimensional moving mixer and mixed for 5 minutes.

[0083] (4) Addition of the anti-caking agent: Add silicon dioxide and mix for 5 minutes.

[0084] (5) Testing and filling: The homogeneity of the mixture is tested (coefficient of variation < 3%), then it is filled into 2 g bags or 50 g bottles, filled with nitrogen and tightly sealed. 3. Instructions for use

[0085] (1) Recommended dosage: 2-3 g per 5 kg of body weight per cat daily, mixed with the daily food.

[0086] Depending on the application requirements, the present utility model can be manufactured in powder form or ointment form. Example 5 - Effectiveness verification

[0087] This embodiment relates to a specific verification experiment in which the nutrient composition from embodiment 1 is used as the test subject and the dry food recipe from embodiment 2 is used to verify their effect on chronic kidney disease (CKD) in older cats (usually from 7 years of age).

[0088] 1. Experimental Design: Five comparative formulas, A to E, were developed according to Table 6, with formula A serving as the positive control group. Fifty older cats (age ≥ 7 years) with spontaneously occurring chronic kidney disease (CKD) stage II-III, kept as pets, were selected and randomly assigned to five groups of 10 animals each. The trial lasted six months, during which 40-60 g of food (depending on body weight) was administered daily. At the end of the trial, blood samples were taken from each cat and the following indicators were analyzed: SDMA, creatinine, blood phosphorus, TCO2, MDA, T-AOC, and UPC. The measurement results are presented in Table 7. Table 6: Experimental group design and corresponding formulations used Recipe number Recipe characteristics Purpose Recipe A Dry food recipe according to example 2 Positive control Formula B Removal of the ion balancing module from the nutrient composition (sodium ≥ 0.4%, phosphorus ≥ 1.0%, potassium = 0.6%), otherwise the same composition as the dry food recipe from example 2. Review of the necessity of alkalization Formula C Removal of the antioxidant module from the composition (the added nutrient composition contains no VE + VC), otherwise the same composition as the dry food recipe from Example 2. Verification of the need for antioxidants Formula D Removal of the anti-inflammatory module from the composition (the added nutrient composition does not contain EPA + DHA), otherwise the same composition as the dry food recipe from Example 2. Review of the need for anti-inflammatory treatment Formula E Commercially available kidney formula for older cats (Royal Canin) State-of-the-art inspection Table 7: Test results of the respective test groups indicator Recipe A Formula B Formula C Formula D Formula E SDMA(µg / dL) 12.3±1.4 a 15.8±1.9 a 14.6±1.7 a 16.2±2.0 b 15.5±1.8 a Blood phosphorus (mg / dL) 3.9±0.4 a 4.8±0.6 a 4.5±0.5 a 5.1±0.4 b 4.7±0.5 a TCO2 (mmol / L) 20.3±1.3 a 16.2±1.5 b 19.5±1.4 a 20.0±1.4 a 16.5±1.4 b MDA (µg / dL) 4.2±0.7 a 4.8±1.1 a 6.1±1.0 b 5.5±1.2 a 5.9±0.9 b UPC 0.14±0.05 a 0.27±0.09 b 0.22±0.08 b 0.29±0.10 b 0.26±0.09 b

[0089] Table 7 shows that formulation A is superior to formulations B, C, D, and E in all key indicators. This demonstrates that the synergistic effect of the four modules of a formulation lacking a single module, as well as formulation E, is superior to the state of the art. Formulation B (without the alkalization module) exhibits a significantly lower TCO2 value than formulation A, confirming that the amino acid alkalization module is crucial for correcting metabolic acidosis. Formulation C (without the antioxidant module) shows a significantly higher MDA value and a higher UPC value than formulation A, demonstrating that the VE+VC antioxidant module plays an important role in reducing oxidative and glomerular damage.Formula D (without anti-inflammatory module) has the highest levels of SDMA, blood phosphorus and UPC, suggesting that the Omega-3 anti-inflammatory module is essential for delaying kidney function loss.

[0090] In summary, the nutrient composition proposed in this utility model is processed into pet food such as dry food, wet food, and powder, and is suitable for senior pets (cats, dogs). Furthermore, it has been experimentally demonstrated that the nutrient composition utilizes premixed amino acids as an amino acid balancing module, reduces the relative content of sulfur-containing amino acids, and controls the total potential renal acid load (PRAL) to ≤0, thereby fundamentally improving metabolic acidosis. Strict regulation of the phosphorus content, as well as adjustment of the sodium and potassium levels, maintains normal extracellular fluid balance and cardiac conduction.The addition of fatty acids as an anti-inflammatory module, along with controlled levels of eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA), regulates lipid mediator metabolism and inhibits renal inflammatory responses and fibrosis processes. A specific combination of vitamin C and vitamin E acts as an antioxidant, synergistically eliminating free radicals, protecting renal tubular epithelial cells, and reducing oxidative stress damage. The individual components work synergistically to effectively improve chronic kidney disease in pets.

[0091] The foregoing descriptions merely represent the preferred embodiments of the present utility model and in no way limit the design and scope of protection of the present utility model. It should be evident to a person skilled in the art that all solutions resulting from equivalent substitutions and obvious modifications using the description and drawings of the present utility model fall within the scope of protection of the present utility model. QUOTES INCLUDED IN THE DESCRIPTION

[0000] This list of documents cited by the applicant was automatically generated and is included solely for the reader's convenience. The list is not part of the German patent or utility model application. The DPMA accepts no liability for any errors or omissions. Cited patent literature

[0000] CN 104351476A

[0003] CN 101198259B

[0003]

Claims

Nutrient composition to support kidney health in older pets, characterized by the fact that the nutrient composition in mass percentages comprises: 20-30% cellulose, 20-30% fat, 2-5% premixed amino acids, 2-7% prebiotics, 2-7% minerals, 1-5% antioxidants, 1-5% vitamin premix, 1-5% trace element premix, remainder as carrier substance. Nutrient composition according to claim 1, characterized in that the cellulose is wood cellulose, the dietary fiber content of which is ≥ 80%. Nutrient composition according to claim 1, characterized in that, with reference to the mass percentages of the nutrient composition, the total amount of eicosapentaenoic acid and docosahexaenoic acid in the fat is not less than 6%. Nutrient composition according to claim 1, characterized in that, based on the mass percentages of the nutrient composition, the content of taurine in the premixed amino acids is 1-5%, the content of glutamine is 1-5% and the content of lysine is 1-5%. Nutrient composition according to claim 1, characterized in that, based on the mass percentages of the nutrient composition, the content of mannogoligosaccharides in the prebiotics is 1-5% and the content of fructooligosaccharides is 0.5-5%. Nutrient composition according to claim 1, characterized in that the minerals comprise sodium and potassium; wherein, based on the mass percentages of the nutrient composition, the content of sodium salts is 1-5% and the content of potassium salts is 1-5%. Nutrient composition according to claim 1, characterized in that the antioxidants comprise vitamin E and vitamin C; wherein, based on the mass percentages of the nutrient composition, the content of vitamin E is 1-2% and the content of vitamin C is 0.5-1%. Nutrient composition according to claim 1, characterized in that the vitamin premix comprises vitamin A acetate, vitamin B1, vitamin B2, vitamin B6, vitamin B12, vitamin D3, D-calcium pantothenate, D-biotin, nicotinamide, folic acid or their derivatives; and / or the trace elements copper, iron, manganese, zinc and selenium. Pet food characterized in that the active ingredient of the pet food comprises the nutrient composition according to any one of claims 1 to 8, wherein the pet food comprises dry food, wet food, semi-moist food and food supplements. Pet food according to claim 9, characterized in that the pet food further comprises at least one of probiotics and herbal medicinal extracts; wherein, based on the mass percentages, the content of natural steroidal sarsaponin (from yucca) in the herbal medicinal extracts is 0.5-3%.