System for real-time fault detection and localization in high-voltage electrical transmission networks

Abstract

A system for real-time fault detection and isolation in a high-voltage transmission network, the system comprising: a plurality of input terminals configured to be connected to instrument transformers associated with at least one transmission line to receive analog voltage signals and analog current signals corresponding to multiple phases of the transmission line; a signal conditioning unit electrically connected to the plurality of input terminals, the signal conditioning unit comprising an isolation arrangement, a programmable gain arrangement, and an anti-aliasing filter arrangement configured to produce conditioned analog signals;a multi-channel analog-to-digital converter unit that is operationally coupled with the signal conditioning unit and configured to simultaneously sample the processed analog signals at a predetermined sampling rate to generate digitized electrical parameter data; a time synchronization unit configured to assign precise timestamps to the digitized electrical parameter data based on a reference time source;a processing unit operationally coupled with the analog-to-digital converter unit and the time synchronization unit, wherein the processing unit is configured to execute instructions for detecting abnormal electrical states by performing signal preprocessing, extracting characteristic features from the digitized electrical parameter data, comparing the extracted features with predefined operating criteria, classifying a detected fault state based on the extracted features, and determining a fault location along the transmission line; and an isolation control unit operationally coupled with the processing unit, configured to generate control signals for actuating at least one switching device to isolate a faulty section of the transmission network in response to the detected fault state.

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