COMPONENT, METHOD FOR JOINING WOOD ELEMENTS, COMPUTER PROGRAM

Description

[0001] The invention relates to a connection of wood. State of the art

[0002] Wood exhibits different properties depending on the orientation of its fibers. In the main fiber orientation, wood is very strong in both compression and tension and can withstand very high forces because the individual fibers form bundles. However, even small forces acting perpendicular to the main fiber orientation are sufficient to damage the wood. Therefore, by taking the grain direction of the wood into account, very stable structures can be created.

[0003] However, wooden structures have natural limitations, namely the height of the tree along the grain and the thickness of the tree perpendicular to the main grain direction. Therefore, a number of joints for wooden elements exist to overcome these limitations.

[0004] One known method involves gluing a first wooden element to a second wooden element in such a way that the main grain direction in the first and second wooden elements lies in parallel planes. Wooden components consisting of at least two such glued wooden elements are called glulam, cross-laminated timber, or plywood. The wooden elements are generally glued under pressure. Thus, rods, e.g., beams, are formed from parallel layers of wood, e.g., boards, glued together, with the main grain direction of each layer running parallel to the others. This allows a wooden rod or beam to withstand correspondingly high tensile and compressive forces in the direction of the main grain of the boards or rod. Similarly, panels are often formed from a multitude of parallel layers of wood glued together, with the main grain direction of adjacent wood layers lying in parallel planes and at right angles to each other.Thus, high tensile and compressive strength is achieved in both directions of the fibers of the wood layers, since fiber bundles are formed in two orthogonal directions.

[0005] For end-to-end connections of wooden elements, a full-surface adhesive bond like that used with plywood is no longer employed, as this type of connection only carries a fraction of the wood's tensile forces along the grain and is therefore unsuitable for load-bearing applications. Finger-joint connections are typically used instead. This increases the bonding surface and creates an adhesive surface almost parallel to the wood grain. The shape of the finger joints, the adhesive, and the bonding process are subject to strict standards. Due to these stringent standards, it is not possible to create such connections on-site. Furthermore, the size of components is limited due to transport constraints. Therefore, end-to-end connections in timber construction cannot be achieved using adhesive bonding due to these limitations on-site and during transport.Furthermore, even this finger joint does not meet the requirements for parts that must withstand high tensile and compressive forces. Another disadvantage of finger joints or other overlapping joints is that the overlap often makes it difficult to thread large parts into the desired position.

[0006] Therefore, for end-face connections in load-bearing timber construction, only connections with fasteners such as metal screws or other additional metal fixings are used, which can transfer the high compressive and tensile forces from one timber element to the second timber element being joined. However, these components are very expensive to purchase, complex to install, visually intrusive, structurally restrictive, and sometimes difficult to obtain approvals for, e.g., in fire protection. Additionally, these metal elements have the disadvantage that they must be inserted into both timber elements being joined, potentially creating new weak points in the wood.

[0007] EP039356 discloses a production method for obtaining wood panels with uniformly thick colored adhesive strips. For this purpose, panels are provided with evenly spaced grooves on their upper surface, which are filled with colored adhesive, and then glued to the next panel. Two-colored panels are achieved by vertically sawing the stack along the grooves. Several adjacent wood components can also be glued together within the same plane of the stack. However, this document does not provide a solution for end-to-end joining of two wood elements, as it does not illustrate such a joint.

[0008] FR786001 shows a spaced-off gluing of wooden structural elements. However, this document does not provide a solution for end-to-end joining of two wooden elements, as it does not show an end-to-end joint between two wooden elements.

[0009] DE8215265U1 describes a mitered, folded, and fiber-parallel bonded wood-based material element. The inner edge of the miter joint has a recess that allows for the formation of a bead of cured adhesive. However, this document does not provide a solution for end-to-end joining of two wood elements, as it does not illustrate such a joint.

[0010] WO2007 / 048149A1 concerns a multi-layered building panel that can be used as a support element. The panel has two parallel face layers and an intermediate core layer. The core layer has at least a single layer of diagonal fibers. However, end-face connections are not described here. Description of the invention

[0011] The aim of the invention is to create a component made of two end-to-end connected wooden elements, a method for this connection, and a computer program for simulating the load-bearing capacity of such components, overcoming the disadvantages of the prior art.

[0012] According to the invention, this objective is achieved by a component according to the independent claim. The component comprises a first wooden element with at least one first principal fiber direction and a second wooden element with at least one second principal fiber direction. The first wooden element is bonded at a first side intersecting the first principal fiber direction to a first side of the second wooden element intersecting the second principal fiber direction.

[0013] According to the invention, this objective is achieved by a method according to the independent claim. The method for joining a first wooden element to a second wooden element comprises the following steps: Arranging the first wooden element with a first side facing a first side of the second wooden element; bonding the first side of the first wooden element to the first side of the second wooden element; and curing the adhesive.

[0014] According to the invention, this objective is achieved by a computer program according to the independent claim.

[0015] The invention has the advantage that, by bonding the first wooden element to the second wooden element at its end face, the forces in the first and second main fiber directions are transferred from the fibers of the first wooden element to the fibers of the second wooden element. More precisely, the force transmitted via the fibers is introduced into the adhesive layer. The adhesive layer then conducts the introduced force to the adjacent wooden element. Thus, a component is created by joining two wooden elements, which can be used as a load-bearing component. This now enables the cost-effective production of wooden components of any size. The size of the wooden components that can be produced in this way is no longer limited by the growth size of the wooden elements or by the maximum transportable size. The joining method is so simple and so resistant to external influences such as, for example,The inventive technique eliminates the need for moisture or temperature to allow for such a connection on-site at the construction site. Furthermore, this type of connection does not damage any of the wooden elements through the insertion of steel components. The inventive technique also avoids any increase in the component's size or any visual alteration of the component caused by an externally attached fastener.

[0016] Further advantageous embodiments are specified in the dependent claims.

[0017] In one embodiment, the first wooden element and the second wooden element are arranged such that there is a gap between the first side of the first wooden element and the first side of the second wooden element, which is filled with adhesive. This allows for simple bonding that does not require clamping.

[0018] In one embodiment, the distance is suitable for filling the gap between the two wooden elements with adhesive.

[0019] In one embodiment, the distance is greater than 0.3 mm.

[0020] In one embodiment, the adhesive bond between the first and second wooden elements forms a load-bearing connection between them. Load-bearing connections are defined as those used as structural elements in timber construction. Preferably, such a load-bearing connection in timber construction withstands a tensile force of at least 1 Newton per square millimeter. Even better is a load-bearing connection withstanding tensile forces of more than 3 Newtons per square millimeter, 5 Newtons per square millimeter, or 10 Newtons per square millimeter. Connections according to the invention have been measured that withstood tensile forces of up to 20 Newtons per square millimeter.

[0021] In one embodiment, the first principal fiber direction forms an angle between 0° and 45° with the second principal fiber direction. This allows forces to be effectively guided around the curve.

[0022] In one embodiment, the first principal fiber direction is arranged parallel to the second principal fiber direction.

[0023] In one embodiment, the first wooden element does not overlap the second wooden element on the first side in the first main fiber direction.

[0024] In one embodiment, the first wooden element has at least one region on its first side with the first principal fiber direction and at least one region with a third principal fiber direction, and the second wooden element has at least one region on its first side with the second principal fiber direction and at least one region with a fourth principal fiber direction, wherein the region of the first wooden element with the first principal fiber direction is bonded to the region of the second wooden element with the second principal fiber direction. Thus, forces can be transmitted in the component along each principal fiber direction of the two wooden elements. By bonding the region with the first principal fiber direction to the region with the second principal fiber direction, the forces are transferred from the fibers of the region with the first principal fiber direction to the fibers of the region with the second principal fiber direction.

[0025] In one embodiment, the region of the first wooden element with the third principal fiber direction is bonded to the region of the second wooden element with the fourth principal fiber direction. By bonding the region with the third principal fiber direction to the region with the fourth principal fiber direction, the forces are transferred from the fibers of the region with the third principal fiber direction to the fibers of the region with the fourth principal fiber direction.

[0026] In one embodiment, the first wood element has alternating layers of a first wood layer and a second wood layer, wherein the first wood layer corresponds to the area with the first principal grain direction on the first side, and the second wood layer corresponds to the area with the third principal grain direction on the first side. In another embodiment, the second wood element has alternating layers of a first wood layer and a second wood layer, wherein the first wood layer corresponds to the area with the second principal grain direction on the first side, and the second wood layer corresponds to the area with the fourth principal grain direction on the first side. Bonding such layered veneer or cross-laminated timber panels can result in very large panels that can transmit forces in both grain orientations, even across the bonded joints.By bonding fibers that are aligned in the same direction, the forces in each layer are transferred across the bonded joints.

[0027] In one embodiment, the first principal fiber direction is arranged perpendicular to the third principal fiber direction, and / or the second principal fiber direction is arranged perpendicular to the fourth principal fiber direction. This arrangement has the advantage that the two directions of force transmission are orthogonal, thus achieving optimal force transmission in the plane.

[0028] In one embodiment, the area with the first principal fiber direction is formed parallel to the area with the third principal fiber direction, and / or the area with the second principal fiber direction is formed parallel to the area with the fourth principal fiber direction.

[0029] In one embodiment, the first wooden element is a grid box, and / or the second wooden element is a grid box.

[0030] In one embodiment, the first side of the first wooden element is sanded or filled, and / or the first side of the second wooden element is sanded or filled. This has the advantage that the surface to be bonded is smooth before gluing. This reduces the likelihood of bubbles forming. Bubbles reduce the bonded area and thus the quality of the joint. Therefore, sanding or filling the first side(s) increases the quality of the joint.

[0031] In one embodiment, the gap between the wooden elements forms one of the following shapes: a flat surface, a concave shape, a concave triangular or polygonal shape, a flat surface oriented at right angles to the first and / or second principal grain direction, or a flat surface forming a non-orthogonal angle to the first and / or second principal grain direction. Such shapes can cause the cured adhesive to wedge itself in the gap in addition to its adhesive effect.

[0032] In one embodiment, the first side of the first wooden element and the first side of the second wooden element form a concave shape, and a spring is arranged in the cavity formed by the first sides of the first and second wooden elements. The spring allows the amount of adhesive required to be reduced. If the spring's strength is greater than that of the adhesive, the bond strength increases.

[0033] In one embodiment, before filling the gap / gap with adhesive, the open sides of the gap between the first side of the first wooden element and the first side of the second wooden element are sealed.

[0034] In one embodiment, all open sides of the gap are sealed, and the adhesive is poured in through a hole in the seal. Preferably, there is another hole through which the displaced air can escape from the gap. Preferably, the hole in the seal is located at the highest point so that air can escape until the very end. Preferably, the adhesive is poured in under pressure. In one example, the hole is located on the underside of the seal.

[0035] In one embodiment, the sealing is achieved using filler.

[0036] In one embodiment, the adhesive has two components which are mixed before or during filling into the space.

[0037] In one embodiment, the volume enclosed between the first and second wooden elements is calculated, the volume of the injected adhesive is measured, the calculated volume is compared with the measured volume, and a statement about the quality of the joint is made based on this comparison. This process allows for a very simple and effective quality control of the joint.

[0038] In one embodiment, the volume enclosed between the first and second wooden elements is subdivided into mutually sealed subvolumes. The volume enclosed between the first and second wooden elements of a first subvolume is calculated, the volume of adhesive poured into the first subvolume is measured, the calculated volume is compared with the measured volume, and a statement about the quality of the bond in the first subvolume is made based on this comparison. This additional subdivision of the sections allows for precise localization of weak points in large surfaces to be bonded. Brief description of the characters

[0039] The invention is explained in more detail with reference to the accompanying figures, which show Fig. 1 a first embodiment of a component; Fig. 2 the first embodiment of a component; Fig. 3a second embodiment of a component; Fig. 4 a third embodiment of a component; Fig. 5 an embodiment of a wooden element of the component of the third embodiment; Fig. 5A a section through the component of the third embodiment; Fig. 6 a fourth embodiment of a component; Fig. 6A another embodiment of a component; Fig. 7 a fifth embodiment of a component; Fig. 8 a section through the fifth embodiment of a component; Fig. 9 a sixth embodiment of a component; Fig. 10 a seventh embodiment of a component; Fig. 11A an eighth embodiment of a component; Fig. 11B a ninth embodiment of a component; Fig. 11C a tenth embodiment of a component; Fig. 11D an eleventh embodiment of a component; Fig. 11E a twelfth embodiment of a component; Fig. 12 an embodiment of a method for gluing two wooden elements together; and Fig. 13 An exemplary embodiment of a method for quality assurance of the bonding of two wooden elements. Ways to implement the invention

[0040] Fig. 1 Figure 1 shows a first embodiment of a component 100. The component 100 has a first wooden element 110 and a second wooden element 120.

[0041] The first wooden element 110 has a first side (not shown) facing the second wooden element 120, a second side 112 perpendicular to the first and a third side, and a third side 113 perpendicular to the first and second sides. A fourth side (not shown) is arranged parallel to the second side 112 on the side of the wooden element 110 opposite the second side 112. A fifth side (not shown) is arranged parallel to the third side 113 on the side of the wooden element 110 opposite the third side 113. Thus, the wooden element 110 forms a cuboid. However, the invention is not limited to cuboid-shaped wooden elements; any geometric or non-geometric shape with a first side for bonding to the second wooden element is suitable as a first wooden element. The first wooden element 110 has fibers 115 which are arranged in Figure 1The fibers 115 in the wooden element 110 are stylized and depicted as tubes. The fibers 115 point in the main fiber direction 114, which is parallel to the second side 112 and the third side 113 and orthogonal to the first side. The main fiber direction 114 is preferably perpendicular to the first side, which is formed here as a flat surface, while the orientation of the main fiber direction 114 to the other sides is irrelevant to the invention. However, other angles between the main fiber direction 114 and the first side are also possible.

[0042] The second wooden element 120 has a first side 121, a second side 122, a third side 123, and a main grain direction 124. In component 100, the second wooden element 120 is identical, at least in its basic structure, to the first wooden element 110 already described, so a further description is avoided.

[0043] In component 100, the first wooden element 110 and the second wooden element 120 are arranged such that the first side of the first wooden element 110 is parallel to the first side 121 of the second wooden element 120. In component 100, the first side of the first wooden element 110 is the same size as the first side 121 of the second wooden element 120, and the first wooden element 110 and the second wooden element 120 are arranged such that the first wooden element 110 is flush with the second wooden element 120, i.e., that the first side of the first wooden element 110 does not project beyond the first side 121 of the second wooden element 120. However, the invention is not limited to such flush connections.

[0044] The first wooden element 110 is positioned relative to the second wooden element 120 such that a gap exists between the first side of the first wooden element 110 and the first side 121 of the second wooden element 120. This gap should be large enough to allow the adhesive to be injected into the space formed by this gap. The gap must be large enough for the adhesive to spread and fill the entire volume of the gap before it begins to harden. There is no upper limit to the size of this gap. Studies of adhesive bonds with varying gaps have shown that the force per unit area of ​​the bond between the first wooden element 110 and the second wooden element 120 does not depend on the size of the gap, provided the gap is filled with adhesive.This means, firstly, that there is no upper limit to the size of the gap. Furthermore, it is not relevant to the adhesive bond of the invention that the first side of the first wooden element 110 and the first side 121 of the second wooden element 120 are parallel. In an alternative component, the two first sides could also be arranged at an angle, so that the distance between the two first sides increases in one direction and the first wooden element 110 forms an angle with the second wooden element 120. Tests up to 45° between the first principal grain direction 114 and the second principal grain direction 124 showed satisfactory results. Unlike prior art wood adhesive bonds, in the invention the adhesive is injected, whereas in the prior art the bond is achieved by pressing the two wooden elements together. Such press-fit connections must not have gaps greater than 0.3 mm.However, it is advantageous for the invention if the distance between the first wooden element 110 and the second wooden element 120 is greater than 0.3 mm. Particularly at cold temperatures, it is advantageous if the distance is greater, preferably greater than 1 mm, even better greater than 3 or 5 mm.

[0045] Fig. 2 Figure 100 also shows component 100 of the first embodiment. The fibers 115 are in Fig. 2 It's no longer shown, but it's still there. In Fig. 2 The gap 130 is now filled with adhesive 140, creating a load-bearing connection between the first wooden element 110 and the second wooden element 120. To glue the first wooden element 110 to the second wooden element 120, the following are used: Fig. 1The open sides of the gap 130 shown are sealed. This is achieved, for example, by filling the open sides with filler. The adhesive is then poured into the gap through a small opening in the filler. The adhesive can also be pressed into the gap 130 under slight pressure, so that areas of the gap 130 located above the opening, possibly in the direction of gravity, can also be filled with adhesive. A two-component adhesive is preferably used, the two components of which are mixed when poured into the gap 130. The adhesive begins to harden as the two components mix. After the adhesive has hardened, a load-bearing connection exists between the first wooden element 110 and the second wooden element 120. For example, the adhesive PURBOND CR 421 from the Swiss company Purbond was tested.This two-component polyurethane casting resin is approved by the German Institute for Building Technology (DIBt) under approval number Z-9.1-707 for bonding steel rods into load-bearing timber components. Using this adhesive, a bond between the first timber element (110) and the second timber element (120) with tensile strengths of up to 20 Newtons per square millimeter (N / mm²) was measured.

[0046] In a modification of component 100, the first side of the first wooden element 110 and the first side of the second wooden element 120 were sanded before gluing, so that the surfaces to be bonded are smooth. This prevents bubble formation in the adhesive and increases the bonded area, thus achieving a higher load-bearing capacity of the joint. Alternatively, bubble formation can also be prevented by filling the surfaces to be bonded with filler. Such a modification is suitable not only for component 100, but also for the embodiments of the component described below and embodiments of the invention not described here.

[0047] Fig. 3Figure 200 shows a rod 200 as a second embodiment of a component. The rod 200 has eight wooden elements 201, 202, 203, 204, 205, 206, 207, 208. Each wooden element has a main grain direction 220. Each wooden element is preferably designed as a cuboid. In this example, the longest side of the cuboid is formed in the direction of the main grain direction 220. The wooden elements 202 to 207 arranged in the middle are each joined at their ends in the main grain direction 220 with an adhesive bond 211 to 217, as shown in Figure 200. Figs. 1 and 2As described, each wooden element 201 to 208 is connected to its adjacent counterpart. Thus, the connection according to the invention allows the creation of a rod of any length whose main fiber direction runs longitudinally along the rod. The bonding at the ends of each wooden element 201 to 208 transfers the force of the fibers to the fibers of the adjacent wooden elements. At the same time, the individual wooden elements 201 to 208 do not need to be weakened by inserting an iron element, nor does their circumference need to be increased by external connecting elements. The bonding process is simple and can also be carried out on-site at the construction site. Therefore, the wooden elements 201 to 208 can be transported to the construction site in a manageable size and glued together there to form the rod of the desired length. The bonding has also shown very good load-bearing capacity even after curing at -10°C, so this bonding process would even be possible in winter.

[0048] The wooden elements 110 and 120 made of Figs. 1 and 2 and the wooden elements 201 to 208 made of Fig. 3 Each element has a main grain direction. The wood elements 110, 120, 201 to 208 can be made of single pieces of wood, e.g., solid wood or laminated timber, or as veneer, cross-laminated timber, or oriented strand board (OSB). Within the veneer or OSB, wooden beams or boards can be glued parallel to their main grain direction, together forming a wood element 110, 120, 201 to 208.

[0049] Fig. 4 Figure 3 shows a third embodiment of a component 300. The component 300 comprises a first wooden element 310 and a second wooden element 320. The first wooden element 310 is bonded to a first side of the second wooden element 320 with an adhesive layer 330, as shown in Figure 3. Figs. 1 and 2 described in connection with component 100.

[0050] In this embodiment, the first wooden element 310 has a plurality of first wooden layers 311 and a plurality of second wooden layers 312, wherein an adjacent wooden layer of a first wooden layer 311 is a second wooden layer 312 and vice versa, so that the first wooden layer and the second wooden layer 312 alternate in the wooden element 310. Fig. 5Figure 1 shows an example of four layers of the first wood element 310. The first wood layer 311 has a first principal fiber direction 313, and the second wood layer 312 has a third principal fiber direction 314, which is preferably perpendicular to the first principal fiber direction 313. Both principal fiber directions 313 and 314 are arranged in the plane of the layers. The first principal fiber direction 313 or the third principal fiber direction 314 is preferably arranged perpendicular to the first side of the first wood element 310. Alternatively, the first principal fiber direction 313 or the third principal fiber direction 314 can also be arranged at another angle between 90° and 45° to the first side of the first wood element 310.

[0051] Fig. 5AFigure 1 shows a section through component 300, positioned perpendicular to the glued gap 330. The second wood element 320 also comprises a plurality of first wood layers 321 and a plurality of second wood layers 322, wherein an adjacent layer of a first wood layer 321 is a second wood layer 322 and vice versa, so that the first wood layer 321 and the second wood layer 322 alternate in the second wood element 320. The first wood layer 321 has a second principal grain direction 323, and the second wood layer 322 has a fourth principal grain direction, which is perpendicular to the second principal grain direction 323. Both principal grain directions of the second wood element 320 are arranged in the plane of the layers. The second principal grain direction 323 or the fourth principal grain direction is preferably arranged perpendicular to the first side of the second wood element 320.Alternatively, the second principal fiber direction 313 or the fourth principal fiber direction 314 can also be arranged at an angle between 90° and 45° to the first side of the first wood element 320.

[0052] The first wooden element 310 and the second wooden element 320 are preferably arranged such that the first layers 311 of the first wooden element 310 are bonded to the first layers 321 of the second wooden element 320, and the second layers 312 of the first wooden element 310 are bonded to the second layers 322 of the second wooden element 320. This means that the projection of a first layer 311 of the first wooden element 310 in the plane of the layer intersects a first layer 321 of the second wooden element 320. The same applies to the second layers 312 and 322. The first principal fiber direction 313 and the second principal fiber direction 323 are preferably parallel, and the third principal fiber direction 314 and the fourth principal fiber direction are also preferably parallel.Thus, the main fiber direction is maintained in each layer across adjacent wood elements 310 and 320, and tensile and compressive forces are optimally transferred in the fiber direction across these adjacent wood elements. Due to the perpendicular arrangement of the main fiber directions in adjacent wood layers, each wood element 310 and 320 can transmit forces in two orthogonal directions. By continuing the fiber directions in each layer across the adhesive layer 330 into the adjacent wood element 310 and 320, the component 300 can withstand forces in two orthogonal directions across its entire surface, despite the adhesive bond.

[0053] Fig. 6This now shows the possibility of forming plates of any size as a fourth embodiment of a component 400, which can transmit forces in two orthogonal directions. Each wooden element 401, 402, 403, 404, 405, 406 ... has a layered structure like the wooden elements 310 and 320. Each wooden element 401, 402, 403, 404, 405, 406 ... has an alternating first layer and a second layer. In the first layer, there is a first principal fiber direction 411, which is arranged perpendicular to a second principal fiber direction 412 in the second layer. The first layers of a wooden element 401, 402, 403, 404, 405, 406 ... are bonded to the corresponding first layers of the adjacent wooden elements, and the second layers are bonded to the second layers accordingly. This results in forces being transferred in the direction of the first main fiber direction 411 across the wood elements 401, 402, 403, 404, 405, 406 ... in each first layer.Simultaneously, forces in the second layers are transferred in the direction of the second principal fiber direction 412 across the wood elements 401, 402, 403, 404, 405, 406 ... . Thus, a panel 400 of any size can be produced that can effectively transfer forces in two orthogonal directions 411 and 412.

[0054] Fig. 6AFigure 450 shows a further embodiment of component 450. Like component 400, component 450 forms a plate capable of transmitting forces in two orthogonal directions. Each wooden element 451, 452, 453, 454, 455, 456, etc., has a layered structure similar to wooden elements 310 and 320. Each wooden element 451, 452, 453, 454, 455, 456, etc., has an alternating first layer and a second layer. The first layer has a first principal fiber direction 471, which is arranged perpendicular to a second principal fiber direction 472 in the second layer. The first layers of a wooden element 451, 452, 453, 454, 455, 456, etc., are bonded to the corresponding first layers of the adjacent wooden elements, and the second layers are bonded to the second layers. This results in forces being transferred in the direction of the first main fiber direction 471 across the wood elements 451, 452, 453, 454, 455, 456 ... in each first layer.Simultaneously, forces in the second layers are transferred in the direction of the second principal fiber direction 472 across the wooden elements 451, 452, 453, 454, 455, 456 ... . Thus, a panel 450 of any size can be produced that can effectively transfer forces in two orthogonal directions 471 and 472.

[0055] Component 450 is particularly well-suited as a floor slab. The timber elements 451, 452, 453, 454, designated as column heads, and the unnumbered timber elements with the recess each rest on a column. Between two column heads is a timber element 455, 456, 457, 458, etc., which is designated as the first secondary support structure. Between two timber elements 455, 456, 457, 458, etc. of the first secondary support structure is the second secondary support structure. The second secondary support structure, located between four timber elements 455, 456, 457, 458, etc. of the first secondary support structure, comprises two timber elements 459 and 460. Since the forces are transferred from the second secondary structure to the first secondary structure, from the first secondary structure to the column heads and from there to the columns, the column heads are subjected to higher forces than the first secondary structure and the first secondary structure is subjected to higher forces than the second secondary structure.Therefore, it can be advantageous to use different types of wood with different maximum loads for column heads, first secondary support structure and second secondary support structure.

[0056] Because the first layer of each wood element 451, 452, 453, 454, 455, 456, 457, 458, 459, 460, ... of component 450 always has the first principal fiber direction 471 and the second layer of each wood element 451, 452, 453, 454, 455, 456, 457, 458, 459, 460, ... of component 450 always has the second principal fiber direction 472, the forces of each layer are transferred via the adhesive connections of the adjacent wood elements 451, 452, 453, 454, 455, 456, 457, 458, 459, 460, ... across the entire panel. This creates a component that has a similar stability to solid wood, which has fibers in two directions and forms a panel of any size.

[0057] Fig. 7 and Fig. 8show a fifth embodiment of a component 500 comprising a first wooden element 510, a second wooden element 520, a third wooden element 540 and a fourth wooden element 550. Fig. 7 shows a three-dimensional view of component 500. Fig. 8 Figure 1 shows a cross-section through the two wooden elements 510 and 520 in component 500. In contrast to the first to fourth embodiments, the first wooden element 510 and the second wooden element 520 are not constructed identically.

[0058] The first wood element 510 has a layered structure with alternating first wood layers 511 and second wood layers 512 with orthogonal first principal fiber directions 515 and third principal fiber directions like the wood elements 310, 320, 401, 402, 403, ...

[0059] The second wooden element 520 has a box-shaped structure. This second wooden element 520 features first crossbeams 521 and second crossbeams 522, which are arranged at right angles to the first crossbeams 521. The first crossbeams 521 and the second crossbeams 522 are also referred to as transverse bulkheads. This creates a stable and lightweight box structure, also called a gridbox. The gridbox is covered on one side by a second layer of wood 523, which is in Fig. 7 not shown, but in Fig. 8 The second wood layer 523 exhibits a fourth principal grain direction into the image plane. Fig. 8on and thus parallel to the adhesive layer 530 between the first and second wood elements 510 and 520. Further wood layers can be arranged on the second wood layer 523, with each adjacent wood layer having a main fiber direction orthogonal in the layer plane. In component 500, a first wood layer 524 is arranged on the second wood layer 523, which has a second main fiber direction 525 that is perpendicular to the adhesive layer 530. The grid box is covered on one underside by another first wood layer 526, which is in Fig. 7 not shown, but in Fig. 8The first wood layer 526 has the second principal grain direction 525, which is parallel to the first principal grain direction 515 and perpendicular to the third and fourth principal grain directions. Further wood layers can be arranged on top of the first wood layer 526, with each adjacent wood layer having an orthogonal principal grain direction. In component 500, a further second wood layer 527 is arranged on top of the further first wood layer 526, which has the fourth principal grain direction. The first cross braces 521 have the second principal grain direction 525. The second cross braces 522 have the fourth principal grain direction.

[0060] The box structure of the second wooden element 520 has the advantage that the wooden element 520 is more material-efficient and lighter. Such a wooden element 520 is particularly advantageous when a lower force needs to be transmitted. The forces on the wooden element 520 are transmitted through the first cross braces 521 and through the first layers of wood 524 and 526 in the first main grain direction and transferred to the first wooden element 510 in the area of ​​the first layers 511 of the first wooden element 510. Simultaneously, forces in the second main grain direction are transmitted via the second layers of wood 523 and 526 to the second layers of wood of an adjacent wooden element 540. The adjacent wooden element 540 is constructed like the second wooden element 520. Thus, in this embodiment, forces can be transmitted in two orthogonal directions.In this embodiment, the main fiber structure of the second crossbars 522 is interrupted, since the second crossbars are not directly glued to the second crossbars 522 of the adjacent wooden element 540.

[0061] In component 500, there are areas on the first side of the first wooden element 510 with the first main grain direction 515 that are bonded to areas on the first side of the second wooden element 520 with the second main grain direction 525. This includes, for example, the first layers 511 of the first wooden element 510 that are bonded to the first layers 524 and 526 of the second wooden element 520. It also includes the area of ​​the first wood layers 511 of the first wooden element 510 that are bonded to the ends of the first cross braces 521. In component 500, there are areas on the first side of the first wooden element 510 with the third main grain direction that are bonded to areas on the first side of the second wooden element 520 with the fourth main grain direction. This includes, for example, the second layers 512 of the first wooden element 510, which are glued to second layers 523 and 527 of the second wooden element 520.This also includes the area of ​​the second wood layers 512 of the first wood element 510, which are glued to the sides of the second cross members 522. Due to the different structure, there are also areas of the first side of the first wood element 510 with the first main grain direction 515, which are glued to areas of the first side of the second wood element 520 with the fourth main grain direction. This includes the area of ​​the first wood layers 511 of the first wood element 510, which are glued to the sides of the second cross members 522. No force is transmitted via these glued areas with main grain directions arranged at right angles to each other. Finally, due to the different structure, there are also areas of the first side of the first wood element 510 with the third main grain direction, which are glued to areas of the first side of the second wood element 520 with the second main grain direction 525.This includes the area of ​​the second wood layers 512 of the first wood element 510, which are glued to the ends of the first cross struts 521. No force is transmitted via these glued areas with main fiber areas arranged at right angles to each other.

[0062] The third wooden element 540 and the fourth wooden element 550 are constructed like the second wooden element 520. The fourth wooden element 550 is glued to the first wooden element 510 in the same way as the second wooden element. The third wooden element 540 is glued to the second wooden element 520 and the fourth wooden element 550.

[0063] Differently constructed wooden elements 510 and 520, 540, 550 make sense in situations such as in Fig. 7The diagram shows a configuration in which the forces of several wooden elements 520, 540, 550 must be transferred via a wooden element 510, e.g., to a beam located beneath the wooden element 510. Therefore, the wooden elements 520, 540, and 550 must transmit less force than the first wooden element 510. For this reason, the first wooden element 510 is implemented as solid plywood, while the subsequent wooden elements 520, 540, and 550 are implemented as grid boxes.

[0064] Fig. 9 Figure 6 shows a sixth embodiment of a component 600. The component 600 has a first wooden element 610 and a second wooden element 620.

[0065] The first wooden element 610 has a first, non-visible side, a second side 612, and a third side 613. The second and third sides 612 and 613 are arranged at right angles to each other, and a first principal grain direction in the first wooden element 610 is parallel to the second and third sides 612 and 613. The first side of the first wooden element has a non-orthogonal angle with at least one of the second side 612 and the third side 613. In this component 600, the first side is at right angles to the second side 612 and has a non-orthogonal angle with the third side 613. Thus, the angle between the first and third sides corresponds to the angle between the first side and the first principal grain direction.

[0066] The second wooden element 620 has a first, non-visible side, a second side 622, and a third, also non-visible, side. The second and third sides 622 are arranged at right angles to each other, and a second principal grain direction in the second wooden element 620 is arranged parallel to the second and third sides 612 and 613. The first side of the second wooden element 620 has a non-orthogonal angle with at least one of the second sides 612 and the third side 613. In this component 600, the first side is at right angles to the second side 622 and has a non-orthogonal angle with the third side. In this embodiment, the angle is formed as in the first wooden element 610. Thus, the angle between the first and third sides corresponds to the angle between the first side and the second principal grain direction.

[0067] The first sides of the first wooden element 610 and the second wooden element 620 are as described in connection with Figs. 1 and 2 and glued together with component 100 as explained. Thus, the forces are transmitted across an angle. Preferably, the angle between the first principal fiber direction and the second principal fiber direction should not exceed 45°.

[0068] Fig. 10 Figure 7 shows a seventh embodiment of a component 700. The component has a first wooden element 710 and a second wooden element 720.

[0069] The first wooden element 710 has a first side facing the second wooden element, a second side 712, a third side 713, a fourth side opposite the second side 712, a fifth side opposite the third side 713, and a sixth side opposite the first side. The second and fourth sides are curved with the same curvature but with different radii. Preferably, the curvature is circular or parabolic, such that the second and fourth sides each form an angular segment of a cylindrical surface. The third and fifth sides are parallel. The first wooden element 710 has a first principal grain direction that is parallel to the second and third sides. That is, the first principal grain direction is also curved and follows the second and fourth sides. The principal grain direction intersects the first and sixth sides at right angles.

[0070] The second wooden element 720 is constructed identically to the first wooden element 710, so that the second main fiber direction of the second wooden element 720, which is also curved, also intersects the first side facing the first wooden element 710 at a right angle.

[0071] The first wooden element 710 is glued to the first side of the second wooden element 720, as described in connection with component 100.

[0072] This means that hollow cylinders of any size can be produced from wood using the inventive technique, which transmit force in the circumferential, longitudinal, and torsional directions. By arranging such hollow cylinders in series, tubes or hollow wooden supports could be produced. It would also be conceivable to produce the first wooden element 710 and the second wooden element from board or plywood. In the first wooden element 710, first layers could consist of a primary grain direction, and adjacent second layers could have a third primary grain direction that runs perpendicular to the first primary grain direction and parallel to the layer plane. In the wooden element 710, the layer plane could be curved and arranged parallel to the second side 712. Thus, when implemented as tubes, force transmission in the circumferential and longitudinal directions could be achieved.

[0073] Figs. 11A to F show different shapes of the glue-filled gap between the first wooden element and the second wooden element.

[0074] Fig. 11A Figure 800 shows a component 800 comprising a first wooden element 810 and a second wooden element 820. Here, the first side of the first wooden element 810 and the first side of the second wooden element 820 are realized as flat surfaces arranged perpendicular to the second and third sides of the first and second wooden elements 810 and 820, respectively. This results in a split shape 830 as in the first to seventh embodiments of the invention.

[0075] Fig. 11BFigure 900 shows a component consisting of a first wooden element 910 and a second wooden element 920. The first side of the first wooden element 910 and the first side of the second wooden element 920 are each formed as finger joints. Unlike prior art finger joints, however, the finger joints do not overlap or interlock. This has the advantage that the cured adhesive wedges itself in the gap 930 between the first wooden element 910 and the second wooden element 920. Nevertheless, the first wooden element 910 does not need to be threaded into the second wooden element 920, which can be difficult with large wooden elements.

[0076] Fig. 11CFigure 1000 shows a component consisting of a first wooden element 1010 and a second wooden element 1020. The first side of both the first and second wooden elements 1020 is concave, forming a triangular shape. This corresponds to a keyway. The advantage of this design is that the cured adhesive wedges itself into the gap 1030 between the first and second wooden elements 1010 and 1020. This eliminates the need to thread the first wooden element 1010 into the second wooden element 1020, which can be difficult with larger wooden elements.

[0077] Fig. 11D Figure 1100 shows a component with a first wooden element 1110 and a second wooden element 1120. Here, the first side of the first wooden element 1110 and the first side of the second wooden element 1120 are each concave, realized here as a triangular shape. This corresponds to a keyway. In contrast to Fig. 11CThe keyway is deeper. This has the advantage that the cured adhesive wedges itself in the gap 1130 between the first wooden element 1110 and the second wooden element 1120. Nevertheless, the first wooden element 1110 does not need to be threaded into the second wooden element 1120, which can be difficult with larger wooden elements.

[0078] Fig. 11EFigure 1200 shows a component consisting of a first wooden element 1210 and a second wooden element 1220. The first side of the first wooden element 1210 and the first side of the second wooden element 1220 are each angled, so that the first side of the first wooden element 1210 and the first side of the second wooden element 1220 are parallel. This has the advantage that the cured adhesive wedges itself in the gap 1230 between the first wooden element 1210 and the second wooden element 1220. Despite this, the first wooden element 1210 does not need to be threaded into the second wooden element 1220, which can be difficult with larger wooden elements.

[0079] Fig. 12This diagram illustrates the process for bonding two wooden elements. In step S11, two wooden elements are pre-treated for joining. This includes, for example, smoothing the surface to be bonded (first side) of the wooden elements. This can be done, for example, by sanding or filling. Afterwards, the surface to be bonded should be cleaned and covered with a protective film for transport. In step S12, the wooden elements are transported to the joint location. Of course, step S12 can also be performed before step S11. In step S13, the wooden elements are arranged so that a gap remains between them and at least one main grain direction of each wooden element intersects the surface to be bonded. Preferably, the wooden elements are fixed in this position so that movement of the wooden elements relative to each other is no longer possible.If the surfaces to be bonded are protected by a protective film, this film must be removed before arranging the wooden elements. In step S14, the open edges of this gap are sealed, for example by filling the open sides with filler. In step S15, the adhesive is applied to the gap, for example through a hole drilled or left open in the filler. Step S16 consists of allowing the adhesive to cure.

[0080] Fig. 13Figure 2 shows a method for quality control of the adhesive bond. Theoretically, the volume of the sealed gap between the two wooden elements is calculated (S21). In step S22, the quantity or volume of adhesive poured into the gap is measured. The calculated volume is then compared with the volume poured (S23). If significantly more adhesive is poured than theoretically calculated, it is likely that the adhesive has seeped into the wood, and the quality of the bond cannot be guaranteed. If significantly less adhesive is poured than theoretically calculated, air inclusions are present in the adhesive, and the quality of the bond also cannot be guaranteed. In step S24, a statement is made about the quality of the bond.

[0081] For large surfaces to be bonded, it is further advantageous to divide them into sealed sections and to apply the quality control procedure to each of these sections according to Fig. 13 to carry out. Thus, a statement can be made about the quality for each section, and the gluing process can be repeated for that section if necessary.

[0082] The embodiments described here are merely examples and are not intended to limit the scope of protection. All embodiments, including those not described, that fall within the scope of protection defined by the claims belong to the invention.

Claims

1. Method for manufacturing a load-bearing component suitable for timber construction, comprising a first wooden element (110, 210, 310) with at least one first main grain direction and a second wooden element (120, 220, 320) with at least one second main grain direction, comprising the following steps: - arranging the first wooden element in relation to the second wooden element so that a first side of the first wooden element (110, 210, 310) intersecting the first main grain direction and a first side of the second wood element (120, 220, 320) intersecting the second main grain direction enclose a distance greater than 1 mm, thereby forming a gap between the first sides of the two wood elements; - Sealing the open sides of the gap; - filling a two-component adhesive into the gap between the first side of the first wooden element (110, 210, 310) and the first side of the second wooden element (120, 220, 320); - bonding the wooden elements without pressing and allowing the adhesive to cure to form an adhesive layer, characterised in that - that the volume of the at least partially sealed gap between the wooden elements is calculated theoretically (S21), - the volume of the filled two-component adhesive is measured (S22), - the calculated volume of the gap is compared with the measured volume of the filled two-component adhesive (S23), and - a statement is made about the quality of the bond on the basis that a significant deviation of the calculated volume from the measured volume indicates a reduced quality of the bond (S24).

2. The method according to claim 1, wherein at least part of the open edges of the gap are sealed by applying a filler.

3. The method according to claim 1 or 2, wherein the first side of the first wooden element (110, 210, 310) and / or the first side of the second wooden element (120, 220, 320) is sanded or filled before the arrangement step.

4. The method according to any one of claims 1 to 3, wherein the first side of the first wooden element (110, 210, 310) is arranged at a distance greater than 3 mm or greater than 5 mm from the first side of the second wooden element (120, 220, 320).

5. The method according to any one of claims 1 to 4, wherein the arranged wooden elements are fixed in their position so that the wooden elements do not move against each other.

6. The method according to any one of claims 1 to 5, wherein the volume enclosed between the first sides of the first and second wooden elements is divided into sub-volumes sealed off from one another, the volume enclosed between the first sides of the first and second wooden elements of a first sub-volume is calculated theoretically, the volume of the two-component adhesive filled into the first sub-volume is measured, the calculated volume is compared with the measured volume, and a statement is made about the quality of the bond in the first sub-volume on the basis of the comparison, on the basis that a significant deviation of the calculated sub-volume from the measured sub-volume of the filled two-component adhesive indicates a reduced quality of the bond.

7. A component suitable for timber construction manufactured according to the method of any one of claims 1 to 6, wherein the force transmitted via the main grain directions of the wooden elements is introduced into the adhesive layer and transmitted from this to the respective wooden element bonded at the end grain, such that a load-bearing bond, i.e. a connection that is suitable for load-bearing components in timber construction and can withstand a tensile force of at least 5 Newtons per square millimetre or at least 10 Newtons per square millimetre, is formed between the wooden elements.

8. The component according to claim 7, wherein the distance is greater than 3 mm or greater than 5 mm.

9. The component according to one of claims 7 or 8, wherein the first main grain direction is arranged parallel to the second main grain direction.

10. The component according to one of claims 7 to 9, wherein the first wooden element (110, 210, 310) on the first side in the first main grain direction does not overlap the second wooden element (120, 220, 320) on the first side.

11. The component according to one of claims 7 to 10, wherein the first wood element has a plurality of first wood layers (311) with a first main grain direction (313) and a plurality of second wood layers (312) with a third main grain direction (314), and wherein the second wood element comprises a plurality of first wood layers (321) with a second main grain direction (323) and a plurality of second wood layers (322) with a fourth main grain direction, and wherein the first wood layers and the second wood layers alternate in the first and second wood elements, respectively, has at least one area with the second main grain direction on the first side and has at least one area with a fourth main grain direction, wherein the area of the first wood element (110, 210, 310) with the first main grain direction is bonded to the area of the second wood element (120, 220, 320) with the second main grain direction.

12. The component according to claim 11, wherein the third main grain direction (314) is arranged at right angles to the first main grain direction (313) and wherein the fourth main grain direction (323) is arranged at right angles to the second main grain direction.

13. The component according to claims 11 and 12, wherein the first wooden element and the second wooden element are arranged such that the first layers (311) of the first wooden element (310) are bonded to the first layers (321) of the second wooden element (320), and that the second layers (312) of the first wooden element (310) are bonded to the second layers (322) of the second wooden element (320).

14. A load-bearing floor ceiling (400, 450) for a building, which is formed by a plurality of wooden elements (310, 320, 401, 402, 404, 451, 452, 455, 456) having a layered structure, - wherein each wooden element has a first layer (311) and a second layer (312) alternating with each other (312), wherein the first layers (311) each have a first main grain direction (313) and the second layers (312) each have a third main grain direction (314), wherein the first (313) and third main grain directions (314) run parallel to a plane of the floor slab, characterized - in that each wood element has a first side intersected by the first principal grain direction of the first layer and a second side intersected by the third principal grain direction of the second layer, - in that a first wood element (401, 451) is bonded on at least one side to an adjacent second wood element (402, 455) on its corresponding first side, and wherein the first wood element (401, 451) is bonded on at least one second side to an adjacent third wood element (404, 456) on its corresponding second side, and wherein the first side of the first wooden element is bonded to the first side of the second wooden element and the second side of the first wooden element is bonded to the second side of the third wooden element, in each case with a distance greater than 1 mm, without press bonding, using a two-component adhesive.

15. The floor ceiling according to claim 14, wherein the first wooden element (401, 451) does not overlap the second wooden element (402, 455) on the first side in the first main grain direction, and wherein the first side of the first wooden element (401, 451) is bonded to the first side of the second wooden element (404, 456) without any further wooden element being bonded to the second side of the first wooden element and the second side of the second wooden element.