INDOOR LOCATION-BASED CONTROL OF MANUFACTURING PROCESSES IN THE METALWORKING INDUSTRY

Description

[0001] The present invention relates to a method for monitoring and controlling manufacturing processes, in particular process sequences in the industrial production of workpieces in steel and / or sheet metal processing. Furthermore, the invention relates to a system for monitoring workpiece position in production halls of the metalworking industry, in particular in steel and / or sheet metal processing. Furthermore, the invention relates to the assignment of workpieces to process sequences within the framework of production control.

[0002] As an example, in the metalworking industry, many parts of different sizes are often fed into a wide variety of processing steps in industrial steel and / or sheet metal processing. For example, workpieces on machine tools, e.g., laser-cut material or punched sheet metal parts, are sorted and fed to further processing steps. After the processing operation, cut or punched workpieces are often made available in a group to the respective downstream production step. The various process sequences are usually carried out manually based on a visual comparison with paper-based documents. However, if many different part shapes are cut, a wide variety of processing steps are carried out, and different areas in a production hall are accessed for steel and / or sheet metal processing, such monitoring and control processes become complex and error-prone.A high part diversity can lead to errors in part allocation and subsequent processing steps, e.g., during order-specific storage in designated workpiece collection units or during transfer to the next processing step. If parts are stored incorrectly, for example, a subsequent processing step can be negatively affected, e.g., carried out incorrectly.

[0003] For example, a physical material flow is usually discreetly synchronized manually with processing steps to be carried out at booking stations, so that often no detailed evaluation can take place or only a delayed evaluation can take place.

[0004] For example, the (as yet unpublished) German patent applications DE 10 2016 120 132 A1 ("Workpiece collection unit and method for supporting the processing of workpieces") and DE 10 2016 120 131 A1 ("Absorting support method and flatbed machine tool"), filed on October 21, 2016, disclose methods for supporting the sorting process of workpieces produced with a flatbed machine tool, generally methods for supporting the processing of workpieces. Furthermore, the German patent application DE 10 2017 107 357 A1 "Absorting support method and flatbed machine tool," filed on April 5, 2017, discloses an assisting method for the sorting of, for example, cuttings from a flatbed machine tool. The aforementioned German patent applications are incorporated herein in their entirety.

[0005] US 2016 / 0100289 A1 discloses a localization and tracking system for determining the positions of mobile wireless devices, for example, using ultra-wideband (UWB) technology. The positions of the devices are obtained, for example, by calculating arrival time differences. Motion sensors based on UWB technology, which can be enhanced with acceleration sensors, among other things, are disclosed in US 2015 / 0356332 A1, for example, for performance analysis in sports.

[0006] EP 1 719 030 A1 describes methods and systems for detecting the exact positions of large aircraft components. Among other things, a first position measuring system is used, which comprises a plurality of transmitters and sensors distributed throughout a production facility, with at least two sensors permanently connected to each large aircraft component. Multiple sensors per large aircraft component are necessary for the precise assembly of two large aircraft components in order to ensure the correct spatial orientation of the individual large aircraft components. Infrared-based and laser-based systems are proposed as the first position measuring systems.

[0007] Furthermore, reference is made to the document "Localization of moving objects inside and outside buildings", Enrico Köppe, June 18, 2014, XP055452795, which concerns the "localization of moving objects inside and outside buildings" without using local infrastructure and with the purpose of performing an accurate localization of moving objects inside buildings.

[0008] Furthermore, reference is made to the document "RFID-enabled real-time manufacturing execution system for mass-customization production," Zhong et al., Robotics and Computer-integrated Manufacturing, Vol. 29, No. 2, XP055103098. This disclosure describes an RFID-based manufacturing execution system in which a plurality of RFID units are deployed in a manufacturing area to track production objects and capture real-time production data. Critical production components are provided with RFID tags, individual production stations with RFID readers, and employees with mobile reading devices. The RFID tag is assigned to the respective critical production component and carries component-specific information relevant to the manufacturing process, which can be read using the RFID readers and mobile reading devices. Kevin Curran et al. "An evaluation of indoor location determination technologies," doi:10.1080 / 17489725.2011.562927, discloses an overview of various indoor localization systems.

[0009] Furthermore, Anonymous: "Pozyx: accurate indoor positioning for Arduino-Use Arduino for Projects", Dec 12, 2015, XP055453364 discloses the use of UWB for indoor and outdoor positioning.

[0010] DE 102014 217 568 A1 discloses a method and an arrangement for monitoring a position of a hand tool using a Bluetooth module.

[0011] DE 10 2013 018 703 A1 discloses a device for improving manufacturing processes, in particular assembly processes for machines or devices, with a locating device based, for example, on triangulation. Examples of locating objects include a screwdriver, a glove, and an assembly part. The locating objects are located using locating devices that are fixed to the workpiece. Thus, a relative ordering is established with respect to a moving workpiece and one of the locating systems moving with it. For example, the workpiece (e.g., a car) moves on a conveyor belt, on which the locating devices are also transported.

[0012] One aspect of this disclosure is based on the task of proposing methods and systems that can intelligently support manufacturing processes, particularly in the field of steel and / or sheet metal processing - metal processing in general.

[0013] At least one of these objects is achieved by a method for production control according to claim 1, by an indoor positioning system according to claim 6, by a production control system according to claim 8, the use of an indoor positioning system according to claim 11, and a method for industrial production of an end product according to claim 13. The invention is defined in the independent claims. Further developments are specified in the subclaims.

[0014] In one aspect, a method for production control of process sequences in the industrial processing of workpieces (23), in particular in steel and / or sheet metal processing, in a production hall for the manufacture of a final product, supported by indoor location, comprises the following steps: Providing a plurality of transmitting / receiving units permanently installed in the production hall, at least one mobile unit and an analysis unit, wherein the transmitting / receiving units and the mobile unit are designed to transmit and receive electromagnetic signals and the analysis unit is designed to determine the positions of the mobile unit in the production hall from the propagation times of the electromagnetic signals between the transmitting / receiving units and the mobile unit, assigning the mobile unit to at least one workpiece, determining the position of the at least one assigned workpiece by locating the assigned mobile unit with the interior location system and integrating the determined position into the production control of the industrial production plant for manufacturing the end product.

[0015] In a further aspect, an indoor positioning system for supporting the production control of process sequences in the industrial production of workpieces, in particular in steel and / or sheet metal processing, comprises a plurality of transceiver units permanently installed in the production hall, at least one mobile unit, and an analysis unit. The transceiver units and the at least one mobile unit are designed to transmit and receive electromagnetic signals. The analysis unit is designed to determine propagation times of the electromagnetic signals between the transceiver units and the at least one mobile unit and to determine the position of the at least one mobile unit in the production hall from the propagation times of the electromagnetic signals.

[0016] In a further aspect, a production control system for controlling production processes in a production hall, in particular a steel and / or sheet metal processing industrial production plant, comprises such an indoor positioning system. The indoor positioning system is configured to exchange and provide data on the position of at least one mobile unit in the production hall as part of the production control system, and the production control system is configured to assign the acquired position of the at least one mobile unit to at least one workpiece and to incorporate it into the production control.

[0017] A further aspect relates to the use of such an indoor positioning system in production control, whereby the positions of the mobile units are determined from the propagation times of the electromagnetic signals, in particular with an accuracy of less than 30 cm. The indoor positioning system is used for Assigning one of the mobile units to at least one workpiece in a metalworking, in particular steel and / or sheet metal processing, industrial production plant, determining the position of the at least one workpiece by locating the assigned mobile unit with the interior location system and integrating the interior location system into a production control system of the industrial production plant.

[0018] In a further aspect, a method for industrially manufacturing a final product using a manufacturing control system (also referred to herein as MES (Manufacturing Execution System)) comprises the following steps: Receiving a production order for the production of the final product from a workpiece using an MES of the production control system implemented in a data processing device, selecting individual processing steps using the MES, determining a sequence of processing steps using the MES, wherein the processing steps comprise one or more of the following operations: cutting, in particular laser cutting, punching, bending, drilling, threading, grinding, joining, welding, riveting, screwing, pressing, treating edges and surfaces;Data-based assignment of the processing steps to a machine or a workstation unit, Data-based assignment of the production order to a mobile unit data record in the MES, Manufacturing a workpiece for the end product, wherein it is processed in particular to form part of the end product after a first of the processing steps on the machine or workstation unit assigned to the processing step, Spatial assignment of the mobile unit assigned to the production order to the manufactured workpiece, Saving a status change of the production order in the MES, Transporting the manufactured workpiece together with the mobile unit according to the production order to the next machine or workstation unit in the predetermined sequence, Carrying out the processing step on this machine or workstation unit, Saving a status change of the production order in the MES and carrying out the processing steps of the production order with the MES, ; The position of the mobile unit with the positioning system can be determined at any time by the MES based on electromagnetic signals and the MES has data on the current status and position of the workpiece at all times.

[0019] According to the invention, the mobile unit further comprises an acceleration and / or position sensor, and in particular a MEMS-based sensor and / or barometer sensor. Accordingly, the method can comprise integrating a signal from the acceleration and / or position sensor, and in particular the MEMS-based sensor and / or barometer sensor, into the control system for manufacturing the final product, wherein a movement or orientation signal is used to assign the mobile unit to the at least one workpiece. Signals are generated by shaking the mobile unit and / or specific positions of the mobile unit and / or by performing specified gestures with the mobile unit. The method can further comprise evaluating image information of the at least one workpiece and / or the mobile unit, wherein the image information includes, for example, markings such as barcodes, images, etc.

[0020] In some embodiments, the method comprises associating the mobile unit with an operator, a means of transport, a machine tool or a tool, determining the position of the mobile unit associated with an operator, a means of transport, a machine tool or a tool using the indoor positioning system and incorporating the determined position into the control for manufacturing an end product of the industrial production plant and / or into a movement analysis of the operator, the means of transport, the machine tool or the tool.

[0021] In some embodiments, the method comprises defining zones and / or spatial barriers in the production hall, in particular in a floor plan of the production hall, and comparing the determined position with respect to the zones and / or spatial barriers, and controlling production based on the comparison. The comparison of the determined position may reveal that the mobile unit is located in a zone or has left it, or that the mobile unit has passed a spatial barrier. The zones and / or spatial barriers may be defined in two or three dimensions.

[0022] For example, integrating the specific position into the control system for manufacturing a final product may include one or more of the following steps: Emitting signals to support location; displaying information on the production status, in particular on a mobile output device such as a tablet, smartphone or a monitoring monitor; setting operating parameters of a machine tool; updating a protocol that records production, in particular processing steps; assigning the mobile unit to an order for the production of one or more end products in several different work steps;

[0023] Furthermore, the integration of the specific position into the control system for the production of a final product can involve controlling and / or monitoring processing of the at least one workpiece in several different work steps that are carried out at different locations, but in particular within the production hall; transporting the at least one workpiece between different work steps that are carried out at different locations, but in particular within the production hall; processing of the at least one workpiece at workstations that are networked with or integrated into the production control system; and / or processing of the at least one workpiece at workstations that are not networked with or integrated into the production control system, include.

[0024] Multiple workpieces, particularly those that have the same shape in their final state and have undergone the same process steps, and especially those that also belong to a common order, are referred to as workpiece collection units or workpiece groups. These are usually stored at a workpiece collection point unit. It is advantageous to assign a mobile unit to each workpiece collection unit, particularly both physically (by placing the mobile unit near a workpiece collection point unit, e.g., on the workpiece collection point unit) and organizationally (by digitally assigning a mobile unit data record to a machining plan in the production control system). A list of all orders (including machining plans) can be stored in the production control system. Each of the orders can be assigned to a workpiece collection unit.If orders are also assigned to a mobile unit, each order can be located in the production hall at any time. This can also be combined with information reported back from workstations and / or machines in the production control system.

[0025] The indoor location system and the indoor location system are characterized by the fact that the position of the mobile units can be determined solely by the analysis unit, i.e., without manual interaction. Previous systems for locating workpieces or orders in production facilities have the disadvantage that lost workpieces or orders must be searched for manually. It has been recognized that these manual searches account for an enormously high proportion of non-productive time, particularly in production facilities with a high number of small and constantly changing orders, such as in contract manufacturing facilities. With the location system according to the invention and the system described, the positions of the workpieces and thus of the orders can be called up, filtered, or specifically localized, for example, on a screen.The need for time-consuming manual searches for workpieces, but also for tools or people, can be drastically reduced, especially in industrial production (steel and / or sheet metal processing).

[0026] Further advantages of aspects disclosed herein relate to the easier integration of indoor location into manufacturing processes.

[0027] In some embodiments, the processing of the workpiece(s) is controlled or monitored at workstations that are networked with or integrated into the production control system. Such machine workstations include machines that receive and execute production instructions via a data connection, particularly digitally. This requires little or no intervention by the operator. Such machines are typically referred to as automated or fully automated machines. Such machines can also report the production status to a production control system.

[0028] In some embodiments, the processing of the workpiece(s) is controlled and / or monitored at workstations that are only networked to a very limited degree or not at all with the production control system, or are not integrated into it. These can be workstations where the work steps are performed manually by humans, or those that have machines but are only networked to a very limited degree or not at all, or can only be networked with great effort, e.g., so-called manual workstations, as described in DE 10 2016 220 015 A1, "Manual workstation unit, work data processing device, manual workstation operating system, manual workstation operating method, and manual workstation provision method," filed on October 13, 2016. This German patent application is also incorporated herein in its entirety.

[0029] Workstations that are only networked to a very limited extent can be, for example, manual workstations with simple machines, such as drilling, sawing, milling, and bending workstations. Their only networking can consist of a monitoring system, as described in DE 10 2016 220 015 A1. Another networking option is monitoring the power consumption of such machines and networking the information from that power consumption. For example, if a machine hasn't consumed any power at all, it can be concluded that the machine hasn't yet completed the job.

[0030] In particular, the combination of manufacturing processes with workstations that are networked or integrated with production control and those that are not, or only to a very limited extent, still represents a major obstacle to effective and efficient production control today. This is because orders are still printed on paper when they move from an automated workstation to a non-automated workstation. This slows down production. It also hampers flexibility, for example, when a particularly fast-moving order with multiple process steps needs to be processed at multiple workstations within a short period of time. A manufacturing company that can ensure this smoothly has an advantage over its competitors who cannot.By locating the workpieces and linking the location with the production control, the concepts disclosed herein can enable flexible and fast production of end products.

[0031] Based on the concepts disclosed herein, intelligent assistance systems in production halls can use 2D or 3D position determination of workpieces (generally material) and optionally people (e.g., operators), transport media, machines, tools, and much more to support manufacturing processes. This makes it possible to use 2D or 3D positions as information, which is available in addition to other sensor information and has been determined according to the concepts disclosed herein, as part of holistic production control and factory digitalization.

[0032] The concepts disclosed herein are based on the use of a 2D / 3D indoor positioning system as a starting point for location-dependent information processing. The positioning system can optionally be equipped with additional sensors, for example, acceleration and / or position sensors, and thus also serve as a starting point for position-dependent information processing. This enables, in particular, location-dependent (and possibly position-dependent) interaction within the framework of the 2D / 3D indoor positioning system in production control, as well as the optimization of manufacturing processes. For example, virtual gates and zones can be used to automatically monitor and control a manufacturing process and subsequent production steps. This can be done, in particular, in real time.

[0033] It was recognized that the use of such positioning systems is also possible in the specific environment of a steel and / or sheet metal processing industrial production, provided the expected process operations in a production hall are taken into account. Accordingly, such positioning systems can be integrated into a production control system (here also referred to as MES (Manufacturing Execution System)). By taking the expected process operations in a production hall into account, the use of such positioning systems is possible, for example, despite the presence of steel and sheet metal, even though metallic workpieces can reflect and shield the electromagnetic signals used. Their use is also possible if the metallic workpieces are also moved locally, causing the reflective surfaces to constantly change their position and orientation.

[0034] With reference to the aforementioned accounting of physical material flow and processing steps, the use of 2D / 3D indoor positioning systems creates a complexity in the low-effort, dynamic assignment of acquired location information to physical components. The concepts disclosed herein address this complexity and allow, for example, the assignment of production orders with assigned identifiers without the complex interaction of a mobile unit with which the associated location information is obtained.

[0035] Indoor tracking systems enable the detailed mapping of material flows in production within a production hall into digital process management. These tracking systems simplify the localization of objects / people participating in production within the production environment. Once tools, equipment, or load carriers are initially equipped with a mobile unit of the tracking system, they can be assigned manually or automatically in the digital control system according to digital information. This also applies to objects temporarily involved in production, such as production orders or service personnel. Temporarily required dynamic assignments can be created repeatedly and are only required in the production hall for a few hours, days, or weeks.In order to enable and ensure the dynamic allocation of mobile units to new production orders in a low-effort and reliable manner, the process aids proposed here can be used.

[0036] This particularly applies to the use of optical sensors for the simple assignment of, for example, production orders to mobile units of the tracking system. This enables a close integration of the assignment process and the manufacturing process, ensuring process reliability, especially in a still predominantly manual manufacturing environment.

[0037] The embodiments disclosed herein for integrating such indoor location technology into sheet metal manufacturing processes may include, among others, the following process steps, uses, and advantages: Mapping the changing assignment of orders, mapping an assistant for a person, e.g., a processor, with the help of the tracking system and other sensors, especially for locating workpieces and tools, ensuring process-reliable and low-effort production through automated processes with low degrees of freedom for the processor, intuitive production process without complex information gathering for the processor.

[0038] Indoor positioning can be determined with the methods disclosed herein with an accuracy of less than 30 cm, in particular less than 10 cm, in a production hall with a floor plan in the range of, for example, 1 hectare and which is not reachable by GPS satellite signals. This level of accuracy is essentially not possible with other technologies (Bluetooth, WiFi, WLAN, infrared, mobile communications, RFID). Many requirements must be taken into account when locating workpieces, orders, people (e.g., processors), and / or tools. Industrial production is obviously becoming increasingly geared towards the production of small series with many individual work steps (production processes such as cutting, bending, grinding, surface treatment) at different workstations, such as machine workstations and manual workstations. This means that often several hundred different orders have to be completed in one day, all of which require different work steps.

[0039] As soon as a single disruption occurs, production control can quickly become extremely confusing. Individual people spend time searching for orders that are half-processed or not yet processed in the production hall and determining their status. This information is then transmitted to production control. This can lead to significant time losses in actual production.

[0040] Due to the ever-increasing speed of processing steps during productive processing and the increasing number of different orders with ever-decreasing numbers of identical parts, such failures can occur with increasing frequency. The resulting downtime reduces productive time. If orders, workpieces, people (e.g., operators), and tools need to be located quickly, the location of at least some of these units disclosed herein is helpful in reducing downtime. In particular, it meets the very high requirements for industrial production.

[0041] In industrial manufacturing, real-time positioning is desired. It should be spatially accurate enough to reliably locate mobile units and / or assign them to the processing steps. It has been shown that positioning with an accuracy of only 1 m is insufficient. Furthermore, positioning that would have to be recalibrated every time there is a change in the radiation behavior of electromagnetic waves, caused, for example, by the movement of metal workpieces in the production hall, is disadvantageous and often unusable. The positioning should also be flexible; multiple orders should be able to be combined into a single order, an order should be able to be divided into several orders, etc. The positioning should be easy to use. It should be fail-safe.

[0042] In general, the concepts disclosed herein can enable increased process reliability, optimized throughput times, and correspondingly optimized production costs. Specifically, the concepts disclosed herein can result in sometimes significant time savings in the manufacturing process, where the manufacturing process extends, for example, from the production of a required number of parts to their correct transfer to a subsequent process (e.g., a subsequent metalworking step). Furthermore, multiple orders can be implemented virtually simultaneously with process reliability. The concepts disclosed herein also allow for simple assignment of workpieces within the location system. This allows open orders to be optimized despite the complexity of multiple orders being processed simultaneously.

[0043] Furthermore, flexible processing of various process sequences with the associated time savings can be achieved when machines such as laser cutting machines and / or punching machines are integrated into the semi-automated manufacturing process. Furthermore, error prevention and the automatic, correct recording of workpieces, processing steps, etc. can lay the foundation for data-based real-time control of metal processing (e.g., steel and sheet metal production). Accordingly, machine tools used to produce small batch sizes of workpieces can also be integrated into a production system controlled by an MES within the framework of Industry 4.0.

[0044] Disclosed herein are concepts that allow aspects of the prior art to be improved, at least in part. In particular, further features and their usefulness will become apparent from the following description of embodiments with reference to the figures. The figures show: Fig. 1 shows an exemplary schematic representation of a production control system with an indoor positioning system, Fig. 2 shows an illustration of an exemplary embodiment of a UWB-based mobile unit, Fig. 3 shows a representation of another exemplary mobile unit on a transport trolley for workpieces, Fig. 4 shows an exemplary digital layout plan of a production hall, Fig. 5 shows another exemplary digital layout plan, Fig. 6 shows an exemplary representation of a machine tool that is integrated into an indoor positioning system and Fig. 7 shows a flow chart to illustrate production supported by an indoor positioning system and Fig. 8 shows a flow chart to illustrate process steps for the industrial production of an end product.

[0045] The aspects described herein are partly based on the realisation that with the accuracy and reliability of new positioning systems, particularly those based on UWB technology, for example with a location accuracy of less than 30 cm, in particular less than 10 cm, the use of indoor positioning systems in industrial production becomes meaningful.

[0046] The positioning systems disclosed herein, intended for integration into industrial manufacturing, are based on mobile units (also referred to herein as "tags") and stationary transceivers (also referred to herein as "anchors"). When integrated into industrial manufacturing, a workpiece, generally an object ("asset"), is provided with at least one mobile unit to determine its position, or is functionally or spatially related to it (also referred to herein as physical or spatial assignment). The mobile units are generally electronic components capable of communicating with the transceivers, in particular using UWB communication technology. Each mobile unit can have its own time determination unit ("clock") to determine travel times.

[0047] Spatial assignment can be carried out by positioning a mobile unit close to an assigned workpiece or on the workpiece itself, or by placing the workpiece on a workpiece collection point unit on which a mobile unit is provided, for example a transport trolley, a collection container or a pallet. The mobile unit can be permanently attached there (or to a person) or can be attached to the workpiece / workpiece collection point unit or placed on it. For attachment, the mobile unit can, for example, have a holding mechanism, for example a magnet or a clamping, screwing, clipping, bayonet or suction device, with which it can be connected to the workpiece or to the workpiece collection point unit in such a way that it cannot detach from it in an uncontrolled manner.

[0048] In addition to the spatial assignment of a workpiece, for example, to the mobile unit, the mobile unit (and thus the spatially assigned workpiece) can also be assigned to the associated production order of the workpiece (here also referred to as digital assignment of the production process or, for short, processing plan assignment).

[0049] Fully or partially automated processing plan assignments, for example, link a production order with a specific mobile unit of the tracking system. They can be performed, for example, through the combined use of an assistance system in the operator's environment and the tracking system.

[0050] An example of an assistance system is an optical assistance system in which workpieces or tools grasped by the operator are detected using optical sensors and (preferably) uniquely identified for machining plan assignment in the context of the available production data from the production orders. An exemplary assistance system is disclosed in DE 10 2016 120 131 A1, cited above. Such assistance systems can also be used for spatial assignment, for example, if image data relates to the workpiece and the mobile units. Furthermore, one or more sensors provided on the mobile unit can be used for machining plan assignment, but also for spatial assignment, as explained below in connection with embodiments of the mobile unit.

[0051] The spatial assignment can then support the further tracking of the recognized and assigned workpiece via the localizable mobile unit during the subsequent manufacturing process. Various physical (spatial) and digital (process) assignments are explained below and in conjunction with the figures described below. These can be used individually or in combination. The close integration of the process flow ensures process reliability in the manual environment.

[0052] With digital assignment, the mobile units can be linked to production orders. The production orders relate to processing steps at various production stations, for example, at a laser cutting machine or a punching machine, or at a picking station. A mobile unit can now be available to track a production order. Digital assignment can be achieved, for example, by positioning a mobile unit in a geometrically defined zone. If the mobile unit is present in the zone, it is linked to one of the as yet unassigned production orders. Information about this order can be loaded onto the mobile unit initially or, as needed, continuously updated.

[0053] The digitally assigned mobile units can, for example, be distributed by the operator to workpiece collection points such as trolleys or pallets, generally referred to as load carriers, onto which the workpieces are placed during production, possibly with camera assistance (physical assignment). Tools can also be digitally assigned to a mobile unit. Within the framework of machine-based digital and / or physical assignment, with sufficiently automated production stations, the mobile units can also be positioned on the load carriers by the machines in the production process.

[0054] During physical assignment, the operator or possibly a correspondingly controlled machine can automatically place the workpieces to be assigned on the load carrier next to the mobile unit, which may already have been digitally assigned. Physical assignment is completed manually, for example, with a confirmation directly on the mobile unit or via the MES.

[0055] Furthermore, the physical assignment can be supported by an assistance system that tracks the manual handling process. If a worker picks up a workpiece or tool, this pickup can be recorded by the assistance system using sensors. The assignment by the assistance system to an already digitally assigned mobile unit can, for example, be achieved in two ways. Firstly, the worker can visually assign the real workpiece / tool ​​to a schematic sketch shown on a display unit of the mobile unit. Secondly, by registering the successful gripping of a workpiece / tool, the correspondingly assigned mobile unit can emit a visual or acoustic signal, for example.

[0056] As an alternative to the previously performed digital assignment, the assistance system can cause a mobile unit in the vicinity of which a workpiece / tool ​​is placed to be digitally assigned according to the type of workpiece / tool ​​recognized by the assistance system.

[0057] Alternatively or in addition to the camera-based assistance system, dynamic assignment can be performed, for example, by scanning order documents and / or a code (e.g., barcode, QR code, etc.) on the mobile unit. Furthermore, a combined photo or two separate photos can be evaluated, including the order document code and the mobile unit code. In some assignment procedures, a photo of the order documents can be taken with a camera on the mobile unit (or a separate camera on the operator), possibly in addition to a visual assistance system.

[0058] Alternatively or in addition to processing the information on order documents, the target geometry of the workpiece can be used. After comparing the workpiece geometry, captured, for example, by the camera-based assistance system or the camera on the mobile unit, with the target geometry, information can then be loaded from the central production data system and displayed to the operator. If the image processing does not allow for clear identification, the operator can be provided with a list of a subset of active production orders that are suitable for the captured geometry. The operator then makes the final selection and establishes the digital assignment.

[0059] This improves process reliability. In particular, workpieces / tools with similar functions can be clearly assigned without the operator confusing them, misassigning them, and processing them incorrectly.

[0060] Fig. 1 shows schematically a production control system 1, which comprises an MES (Manufacturing Execution System) 3 and an indoor positioning system 5 (herein referred to as positioning system).

[0061] The MES 3 is connected to one or more machine tools 7 positioned in a production hall via wireless or wired communication links 9. In general, the MES 3 is used to control process sequences / production steps in the industrial production of workpieces using the machine tools 7. It is thus used, in particular, to control the machine tools 7. For this purpose, the MES 3 receives information about the process sequences / production steps as well as status information from the machine tools 7. The MES 3 represents a data processing system or, more generally, a data processing method that can be implemented in a data processing device. This can be a single electronic data processing device (server) or a network of multiple data processing devices (server network / cloud).The data processing device or network can be provided locally in the production facility or set up decentrally outside.

[0062] A platform on which the data processing devices can be available—i.e., on which the MES 3 can be implemented—can be a so-called cloud. The cloud includes, for example, an external server with computing and storage capacity that multiple product manufacturers can use simultaneously. Access authentication, passwords, etc. can be used to ensure that no manufacturer can access the data of another manufacturer or the operator of the production facility. It can be ensured that no external third party can access the stored data. Protection against unauthorized access can be ensured by ensuring that the data stored in the cloud is also processed there, and that the manufacturer or operator of the production facility who wishes to use the data only processes the data in the cloud.Such cloud usage can lead to a significant simplification of system configurations and accompanying cost savings.

[0063] The data processing device can have a graphical user interface (GUI) with various application programs (APPs). By providing various APPs that can execute a specific application program, the manufacturing software required by a company can be segmented so that it only needs to be accessed when needed—just like using a specific APP. This allows the provider providing the manufacturing software to be compensated for usage as needed.

[0064] The positioning system 5 can have multiple transceiver units 13 and at least one mobile unit 15. The positioning system 5 can further interact with the MES 3. For example, an analysis unit 11 of the positioning system 5 can be configured as part of the MES 3.

[0065] The transceiver units 13 can be configured to transmit UWB radio signals to the mobile units 15 and to receive UWB radio signals from them.

[0066] The distance between a spatially mobile mobile unit 15 and, for example, a fixed transceiver unit 13 can be determined by the time it takes for the signal to travel the distance between the two units. If the distances are determined by multiple transceiver units 13, each of whose locations is known, the spatial location of the mobile unit 15 relative to the transceiver units 13 can be determined, for example, by triangulation.

[0067] To determine the propagation time, the transceiver unit 13 and the mobile unit(s) 15 can have highly accurate clocks that can determine the time to within a few nanoseconds or even fractions of a second. Even if the clocks in the transceiver unit 13 and the mobile unit 15 are highly accurate, they are not necessarily synchronized. Different methods for synchronizing clocks or eliminating errors resulting from asynchronous clock progression can be used. For example, one of the transceiver units 13, e.g., as the master positioning unit, can send a signal at a first time T1 and a second signal at a second time T2. The time difference T2-T1 can be known to the mobile unit 15 or transmitted along with the signals, allowing it to synchronize to the time of the transceiver units 13.Alternatively, the mobile unit 15 can transmit two signals at a predetermined time interval Ta. In this case, the transceiver unit 13 can determine the synchronization error from the reception of the first signal to the reception of the second signal based on its own time measurement with its own clock and calculate it from the distance measurement. The time interval between the first signal and the second signal should be small, so that the mobile unit has not moved significantly in terms of location during this time. The time interval can be selected by the mobile unit such that it is a predetermined multiple or a predetermined fraction of the time the mobile unit requires from receiving a signal to which it is to respond to until emitting the first signal.

[0068] The transmitting / receiving units 13 can also be connected to the analysis unit 11 via wireless or wired communication connections.

[0069] The mobile units 15 can, for example, communicate only via the transceiver units 13. Alternatively or additionally, they can communicate independently with the analysis unit 11 / MES 3 via additional communication connections 9 (e.g., a WLAN connection).

[0070] In general, the data communication of the transmitting / receiving units 13 and the mobile units 15 with the production control system 1, in particular with the MES 3, can be possible bidirectionally.

[0071] In some embodiments, WLAN transmitters can be integrated into the transceiver units 13 of the positioning system 5 for data access to the production control system 1, so that digital data can be accessed via the transceiver units 13 in the production hall via mobile devices, e.g., smartphones or tablets. The integration of the WLAN transmitters into the transceiver units 13 can simplify the installation and operation of a data communication system in the production hall.

[0072] The analysis unit 11 can, for example, serve as a central master positioning unit (also referred to herein as a "server"). This defines, for example, a communication frame for the UWB communication. The communication frame includes, among other things, the transmission time of the frame / UWB radio signals. In some embodiments, one of the transceiver units 13 can be configured as a master positioning unit.

[0073] In an exemplary implementation of indoor positioning, the master positioning unit transmits the communication frame for determining the position of one of the mobile units 15 to the transceiver units 13. This communication frame is used for the signal exchange for positioning between the mobile units 15 and the transceiver units. The position of the stationary transceiver units 13 relative to the master positioning unit is known to the transceiver units 13, for example, by querying a central database, so that the transceiver units 13 and the analysis unit 11 know the time offset between transmission and reception of the UWB radio signal via the signal propagation time.

[0074] After a predetermined time interval, e.g., 100 ms, the master positioning unit transmits a second communication frame, which is received by the transceiver units 13 and the mobile units 15. By recording the time from the start of reception of the first frame to the start of reception of the second frame, the transceiver units 13 and the mobile units 15 know what the master positioning unit understands to be, e.g., exactly 100 ms. The mobile units 15 and the transceiver units 13 can thus synchronize the frequency of their timing units with the master positioning unit.

[0075] After different, preconfigured time intervals (measured from the reception of the second frame), the mobile units 15 transmit a response frame. For example, a "Tag 1" transmits after 10 ms, a "Tag 2" after 20 ms, a "Tag 3" after 30 ms, etc. This radio transmission is received by the transceiver units 13, and the exact reception time relative to the start of transmission of the second frame from the master positioning unit is transmitted to the analysis unit 11. The analysis unit 11 then determines the position of the mobile units 15, e.g., using trilateration methods, and forwards this information to the MES 3.

[0076] A group of transceiver units 13 can be assigned to a master positioning unit, and the reception times can be transmitted to it. To detect positions in large production halls or across multiple buildings or rooms, multiple groups of transceiver units 13 can be provided, each assigned to its own master positioning unit. These master positioning units can, in turn, communicate with each other. Depending on the position of the mobile units 15, the reception times can be transmitted to different master positioning units (servers), and the trilateration can be performed with these different master positioning units.

[0077] Using the analysis of travel times and trilateration described above as an example, the indoor positioning system 5 can detect the position of one or more mobile units 15 via the transceiver units 13 using UWB technology. UWB technology uses frequency ranges of, for example, 3 GHz to 5 GHz, with UWB technology utilizing a relatively large frequency range to create signal waveforms (communication frames) with a sharp temporal delimitation. In order to be able to locate an object that emits radio waves as precisely as possible, a signal with very steep edges is required. This means that the signal represents a rectangular signal waveform over time rather than a sinusoidal waveform. This requires a signal in which several sinusoidal signals with different frequencies are superimposed.This is because several sinusoidal signals with different frequencies can be combined to form a signal with a steep slope and a substantially rectangular waveform over time. This means that several frequencies from a broadband frequency spectrum must be available to form a signal. Accordingly, UWB technology, which has a broadband frequency spectrum, is particularly suitable for precise localization. The technology and the usable frequency bands of UWB technology are described, for example, in the "IEEE 802.15-2015" standard.

[0078] Fig. 2 shows an example of a mobile unit 15. For the interaction of an operator with the mobile unit 15, the latter can have an electronically controllable display 17, for example an E-Ink display (also referred to as an electronic paper display), and / or one or more signal output devices 18 (LEDs) for outputting information.

[0079] For example, information about the order, readable by humans and / or machines, can be displayed on the display 17, encoded and / or in written form and / or as a figure. The display 17 can also be used as a signal output device for feedback to the user who moves the mobile unit 15 in one of the described ways (e.g., shakes it) or operates it (e.g., presses a button 19).

[0080] Another example of a signal output device is a device for outputting sound, in particular in the audible range, in particular for outputting speech information.

[0081] In general, the mobile unit 15 can have a modulatable signal source for generating modulated light, sound, or vibration signals as a signal output device. It can then be used—similar to the communication device described in German utility model DE 20 2016 106 352 U1—as a data-transmitting communication device for wirelessly transmitting data. With the aid of such a communication device, in particular a cameraless one, a correspondingly enhanced mobile unit, in conjunction with an electronic signal processing unit, can transmit, for example, access data. The communication device can have at least one sensor for receiving light, sound, or vibration signals, and the signal processing unit can be programmed to recover the data contained in received, modulated signals.

[0082] Furthermore, at least one signal input device (as shown in Fig. 2 a button 19 shown) for entering parameters.

[0083] The mobile unit 15 can further comprise a simple sensor for receiving light, sound, or vibration signals, in particular a brightness sensor, as a signal input device. It can then be used, as described, for example, in the aforementioned DE 20 2016 106 352 U1, as a data-receiving communication device for the wireless transmission of data, in particular access data, from a machine tool. For this purpose, the machine tool has at least one modulatable signal source for generating light, sound, or vibration signals that have been modulated according to the data to be transmitted. In some embodiments, for example, devices of the machine tool that the machine tool already has for machining the workpieces and that offer the possibility of generating sound, vibrations, or modulated light fluctuations with which data can be transmitted to the mobile unit 15 can be used.

[0084] In some embodiments, mobile unit 15 may include a transmitter and / or receiver for data transmission via electromagnetic induction and be configured to perform data processing according to a predefined protocol (e.g., via RFID, NFC: near field communication). This can be achieved with particularly cost-effective hardware components that can also be designed to be power-efficient. In general, near-field communication via NFC or RFID is a robust, fast, and wireless communication method in the near field.

[0085] Automated or assisted assignment can be made intuitive and process-reliable by additional sensors integrated into the mobile unit. However, the exemplary sensors described below can also be used profitably in other manufacturing contexts.

[0086] For example, gyroscopes, acceleration sensors, position sensors, vibration sensors, and / or magnetic sensors for the Earth's magnetic field can be provided. Other MEMS (micro-electro-mechanical system)-based sensors can also be integrated additionally or alternatively.

[0087] Such sensors can achieve more robust and accurate positioning through sensor fusion with the positioning system's position data. Furthermore, one sensor (or several together) can form the basis for interaction with a person, such as an operator, who can initiate gestures ("writing in the air") or targeted vibrations. This can be done in a location-dependent and context-dependent manner. A specific gesture in one zone can then trigger a different action than in another zone.

[0088] The evaluation of the mobile unit's sensors is particularly targeted and meaningful when placed in the context of the production environment. In the warehouse area, partial quantities are created; during welding, assembly, and joining, multiple sensors are combined. They can also be used for quality control and the identification of rejects.

[0089] Vibration sensors can be used to identify operator interactions and to identify vibration profiles (documenting the production environment for specific components) to optimize the production environment. They can also be used to detect earthquakes.

[0090] The mobile unit 15 may further comprise a camera 20 configured to capture images of workpieces and / or codes (e.g., barcodes or QR codes) on the workpieces or on other documents, tools, or products. In this way, workpieces and / or orders can be assigned to the mobile unit 15. Additionally, the mobile unit may comprise functionality for detecting, processing, and transmitting the camera data.

[0091] In some embodiments, the mobile unit 15 may include a sensor (load cell) for determining the weight of a workpiece and / or a workpiece collection point and / or the fill level of a workpiece collection point. Additionally, it may include functionality for processing and transmitting the correspondingly determined data. Furthermore, the fill level of a workpiece collection point may be monitored, for example, using magnetic induction, electrical capacitance, ultrasound, or a camera-based system, or a combination of these technologies.

[0092] The mobile unit 15 can further comprise a sensor for determining a magnetic field strength. It can also comprise functionality for processing and transmitting the data thus determined. Such a magnetic field sensor can be used to read a magnetic code, which is incorporated, for example, in a workpiece. In general, such sensors can serve as a basis for the unique identification of sheet metal components based on the specific structure of metals. An example of such a sensor is a Hall sensor. In general, such sensors can be designed for eddy current measurements. Corresponding methods for coding and reading such a code are disclosed, for example, in DE 102 48 142 B3 or DE 43 06 209 A1.

[0093] In some embodiments, mobile unit 15 may include a sensor and / or transmitter for receiving and / or transmitting data via an infrared (IR) interface. Additionally, it may include functionality for processing and transmitting such IR data. IR interfaces (IR diodes, IR LEDs, Bluetooth Low Energy) as communication interfaces are cost-effective and can be used in a very power-efficient manner.

[0094] The mobile unit 15 can also have a temperature sensor together with functionality for determining, processing, and transmitting temperature data. Since the location of the mobile unit 15 is known to the production control system, the production control system can use the temperature data to regulate the room temperature in the production hall. The production control system can record the temperature, in particular in every area of ​​the production hall in which a mobile unit with a temperature sensor is located, and can, for example, display it graphically or evaluate it for error conditions. For example, an unusual cold development when doors are open can be detected, or an alarm can be triggered in the event of unusual heat development. Similarly, the mobile units can form a decentralized network of humidity sensors to regulate the humidity in the production hall and / or brightness sensors to regulate the lighting in the production hall.In addition to using the mobile unit as a sensor for building control, such temperature and humidity sensors can enable documentation of the manufacturing conditions for a specific workpiece or generally for the operation of the manufacturing facility.

[0095] In some embodiments, the mobile unit 15 may additionally include a GPS sensor along with functionality for detecting, processing, and / or transmitting GPS data.

[0096] The mobile unit 15 can further comprise a gas sensor, in particular a smoke detector, along with functionality for detecting, processing, and / or transmitting gas analysis data. Thus, the mobile units, as smoke detectors, form a decentralized early warning system in the event of a fire or a machine defect.

[0097] In some embodiments, the mobile unit 15 can have a sensor for recognizing biological data, in particular person-specific data such as fingerprints or facial recognition data. The mobile unit 15 or the production control system can thus recognize individual persons. This allows, for example, setting the display of the mobile unit 15 to a language assigned to the person (e.g., the person's native language). Furthermore, certain information can be displayed only to specific persons, for example, depending on a job profile assigned to the person.

[0098] The mobile unit 15 can further comprise a sensor for detecting vital functions of a person, e.g., a nearby worker. For example, data regarding pulse / heartbeat, muscle contraction / stretching, and blood pressure can be recorded. The data allows monitoring of the person's physical condition and can provide information about their activity. The mobile unit 15 accordingly has the functionality to determine, process, and / or transmit data thus detected. Accordingly, the mobile unit worn by a person can monitor their condition.

[0099] In some embodiments, mobile unit 15 may include a sensor for detecting audio signals along with functionality for detecting, processing, and / or transmitting the data detected in this way. Thus, the mobile unit can be controlled via voice input, record, store, evaluate, and forward audio data to other mobile units.

[0100] The previously described sensors and functions on the mobile unit 15 can, for example, be activated or deactivated by the production control system. The activation of individual functionalities can be time-controlled as an option by the operator or distributor of the production control system in the form of a special licensing procedure. If, for example, a production facility operator wishes to use certain functions only for a specific period of time, e.g., temperature monitoring only when their production hall is not in operation, they can have this functionality activated for a specified period of time in accordance with the licensing procedure. This can, for example, be more cost-effective for them through the licensing procedure than if they used the functionality continuously. For the operator or distributor of the production control system, this can have the additional benefit of gaining a better understanding of the functionalities actually used by their customers.

[0101] Typically, the electronics of the mobile unit 15 are powered by a battery or rechargeable battery. A rechargeable battery can be charged through external contacts or contactlessly, e.g., inductively. Both can be achieved by enclosing the mobile unit 15 in a tightly enclosing housing to protect it from moisture and environmental influences. The mobile unit 15 can also have a device for charging the batteries that generates energy from environmental influences, e.g., so-called "energy harvesting" from temperature differences between the top and bottom, from rapid movements such as vibrations or shocks, or from existing electromagnetic waves (e.g., solar).

[0102] To conserve battery power, the mobile unit 15 can enter a standby mode in which, for example, it no longer transmits a UWB signal and / or deactivates reception. In some embodiments, it can exit standby mode independently. For example, if it has been moved, it can communicate a new location to the production control system.

[0103] In general, one or more of the described sensors can be used individually or in combination for such control processes. In particular, the sensors for position and acceleration detection are suitable for controlling such changes in operating mode.

[0104] In some embodiments, the mobile unit 15 may include a housing made of one of the following materials or a combination thereof: plastic, metal, and rubber. The housing may further include a resilient material such as rubber at its corners and / or edges to protect against damage. The latter may also serve to prevent slipping, for example, during transport.

[0105] The sensors described above provide machine-readable information that is reliably presented to the operator. The display unit of the mobile unit can be used as the information interface. Alternatively, a display of a production system or a display specifically provided in the production hall can be used. The data shown on the display unit of the mobile unit cannot always fully represent the entire information content of a workpiece, but it can present the data necessary for the corresponding production process in a context-based manner, for example, the next production process for logistics, part geometry for picking, and component tolerances for quality inspection. Display parameters such as size, color, movement, and flashing provide suitable means for emphasizing and supporting currently important information.

[0106] Furthermore, an LED can be provided on the mobile unit as an exposed element of human-readable information, which can visually communicate coded information to the human through different colors, flashing frequencies, or flashing patterns. A flashing LED, in particular, is easier to detect even at great distances than, for example, a display 17. Therefore, a signaling device such as an LED has particular advantages when, for example, a mobile unit 15 is being searched for. It can be remotely addressed by an operator and then make itself known via a signaling device. Additionally or alternatively, it can emit a sound signal. Such remote addressing can be carried out, for example, by another mobile unit or via another, particularly portable, device, e.g., a smartphone, tablet, or via the analysis unit 11. However, it can also be carried out directly, e.g., via near-field transmitters (e.g., Bluetooth, NFC, IR).

[0107] In the context of industrial production of workpieces in steel and / or sheet metal processing, the mobile units 15 are typically assigned to workpieces. Optionally, mobile units can be carried by people in production or attached to tools such as transport trolleys, machines, and tools, which also allows a (spatial and digital) assignment of the mobile unit to a person, e.g., a worker, or a tool to support and / or record processes. The digital assignment refers to person-specific or tool-specific information.

[0108] For example, Fig. 3 a transport carriage 21 with a workpiece 23 and a mobile unit 15'. The transport carriage 21 includes a storage area 24 for this or several such workpieces 23, which were produced by a machine tool as part of a machining plan. The mobile unit 15' displays, for example, information specific to these workpieces 23 on the display 17, which can be retrieved due to the digital assignment.

[0109] The mobile unit 15' is accordingly configured to receive information about the deposited workpieces 23, for example, from the MES 3, and to output it to an operator. For example, the mobile unit 15' is configured to receive information about the number of deposited workpieces 23, any remaining workpieces, a subsequent processing step, an underlying order (customer), target material, etc., and to output it on the display 17. The display 17 can be an energy-saving E-Ink display.

[0110] Furthermore, a signal or feedback can be provided by activating a signal-emitting device, for example, one or more LEDs or an acoustic signal source. Such signal-emitting devices are generally designed to output feedback signals to an operator.

[0111] Furthermore, the mobile unit 15' can (additionally) have signal input devices. For example, a vibration sensor (e.g., an acceleration sensor) and / or a position sensor can be provided as a signal input device.

[0112] Such mobile units, particularly in the form of such combined signaling, display, and location units, can be used as independent units in the manufacturing process flow. They can be spatially assigned to one or more workpieces 23 and then moved by an operator, together with the assigned workpieces 23, from processing step to processing step / from machine tool 7 to machine tool 7.

[0113] Such a mobile unit can also be integrated, particularly in the form of such combined signaling, display, and location units, into a transport trolley, a pallet, or generally a movable workpiece collection point unit. Together with these, it can be used as an independent unit in the manufacturing process flow. This unit can then be spatially assigned to one or more workpieces 23 (e.g., by positioning on it) and then used by an operator to move the assigned workpieces 23 from one processing step to the next / from machine tool 7 to machine tool 7.

[0114] The deployment of mobile units in production can be used in a variety of ways. Examples of usage scenarios are outlined below.

[0115] The mobile units are located via the transceiver units 13 using time-of-flight analysis. The transceiver units 13 are typically installed on the hall ceiling, hall walls, machine tools 7, storage structures, etc. The positions of the transceiver units 13 are stored, for example, in a digital floor plan of the production hall.

[0116] Fig. 4 shows a schematic digital layout plan 25 of an exemplary production hall equipped with several machine tools 7 of different types. Examples of machine tools 7 in steel and metal processing are cutting machines, in particular laser cutting machines, punching, grinding, bending machines, etc. The layout plan 25 also shows a workstation 26 that is networked to a very low degree, such as a manual workstation with simple machines, e.g., for drilling, sawing, milling, or bending, which have no networking or are only networked via a monitoring system, as described, for example, in DE 10 2016 220 015.1. Furthermore, the layout plan shows zones 27, 27', and barriers 29. The zones 27, 27', and barriers 29 were defined by an operator with regard to the use of the machine tools 7 and associated work processes.The barriers 29 extend spatially (e.g., linearly) within the production hall and define boundaries, crossing which by a mobile unit can trigger specific actions. Zones 27, 27', and barriers 29 can generally be assigned workpiece-specific or object / operator-specific properties. A control system as shown in . Fig. 4 The view shown can, for example, be schematically displayed on a screen (monitor) of a data processing device (e.g., a PC). When individual zones, barriers, or mobile units are activated on the monitor (e.g., using a cursor or, in the case of touchpads, by touch), status information can be displayed. Filtering can be performed for specific mobile units (e.g., all mobile units assigned to orders from a specific customer). The temperature distribution measured using temperature sensors on the mobile units can be displayed. The status of machines can be displayed, etc.

[0117] Thus, actions can be triggered using the spatial assignment in the production control system when a mobile unit is located within a specific zone or crosses a specific barrier. These actions can vary depending on the associated workpiece / object and its processing / processing status, generally due to the digital assignment. Zones 27, 27' and barriers 29 can also be color-coded on-site in the production hall.

[0118] Furthermore, the site plan 25 schematically shows workpiece collection points, for example, transport trolleys 21 or parts thereof, which are located, for example, near a machine tool 7 or in one of the zones 27. Furthermore, operators 31 who operate the machine tools 7 are schematically shown.

[0119] The digital floor plan 25 thus displays not only stationary elements (machine tools), but also movable elements (workpieces, transport carts, operators) due to the spatial and digital allocation of the mobile units. The integration of movable elements into the floor plan is made possible by interior location, for example, by assigning separate mobile units 15 to the transport carts 21 and operators 31.

[0120] Furthermore, the digital site plan 25 shows exemplary positions of several transmitting / receiving units 13. The positions are selected such that at least two (2D positioning) or three or more (3D positioning) transmitting / receiving units 13 are assigned to a corresponding area in the production hall to be covered by the indoor positioning. For example, runtime measurements for moving elements (or the assigned mobile units 15) are indicated by double arrows 33 in Fig. 4 clarified.

[0121] The primary application of the indoor location system 5 is the localization of workpieces 23, generally material, as well as mobile units used in production, such as transport trolleys 21, forklifts, tools, and other mobile devices. The fact that these objects can be more easily localized using the respective assigned mobile unit 15, utilizing the location information of the mobile unit, its spatial assignment, and digital assignment, which essentially only concerns the mobile unit and the type of assigned object, reduces or eliminates search times. The spatial information obtained about the objects also allows for the analysis of process sequences and the (over)use of tools, for example.

[0122] The location can be done in 2D or 3D. For example, if a 3D layout plan of the production hall is available (as in Fig. 4 (shown), vertical localization can also be performed in addition to the primary horizontal localization. Thus, in addition to the x and y coordinates in the horizontal plane, the height coordinate z must also be taken into account. 3D localization places specific demands on the transceiver units 13, which cover the area underlying the 3D localization, as well as on their positions in the production hall.

[0123] Fig. 5 shows a top view of another digital site plan 25' of another exemplary production hall. Several positions of transmitting / receiving units 13 (anchors) and several current positions of mobile units (tags) 15 can be seen. Furthermore, several zones 27 and barriers 29 can be seen. With the positioning system, the positions of the mobile units 15 can be displayed in the site plan 25', and their position relative to the zones 27 and the barriers 29 can be used for control purposes during the processing of workpieces. For this purpose, it is again necessary that a mobile unit 15 is assigned a workpiece (or a group of workpieces) or an operator, a means of transport, a tool, etc. The position of a production control device of the production control system 1 is indicated in a control area 30. The analysis unit 11 can be located here. A data processing device 30A (e.g.PC) with a screen (monitor) on which, for example, the one in . Fig. 4 or Fig. 5 The digital site plan shown is displayed 25 or 25'.

[0124] In particular, the digital assignment of a mobile unit to a workpiece (or an object used in production, such as a tool) can be achieved through various interactions with the production control system 1 (hereinafter also referred to as the production control system). The following examples are not in accordance with the invention and are merely illustrative. For example, in a user interface of the production control system, which is provided, for example, on a smartphone or tablet, the respective workpiece / object can be selected and assigned to the specific mobile unit by entering, for example, an associated reference number. Alternatively, after selecting a workpiece / object in the user interface, the mobile unit can be assigned to the mobile unit by activating an input key on the mobile unit (see, for example, key 19 in Fig. 2 ) and the associated data exchange of the mobile unit with the production control system.

[0125] According to the invention, the mobile unit is activated automatically or semi-automatically by a predetermined movement for activation, e.g., shaking, tapping, or vibrating it. Such a predetermined movement can, for example, be detected by an acceleration sensor additionally provided in the mobile unit. Furthermore, a semi-automated assignment can be carried out by manually identifying a specific mobile unit (e.g., by shaking the mobile unit) at a specific location (e.g., a defined zone 27). In this case, the production control can assign workpieces to be processed specifically to the specific location of the shaking, for example. For example, the production control can also link a mobile unit to a default object (e.g., an empty trolley) when the mobile unit is shaken in a defined assignment area (e.g., zone 27' in Fig. 4 ) close.

[0126] Furthermore, for example, by means of image processing, a picture of the mobile unit, which is provided with a marking such as a barcode (see display in Fig. 2 ), and the assigned workpiece / object the assignment can be made.

[0127] Furthermore, a graphical assignment can be made via a dialog displayed on the user interface.

[0128] Depending on the application, active or inactive mobile units can be used in the positioning system. Active mobile units continuously and cyclically communicate their position to the production control system at a desired repetition rate. Active, repeatedly (periodically) emitting transmitters are also referred to as "beacons." In contrast, an inactive mobile unit temporarily does not participate in location detection. This can be the case, for example, if the last presumed location of the mobile unit is known, the assigned workpiece is stored for an extended period, order processing is suspended, or longer idle times between processing operations are expected.

[0129] Sensors provided in the mobile unit, such as an acceleration sensor, a position sensor, or a sound sensor, can be used to monitor such states. In general, a change from the inactive to the active state can be triggered by (digital) signals or manual manipulation. Manual manipulation can occur, for example, by deliberately shaking the mobile unit (e.g., manually shaking it) or by starting the transport of the workpiece (transfer through a barrier 29). For active mobile units, any desired repetition rates can be defined for each mobile unit. Rule sets can be used to define meaningful behavior patterns for each mobile unit or the associated workpiece or object based on the context information.Context information can include, for example, zone affiliation, last passed spatial barriers, an active processing operation, a current time window (day / night / weekday) and a specific tag family.

[0130] In one usage scenario, a person, e.g., a processor, is to bend workpieces 23 according to an order. To do so, they access data from the production control system (MES; production execution system) and, for example, open the digital site plan 25, 25' of the production hall. If the workpieces have been provided with a mobile unit 15 (workpiece tag), the location of the workpieces 23 to be bent is displayed in the site plan 25, 25' using an assigned mobile unit 15. For example, the mobile unit 15 and the workpieces 23 were placed on a transport trolley 21, and the mobile unit 15 was assigned to both the workpieces 23 and the transport trolley 21. Accordingly, the transport trolley symbol can be displayed in the site plan, e.g., together with a schematic shape of the workpiece.

[0131] For clarification, Fig. 6 a sorting process by an operator 31 who sorts / places cut material from a laser cutting machine 7' onto the transport carriage 21'. A mobile unit 15' was activated according to a specific order (processing plan assignment) and assigned to the workpieces 23' (spatial assignment). After the sorting process has been completed, the operator 31, for example, activated a button on the mobile unit 15' so that the production control system is informed of the completion of the sorting process.

[0132] This allows the operator of the subsequent machine tool to know where in the production hall the workpieces can be found (using the location information of the mobile unit). Once the operator has arrived there, which is detected by a mobile unit carried by the operator and passed through a barrier 29' and forwarded to the production control system, and if several transport trolleys are positioned close together, the operator can identify the correct transport trolley. The production control system automatically activates an LED (signal emitting device) on the corresponding mobile unit, causing it to flash, for example. This optical signal allows the operator to identify the correct transport trolley and take it to their bending workstation. The pickup of the transport trolley is forwarded to the production control system, for example, as soon as the operator picks up the transport trolley 21' and pushes it over the barrier 29'.

[0133] The indoor tracking system also allows for the indexing of high-bay warehouses within the inventory. For example, a barometer on the mobile units (3D tag) can be used to identify the height of the mobile unit and thus the "row" in a warehouse. At least two transceiver units (2D tracking) can be used to identify the column of the warehouse. If mobile units are present in the warehouse structure, the respective storage compartment for, for example, a pallet equipped with the mobile unit can be directly stored in the production control system. Accordingly, an operator can locate the pallet directly by specifying the storage compartment. Alternatively, three or more transceiver units can be positioned in the high-bay warehouse in such a way that location determination in three-dimensional space is also possible.

[0134] The integration of the manufacturing supported by an indoor positioning system described herein is summarized in connection with Fig. 7 This will include, among other things, the Figuren 1 bis 3 and 6 reference is made.

[0135] Fig. 7 shows exemplary method steps of a method for production control of process sequences in the industrial processing of workpieces 23, wherein the method is supported by indoor location detection. For the method, indoor location detection as described above is provided accordingly (step 51), and assignment processes are carried out to assign a mobile unit 15 to one or more workpieces 23. The assignment processes include a mobile unit data assignment process (step 51A) - i.e., the digital assignment described above - and a spatial assignment process (step 51B) - i.e., the physical assignment described above.

[0136] The mobile unit data allocation process of step 51A is shown schematically in Fig. 1 indicated in the production control system 1. Machining plans 37 are stored in the production control system 1. A machining plan 37 can comprise—as examples of a machining plan assistance workpiece data record—a geometry data record 37A and / or a coding data record 37B identifying the workpiece. Furthermore, the machining plan 37 can comprise one or more machining and workpiece parameters 37C of the corresponding workpiece 23. Furthermore, the positioning system 5 provides mobile unit data records 39 to be assigned to the machining plans 37.

[0137] For the digital association, an image capture device 20, which is, for example, part of the mobile unit 15, may be provided (step 59A). Fig. 2 shows a schematic view of the image capture device 20 on the side wall of the mobile unit 15. For example, the image capture device 20 can be used to capture a printout of an order letter with a code or a code 57 on the workpiece 23—as an example of a machining plan-specific object—(step 59B). This capture is then transmitted from the mobile unit 15 to the production control system 1 via a communications system. In the production control system 1, the machining plan 37, which includes a corresponding code data record 37B, is identified (step 59C) and assigned to the mobile unit data record 39, which, for example, belongs to the mobile unit 15 with which the code was recorded (step 59D).

[0138] Alternatively, this type of digital mapping can be performed with any imaging device integrated into the manufacturing control system 1, whereby a mobile unit data record of any mobile unit can then be mapped to the identified machining plan.

[0139] The spatial allocation can be supported by an assistance system 41 provided on a tool machine 7 or generally at a workstation. Fig. 6 shows a machine tool 7 with an optical assistance system based on image data acquisition with a camera 35 and supporting the assignment of a workpiece to a mobile unit. Mobile units are provided to which machining plans have been assigned as part of a prior digital assignment (step 51A).

[0140] During assisted spatial assignment, the camera 35 detects an aborted workpiece 23 (step 61A) and generates a measuring assistance workpiece data record 41A (step 61B). The measuring assistance workpiece data record 41A is compared with the geometry data records 37A of the machining plans 37 in the production control system 1 (step 61C) in order to identify the machining plan 37 that belongs to the detected workpiece. The production control system 1 can then, for example, trigger the identified mobile unit to emit a signal (LED flashing, sound generation, etc.) to facilitate manual spatial assignment. Alternatively or additionally, the production control system 1 can initiate the deposit of the detected workpiece 23 at the identified mobile unit 15 as part of an automated merging of the mobile unit 15 and the detected workpiece 23 (step 61D).

[0141] After the assignment has been completed, the position of the assigned workpiece 23 is determined by locating the assigned mobile unit 15 with the indoor positioning system 5 (step 53). The determined position of the assigned mobile unit 15 is then integrated into the control system of the industrial production plant for manufacturing the final product (step 55). Additionally or alternatively, a position of a tool, a person, a means of transport, a machine tool, and / or a workpiece collection point unit can also be determined (steps 51', 51A', 51B', 53') and integrated into the control system of the industrial production plant.

[0142] The integration may, for example, comprise defining (step 55A) zones 27 and / or spatial barriers 29 in the production hall, in particular in a site plan 25, 25' of the production hall, and comparing (step 55B) the determined position with respect to the zones 27 and / or the spatial barriers 29.

[0143] In the floor plan of the production hall, for example, a zone (machine tool zone) can be created around machine tools / processing stations, such as the bending machine, in step 55A. This zone can be defined as a solid body (3D zone) that extends, for example, to a height of 1.5 m above the hall floor. If a transport trolley with workpieces and an associated mobile unit (trolley tag) containing workpieces belonging to an order is pushed into this zone, the production control system registers this in step 55B.

[0144] Supporting the production control of process sequences can include the integration options of the mobile unit discussed herein. For example, an additional transmission of signals can take place between the production control system 1 and the mobile unit 15 for the exchange of information. The signals can be generated by a signal input device 15A of the mobile unit 15—e.g., a sensor, a button 19, or the image capture device 20—or by signal output devices 15B of the mobile unit 15—e.g., a display unit 17, an LED, or a loudspeaker.

[0145] Furthermore, the support of the production control of process sequences via the production control system 1 can control machining parameters on the machine tools 7 or generally set production parameters which can, for example, also relate to the production hall or to subsequent data analysis.

[0146] As a further example of integration into production control, the production control system can register the associated machining order at the machining station (for example, at the bending machine) using the digital assignment of step 51A. Furthermore, other secondary actions can be initiated automatically. For example, an associated machining program can be automatically loaded into the machine tool. This can allow the machine tool (for example, a bending machine) to be automatically set up via a tool master. An associated screen can display the information required for the upcoming machining operation (work step) to an operator. For example, an image of the original shape of the workpiece as well as the bent shape of the workpiece, the number of workpieces to be bent and / or the subsequent machining operation, etc., can be displayed.

[0147] One advantage of machining in conjunction with defined zones and barriers is that the operator only needs to move the workpieces, marked with the corresponding mobile unit, into the corresponding machine tool zone, which automates the various preparatory steps. As mentioned above, the machine tool can, for example, be immediately and automatically adjusted to the new job to be processed. This can save considerable time and prevent errors.

[0148] If the operator now begins processing the workpieces for the order (for example, bending), they can take the mobile unit and attach it to active components of the machine tools, such as the bending beam. A further zone (posting zone) is defined there, which automatically starts processing the order and forwards this information to the production control system. For example, the bending operations performed can be monitored and saved for the order. Once all workpieces have been processed (bent), the mobile unit is removed from the posting zone, allowing the order to be recorded in the production control system as fully completed.

[0149] Here too, the use of the mobile unit in a tracking system can save considerable time, as the operator does not have to make complicated bookings at a terminal.

[0150] If a mobile unit interacts with the production control system or an operator activates additional functions (input keys, etc.) on a mobile unit, the operator can receive feedback or notifications from the mobile units via output media such as RGB LEDs, vibration, displayed text, or sound. For example, the status of a mobile unit or an associated job can be visualized, for example, by an LED lighting up green as long as the job is in the processing state. Furthermore, feedback or a notification can be sent to downstream processing stations. For example, the automatic booking of a completed machining operation can alert the downstream process that the parts are now ready and where they are located.In general, triggering actions such as booking via zones can be further enhanced so that, for example, workpieces can be monitored over time during the various processing operations.

[0151] If, in addition to the spatial position, the position in space of a mobile unit is measured, it is possible, for example, to distinguish whether a specific mobile unit is lying horizontally or standing upright. This allows further interaction with the production control system. For example, a trolley containing workpieces from multiple orders (i.e., several different workpieces that require different processing, for example) and multiple mobile units can be pushed into a zone. If not all orders are to be processed at the same time, a specific order that should be processed first, for example, can be communicated to the production control system by positioning the corresponding mobile unit vertically.

[0152] Another way to provide feedback to the production control system via the mobile unit is to shake the mobile unit as already mentioned or to perform specific gesture-like movements.

[0153] Furthermore, it is possible to trigger events or indicate upcoming events based on the number of mobile units located in one or more zones (e.g., currently active and / or inactive mobile units). For example, picking processes or transport tasks can be triggered.

[0154] In addition to stationary zones, zones can also move dynamically with one or more mobile units. This allows, for example, the transport of multiple load carriers (transport trolleys), and the orders carried can be treated collectively as a cluster by the production control system.

[0155] Furthermore, a mobile unit can be attached to a hand tool (tool tag) (spatial assignment) and digitally assigned to the tool itself, making it easier to locate it. Furthermore, an acceleration sensor incorporated into such a tool tag can be used to determine when and / or how the hand tool is used.

[0156] By determining the tool's position, it is also possible to measure the tool's movement through space (trajectory information / evaluation). This can generate information about how many components have been processed or whether a processing step has been missed, etc.

[0157] Furthermore, additional data can be transmitted via the tracking system, for example error messages due to corresponding movement patterns of a mobile unit, e.g. in a defined error zone.

[0158] Another usage scenario concerns the recording of process states characterized by the positions of workpieces, people, machines, and other equipment, which can be captured through cognitive analysis of these measured positions. In general, the location and sensor data, as well as the information regarding zones and barriers, allow for a wide range of evaluation options. For example, using such raw data, it is possible to generate key performance indicators (KPIs) and conduct detailed analyses to optimize production processes. These analyses (e.g., KPIs) can be presented in the form of heat maps, as a live view, or in aggregate form. Additional evaluation diagrams, such as spaghetti charts, are immediately available for various processing operations. This allows standard key performance indicators, which often require a great deal of effort to collect, to be made available at the push of a button, such as:B. throughput time, value stream analysis, etc. In addition, production processes can be improved on the basis of the location information obtained using numerical optimization methods.

[0159] The use of the tracking system also allows people to be located if they are carrying a mobile unit (person tag). In addition to workpieces and tools, the location of people (as a whole or local location of legs, arms, and hands) provides valuable information about production processes. Examples of possible applications include the monitoring of safety-critical areas to protect people, especially operators. Furthermore, movement patterns can be generated, which in turn can be evaluated, for example, to improve processes or the ergonomics of operators' workplaces. In particular, the synchronous evaluation of both hands of a person, especially an operator or operator, allows detailed information about the production process and the workpiece to be recorded. This allows the detection of a processor has accessed a position X; a processor has transported a specific workpiece from A to B; a processor has placed a specific workpiece at a position Y; a manufacturing process such as drilling, pressing, ... has been carried out x times; a manufacturing process such as deburring, welding, ... has been carried out on a workpiece on a specific trajectory; a joining process has been carried out at a specific position.

[0160] Different mobile units can have specific relationships with one another. For example, within a specific manufacturing process, such mobile units can be grouped into families of mobile units in order to define basic (behavior) patterns for a certain number of mobile units. Families can, for example, be assigned to an order, an assembly, a subsequent process for workpieces, or an associated load carrier (transport trolley, pallet, collection container). Family membership can be changed dynamically during an ongoing processing operation. Mobile units can belong to different families simultaneously. Furthermore, families of mobile units can relate to a specific connection, for example, all load carriers, all means of transport, all operators, all workpieces, all machines, etc., or a family of mobile units may concern a specific status of a mobile unit, for example a charging status of the mobile units.

[0161] Accordingly, the analysis and recording of process states can be based on the evaluation of such families of mobile units.

[0162] The expansion of a manufacturing facility disclosed herein with indoor location and interfaces to the production control system can be used to determine the position of the workpiece collection point units and / or to record the movement of an operator's hand. Such location via an ultra-wideband system can be constructed from four or more "anchors" and one or more "tags." The anchors serve as receivers and can be positioned stationary around the workspace. The tags are attached to, for example, all workpiece collection point units and, for example, the operator's hand, and are used to determine their position. Other systems for indoor location include, for example, Bluetooth, Wi-Fi, infrared, and RFID.

[0163] If the workpiece collection point unit is integrated into a tracking system, tracking can be enabled using a corresponding system in the machine tool hall, in which several processing machines and / or workstations are provided, via transmitter-receiver systems.

[0164] An operator monitoring and controlling the machining process in a control center can see on their monitoring monitor where a specific order currently stands in the process chain and what its current status is. They can also directly access the display unit to adjust displayed data (workpiece information) such as preferences, work steps, etc. Alternatively or additionally, this can also be done locally using an input device on the workpiece collection point unit (e.g., buttons, switches, touchpad) or via a data interface that provides access to an external, e.g., mobile input device (smartphone, iPad, smartwatch, etc.). Accordingly, the workpiece collection point unit has, for example, a near-field radio network (Bluetooth, NFC). This can also be used, for example, as part of a near-field location system to locate the workpiece collection point unit. The latter makes it easier to find a workpiece collection point unit if, for example, it is lost.is hidden in a variety of workpiece collection point units. For example, the workpiece collection point unit is specifically controlled so that the signaling device (e.g., a bright LED) is activated.

[0165] Near-field location can also be used, for example, in sorting, by locating the location of a hand (especially an intelligent glove that interacts with the location system) from the workpiece collection point unit. If an operator's "hand" removes a component from the scrap skeleton, the component location is recorded in the MES from the scrap skeleton to the hand. If the hand moves near a location system of the workpiece collection point unit, the MES records that this part has been deposited at the corresponding workpiece collection point unit. On the one hand, the location system can detect that the hand with the workpiece came close. On the other hand, a higher-level system (e.g., the MES) can link the workpiece collection point unit and the hand position.

[0166] In Fig. 8 exemplary process steps of an industrial production of an end product are shown, which can be carried out with a production control system disclosed herein, in particular the MES 3.

[0167] In a first step 80, a production order (with a processing plan 37) for manufacturing a final product from a workpiece 23 is received by the MES 3, which is implemented, for example, in a data processing device 30A. In a subsequent step 81, individual processing steps are selected using the MES 3. In a further step 82, the MES 3 (or an operator) selects a sequence in which the processing steps are to be performed. The processing steps can be one or more of the following operations: cutting, in particular laser cutting, punching, bending, drilling, thread cutting, grinding, joining, welding, riveting, screwing, pressing, and edge and surface treatment.

[0168] In a further step 83, the data-technical assignment of each of the processing steps to a machine 7 or a workstation unit takes place. The workstation unit can be a workstation 26 as described above, in particular a manual workstation.

[0169] In a further step 84, the data-technical assignment of the production order to a mobile unit data record 39, which is stored in the MES 3 for a mobile unit, takes place. This step 84 can be Fig. 7 correspond to step 51A shown. Step 84 can in particular also take place earlier, e.g. after one or more of the previously described method steps.

[0170] In a further step 85, a workpiece 23 is manufactured, which is at least partially a part of the final product, in particular after a first of the processing steps on the machine 7 or workstation unit assigned to this processing step. For example, a part of the production order is cut from a sheet metal. Since milling or punching may also be necessary as a subsequent processing step, this workpiece 23 may contain even more material than the final product, thus only partially forming the final product or being a part of it.

[0171] In a further step 86, the spatial allocation of the mobile unit 15 assigned to the production order to the manufactured workpiece 23 takes place. This step 86 can be Fig. 7 shown step 51B. In a further step 87, a change in the status of the production order is saved in the MES 3.

[0172] In an optional step 88, the position of the mobile unit 15 is stored for the production order.

[0173] In a further step 89, the workpiece 23 is transported together with the mobile unit 15 to the next machine 7 or the next workstation unit in the predetermined sequence according to the production order. This can be done as a result of an instruction from the MES 3 by a person or by an automated transport process.

[0174] In a further step 90, this processing step is carried out on the machine 7 or workstation unit assigned to it.

[0175] In an optional step 91, the position of the mobile unit 15 for this production step is saved in the production order.

[0176] In a further step 92, a change in the status of the production order is saved again in MES 3.

[0177] In a further step 93, a decision is made as to whether process step 89, i.e., transport to a further processing step, should be continued or whether production is finished.

[0178] During these production steps, the mobile unit 15 can always be located using the location system 5 based on electromagnetic signals controlled by the MES 3. This allows the MES 3 to have access to data such as the current status and location of the workpiece 23 at any time. The MES 3, mobile unit 15, and location system 5 can, in particular, be configured as described above.

[0179] All the method steps described above, which are carried out by a production control system, a production control system, a location system or by the MES 3, can also be implemented by means of one or more data processing devices which have means for carrying out the method steps.

Claims

1. A method for the production control of process operations, supported by inner space location determination, in the industrial processing of workpieces (23) in steel and / or sheet metal processing in a production hall for production of an end product, with the steps providing (step 51) an inner space location determination system (5) with a plurality of transmitter-receiver units (13) installed in a fixed manner in the production hall, at least one mobile unit (15) and an analysis unit (11), wherein the transmitter-receiver units (13) and the mobile unit (15) are designed for transmitting and receiving UWB radio signals and the analysis unit (11) is designed for determining the positions of the mobile unit (15) in the production hall from the transit times of the UWB radio signals between the transmitter-receiver units (13) and the mobile unit (15), wherein the mobile unit (15) further has at least one of the following sensors: an acceleration sensor, a position sensor, a MEMS-based sensor, a barometer sensor, assigning (step 51A, 51B) the mobile unit (15) to at least one workpiece (23), wherein the mobile unit (15) is executed as an electronic component and has its own timing unit for determining transit times, wherein the assignment is effected by activating the mobile unit (15) by means of a predetermined movement for activation, determining (step 53) the position of the at least one assigned workpiece (23) in the production hall by localizing the assigned mobile unit (15) with the inner space location determination system (5) and integrating (step 55) the determined position into the production control of the industrial production plant for producing the end product, further with integrating a signal from the sensor into the control system for production of the end product, wherein a movement or orientation signal is used for assigning the mobile unit (15) to the at least one workpiece (23), wherein the movement or orientation signal is generated by shaking the mobile unit (15) and / or specific positions of the mobile unit (15) and / or by performing specified gestures with the mobile unit (15).

2. The method according to one of the preceding claims, wherein the mobile unit (15) is assigned a plurality of workpieces and / or the mobile unit (15) is not firmly connected to the at least one workpiece (23).

3. The method according to one of the preceding claims, wherein the mobile unit (15) further has a signal output unit, an optical signal unit, an acoustic signal unit and / or a vibration signal unit, further with outputting information for processing the at least one workpiece (23) with the signal output unit, wherein information about the number of workpieces (23), workpieces still missing, a subsequent processing step, an underlying order, a customer and / or target material is optionally outputted.

4. The method according to one of the preceding claims, further with assigning the mobile unit (15) to an operator (31), a means of transport (21), a machine tool (7) or a tool, determining the position of a mobile unit (15) assigned to an operator (31), a means of transport (21), a machine tool (7) or a tool using the inner space location determination system (5), and integrating the determined position into the control system for production of an end product in the industrial production plant and / or into a motion analysis of the operator (31), the means of transport (21), the machine tool (7) or the tool.

5. The method according to one of the preceding claims, wherein the integration of the determined position into the control system for producing an end product comprises one or a plurality of the following steps: - emitting signals to support location determination; - displaying information about the production status on a mobile output device such as a tablet, smartphone, or monitoring monitor; - adjusting the operating parameters of a machine tool (7); - updating a log that records the production; - assigning the mobile unit (15) to an order for the production of one or a plurality of end products in a plurality of different work steps; - controlling and / or monitoring a processing of the at least one workpiece (23) in a plurality of different work steps which are carried out at different locations within the production hall; a transporting of the at least one workpiece (23) between different work steps that are performed at different locations within the production hall; a processing of the at least one workpiece (23) at workstations that are networked with or integrated into the production control; and / or a processing of the at least one workpiece (23) at workstations that are not networked with or integrated into the production control.

6. An inner space location determination system (5) for supporting the production control of process operations in the industrial production of workpieces (23) in steel and / or sheet metal processing, in a production hall with a plurality of transmitter-receiver units (13) firmly installed in the production hall, at least one mobile unit (15); and an analysis unit (11), wherein the transmitter-receiver units (13) and the at least one mobile unit (15) are designed for transmitting and receiving UWB radio signals, wherein the mobile unit (15) is executed as an electronic component and has its own timing unit for determining transit times, wherein the mobile unit (15) further comprises at least one of the following sensors: an acceleration sensor, a position sensor, a MEMS-based sensor, a barometer sensor, and wherein the analysis unit (11) is designed to determine transit times of the UWB radio signals between the transmitter / receiver units (13) and the at least one mobile unit (15) and to determine the position of the at least one mobile unit (15) in the production hall from the transit times of UWB radio signals, to integrate a signal from the sensor into the control system for production of the end product, wherein a movement or orientation signal is used to assign the mobile unit (15) to the at least one workpiece (23), wherein the assignment is effected by activating the mobile unit by means of a predetermined movement for activation, wherein the movement or orientation signal is generated by shaking the mobile unit (15) and / or specific positions of the mobile unit (15) and / or by performing specified gestures with the mobile unit (15).

7. The inner space location determination system (5) according to claim 6, wherein the at least one mobile unit (15) has a display unit which is designed to display information of the at least one workpiece assigned to the mobile unit (15) and / or the position of the at least one mobile unit (15) in a layout plan of the production hall and / or further designed with a display unit for displaying the position of the at least one mobile unit (15) in a layout plan of the production hall, which was determined by a production control system (1) for controlling production processes in a production hall.

8. A production control system (1) for controlling production processes in a production hall of an industrial production plant for processing steel and / or sheet metal, with an inner space location determination system (5) according to claim 6 or 7, wherein the inner space location determination system (5) is designed for exchanging and providing data on the position of at least one mobile unit in the production hall as part of the production control system (1), and the production control system (1) is designed to assign the position obtained of the at least one mobile unit (15) to at least one workpiece (23) and to incorporate it into the production control.

9. The production control system (1) according to claim 8, further with a display unit that is designed for displaying the position of the at least one mobile unit (15) in a layout plan (25) of the production hall.

10. The production control system (1) according to claim 8 or 9, wherein the production control system (1) is further configured to execute a method according to one of claims 1 to 7.

11. A use of an inner space location determination system (5) according to claim 6.

12. The use of an inner space location determination system (5) according to claim 11, wherein the inner space location determination system (5) is further used to assign one of the mobile units (15) to an operator (31) in production, a means of transport for workpieces (23), a machine tool (7) and / or a tool.

13. A method for the industrial production of an end product by means of a production control system (1), comprising a method according to one of claims 1 to 5, with the steps: - receiving a production order for production of the end product from a workpiece with an MES (3) of the production control system (1) implemented in a data processing device, - selecting individual processing steps with the MES (3), - determining a sequence of processing steps with the MES (3), wherein the processing steps comprise one or a plurality of the following operations: cutting, laser cutting, punching, bending, drilling, thread cutting, grinding, joining, welding, riveting, screwing, pressing, treating the edges and surfaces; - assigning processing steps to a machine (7) or a workstation unit (26) in a data-driven manner, - assigning the production order to a mobile unit data record (39) in the MES (3) in a data-driven manner, - producing a workpiece (23) for the end product, wherein it is processed to become part of the end product after a first of the processing steps on the machine (7) or workstation unit (26) assigned to the processing step, - spatially assigning the mobile unit (15) assigned to the production order to the finished workpiece (23), - storing a status change of the production order in the MES (3), - transporting the finished workpiece (23) together with the mobile unit (15) in accordance with the production order to the next machine (7) or workstation unit (26) in the predetermined sequence, - performing the processing step on this machine (7) or workstation unit (26), - storing a status change of the production order in the MES (3), and - performing the processing steps of the production order with the MES (3), wherein the position of the mobile unit (15) can be determined at any time by the MES (3) with the help of the location determination system (5) based on UWB radio signals, and the MES (3) has data on the current status and the current position of the workpiece (23) at any time.