CANDLE WITH A COMPOSTABLE PLASTIC ELEMENT

Description

[0001] The present invention relates to a method for producing a candle comprising a combustible material and a wick and a cup-like vessel, wherein the cup-like vessel is formed at least partially from a biopolymer based on gelatin, characterized in that a mold of the cup-like vessel to be produced is immersed one or more times into the liquid biopolymer based on gelatin until a desired material thickness is achieved.

[0002] Currently, candles, especially tealights, are provided in an aluminum container or an injection-molded polycarbonate container. However, the production of these candles is very complex, and a large amount of environmentally harmful packaging waste is generated. This problem arises particularly in churches, temples, and cemeteries, where candles are used in large numbers. Another application example is floating candles, which are burned on bodies of water according to religious customs. Reference can be made to DE 20 2012 102360 U1, DE 42 42 509 A1, US 2003 / 0134244 A1, US 2015 / 056562 A1, US E20 434 E1, WO 00 / 56846 A1, and WO 2016 / 128490 A1.

[0003] It was therefore the object of the present invention to provide a candle which does not have the disadvantages of the prior art.

[0004] This problem is solved by the method according to patent claim 1.

[0005] A candle is described comprising a combustible material and a wick and a plastic element, wherein the plastic element consists at least partially or completely of a biopolymer, in particular gelatin and / or polysaccharide and / or cellulose.

[0006] Also described is a method for producing a candle comprising a combustible material, a wick, and a plastic element, the plastic element being formed at least partially or entirely from a biopolymer. The present description relates to a candle comprising a wick, a combustible material, and a plastic element. The plastic element preferably has a base and a wall region. The base and wall regions are preferably provided as one piece, but can alternatively be provided in multiple parts, the base and wall regions being connected to one another, in particular glued, nested, or non-positively connected. According to the invention, the plastic element is a cup-like vessel that at least partially, preferably completely, accommodates the combustible material. The plastic element can be designed as a trough.The outer circumference of the plastic element, in particular the wall area, can also be at least partially enclosed by the combustible material. For the candle to burn, the plastic element is not separated from the combustible material, but represents an important element of the candle, for example to prevent the combustible material from spreading uncontrollably and / or for example for fire protection, for example to prevent the wick from coming into contact with the support surface of the candle. According to a further preferred embodiment, the plastic element is a wick holder. The wick holder can be connected to the wick, in particular to one end of the wick. Particularly preferably, the wick holder is connected to the bottom of a cup-like plastic element or a cup-like metal element.

[0007] The combustible material is in particular wax, for example beeswax, stearin and / or paraffin, i.e. in particular hardened or refined vegetable and / or animal fats, wax-like materials and / or technical wax mixtures. The wick is surrounded by the combustible material. The combustible material is initially solid and is at least partially liquefied by the heat given off by the burning wick. The combustible material preferably does not contain any colorings. The combustible material is preferably mixed with one or more fragrances. The combustible material is preferably mixed with an additive that causes a flame coloration. This advantageously makes it possible to provide a white or colored candle, in particular also a candle which is colored even when lit, i.e. has a colored flame. If the material from which the hollow orthe material is made of colored material, an aesthetically pleasing overall color impression is achieved.

[0008] If the candle is closed, liquid fuels can also be used at room temperature, especially at 14 to 26°C.

[0009] In principle, all common fuel materials known to the expert, such as lamp oils based on mineral oil, petroleum or paraffin, can be considered.

[0010] Vegetable oils, preferably rapeseed oil, sunflower oil, olive oil or mixtures of at least two of these aforementioned materials are preferably used as liquid fuels.

[0011] These liquid fuels can be colorless or contain one or more colorants to create an aesthetically pleasing effect. The liquid fuel can preferably be mixed with one or more fragrances. The liquid fuel can preferably be mixed with an additive that imparts flame coloration. This advantageously makes it possible to provide a white or colored candle, in particular a candle that is colored even when lit, i.e., has a colored flame. The material from which the bowl or the material is made can also be colored.

[0012] The liquid fuel preferably contains a fragrance whose scent develops and / or changes as the fuel burns. Alternatively or additionally, the liquid fuel contains a dye that disperses, is activated, or changes the overall color impression as the fuel burns.

[0013] Liquid fuels are significantly more cost-effective than, for example, hardened, refined waxes made from mineral oil or vegetable fats. Another advantage, especially of vegetable oils, is that they are obtained from renewable raw materials and burn very cleanly, especially soot-free. The use of liquid fuels eliminates some processing steps in their production compared to solid fuels, making them more time- and energy-efficient.

[0014] Another major advantage of using liquid fuels is that candles containing these fuels can be burned at colder temperatures than candles containing solid fuels, for example, at temperatures as low as -25°C, -10°C, -5°C, or 0°C. This is particularly advantageous for all applications where the candle is burned in cool outdoor conditions or in cool rooms, such as floating candles, cemetery candles, churches, or temples.

[0015] According to the invention, the plastic element consists entirely or at least partially of a biopolymer based on gelatin. According to the invention, mixtures of two or more biopolymers can also be used, whereby mixtures of two or more biopolymers from different classes, for example, gelatin and polysaccharides, gelatin and cellulose, or gelatin and polysaccharides and cellulose, are also possible. These materials have the further advantage that the resulting plastic elements can be manufactured vegan, kosher, and / or halal.

[0016] According to the invention, the plastic element consists at least partially of gelatin or mixtures of two or more of these biopolymers. The biopolymer content in the material from which the plastic element is made is preferably > 70 wt.%, preferably > 80 wt.%, even more preferably > 90 wt.%, and most preferably > 95 wt.%. In particular, the plastic element can also consist entirely of biopolymer.

[0017] According to the invention, the plastic element is even more preferably made at least partially of gelatin and polysaccharide and / or cellulose. The gelatin and polysaccharide and / or cellulose content of the material from which the plastic element is made is preferably >70 wt.%, preferably >80 wt.%, even more preferably >90 wt.%, and most preferably >95 wt.%. In particular, the plastic element can also be made entirely of biopolymer.

[0018] According to the invention, the plastic element most preferably consists at least partially of gelatin and hydroxypropylmethylcellulose and / or pullulan. Preferably, the gelatin and hydroxypropylmethylcellulose and / or pullulan content of the material from which the plastic element is made is > 70 wt.%, preferably > 80 wt.%, even more preferably > 90 wt.%, and most preferably > 95 wt.%. In particular, the plastic element can also consist entirely of biopolymer.

[0019] Gelatin is preferably an animal protein, preferably a mixture of substances. The main component is denatured or hydrolyzed collagen, which can be produced from the connective tissue of various animal species, primarily pigs and cattle, but also fish and poultry. However, the gelatin can also be vegetable gelatin, which is usually a polysaccharide.

[0020] According to the invention, the gelatin used is in particular gelatin as it is used in the field of pharmaceutical technology for the production of hard gelatin or soft gelatin capsules.

[0021] Preferably, the gelatin in the plastic product has a water content of 6-20 wt%, more preferably 9-18 wt%, much more preferably 10-16 wt% and most preferably 12-16 wt%.

[0022] Preferably, the gelatin used to produce the plastic product can have a bloom value of 50-300, particularly preferably 150-280 bloom or 180-280.

[0023] Preferably, the gelatin is hardened and / or rendered water-insoluble. Alternatively, the gelatin is hardened and / or temporarily water-insoluble or temporarily moisture-resistant. Temporarily water-insoluble or temporarily moisture-resistant gelatin is understood to mean, for example, gelatin that shows signs of decomposition after a certain period of time, for example, after 1-14 days, in particular 1-7 days, preferably 1-5 days.

[0024] This can be achieved, for example, by cross-linking the product with one or more chemicals, in particular a process that effectively increases the molecular weight of the protein. Suitable for this purpose are, for example, alginic acid alkylene glycol derivatives, sodium peroxide oxidized alginic acid, amylopectin dialdehyde octenyl succinate, bisacryloylurea, bis(azidine ethyl)sulfone, bis(bromoacetyl)ethylenediamine, bis(chloromethyl)adipate, bis(chloromethyl)diethylmalonate, bis(chloroacetyl)dimethylenediamine, benzenedisulfonyl fluoride, bromoacetic acid, carbodiimides, carboxylbenzyl bromide, bis(chloroethyl)urea, chromium acetate and alums, cyanuric chloride, dialdehyde starch treated with caustic soda, dichlorohydroxy-s-triazine, sodium salt, dichloroquinoxoline carbonyl chloride, diethylene urea, diformyldihydroxytrioxanonane, ditrioxynaphthalene, difluorodinitrobenzene, dihydroxydioxane, diglycidyl mono(propylene chlorohydrin) ether of glycerol, dihydroxymaleic acid, Di(maleimido)benzene, di(maleimido)hexane, dimaleimide,Dimethylaminophosphoryl, bis(dimethylamino)phosphoryl chloride, dimethylbis(vinylsulfonyl)benzene, disodium salt, tris(sulfatetyl)sulfonium inner ether salts, ethylene glycol, ethoxymethyl isocyanate, formalin (formaldehyde), fluorosulfonyl azetophenone, glycerin, gum arabic, for example oxidized with periodic acid, glutaraldehyde, hydroxytetramethylhydrooxazonium chloride, lactic acid, methotoluenesulfonate, mono-IO-bromoethyl maleate, methylenediethanesulfonamide, methanesulfonic acid halogen alcohol esters, mercaptoethyl aziridine, methyl glucanopyranoside, naphthalenedisulforyl fluoride, pectic acid, peroxydisulfate, phenolformaldehyde resins, phenyltriazinidinylsilane, phloroformalin, phosphonitrile chloride, phloroglucinol, polyurethane, polyformal(s), polyacrolein, polyvinyl maleate, Potassium permanganate, potassium ferrocyanide, pyromellitic anhydride, resorcinol diglycidyl ether, resorcinol, saccharide(s), sulfanilinodichloro-s-triazine, sodium hypochlorite, sodium salt of dichlorohydroxytriazine, stearylaminobenzoyl acetic acid, sucrose,oxidized with periodate, tannin, tetrahydroxyphenol, trimellitic anhydride, trimethylenebis(isomaleimide), tris(chloroacetyl)hexahydrotriazine, tetraisopropyl titanate and / or a mixture of at least two of the above-mentioned substances.

[0025] Polysaccharide is the main component of plant cell walls. The polysaccharide is preferably provided in the form of cellulose, for example, methylcellulose and / or hydroxypropylmethylcellulose and / or cellulose acetate. Other cellulose-based compounds are also conceivable. Alternatively, the polysaccharide can be provided in the form of pullulan. The polysaccharide can be provided as a mixture of several substances. Furthermore, the plastic element can consist entirely or partially of cellulose, for example, methylcellulose and / or hydroxypropylmethylcellulose and / or cellulose acetate. Other cellulose-based compounds are also conceivable.

[0026] Celluloses also include their derivatives, in particular cellulose ethers, which are formed by partial or complete substitution of the hydrogen atoms of the hydroxyl groups in cellulose. These cellulose ethers can preferably be selected from the group consisting of carboxymethylcellulose, methylcellulose, ethylcellulose, hydroxyethylcellulose, hydroxypropylcellulose, methylethylcellulose, hydroxyethylmethylcellulose, hydroxypropylmethylcellulose, ethylhydroxyethylcellulose, and carboxymethylhydroxyethylcellulose. According to the invention, mixtures of two or more of these cellulose ethers can also be used.

[0027] Hydroxypropylmethylcellulose is particularly preferred. A suitable hydroxypropylmethylcellulose is also used, for example, in the production of vegan hard capsules in the field of pharmaceutical technology.

[0028] Preferably, the hydroxypropylmethylcellulose in the plastic product has a water content of 1-23 wt.%, more preferably 1.5-20 wt.%, much more preferably 2.0-15 wt.%, and most preferably 2.5-10 wt.%.

[0029] According to the invention, the term "plastic" is understood below to mean a plastic based on gelatin and / or polysaccharide and / or cellulose, in particular a plastic based on gelatin and / or hydroxypropylmethylcellulose and / or pullulan. According to the invention, a mold of the plastic element to be produced is immersed one or more times in a liquid biopolymer, based on gelatin, in particular a liquid plastic mass, until the desired material thickness is achieved.

[0030] The plastic material then solidifies, for example, by drying, heat and / or cold treatment, and / or crosslinking, for example, using IV or UV radiation, until the biopolymer, in particular the plastic, has solidified sufficiently to allow its use as a plastic element for candles. By repeatedly immersing the mold, a plastic element with multiple layers can be created. The mold can be immersed successively in various liquid biopolymers. The layers created by immersion in different liquid biopolymers can differ in terms of their optical properties, UV resistance, hardness, flammability, and / or impermeability to liquids.

[0031] In this context, it has proven advantageous if the mold is a dipping mold of the plastic element, wherein the dipping mold has an outer contour with a dipping region which is dipped into the liquid biopolymer. The dipping region preferably corresponds to a negative of the inner contour of the plastic element to be produced. During the manufacturing process, the dipping region of the outer contour is coated with a layer of the biopolymer. In a further step, the mold can be removed from the liquid biopolymer. The layer of biopolymer that coats the outer contour of the mold can solidify and be dried. A corresponding process is known, for example, in the pharmaceutical field as the Colton process for producing pharmaceutical capsules.In particular, the coated shape can be controlled in one or more dimensions during solidification and / or drying in order to specifically adjust the design of the plastic element, in particular the shape and / or the thickness.

[0032] The solidified plastic element can then be connected to the combustible material and / or the wick.

[0033] According to an advantageous embodiment of the method according to the invention, the shape is formed by the combustible material of the candle. The combustible material can be immersed in the liquid biopolymer once or several times. The combustible material can be partially immersed in the liquid biopolymer. In this way, a cup-like vessel can be produced from the biopolymer, the inner contour of which is adapted to the outer contour of the combustible material. Alternatively, it is possible to immerse the combustible material completely in the liquid biopolymer, thus forming an encapsulated container for the combustible material. Preferably, the wick of the candle is already connected to the combustible material when the combustible material is immersed in the liquid biopolymer.Particularly preferably, the combustible material is held by the wick during immersion so that the combustible material can be drawn out of the liquid biopolymer by means of the wick.

[0034] Preferably, the material from which the plastic element is made is non-flammable and / or flame-retardant. Despite these non-flammable or flame-retardant properties, the plastic element is in particular still biodegradable. Particularly preferably, the material from which the plastic element is made corresponds to a fire protection classification according to the UL94 V0, V1 or V2 standard and / or according to the IEC / DIN EN 60 695-11-10 or IEC / DIN EN 60 695-11-20 standards. For this purpose, the biopolymer, in particular the gelatin and / or the polysaccharide and / or the cellulose, preferably comprises a flame-retardant substance that imparts a higher fire protection class. This substance can be provided in solid or liquid form. The substance can be chemically and / or physically bound to the gelatin and polysaccharide and / or the cellulose and / or can be enclosed, for example, like a microcapsule, by the gelatin and polysaccharide and / or cellulose.

[0035] The plastic element made of gelatin and polysaccharide and / or cellulose can be solid at room temperature, i.e. elastic, and at most only slightly deformable.

[0036] Alternatively, the plastic element can be elastically deformed, for example in a gel-like form.

[0037] According to a preferred example, the plastic element is made from a polysaccharide known as pullulan. The composition from which the plastic element is made preferably comprises the following components: pullulan (FCC & E-1204) and water; preferably additives: titanium dioxide, flame retardant, UV protector; preferably processing aids: sodium lauryl sulfate, vegetable oil, lubricant; preferably excipients such as carrageenan, lubricant, sodium lauryl sulfate, gellan, xanthan gum, and / or potassium chloride.

[0038] The plastic element contains gelatin. The composition from which the plastic element is made preferably contains the following components: vegetable and / or animal gelatin and water, preferably additives: titanium dioxide (E-171), flame retardant, UV protector, preferably processing aids: sodium lauryl sulfate, acetic acid, vegetable oil.

[0039] The plastic element preferably also comprises cellulose. The composition from which the plastic element is made preferably comprises the following components: hydroxypropylmethylcellulose (HPMC, E-464 & USP) and water, preferably additives: titanium dioxide (E-171), flame retardant, UV protector, preferably auxiliary agent: carbohydrate enan (E-407 & USP), potassium chloride, preferably processing aids, citric acid esters of mono-diglycerides from refined sunflower oil.

[0040] The plastic element may be provided from a mixture of one or more gelatin substances and one or more polysaccharides and / or several cellulose compounds.

[0041] The cross-section of the plastic element is preferably designed such that the length of the wick protruding from the combustible material is always shorter than the shortest dimension of the cross-section of the trough. This prevents the wick or the flame of the wick from coming into contact with a side wall of the trough.

[0042] The plastic element can be transparent and / or colored. The material can be printed using any method familiar to a person skilled in the art. In particular, the material can be transparent and printed in color. This advantageously makes it possible to provide a substantially transparent plastic element and yet still include important product information and / or warnings on it. Furthermore, in the case of an at least partially colored material, it is advantageously possible to create an appealing appearance for the candle. Simple color coding is therefore feasible, particularly for scented candles. For example, red candles, i.e. candles whose plastic element is made from an at least partially red material, can smell of roses, green candles can smell of apples, and white or colorless candle magazines can be substantially scentless.Transparent plastic elements offer the additional advantage that the fuel is visible from the outside. This allows the overall color impression to be influenced by the color of the fuel. Furthermore, it is possible to determine from the outside whether the fuel is liquid or solid.

[0043] According to a preferred embodiment, the combustible material has at least partially the same color as the material from which the plastic element is made. This advantageously makes it possible to provide a uniform appearance for the candle.

[0044] The plastic element, which is made at least partially, preferably entirely, from gelatin and polysaccharide and / or cellulose, has the advantage of being compostable. According to the invention, a candle, for example a tea light, is therefore provided that can be disposed of without leaving any residue. After the candle has burned out, the plastic element can be disposed of with organic waste.

[0045] According to a preferred embodiment, the wick is a thread-like braid. Particularly preferably, the wick has a stiffening agent, particularly on its outer surface, such as a hard wax coating and / or a sleeve, particularly made of a combustible material. This advantageously makes it possible for the wick to have a certain inherent stability and / or for its burning properties to be influenced as desired.

[0046] According to a preferred embodiment, the wick comprises a biopolymer, in particular gelatin and / or polysaccharide and / or cellulose, particularly preferably gelatin and / or hydroxypropylmethylcellulose and / or pullulan, in a burn-stop region, so that a candle with a self-extinguishing wick can be provided. For example, the wick can be impregnated with the biopolymer in the burn-stop region.

[0047] According to a preferred embodiment, the wick of the candle is connected directly or indirectly to the plastic element in a form-fitting, force-fitting, and / or material-fitting manner. For example, the wick has a wick holder, which is preferably connected to the recess by gluing, sealing, welding, or preferably by a snap closure. However, it is also conceivable for the wick to be connected to the recess in a form-fitting, force-fitting, and / or material-fitting manner without a wick holder, for example by pressing and / or sealing. Particularly preferably, the wick, the wick holder, and / or the recess are connected via ultrasonic sealing and / or a particularly fire-resistant adhesive, in particular a hotmelt adhesive. If the wick has a holder, this is preferably made from a material that at least partially comprises gelatin and / or polysaccharide.

[0048] According to a preferred embodiment of the method according to the invention, a plastic element is formed which has a recess for receiving the combustible material and a wick holder for holding the wick. In this respect, the wick holder and recess are integrally connected to one another.

[0049] According to a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the plastic element has a base region in which an indentation and / or protrusion and / or an opening is provided, in which the wick and / or a wick holder is fastened or at least partially embedded. The fastening is particularly preferably carried out by a positive, non-positive and / or material fit. The indentation or protrusion prevents the wick from slipping during production of the candle magazine and / or during the burning of the candle. Preferably, the indentation and / or protrusion has an undercut that interacts with the wick and / or the wick holder in a positive and / or non-positive manner.

[0050] Furthermore, the base region is preferably provided at least partially inclined relative to the horizontal. This ensures that the combustible material, which liquefies as the candle burns, flows toward the wick, thus ensuring at least the most complete combustion of the combustible material possible.

[0051] According to a preferred embodiment, the side wall of the plastic element is inclined at least in sections relative to the vertical. Particularly preferably, the trough has a substantially conical shape, wherein in particular the diameter in the base region is smaller than the diameter in the region of an opening in the trough opposite the base region. This ensures, on the one hand, a controlled and complete combustion of the combustible material and, on the other hand, it is particularly advantageously ensured that the candle fits into containers of different shapes, i.e. different diameters. The candle can therefore advantageously be used flexibly. Furthermore, such a trough can be demolded more easily. According to another preferred embodiment, the side wall of the plastic element is cylindrical.Preferably, the transition between the side wall and the base region is provided with a radius of curvature, particularly preferably between 1 and 5 mm. A stacking edge can be provided at the end of the side wall opposite the base region, allowing multiple candles to be stacked on top of each other. In this case, it is advantageous if the fill level of the combustible material and / or the wick are arranged such that the wick does not protrude beyond the upper edge of the side wall.

[0052] Preferably, the side wall of the plastic element has, at its end opposite the base region, a substantially horizontal flange, preferably running around the circumference of the side wall, which flange provides stability to this part of the plastic element and / or can serve as a contact and / or support surface for a tool, the hands of a person and / or an object in which the candle is burned.

[0053] According to a preferred embodiment, the plastic element has a means that connects the combustible material to the plastic element in a form-fitting and / or force-fitting manner. This form-fitting and / or force-fitting connection is preferably such that it keeps the combustible material connected to the plastic element, for example, during transport and / or use of the candle, but that this connection can be overcome relatively easily using human force, allowing the candle to be removed from the recess if desired.

[0054] According to a preferred embodiment, the plastic element has a connecting surface to which a lidding film can be attached, in particular sealed. This preferred embodiment of the present invention closes off each plastic element, thereby protecting the combustible material or wick contained therein. Particularly in the case of so-called scented candles, a lidding film prevents the fragrance from outgassing before burning. Furthermore, this lidding film can be printed with information, trademarks, or the like. The lidding film can be printed using any method familiar to a person skilled in the art. The connecting surface is preferably the described circumferential flange to which the lidding film is sealed. In particular, sealing is effected by ultrasound. According to a preferred embodiment, the lidding film comprises at least partially gelatin and / or polysaccharide and / or cellulose.Most preferably, the lidding film is made of the same material as the plastic element. Even more preferably, the lidding film is made of a sealable and / or weldable material. This makes it possible to obtain a sealed plastic element that can be filled with a liquid or gel-like fuel. Such fuels can contain one or more fragrances and / or dyes and are significantly more cost-effective to produce than solid fuels.

[0055] The plastic element is designed as a cup-like vessel, wherein the plastic element has a base region and an opening opposite the base region, wherein the candle has a lid that closes the opening. Preferably, the lid closes the plastic element in a liquid-tight manner, so that a combustible, liquid material can be provided in the plastic element. The lid can also be formed from a biopolymer, in particular the same biopolymer as the plastic element. The lid can be designed as a plate, a film, or as a cup-like vessel. Preferably, the lid has a passage for the wick to pass through. Particularly preferably, a wick holder for holding the wick is arranged on the lid in the region of the passage, which wick holder is preferably made from the same biopolymer as the lid. The wick holder is preferably formed integrally with the lid.

[0056] Alternatively or additionally, the candle according to the invention can be provided entirely in a package, for example, a tubular bag. This packaging can also be printed with trademarks, product information, or the like. Preferably, this packaging is fully compostable. Particularly preferably, the packaging is made of the same material as the plastic element.

[0057] According to a preferred embodiment, the candle has an insert. In particular, a colored and / or printed insert. The insert is particularly preferably arranged individually or in a manner that can be individually arranged in the region of the plastic element, in particular in the region of the opening opposite the base. This advantageously makes it possible to provide information, warnings, and / or advertising messages in the individual candles. Furthermore, the candles with the insert burn more evenly. In the case of advertising messages, these are advantageously easily readable from above throughout the entire burning time of the candle.

[0058] According to a preferred embodiment, the insert is round or square, in particular the outer contour of the insert corresponds to an inner cross-section of the plastic element. Particularly preferably, the insert is substantially disc- or plate-shaped. Most preferably, the insert is arranged on the combustible material. Even more preferably, the insert is positively, non-positively and / or materially connected to the combustible material, in particular glued thereto, preferably with a non-flammable adhesive. This advantageously ensures that the insert does not slip during transport or use of the candle. Preferably, the insert is made of a material that at least partially comprises gelatin and / or polysaccharide and / or cellulose. Particularly preferably, it is the same material that is also used to manufacture the plastic element.

[0059] Preferably, the insert means has an opening, in particular one arranged centrally, in which the wick can be arranged or through which the wick can be passed.

[0060] According to a preferred embodiment, the plastic element has a circumferential edge in the upper region opposite the base. The edge is particularly preferably provided substantially horizontally, in particular at an angle of approximately 90 degrees to the side wall, with a radius of curvature being very particularly preferably provided between the edge and the side wall. Alternatively, the edge is provided inclined relative to the horizontal. Very particularly preferably, the edge is provided as a connecting surface. Even more preferably, the edge has a circumferential embossing, in particular a raised area such as a ridge. The provision of an edge ensures that the candle can be better grasped by a user, in particular when it is burning or hot. In addition, the stability of the plastic element is advantageously significantly increased by such an edge.An edge that forms a right angle with the side wall is more stable than a sloped edge. A sloped edge, or embossed edge, offers the advantage of a better sealing surface for bonding with the lidding film. Embossing, in particular, enables quick and easy sealing of a lidding film without the need for the sealing device, such as a sonotrode in ultrasonic sealing, to be precisely aligned with the edge.

[0061] The plastic element preferably has a base region and a side wall as well as an opening opposite the base region. More preferably, the recess has a rectangular, in particular square, round, star-shaped, or polygonal horizontal cross-sectional area. Most preferably, the side wall is provided inclined relative to the vertical and / or the base region is provided inclined relative to the horizontal, in particular inclined such that the combustible material in the liquid state flows along the base towards the wick, which is located in the center of the base. This enables flexible use in containers of different diameters; moreover, the combustible material can flow better along the incline towards the wick, thus ensuring improved and as complete a burn of the candle as possible.

[0062] Those skilled in the art will understand that terms such as horizontal or vertical refer to a typical orientation of a cavity or candle, in particular, to the positioning of the cavity or candle on a flat surface. Those skilled in the art will further recognize that the orientation of the candle is not limited to such an orientation.

[0063] According to a preferred embodiment, the wick is provided as an endless belt, wherein wick holders are particularly preferably provided, in particular formed, on the endless belt, in particular at regular intervals.

[0064] According to a preferred embodiment, the plastic element has a stabilizing means. Particularly preferably, the stabilizing means is at least one embossing of the side wall, in particular an indentation and / or bulge running around the entire circumference of the side wall. Alternatively or additionally, the stabilizing means is at least one embossing in a transition region between the base region and the side wall. Preferably, the stabilizing means is provided as a bead or double bead, in particular in the above-mentioned region. This advantageously makes it possible to at least reduce thermal reshaping or recovery of the material from which the recess is made, for example when the transition region is heated during the burning of the candle.

[0065] According to a preferred embodiment, the plastic element has on its underside at least one support surface, in particular a base, on which the candle rests on a support. Particularly preferably, the support surface is produced in one piece with the base region, i.e. likewise manufactured by deep drawing and / or pointing. Most preferably, the base is a concentric embossing or accumulation of material that runs at least partially around the base. Alternatively or additionally, the base is a local, in particular hemispherical or cuboid-shaped embossing / accumulation of material. This provides a support surface that advantageously enables the candle to stand stably, thus increasing the operational reliability of the candle. In addition, air circulation is enabled on the underside of the plastic element, thereby preventing heat build-up and allowing the candle to burn more slowly and in a more controlled manner.It also avoids damaging the surface on which the candle is placed.

[0066] According to a preferred embodiment, the plastic element has a holding element. The holding element can form a base of the plastic element. Alternatively, the holding element can be a connecting element for connecting the plastic element to a device for holding a candle. The connecting element is preferably designed such that it encompasses the device for holding the candle in a connected position. The device for holding the candle can be, for example, part of a sacrificial candle table.

[0067] The combustible material is preferably poured into the plastic element as a liquid or paste-like medium, where it hardens. If the element is sealed leak-proof, the fuel mass can be liquid.

[0068] Preferably, the plastic elements are cooled before, during and / or after filling the combustible material in order to accelerate the curing of the combustible material.

[0069] Also described is a wick, wherein the wick comprises a biopolymer, in particular gelatin and / or polysaccharide and / or cellulose, particularly preferably gelatin and / or hydroxypropylmethylcellulose and / or pullulan, in a burn-stop region. The burn-stop region can prevent the wick from burning beyond the burn-stop region. In this respect, it is possible to provide a wick with a self-extinguishing function. The wick is preferably impregnated with the biopolymer in the burn-stop region.

[0070] The wick can be used in a candle and / or a liquid fuel lamp, such as an oil lamp. The wick is preferably used in a candle with a plastic element that consists at least partially or entirely of a biopolymer.

[0071] According to a preferred embodiment, the wick is color-marked in the burn-stop area so that the burn-stop area can be easily recognized during processing of the wick.

[0072] Furthermore, a match is described, wherein the match has a biopolymer, in particular gelatin and / or polysaccharide and / or cellulose, particularly preferably gelatin and / or hydroxypropylmethylcellulose and / or pullulan, in a burn-stop region. The burn-stop region can prevent the match from burning beyond the burn-stop region. In this respect, it is possible to provide a match with a self-extinguishing function. The match is preferably impregnated with the biopolymer in the burn-stop region.

[0073] Furthermore, a fragrance body is described which comprises a fragrance, wherein the fragrance body comprises a biopolymer, in particular gelatin and / or polysaccharide and / or cellulose, particularly preferably gelatin and / or hydroxypropylmethylcellulose and / or pullulan. This can prevent unwanted burning of the fragrance body.

[0074] The fragrance body described can, for example, be heated to release the fragrance. Heating the fragrance body with an open flame, such as a candle, can prevent unwanted burning.

[0075] In the following, the invention is described with reference to the Figures 1-21 explained in more detail: Figure 1 shows a candle. Figures 2 and 3 show a candle. Figure 4 shows another candle Figures 5 and 6 show a manufacturing process for a candle (not according to the invention) Figure 7 shows a candle with a support plate Figure 8 shows the wick holder Figures 9 and 10 show exemplary plastic elements Figure 11 shows a recess for the wick or wick holder. Figure 12 shows another candle Figure 13 shows another candle Figure 14 shows another candle Figure 15a shows an embodiment of a mold for producing the candle Figure 15bshows an embodiment of a with the form according to Figure 15a manufactured candle Figure 16a shows an embodiment of a mold for producing the candle Figure 16b shows an embodiment of a with the form according to Figure 16a manufactured candle Figure 17 shows a device for carrying out a manufacturing process for a wick and a candle Figure 18 shows a match Figure 19 shows a fragrance body Figure 20 shows a candle Figure 21 shows a candle

[0076] Figure 1shows the candle 1, which consists of a combustible material 3, for example a wax, wax-like material, or technical wax mixture, in which a wick 4 is provided. The combustible material 3 and the wick 4 are provided in a plastic element 2. This plastic element 2, which here has a base 2.2 and a wall region, consists at least partially of gelatin and / or polysaccharide and / or cellulose, particularly preferably gelatin and / or hydroxypropylmethylcellulose and / or pullulan, in particular HPMC. This gelatin and / or polysaccharide and / or cellulose can be cross-linked and is preferably mixed with at least one substance that reduces the flammability of the gelatin and / or the polysaccharide and / or the cellulose and / or increases their glass transition temperature. In the present case, the candle is a so-called tealight, in which the plastic element 2 completely accommodates the combustible material 3 and the wick 4.The combustible material is burned off by means of the wick in the plastic element 2. The plastic element 2 is then disposed of, for example, by composting. The plastic element can be deep-drawn from a film or injected and / or cast with a liquid or viscous material. In any case, the material from which the plastic element is made comprises at least partially gelatin and / or polysaccharide and / or cellulose, particularly preferably gelatin and / or hydroxypropylmethylcellulose and / or pullulan, especially HPMC.

[0077] Figures 2 and 3show a candle. This consists of a plastic element 2, a wick 4, and a combustible material 3 that surrounds the wick. The plastic element 2 has a base region and, in this case, a cylindrical wall region. The combustible material rests on the base region. The height of the wall region is, in this case, less than the height of the combustible material. According to another embodiment, the height of the combustible material corresponds to the height of the side wall, or the height of the side wall even exceeds the height of the combustible material. The inner contour of the plastic element can be provided such that the plastic element encloses the outer contour of the combustible element essentially without a gap.However, it is also possible for the contour of the side wall to be smaller or larger than the contour of the flammable material, so that the side wall of the plastic element is not visible, or for a gap to be provided between the inner contour of the side wall of the plastic element. The plastic element can therefore also serve as a candle holder, for example, in an Advent calendar. It then prevents wax from leaking and serves as a burn stop for the wick.

[0078] Figure 4shows another candle. Essentially, reference can be made to the explanations for the preceding figures, whereby in the present case, the part of the combustible material not surrounded by the plastic element 2 is provided with a coating 5. This coating 5 is preferably colored. Preferably, the outer diameter of the coating 5 and the outer diameter of the plastic element are provided flush. The coating 5 is preferably made of a combustible material.

[0079] Figures 5 and 6show a manufacturing method for a candle. The plastic element 2 is provided in a mold 6. The wick 4 is also located in the cavity of the mold 6 and is preferably connected to the plastic element, for example, by the wick having a wick holder 7 connected to the plastic element 2. Once the plastic element and the wick have been placed in the cavity of the mold 6, the cavity is at least partially filled with the liquid combustible material. Once this material has solidified, the candle thus produced can be removed from the mold.

[0080] Figure 7 shows a candle with a support plate 8, which can be printed with "text" and / or an image and has a recess for the wick. This support plate is preferably made of the same material as the plastic element and / or comprises at least gelatin and / or polysaccharide.

[0081] Figure 8shows a wick holder 7 connected to the wick. Preferably, the wick holder is also connected, for example, glued, to the plastic element 2. Preferably, the adhesive is also based on gelatin and / or polysaccharide. Preferably, this wick holder is made of the same material as the plastic element and / or comprises at least gelatin and / or polysaccharide, particularly preferably gelatin and / or hydroxypropylmethylcellulose and / or pullulan.

[0082] Figure 9shows a plastic element 2. This has a side wall 2.1, preferably a side wall inclined relative to the vertical, wherein the cross-section of the plastic element 2 preferably decreases towards a bottom region 2.2. Furthermore, the plastic element 2 has a bottom region 2.2, which in the present case is inclined relative to the horizontal towards the center of the plastic element 2, so that the liquefied, combustible material 3 accommodated in the plastic element 2 flows towards the wick 4. Preferably, an indentation or protrusion, here an indentation 2.4, is provided in the bottom region 2.3, in which the wick 4 and / or a wick holder 7 can be arranged. The wick 4 and / or the wick holder 7 are preferably connected to the bottom region 2.2, in particular to the indentation 2.4, in a form-fitting, force-fitting, and / or material-fitting manner.4 prevents the wick 4 from moving from its centered position when the combustible material 3 is being added and / or when the candle 1 burns. Furthermore, the base region 2.2 and / or the side walls 2.1 are preferably designed such that the base region 2.2, in which the wick 4 and / or the wick holder 7 is located, is spaced from a support surface 2.3. This ensures that the support surface 2.3, on which the candle 1 stands, is not damaged when the candle 1 burns. In the present case, this is achieved by the side walls 2.1 being deeper than the base region 2.2, 2.4. Alternatively or additionally, the base area 2.2, 2.4 can also have bulges with which the plastic element 2 rests on the support surface 2.4 and which create a distance between the base area 2.3, 2.4, in which the wick 4 or the wick holder 7 is located, and the support surface 2.3. Opposite the base area 2.3, the side wall 2.1 in the present case has an edge 2.5, here a circumferential edge, which can serve as a sealing surface for a possibly present lid 16, in particular a lid film. Furthermore, this edge 2.5 also provides additional stability to the plastic element 2. Preferably, the side wall 2.1 in particular can have additional indentations and / or protrusions, in particular to increase its stability.

[0083] Figure 10 shows plastic element 2. Essentially, the Figure 9made reference may be made to the statements made. In the present case, a positive and / or frictional connection means 2.6, here an undercut, is additionally provided in the side wall 2.1, which interacts in a positive and / or frictional manner with the combustible material 3 of the candle 1. This positive and / or frictional connection prevents the combustible material 3 and the wick 4, i.e. the candle 1, from accidentally becoming detached from the plastic element 2. The positive and / or frictional connection is achieved in particular by liquid combustible material 3 being introduced into the plastic element 2 and solidifying there. The positive and / or frictional connection is created upon solidification. This positive and / or frictional connection means 2.6 is particularly preferred when the candle 1 is to be removed from the plastic element 2 for combustion. For this purpose, for example, pressure is exerted on the base area, which presses the candle 1 out of the plastic element 2.In this case, the positive and / or non-positive connection between the combustible material 3 and the plastic element 2 is released, preferably in a snapping manner, and the candle 1 can be used without the plastic element 2, for example as a floating candle.

[0084] Figure 11shows details of the indentation and / or protrusion 2.4 for the wick 4. It can be clearly seen that the side walls 2.4.1 of the indentation are provided with an undercut, resulting in a positive and / or non-positive connection between the wick 4 or the wick holder 7 and the base region of the plastic element 2. This or any differently shaped indentation can be produced, for example, by pressing the wick holder 7 into the plastic film during the deep-drawing of the recess 2, for example with a stamp, thereby resulting in the desired deep-drawn shape. When the stamp is removed, the wick 4 and / or the wick holder 7 then remains in the thus finished plastic element 2 and is preferably connected to it in a positive and / or non-positive manner.

[0085] The person skilled in the art will understand that in this way a material bond can also be achieved, for example by (ultrasonic) sealing or bonding with an adhesive, in particular a melt adhesive, a so-called hot melt adhesive, between the wick 4 or the wick holder 7 and the base region 2.2, 2.4 of the plastic element 2.

[0086] Figure 12shows a candle 1. Here, the plastic element 2 is designed as a trough in which the combustible material can be accommodated. The plastic element 2 preferably has a circular base area. The plastic element 2 has a base region 2.2 and a side wall 2.1 connected to the base region. An opening is provided on the side of the side wall 2.1 facing away from the base region 2.2. The opening of the plastic element 2 is closed by a lid 16. The lid 16 is made of the same material as the plastic element 2. This means that both the plastic element 2 and the lid 16 contain a biopolymer. In a connecting region 15, the plastic element 2 and the lid 16 are connected to one another, in particular glued, clamped, or sealed. For this purpose, the lid 16 is dimensioned such that it can be slipped over the plastic element 2. For example, the lid 16 can have side walls 16.1, which are brought into contact with the plastic element 2 for connection to the plastic element. In this respect, a closed container for holding the flammable material is provided. If the connection between the plastic element 2 and the lid 16 is designed to be liquid-tight, a liquid, flammable material can be held in the closed container without there being any fear of unwanted leakage. A passage 16.2 is provided in the lid, through which the wick 4 of the candle 1 is guided. Via the wick 4, flammable material can be brought from the interior of the closed container formed by the plastic element 2 and the lid 16 to the outside to burn there.

[0087] In Figure 13is a candle 1. Here, the plastic element 2 is designed as a recess in which the combustible material can be accommodated. The plastic element 2 preferably has a circular base area. The plastic element 2 has a base region 2.2 and a side wall 2.1 connected to the base region. An opening is provided on the side of the side wall 2.1 facing away from the base region 2.2. The opening is bordered by an edge 2.5 of the plastic element, which stiffens the plastic element and at the same time provides a connection area for connection to a lid 16. The opening of the plastic element 2 is closed with a lid 16. The lid 16 is made of the same material as the plastic element 2. The lid 16 is a lid 16 designed as a plate or as a film. The lid is connected to the plastic element 2 in a liquid-tight manner, for example sealed or glued.A combustible material 3, in particular a liquid one, is accommodated in the closed container formed by the plastic element 2 and the lid 16. A passage 16.2 is provided in the lid 16, through which the wick 4 of the candle 1 is guided. Via the wick 4, combustible material can be transported from the interior of the closed container formed by the plastic element 2 and the lid 16 to the outside to burn there. To attach the wick 4, a wick holder 7 is arranged on the base region 2.2 of the plastic element 2 and / or on the lid 16 in the region of the passage 16. The wick holder(s) 7 are made of the same material as the plastic element 2. In this respect, the wick holder(s) 7 contain(s) a biopolymer.

[0088] The Figure 14 shows a candle 1.

[0089] This embodiment is similar to the one in Figure 13shown embodiment, so that the relevant description also applies to this embodiment. In contrast to the embodiment according to Figure 13 Only a wick holder 7 is arranged on the lid 16. The wick holder 7 is made of the same material as the lid 16 and is preferably provided in one piece with the lid 16.

[0090] Figure 15ashows an embodiment of a mold 9 for producing the candle 1. The mold 9 is designed as a dipping mold and has an outer contour with a dipping area which is dipped into the liquid biopolymer. The dipping area corresponds to a negative of the inner contour of the plastic element 2 to be produced. The mold 9 has a passage 9.1 for the wick 4 on its underside. The wick 4 runs through this passage 9.1. The wick 4 can be dipped into the liquid biopolymer together with the mold 9, so that a plastic element with a base area is formed which is connected to the wick 4. A separate wick holder is not required in this case. The mold 9 can then be pulled out of the liquid biopolymer together with the wick 4. The biopolymer solidifies and forms a plastic element 2 connected to the wick 4 in the manner of a trough.The wick 4 can then be closed at the level of the base area of ​​the plastic element. The remaining opening below the wick 4 is closed, for example, by immersing the mold 9 again in a liquid biopolymer, so that a further layer of the biopolymer is deposited on the outer contour of the formed plastic element 2, which closes the opening below the wick 4 (see ). Figure 15b .

[0091] The Figure 16ashows a further embodiment of a mold 9 for producing a plastic element 2 for a candle 1 according to the invention. This mold 9 is designed as a dipping mold and has an outer contour with a dipping area, which is dipped into the liquid biopolymer. The dipping area corresponds to a negative of the inner contour of the plastic element to be produced. The mold 9 is designed on its underside such that a wick holder 7 for holding and / or clamping the wick 4 is formed in the produced plastic element. For this purpose, the mold 9 has a passage 9.1 for the wick 4 on its underside. The wick 4 runs through this passage 9.1. Below the passage, a recess is provided into which the biopolymer can flow to form the wick holder integrated into the plastic element 2. The direction of the biopolymer flowing into the recess is Figure 16aindicated by arrows. The mold 9 can be pulled out of the liquid biopolymer. The biopolymer solidifies and forms a plastic element 2 in the form of a trough with an integrated wick holder 7. The wick 4 is connected to the wick holder 7, cf. Figure 16b . According to a variation, the Figure 16a shown form 9 without a wick 4 can be immersed in the biopolymer, so that the Figure 16b The plastic element 2 shown is formed with an integrated wick holder 7 but without a connected wick 4. The wick 4 can then be connected to the wick holder 7 in a further step by gluing and / or clamping.

[0092] In Figure 171 schematically shows a device 200 for carrying out a manufacturing method for a wick 4 and a candle 1. The combustible wick 4 is first fed to an application device 201, in which the wick 4 is partially impregnated with a biopolymer 202 or a biopolymer 202 is partially applied to the wick 4. In this process, burn-stop regions 203 are formed along the wick 4. In the burn-stop region 203, the wick 4 is non-combustible and / or flammable. Optionally, the wick 4 is marked in the burn-stop regions 203, for example, marked in color or provided with a UV or IR marker. In a further step, the wick 4 is fed to a device 204 for producing a candle 1. In the device 204, the wick 4 is combined with a plastic element 2 which comprises a biopolymer. The wick 4 can be fed into the plastic element 2 from above - or as shown here - from below.The device 204 for producing a candle 1 has a sensor by which the burn-stop region 203 can be detected. For example, this can be an optical sensor, in particular a UV or IR sensor. The sensor can be used to control the conveyance of the wick 4 such that a burn-stop region 203 comes into contact with a base region of the plastic element 2 or with a wick holder of the plastic element. The wick 4 can then be connected to the plastic element and / or the wick holder. Finally, the wick 4 is cut to length.

[0093] In the Figure 18is a match 1. The match 100 has a base body, which is made of wood, for example. The match has a striking head 101. In the area of ​​the striking head, the match 100 is coated with a flammable material. Furthermore, the match 100 has a burn-stop area 103 in which a biopolymer is provided. The burn-stop area 103 can be provided in the area of ​​an end of the match 100 opposite the striking head 101. The burn-stop area 103 separates a flammable area 102 of the match from a non-flammable grip area 104 of the match 100, in which the match 100 can be safely grasped. Optionally, the burn-stop area 103 can extend to the end of the match 100 opposite the striking head 101.

[0094] Figure 19branches a fragrance body 401. The fragrance body 401 is designed like a fragrance bead. The fragrance body 401 contains a fragrance that can be released into the ambient air. Furthermore, the fragrance body 401 contains a biopolymer, so that unwanted burning of the fragrance body is prevented. The fragrance body 401 is arranged in a receptacle 400, for example, a bowl. The fragrance body 401 is heated to release the fragrance. Heating the fragrance body 401 with an open flame, for example, with a candle, can prevent unwanted burning of the fragrance body 401.

[0095] Figure 20shows a candle 1. Here, the plastic element 2 is designed as a depression in which the combustible material 3 can be received. The plastic element 2 preferably has a circular base. The plastic element 2 has a bottom region 2.2 and a side wall 2.1 connected to the bottom region 2.2. The bottom region 2.2 is connected, in particular glued, clamped, or sealed, to a support surface 501 of the holding element 500. The holding element 500 is dimensioned and shaped such that it can be slipped over a device 502 for holding a candle. The plastic element 2 and the holding element 500 are made of the same material. This means that both the plastic element 2 and the holding element 500 contain a biopolymer. Combustible material 3 from the interior of the plastic element 2 can be burned via the wick 4.

[0096] Figure 21shows a further embodiment of a candle 1. Here, the plastic element 2 is designed as a recess in which the combustible material 3 can be received. The plastic element 2 preferably has a circular base. The plastic element 2 has a bottom region 2.2 and a side wall 2.1 connected to the bottom region. The bottom region 2.2 is connected, in particular glued, clamped, or sealed, to the support surface 501 of the holding element 500. The holding element 500 is dimensioned and shaped such that it can be used as the base of the candle. The plastic element 2 and the holding element 500 are made of the same material.

[0097] This means that both the plastic element 2 and the holding element 500 contain a biopolymer. Combustible material 3 from the interior of the plastic element 2 can be burned via the wick 4. List of reference symbols:

[0098] 1 Candle 2 Plastic element 2.1 Side wall 2.2 Base area 2.3 Support surface 2.4 Recess 2.4.1 Side wall 2.5 Edge 2.6 Form and / or friction fit 3 Combustible material 4 Wick 5 Cover 6 Casting mold 7 Plastic element, wick holder 8 Insert plate 9 Mold 15Connection area 16Cover 100Match 101Ignition head 102Combustible area 103Burning stop area 104Grip area 200Manufacturing device 201Applicator 202Biopolymer 203Burning stop area 204Device for making a candle 400Receptacle 401Fragrance body 500Holding element 501Support surface of the holding element 502Device for holding a candle

Claims

1. Method of manufacturing a candle (1) comprising a combustible material (3) and a wick (4) and a cup-like vessel (2), wherein the cup-like vessel (2) is formed at least in part from a biopolymer based on gelatine, characterized in that - a mould (9) of the cup-like vessel (2) to be produced is dipped one or more times into the liquid biopolymer based on gelatine until a desired material thickness is achieved.

2. Method according to claim 1, characterized in that the mould (9) is a dipping mould of the cup-like vessel (2), the dipping mould having an outer contour with a dipping region which is dipped into the liquid biopolymer, the dipping region preferably corresponding to a negative of the inner contour of the cup-like vessel (2) to be produced.

3. Method according to claim 2, characterized in that the mould (9) is removed from the liquid biopolymer in a further step and a layer of the biopolymer which covers the outer contour of the mould is solidified and dried.

4. Method according to claim 3, characterized in that the coated mould (9) is controlled in one or more dimensions during solidification and / or drying in order to control the configuration of the cup-like vessel (2), in particular to specifically adjust the shape and / or thickness.

5. Method according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the solidified cup-like vessel (2) is connected to a combustible material (3) and / or to a wick (4).

6. Method according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the mould (9) is formed by the combustible material (3) of the candle.

7. Method according to claim 6, characterized in that the mould (9) formed by the combustible material (3) is partially immersed in the liquid biopolymer.

8. Method according to claim 6, characterized in that the mould (9) formed by the combustible material (3) is completely immersed in the liquid biopolymer.

9. Method according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that a wick (4) of the candle is already bonded to the combustible material (3) when the combustible material (3) is immersed in the liquid biopolymer.

10. Method according to claim 9, characterized in that the combustible material (3) is held by the wick (4) during immersion, and the combustible material (3) is pulled out of the liquid biopolymer by means of the wick (4).