Connecting parts for a processing head for thermal material processing, especially for a plasma burner head

Description

[0001] The present invention relates to connecting parts for a processing head for thermal material processing according to the preamble of claims 1 and 5 (see e.g. EP 2 942 144 A1).

[0002] Processing heads for thermal material processing, such as plasma torch heads, laser heads, and plasma laser heads, are generally used for the thermal processing of a wide variety of materials, such as metallic and non-metallic materials, for example for cutting, welding, marking, or heating in general.

[0003] Plasma torches typically consist of a torch body, an electrode, a nozzle, and a nozzle holder. Modern plasma torches also feature a nozzle protection cap mounted over the nozzle. A nozzle is often secured with a nozzle cap.

[0004] Depending on the plasma torch type, the components subject to wear during operation of the plasma torch due to the high thermal stress caused by the arc include, in particular, the electrode, the nozzle, the nozzle cap, the nozzle protection cap, the nozzle protection cap holder, and the plasma gas guide and secondary gas guide components. These components can be easily replaced by an operator and are therefore considered wear parts.

[0005] The plasma torches are connected via cables to a power source and a gas supply that feeds the plasma torch. Furthermore, the plasma torch can be connected to a cooling device for a cooling medium, such as a coolant.

[0006] Plasma cutting torches are particularly subject to high thermal loads. This is caused by the strong constriction of the plasma jet by the nozzle bore. Small bores are used here to generate high current densities of 50 to 150 A / mm² in the nozzle bore, high energy densities of approximately 2×10³ W / cm², and high temperatures of up to 30,000 K. Furthermore, higher gas pressures, typically up to 12 bar, are used in plasma cutting torches. The combination of high temperature and high kinetic energy of the plasma gas flowing through the nozzle bore melts the workpiece and expels the molten metal. A kerf is created, and the workpiece is severed. Plasma cutting often uses oxidizing gases to cut unalloyed or low-alloy steels, and non-oxidizing gases to cut high-alloy steels or non-ferrous metals.

[0007] A plasma gas flows between the electrode and the nozzle. The plasma gas is guided through a gas guide. This allows the plasma gas to be directed in a targeted manner. It is often set into rotation around the electrode by a radial and / or axial offset of the openings in the plasma gas guide. The plasma gas guide is made of electrically insulating material because the electrode and nozzle must be electrically insulated from each other. This is necessary because the electrode and nozzle have different electrical potentials during operation of the plasma cutting torch. To operate the plasma cutting torch, an arc is generated between the electrode and the nozzle and / or the workpiece, which ionizes the plasma gas. To ignite the arc, a high voltage can be applied between the electrode and nozzle, which pre-ionizes the path between the electrode and nozzle and thus forms an arc.The arc burning between the electrode and the nozzle is also called the pilot arc.

[0008] The pilot arc exits through the nozzle bore and strikes the workpiece, ionizing the path to the workpiece. This allows the arc to form between the electrode and the workpiece. This arc is also called the main arc. The pilot arc can be switched off during the main arc. However, it can also continue to operate. In plasma cutting, this is often switched off to avoid placing additional strain on the nozzle.

[0009] The electrode and nozzle, in particular, are subject to high thermal stress and require cooling. At the same time, they must also conduct the electrical current required to form the arc. Therefore, materials with good thermal and electrical conductivity are used, usually metals such as copper, silver, aluminum, tin, zinc, iron, or alloys containing at least one of these metals.

[0010] The electrode often consists of an electrode holder and an emission insert made of a material with a high melting temperature (≥ 2000°C) and a lower electron work function than the electrode holder. Materials used for the emission insert include non-oxidizing plasma gases such as argon, hydrogen, nitrogen, helium, and mixtures thereof, or tungsten, while oxidizing gases such as oxygen, air, and mixtures thereof, nitrogen-oxygen mixtures and mixtures with other gases, hafnium, or zirconium, are used. The high-temperature material can be pressed into an electrode holder made of a material with good thermal and electrical conductivity, for example, using a positive and / or friction fit.

[0011] The electrode and nozzle can be cooled by gas, such as plasma gas or a secondary gas flowing along the outside of the nozzle. However, cooling with a liquid, such as water, is more effective. In this case, the electrode and / or nozzle are often cooled directly with the liquid, meaning the liquid is in direct contact with the electrode and / or nozzle. To guide the cooling liquid around the nozzle, a nozzle cap is located around the nozzle. Its inner surface, together with the outer surface of the nozzle, forms a coolant chamber through which the coolant flows.

[0012] Modern plasma cutting torches also feature a nozzle protection cap outside the nozzle and / or nozzle cap. The inner surface of the nozzle protection cap and the outer surface of the nozzle or nozzle cap form a space through which a secondary or shielding gas flows. The secondary or shielding gas exits the bore of the nozzle protection cap and envelops the plasma jet, creating a defined atmosphere around it. The secondary gas also protects the nozzle and nozzle protection cap from arcs that can form between the nozzle and the workpiece. These are known as double arcs and can damage the nozzle. The nozzle and nozzle protection cap are subjected to significant stress from hot material spraying up, particularly when piercing the workpiece.The secondary gas, whose volume flow during piercing may be higher than that during cutting, keeps the splashing material away from the nozzle and the nozzle protection cap and thus protects it from damage.

[0013] The nozzle protection cap is also subject to high thermal stress and requires cooling. Therefore, materials with good thermal and electrical conductivity are used for it, usually metals such as copper, silver, aluminum, tin, zinc, iron, or alloys containing at least one of these metals.

[0014] The electrode and nozzle can also be cooled indirectly. In this case, they are in contact with a component made of a material that conducts heat and electricity well, usually a metal such as copper, silver, aluminum, tin, zinc, iron, or alloys containing at least one of these metals. This component, in turn, is cooled directly, meaning it is in direct contact with the usually flowing coolant. These components can simultaneously serve as a holder or receptacle for the electrode, nozzle, nozzle cap, or nozzle protection cap, dissipating heat and supplying current.

[0015] It is also possible for only the electrode or only the nozzle to be cooled with liquid.

[0016] The nozzle cap is usually cooled solely by the secondary gas. Arrangements are also known in which the secondary gas cap is cooled directly or indirectly by a cooling liquid.

[0017] Laser heads essentially consist of a body, an optical system within the body for focusing the laser beam, connections for the laser light supply or fiber optic cable, gas (cutting gas and secondary gas) and cooling medium, and a nozzle with an opening that shapes the gas jet and through which the laser beam exits the laser head. The laser beam strikes a workpiece and is absorbed.

[0018] During laser cutting, the heated workpiece is melted and expelled (laser fusion cutting) or oxidized (laser flame cutting) in combination with the cutting gas.

[0019] The laser cutting head may also be fitted with a nozzle protection cap outside the nozzle. The inner surface of the nozzle protection cap and the outer surface of the nozzle or nozzle cap form a chamber through which a secondary or shielding gas flows. The secondary or shielding gas exits the bore of the nozzle protection cap and envelops the laser beam, creating a defined atmosphere around it. The secondary gas also protects the nozzle. Particularly when piercing the workpiece, the nozzle is subjected to significant stress from hot material spraying up. The secondary gas, whose flow rate may be higher during piercing than during cutting, keeps the spraying material away from the nozzle and thus protects it from damage.

[0020] Processing heads that utilize both plasma and laser processes simultaneously, so-called plasma-laser cutting heads, exhibit characteristics of both plasma torch heads and laser heads. They combine the features and thus the advantages of both processes.

[0021] With the plasma process and the laser process and the combination of these, material can basically be cut, welded, labeled, ablated or generally heated.

[0022] In plasma torches or processing heads for thermal processes, such as cutting or welding, parts that come into contact with fluids (gases, liquids) are often joined together. These fluids flow along the surfaces of the torch parts or through openings (bores, channels). These may be individual parts, such as wear parts, that wear out during operation and require frequent replacement by the operator.

[0023] However, it can also be an assembly made up of several parts, such as a burner head, which needs to be replaced more frequently.

[0024] This should be as simple and safe as possible. It is important that as little force as possible is required for inserting the wear parts into the wear part holder or the wear parts into each other, while still ensuring a tight connection. Tight means that no fluid, i.e., no gas and / or liquid, up to a pressure of 20 bar, can penetrate the sealing point from the inside to the outside or from the outside to the inside.

[0025] In addition, precise axial, radial or rotational positioning of the wear parts relative to each other or of the wear parts relative to a wear part holder is often necessary at the same time.

[0026] The previously known arrangements consist of a groove extending on the cylindrical outer or inner surface along a circular ring-shaped circumference, in which an O-ring is located, and an opposite, likewise cylindrical inner or outer surface of the wear part holder or another wear part, which also extends along a circular ring-shaped circumference. The O-ring protrudes from the groove along its circumference and, when joined, is pressed into the groove by contact with the opposite surface, thereby deforming it. The O-ring is made of an elastically deformable material, e.g., an elastomer. The cross-section of the groove should be at least the size of the cross-section of the O-ring's cord.

[0027] The opposing surface of the wear part holder or the wear part is usually made of a material that is not elastically deformable or only slightly deformable, such as metal, ceramic, or a hard plastic. During joining, the surface of the O-ring touches the opposing surface along its entire circumference before the O-ring begins to deform. This requires a high level of force during joining.

[0028] In addition, precise rotational positioning around a longitudinal axis of a connecting part is often necessary between the connecting parts or the wear parts and a wear part holder, or even between the wear parts. This, too, is not possible with the current arrangement.

[0029] It is the aim of the present invention to reduce the force required for joining and / or, if possible, to ensure a clear axial, radial and rotational positioning to a longitudinal axis between the connecting parts, e.g. wearing parts.

[0030] This object is achieved by a connecting part 100, 200 for a machining head for thermal material processing according to claim 1, the connecting part comprising a body 106, 206 extending along a longitudinal axis L, with an outer surface 110, 112, 120, 212 and / or inner surface 140, 240, 244 with a front end 102, 202 and a rear end 104, 204, wherein the outer surface 110 and / or the inner surface 240 has at least one circumferentially extending groove 130, 230 with a groove depth T130, T112, T120, T230, wherein the groove bottom 116, 216 of the groove 130, 230 has different distances D116 extending along the circumference through the longitudinal axis L and perpendicular to the longitudinal axis L between the opposite sections of the groove bottom 116, 216 of the groove 130,230 and / or wherein at least one outer surface 112 and / or 120 has different distances D112, D120 along the circumference extending through the longitudinal axis L and perpendicular to the longitudinal axis L between the opposite sections of the outer surface 112, 120 and / or that at least one inner surface 244 has different distances D244 along the circumference extending through the longitudinal axis L and perpendicular to the longitudinal axis L between the opposite sections of the inner surface 244. The outer surface and / or the inner surface is thus not circular, e.g., elliptical.

[0031] This object is further achieved by a connecting part 100, 200 for a machining head for thermal material processing according to claim 5, the connecting part comprising a body 106, 206 which extends along a longitudinal axis L, with an outer surface 110, 112, 120, 212 and / or inner surface 140, 240, 244 with a front end 102, 202 and a rear end 104, 204, wherein the outer surface 110 and / or the inner surface 240 has at least one circumferentially extending groove 130, 230 with a groove width B130, B230 and a groove depth T130, T112, T120, T230 with an O-ring 132, 232 or profile ring with a cord thickness Sa, wherein the innermost surface 132i of the O-rings 132,232 has different distances D132i along the circumference extending through the longitudinal axis L and perpendicular to the longitudinal axis L between the opposite sections of the innermost surface 132i of the O-ring, and / or wherein the outermost surface 132a of the O-ring 132, 232 has different distances D132a along the circumference extending through the longitudinal axis L and perpendicular to the longitudinal axis L between the opposite sections of the outermost surface 132a of the O-ring. The innermost surface directed towards the longitudinal axis and / or the outermost surface of the O-ring is not circular, for example, elliptical.

[0032] At least in one particular embodiment, the advantages of the invention are achieved even with a relatively small change in size in order to realize space-saving arrangements, in particular for wearing parts.

[0033] This shows / show: Figure 1a side view of a connecting part; Figures 1a to 1cexemplary different groove shapes; Figure 1dthe connecting part of Figure 1 with an O-ring 1 in sectional view; Figure 2 a sectional view of a further connecting part; Figures 3a and 3b the connection from the connecting part of Figure 1d and the connecting part of Figure 2 in different joined states in sectional view; Figure 4a side view of another special connecting part; Figure 4a the connecting part of Figure 4 with an O-ring; Figures 5a and 5b the connection from the connecting part of Figure 4a and the connecting part of Figure 2 in different joined states in sectional view; Figure 6a sectional view of another special connecting part; Figure 6a the connecting part of Figure 6with an O-ring in sectional view; Figure 7 a side view of another special connecting part; Figures 8a and 8b the connection from the connecting part of Figure 7 and the connecting part of Figure 6a in different joined states in sectional view; Figure 9a sectional view of another special connecting part; Figure 9a the connecting part of Figure 9 with an O-ring in sectional view; Figure 10 a side view of another special connecting part; Figures 11a and 11b the connection from the connecting part of Figure 10 and the connecting part of Figure 9a in different joined states in sectional view; Figure 12a side view of another special connecting part; Figure 12a the view A of the connecting part of Figure 12 ; Figure 12b shows section BB of the connecting part of Figure 12 ; Figure 12c the connecting part of Figure 12with an O-ring in sectional view; Figure 12d shows section CC of the connecting part of Figure 12c ; Figure 13a sectional view of another special connecting part; Figure 13a the sectional view CC of the connecting part of Figure 13 ; Figure 13b view B of the connecting part of Figure 13 ; Figure 14a and 14b the connection from the connecting part of Figure 12c and the connecting part of Figure 13 in different joined states in sectional view; Figure 15a side view of another special connecting part; Figure 15a the view A of the connecting part of Figure 15 ; Figure 15b shows section BB of the connecting part of Figure 15 ; Figure 15c the connecting part of Figure 15 with an O-ring in sectional view; Figure 15d shows section CC of the connecting part of Figure 15c ; Figure 16a sectional view of another special connecting part; Figure 16a the sectional view CC of the connecting part of Figure 16; Figure 16bView B of the connecting part of Figure 16 ; Figures 17a and 17b the connection from the connecting part of Figure 15 or 15c and the connecting part of Figure 16 in different joined states in sectional view; Figure 18a side view of another special connecting part; Figure 18a the view A of the connecting part of Figure 18 ; Figure 18b shows section BB of the connecting part of Figure 18 ; Figure 18c the connecting part of Figure 18 with an O-ring in sectional view; Figure 18d shows section CC of the connecting part of Figure 18c ; Figure 19a sectional view of another special connecting part; Figure 19athe sectional view CC of the connecting part of Figure 19 ; Figure 19bView B of the connecting part of Figure 19a ; Figures 20a and 20b the connection from the connecting part of Figure 18c and the connecting part of Figure 19in different joined states in sectional view; Figure 21a nozzle for a plasma torch; Figure 21a the nozzle of Figure 21 with an O-ring in sectional view; and Figure 22 Components of a plasma torch head

[0034] in sectional view. Figure 1 shows a first connecting part 100 comprising a body 106 extending along a longitudinal axis L, with a front end 102 and a rear end 104, with an inner surface 140 and with an outer surface 110 comprising a plurality of surfaces 108, 112, 114, 116, 118, 120, 122, 124, 126 and 128.

[0035] The outer surface 110 has a circumferential groove 130. The groove 130 is delimited by lateral surfaces 114 (facing the rear end 104) and 118 (facing the front end 102) as well as a groove base 116. The groove 130 has a groove width B130 and a groove depth T130 and is suitable for receiving an O-ring or a profile ring. The groove 130 extends over the circumference in this way, but has different distances L116 parallel to the longitudinal axis L from a virtual fixed point F on the longitudinal axis L in relation to a virtual center line M130 on the groove base 116. A maximum distance L116 max here is half the groove width B130. In the example, the groove width is 2 mm, so L116 max is 1 mm.

[0036] Furthermore, on the outer surface 110 there is a flange 125 which is delimited by the surfaces (outer surfaces) 122 (facing the rear end), 124 and 126 (facing the front end).

[0037] The rear end 104 has a surface (outer surface) 108.

[0038] The first lateral boundary of the groove 130, surface 114, has different distances L112 parallel to the longitudinal axis L from the rear end 104 of the connecting part 100. The minimum distance is designated L112 min and the maximum distance is designated L112 max.

[0039] The second lateral boundary of the groove 130, the surface 118, has different distances L128 parallel to the longitudinal axis L to the front end 102 of the connecting part 100, different distances L120 to the surface 122 of the flange 125 and different distances L124 to the surface 126 of the flange 125. The Figure 1 The minimum distances of L128, L124 and L120 shown are designated L128 min, L124 min and L120 min and the maximum distances are designated L128 max, L124 max and L120 max.

[0040] The lateral boundaries - the surfaces 114 and 118 - of the groove 130 also have different distances, running parallel to the longitudinal axis L, from the rear end 104 and the front end 102 as well as from the surfaces 122 and 126 of the flange 125. The difference between the largest and the smallest distance between one and the same lateral boundary of the groove, the side surface 114 or 118, and the rear end 104 or the front end 102 or a surface 122 or 126 of the flange 125 corresponds in this example to half the groove width of 2 mm and is 1 mm here.

[0041] The surface 122 of the flange 125 can be used as an axial stop or for positioning axially to the longitudinal axis L in another connecting part, for example a Figure 2 shown connecting part 200.

[0042] The outer surfaces 112, 120 and 124 can serve for centering radially to the longitudinal axis L, when the connecting part 100 is inserted, for example, into the Figure 2 shown connecting part 200 is used.

[0043] The connecting part 100 has a continuous opening 138 with an inner surface 140 along the longitudinal axis L. A fluid can flow through this opening 138 when installed.

[0044] The Figures 1a to 1c show examples of different groove shapes of the groove 130, Figure 1a a rectangular groove, the Figure 1b a so-called trapezoidal groove and the Figure 1c a circular groove. A virtual centerline M130 of the groove 130 runs circumferentially in the center of the groove base 116. This virtual centerline also has varying distances from the fixed point F around the circumference.

[0045] Figure 1d shows the connecting part 100 from Figure 1 with an O-ring 132 in the groove 130.

[0046] In this example, the O-ring 132 has a cord thickness Sa of 1.5 mm. In the middle of the cord is a virtual center line M132. The O-ring 132 extends over the circumference in the groove 130. However, a virtual center line M132 has different distances L116a parallel to the longitudinal axis L from a fixed point F on the longitudinal axis L. The maximum distance L116a max in this example is 2 / 3 of the cord thickness Sa. In the example, the cord thickness Sa is 1.5 mm, so the maximum distance L116a max is 1 mm.

[0047] The outer surface of the O-ring 132 facing toward the rear end 104 has different distances L112a from the rear end 104 parallel to the longitudinal axis L. The minimum distance is designated L112a min and the maximum distance is designated L112a max.

[0048] The outer surface of the O-ring 132 facing towards the front end 102 has, parallel to the longitudinal axis L, different distances L128a from the front end 102, different distances L120a from the surface 122 of the flange 125 and different distances L124a from the surface 126 of the flange 125. The Figure 1d The minimum distances of L128a, L124a and L120a shown are designated L128a min, L124a min and L120a min and the maximum distances are designated L128a max, L124a max and L120a max.

[0049] The respective outer surfaces of the O-ring 132 facing the nearer end thus have different axial distances parallel to the longitudinal axis L from the rear end 104 and the front end 102 as well as from the surfaces 122 and 126 of the flange 125.

[0050] The difference between the largest and the smallest distance between the outer surface of the O-ring 132 facing the rear end 104 and the rear end 104 and the difference between the largest and the smallest distance between the outer surface of the O-ring 132 facing the front end 102 and the front end 102 or a surface 122 or 126 of the flange corresponds in this example to 2 / 3 of the cord thickness Sa, here 1 mm.

[0051] Figure 2 shows an example of a second connecting part 200, into which the connecting part 100 of Figure 1d and Figure 4aIt comprises a body 206 extending along a longitudinal axis L, having a front end 202 and a rear end 204, with an outer surface 212 and an inner surface 240. An opening 238 extends between the front end 202 and the rear end 204. At the front end 202 there is a surface 222 which serves as a stop surface for the surface 122 of the connecting part 100 made of Figure 1 and a chamfer 242 which facilitates the insertion of the connecting part 100 into the opening 238 of the connecting part 200.

[0052] The Figure 3a and 3b show an example of the connection from the first connecting part 100 from Figure 1d and the second connecting part 200 made of Figure 2 in different states.

[0053] In Figure 3a the O-ring 132 is just beginning to come into contact with the surface of the chamfer 242 at one point (seen on the left).

[0054] The O-ring 132 doesn't have to be deformed across its entire circumference at the beginning of the joining process; instead, it starts at one point and then "wanders" along the circumference. This reduces the required force and facilitates mating.

[0055] Figure 3bshows, by way of example, the fully joined or nested connecting parts 100 and 200. The connection point or line is sealed by nesting the first connecting part 100 into the second connecting part 200 and the O-ring 132 in combination with the inner surface 240 for a fluid that can flow through the inner openings 138 and 238. The connecting parts 100 and 200 are radially aligned to the longitudinal axis L via a close tolerance, for example a fit H7 / h6 or H7 / h7 according to DIN ISO 286, of the inner surface 240 with a diameter D240 to the outer surface 120 with an outer diameter D120. The axial alignment of the connecting parts to one another to the longitudinal axis L is achieved by contact between surface 122 of the first connecting part 100 and surface 222 of the second connecting part 200.

[0056] This allows for simple joining and clear axial and radial positioning with low tolerance while simultaneously ensuring a tight connection.

[0057] Figure 4 shows again an example of a connecting part 100, similar to that in Figure 1 In contrast to Figure 1the groove 130 has not only a maximum distance and a minimum distance running parallel to the longitudinal axis L on the circumference, but several maximum and minimum distances. In concrete terms, this means in this example: the groove 130 extends over the circumference. However, a virtual center line M130 on the groove base 116 has different distances L116 parallel to the longitudinal axis L all the way around to a virtual fixed point F on the longitudinal axis L. A maximum distance L116 max , which in the example shown here occurs twice on the circumference, and in this example equidistantly, is half the groove width B130. In the example, the groove width is 2 mm, so L116 max is 1 mm.

[0058] A first lateral boundary of the groove 130, surface 114, has different distances L112 parallel to the longitudinal axis L from the rear end 104. A minimum distance is designated L112 min and a maximum distance is designated L112 max. The minimum and maximum distances are each present twice here.

[0059] A second lateral boundary of the groove 130, the surface 118, has different distances L128 parallel to the longitudinal axis L to the front end 102, different distances L120 to the surface 122 of the flange 125 and different distances L124 to the surface 126 of the flange 125. The Figure 4 The minimum distances between L128, L124, and L120 shown are labeled L128 min, L124 min, and L120 min, and the maximum distances are labeled L128 max, L124 max, and L120 max. The minimum and maximum distances are each shown twice.

[0060] The lateral boundaries - the surfaces 114 and 118 - of the groove 130 also have different distances parallel to the longitudinal axis L from the rear end 104 and the front end 102 as well as from the surfaces 122 and 126 of the flange 125. Of course, more than two minimum and maximum distances can be realized.

[0061] The difference between the largest and the smallest distance between one and the same boundary of the groove, the side surface 114, 118 and the rear end 104 or the front end 102 or a surface 122 or 126 of the flange corresponds in this example to half the groove width of 2 mm and is 1 mm here.

[0062] The surface 122 of the flange 125 can be used as an axial stop or for positioning axially to the longitudinal axis L in another connecting part, such as the connecting part 200 of Figure 2 serve.

[0063] The surfaces 112, 120 and 124 are outer surfaces and can serve for centering radially to the longitudinal axis L when the connecting part 100 is, for example, in the Figure 2 shown connecting part 200 is used.

[0064] The connecting part 100 has a continuous opening 138 with an inner surface 140 along the longitudinal axis L. A fluid can flow through this opening 138 when installed.

[0065] Figure 4a shows an example of the connecting part from Figure 4 with an O-ring 132 in the groove 130.

[0066] In this example, the O-ring has a cord thickness Sa of 1.5 mm. The virtual centerline M132 is located in the middle of the cord. The O-ring 132 extends around the circumference in the groove 130. However, a virtual centerline M132 has different distances L116a parallel to the longitudinal axis L from a fixed point F on the longitudinal axis L. The maximum distance L116a max in this example is 2 / 3 of the cord thickness Sa. In the example, the cord thickness Sa is 1.5 mm, so the maximum distance L116a max is 1 mm.

[0067] The outer surface of the O-ring 132 facing towards the rear end 104 has different distances L112a parallel to the longitudinal axis L from the rear end 104. The minimum distance is designated L112a min and the maximum distance L112a max. The outer surface of the O-ring 132 facing towards the front end 102 has different distances L128a parallel to the longitudinal axis L from the front end 102, different distances L120a from the surface 122 of the flange 125 and different distances L124a from the surface 126 of the flange 125. The Figure 4a The minimum distances of L128a, L124a, and L120a shown are designated L128a min, L124a min, and L120a min, and the maximum distances are designated L128a max, L124a max, and L120a max. The respective outer surfaces of the O-ring 132 facing the nearer end thus have different distances parallel to the longitudinal axis L from the rear end 104 and the front end 102, as well as from the surfaces 122 and 126 of the flange 125.

[0068] The difference between the largest and the smallest distance between the outer surface of the O-ring 132 facing the rear end 104 and the rear end 104 and the difference between the largest and the smallest distance between the outer surface of the O-ring 132 facing the front end 102 and the front end 102 or a surface 122 or 126 of the flange corresponds in this example to 2 / 3 of the cord thickness Sa, here 1 mm.

[0069] The Figure 5a and 5b show an example of the connection from the first connecting part 100 from Figure 4a and the second connecting part 200 made of Figure 2 in different states.

[0070] In Figure 5a the O-ring 132 is just beginning to come into contact with the surface of the chamfer 242 at two points (seen on the left and right).

[0071] The O-ring 132 does not have to be deformed across its entire circumference at the beginning of the joining process. Instead, it begins at two points located opposite each other on the circumference, and depending on the joining condition, the deformation occurs gradually over the entire circumference. This reduces the required force and facilitates insertion. Advantage over the Figure 3 is that the risk of jamming is reduced by the O-ring hitting the chamfer 242 at two points simultaneously.

[0072] To prevent tilting, it is advantageous to start the deformation in at least three places at the same time.

[0073] The disadvantage is that with an increasing number of contact points at the beginning of the joining process, more force is required for the joining.

[0074] Figure 5bshows, by way of example, the fully joined or nested connecting parts 100 and 200. The connection point or line is sealed by the nesting of the first connecting part 100 into the second connecting part 200 and the O-ring 132 in combination with the inner surface 240 for a fluid that can flow through the inner openings 138 and 238. The connecting parts 100 and 200 are radially aligned to the longitudinal axis L via a close tolerance, for example a fit H7 / h6 or H7 / h7 according to DIN ISO 286, of the inner surface 240 with the diameter D240 to the outer surface 120 with the outer diameter D120. The axial alignment of the connecting parts to the longitudinal axis L is achieved by the contact of surface 122 of the first connecting part 100 and surface 222 of the second connecting part 200.

[0075] This enables simple joining and clear axial and radial positioning to the longitudinal axis L with low tolerance while simultaneously ensuring a tight connection of the connecting parts.

[0076] Figure 6 shows a second connecting part 200 comprising a body 206 extending along a longitudinal axis L, with a front end 202 and a rear end 204, an outer surface 212 and with an inner surface 240 comprising a plurality of surfaces 214, 216, 218, 244 and 246.

[0077] The inner surface 240 has a circumferential groove 230. The groove 230 is delimited by lateral surfaces 214 and 218 as well as a groove base 216. The groove 230 has a groove width B230 and a groove depth T230 and is suitable for receiving an O-ring or a profile ring. The groove 230 extends over the circumference. However, a virtual center line M230 on the groove base 216 has different distances L216 from a fixed point F on the longitudinal axis L, parallel to the longitudinal axis L. In this example, a maximum distance L216 max is half the groove width B230. In the example, the groove width is 2 mm, so L216 max is 1 mm.

[0078] The first lateral boundary of the groove 230, the surface 214, has different distances L212 parallel to the longitudinal axis L from the rear end 204 of the connecting part 200. The minimum distance is designated L212 min and the maximum distance is designated L212 max.

[0079] The second lateral boundary of the groove 230, the surface 218, has different distances L228 parallel to the longitudinal axis L from the front end 202 of the connecting part 200. The minimum distance is designated L228 min and the maximum distance is designated L228 max.

[0080] The lateral boundaries - the surfaces 214 and 218 - of the groove 230 therefore have different distances from the rear end 204 and the front end 202, running parallel to the longitudinal axis L.

[0081] The difference between the largest and the smallest distance between one and the same boundary of the groove, the lateral surface 214 or 218 and the rear end 204 or the front end 202 corresponds in this example to half the groove width of 2 mm and is 1 mm here.

[0082] Figure 6a shows as an example the connecting part 200 from Figure 6 with an O-ring 232 in the groove 230.

[0083] In this example, the O-ring 232 has a cord thickness Sa of 1.5 mm. A virtual centerline M232 is located in the middle of the cord. The O-ring 232 extends circumferentially in the groove 230. However, a virtual centerline M232 has different distances L216a from a fixed point F on the longitudinal axis L, parallel to the longitudinal axis L. In this example, the maximum distance L216a max is 2 / 3 of the cord thickness Sa. In the example, the cord thickness Sa is 1.5 mm, so the maximum distance L216a max is 1 mm.

[0084] The outer surface of the O-ring 232 facing toward the rear end 204 has different distances L212a from the rear end 204 parallel to the longitudinal axis L. The minimum distance is designated L212a min and the maximum distance is designated L212a max.

[0085] The outer surface of the O-ring 232 facing toward the front end 202 has different distances L228a from the front end 202 parallel to the longitudinal axis L. The minimum distance is designated L228a min and the maximum distance is designated L228a max.

[0086] The respective outer surfaces of the O-ring 232 facing the nearer end thus have different axial distances from the rear end 204 and the front end 202 parallel to the longitudinal axis L.

[0087] The difference between the largest and the smallest distance between the outer surface of the O-ring 232 facing the rear end 204 and the rear end 204 and the difference between the largest and the smallest distance between the outer surface of the O-ring 232 facing the front end 202 and the front end 202 corresponds in this example to 2 / 3 of the cord thickness Sa, here 1 mm.

[0088] Figure 7shows an example of a first connecting part 100 which is inserted into the connecting part 200 of Figure 6a It comprises a body 106 extending along a longitudinal axis L, having a front end 102 and a rear end 104, an outer surface 110 comprising a plurality of surfaces 112, 122, 124, 126, and 128, and an inner surface 140. An opening 138 extends between the front end 102 and the rear end 104. A chamfer 142 is located at the rear end 104 to facilitate insertion of the connecting part 100 into the opening 238 of the connecting part 200.

[0089] Furthermore, on the outer surface 110 there is a flange 125 which is bounded by the surfaces (outer surfaces) 122, 124 and 126.

[0090] The rear end 104 has an outer surface 108.

[0091] The outer surface 122 of the flange 125 can be used as an axial stop or for positioning axially to the longitudinal axis L, for example in the Figure 6a shown connecting part 200.

[0092] The outer surface 112 can serve for centering radially to the longitudinal axis L, for example, when the connecting part is in the position shown in the Figure 6 shown connecting part 200 is used.

[0093] The connecting part 100 has a continuous opening 138 with an inner surface 140 along the longitudinal axis L. A fluid can flow through this opening 138 when installed.

[0094] The Figure 8a and 8b show an example of the connection from the first connecting part 100 from Figure 7 and the second connecting part 200 made of Figure 6a in different states.

[0095] In Figure 8athe O-ring 132 just begins to contact the surface of the chamfer 142 at one point (seen on the right).

[0096] The O-ring 132 doesn't have to be deformed across its entire circumference at the beginning of the joining process; instead, it starts at one point and then "wanders" along the circumference. This reduces the required force and facilitates mating.

[0097] Figure 8bshows, by way of example, the fully joined or nested connecting parts 100 and 200. The connection point or line is sealed by nesting the first connecting part 100 into the second connecting part 200 and the O-ring 132 in combination with the surface 112, which is an outer surface, for a fluid that can flow through the inner openings 138 and 238. The connecting parts 100 and 200 are aligned radially to the longitudinal axis L via a close tolerance, for example a fit H7 / h6 or H7 / h7 according to DIN ISO 286, the inner surface 246, which is an inner surface, with the diameter D246 to the surface 112, which is an outer surface, with the diameter D112. The axial alignment of the connecting parts relative to the longitudinal axis L is achieved by contact between surface 122 of the first connecting part 100 and surface 222 of the second connecting part 200.

[0098] This allows for simple joining and clear axial and radial positioning with low tolerance while simultaneously ensuring a tight connection.

[0099] Figure 9 shows, by way of example, a second connecting part 200 comprising a body 206 extending along a longitudinal axis L, with a front end 202 and a rear end 204, with an outer surface 212 and an inner surface 240 comprising a plurality of surfaces 214, 216, 218, 244, 246, 250, 252, 254 and 256.

[0100] The inner surface 240 has a circumferential groove 230. The groove 230 is delimited by lateral surfaces 214 and 218 as well as the groove base 216. The groove 230 has a groove width B230 and a groove depth T230 and is suitable for receiving an O-ring or a profile ring. The groove 230 extends over the circumference. However, a virtual center line M230 has different distances L216 from a fixed point F on the longitudinal axis L in the direction of the longitudinal axis L. The maximum distance L216 max in this example is half the groove width B230. In the example, the groove width is 2 mm, so L216 max is 1 mm.

[0101] The second lateral boundary of the groove 230, surface 218, has different distances L228 parallel to the longitudinal axis L from the front end 202 of the connecting part 200. The minimum distance is designated L228 min and the maximum distance is designated L228 max. The minimum and maximum distances are each present twice here.

[0102] The first lateral boundary of the groove 230, the surface 214, has different distances L212 parallel to the longitudinal axis L to the rear end 204, different distances L220 to the surface 254 of the flange 248 and different distances L224 to the surface 250 of the flange 248. The Figure 9 The minimum distances between L212, L224, and L220 shown are labeled L212 min, L224 min, and L220 min, and the maximum distances are labeled L212 max, L224 max, and L220 max. The minimum and maximum distances are each shown twice.

[0103] Of course, more than two minimum and maximum distances can be realized.

[0104] The lateral boundaries - the surfaces 214 and 218 - of the groove 230 therefore have different distances from the rear end 204 and the front end 202, running parallel to the longitudinal axis L.

[0105] The difference between the largest and the smallest distance between one and the same boundary of the groove, the lateral surface 214, 218 and the rear end 204 or the front end 202 or a surface 250 or 254 of the flange 248 corresponds, for example, to half the groove width of, for example, 2 mm and is 1 mm here.

[0106] The surface 254 of the flange 248 can be used as an axial stop or for positioning axially to the longitudinal axis L, for example in the Figure 10 shown connecting part 100.

[0107] The inner surfaces 244 and 246 can serve for centering radially to the longitudinal axis L, if the connecting part 200 is inserted, for example, into the Figure 10 shown connecting part (100) is inserted.

[0108] Figure 9a shows as an example the connecting part 200 from Figure 9 with an O-ring 232 in the groove 230.

[0109] In this example, the O-ring 232 has a cord thickness Sa of 1.5 mm. A virtual centerline M232 is located in the middle of the cord. The O-ring 232 extends circumferentially in the groove 230. However, a virtual centerline M232 has different distances L216a parallel to the longitudinal axis L from a fixed point F on the longitudinal axis L. In this example, the maximum distance L216a max is 2 / 3 of the cord thickness Sa. In the example, the cord thickness Sa is 1.5 mm, so the maximum distance L216a max is 1 mm.

[0110] The outer surface of the O-ring 232 facing toward the rear end 204 has different distances L212a from the rear end 204 parallel to the longitudinal axis L. The minimum distance is designated L212a min and the maximum distance is designated L212a max.

[0111] The outer surface of the O-ring 232 facing toward the front end 202 has different distances L228a from the front end 202 parallel to the longitudinal axis L. The minimum distance is designated L228a min and the maximum distance is designated L228a max.

[0112] The respective outer surfaces of the O-ring 232 facing the nearer end thus have different axial distances from the rear end 204 and the front end 202 parallel to the longitudinal axis L.

[0113] The minimum and maximum distances are each present twice here.

[0114] The difference between the largest and the smallest distance between the outer surface of the O-ring 232 facing the rear end 204 and the rear end 204 and the difference between the largest and the smallest distance between the outer surface of the O-ring 232 facing the front end 202 and the front end 202 corresponds in this example to 2 / 3 of the cord thickness Sa, here 1 mm.

[0115] Figure 10 shows an example of a first connecting part 100 which is inserted into the connecting part 200 of Figure 9a It comprises a body 106 extending along a longitudinal axis L, having a front end 102 and a rear end 104, having an outer surface 110, a surface 112, and an inner surface 140. An opening 138 extends between the front end 102 and the rear end 104. At the rear end 104 there is a chamfer 142 which facilitates the insertion of the connecting part 100 into the opening 238 of the connecting part 200.

[0116] The outer surface 112 can serve for centering radially to the longitudinal axis L, for example, when the connecting part is inserted into the Figure 9a shown connecting part 200 is used.

[0117] The connecting part 100 has a continuous opening 138 with an inner surface 140 along the longitudinal axis L. A fluid can flow through this opening 138 when installed.

[0118] The Figure 11a and 11b show an example of the connection from the first connecting part 100 from Figure 10 and the second connecting part 200 made of Figure 9a in different states.

[0119] In Figure 11aThe O-ring 232 is just beginning to touch the surface of the chamfer 142 at two points (seen left and right). The O-ring 232 does not have to be deformed over its entire circumference right at the beginning of the joining process, but rather it begins here at two points located opposite each other on the circumference. Depending on the joining state, the deformation occurs gradually over the entire circumference, with the points then "migrating" along the circumference. This reduces the required force and facilitates insertion. This is an advantage over the Figure 8a and 8b shown figures is that the risk of jamming is reduced by the O-ring hitting the chamfer 142 at two points.

[0120] To prevent tilting, it is advantageous to start the deformation in at least three places at the same time.

[0121] The disadvantage is that with an increasing number of contact points at the beginning of the joining process, more force is required for the joining.

[0122] Figure 11b shows, by way of example, the fully joined or nested connecting parts 100 and 200. The connection point or line is sealed by the nesting of the first connecting part 100 into the second connecting part 200 and the O-ring 232 in combination with the outer surface 112 for a fluid that can flow through the inner openings 138 and 238. The connecting parts 100 and 200 are aligned radially to the longitudinal axis L via a close tolerance of the inner surface 246 with a diameter D246 to the outer surface 112 with an outer diameter D112.

[0123] As an example, a tolerance of H7 / h6 for D246 and D112 according to DIN ISO 286 has been chosen here.

[0124] The axial alignment of the connecting parts relative to the longitudinal axis L is achieved by contact between the surface 108 at the rear end 104 of the first connecting part 100 and the surface 254 of the flange 248 of the second connecting part 200.

[0125] This allows for simple joining and clear axial and radial positioning with low tolerance while simultaneously ensuring a tight connection.

[0126] Figure 12 shows a first connecting part 100 comprising a body 106 extending along a longitudinal axis L, having a front end 102 and a rear end 104, with an outer surface 110 comprising a plurality of surfaces 108, 112, 114, 116, 118, 120, 122, 124, 126 and 128.

[0127] The outer surface 110 has a circumferential groove 130. The groove is defined by lateral surfaces 114 (facing the rear end 104) and 118 (facing the front end) as well as a groove base 116. The groove 130 has a groove width B130 and a groove depth T130 and is suitable for receiving an O-ring or a profile ring. The groove 130 extends over the circumference. Different groove shapes, as shown for example in the Figures 1a to 1c are shown.

[0128] Furthermore, on the outer surface 110 there is a flange 125 which is bounded by the surfaces 122, 124 and 126.

[0129] The surface 122 of the flange 125 can be used as an axial stop or for positioning axially to the longitudinal axis L, for example in the Figure 13 shown connecting part (200).

[0130] The outer surfaces 112 and 120 can serve for centering radially to the longitudinal axis L, if the connecting part 100 is, for example, in the Figure 13 shown connecting part 200 is used.

[0131] The connecting part 100 has a continuous opening 138 with an inner surface 140 along the longitudinal axis L. A fluid can flow through this opening 138 when installed.

[0132] The rear end 104 has an outer surface 108.

[0133] The Figure 12a shows the view A, i.e. the view from the rear end 104, of the connecting part 100 from Figure 12The contours of surface 124 of flange 125 and surface 112 of outer surface 110 are shown as examples. The contour of inner surface 140 is also shown as an example. Surface 122 of flange 125 is also shown as an example. The contour of flange 125 and surface 124 is a circle with a diameter D124. The contour of inner surface 140 is also a circle with a diameter D140. However, they could also have almost any other shape.

[0134] The contour of surface 112 has a minimum distance D112 min and a maximum distance D112 max extending through the longitudinal axis in the direction perpendicular to the longitudinal axis L. The distances D 112 (= radial distances) extending through the longitudinal axis L and perpendicular to the longitudinal axis L between the opposite contour sections of surface 112 are therefore not constant along the circumference. The distances vary on the circumference. The maximum distance D112 max is also in Figure 12 shown. The contour is exemplary elliptical.

[0135] The Figure 12b shows the section BB of the connecting part from Figure 12The contours of the outer surface 110, the surface 124 of the flange 125, the surface 120, and the surface of the groove bottom 116 are shown. The contour of the inner surface 140 is also shown. The surface 122 of the flange 125 is also shown. The contour of the flange 125 or the surface 124 is a circle with a diameter D124. The contour of the inner surface 140 is also a circle with a diameter D140. However, they could also have almost any other shape.

[0136] The contour of the surface 120 has, in the direction perpendicular to the longitudinal axis L, a smallest distance D120 min and a largest distance D120 max extending through the longitudinal axis. The contour of the surface of the groove base 116 has, in the direction perpendicular to the longitudinal axis L, a smallest distance D116 min and a largest distance D116 max extending through the longitudinal axis.

[0137] The distances D120 and D116 extending through the longitudinal axis L and perpendicular to the longitudinal axis L between the opposite contour sections of the surfaces 120 and 116 are therefore not constant along the circumference. The distances vary here on the circumference. The maximum distances D116 max and D120 max are also in Figure 12 shown.

[0138] In the example shown, the diameter D124 is 24 mm and the diameter D140 is 12 mm. The smallest distances D112 min and D120 min in this example are 20 mm, and the largest distances D112 max and D120 max in this example are 21 mm. The difference between the smallest and largest distance is therefore 1 mm, and the largest distance is 5% larger than the smallest distance. The smallest distance D116 min in this example is 18 mm, and the largest distance D116 max in this example is 19 mm. The difference between the smallest and largest distance is therefore 1 mm, and the largest distance is approximately 5.5% larger than the smallest distance.

[0139] Figure 12c shows the connecting part Figure 12 with an O-ring 132 in the groove (130).

[0140] In this example, the O-ring 132 has a cross section Sa of 1.5 mm. A virtual centerline M132 is located in the middle of the cross section. The O-ring 132 extends around the circumference in the groove 130. In this example, the groove depth T130 is 1 mm, and the groove width B130 is 2 mm.

[0141] The inner side of the O-ring 132 directed towards the longitudinal axis L is located with its innermost surface 132i at the groove bottom 116. The outer side of the O-ring 132 projects with the outermost surface 132a beyond the outer surfaces 112 and 120.

[0142] The Figure 12d shows the section CC of the connecting part from Figure 12c seen from the rear end 104. This view also shows a section through the O-ring 132.

[0143] The contours of surface 124 of flange 125 are shown from the outer surface 110. The contour of the inner surface 140 is also shown. Surface 122 of flange 125 is also shown. The contour of flange 125 or surface 124 is a circle with a diameter D124. The contour of the inner surface 140 is also a circle with a diameter D140. However, they could also have almost any other shape.

[0144] The contour of the innermost surface 132i of the O-ring 132 has, in the direction perpendicular to the longitudinal axis L, a smallest distance D132i min and a largest distance D132i max extending through the longitudinal axis.

[0145] The contour of the outermost surface 132a of the O-ring 132 has a smallest distance D132a min and a largest distance D132a max extending through the longitudinal axis in the direction perpendicular to the longitudinal axis L.

[0146] The distances D132i and D132a extending through the longitudinal axis L and perpendicular to the longitudinal axis L between the opposite contour sections of the surfaces 132i and 132a of the O-ring 132 are therefore not constant along the circumference. The distances vary here on the circumference. The largest distances D132i max and D132a max are also in Figure 12c shown.

[0147] In this example, the smallest distance D132i min is 18 mm, and the largest distance D132i max is 19 mm. The difference between the smallest and largest distances is therefore 1 mm, and the largest distance is approximately 5.5% larger than the smallest distance. Since the cross section Sa of the O-ring is 1.5 mm in this example, the difference of 1 mm is equal to 2 / 3 of the cross section Sa.

[0148] In this example, the smallest distance D132a min is 21 mm, and the largest distance D132a max is 22 mm. The difference between the smallest and largest distances is therefore 1 mm, and the largest distance is approximately 4.7% larger than the smallest distance. Since the cross section Sa of the O-ring is 1.5 mm in this example, the difference of 1 mm is equal to 2 / 3 of the cross section Sa.

[0149] The contours of the outer surfaces 112 and 120 can also be circular with a constant diameter D112 and D120 along the circumference; thus, there need not be a maximum and a minimum distance. However, the smallest distance D132a min extending through the longitudinal axis L and perpendicular to the longitudinal axis L between the opposite contour sections of the surfaces 132a of the O-ring is then greater than the two diameters D112 and D120.

[0150] Figure 13shows a sectional view of an exemplary second connecting part 200, into which, for example, the connecting part 100 from Figure 12c It comprises a body 206 extending along a longitudinal axis L, having a front end 202 and a rear end 204, with an outer surface 212 and inner surfaces 242 and 244. An opening 238 extends between the front end 202 and the rear end 204. At the front end 202 there is a surface 222 which serves as a stop surface for the stop surface 122 of the connecting part 100 made of Figure 12c serves.

[0151] The opening 238 has, as viewed from the front end 202, a second section with the inner surface 242 and a third section with the inner surface 244. A body edge 242a is formed in the transition from the outer surface 222 to the inner surface 242. A body edge 242b is formed at least over a partial circumference at the transition from the inner surface 242 to the inner surface 244. The body edges 242a and 242b can, for example, be rounded, e.g., provided with a radius. In this example, at least over a partial circumference, it is formed as a chamfer, i.e., oblique to the longitudinal axis and here, for example, with an angle α of 20° to the longitudinal axis included between the longitudinal axis L and the surface 242. The body edge 242b has different distances L242b from the front end 202 parallel to the longitudinal axis L. The greatest distance is designated L242b max and the smallest distance L242b min.The inner surface 242 of the chamfer thus has different distances along the circumference between the body edges 242a and 242b both parallel to the longitudinal axis L and parallel to the surface 242.

[0152] The Figure 13a shows the sectioned view CC of the same connecting part 200, which is for viewing in Figure 13 is rotated by 90° around the longitudinal axis L. It should once again clarify the formation of the surface 242, otherwise the description of Figure 13 .

[0153] The Figure 13b shows view B of the second connecting part 200 from Figure 13 , i.e., viewed from the front end 202. The outer contour of the outer surface 212 and the inner contours of the inner surfaces 242, 244, and 246, as well as the body edges 242a and 242b, are visible. In this example, the outer contour 212 is a circle with a diameter D212, but it could also have a different shape.

[0154] In summary, the Figures 13 ,13a and 13b The design of the opening 238 is described below.

[0155] The inner contour of the first section with the inner surface 246, which consists only of the body edge 242a, is a circle with a diameter D246. The inner contour of the third section with the inner surface 244 has a smallest distance D244 min extending through the longitudinal axis L in the direction perpendicular to the longitudinal axis L, which in Figure 13 and 13b shown, and a maximum distance D244 max , which is Figure 13a and 13b The second section, which forms the transition between the first and the third section, has a chamfer with the inner surface 242 over at least a partial area of ​​the circumference, as shown in Figure 13 and 13b The smallest distance D244 min is smaller than the diameter D246. The largest distance D244 max is equal to the diameter D246, as shown in Figure 13a and13b shown, but could also be smaller than D246.

[0156] In the example shown, the diameter D246 = 23 mm, the largest distance D244 max = 21.2 mm, and the smallest distance D244 min = 20.2 mm. The difference between the largest distance D244 max and the smallest distance D244 min is therefore 1 mm and just under 5%. Therefore, the difference L243 between the maximum distance L242b max and the minimum distance L242b min is 1.1 mm. Figures 14a and14b show an example of the connection from the first connecting part 100 from Figure 12c and the second connecting part 200 made of Figure 13 in different states.

[0157] In Figure 14aThe contact of the O-ring 132 with the inner surface 242 of the chamfer and with the body edge 242b initially begins only at two points 300, which are arranged opposite one another on the circumference, i.e., in this example, only on a partial circumference. The O-ring 132 does not have to be deformed over its entire circumference right at the beginning of the joining process; instead, it begins initially at two points, i.e., on a partial circumference, and depending on the joining state, the deformation gradually occurs over the entire circumference. This reduces the required force and facilitates insertion.

[0158] Figure 14bshows the fully assembled or nested connecting parts 100 and 200. The connection point or line is sealed by the nesting of the first connecting part 100 into the second connecting part 200 and the O-ring 132 in combination with the inner surface 240 for a fluid that can flow through the inner openings 138 and 238. The connecting parts 100 and 200 are radially aligned to the longitudinal axis L via a close tolerance, for example, a fit H7 / h6 or H7 / h7 according to DIN ISO 286, of the inner surface 244 to the outer surface 112. The axial alignment of the connecting parts 100 and 200 to the longitudinal axis L is achieved by contact between surface 122 of the first connecting part 100 and surface 222 of the second connecting part 200.

[0159] This allows for simple joining and clear axial and radial positioning to the longitudinal axis L with low tolerance while simultaneously ensuring a tight connection between the connecting parts 100 and 200.

[0160] Figure 15 shows a first connecting part 100 comprising a body 106 extending along a longitudinal axis L, with a front end 102 and a rear end 104, with an outer surface 110 comprising a plurality of surfaces 112, 114, 116, 118, 120, 122, 124, 126, 128, 134 and 136.

[0161] The outer surface 110 has a circumferential groove 130. The groove is defined by lateral surfaces 114 and 118 and a groove base 116. The groove 130 has a groove width B130 and a groove depth suitable for receiving an O-ring or a profile ring. The groove 130 extends over the circumference. Different groove shapes, as shown for example in the Figures 1a to 1c are shown.

[0162] Furthermore, on the outer surface 110 there is a flange 125 which is bounded by surfaces 122, 124 and 126.

[0163] Furthermore, an outer surface 134 is located on the outer surface 110. The section with the outer surface 134 has a diameter D134 that is larger than the diameter D120 of the section with the outer surface 120.

[0164] The outer surface 134 serves for centering radially to the longitudinal axis L, for example when the connecting part is inserted into the Figure 16a shown connecting part 200 is used.

[0165] The surface 122 of the flange 125 can be used as an axial stop or for positioning axially to the longitudinal axis L, for example in the Figure 16a shown connecting part 200.

[0166] The connecting part 100 has a continuous opening 138 with an inner surface 140 along the longitudinal axis L. A fluid can flow through this opening 138 when installed.

[0167] The rear end 104 has an outer surface 108.

[0168] The Figure 15a shows the view A, i.e. the view from the rear end 104, of the connecting part 100 from Figure 15 The contours of the outer surface 110, surface 124 of the flange 125, surface 112, and surface 134, which acts as a centering surface, are shown. The contour of the inner surface 140 is also shown. Also shown are surface 122 of the flange 125 and surface 136. Furthermore, surface 108 of the rear end 104 is shown.

[0169] The contour of surface 124 is a circle with a diameter of D124. The contour of surface 134 is a circle with a diameter of D134. The contour of inner surface 140 is also a circle with a diameter of D140. However, the contours can also have almost any other shape.

[0170] The contour of surface 112 has a minimum distance D112 min and a maximum distance D112 max extending through the longitudinal axis L in the direction perpendicular to the longitudinal axis L. The distances D112 extending through the longitudinal axis L and perpendicular to the longitudinal axis L between the opposite contour sections of surface 112 are therefore not constant along the circumference. The distances vary on the circumference. The maximum distance D112 max is also in Figure 15 shown.

[0171] The Figure 15b shows the section BB of the connecting part 100 from Figure 15. Of the outer surface 110, the contours of surface 124 of the flange 125, surface 120, surface 134, and the surface of the groove bottom 116 are shown. The contour of the inner surface 140 is also shown. Furthermore, the surface 122 of the flange 125 is shown. Likewise, the surface 136 is shown. The contour of surface 124 is a circle with a diameter D124, the contour of surface 134 is a circle with a diameter D134, and the contour of surface 120 is also a circle with a diameter D120. The contour of the inner surface 140 is also a circle with a diameter D140. However, they can also have almost any other shape.It is important that the greatest distance extending perpendicular to the longitudinal axis between the longitudinal axis L and one or more points or sections of the contour of the surface 134 is greater than the greatest distance extending perpendicular to the longitudinal axis between the longitudinal axis L and one or more points or sections of the contour of the surface 120.

[0172] The contour of the surface of the groove bottom 116 has, in the direction perpendicular to the longitudinal axis L, a smallest distance D116 min and a largest distance D116 max extending through the longitudinal axis.

[0173] The distances D116 extending through the longitudinal axis L and perpendicular to the longitudinal axis L between the opposite contour sections of the surfaces 116 are therefore not constant along the circumference. The distances vary here on the circumference. The maximum distance D116 max is also in Figure 15 shown.

[0174] In the example shown, the diameter D124 = 24 mm, the diameter D140 = 12 mm, the diameter D120 = 20 mm and the diameter D 134 = 23 mm. The diameter D134 has particularly close tolerances, for example with a fit h6 (-13 to 0 µm) or h7 (-21 to 0 µm) according to DIN ISO 286. The smallest distance D116 min in this example is 18 mm and the largest distance D116 max is 19 mm, so the difference between the smallest and largest distance is 1 mm and the largest distance is approx. 5.5% larger than the smallest distance.

[0175] The smallest distance D112 min in this example is 20 mm and the largest distance D112 max in this example is 21 mm, so the difference between the smallest and the largest distance is 1 mm and the largest distance is 5% larger than the smallest distance.

[0176] The groove depth T112, i.e. the distance between the groove bottom 116 and the surface 112 perpendicular to the longitudinal axis L or along the lateral boundary surface 114 of the groove 130, is in this example a constant 1 mm [T112=(D112 min -D116 min ) / 2 and T112=(D112 max -D116 max ) / 2]. The smallest distance between the groove bottom 116 and the surface 120 perpendicular to the longitudinal axis L or along the lateral boundary surface 114 of the groove 130 T120 min is in this example 0.5 mm [T120 min =(D120-D116 max ) / 2] and the largest distance T120 max is in this example 1 mm [T120 max =(D120-D116 min ) / 2].

[0177] On one side of the groove, in this example on the side of the surface 118, the groove has different distances extending axially to the longitudinal axis L between the groove bottom 116 and the surface 120 along the circumference.

[0178] The diameter D120 must be greater than or equal to the smallest distance D116 min and less than or equal to the largest distance D112 max [D116 min < D120 < = D112 max ].

[0179] Figure 15c shows the connecting part 100 from Figure 15 with an O-ring 132 in the groove 130.

[0180] The O-ring 132 has a cross-sectional area Sa of, for example, 1.5 mm. A virtual centerline M132 is located in the center of the cross-sectional area. The O-ring 132 extends circumferentially in the groove 130.

[0181] The inner side of the O-ring 132, directed towards the longitudinal axis L, is located with its innermost surface 132i at the groove bottom 116. The outer side of the O-ring 132 projects with the outermost surface 132a beyond the outer surfaces 112 and 120.

[0182] The Figure 15d shows the section CC of the connecting part from Figure 15c seen from the rear end 104. This view also shows a section through the O-ring 132.

[0183] The contours of surface 124 of flange 125 and surface 134 of outer surface 110 are shown. The contour of inner surface 140 is also shown. Surface 122 of flange 125 and surface 136 are also shown. The contour of surface 124 is a circle with a diameter D124, and the contour of surface 134 is a circle with a diameter D134. The contour of inner surface 140 is also a circle with a diameter D140. However, they can also have almost any other shape.

[0184] The contour of the innermost surface 132i of the O-ring 132 has, in the direction perpendicular to the longitudinal axis L, a smallest distance D132i min and a largest distance D132i max extending through the longitudinal axis L.

[0185] The contour of the outermost surface 132a of the O-ring 132 has, in the direction perpendicular to the longitudinal axis L, a smallest distance D132a min and a largest distance D132a max extending through the longitudinal axis L.

[0186] In this example, the smallest distance D132i min of the innermost surface 132i is 18 mm, and the largest distance D132i max of the innermost surface 132i is 19 mm. The difference between the smallest and largest distances is therefore 1 mm, and the largest distance is approximately 5.5% larger than the smallest distance. Since the cross section Sa of the O-ring is 1.5 mm in this example, the difference of 1 mm is 2 / 3 of the cross section Sa.

[0187] In this example, the smallest distance D132a min of the outermost surface 132a is 21 mm, and the largest distance D132a max of the outermost surface 132a is 22 mm. The difference between the smallest and largest distances is therefore 1 mm, and the largest distance is approximately 4.7% larger than the smallest distance. Since the cross section Sa of the O-ring is 1.5 mm in this example, the difference of 1 mm is 2 / 3 of the cross section Sa.

[0188] The smallest distance D132a min extending through the longitudinal axis and perpendicular to the longitudinal axis L between the opposite contour sections of the surfaces 132a of the O-ring must be greater than the diameter D120.

[0189] The largest distance D132a max extending through the longitudinal axis and perpendicular to the longitudinal axis L between the opposite contour sections of the surfaces 132a of the O-ring must be greater than the largest distance D112 max.

[0190] Figure 16 shows an example of a sectional view of a second connecting part 200, into which, for example, the connecting part 100 from Figure 15cIt comprises a body 206 extending along a longitudinal axis L, having a front end 202 and a rear end 204, having an outer surface 212 and inner surfaces 242, 244 and 246. An opening 238 extends between the front end 202 and the rear end 204. At the front end 202 there is a surface 222 which serves as a stop surface for the stop surface 122 of the connecting part 100 made of Figure 15 serves.

[0191] The opening 238 has, as viewed from the front end 202, a first section with the inner surface 246, a second section with the inner surface 242, and a third section with the inner surface 244. A body edge 242a is formed at the transition from the inner surface 246 to the inner surface 242. In this example, a body edge 242b is formed over the entire circumference at the transition from the inner surface 242 to the inner surface 244. The body edges 242a and 242b can be rounded, for example, with a radius. The inner surface 242 is therefore located between the inner surfaces 246 and 244. A chamfer is formed over the entire circumference, for example, obliquely to the longitudinal axis L and here, for example, with an angle α of 20° to the longitudinal axis included between the longitudinal axis L and the surface 242, and realizes the transition between the first section with the inner surface 246 and the third section with the inner surface 244.The body edge 242b has different distances L242b from the front end 202 parallel to the longitudinal axis L. The largest distance is designated L242b max and the smallest distance is designated L242b min. The inner surface 242 of the chamfer thus has different distances along the circumference between the body edges 242a and 242b, both parallel to the longitudinal axis L and parallel to the surface 242. The distances of the body edges 242b from the front end 202 parallel to the longitudinal axis are greater than the distance of the body edge 242a from the front end 202.

[0192] The Figure 16a shows the sectioned view CC of the same connecting part 200, which is for viewing in Figure 16 is rotated by 90° around the longitudinal axis L. It should once again clarify the formation of the surface 242, otherwise the description of Figure 16 .

[0193] The Figure 16b shows view B of the second connecting part 200 from Figure 16, i.e., viewed from the front end 202. The outer contour of the outer surface 212 and the inner contours of the inner surfaces 242, 244, and 246, as well as the body edges 242a and 242b, are visible. The outer contour 212 is a circle with a diameter D212, but could also have a different shape. It can be seen that the inner surface 242 of the chamfer extends over the entire circumference in this exemplary embodiment.

[0194] In summary, the Figures 16 , 16a and 16b The design of the opening 238 is described below.

[0195] The inner contour of the first section with the inner surface 246 is a circle with a diameter D246. The inner contour of the third section with the inner surface 244 has a smallest distance D244 min extending through the longitudinal axis in the direction perpendicular to the longitudinal axis L, which in Figure 16a and 16bshown and largest distance D244 max , which is in Figure 16 and 16b The second section, which forms the transition between the first and third sections, has a chamfer with the inner surface 242 over the entire circumference, as shown in the Figures 16 , 16a and 16b The largest distance D244 max is smaller than the diameter D246, as shown in Figure 16 and 16b shown.

[0196] In the example shown, the diameter D246 = 23 mm, the largest distance D244 max = 21.2 mm, and the smallest distance D244 min = 20.2 mm. The difference between the largest distance D244 max and the smallest distance D244 min is therefore 1 mm, or just under 5% of the largest distance.

[0197] The difference between the maximum distance L242b max and the minimum distance L242b min in this example is 1.1 mm.

[0198] The diameter D246 has a particularly tight tolerance, for example, with a fit H 7 (0 to +21µm) according to DIN ISO 286. This ensures radial alignment or centering to the longitudinal axis L between the first connecting part 100 and the second connecting part 200. The outer surface 134 of the first connecting part 100 and the inner surface 246 of the second connecting part 200 are arranged at a closely tolerated distance from one another and at least partially touch one another.

[0199] The Figures 17a and 17b show an example of the connection from the first connecting part 100 from Figure 15 or 15c and the second connecting part 200 made of Figure 16 in different states.

[0200] In Figure 17aThe O-ring 132 initially begins to contact the inner surface 242 of the chamfer 242 and the body edge 242b only at two points 300. The O-ring 132 does not have to be deformed over its entire circumference right at the beginning of the joining process; instead, it begins initially at two points, i.e., on a partial circumference. Depending on the joining state, the deformation gradually occurs over the entire circumference. This reduces the required force and facilitates insertion.

[0201] Figure 17bshows the fully joined or nested connecting parts 100 and 200. The connection point or line is sealed by the nesting of the first connecting part 100 into the second connecting part 200 and the O-ring 132 in combination with the inner surface 240 for a fluid that can flow through the inner openings 138 and 238. The connecting parts 100 and 200 are aligned radially to the longitudinal axis L via a close tolerance, e.g. a fit h6 / H7, according to DIN ISO 286, the inner surface 246 with the diameter D246 (H7, from 0 to +21 µm) to the outer surface 134 with the diameter D134 (h6, from -13 to 0 µm). For example, a fit h7 / H7 according to DIN ISO 286, the inner surface 246 with the diameter D246 (H7, from 0 to +21µm) to the outer surface 134 with the diameter D134 (h7, from -21 to 0 µm) is also possible.The axial alignment of the connecting parts 100 and 200 relative to the longitudinal axis L is achieved by the contact of the surface 122 of the first connecting part 100 and the surface 222 of the second connecting part 200.

[0202] This allows for simple joining and clear axial and radial positioning with low tolerance while simultaneously ensuring a tight connection.

[0203] In addition, by designing the outer contour of surface 112 (outer surface) of connecting part 100 with the largest distance D112 max and the minimum distance D112 min, and by designing the contour of surface (inner surface) 244 with the maximum distance D244 max and the minimum distance D244 min, positioning along the circumference is also possible. In the example shown, there are exactly two positions, offset by 180° rotation around the longitudinal axis L, in which the connecting parts can be joined or plugged into one another, namely where surfaces 112 and 244, with their D112 max and D244 max as well as D112 min and D244 min, are arranged opposite one another.

[0204] Figure 18shows a first connecting part 100 comprising a body 106 extending along a longitudinal axis L, having a front end 102 and a rear end 104, with an outer surface 110 comprising a plurality of surfaces 112, 114, 116, 118, 120, 122, 124, 126, 128, 134, 136, 144 and 146.

[0205] The outer surface 110 has a circumferential groove 130. The groove is defined by lateral surfaces 114 and 118 and a groove base 116. The groove 130 has a groove width B130 and a groove depth suitable for receiving an O-ring or a profile ring. The groove 130 extends over the circumference. Different groove shapes, as shown for example in the Figures 1a to 1c are shown.

[0206] Furthermore, on the outer surface 110 there is a flange 125 which is bounded by the surfaces 122, 124 and 126.

[0207] On the outer surface 110, there is a surface 144 located between the surface 120 and the outer surface 134. The section with the surface 144 has a diameter D144 that is greater than the maximum distance D120 max of the surface 120 extending through the longitudinal axis L in the direction perpendicular to the longitudinal axis L.

[0208] In the outer surface 144, there are three grooves or recesses 144a, 144b and 144c, whereby only two grooves are visible in this view. The grooves extend parallel to the longitudinal axis L. These ensure, for example, in conjunction with the lugs of the connecting part 200 made of Figure 19 the positioning rotationally to the longitudinal axis L along the circumference of the connecting parts to each other.

[0209] Furthermore, on the outer surface 110 there is a surface 134, which acts as a centering surface, and a surface 136. The section with the surface 134 has a diameter D134 that is greater than the largest distance D120 max of the surface 120 and greater than the diameter D144 of the section of the surface 144.

[0210] The surface 134 serves for centering radially to the longitudinal axis L, when the connecting part 100 is inserted, for example, into the Figure 19a shown connecting part 200 is used.

[0211] The stop surface 122 serves as an axial stop or for positioning axially to the longitudinal axis L, for example in the Figure 19a shown connecting part 200.

[0212] The connecting part 100 has a continuous opening 138 with an inner surface 140 along the longitudinal axis L. A fluid can flow through this opening 138 when installed.

[0213] The Figure 18ashows view A, i.e. the view from the rear end 104, of the connecting part Figure 18 . Of the outer surface 110, the contours of surface 124 of the flange 125, surface 120, surface 112, surface 144 and surface 134, which acts as a centering surface, are shown. The contour of the inner surface 140 is also shown. Also shown are surface 122 of the flange 125, surface 146 and surface 136. The contour of surface 124 is a circle with a diameter D124. The contour of surface 112 is also a circle with a diameter D112. The contour of the outer surface 144 is also a circle and here, for example, has three grooves 144a, 144b and 144c. The contour of surface 134 is a circle with a diameter D134. The contour of the inner surface 140 is also a circle with a diameter D140. However, the contours can also have almost any other shape.

[0214] The contour of the surface 120 has a smallest distance D120 min and a largest distance D120 max extending through the longitudinal axis in the direction perpendicular to the longitudinal axis L.

[0215] The Figure 18b shows the section BB of the connecting part from Figure 18. Of the outer surface 110, the contours of surface 124 of the flange 125, surface 120, surface 144, surface 134, and the surface of the groove bottom 116 are shown. The contour of the inner surface 140 is also shown. Furthermore, surface 122 of the flange 125 is shown. Surfaces 136 and 146 are also shown. The contour of surface 124 is a circle with a diameter D124, and the contour of surface 134 is a circle with a diameter D134. The contour of the outer surface 144 is also a circle and, here as an example, has three grooves 144a, 144b, and 144c. The contour of the inner surface 140 is also a circle with a diameter D140. However, they can also have almost any other shape.

[0216] It is important that the greatest distance extending perpendicular to the longitudinal axis between the longitudinal axis L and one or more points or sections of the contour of the surface 134 is greater than the greatest distance extending perpendicular to the longitudinal axis between the longitudinal axis L and one or more points or sections of the contour of the surfaces 112, 120 and 144.

[0217] The contour of the surface 120 has, in the direction perpendicular to the longitudinal axis L, a smallest distance D120 min and a largest distance D120 max extending through the longitudinal axis. In this example, the smallest distance D120 min is 20 mm and the largest distance D120 max = 21 mm. The contour of the surface of the groove base 116 has, in the direction perpendicular to the longitudinal axis L, a smallest distance D116 min and a largest distance D116 max extending through the longitudinal axis.

[0218] In the example shown, the diameter D112 = 20 mm, the diameter D124 = 24 mm, the diameter D140 = 12 mm, the diameter D144 = 23 mm and the diameter D 134 = 23.5 mm.

[0219] So D134 > D144 > D120 max > D112.

[0220] The diameter D134 has particularly close tolerances, for example with a fit h6 (-13 to 0 µm) or h7 (-21 to 0 µm) according to DIN ISO 286. The smallest distance D116 min in this example is 18 mm and the largest distance D116 max in this example is 19 mm, so the difference between the smallest and the largest distance is 1 mm and the largest distance is approx. 5.5% larger than the smallest distance.

[0221] The groove depth T120, ie the distance between the groove bottom 116 and the surface 120 perpendicular to the longitudinal axis L or along the lateral boundary surface 118 of the groove (130) is in this example constantly 1 mm [T120=(D120 min -D116 min ) / 2 and T120=(D120 max -D116 max ) / 2].

[0222] The minimum distance between the groove bottom 116 and the surface 112 perpendicular to the longitudinal axis L or along the lateral boundary surface 114 of the groove 130 is in this example 0.5 mm [T112 min =(D112-D116 max ) / 2] and the largest distance T112 max is 1 mm [[T112 max =(D112-D116 min ) / 2].

[0223] On one side of the groove, here on the side of the surface 114, the groove 130 has different distances T112 extending axially to the longitudinal axis L between the groove bottom 116 and the surface 112 along the circumference.

[0224] The largest distance D120 max must be greater than the largest distance D116 max and than the diameter D112 and this must be greater than the largest distance D116 max. [D120 max > D112 > D116 max ].

[0225] Figure 18c shows as an example the connecting part 100 from Figure 18 with an O-ring 132 in the groove 130.

[0226] The O-ring 132 has in this examplea cord thickness Sa of 1.5 mm. In the middle of the cord is a virtual center line M132. The O-ring 132 extends over the circumference in the groove 130. The inner side of the O-ring, directed towards the longitudinal axis L, is located with its innermost surface 132i at the groove bottom 116. The outer side of the O-ring 132 protrudes with the outermost surface 132a beyond the outer surfaces 112 and 120. The outer side of the O-ring 132 does not protrude with its outermost surface 132a beyond the outer surfaces 144 and 134. It is advantageous if it also does not protrude beyond the bottoms of the grooves 144a, 144b and 144c.

[0227] The Figure 18d shows the section CC of the connecting part 100 from Figure 18c seen from the rear end 104. This view also shows a section through the O-ring 132.

[0228] The contours of surface 124 of flange 125, surface 134, and surface 144 of outer surface 110 are shown. The contour of inner surface 140 is also shown. Surface 122 of flange 125 and surface 136 are also shown. The contour of surface 124 is a circle with a diameter D124, and the contour of surface 134 is a circle with a diameter D134. The contour of outer surface 144 is also a circle and, in this example, has three grooves 144a, 144b, and 144c. The contour of inner surface 140 is also a circle with a diameter D140. However, they can also have almost any other shape.

[0229] The contour of the innermost surface 132i of the O-ring 132 has, in the direction perpendicular to the longitudinal axis L, a smallest distance D132i min and a largest distance D132i max extending through the longitudinal axis.

[0230] The contour of the outermost surface 132a of the circular ring 132 has, in the direction perpendicular to the longitudinal axis L, a smallest distance D132a min and a largest distance D132a max extending through the longitudinal axis.

[0231] In this example, the smallest distance D132i min is 18 mm, and the largest distance D132i max is 19 mm. The difference between the smallest and largest distances is therefore 1 mm, and the largest distance is approximately 5.5% larger than the smallest distance. Since the O-ring's cross section Sa is 1.5 mm, the difference of 1 mm is 2 / 3 of the cross section Sa.

[0232] In this example, the smallest distance D132a min is 21 mm, and the largest distance D132a max is 22 mm. The difference between the smallest and largest distances is therefore 1 mm, and the largest distance is approximately 4.7% larger than the smallest distance. Since the cross section Sa of the O-ring is 1.5 mm in this example, the difference of 1 mm is 2 / 3 of the cross section Sa.

[0233] As in Figure 18 As described, the smallest distance D120 min is 20 mm and is therefore smaller than the smallest distance D132a min with 21 mm and the largest distance D120 max = 21 mm is smaller than the largest distance D132a max with 22 mm.

[0234] Figure 19 shows a sectional view of a second connecting part 200, into which, for example, the connecting part 100 from Figure 18cIt comprises a body 206 extending along a longitudinal axis L, having a front end 202 and a rear end 204, having an outer surface 212 and the inner surfaces 242, 244, 246 and 258. An opening 238 extends between the front end 202 and the rear end 204. At the front end 202 there is a surface 222 which serves as a stop surface for the stop surface 122 of the connecting part 100 made of Figure 18 serves.

[0235] The opening 238, viewed from the front end 202, has a first section with the inner surface 246, a fourth section with the inner surface 258, a second section with the inner surface 242, and a third section with the inner surface 244. A body edge 242a is formed at the transition from the inner surface 258 to the inner surface 242. In this example, a body edge 242b is formed over the entire circumference at the transition from the inner surface 242 to the inner surface 244. The body edges 242a and 242b can be rounded, for example, or provided with a radius. The inner surface 242 is therefore located between the inner surfaces 258 and 244.For example, a chamfer is formed along the entire circumference, i.e. obliquely to the longitudinal axis L and here, for example, with an angle α of 20° to the longitudinal axis included between the longitudinal axis L and the surface 242, and realizes the transition between the fourth section with the inner surface 258 and the third section with the inner surface 244. The body edge 242b has different distances L242b from the front end 202 parallel to the longitudinal axis L, the greatest distance being designated L242b max and the smallest distance L242b min. The inner surface 242 of the chamfer thus has different distances along the circumference between the body edges 242a and 242b, both parallel to the longitudinal axis L and parallel to the surface 242. The distances of the body edges 242b to the front end 202 parallel to the longitudinal axis L are greater than the distance of the body edge 242a to the front end 202.

[0236] For example, on the inner surface of the second section, there are three lugs or projections 258a, 258b, and 258c. In this figure, only projection 258b is visible.

[0237] The Figure 19a shows the sectioned view CC of the same connecting part 200, which is for viewing in Figure 19 is rotated by 90° around the longitudinal axis L. It should once again clarify the formation of the surface 242, otherwise the description of Figure 19 . The projections 258a and 258c can also be seen on the inner surface 258.

[0238] The Figure 19b shows view B of the second connecting part from Figure 19a, i.e., viewed from the front end 202. The outer contour of the outer surface 212 and the inner contours of the inner surfaces 242, 244, 246, and 258 with the projections 258a, 258b, and 258c, as well as the body edges 242a and 242b, can be seen. The outer contour 212 is a circle with a diameter D212, but could also have a different shape. It can be seen that the inner surface 242 of the chamfer extends over the entire circumference in this exemplary embodiment.

[0239] In summary, the Figures 19 , 19a and 19b The design of the opening 238 is described below.

[0240] The inner contour of the first section with the inner surface 246 is a circle with a diameter D246. The inner contour of the fourth section with the inner surface 258 is a circle with a diameter D258 with the projections or noses 258a, 258b and 258c, which are distributed and designed along the circumference of the inner surface in such a way that they engage with the grooves or depressions 144a, 144b and 144c when plugged together and in the plugged-together state with the connecting part 100. The inner contour of the third section with the inner surface 244 has a smallest distance D244 min extending through the longitudinal axis in the direction perpendicular to the longitudinal axis L, which in Figure 19 and 19b shown, and largest distance D244 max , which is in Figure 19a and 19b The second section, which forms the transition between the fourth and the third section, has a chamfer with the inner surface 242 over the entire circumference, as shown in the Figures 19 , 19a and 19b The largest distance D244 max is smaller than the diameter D246, as shown in Figure 19a and 19b shown.

[0241] In the example shown, the diameter D246 = 23 mm, the largest distance D244 max = 21.2 mm, and the smallest distance D244 min = 20.2 mm. The difference between the largest distance D244 max and the smallest distance D244 min is therefore 1 mm, or just under 5% of the largest distance.

[0242] The difference L243 between the maximum distance L242b max and the minimum distance L242b min is 1.1 mm.

[0243] The diameter D246 has a particularly tight tolerance, for example with a fit H 7 (0 to +21µm) according to DIN ISO 286. This ensures radial alignment or centering to the longitudinal axis L between the first connecting part (100) and the second connecting part 200. The outer surface 134 of the first connecting part 100 and the inner surface 246 of the second connecting part 200 are arranged at a closely tolerated distance from one another and at least partially touch one another.

[0244] The Figures 20a and 20b show an example of the connection from the first connecting part 100 from Figure 18c and the second connecting part 200 made of Figure 19in different joined states. The connecting parts are inserted into one another such that the grooves or recesses 144a, 144b and 144c correspond to the lugs or projections 258a, 258b and 258c and are in engagement with one another. The first and second connecting parts 100 and 200 can only be inserted or joined into one another in a rotational position relative to the longitudinal axis L, namely when the grooves or recesses correspond to the lugs or projections and are in engagement with one another. In this example, three projections and recesses are shown. It is particularly advantageous to choose an arrangement as described in DE 20 2007 005 316 A1. In the Figures 20a and 20b By way of example, a recess 258b and a projection 144b are shown which are in engagement with one another, i.e. are arranged opposite one another.

[0245] In Figure 20aThe O-ring (132) initially only begins to contact the inner surface 242 of the chamfer 242 and the body edge 242b at two points 300. The O-ring 132 does not have to be deformed over its entire circumference right at the beginning of the joining process; instead, it begins initially at two points, i.e., on a partial circumference. Depending on the joining state, the deformation gradually occurs over the entire circumference. This reduces the required force and facilitates insertion.

[0246] Figure 20bshows the fully joined or nested connecting parts 100 and 200. The connection point or line is sealed by the nesting of the first connecting part 100 into the second connecting part 200 and the O-ring 132 in combination with the inner surface 244 for a fluid that can flow through the inner openings 138 and 238. The connecting parts are aligned radially to the longitudinal axis L via a close tolerance, e.g. a fit h6 / H7, according to DIN ISO 286 of the inner surface 246 with the diameter D246 (H7, from 0 to +21 µm) to the outer surface 134 with the diameter D134 (h6, from -13 to 0 µm) or h7 (from -21 to 0 µm). The axial alignment of the connecting parts to each other relative to the longitudinal axis L is achieved by the contact of surface 122 of the first connecting part 100 and surface 222 of the second connecting part 200.

[0247] This enables simple joining and clear axial and radial positioning to the longitudinal axis L with low tolerance and at the same time a tight connection.

[0248] Figure 21 shows an example of a nozzle 2 for a plasma torch, which has the features of the connecting part 100 from the Figure 18 The nozzle has a nozzle bore or nozzle channel 46 at the front end, which constricts a plasma jet. The plasma gas that is ionized to generate the plasma jet is the fluid that flows through the interior space 138. The plasma jet itself flows through at least a portion of this interior space 138 before exiting through the nozzle channel 46. In this example, the nozzle has the features of the connecting part 100. Figure 18 Of course, all other embodiments shown in the previous figures are also possible.

[0249] A feature is shown here to keep the nozzle size as small as possible. The length L112 between the boundary 114 of the groove 130 directed toward the rear end 104 and the rear end 104 with the surface 108 is smaller than the groove width B130. In this case, it amounts to only 40% of the groove width B130.

[0250] Figure 21a shows, by way of example, the same nozzle 2 with an O-ring 132 in the groove 130. In this example, the nozzle 2 has the features of the connecting part 100 Figure 18c Of course, all other embodiments shown in the previous figures are also possible.

[0251] Another feature is shown here to keep the nozzle size as small as possible. The length L112a between the surface of the O-ring 130 facing the rear end 104 and the rear end 104 with surface 108 is smaller than the groove width B130. In this example, it is only half the groove width B130.

[0252] Such a nozzle 2 with the features according to the invention defined in the claims can also be used, for example, in a laser processing head.

[0253] Figure 22 shows essential components of a plasma torch head. These are at least one electrode 1, a nozzle 2, a nozzle holder 7, and a gas guide 4. The electrode is arranged in the inner cavity of the nozzle 2. Between the electrode 1 and the nozzle 2 is a gas guide 4 for the plasma gas PG, which flows through the gas guide 4, then the space between the electrode 1 and the nozzle 2, and finally out of the nozzle opening. The nozzle 2 is inserted into the nozzle holder 7. In this case, the nozzle 2 can have the features of the connecting part 100; all variants shown in the previous figures are possible. The nozzle holder 7 can have the features of the connecting part 200. Here, too, all variants shown in the previous figures are possible.

[0254] It is also possible for the nozzle 2 to have the features of the second connecting part 200 and the nozzle receptacle 7 of the first connecting part 100.

[0255] Since a nozzle wears heavily due to the operation of the plasma torch, it often needs to be replaced. Therefore, the advantages of the invention, namely the reduction in the force required during joining, the good alignment parallel and radial to the longitudinal axis L of the connecting parts, and, depending on the design, the rotational positioning relative to the longitudinal axis L along the circumference of the connecting parts, individually or in any combination, facilitate nozzle replacement.

[0256] In addition, a secure seal is achieved between the interior of the nozzle 2 and the space outside the nozzle holder 7.

[0257] In addition to the components mentioned, the plasma torch head shown here also has a nozzle cap 3 that secures the nozzle 2, a protective cap 5, a gas guide 6 that is located between the protective cap 5 and the nozzle cap 3 and insulates them from each other, and the protective cap holder 8 that holds the protective cap. The secondary gas SG flows through openings (not shown) in the gas guide 6, then through the space between the nozzle cap 3 and the nozzle protective cap 5, and finally out the front opening of the nozzle protective cap 5. It is also possible for the nozzle 2 and nozzle cap 3 to consist of one part. There are also plasma arc torch heads that are operated without secondary gas. These then generally have no nozzle protective cap or nozzle protective cap holder. The example shown is a water-cooled plasma torch head.The coolant flows via the coolant supply line WV through the nozzle holder 7, flows through the space 10 between the nozzle holder 7 and the nozzle 2, into the space between the nozzle 2 and the nozzle cap 3, before flowing back through the coolant return line WR.

[0258] The components shown, in particular subsequent wear parts such as the electrode 1, the gas guides 4 and 6, the nozzle cap 3, the nozzle protection cap 5, the nozzle receptacle 7, and the protection cap holder 8, can have the features according to the invention defined in the claims. However, other components of the plasma torch head and the entire plasma torch in which connections between two or more parts must be realized, for example, in a quick-change torch between a plasma torch head and a plasma torch shaft, as described in DE 10 2006 038 134 A1, can also be equipped with these features.

[0259] The preceding description focused on connecting parts and wear parts for a plasma torch head. The plasma torch head can be a plasma cutting head or a plasma welding torch head.

[0260] However, the description should also apply analogously to connecting parts and wear parts for laser processing, e.g. for laser cutting or laser welding, and thus to a laser cutting head or a laser welding head.

[0261] However, the description should also apply analogously to connecting parts and wear parts for plasma laser processing, e.g., for plasma laser cutting or plasma laser welding, and thus to a plasma laser cutting head or a plasma laser welding head. List of reference symbols

[0262] 1 Electrode 2 Nozzle 3 Nozzle cap 4 Plasma gas guide PG 5 Protective cap 6 Secondary gas guide SG 7 Nozzle holder 8 Protective cap holder 46 Nozzle bore, nozzle channel 100 First connecting part 102 Front end 104 Rear end 106 Body 108 Surface 110 Outer surface 112 Surface 114 Surface, lateral surface, lateral boundary surface of the groove 130 116 Surface, groove bottom 118 Surface, lateral boundary surface of the groove 130 120 Surface, outer surface 122 Surface 124 Surface 125 Flange 126 Surface 128 Surface, outer surface 130 Groove 132 O-ring 132a Outermost surface of the O-ring 132i Innermost surface of the O-rings 134 Surface, outer surface, centering surface 136 Surface, outer surface 138 Opening 140 Inner surface 142 Chamfer 144 Surface, outer surface 144a, 144b, 144c Recess, groove 146 Surface 200 Second connecting part 202 Front end 204 Rear end 206 Body 212 Outer surface 214 Surface, lateral boundary surface of the groove 230 216 Surface, groove bottom 218 Surface, lateral boundary surface of the groove 230 222 Surface, stop surface 230 Groove 232 O-ring 238 Opening240Inner surface, centering surface 242Inner surface, chamfer 242aBody edge 242bBody edge 244Surface, inner surface 246Inner surface, centering surface 248Flange 250Surface, inner surface 252Surface, inner surface 254Surface, inner surface 256Surface, inner surface 258Surface, inner surface 258a, 258b, 258cProtrusions, noses 300Contact point B130Groove width D112Distance, diameter D112maxlargest distance D112minsmallest distance D116Distance D116maxlargest distance D116minsmallest distance D120Distance, diameter D120maxlargest distance D120minsmallest distance D124Diameter D132aDistance D132amaxlargest Distance D132amin smallest distance D132i distance D132i max largest distance D132im smallest distance D134 diameter D240 diameter D244 distance D244 max largest distance D244 min smallest distance D246 diameter F virtual fixed point L longitudinal axis L112 distance L112 max maximum distance L112 min minimum distance L112a distance L112a max maximum distance L112a min minimum distance L116 distance L116 max maximum distanceL120 Distance L120 max maximum distance L120 min minimum distance L120a Distance L120a max maximum distance L120a min minimum distance L124 Distance L124 max maximum distance L124 min minimum distance L124a Distance L124a max maximum distance L124a min minimum distance L128 Distance L128 max maximum distance L128 min minimum distance L128a Distance L128a max maximum distance L128a min minimum distance L212 Distance L212 max maximum distance L212 min minimum distance L216 Distance L216 max maximum distance L220 Distance L220 max maximum distance L220 min minimum distance L224 Distance L224 max maximum distance L224 min minimum distance L228 Distance L228 max maximum distance L228 min Minimum distance L228aDistance L228a max Maximum distance L228a min Minimum distance L242Distance L242bmax Maximum distance L242bmin Minimum distance L243Distance M130Virtual centerline of the groove 130 M132Virtual centerline of the cord of the O-ring or profile ring SaCord thickness T112Distance, groove depthT112max largest distance T112min smallest distance T120 distance, groove depth T120max largest distance T120min smallest distance T130 groove depth α angle

Claims

1. Connecting part (100; 200) for a processing head for thermal material processing, comprising a body (106; 206) that extends along a longitudinal axis L, with an outer face (110; 112; 120; 212) and an inner face (140; 240; 244) with a front end (102; 202) and a rear end (104; 204), wherein the outer face (110) and / or the inner face (240) have / has at least one slot (130; 230), extending in the circumferential direction, with a slot depth (T130; T112; T120; T230) for receiving an O-ring (132, 232) or a profile ring, characterized in that the slot bottom (116 and 216) of the slot (130 and 230) exhibits, around the circumference, different distances (D116), extending through the longitudinal axis L and perpendicularly to the longitudinal axis L, between the opposite portions of the slot bottom (116 and 210) of the slot (130 and 230) and / or wherein at least one outer face (112 and / or 120) exhibits, around the circumference, different distances (D112, D120), extending through the longitudinal axis L and perpendicularly to the longitudinal axis L, between the opposite portions of the outer face (112, 120) and / or wherein at least one inner face (244) exhibits, around the circumference, different distances (D244), extending through the longitudinal axis L and perpendicularly to the longitudinal axis L, between the opposite portions of the inner face (244).

2. Connecting part (100; 200) according to Claim 1, wherein the distance (D116), extending through the longitudinal axis L and perpendicularly to the longitudinal axis L, between the opposite portions of the slot bottom (116; 216) exhibits at least one smallest distance (D116min) and at least one largest distance (D116max) and / or wherein the distance (D112; D120), extending through the longitudinal axis L and perpendicularly to the longitudinal axis L, between the opposite portions of the outer face (112; 120) exhibits at least one smallest distance (D112min, D120min) and at least one largest distance (D112max; D120max) and / or wherein the distance (D244), extending through the longitudinal axis L and perpendicularly to the longitudinal axis L, between the opposite portions of the inner face (244) exhibits at least one smallest distance (D244min) and at least one largest distance (D244max) and the difference between the largest and smallest distance (D116max-D116min; D112max-D112min; D120max-D120min) and / or (D244max-D244min) in each case amounts to at least ¼, more preferably ½, and / or at most 2 times, more preferably 1.5 times the slot width (B130; B230) of the slot (130; 230) and / or at least ¼, more preferably ½, and / or at most 2 times, more preferably 1.5 times the slot depth (T130, T230) of the slot (130; 230) and / or at least 0.4 mm, better still 0.5 mm and / or at most 3 mm, better still 2.5 mm.

3. Connecting part (100; 200) according to either of Claims 1 and 2, wherein the length (L112; L212), extending parallel to the longitudinal axis L, between the boundary (114; 214), directed towards the rear end (104, 204), of the slot (130; 230) and the rear end (104, 204) with the face (108) is less than, more preferably less than half, even more preferably less than 2 / 5 of the slot width (B130; B230) of the slot (130, 230).

4. Connecting part (100; 200) according to one of Claims 1 to 3, wherein, at least on one side of the slot, the lateral boundary face (114; 118: 214; 218) exhibits different distances (T112 and T120), extending axially with respect to the longitudinal axis L, between the slot bottom (116; 216) and the face (112; 120; 244; 246).

5. Connecting part (100; 200) for a processing head for thermal material processing, comprising a body (106; 206) that extends along a longitudinal axis L, with an outer face (110; 112; 120; 212) and / or inner face (140; 240; 244) with a front end (102; 202) and a rear end (104; 204), wherein the outer face (110) and / or the inner face (240) have / has at least one slot (130; 230), extending in the circumferential direction, with a slot width (B130, B230) and a slot depth (T130; T112; T120; T230) with an O-ring (132; 232) or profile ring with a cord size Sa, characterized in that the innermost face (132i), directed towards the longitudinal axis L, of the O-ring (132; 232) exhibits, around the circumference, different distances (D132i), extending through the longitudinal axis L and perpendicularly to the longitudinal axis L, between the opposite portions of the innermost face (132i) of the O-ring and / or wherein the outermost face (132a) of the O-ring (132, 232) exhibits, around the circumference, different distances (D132a), extending through the longitudinal axis L and perpendicularly to the longitudinal axis L, between the opposite portions of the outermost face (132a) of the O-ring.

6. Connecting part (100; 200) according to Claim 5, wherein the distance (D132i) extending through the longitudinal axis L and perpendicularly to the longitudinal axis L exhibits at least one smallest distance (D132imin) and at least one largest distance (D132imax) and / or wherein the distance (D132a) extending through the longitudinal axis L and perpendicularly to the longitudinal axis L exhibits at least one smallest distance (D132amin) and at least one largest distance (D132amax) and the difference between the largest distance and the smallest distance (D132imax-D132imin, D132amax-D132amin) in each case amounts to at least ¼, more preferably ½ of the slot width (B130, B230) and / or at most 2 times, more preferably 1.5 times the slot width (B130; B230) and / or at least ¼, more preferably ½ of the slot depth (T130; T112; T120; T230) of the slot (130; 230) and / or at most 2 times, more preferably 1.5 times the slot depth (T130; T112; T120; T230) of the slot (130; 230) and / or at least one third, more preferably at least half of the cord size Sa or of the diameter of the cord and / or at least one third, more preferably at least half of the width, extending at most along the longitudinal axis L, of the O-ring (132, 232) or profile ring (132; 232) and / or at least 0.4 mm, better still 0.5 mm and / or at most twice, more preferably at most 1.5 times, most preferably at most the cord size or the diameter of the cord and / or at most twice, more preferably at most 1.5 times, most preferably at most the width, extending at most along the longitudinal axis, of the O-ring (132; 232) or profile ring (132; 232) and / or at most 3 mm, more preferably 2.5 mm.

7. Connecting part (100) according to either of Claims 5 and 6, wherein there is at least one further outer face (144), which protrudes beyond the outermost face (132a) of the O-ring and has recesses / slots (144a; 144b; 144c).

8. Connecting part (100) according to Claim 7, wherein the outermost face (132a) of the O-ring (132) does not protrude beyond the deepest portion of the recesses / slots (144a, 144b, 144c).

9. Connecting part according to one of Claims 1 to 8, wherein it is a wearing part, in particular an electrode, a nozzle, a cap, a protective cap, a nozzle protective cap, a protective-cap mount, a gas guide, an insulating part or a combination thereof or a wearing-part mount therefor.

10. Connecting part according to one of Claims 1 to 8, wherein it is a joint for a plasma torch head, a plasma torch shaft, a laser head or a plasma laser head, or a constituent of the joint between a plasma torch head and a torch shaft or a laser head and a laser shaft or a plasma laser head and a plasma laser shaft.