MEASURING SYSTEM AND MEASURING INFRASTRUCTURE WITH ONE MEASURING SYSTEM AND ONE CENTRAL UNIT

Description

TECHNICAL FIELD

[0001] The present disclosure relates to the technical field of measuring systems for the calibrated measurement of electrical energy, wherein the measuring system provides additional functions. Furthermore, the present disclosure relates to a measuring system that is communicatively connected to a central unit. BACKGROUND

[0002] Many energy grid operators are equipping not only new buildings but also existing buildings with "modern measuring devices," so-called "smart meters." These modern measuring devices are calibrated digital electricity meters that typically display only the current meter reading, and sometimes also the current total power of all electrical devices connected and consumption values ​​for various periods. In Germany, the installation of modern measuring devices, especially their mandatory installation, is regulated by the Metering Point Operating Area Act (MsbG).

[0003] Modern metering devices do not include a communication unit by default, but can be upgraded to an "intelligent metering system" with a "smart meter gateway" designed as a communication unit. However, most energy grid operators do not use smart meter gateways for cost reasons, especially for customers with an annual consumption of less than 6,000 kWh, so the use of modern metering devices provides only limited added value.

[0004] The presentation "Energy Disaggregation," by Carrie Armel, Precour Energy Efficiency Center, Stanford, December 2011, analyzes how a smart meter can be retrofitted to provide value-added services in addition to measuring energy consumption. However, because smart meters are calibrated measuring instruments that must be approved by a regulatory authority and sealed, the upgrades proposed in this presentation can only be implemented with considerable effort.

[0005] US 2012 / 022813 A1 relates to an end-user electricity network connected to an electricity transmission cable via a main switch. The end-user electricity network comprises a primary part with a calibrated electrical meter that measures the amount of electricity consumed in the network, and a secondary part connected to the primary part and comprising power supplies that are electrically connected in parallel within the network. The primary part is further provided with a first current sensor arranged to measure a total current flowing through the primary part.

[0006] US 2019 / 0033354 A1 relates to a system and method for synchronizing a central controller that is wirelessly connected to at least one self-powered power sensor (SPPS).The method comprises: sampling an electrical signal by at least one SPPS, estimating the time of a sample of the electrical signal by at least one SPPS, generating a packet comprising packet components including a preamble, a synchronization field, and message data, generating synchronization information for the synchronization field of the packet, wirelessly transmitting the packet components, determining a time offset value for the packet, wherein the time offset is calculated from the time of the sample of the electrical signal and a transmission timestamp of the synchronization information, and transmitting the time offset value by appending it to the packet, wherein the time offset value is used to calculate at least one electrical parameter. BRIEF SUMMARY

[0007] The present disclosure is based on the object of providing a measuring system which, in addition to measuring energy consumption in accordance with calibration law, enables additional services.

[0008] To achieve this object, a measuring system according to claim 1 is proposed, which comprises a calibrated digital electricity meter, a voltage and current measuring device configured to generate digital voltage and current measured values ​​with a sampling frequency in the kilohertz range (kHz range), a processing device configured to process the digital voltage and current measured values ​​to determine processed digital data, and a communication device configured to send the processed digital data to a central unit.

[0009] The calibrated digital electricity meter can be a so-called "modern measuring device, mME," i.e., a calibrated electronic electricity meter that is protected against unnoticed or unauthorized external access (e.g., by sealing the meter's housing). The calibrated digital electricity meter can operate with a sampling frequency below the kHz range, for example, with a sampling frequency of 1 to 3 Hz. Optionally, the digital electricity meter can feature a digital display that allows a user to view the current meter reading and, after entering a PIN, the current total power of all connected electrical devices and detailed consumption values ​​for various periods (e.g., day, week, month, and year).

[0010] With regard to the calibrated digital electricity meter, the voltage and current measuring device is a separate device designed to measure the voltages and currents independently of the calibrated digital electricity meter. In particular, the voltage and current measuring device measures the same voltages and currents as the calibrated digital electricity meter, but unlike the calibrated digital electricity meter, it measures at a high frequency. For this purpose, the voltage and current measuring device can be connected to the same electrical lines as the calibrated digital electricity meter. The voltage and current measuring device can comprise a current sensor, a voltage sensor, and an analog-to-digital converter for AD converting the measured values ​​of the current sensor and the voltage sensor.In particular, the voltage and current measuring device is configured to generate at least 4,000 voltage and current measured values ​​per second, preferably 10,000 to 15,000 voltage and current measured values ​​per second, more preferably 10,000 voltage and current measured values ​​per second. The voltage and current measuring device can further be configured to determine the voltage and current measured values ​​in each of three phases in a three-phase system.

[0011] The processing device may be a processor device with an operating system running thereon, which is configured to apply detection and / or filtering algorithms to the digital voltage and current measured values. In particular, the processing device is configured to process the digital voltage and current measured values ​​in time intervals, for example, in the millisecond range. For example, the processing device may be configured to process medium-order harmonic oscillations.

[0012] The communication device can be any type of communication interface configured to send the digital voltage and current measurement values ​​wirelessly (e.g., via Wi-Fi or Bluetooth) and / or wired (e.g., via Ethernet) to the central unit. For example, the measuring system can comprise an "Azure Sphere Module" from Microsoft, which performs the tasks of both the processing device and the communication device. The communication device can also be a "Smart Meter Gateway, SMGW," which, together with the mME, forms an "intelligent measuring system." In this case, the SMGW comprises a "Local Metrological Network, LMN" interface for connecting an end-user's measuring devices to the SMGW, a "Wide Area Network, WAN" interface for connecting the SMGW to external market participants, and a "Home Network, HAN" interface for connecting controllable devices.

[0013] The central unit may be a so-called "backend" configured to communicate with the communication device to perform gateway administration, data management, data processing, and / or network management functions. In particular, the central unit is a cloud computer that communicates with the communication device via the internet and / or a mobile network.

[0014] Preferably, the digital electricity meter is located within a calibration-relevant part of the measuring system, and the voltage and current measuring device is located outside the calibration-relevant part of the measuring system. In particular, the calibration-relevant part of the measuring system can be a sealed part (e.g., a sealed housing) of the measuring system.

[0015] The processing device can be a freely programmable, digital processing device. Furthermore, the communication device can be configured to program the processing device. The processing device and / or the communication device can also be located outside the calibration-relevant part of the measuring system.

[0016] The central unit typically has significantly greater computing power than the processing device of the measuring system, so it generally makes sense to process the digital voltage and current measured values ​​in the central unit. However, generating the digital voltage and current measured values ​​with a sampling frequency in the kilohertz range generates large amounts of measurement data. Depending on the sampling frequency, it is possible to generate 14 GB of measurement data per hour. However, sending this amount of data from the voltage and current measuring device to the central unit requires a relatively high level of hardware complexity and processor power. The required storage capacity is also relatively large.To avoid these problems, the processing device can be configured to process the digital voltage and current measured values ​​in such a way that the data volume of the processed digital data is smaller than the data volume of the generated voltage and current measured values. In particular, the processing device can be configured to pre-process the digital voltage and current measured values, e.g. to carry out a high-resolution pre-analysis, and to send only relevant data to the central unit. For example, it is possible to mathematically break down the total consumption into individual electrical consumers, i.e. to break down a large number of electrical consumers in the total energy consumption, and to send only relevant data to the central unit. The data broken down by electrical consumer can then be output or visualized in real time together with the respective power consumption.Furthermore, it is possible to determine the different states of an electrical load, thus tracking the various stages of an electrical load's aging process. Additionally or alternatively, it is conceivable to collect data on the state of the electrical power grid.

[0017] The measurement system further comprises a first storage device configured to store the digital voltage and current measurement values. For example, the storage device may be a random access memory (RAM), and / or a flash memory. However, the storage device may also be, for example, a memory unit in an Azure Sphere module.

[0018] In order to pre-process the voltage and current measured values ​​in the measuring system and to avoid large amounts of stored data, the processing device is configured to determine an increase above a threshold value and / or a decrease below a threshold value of the digital voltage and / or current measured values, and the first storage device is configured to store the digital voltage and current measured values ​​for a time interval corresponding to the increase and / or decrease in response to the processing device determining an increase above a threshold value and / or a decrease below a threshold value of the digital voltage and / or current measured values. The threshold values ​​can in particular be voltage and / or current measured values ​​that differ from mains noise. The threshold values ​​can also be values ​​related to voltages and / or currents.

[0019] To identify individual consumers, the processing device can be configured to generate a characteristic signature based on the digital voltage and current measured values ​​stored for the time interval. The characteristic signature can be a so-called "fingerprint" that characterizes or uniquely identifies an electrical consumer, such as a washing machine or a dishwasher. The fingerprint can comprise a characteristic profile in a time domain and / or a frequency domain. In particular, the generation of the characteristic signature can comprise a transformation of the temporal profile of the voltage and current measured values ​​from the time domain to the frequency domain, for example, using a Fourier transform (FT), in particular a fast Fourier transform (FFT).Furthermore, the characteristic signature in the frequency domain can be a frequency spectrum comprising a plurality of characteristic peaks.

[0020] The processing device can further be configured to detect noise emitted by electrical consumers in the power grid (i.e. interference voltages), which is at different frequencies in each case, so that conclusions about the electrical consumer are possible.

[0021] To intelligently determine which data is sent to the central unit, the processing device can be configured to compare the characteristic signature with a predetermined signature and, depending on the comparison, to instruct the communication device to send the digital voltage and current measured values ​​stored for the time interval and / or the characteristic signature to the central unit. The predetermined signature can be a reference signature, and the comparison can include calculating the difference between the characteristic signature and the predetermined signature. In particular, the comparison can include scaling the characteristic signature and the predetermined signature, so that only the characteristic shapes of the signatures are compared during the difference calculation, but not absolute values.

[0022] According to one embodiment, the processing device can be configured to send the characteristic signature and / or digital voltage and current measured values ​​relating to the characteristic signature to the central unit if the comparison by the processing device results in a match between the characteristic signature and the predetermined signature. This can be the case if the comparison results in the detection of an electrical consumer, for example a detection of a washing machine, which is to be monitored and analyzed more closely by the central unit. However, it is also conceivable that if the comparison by the processing device results in a match between the characteristic signature and the predetermined signature, the characteristic signature and / or digital voltage and current measured values ​​relating to the characteristic signature are discarded.This can be the case if the comparison results in the detection of an electrical load, for example, a stereo system, whose energy consumption is not of interest to the central unit and whose energy consumption is not to be tracked. This allows for an intelligent pre-analysis to be performed so that only relevant data is sent to the central unit, thereby reducing data communication between the communication device and the central unit.

[0023] The digital voltage and current measurements relating to the characteristic signature can also be derived quantities, such as harmonics, active power, and / or reactive power. The processing device can determine the quantities locally, since the specified signature may contain quantities that are compared live (i.e., in real time) (live stream of the characteristic signatures).

[0024] The predefined signature can be stored in the first storage device. Additionally or alternatively, it is conceivable for the predefined signature to be stored in a second storage device in the central unit. In this case, it is possible for the measuring system to receive the predefined signature from the central unit for each comparison. In particular, the second storage device can be a cloud storage device.

[0025] In order to process newly added electrical loads, the first storage device and / or the second storage device can be configured to store the characteristic signature in the first storage device and / or the second storage device if the comparison by the processing device does not reveal a match between the characteristic signature and the predetermined signature. In particular, new measurement data or signatures can be sent to the central unit, where, with the aid of special detection algorithms, it can be determined which electrical device the unrecognized characteristic signature refers to.

[0026] If the central unit has identified a new electrical load based on a new signature, the central unit can send a new predefined signature to the measuring system for future identification of the new electrical load. For this purpose, the communication device can be configured to receive the predefined signature from the central unit and send it to the processing device. The processing device can then use the received predefined signature for comparison.

[0027] The characteristic signatures of electrical devices can change over time due to aging. Often, the characteristic signature changes only slightly. Such changes (in the time domain, frequency domain, and / or current or voltage peaks) can provide information about wear and tear on the electrical device. For example, a defective seal on a refrigerator can lead to increased energy consumption.In order to be able to initiate maintenance work or repair measures on an electrical load before a fault or failure of the electrical load occurs, the processing device can be configured to initiate the output of a signal, in particular a message indicating wear, to the central unit if the comparison of the characteristic signature with the predetermined signature reveals a deviation that is above a first threshold but below a second threshold. The central unit can then commission appropriate maintenance or repair measures. For this purpose, it is conceivable that the central unit automatically sends an order (for example, via email) to a maintenance company.

[0028] In order to improve the comparison accuracy of the processing device, the measuring system can further comprise a machine learning device which is configured to train the comparison of the characteristic signature with the predetermined signature by the processing device based on a training set of comparison results between characteristic signatures and predetermined signatures. The machine learning device can be provided in the processing device. The training set of comparison results can be a data set which the machine learning device receives from the central unit and which is used to improve the comparison by the processing device. In particular, the training set can be generated or expanded in the central unit (or an external training unit) through comparisons and verifications between different characteristic signatures. In this case, a creation orExtending a training set includes the steps of creating, training, and deploying the training set.

[0029] In order to break down total consumption data and divide it into smaller units, such as the consumption of individual household appliances, the processing device can apply a freely programmable algorithm, such as an energy disaggregation algorithm, to the digital voltage and current measured values. In order to be able to determine electrical consumers for different grid states with high accuracy, the communication device can further be configured to receive a freely programmable algorithm, such as an energy disaggregation algorithm, from the central unit and send the algorithm to the processing device, and the processing device can be configured to apply the algorithm to the digital voltage and current measured values ​​to determine the processed digital data.The energy disaggregation algorithm can, for example, be based on Discriminative Disaggregation Sparse Coding (DDSC), Energy Disaggregation via Particle Filtering (EDPF), or Additive Factorial Approximate Maximum A Posteriori (AFAMAP). This allows the processing device to apply various energy disaggregation algorithms to the digital voltage and current measurements. Furthermore, the central processing unit can act as an update unit for the processing device.

[0030] To enable conclusions regarding the condition of the electrical power grid, the processing device can further be configured to calculate active power values, reactive power values, apparent power values, and / or phase shift values ​​based on the digital voltage and current measured values ​​and send these as processed digital data to the central unit. In particular, this makes it possible to provide local analyses regarding the quality of the electrical power grid or statements regarding the degree of pollution in the electrical power grid. It is also possible to compare the active power values, reactive power values, apparent power values, and / or phase shift values ​​with measured values ​​from the digital electricity meter. This allows measurement inaccuracies to be detected at an early stage.

[0031] To further reduce the amount of data sent from the communication device to the central unit, the processing device can be configured to compress the digital voltage and current measurement values. Compression can occur, in particular, during the generation of the characteristic signature by the processing device. Furthermore, the data can be digitally signed before transmission.

[0032] In a further embodiment, the processing device is configured to determine the processed digital data based on the digital voltage and current measured values ​​of the voltage and current measuring device and the electrical work recorded by the calibrated digital electricity meter. This makes it possible, for example, to verify whether the digital voltage and current measured values ​​generated by the voltage and current measuring device were determined correctly by using the measurement data from the calibrated digital electricity meter. If the data verification reveals an error, this may indicate that the voltage and current measuring device needs to be replaced or recalibrated. This can be particularly advantageous if the voltage and current measuring device is not officially calibrated.

[0033] Furthermore, the communication device can be configured to send the electrical energy measured by the calibrated digital electricity meter to the central unit. This data can be compressed and / or digitally signed before transmission.

[0034] Based on the measured data, the processing device and / or the central unit can generate a status report including three-phase current and voltage, harmonics, and power. Reports can also be generated according to the EN 50160 and EN 61000-2-4 standards.

[0035] According to a further embodiment, the communication device can be configured to receive environmental measurement data from an environmental sensor and to send the environmental measurement data to the processing device, and the processing device can be configured to determine the processed digital data based on the digital voltage and current measurement values ​​and the environmental measurement data. Using the environmental measurement data, it is possible to draw further conclusions about detected electrical loads. For example, the environmental measurement data can be temperature measurements from a temperature sensor located near an air conditioning system. The measured temperature can be used by the processing device to determine whether the air conditioning system is operating. This allows the processing device to check whether a characteristic signature of the air conditioning system has been correctly detected.The verification result can then be sent from the processing device to the machine learning device to improve the signature recognition.

[0036] Furthermore, the present disclosure relates to a measuring system which is calibrated and / or certified according to the Measuring Instruments Directive, MID.

[0037] Another aspect of the present disclosure relates to a measurement infrastructure comprising a measurement system as described above and a central unit.

[0038] The aspects and variants described above can be combined without this being explicitly described. Each of the described embodiment variants is therefore to be considered optional to each embodiment variant or combinations thereof. The present disclosure is therefore not limited to the individual embodiments and variants in the described order or to a specific combination of the aspects and embodiment variants. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0039] Further advantages, details and features of the methods and devices described here emerge from the following description of embodiments and the figure. Fig. 1 shows a schematic representation of an embodiment of a measuring system with a calibrated digital electricity meter and a voltage and current measuring device. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0040] The Fig. 1 shows a schematic representation of an embodiment of a measuring system 5 with a calibrated digital electricity meter 10 and a voltage and current measuring device 22. In particular, the measuring system 5 comprises, in addition to the calibrated digital electricity meter 10 and the additional voltage and current measuring device 22, a first processing device 24, a first communication device 26, a first storage device 28, and a first machine learning device 29.

[0041] The voltage and current measuring device 22 is a voltage and current measuring device that is not located in a calibration-relevant part of the measuring system 5, in particular an additional one, without any effect on the calibration-relevant part of the measuring system, the first processing device 24 is a freely programmable, in particular an additional, processing device, and the first communication device 26 is an additional communication device.

[0042] The calibrated digital electricity meter 10, the voltage and current measuring device 22, the first processing device 24, the first communication device 26, the first storage device 28, and the first machine learning device 29 are arranged in a housing 20, in particular a sealed housing 20 (non-calibrated or non-calibration-relevant area). The digital electricity meter 10 is also located in a (separately) sealed housing 11 (calibrated or calibration-relevant area). Furthermore, the measuring system 5 is located in a housing 6. The calibrated digital electricity meter 10 and the non-calibrated area 20 can also be mounted in separate housings, decoupled from one another. The first machine learning device 29 can be provided optionally.

[0043] The measuring system 5 is arranged in a building 70. A power grid 40 supplies the building 70 with electricity via a supply line 80. The building 70 contains a plurality of electrical consumers connected via a building network, of which only the electrical consumer 60 is shown as an example. In this exemplary embodiment, the electrical consumer 60 is a washing machine. Furthermore, an optional environmental sensor 50 is located in the building 70.

[0044] Both the digital electricity meter 10 and the voltage and current measuring device 22 are connected to the supply line 80. The calibrated digital electricity meter 10 determines the total energy consumed in the building 70, in particular the electrical energy consumed by the electrical consumer 60 in kilowatt hours (kWh). The consumed electrical energy is used by the operator of the energy supply network 40 to bill the owner of the building 70 for energy costs.

[0045] In addition, the voltage and current measuring device 22 measures the currents flowing through the electrical line 80 and the voltages present on the electrical line 80 in the kilohertz range. For this purpose, the voltage and current measuring device 22 comprises a current sensor, a voltage sensor and an analog / digital converter (in Fig. 1 not shown) for converting analog voltage and current measured values ​​into digital voltage and current measured values. The voltage and current measuring device 22 measures at least 4000 voltage and current measured values ​​per second. Preferably, the voltage and current measuring device can measure 10,000 to 15,000 voltage and current measured values ​​per second, more preferably 10,000 voltage and current measured values ​​per second. The voltage and current measuring device 22 determines, in particular, voltage and current measured values ​​in a three-phase system in each of the three phases. The first storage device 28 is configured to store the digital voltage and current measured values ​​determined by the voltage and current measuring device 22.

[0046] Furthermore, the Fig. 1 a central unit 30, which includes a second storage device 32, a second processing device 34, a second communication device 36, and a second machine learning device 38. For ease of differentiation, in this embodiment, the units of the measuring system 5 are referred to as "first" units and the units of the central unit 30 as "second" units.

[0047] Since the voltage and current measuring device 22 generates a large amount of measurement data due to the sampling frequency in the kilohertz range, it is only possible with relatively great effort to send all the measurement data via the first communication device 26 to the second communication device 36 in the central unit 30. For this reason, the measurement data generated by the voltage and current measuring device 22 is pre-analyzed and sorted in the measuring system 5, i.e., by the first processing device 24, so that the data volume of the digital data processed by the first processing device 24 is smaller than the data volume of the measured voltage and current values. This means that not all the voltage and current measured values ​​generated by the voltage and current measuring device 22 are sent to the central unit 30 via the first communication device 26.Thus, in the present embodiment, an intelligent compromise is chosen between processing all measurement data in the measuring system 5 and sending all measurement data to the central unit 30 for processing the data.

[0048] To implement intelligent pre-analysis or sorting, the first processing device 24 is configured to determine an increase above a threshold and / or a decrease below a threshold of the digital voltage and / or current measurement values. In particular, the first processing device 24 is configured to detect when the electrical load 50 is put into operation or deactivated. The threshold or trigger event can also be based on a power value.

[0049] For further processing of the data, the first storage device 28 is configured to store the digital voltage and current measurement values ​​for a time interval corresponding to the increase and / or decrease in the digital voltage and / or current measurement values ​​in response to the first processing device 24 determining that the digital voltage and / or current measurement values ​​have risen above a threshold and / or fallen below a threshold. The first processing device 24 has access to this stored data, so that the first processing device 24 can process this data.

[0050] Based on the digital voltage and current measurement values ​​stored for the time interval, the first processing device 24 generates a characteristic signature, for example, a fingerprint. In this exemplary embodiment, the fingerprint comprises a characteristic curve of power values ​​over a time interval.

[0051] The first processing device 24 compares the characteristic signature with a predetermined signature. In the present exemplary embodiment, the first processing device 24 compares the characteristic signature determined from the measurement data with a known signature of the washing machine 50. If the comparison reveals a match between the characteristic signature and the predetermined signature, the first processing device 24 has recognized the washing machine 50.

[0052] If the washing machine 50 is of interest to the central unit 30, i.e., if the central unit 30 is interested in tracking and processing the electrical energy consumption by the washing machine 50 over time, the measurement data relating to the washing machine 50, optionally together with the fingerprint, are sent to the central unit 30 via the first communication device 26. The voltage and current measurement values ​​received by the second communication device 36 of the central unit 30 are stored in the second storage device 32 and can be further processed there by the second processing device 34. For example, the measurement data can be evaluated over time in the central unit 30. However, if the washing machine 50 is of no importance to the central unit 30, it can also be provided that the voltage and current measurement values ​​relating to the washing machine 50 are discarded, i.e.deleted from the first storage device 28 and not sent to the central unit 30.

[0053] It may also happen that in building 70, new electrical consumers are connected to the electrical network, which are not known to the measuring system 5 or the central unit 30. For example, it is conceivable that the resident of building 70 buys a wine refrigerator (in Fig. 1(not shown) and reconnects it to the building's electrical network 70. In this case, if the comparison between the characteristic signature and the known predefined signatures does not show a match, the first communication device 26 can send the corresponding voltage and current measured values ​​to the central unit 30, where the second processing device 34 checks whether the new signature or the voltage and current measured values ​​relating to this signature refer to a new electrical consumer or, respectively, which new electrical consumer this is. Thus, the second processing device 34 of the central unit 30 can determine and label the newly determined signature as "wine refrigerator" and include this signature in the set of predefined signatures, so that the first processing device 24 of the measuring system 5 can always recognize the wine refrigerator in the future.The second processing device 34 can specify to the first processing device 24 whether a detected operation of the wine refrigerator should be reported to the central unit 30, which includes sending the corresponding voltage and current measured values ​​to the central unit 30, or whether voltage and current measured values ​​relating to the wine refrigerator should be discarded.

[0054] Characteristic signatures of electrical loads can change over time due to aging. Often, the characteristic signature changes only slightly. Such changes can enable conclusions to be drawn about wear and tear on the electrical load. In order to be able to initiate maintenance work or repair measures on an electrical load before a fault or failure of the electrical load occurs, the first processing device 24 can be configured to send a warning signal, in particular a message signaling wear, to the central unit 30 if the comparison of the characteristic signature with the predetermined signature reveals a deviation that is above a first threshold value but below a second threshold value. The central unit 30 can then commission maintenance or repair measures accordingly.

[0055] In order to continuously improve the detection of electrical loads 50 by the first processing device 24, the first machine learning device 29 can be provided in the measuring system 5. This first machine learning device is configured to train the comparison of the characteristic signature with the predetermined signature by the first processing device 24 based on a training set of comparison results between characteristic signatures and predetermined signatures. The first machine learning device 29 can also be provided in the first processing device 24. Furthermore, the training of the training set can also be carried out by the second machine learning device 38 in the central unit 30.

[0056] The first communication device 26 is further configured to receive an energy disaggregation algorithm from the central processing unit 30 and to send the energy disaggregation algorithm to the first processing device 24. In particular, the first processing device 24 is configured to apply the received energy disaggregation algorithm to the digital voltage and current measurement values ​​to determine the processed digital data.

[0057] In order to be able to make statements about the quality of the electrical power grid 40, the first processing device 24 is further configured to calculate active power values, reactive power values, apparent power values ​​and / or phase shift values ​​based on the digital voltage and current measured values ​​and to send these as processed digital data to the central unit 30.

[0058] To further reduce the data sent from the measuring system 5 to the central unit 30, the first processing device 24 is configured to compress the digital voltage and current measurement values ​​before sending them to the central unit via the first communication device 26. Furthermore, the processing device 24 can digitally sign the data before sending it.

[0059] According to an advantageous embodiment, the first processing device 24 is configured to determine the processed digital data based on the digital voltage and current measured values ​​and the electrical work recorded by the calibrated digital electricity meter 10. Thus, according to this embodiment, not only the measurement data from the voltage and current measuring device 22 but also the measurement data from the calibrated digital electricity meter 10 are processed by the first processing device 24. For example, the processing device 24 uses the measurement data from the digital electricity meter 10 to check the measurement data from the voltage and current measuring device 22 for plausibility. The first communication device 26 can further be configured to send the electrical work recorded by the calibrated digital electricity meter 10 to the central unit 30. In this case, the data processing can take place in the second processing device 34.The data can also be compressed and / or digitally signed before sending.

[0060] If an environmental sensor 50 is installed in the building 70, the first communication device 26 can be configured to receive environmental measurement data from the environmental sensor 50 and send the environmental measurement data to the first processing device 24. In this case, the first processing device 24 is configured to determine the processed digital data based on the digital voltage and current measurement values ​​of the voltage and current measuring device 22 and the environmental measurement data.

[0061] In one embodiment, the environmental sensor 50 is configured as a motion sensor directed toward an entrance door of the building 70 that opens and closes with the aid of a motor for entry control. If the motion sensor detects an opening or closing of the entrance door, which includes operation of the motor, this information can be used by the first processing device 24 to detect, verify, or learn a characteristic signature of the motor.

[0062] The present disclosure includes identifying connected electrical consumers and determining their states, preprocessing digitized measured values ​​and compressing them, forwarding the compressed measured values ​​to a central unit 30 configured as a cloud computer for data post-processing, comparing and building a database of all connected electrical consumers in the central unit 30 configured as a cloud computer, and updating local detection algorithms in the measuring system 5 with the aid of the central unit.

[0063] The present disclosure provides a multitude of advantages. It enables a computational breakdown of total consumption into individual electrical loads, i.e., a breakdown of a large number of electrical loads in the total energy consumption is provided without the need for additional sensors. Furthermore, it enables the determination of different states of electrical loads and thus the detection of different stages in the aging process of electrical loads. Data acquisition for analyzing the condition of the electrical power grid 40 is also possible. The present disclosure provides the following additional advantages: Cost reduction and increased added value are achieved through the expansion of existing modern measuring devices.Additional electronic components for high-frequency measurement of voltages and currents, particularly in a three-phase system, for local data processing and radio communication are integrated alongside the existing hardware of a modern measuring device. The non-interference nature of the calibration-protected measuring and reading electronics of the modern measuring device is taken into account.

[0064] High-frequency measurement (e.g., with a 10 kHz sampling frequency) allows additional new services to be created through local data analysis. For example, predictions can be made regarding when electrical loads require maintenance or replacement. Furthermore, local energy quality analyses can be performed to determine the level of pollution in the electrical grid. The present disclosure thus provides a platform that can provide residential and commercial customers with new services in the future that are currently unknown. Furthermore, the measuring system 5 is remotely maintainable through multiple, secure IT mechanisms and can be equipped with new application software at any time.

[0065] The data connection via communication devices 26 and 36 also provides a secure connection to the central unit 30. Firmware updates can be enabled via a secure channel. Furthermore, energy transparency is provided for residential and business customers, leading to increased energy efficiency and sustainability. Furthermore, customer-specific services, such as alarm functions for electrical consumers, are enabled.

[0066] In the examples presented, various features and functions of the present disclosure have been described separately and in specific combinations. However, it is understood that many of these features and functions can be freely combined with one another, unless explicitly excluded.

Claims

1. Measuring system (5), comprising a calibrated digital electricity meter (10); a voltage and current measuring device (22), which is configured to generate digital voltage and current measurement values at a sampling frequency in the kilohertz range; a processing device (24), which is configured to process the digital voltage and current measurement values in order to determine processed digital data; a communication device (26), which is configured to send the processed digital data to a central unit (30); and a first storage device (28), which is configured to store the digital voltage and current measurement values, characterized in that the processing device (24) is configured to determine a rise above a threshold value and / or a drop below a threshold value of the digital voltage and / or current measurement values, and the first storage device (28) is configured, in response to the determination of a rise above a threshold value and / or a drop below a threshold value of the digital voltage and / or current measurement values by the processing device, to store the digital voltage and current measurement values for a time interval which corresponds to the rise and / or the drop.

2. Measuring system (5) according to claim 1, wherein the digital electricity meter (10) is arranged within a calibration-relevant part of the measuring system (5), and the voltage and current measuring device (22) is arranged outside the calibration-relevant part of the measuring system (5).

3. Measuring system (5) according to one of the preceding claims, wherein the processing device (24) is a freely programmable digital processing device, and the communication device (26) is configured to program the processing device (24).

4. Measuring system (5) according to one of the preceding claims, wherein a data volume of the processed digital data is smaller than a data volume of the generated voltage and current measurement values.

5. Measuring system (5) according to claim 1, wherein the processing device (24) is configured to generate a characteristic signature based on the digital voltage and current measurement values stored for the time interval.

6. Measuring system (5) according to claim 5, wherein the processing device (24) is configured to compare the characteristic signature with a predetermined signature and, depending on the comparison, to instruct the communication device (26) to send the digital voltage and current measurement values stored for the time interval and / or the characteristic signature to the central unit (30).

7. Measuring system (5) according to claim 6, wherein the processing device (24) is configured, if the comparison reveals a match between the characteristic signature and the predetermined signature, to send the characteristic signature and / or the digital voltage and current measurement values relating to the characteristic signature to the central unit (30), or to discard the characteristic signature and / or the digital voltage and current measurement values relating to the characteristic signature.

8. Measuring system (5) according to claim 6 or 7, wherein the predetermined signature is / are stored in the first storage device (28) and / or in a second storage device (32) in the central unit (30).

9. Measuring system (5) according to claim 8, wherein the first storage device (28) and / or the second storage device (32) is / are configured, if the comparison by the processing device (24) does not reveal a match between the characteristic signature and the predetermined signature, to store the characteristic signature in the first storage device (28) and / or the second storage device (32).

10. Measuring system (5) according to one of claims 6 to 9, wherein the communication device (26) is configured to receive the predetermined signature from the central unit (30) and to send the predetermined signature to the processing device (24).

11. Measuring system (5) according to one of claims 6 to 10, wherein the processing device (24) is configured, if the comparison of the characteristic signature with the predetermined signature reveals a deviation that is above a first threshold value but below a second threshold value, to initiate output of a signal.

12. Measuring system (5) according to one of claims 6 to 11, further comprising a machine learning device (29), which is configured to train the comparison of the characteristic signature with the predetermined signature by the processing device (24) based on a training set of comparison results between characteristic signatures and predetermined signatures.

13. Measuring system (5) according to one of the preceding claims, wherein the communication device (26) is configured to receive a freely programmable algorithm from the central unit (30) and to send the algorithm to the processing device (24), and the processing device (24) is configured to apply the algorithm to the digital voltage and current measurement values in order to determine the processed digital data; and / or wherein the processing device (24) is configured to calculate active power values, reactive power values, apparent power values, and / or phase shift values based on the digital voltage and current measurement values, and to send these as processed digital data to the central unit (30); and / or wherein the processing device (24) is configured to compress the digital voltage and current measurement values; and / or wherein the communication device (26) is configured to receive environmental measurement data from an environmental sensor (50) and to send the environmental measurement data to the processing device (24), and the processing device (24) is configured to determine the processed digital data based on the digital voltage and current measurement values and the environmental measurement data; and / or wherein the measuring system (5) is calibrated and / or certified according to the Measuring Instruments Directive (MID).

14. Measuring infrastructure, comprising the measuring system (5) according to one of the preceding claims; and a central unit (30).