AEROSOL FIRE EXTINGUISHER GENERATOR

Description

FIELD OF THE INVENTION

[0001] The present disclosure relates to fire extinguishing devices for suppressing fires, particularly to fire extinguishing devices that generate aerosol from a solid condensed aerosol-forming composition.BACKGROUNG ART

[0002] Condensed aerosol fire extinguishing generators are a type of fire suppression technology that uses fine particulate matter and gases to extinguish fires. These particles effectively suppress fires by disrupting the chemical processes that sustain combustion.

[0003] Condensed aerosols are generated through ignition of a solid material, often a pyrotechnic compound. When the system is triggered, this solid material undergoes a controlled combustion process, which is an exothermic reaction that produces a fine mist of aerosolized agents. These agents interfere with the combustion process at a molecular level, primarily by absorbing heat and neutralizing free radicals, which are critical to sustaining a fire.

[0004] The exothermic reaction in condensed aerosol fire extinguishers involves the decomposition of a solid material, such as a pyrotechnic compound. This compound typically consists of Potassium Nitrate (KNO 3 ), Dicyandiamide (C 2 H 4 N 4 ), and an organic binder. Potassium Nitrate serves as the oxidizing agent in the pyrotechnic mixture, providing the necessary oxygen to sustain the combustion of the fuel component. Dicyandiamide acts as the fuel in the reaction, burning in the presence of the oxygen provided by Potassium Nitrate, leading to the production of heat and gaseous byproducts. The organic binder is used to hold the mixture together and control the burn rate of the pyrotechnic compound, ensuring a consistent and controlled release of the aerosol particles.

[0005] When the condensed aerosol fire extinguisher is ignited, typically through an electrical or thermal initiator, the pyrotechnic compound ignites. The initiator is often a small, highly reactive charge that ensures the rapid ignition of the main pyrotechnic composition. The pyrotechnic compound undergoes rapid combustion, an exothermic process in which the fuel (Dicyandiamide) reacts with the oxidizer (Potassium Nitrate). This reaction produces a significant amount of heat, gaseous byproducts, and solid aerosol particles.

[0006] The intense heat generated by the combustion causes the Potassium Nitrate to decompose, releasing potassium ions (K+). These ions react with the gaseous byproducts of combustion, forming fine particles of potassium salts (such as potassium carbonate and potassium bicarbonate). The heat and gas pressure generated by the exothermic reaction force the aerosol particles out of the container through nozzles. The nozzles are designed to disperse the aerosol across the fire zone, maximizing coverage and effectiveness.

[0007] Once dispersed, the fine aerosol particles absorb heat from the flame, reducing the temperature of the combustion zone. This cooling effect helps to slow down the chemical reactions that sustain the fire. During a fire, free radicals such as hydroxyl (OH) and hydrogen (H) are produced, which fuel the ongoing combustion. The potassium ions in the aerosol act as free radical scavengers, binding with these radicals to form stable molecules, thereby disrupting the chain reaction that keeps the fire going. Additionally, the dense cloud of aerosol particles creates a physical barrier that hinders the flow of oxygen to the fire, further aiding in extinguishment.

[0008] The exothermic reaction generates a large volume of aerosol particles in a very short time, allowing for quick and effective fire suppression.

[0009] Document RU 2228777 discloses a chemical formulation for fire extinguishing powder composition that contains fertilizers, dispersed additive, fluidity agent, ion-lattice mineral with complex anionic groups, or phosphorite flour, both with density ≥ 2.8 g / cm 3< . The ion-lattice mineral has the following composition: [Al 2 O 3 ] (0.5-7.5 wt.%), [SiO 2 ] (40-50 wt.%), [Na 2 O·K 2 O] (4.5-11.4 wt.%), [P 2 O 5 ] (0.5-1.5 wt.%), [CaO] (5-9.1 wt.%), [Fe 2 O 3 ] (12-20 wt.%), [FeO] (8-12 wt.%), [TiO 2 ] (7-11 wt.%), and hydrophobizing modifier.

[0010] Document US 2006 / 155039 discloses silicone-based polymer compositions designed for passive fire protection, particularly in applications like fire-resistant electrical cables, fire doors, and other structural fire barriers. The composition contains silicone polymer, mica, and glass frit C of the following composition (by weight): SiO 2 : 37.7%, Na 2 O: 14.6%, K 2 O: 10.6%, TiO 2 : 16%, FeO: 3%, BaO: 2.6%, P 2 O 5 : 1.3%, Al 2 O 3 : 1.2%, CaO: 1.14%, CuO: 0.4%, MgO: 0.37%, ZrO 2 : 0.8%.

[0011] Document US 5009710 relates to an agricultural composition that integrates alginate gels with bentonite clay to enhance the delivery and efficacy of agrochemicals such as herbicides, pesticides, fungicides, and fertilizers. This document discloses a thixotropic gel composition comprising water, alginate gel matrix, bentonite clay, and optional additives. The bentonite has a chemical composition: Silicon Dioxide (SiO 2 ): Approximately 60-65%, Aluminum Oxide (Al 2 O 3 ): Around 20%, Iron Oxide (Fe 2 O 3 ): About 6-7%, Magnesium Oxide (MgO): Approximately 2-3%, Calcium Oxide (CaO): Around 1-2%, Sodium Oxide (Na 2 O): Approximately 2%.

[0012] Document WO 00 / 48683 discloses a composition, and an associated device designed to combat fires more effectively and discloses the inclusion of cooling agents within the fire suppression composition that are intended to absorb heat and enhance the effectiveness of the fire suppression process. Specifically, it names Magnesium carbonate (MgCO 3 ) and Magnesium hydroxide (Mg(OH) 2 ), 0 to 40% by weight, preferably 5 to 35% by weight of the total formulation.

[0013] Document CN 117479984 relates to an aerosol fire-extinguishing agent composition and related automatic fire-extinguishing devices.DISCLOSURE OF THE INVENTION

[0014] One major drawback of condensed aerosol fire suppression generators is that the surface temperature of the generator and the generated aerosol upon ignition can become quite hot, typically reaching temperatures in the range of 300°C to 1000°C. This high temperature results from the exothermic chemical reaction that occurs when the solid material, such as pyrotechnic material, inside the generator is ignited to produce the aerosol. Due to the high temperatures involved, installation guidelines often require clearance between the generator, personnel, and any flammable or heat-sensitive materials. These clearance guidelines prevent the placement of generators in locations where this clearance cannot be provided.

[0015] Another drawback of condensed aerosol fire suppression generators is that aerosol particles might deposit on electronic circuits, connectors, and other sensitive components, potentially leading to short circuits, corrosion, or reduced performance over time. In environments like archives, museums, or laboratories, the risk is that the particles could affect paper, textiles, artworks, or other delicate items, especially if they are hygroscopic (prone to absorbing moisture).

[0016] An additional drawback associated with these generators is the generation of a shockwave upon activation. This shockwave results from the rapid ignition of the pyrotechnic compound within the generator, which produces the aerosol particles used to extinguish the fire. When the pyrotechnic material inside the aerosol generator ignites, it rapidly produces gases and fine particles, creating a pressure wave or shockwave. This shockwave can propagate through the protected area, especially in enclosed spaces. The generated shockwave may exert pressure on nearby objects, walls, and equipment. The intensity of this shockwave can be sufficient to displace or damage sensitive equipment, loosen fixtures, cause structural vibrations, or even temporarily cause disorientation or discomfort to a person near the generator during discharge.

[0017] Moreover, the released fine aerosol particles can pose potential respiratory health risks, particularly if people are present during or after discharge. The aerosol particles generated by these systems are typically composed of fine particles such as potassium salts like potassium carbonate or potassium bicarbonate. These particles are extremely small, often in the micrometre or sub-micrometre range, which allows them to remain airborne for a period of time and be inhaled by anyone in the vicinity. Inhalation of these fine particles can lead to respiratory irritation, including coughing, throat discomfort, and, in some cases, shortness of breath. Prolonged or repeated exposure, particularly in individuals with pre-existing respiratory conditions such as asthma or chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), could potentially exacerbate these conditions or contribute to the development of more serious respiratory issues.

[0018] Therefore, it would be desirable to create alternative fire suppression generators to address one or more of the above-mentioned drawbacks.

[0019] To solve the problems mentioned above, the present invention provides such generators.

[0020] Other features and advantages of the invention will be apparent from the following description and from the claims.SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION

[0021] In one embodiment, the present disclosure provides a fire extinguishing device for suppressing fire. Said device comprises a container; a solid condensed aerosol-forming composition disposed within said container, an ignition device operatively associated with said aerosol-forming composition for igniting said aerosol-forming composition to generate an aerosol, a composition for absorbing heat from the generated aerosol, wherein the composition comprises a coolant composition comprising: Silica (SiO 2 ) in an amount ranging from 28 wt.% to 52 wt.% relative to the total weight of the coolant composition, Alumina (Al 2 O 3 ) in an amount ranging from 17.5 wt.% to 32.5wt.% relative to the total weight of the coolant composition, Iron Oxide (Fe 2 O 3 ) in an amount ranging from 5.6 wt.% to 10.4 wt.% relative to the total weight of the coolant composition, Titanium Dioxide (TiO 2 ) in an amount ranging from 2.8 wt.% to 5.2 wt.% relative to the total weight of the coolant composition, and Potassium Oxide (K 2 O) and / or Sodium Oxide (Na 2 O) in an amount ranging from 16.1 wt.% to 29.9 wt.% relative to the total weight of the coolant composition, and at least one dispersion means associated with said container for directing the cooled aerosol to a location to be protected from fire. The total coolant composition is 100% by weight.

[0022] In another embodiment, the present disclosure provides a fire extinguishing device according to any one of the preceding embodiments, wherein about 40% by weight of the composition is the coolant composition according to any of the preceding embodiments. The total composition is 100% by weight.

[0023] In another embodiment, the present disclosure provides a fire extinguishing device according to any one of the preceding embodiments, wherein about 60% by weight of the composition is hydrated magnesium silicate having chemical composition of Mg 3 Si 4 O 10 (OH) 2 or hydrous aluminum silicate having chemical composition of Al 2 Si 2 O 5 (OH) 4 or their combination thereof. The total composition is 100% by weight.BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0024] The features and advantages of the invention will be appreciated upon reference to the following drawings, in which: FIG. 1A illustrates the side view of an exemplary aerosol fire extinguisher having the composition comprising the coolant composition of present disclosure. FIG. 1B illustrates the top view of an exemplary aerosol fire extinguisher having the composition comprising the coolant composition of present disclosure. FIG. 2 illustrates an exemplary composition or coolant composition according to the present disclosure. DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION

[0025] The term "condensed aerosol" refers to an extinguishing medium consisting of finely divided solid particles, generally less than 10 microns in diameter, and gaseous matter generated by the combustion process of a solid aerosol-forming compound.

[0026] The term "actuating," "actuating mechanism," or "igniting device" refers to a mechanism whose automatic or manual operation leads to the discharge of an extinguishing agent, for example aerosol-forming composition.

[0027] The term "clearance" refers to the air distance between a device, such as a fire extinguisher or a condensed aerosol generator, and any object, including individuals, structures, equipment, components, and the like, which are sensitive to the temperature developed by the generator. These objects generally have a melting point below 1700°F (927°C).

[0028] The term "dispersion means" refers to a passage, such as nozzles or openings on a device (for example, an aerosol generator), through which a medium, such as aerosol, is released when the generator is actuated.

[0029] The term "generator" refers to a device. The generator or device can be used for creating an aerosol fire extinguishing medium, for example, by pyrotechnical means.

[0030] The term "solid aerosol-forming compound" refers to a solid mixture of oxidant, combustible component, and technical admixtures that produces a condensed aerosol upon ignition.

[0031] The term "medium" refers to a substance, material, or environment that supports, facilitates, or enables a specific function or process. The medium can be a physical or chemical component. Optionally, medium refers to the substance or environment in which a chemical reaction, process, or interaction takes place. It may serve as the surrounding material that supports the reaction but may or may not participate directly in the chemical changes. For example, the medium can be a solvent medium in which solutes are dissolved during a reaction or a reaction medium where a chemical reaction occurs in an environment (e.g., liquid, gas, or solid). For example, a medium can be a generated aerosol. Optionally, the medium can refer to a physical device (like a hard drive or memory chip).

[0032] Unless otherwise stated, the term "about" shall mean plus or minus of up to and including 30 percent of the subsequent value. For example, it means plus or minus 0%, 5%, 10%, 15%, 20%, 25%, or 30%.

[0033] In one aspect of the present disclosure, compositions including coolant compositions are provided. As mentioned above, the compositions of the present disclosure solve at least one or more of the above-mentioned problems. Specifically, they reduce or eliminate the temperature from a medium, such as aerosols and devices that dissipate heat. Additionally, the compositions of the present disclosure filter harmful residues generated from the medium.

[0034] Furthermore, the compositions and coolant compositions of the present disclosure protect the quality and performance of aerosol fire extinguishing devices due to their high physical resistance to heat, cold, humidity, mechanical shock, impact, vibration, and friction. Additionally, due to the purification, cleaning, and cooling of the aerosol dispersed from the device by the coolant composition or the composition, aerosol fire suppression devices can be used at a minimum safe distance from sensitive equipment and people.

[0035] In one embodiment, the coolant composition of the present disclosure absorbs heat from a medium, optionally, an aerosol generated from a solid condensed aerosol-forming composition. The coolant composition comprises silicate, alumina, an iron oxide-based compound, a titanium oxide-based compound, and an alkali metal oxide.

[0036] The term "silicate" in the present disclosure refers to a group of minerals and chemical compounds that contain silicon and oxygen, typically in the form of silicon-oxygen tetrahedra (SiO 4 ). Optionally, silicate includes nesosilicates (orthosilicates), where isolated SiO 4 tetrahedra are not directly linked to each other but are bonded to metal ions, such as in olivine or garnet. Optionally, silicate includes sorosilicate, where two SiO 4 tetrahedra share one oxygen atom, forming Si 2 O 7 groups, for example, epidote and hemimorphite. Optionally, silicate includes cyclosilicates (ring silicates), where SiO 4 tetrahedra are arranged in rings with each tetrahedron sharing two oxygen atoms, are also included, for example, beryl and tourmaline. Single-chain inosilicates, where SiO 4 tetrahedra are linked in single chains with each tetrahedron sharing two oxygen atoms (e.g., pyroxenes), are another optional form. Additionally, silicate includes double-chain inosilicates, where two single chains are linked together with some tetrahedra sharing three oxygen atoms (e.g., amphiboles). Phyllosilicates (sheet silicates), where SiO 4 tetrahedra are linked in flat sheets with each tetrahedron sharing three oxygen atoms, such as mica, talc, and clay minerals, are another option. Tectosilicates (framework silicates), where SiO 4 tetrahedra are fully interlinked in a three-dimensional framework with each tetrahedron sharing all four oxygen atoms, for example, quartz, feldspar, and zeolites, are also another option. Optionally, the silicate may be silicon dioxide-based materials, such as silica (SiO 2 ), or aluminosilicate (Al 2 SiO 5 ).

[0037] The compositions and coolant compositions of the present disclosure further comprise alumina.

[0038] Alumina, also known as aluminium oxide, is a chemical compound with the formula Al 2 O 3 . It can be obtained from several minerals, including corundum, bauxite, and spinel. The alumina in the composition or coolant composition can exist in one or more different crystalline forms. Optionally, only one crystalline form is present in the composition. Alternatively, two or more crystalline forms of alumina are present in the composition.

[0039] Optionally, the alumina is alpha alumina, also known as corundum. Alpha-alumina is thermodynamically stable, extremely hard, and has a high melting point (over 2000°C). Optionally, the alumina may be gamma-alumina. Gamma-alumina has a high surface area and is porous, making it desirable for heat absorption and particle adsorption applications. It can be transformed into alpha-alumina by calcination at high temperatures.

[0040] Optionally, the alumina is delta-alumina or theta-alumina. These forms are also porous and are desirable for heat absorption and particle adsorption.

[0041] Optionally, the alumina is beta-alumina. Optionally, the alumina is zeta-alumina. Both forms have a desirable porous nature and high surface area, making them suitable for the applications of the present disclosure.

[0042] Alumina, as disclosed herein, has a high melting point, above 2000°C, which allows alumina to withstand high temperatures without breaking down, making it ideal for use in high-temperature environments such as solid condensed aerosol generators as described in the present disclosure. Additionally, alumina is chemically inert and resistant to most chemical reactions, ensuring it does not degrade or react under high temperatures. Furthermore, alumina's high porosity and large surface area enhance its ability to absorb and dissipate heat and particles, which is particularly valuable for the application of the present invention.

[0043] The composition and the coolant composition of the present disclosure further comprise iron oxide, a chemical compound composed of iron and oxygen. Iron oxide compounds are found in minerals and ores. The composition and coolant composition of the present disclosure contain one or more forms of iron oxide.

[0044] Optionally, the iron oxide is hematite (Fe 2 O 3 ). Optionally, the iron oxide is magnetite (Fe 3 O 4 ). Optionally, the iron oxide is goethite (FeO (OH)). Optionally, the iron oxide is ferrihydrite (Fe 5 HO 8 •4H 2 O). Optionally, the iron oxide is ferrite (mixed metal oxides). Ferrites are ceramic compounds containing iron oxide mixed with other metal oxides (e.g., manganese, zinc, or nickel). According to the present disclosure, iron oxide compounds, particularly hematite, have high thermal stability, making them suitable for use in high-temperature environments. They do not easily break down or react, which is valuable for the applications of the present disclosure. Additionally, they can absorb and transfer heat efficiently and are corrosion resistant. Furthermore, iron oxide is used to absorb contaminants and heat.

[0045] The composition and the coolant composition of the present disclosure further comprise titanium oxide-based compounds. Titanium oxide, also known as titanium dioxide (TiO 2 ), is commonly found in minerals such as rutile, anatase, and brookite. The composition and coolant composition of the present disclosure comprise one or more forms of titanium oxide. Optionally, the titanium oxide is in the form of rutile, anatase, brookite, titanium suboxides (TiO, Ti 2 O 3 , etc.), or a combination of these forms. Titanium dioxide is highly stable at elevated temperatures, making it suitable for use in high-temperature environments. This stability ensures that TiO 2 does not degrade or change its properties when exposed to heat, which is crucial for maintaining performance in heat-exposed applications. Additionally, titanium dioxide is non-toxic and biocompatible, and its ability to absorb heat without releasing harmful substances makes it safe for use in products that come into contact with humans or the environment.

[0046] The composition and coolant composition of the present disclosure further comprise alkali metal oxides. Alkali metal oxides are chemical compounds composed of alkali metals (lithium, sodium, potassium, rubidium, cesium, and francium) and oxygen. These oxides typically form when alkali metals react with oxygen, resulting in a variety of oxide structures depending on the specific metal and its oxidation state. Alkali metal oxides are commercially available, and their industrial production methods are well known. The composition and coolant composition of the present disclosure contains one or more of the different forms of alkali metal oxides. The alkali metal oxide is sodium oxide (Na 2 O), potassium oxide (K 2 O), or any combination thereof.

[0047] In one embodiment, the coolant composition, according to any of the preceding embodiments, is used for absorbing heat from an aerosol generated from a solid condensed aerosol-forming composition. The coolant composition comprises silicate, alumina, an iron oxide-based compound, a titanium oxide-based compound, and an alkali metal oxide as described above.

[0048] A solid condensed aerosol-forming composition refers to a mixture of chemicals or substances that, when burned or otherwise ignited, generate aerosols-small particles suspended in gas-into the air. These aerosol-forming compositions are used, for example, in aerosol fire extinguishing systems, and their compositions are well known. Key components of aerosol-forming compositions include, for example: a material that combusts to produce the energy needed for aerosol formation, such as powdered metals like magnesium or aluminium; a chemical oxidizer that provides the necessary oxygen to sustain the combustion, with common oxidizers including potassium nitrate (KNO 3 ), potassium chlorate (KClO 3 ), or ammonium perchlorate (NH 4 ClO 4 ); and a substance that holds the composition together in a solid form. Binders can be polymers or other materials that also contribute to the combustion process.

[0049] When the composition is ignited, the combustible material reacts with the oxidizer, producing heat and releasing gases. The heat causes the binder and other additives to vaporize or decompose, forming tiny solid or liquid particles. These particles are then carried by the expanding gases into the air, forming an aerosol.

[0050] The composition and the coolant composition of the present disclosure absorb the heat, cool down the generated aerosol, keep the device cool, and filter harmful residues and particles from the aerosol.

[0051] The coolant composition for absorbing heat from an aerosol generated from a solid condensed aerosol-forming composition comprises silica (SiO 2 ) in an amount ranging from 28 wt.% to 52wt.% relative to the total weight of the coolant composition; Alumina (Al 2 O 3 ) in an amount ranging from 17.5 wt.% to 32.5 wt.% relative to the total weight of the coolant composition; Iron Oxide (Fe 2 O 3 ) in an amount ranging from 5.6 wt.% to 10.4 wt.% relative to the total weight of the coolant composition; Titanium Dioxide (TiO 2 ) in an amount ranging from 2.8 wt.% to 5.2 wt.% relative to the total weight of the coolant composition; and Potassium Oxide (K 2 O) and / or Sodium Oxide (Na 2 O) in an amount ranging from 16.1 wt.% to 29.9 wt.% relative to the total weight of the coolant composition. The total coolant composition is 100% by weight.

[0052] In another embodiment, the coolant composition for absorbing heat from an aerosol generated from a solid condensed aerosol-forming composition is provided, wherein the coolant composition comprises silica (SiO 2 ) in an amount of about 40 wt.% relative to the total weight of the coolant composition; alumina (Al 2 O 3 ) in an amount of about 25 wt.% relative to the total weight of the coolant composition; iron oxide (Fe 2 O 3 ) in an amount of about 8 wt.% relative to the total weight of the coolant composition; titanium dioxide (TiO 2 ) in an amount of about 4 wt.% relative to the total weight of the coolant composition; potassium oxide (K 2 O) in an amount of about 12 wt.% relative to the total weight of the coolant composition; and sodium oxide (Na 2 O) in an amount of about 11 wt.% relative to the total weight of the coolant composition.

[0053] The present disclosure provides a composition for absorbing heat from an aerosol generated from a solid condensed aerosol-forming composition. The composition comprises the coolant composition according to any of the preceding embodiments.

[0054] In one embodiment, the coolant composition according to any of the preceding embodiments constitutes 40% or about 40% by weight of the total composition, wherein the total composition is 100% by weight.

[0055] In another embodiment, 60 wt.% or about 60 wt.% of the total composition is hydrated magnesium silicate (Mg 3 Si 4 O 10 (OH) 2 ), and 40 wt.% or about 40 wt.% of the total composition is the coolant composition according to any of the preceding embodiments.

[0056] In another embodiment, a composition is provided, wherein about 60 wt.% of total composition is hydrated magnesium silicate having chemical formula of Mg 3 Si 4 O 10 (OH) 2 or hydrous aluminum silicate having chemical composition of Al 2 Si 2 O 5 (OH) 4 or their combination thereof and about 40 wt.% of total composition is the coolant composition according to any of the preceding embodiments.

[0057] The composition and the coolant composition of the present disclosure, according to any of the preceding embodiments, are not limited to absorbing heat from an aerosol generated from a solid condensed aerosol-forming composition. They can also be used for absorbing heat from a medium. Such a medium includes any substance or material that generates heat, also referred to as a thermal medium or heat-generating medium. This refers to a substance or material that releases heat through chemical reactions or physical processes, such as during exothermic reactions where the reactants release energy in the form of heat as they convert into products. These include combustion reactions, oxidation reactions, and neutralization reactions. Physical processes that generate heat include, for example, friction, compression, or radiation.

[0058] Not within the scope of the claims, the composition for absorbing heat from a medium comprises silicate, alumina, an iron oxide-based compound, a titanium oxide-based compound, and an alkali metal oxide.

[0059] The composition for absorbing heat from a medium comprises: silicate in an amount ranging from 28 wt.% to 52 wt.% relative to the total weight of the coolant composition; alumina in an amount ranging from 17.5 wt.% to 32.5 wt.% relative to the total weight of the coolant composition; an iron oxide-based compound in an amount ranging from 5.6 wt.% to 10.4 wt.% relative to the total weight of the coolant composition; a titanium oxide-based compound in an amount ranging from 2.8 wt.% to 5.2 wt.% relative to the total weight of the coolant composition; and an alkali metal oxide in an amount ranging from 16.1 wt.% to 29.9 wt.% relative to the total weight of the coolant composition. wherein the total coolant composition is 100% by weight.

[0060] Not within the scope of the claims, the composition for absorbing heat from a medium comprises: silica (SiO 2 ) in an amount ranging from 28 wt.% to 52 wt.% relative to the total weight of the coolant composition; alumina (Al 2 O 3 ) in an amount ranging from 17.5 wt.% to 32.5 wt.% relative to the total weight of the coolant composition; iron oxide (Fe 2 O 3 ) in an amount ranging from 5.6 wt.% to 10.4 wt.% relative to the total weight of the coolant composition; titanium dioxide (TiO 2 ) in an amount ranging from 2.8 wt.% to 5.2 wt.% relative to the total weight of the coolant composition; and potassium oxide (K 2 O) and / or sodium oxide (Na 2 O) in an amount ranging from 16.1 wt.% to 29.9 wt.% relative to the total weight of the coolant composition. The total coolant composition is 100% by weight.

[0061] Not within the scope of the claims, the composition for absorbing heat from a medium comprises: silica (SiO 2 ) in an amount of about 40 wt.% relative to the total weight of the coolant composition; alumina (Al 2 O 3 ) in an amount of about 25 wt.% relative to the total weight of the coolant composition; iron oxide (Fe 2 O 3 ) in an amount of about 8 wt.% relative to the total weight of the coolant composition; titanium dioxide (TiO 2 ) in an amount of about 4 wt.% relative to the total weight of the coolant composition; potassium oxide (K 2 O) in an amount of about 12 wt.% relative to the total weight of the coolant composition; and sodium oxide (Na 2 O) in an amount of about 11 wt.% relative to the total weight of the coolant composition. The total coolant composition is 100% by weight.

[0062] The present disclosure provides an aerosol fire extinguishing device or system for suppressing fires. The aerosol fire extinguishing device or system of the present disclosure works by releasing a fine mist of solid particles and gases into the air. These particles, typically made of potassium-based compounds, act as fire suppressants by interrupting the chemical reactions that sustain a fire. Upon ignition or actuation of the aerosol-forming composition as explained above, the device generates an aerosol, which is a suspension of fine solid particles in a gas. These particles are usually in the micrometre size range, making them effective at permeating the fire zone. The aerosol particles interact with the free radicals produced during combustion (such as hydroxyl radicals, OH). This interaction disrupts flame propagation, effectively stopping the combustion process. The aerosol also helps absorb heat from the fire, lowering the temperature in the affected area and aiding in extinguishment.

[0063] The aerosol fire extinguishing devices incorporate a heat-generating mechanism as part of their operation. The heat is typically generated through a controlled chemical reaction, often involving a pyrotechnic charge or other heat-producing material. The generated heat helps propel the aerosol particles more effectively, ensuring that the aerosol spreads throughout the protected area. This is especially crucial in larger spaces where uniform distribution is needed. Additionally, the added heat energy aids in the aerosol's penetration into small gaps and cavities where a fire might be smouldering. The activation of the device itself may also trigger heat generation, often through an electrical signal that ignites the pyrotechnic charge.

[0064] There are several different forms and variations of the aerosol fire extinguishing devices according to the present disclosure.

[0065] For example, there are handheld aerosol fire extinguishers. These are small, portable units that can be carried and used manually. They are similar in size to traditional fire extinguishers but utilize aerosol technology. Upon activation, a pyrotechnic charge inside the device generates heat, which produces and propels the aerosol into the fire zone. These are ideal for small fires in homes, vehicles, and boats, and are especially useful in confined spaces where traditional extinguishers might be too bulky.

[0066] Another example is fixed aerosol fire suppression systems. These systems consist of fixed units installed in strategic locations within a room or compartment. They can be modular, with multiple units connected to cover larger areas. Typically, these systems are connected to a fire detection system (e.g., smoke or heat detectors) that automatically triggers the release of the aerosol when a fire is detected. The fixed units may contain a solid chemical compound that, when ignited by an electrical signal, generates both the aerosol and the heat necessary to disperse it. They are commonly used in data centres, electrical rooms, and industrial facilities where a rapid response to a fire is critical.

[0067] A further example of the fire extinguishing device in the present disclosure is condensed aerosol generators. These devices are self-contained units that store a solid aerosol-forming compound. Upon ignition, the compound produces the aerosol and the necessary heat to disperse it. These generators usually do not rely on external power sources; the reaction within the device is sufficient to generate and release the aerosol. They are used in enclosed spaces such as server rooms, electrical cabinets, and machinery compartments.

[0068] Another example of the fire extinguishing device in the present disclosure is fire suppressant aerosol throwables. These are compact, throwable devices that can be tossed into a fire. They contain an aerosol-generating charge that is activated upon impact. The activation mechanism includes a small pyrotechnic reaction that produces heat to facilitate the aerosol release. These are useful in emergency situations where it might be dangerous to approach the fire, such as in confined spaces or areas with high heat.

[0069] A further example of the fire extinguishing device in the present disclosure is automatic room flooding systems. These large-scale systems are designed to flood an entire room or enclosed space with aerosol when a fire is detected. Multiple aerosol generators may be installed to ensure complete coverage. These systems are typically connected to automatic fire detection systems and are triggered when sensors detect smoke or heat. The aerosol generators in these systems include heat-producing elements to ensure that the aerosol disperses thoroughly across the room. These systems are used in critical environments such as data centres, archives, and storage facilities where a fire could cause significant damage.

[0070] Another example of the fire extinguishing device disclosed herein is Marine and Vehicle Aerosol Systems. These systems are specifically designed to protect the engine compartments of boats, ships, and vehicles. They are compact and rugged to withstand the harsh conditions typical in these environments. The devices include heat-generating elements to ensure the aerosol reaches all parts of the engine compartment. These systems can be either manually activated or automatically triggered by sensors that detect high temperatures or smoke. They are used in marine vessels, vehicles, and aircraft to protect against engine fires and other high-risk areas.

[0071] The composition and coolant composition according to any of the preceding embodiments can be utilized in any of the fire extinguishing devices described in the preceding embodiments.

[0072] The present disclosure provides a fire extinguishing device comprising a container, a solid condensed aerosol-forming composition disposed within said container, an ignition device operatively associated with said aerosol-forming composition for igniting said aerosol-forming composition to generate an aerosol, a composition or coolant composition for absorbing heat from the generated aerosol according to any of the preceding embodiments, and at least one dispersion means associated with said container for directing the cooled aerosol to a location to be protected from fire.

[0073] The container refers to any structural component or article cable of holding a material such as the coolant composition and aerosol-forming composition. The container can be made from durable, fire-resistant materials designed to house and store the coolant composition. The material of the container is selected for its ability to withstand high pressure, temperature variations, and potential corrosive effects of the extinguishing agent. For example, the materials include high-strength metals such as steel or aluminum alloys, or reinforced composites, which ensure the container's structural integrity during both storage and discharge of the extinguishing compound such as aerosol. The material may also be treated with coatings or linings to enhance resistance to corrosion, prevent chemical reactions with the agent, and ensure long-term reliability of the fire extinguishing system. The container can be any desired shape such as cylindrical, cubic, rectangular, spherical.

[0074] The ignition device refers to any component or mechanism that initiates the combustion or chemical reaction in a fire extinguishing system such as aerosol fire extinguishing system releasing a fine, extinguishing aerosol to suppress a fire. This device serves to trigger the system either automatically, in response to environmental cues such as heat or smoke, or manually by a user. The ignition device ensures the chemical compound inside the extinguisher (e.g. potassium-based) undergoes combustion, creating the fire-suppressing aerosol particles.

[0075] The ignition device within an aerosol fire extinguishing system can be a pyrotechnic initiator or electric ignition module that triggers the aerosol-generating compound. This ignition device may be a thermal sensor, an electric match, or a fuse that responds to a specific trigger (such as temperature, manual switch, or signal from a fire detection system). The device could be part of an electrically initiated system or a simpler thermally activated unit, depending on the design.

[0076] The solid condensed aerosol-forming composition of present disclosure refers to any solid material or chemical mixture that, when triggered (ignited), undergoes combustion or thermal decomposition to produce aerosols. This solid composition is designed to rapidly transform into an aerosol form when exposed to heat or ignition, often for purposes such as firefighting, or other industrial applications.

[0077] The solid condensed aerosol-forming composition can be used in fire extinguishers, which, upon activation, produces a fine aerosol consisting of micron-sized particles. These particles are dispersed into the air and are capable of suppressing fire by interrupting the chemical reactions of combustion, displacing oxygen, or physically coating and cooling the fuel source.

[0078] For example, a solid condensed aerosol-forming compositions include potassium nitrate-based Formulations. Potassium nitrate (KNO 3 ) is commonly used as an oxidizer in the formulation. When the composition is activated, potassium ions are released into the atmosphere. These ions disrupt the free radicals generated during combustion, interrupting the chain reaction, and extinguishing the fire.

[0079] Another example is ammonium perchlorate-based Formulations. Ammonium perchlorate (NH 4 ClO 4 ) is another oxidizer. It decomposes into various products like nitrogen, chlorine, and oxygen, contributing to flame suppression by displacing heat and inhibiting the chemical reactions responsible for sustaining the fire.

[0080] Some compositions may include metal oxides like magnesium oxide (MgO) or zinc oxide (ZnO). These generate a dense aerosol that absorbs heat and physically blankets the fire, cutting off its oxygen supply.

[0081] Polymers can be included in the composition to bind the solid particles and control the rate of aerosol generation. The polymers burn slowly and help control the release of aerosols, ensuring efficient suppression of the fire.

[0082] Alongside solid compositions, some systems may incorporate inert gases like nitrogen or argon in small quantities, which can help suppress the fire by diluting the concentration of oxygen in the environment.

[0083] The fire extinguishing mechanism of condensed aerosol systems typically works as follows: The solid composition is ignited by an initiator or high temperatures. The composition undergoes exothermic reactions, producing a mixture of gases and aerosol particles. These aerosols, composed of potassium or other metal salts, rapidly spread in the environment. The aerosol particles interfere with the free radicals in the flame (such as hydrogen and oxygen radicals), breaking the combustion chain and cooling the fire.

[0084] The fire extinguishing device according to the present disclosure are effective in fighting Class A, B, and C fires, and can be placed at any location due to its safety and minimum clearance requirement. These places include industrial locations, warehouses, data centres, engine compartments, aircrafts, ships, cranes.

[0085] The composition and the coolant composition according to any embodiments of present disclosure are used to absorb heat from an aerosol generated from igniting an aerosol-forming composition. The compositions and the coolant compositions of present disclosure are designed or used to capture, retain, or absorb thermal energy from its surroundings. These compositions or coolant compositions of present disclosure can either store the heat, optionally, for later use, dissipate it into another medium, or use it in various processes.

[0086] The compositions and coolant compositions of present disclosure are engineered or formulated that exhibit a high capacity for heat absorption, optionally, without undergoing significant changes in structure or function. The compositions and coolant compositions according to the present disclosure are engineered and formulated to absorb and manage the thermal energy released during the combustion or chemical reaction of an aerosol-forming composition.

[0087] The fire extinguishing device of present invention comprises at least one dispersion means. Dispersion mean refers, for example, to the methods or mechanisms used to release and distribute a medium such as the aerosolized fire suppression composition from the container to effectively cover and extinguish a fire. Dispersion means include, but not limited to, nozzles. Nozzles include single nozzle, multi-nozzle system, and rotating nozzles. Single nozzles are nozzle that directs the aerosol agent in a specific direction, designed for localized or targeted fire suppression. Multi-nozzles system allows for broader or multi-directional dispersion of the aerosol, covering larger areas. Rotating nozzles rotate during deployment, providing 360-degree coverage, particularly useful in confined spaces.

[0088] Optionally, dispersion means include vents. Vents include, for example, perforated dispersion vents. The medium or an aerosol is released through perforated vents, distributing the aerosol over a larger area in a finer mist. Another example is controlled Flow Vents. They are Designed to release the aerosol at a controlled rate, allowing the user to manage how quickly the aerosol is dispersed.

[0089] Another example of dispersion means is handheld trigger mechanisms. A manual option where the user controls the release of the aerosol agent through a trigger, typically in portable extinguishers. This allows for a more controlled and directed discharge. Another example of dispersion means is automatic dispersion systems. These systems are used in fixed aerosol fire suppression installations (such as in server rooms or engine compartments) where the aerosol is automatically deployed when fire or heat is detected. The release is, for example, through pre-installed nozzles or vents.

[0090] Other examples include burst discharge that rapidly disperses the aerosol in one quick blast, covering a wide area instantaneously; Fan-assisted systems where fans or blowers assist in the distribution of the aerosol agent to ensure that it is spread evenly across larger or more complex areas; aerosol grenades that are throwable aerosol fire extinguishers that disperse the agent once activated by impact or heat. The dispersion mechanism relies on the aerosol being released automatically when the grenade is triggered.

[0091] The composition or coolant composition used in the device comprises a coolant composition that includes silicate, alumina, an iron oxide-based compound, a titanium oxide-based compound, and an alkali metal oxide.

[0092] The present disclosure provides a fire extinguishing device for suppressing fires, comprising a container, a solid condensed aerosol-forming composition disposed within said container, an ignition device operatively associated with said aerosol-forming composition for igniting said aerosol-forming composition to generate an aerosol, and a composition for absorbing heat from the generated aerosol. The composition comprises a coolant composition that includes silica (SiO 2 ), alumina (Al 2 O 3 ), iron oxide (Fe 2 O 3 ), titanium dioxide (TiO 2 ), potassium oxide (K 2 O), and sodium oxide (Na 2 O), with at least one dispersion means associated with said container for directing the cooled aerosol to a location to be protected from fire.

[0093] The present disclosure provides a fire extinguishing device for suppressing fires comprising a container, a solid condensed aerosol-forming composition disposed within said container, an ignition device operatively associated with said aerosol-forming composition for igniting the aerosol-forming composition to generate an aerosol, a composition for absorbing heat from the generated aerosol, wherein the composition comprises a coolant composition including: silica (SiO 2 ) in an amount ranging from 28 wt.% to 52 wt.% relative to the total weight of the coolant composition; alumina (Al 2 O 3 ) in an amount ranging from 17.5 wt.% to 32.5 wt.% relative to the total weight of the coolant composition; iron oxide (Fe 2 O 3 ) in an amount ranging from 5.6 wt.% to 10.4 wt.% relative to the total weight of the coolant composition; titanium dioxide (TiO 2 ) in an amount ranging from 2.8 wt.% to 5.2 wt.% relative to the total weight of the coolant composition; and potassium oxide (K 2 O) and / or sodium oxide (Na 2 O) in an amount ranging from 16.1 wt.% to 29.9 wt.% relative to the total weight of the coolant composition; and at least one dispersion means associated with said container for directing the cooled aerosol to a location to be protected from fire. The total coolant composition is 100% by weight.

[0094] In another embodiment, the present disclosure provides a fire extinguishing device for suppressing fires comprising a container, a solid condensed aerosol-forming composition disposed within said container, an ignition device operatively associated with said aerosol-forming composition for igniting the aerosol-forming composition to generate an aerosol, a composition for absorbing heat from the generated aerosol, wherein the composition comprises a coolant composition including: silica (SiO 2 ) in an amount of about 40 wt.% relative to the total weight of the coolant composition; alumina (Al 2 O 3 ) in an amount of about 25 wt.% relative to the total weight of the coolant composition; iron oxide (Fe 2 O 3 ) in an amount of about 8 wt.% relative to the total weight of the coolant composition; titanium dioxide (TiO 2 ) in an amount of about 4 wt.% relative to the total weight of the coolant composition; potassium oxide (K 2 O) in an amount of about 12 wt.% relative to the total weight of the coolant composition; and sodium oxide (Na 2 O) in an amount of about 11 wt.% relative to the total weight of the coolant composition, and at least one dispersion means associated with said container for directing the cooled aerosol to a location to be protected from fire. The total coolant composition is 100% by weight.

[0095] In another embodiment, the present disclosure provides a fire extinguishing device according to any one of the preceding embodiments, wherein the coolant composition constitutes about 40% by weight of the total composition, with the total composition being 100% by weight.

[0096] In another embodiment, the present disclosure provides a fire extinguishing device according to any one of the preceding embodiments, wherein about 60% by weight of the composition is hydrated magnesium silicate (Mg 3 Si 4 O 10 (OH) 2 ), or hydrous aluminum silicate having chemical composition of Al 2 Si 2 O 5 (OH) 4 or their combination thereof with the total composition being 100% by weight.

[0097] Not within the scope of the claims, the disclosure provides for the use of the composition and the coolant composition according to any of the preceding embodiments in a device, optionally an aerosol-generating device, wherein the aerosol is generated by igniting a solid condensed aerosol-forming composition.

[0098] Not within the scope of the claims, the present disclosure provides a mineral product according to the composition and coolant composition of any of the preceding embodiments. Optionally, the mineral product is composed of potassium oxide (12%), silica (40%), iron oxide (8%), alumina (25%), sodium oxide (11%), and titanium dioxide (4%).

[0099] In one embodiment, the composition and the coolant composition according to any of the preceding embodiments are designed to be shaped and pressed in special moulds for use in an aerosol fire suppression device, optionally inside its cylinder (or container), which absorbs waste and heat from the solid fuel (aerosol compound) inside the cylinder and aerosol. The output from the device is completely refined, clean, and cool. The composition and the coolant composition can be produced in different shapes and sizes according to the design of the device. For example, they can be cubical, cylindrical, pyramidal, cone-like, or spherical in shape. Depending on their shape, they can have different dimensions, such as a length from 5 mm to 500 mm, a width from 5 mm to 50 mm, a height from 5 mm to 50 mm, or a diameter from 5 mm to 50 mm.

[0100] Not within the scope of the claims, methods of preparing the composition and the coolant composition of the present disclosure is provided. In this method each component of the coolant composition according to any of the preceding embodiments are mixed together, heated and cooled to form the final product (the composition and coolant composition). Example 1 provides an exemplary method of manufacturing the composition and coolant composition of the present disclosure.Example 1: Method of Manufacturing the Composition and Coolant Composition of the Present Disclosure

[0101] In this example, talcum powder is used as a base material for making dry composition due to its effectiveness in moulding and forming materials. This composition is a hydrated magnesium silicate with the formula Mg 3 Si 4 O 10 (OH) 2 , and has a white to light grey colour. It is processed into a powder with a size of 0.05 mm.

[0102] In this example, talcum powder makes up to 60 wt.% of the total weight of the composition. For example, to make 100 kg of the composition powder, 60 kg of talcum powder is used as the base material, and the remaining materials are added in the ratios mentioned below.

[0103] One reason to use talcum powder is to create softness and flexibility in the dough. Kaolinite powder having chemical composition of Al 2 Si 2 O 5 (OH) 4 can also be used or combination of talcum powder and kaolinite powder.

[0104] The percentage of ingredients for the remaining 40% makes up the coolant composition as disclosed in the present disclosure. In this example, the coolant composition comprises (the total coolant composition is 100 wt.%): A) Silica (SiO 2 ): 40 wt.% B) Alumina (Al 2 O 3 ): 25 wt.% C) Iron Oxide (Fe 2 O 3 ): 8 wt.% D) Titanium Dioxide (TiO 2 ): 4 wt.% E) Potassium Oxide (K 2 O): 12 wt.% F) Sodium Oxide (Na 2 O): 11 wt.%

[0105] Exemplary Reasons and Methods of Using Each of the Materials: A) Silica (SiO 2 ): Silica is selected to, for example, increase strength and reduce shrinkage of the composition during baking. Optionally, it is used in powder form with a size of less than 0.05 mm. B) Alumina (Al 2 O 3 ): Alumina is selected to, for example, increase strength and withstand extreme high temperature. Optionally, it is used in powder form with a size of less than 0.05 mm. C) Iron Oxide (Fe 2 O 3 ): Iron Oxide is selected to, for example, enhance the product's mechanical resistance. It is used in powder form with a size of less than 0.05 mm. D) Titanium Dioxide (TiO 2 ): Though used in small quantities, Titanium Dioxide is significantly increasing thermal and physical resistance of the composition, in particular, when combined with silica and alumina. Optionally, it is used in powder form with a size of less than 0.05 mm. E) Potassium Oxide (K 2 O): This substance helps homogenize the composition of the ingredients and adjust the dough's stickiness. Its chemical properties also improve the thermal resistance of the composition. Optionally, it is used in powder form with a size of less than 0.05 mm. F) Sodium Oxide (Na 2 O): This material affects the quality of forming and the degree of porosity in the final composition. Optionally, it is used in powder form with a size of less than 0.05 mm. A-F) combination of this purposefully selected components, particularly, in a specified wt. % amount achieves a combined technical effect greater than using individual components. This specifically designed combination provides a synergistic effect as stated above and shown below under results and table 1. For example, as shown in the comparison experimentation below, plaster tablets having combination of Silica and Alumina do not provide the same technical advantages as the composition of present disclosure.

[0106] Preparing and Mixing Dry Ingredients: In this example, all the materials mentioned above are first turned into a powder with a particle size of less than 0.05 mm. They are then mixed in their dry form to create a homogeneous and uniform powder. 60 wt.% of the base material and 40 wt.% of the coolant composition are mixed in their dry form to create a homogeneous and uniform powder. For example, to produce 100 kg of the composition, 60 kg of a base material and 40 kg of the coolant composition (the above-mentioned 6 ingredients) is used.

[0107] Then, water is added in an amount that is 25% of the total weight of the dry ingredients. For example, 2.5 litres of water is added for 10 kg of the dry composition.

[0108] The dry ingredients are mixed in the determined ratio. In this example, a mixing machine is used for about 50 minutes to obtain a completely uniform and homogeneous powder. Water is gradually added to the mixture to form a dough. The dough is kneaded thoroughly until it is completely mixed and homogeneous. The dough is allowed to rest for one day so that the moisture is evenly distributed throughout.

[0109] The prepared dough is placed in rectangular wooden moulds. The dimensions, shape, and height of the mold depend on the desired size of the final product (composition comprising coolant composition or coolant composition). For example, if the height of the final product is 10 mm, the height of the mold is also set to 10 mm. In this step, molding is performed inside the mold using a small manual mold that matches the dimensions of the desired piece. The molded parts are then placed on a tray and prepared for the next steps. They undergo an initial drying for around 1 to 7 days. The initial drying is performed in an environment with a controlled temperature between 20°C and 30°C and a relative humidity of about 50%.

[0110] Then, they are baked in a furnace. Firing Temperature is: Furnace temperature: 900°C to 1000°C Time to reach temperature: 8 to 24 hours. Storage time at temperature: 0.5 to 2 hours

[0111] At this stage, the remaining water in the parts evaporates, but they still retain their porosity. The parts are initially heated at a low temperature (between 100°C and 200°C) to slowly evaporate the remaining chemical and mechanical water without causing cracks. Afterward, the temperature is gradually raised to the final firing temperature. After this stage, the pieces become lighter and more resistant and are ready for final firing.

[0112] As with the initial firing, the temperature increase is performed slowly to avoid cracks and unwanted deformations. After reaching the final firing temperature, the furnace is slowly turned off, allowing it to cool gradually so that the temperature of the parts reaches ambient temperature.

[0113] Cooling Stage is performed thereafter. Cooling Time is between 12 to 24 hours (depending on the type of furnace and the size of the parts). Cooling is performed slowly in the furnace to avoid thermal shock and cracking. The temperature of the furnace is gradually reduced so that the temperature of the parts slowly reaches ambient temperature. The relative humidity of the environment at this stage is around 50%. The lowest temperature for cooling is about 20°C. The final products (composition having the coolant composition according to the present disclosure) as shown in Fig. 2 are packed after quality control. Due to the high humidity and physical resistance of these parts, there is no need for any special temperature or humidity considerations during the storage process.Example 2:

[0114] As shown in Fig. 1A and Fig. 1B, an aerosol fire extinguishing device is provided. In this exemplary device, the aerosol fuel (aerosol-forming composition) is installed in the middle of the central chassis of the cylinder (or container), and then the empty space of the cylinder is compactly and uniformly filled with the composition or coolant composition according to any of the preceding embodiments, ensuring that the solid fuel is centred (depending on the design of the device, the aerosol forming composition can be placed at different locations within the container. However, they need to be placed at a location where the generated aerosol goes directly or indirectly through the composition or coolant composition of present disclosure in order to be cooled (its generated heat absorbed and filtered). A vibrating table can be used when filling the empty space of the cylinder.

[0115] When the aerosol solid fuel is electrically or thermally stimulated or ignited, it produces a mixture of dry micro-sized particles. These dry chemical particles (e.g., potassium carbonates) combine with a mixture of gases (e.g., carbon dioxide, nitrogen, and water vapor) to form the extinguishing aerosol. Before the generated aerosol exits the cylinder chamber into the covered area, the aerosol particles pass through the space where the composition or coolant composition of the present disclosure is placed. This process reduces the temperature of the cylinders, neutralizes the temperature of the output aerosol, absorbs the fuel residue, and evenly disperses it in the environment. Uniform diffusion occurs in less than a few seconds, and the long persistence of the aerosol in the environment prevents the fire from reigniting.

[0116] The composition and coolant composition of the present disclosure are used as purifying and cooling agents around the aerosol solid fuel inside aerosol fire suppression cylinders.

[0117] Comparison Test: as mentioned above, the major problems associated with current aerosol fire extinguishing devices are as follows: the high temperature of the aerosol that comes out of the cylinders; the safety distance or clearance that the device must be kept away from equipment and people; and the residual particles that remain on nearby objects and equipment after operation, which can cause damage to equipment, machinery, and documents. These problems are mainly caused by the lack of quality and the nature of coolant compositions used in the structure of fire suppression systems, which has led to significant defects in solid fuel (aerosol) fire extinguishing products.Comparison of Existing Aerosol Fire Extinguishing Devices with Coolant Compositions vs. Aerosol Fire Extinguishing Devices with the Coolant Composition of the Present Disclosure:

[0118] The performance of the composition of the present disclosure in the aerosol fire extinguishing device is compared with the existing ceramic cooling compositions and plaster tablets cooling compositions used currently in the aerosol fire extinguishing devices. The results are shown in Table 1. The obtained results are attributed to the effect of the coolant compositions in such devices.

[0119] Comparing Aerosol Fire Extinguisher having Ceramic Coolant Compositions (Existing fire extinguisher with known coolant composition): For this comparison, the commercially available condensed aerosol generator, FirePro ™< , model number: FNX-3000 / FNX-3000S / T / TS, is used. This condensed aerosol fire extinguisher uses a ceramic coolant. As shown in Table 1, ceramic coolants do not have good resistance to mechanical shock and vibration. Due to their smooth and polished surface, these parts do not absorb the residue resulting from the burning of aerosol tablets well. Further, the minimum safety distance (minimum clearance) for such fire extinguishers is about 2 meters from personnel and 60 cm from combustible materials. Additional factors are shown in Table 1. The temperature of released aerosol is about 75 °C.

[0120] Comparing Plaster Tablets Made of Silica and Alumina ("Plaster Tablets") (Existing fire extinguisher with known coolant composition): For this comparison, the commercially available DSPA ™< Aerosol Generators model 11-5 & 11-6 are used. They utilize plaster tablets which is a combination of silica and alumina as coolants. As shown in Table 1, these coolants do not have good moisture and heat resistance and turn into mud in the presence of moisture. Additionally, due to wear, their composition turns into powder, creating empty space inside the aerosol cylinder chamber. Further, the minimum safety distance (minimum clearance) is 50cm-150cm. The temperature of released aerosol is about 400 °C. Additional factors are shown in Table 1.

[0121] Coolant Composition According to the Present Disclosure: For the comparison, the following coolant composition, prepared according to the methods mentioned above, is used. The coolant composition comprises (the total coolant composition is 100 wt.%): ∘ Silica (SiO 2 ) in an amount of about 40 wt.% relative to the total weight of the coolant composition. ∘ Alumina (Al 2 O 3 ) in an amount of about 25 wt.% relative to the total weight of the coolant composition. ∘ Iron Oxide (Fe 2 O 3 ) in an amount of about 8 wt.% relative to the total weight of the coolant composition. ∘ Titanium Dioxide (TiO 2 ) in an amount of about 4 wt.% relative to the total weight of the coolant composition. ∘ Potassium Oxide (K 2 O) in an amount of about 12 wt.% relative to the total weight of the coolant composition. ∘ Sodium Oxide (Na 2 O) in an amount of about 11 wt.% relative to the total weight of the coolant composition.

[0122] Results: See Table 1 Table 1:BenefitsCoolant of present disclosureExisting Ceramic CoolantExisting Plaster TabletsTemperature of Aerosol released after ignitionUnder 40 °C75 °C400 °CClearance Distance0-2cm60cm-2m50cm-150cmVibration resistance500 Hz50 HzLess than 50 HzDevice Operation Temperature Ragne-30 °C to +60 °C-20 °C to +50 °C-20 °C to +50 °CDevice Operation Humidity Range98%93%95%Mechanical Shock Resistance136G50GLess than 50G

[0123] As shown, the advantages of the composition and coolant composition of the present disclosure are that they absorb heat and remove waste resulting from the aerosol generated by the solid fuel, which is created at a very high temperature (e.g., 1000 degrees Celsius). The coolant composition and the composition of the present disclosure reduce the minimum safety distance or clearance required from the devices to zero or less or equal 2cm. At the same time, the composition and coolant composition of the present disclosure are resistant to moisture, cold, mechanical shock, and vibration. Any changes in this product would generally affect the performance of the fire extinguishing devices and the output aerosol. Additionally, due to the high physical resistance of this product to heat, cold, moisture, impact, shock, and vibration, its performance and characteristics remain unchanged, thereby increasing the quality and optimal performance of the fire suppression device for many years. Furthermore, the unique combination of the components of the coolant composition and the composition has a desired porosity and surface area which is crucial for the effective of aerosol release and heat absorption.

Claims

1. An aerosol fire extinguishing device for suppressing fires comprising: a container; a solid condensed aerosol-forming composition disposed within said container; an ignition device operatively associated with said aerosol-forming composition for igniting said aerosol-forming composition to generate an aerosol; a composition for absorbing heat from the generated aerosol, wherein the composition comprises a coolant composition comprising: Silica (SiO2) in an amount ranging from 28 wt.% to 52 wt.% relative to the total weight of the coolant composition; Alumina (Al2O3) in an amount ranging from 17.5 wt.% to 32.5 wt.% relative to the total weight of the coolant composition; Iron Oxide (Fe2O3) in an amount ranging from 5.6 wt. % to 10.4 wt. % relative to the total weight of the coolant composition; Titanium Dioxide (TiO2) in an amount ranging from 2.8 wt. % to 5.2 wt.% relative to the total weight of the coolant composition; Potassium Oxide (K2O) and / or Sodium Oxide (Na2O) in an amount ranging from 16.1wt.% to 29.9 wt.% relative to the total weight of the coolant composition; the total coolant composition is 100% by weight; and at least one dispersion means associated with said container for directing the aerosol to a location to be protected from fire.

2. The aerosol fire extinguishing device of claim 1, wherein 40% by weight of the composition for absorbing heat from the generated aerosol is the coolant composition, the total composition is 100% by weight.

3. The aerosol fire extinguishing device according to claims 1 or 2, wherein 60% by weight of the composition for absorbing heat from the generated aerosol is hydrated magnesium silicate having chemical composition of Mg3Si4O10(OH)2 or hydrous aluminum silicate having chemical composition of Al2Si2O5(OH)4 or their combination thereof, the total composition is 100% by weight.