Construction equipment and method for operating same

Abstract

The invention relates to a construction device and a method for operating this construction device with a carrier device, an approximately vertical mast mounted on the carrier device, a traversing element which is vertically movable along a linear guide on the mast, and at least one GPS receiver unit which is arranged in the area of ​​the mast. According to the invention, the at least one GPS receiver unit is attached to the traversing element and is movable with the traversing element between an upper first measuring position and a lower second measuring position.

Description

[0001] The invention relates to a construction device comprising a carrier device, an approximately vertical mast mounted on the carrier device, a traversing element which is vertically traversable along a linear guide on the mast, and two GPS receiver units which are arranged in the area of ​​the mast, according to claim 1. The invention further relates to a method for operating such a construction device.

[0002] Such construction equipment, for example drilling rigs used to install foundation piles in the ground, has long been known. To determine the position of the drilling rig, it is common practice to equip it with a GPS system. This typically involves a GPS antenna mounted on the top of a mast. The GPS antenna usually extends vertically upwards, with this elevated position enabling the most accurate GPS positioning possible.

[0003] Simultaneously, positioning a GPS receiver unit at the top of the mast will also allow for determining the position of the borehole drilled in the ground. In a drilling rig, a drill drive with a drilling tool is guided linearly along the mast.

[0004] Drilling rigs, however, often have a mast with a height of 20 m or more. Due to the height of this mast, as well as unavoidable play in the mast's pivot bearings relative to the support structure, a GPS antenna at the top of the mast can be displaced by several centimeters relative to a borehole drilled on the ground. Such measurement fluctuations can occur, for example, when constructing so-called bored pile walls, where numerous piles must be installed close together with a defined overlap. To compensate for these fluctuations, correspondingly larger overlap areas between adjacent piles must be provided. This leads to increased material consumption and the installation of a greater number of piles for the bored pile walls.

[0005] This problem is addressed in the generic patent EP 3 296 467 A1, which discloses a drilling rig with a mast on which a GPS antenna is mounted. To detect rejections, a measuring device is also arranged on a carrier unit, with which the distance between the drilling tool and the carrier unit can be determined. Similar construction equipment is known from GB 2 442 389 A or EP 2 775 089 A1.

[0006] A generic construction device is described in CN 106 284 351 A. This device has a GPS antenna mounted on a drilling sled that can be moved along the mast.

[0007] The invention is based on the Task The basis is to specify a construction device and a method for operating a construction device, in which a particularly good position determination using a GPS system is enabled with the simplest possible design.

[0008] According to the invention, the problem is solved by a construction device with the features of claim 1 or by a method with the features of method claim 6. Preferred embodiments are specified in the dependent claims.

[0009] The construction device according to the invention is provided that the traversing element is a beam-shaped mast element, that the mast element has a linear slide guide on a front side facing away from the mast, that a slide is provided which is attached along the slide guide of the mast element, that two GPS receiver units are attached to the traversing element and that the GPS receiver units can be moved with the traversing element between an upper first measuring position and a lower second measuring position.

[0010] A fundamental aspect of the invention is the ability to mount the GPS receiver units on the mast so that they can be moved between vertically different measuring positions. A significant advantage arises from the fact that the drilling point can be approached when the system is extended upwards. The GPS receiver units are positioned as high as possible on the construction equipment to ensure good signal quality, even in densely populated areas.

[0011] To accurately determine the position of the element to be installed, such as a foundation pile or a driven element, it is advantageous to position the GPS receivers as close as possible to the ground. This allows for increased measurement accuracy with the existing GPS receiver, eliminating the need for additional measuring equipment. Moving the GPS receivers downwards along the mast also reduces inaccuracies caused by mast deflection and bearing play.

[0012] According to the invention, an increase in measurement accuracy is achieved by arranging several GPS receiver units. Specifically, two GPS receiver units are provided, which are arranged on opposite sides of the traversing element. The arrangement of several GPS receiver units allows for the compensation of measurement inaccuracies of individual receiver units, so that a very precise measurement can be achieved overall.

[0013] According to one embodiment of the invention, it is particularly advantageous for the GPS receiver units to have an antenna holder extending approximately horizontally away from the traversing element, at the free end of which a receiver element is arranged at a distance from the traversing element. The receiver element can be either an antenna or the GPS receiver unit with corresponding electronics. Distancing the GPS receiver unit from the traversing element enables improved signal reception.

[0014] It is particularly advantageous that the antenna mount has a first rod-shaped section and a second rod-shaped section, which are arranged at an obtuse angle to each other. The angle of the bend is preferably formed in a horizontal direction such that the GPS receiver is directed forward away from the mast.

[0015] According to the invention, the traversing element is a beam-shaped mast element, and the GPS receivers are mounted in an upper region of the mast element. A mast is essentially a two-part structure with a base mast on which a vertical, beam-shaped mast element is mounted so as to be vertically traversable along the base mast. A further linear guide can be provided on the beam-shaped mast element itself, along which a working carriage is mounted so as to be traversable. Preferably, the GPS receivers are mounted at the upper end of the mast element.

[0016] According to the invention, the mast element has a linear slide guide on its front side facing away from the mast, and a slide is provided which is mounted to be vertically movable along the slide guide of the mast element. The slide can, in principle, be a work slide for holding a construction tool. In principle, at least one GPS receiver could be provided on this slide. Preferably, however, the slide is free of a GPS receiver. The arrangement on the mast element ensures that the sensitive GPS receivers maintain a certain distance from the work area on the ground, even in the downward-moving measuring position, to protect the GPS receivers.

[0017] In one embodiment of the invention, it is particularly preferred that a working device, in particular a drilling drive, a vibratory hammer, or a pile driver, is arranged on the carriage. The drilling drive is, in particular, a hydraulic drive, such as those known to be used to drive a drill string, a continuous drill bit, a drill bucket, etc., for creating a borehole in the ground. A vibratory hammer is a working device with several driven unbalanced units to generate a controlled vibration, which is used, for example, to drive a pile, plank, or beam into the ground. The pile driver can, for example, be a diesel hammer or a hydraulic ram for generating impact impulses for driving or driving in piles, planks, or beams. A vibratory hammer or a pile driver can also be provided in combination with a drilling drive.

[0018] A particularly high utility value of the construction equipment according to the invention is achieved by providing an auxiliary winch beam at an upper end of the mast element, above the GPS receiver units. The auxiliary winch beam is a mast head with pulleys for at least one auxiliary cable, which is driven by a winch on the mast or the carrier unit. The auxiliary cable enables additional lifting tasks, such as raising a drilling tool, drill string element, pile, etc.

[0019] According to the invention, the auxiliary winch beam is rotatably mounted on the mast element about a vertical axis of rotation. The angle of rotation is limited and coordinated with the antenna arrangement of the GPS receiver units in such a way that the vertically downward-hanging auxiliary cable does not collide with the GPS receiver units or the antenna arrangement. Rotation can be effected by means of a rotary drive.

[0020] Depending on the construction equipment equipped with a suitable working tool or unit, a further development of the invention prefers that the construction equipment be a drilling rig, a vibratory rig, or a pile driver. However, the invention is not limited to these preferred configurations of construction equipment. Rather, the invention can also be used on all other construction equipment with a mast, where precise positioning by means of GPS receivers is desired.

[0021] The problem initially set out is further described by a method for operating a drilling device according to the invention, wherein a first position measurement is carried out with the GPS receiving units in an upper first measuring position, in which the travel element on the mast has been moved to an upper position, and a second position measurement is carried out in a lower second measuring position, in which the travel element has been moved to a lower position on the mast.

[0022] This method can be carried out with the construction equipment described above, achieving the advantages described above. In particular, with the method according to the invention, when the GPS receiver units are arranged in the upper first measuring position, the construction equipment can be adjusted, for example, when approaching a drilling point. If a borehole or foundation element is then created in the ground with the construction equipment, the GPS receiver units can perform a precise survey and position determination of the created element with increased accuracy when they are located in a lower second measuring position close to the element or the working point.

[0023] The invention is explained below with reference to preferred embodiments, which are schematically illustrated in the accompanying drawings. The drawings show: Fig. 1 a side view of a construction device according to the invention with the leader element raised; Fig. 2 a front view of the construction device of Fig. 1 ; Fig. 3 a perspective view of the construction equipment of Fig. 1 and Fig. 2 Fig. 4 a side view of the construction equipment from Figures 1 to 3 with the mast element lowered; Fig. 5 a front view of the construction equipment from Fig. 4 ; Fig. 6 a perspective view of the construction equipment of Fig. 4 and Fig. 5 ; Fig. 7 a perspective enlarged view of an upper area of ​​the piling element of the construction equipment of the Figures 1 to 6 ; and Fig. 8 an enlarged view of a modified GPS receiver unit according to the invention.

[0024] A construction device 10 according to the invention, which is designed as a drilling device, is shown schematically in the Figures 1 to 3The construction equipment 10 has a carrier unit 12, which includes a crawler chassis 14. A superstructure 16 with an operator's cab and the drives is rotatably mounted on the crawler chassis 14. A mast 20 or a mast assembly is adjustably arranged in a front area of ​​the superstructure 16 via a generally known linkage mechanism 18.

[0025] In the illustrated embodiment, the mast 20 consists of a beam-shaped vertical base mast 22, which can be moved vertically relative to the pivoting mechanism 18 by means of a traversing cylinder 19. The pivoting mechanism 18 allows the mast 20 to be folded into a substantially horizontal position on the carrier device 12.

[0026] On its front side, the base mast 22 of the mast 20 has a linear guide 24 along which a traversing element 30 is mounted to be vertically movable by means of an actuating cylinder 26. In the illustrated embodiment, the traversing element 30 is designed as a beam-shaped mast element 32, so that the mast 20 or the mast assembly forms a so-called mast.

[0027] The beam-shaped mast element 32, which is movable along the base mast 22, has a linear slide guide 34 even on its front side. A slide 40 is movably mounted along the slide guide 34 and can accommodate a working tool 44. In the illustrated embodiment, the working tool 44 is designed as a drilling rig with three output shafts.

[0028] At the upper end or head region of the mast element 32, an auxiliary winch beam 70 is rotatably mounted about a vertical axis of rotation via a beam bearing 72. At least one deflection pulley 74 is arranged on the auxiliary winch beam 70, over which an auxiliary rope 76 is provided for special lifting tasks, such as lifting a drill string.

[0029] Below the auxiliary winch beam 70, two GPS receiver units 50 according to the invention are mounted laterally on the upper end region of the mast element 32. The GPS receiver units 50 are designed to receive GPS signals and serve to determine the position in an existing GPS system.

[0030] In the Figures 1 to 3The mast element 32 is extended upwards relative to the base mast 22, so that the two GPS receiver units 50 are in an upper first measurement position. In this upper first measurement position, very good reception of a GPS signal is generally ensured, thus enabling, in particular, the approach to a work point.

[0031] In the Figures 4 to 6 The construction device 10 according to the invention is made from the Figures 1 to 3The diagram shows the following configuration, with the travel element 30, designed as a guide element 32, being moved downwards relative to the base mast 22. Thus, the two GPS receiver units 50 are now located closer to the ground, corresponding to the travel distance on the base mast 22, which can be up to 10 meters or more, and therefore closer to the actual working location of the construction equipment 10. When creating a foundation element, such as a foundation pile, or a borehole, a particularly precise determination of the position of a work point can be carried out in this lower, second measuring position using the GPS receiver units 50. In this retracted position of the mast 20, bearing play and unavoidable deflections of the mast 20, which can occur, for example, due to wind load, are also significantly reduced, contributing to an improvement in position measurement.

[0032] At the same time, according to the Figures 4 to 6The sled 40 with the working device 44 is also moved downwards along the beam-shaped leader element 32 into a position close to the ground.

[0033] An upper end region of the traversing element 30 of the mast arrangement 20, designed as a mast element 32, is shown in an enlarged view in Fig. 7 As shown, at one upper end of the beam-shaped mast element 32, an approximately T-shaped auxiliary winch beam 70 with two lateral outriggers is arranged via a horizontal rotatable beam bearing 72. At one end of an outrigger on the front of the mast element 32, a deflection pulley 74 for an auxiliary rope 76 is rotatably mounted. A load hook 78 for lifting tasks is attached to the free end of the auxiliary rope 76.

[0034] A slide guide 34 for the slide 40 is formed on one front side of the beam-shaped mast element 32. The slide 40 with the in Fig. 7The working device not shown can be moved vertically along the leader element 32 via actuating cylinders or a rope arrangement not shown.

[0035] At the upper end of the mast element 32, below the beam bearing 72 of the auxiliary winch beam 70, two GPS receiver units 50 according to the invention are mounted, each with a rod-shaped antenna holder 54. The two rod-shaped antenna holders 54 extend laterally to the opposite side of the mast element 32.

[0036] At each free end of the antenna holders 54, a receiver element 52 for the GPS signals, including the corresponding electronics, is arranged via a plate-shaped receptacle 60. Due to the antenna holders 54, the receiver elements 52 are spaced apart from the mast element 32 and the auxiliary winch beam 60, thus ensuring good reception of the GPS signals.

[0037] The antenna holders 54 are arranged in a rear area of ​​the mast element 32 in such a way that a collision with the auxiliary rope 76 with the load hook 78 is avoided when the auxiliary winch beam 70 is pivoted by at least 90°.

[0038] A modified GPS receiver unit 50 is in Fig. 8 The rod- or pole-shaped antenna holder 54 has a straight first rod section 58. At the free end of the first rod-shaped section 58, a plate-shaped mounting flange 56 is provided for the detachable attachment of the GPS receiver unit 50 to the traversing element 30.

[0039] A second rod-shaped section 59 of the antenna holder 54 connects to the first rod-shaped section 58 at an obtuse angle. The free end of the second rod-shaped section 59 is bent approximately semicircularly and receives a plate-shaped receptacle 60 in the curved section, to which the actual receiving element for receiving the GPS signals is attached. The antenna holder 54 can be designed as a hollow tube, allowing a power supply and data communication line to be arranged inside the rod-shaped holder.

Claims

1. Construction device, comprising - a carrier device (12) - an approximately vertical mast (20), which is mounted on the carrier device (12), - a movement element (30) that is vertically movable along a linear guide (24) on the mast (20), and - two GPS receiving units (50) arranged in the region of the mast (20) on opposite sides of the movement element (30), characterized in that - the movement element (30) is a beam shaped leader element (32), - in that the leader element (32) comprises a linear slide guide (34) on a front side facing away from the mast (20), - in that a slide (40) is provided, which is mounted vertically movably along the slide guide (34) of the leader element (32), - in that the GPS receiving units (50) are attached in an upper region of the leader element (32), - in that the GPS receiving units (50) can be moved between an upper, first measuring position and a lower, second measuring position by means of the movement element (30), - in that an auxiliary winch beam (70) is provided on an upper end of the leader element (32) above the GPS receiving units (50), - in that the auxiliary winch beam is a leader head with pulleys for an auxiliary cable driven by a winch on the mast (20) or on the carrier device (12), and - that the auxiliary winch beam (70) is mounted on the leader element (32) so as to rotate about a vertical axis of rotation, wherein a rotation angle is limited and matched to an antenna arrangement of the GPS receiving units (50) such that the auxiliary cable hanging vertically downward does not collide with the GPS receiving units (50) or the antenna arrangement.

2. Construction device according to claim 1, characterized in that the GPS receiving units (50) each comprise an antenna holder (54) extending approximately horizontally away from the movement element (30), at the free end of which a receiving element (52) is arranged spaced apart from the movement element (30).

3. Construction device according to claim 2, characterized in that the antenna holder (54) comprises a first rod-shaped portion (58) and a second rod-shaped portion (59), which are arranged angled with an obtuse bend angle relative to one another.

4. Construction device according to any one of claims 1 to 3, characterized in that a working device (44), in particular a drilling drive, a vibration hammer, or a piling unit, is arranged on the carriage (40).

5. Construction device according to any one of claims 1 to 4, characterized in that the construction device (10) is a drilling device, a vibration device, or a piling device.

6. Method for operating a construction device (10) according to any one of claims 1 to 5, wherein, by means of the GPS receiving units (50), a first position measurement is taken in an upper, first measuring position in which the beam shaped leader element (32) is moved into an upper position on the mast (20) and a second position measurement is taken in a lower, second measuring position in which the leader element (32) is moved into a lower position on the mast (20).

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