Projectile, in particular deformation and / or partial fragmentation projectile.

Abstract

The invention relates to a projectile, in particular a deformation and / or partial fragmentation projectile, comprising a substantially cylindrical projectile tail; a nose-side projectile head which adjoins the projectile tail and comprises a substantially central opening that opens into a cavity extending axially from the projectile head in the direction of the projectile tail, preferably into the projectile tail, said cavity having a cavity base and being delimited by a wall; and a tear-off groove which is introduced into the wall and at least partly encircles the cavity and which is arranged at a distance of at least 10% of the longitudinal extension of the cavity from the cavity base and has a radial depth of at least 10% of the caliber diameter and / or at least 30% of the radial wall thickness of the wall surrounding the cavity.

Description

[0001] The invention relates to a projectile, in particular a deformation and / or partial fragmentation projectile according to claim 1.

[0002] It is known to form solid bullets, in particular partially fragmenting bullets, with an unfilled cavity in the ogive region, which has an opening provided at the ogive tip, the diameter of which often amounts to more than 50% of the bullet caliber. It is known to machine several notches into the ogive wall surrounding the cavity using machining processes. These notches, upon impact with a jelly mass used according to known test methods to inspect and assess deformation behavior, cause a mushroom-shaped or sepal-shaped, radially outwardly bent deformation of the wall. An example of such a notched wall of the ogive section of the projectile is known from WO 2015 / 061662 A1. The known bullet head has a very large ogive tip opening through which the jelly mass can enter the cavity to cause the desired deformation mentioned above.However, it was shown that in the case of impact bodies with greater hardness, such as gelatinous masses surrounded by textile fabric, gypsum concrete slabs, etc., the central ogive tip opening is blocked by the material of greater hardness, which is why the gelatinous mass that builds up the hydraulic pressure cannot penetrate into the cavity, which does not result in the desired mushroom-shaped deformation structure.

[0003] EP 2 792 993 A1 discloses a projectile.

[0004] DE 100 42 711 A1 discloses a lead-reduced or lead-free hunting rifle bullet with improved retention force of the core in the jacket.

[0005] US 2016 / 0282095 A1 concerns a multi-stage fragmentation projectile.

[0006] US 2017 / 0322002 A1 concerns a projectile with improved ballistics.

[0007] EP 0 918 208 A1 concerns an expansion projectile.

[0008] US 2012 / 0111220 A1 concerns a lead-free bullet that can be used over a wide velocity range.

[0009] Furthermore, it is known to produce a projectile or projectile head with the help of a so-called intermediate or intermediate product, whereby a

[0010] A cold forming process such as deep drawing is used. It has been shown with known cold-formed projectiles that the deformation behavior of the projectile does not proceed as desired, particularly in standardized test procedures. With all the various punches proposed for deep drawing the intermediate, it has been shown that the conical or pyramidal tools used for this purpose can easily break. The service life of such tools is uneconomically short. It has also been shown with the known deep drawing using a mandrel that stress variations and material hardening occur in the circumferential wall, causing uneven, barely controllable deformation of the impacting projectile.

[0011] It is an object of the invention to overcome the disadvantages of the prior art, in particular to improve a projectile and a method for producing a projectile in such a way that an optimized, simple production is possible and the deformation and / or partial fragmentation behavior is optimized.

[0012] This problem is solved by the features of claim 1.

[0013] According to one aspect of the present invention, a projectile, in particular a deformation and / or partially fragmenting projectile, is provided. Projectiles or projectiles are part of a cartridge or ammunition of a firearm, in particular a handgun. The projectile is the component of the cartridge that is fired from the firearm. A partially fragmenting projectile is generally designed to fragment in a controlled manner into a defined residual body upon impact of the projectile with a target. Deformation projectiles are generally characterized by mass-stable, controlled deformation. A partially fragmenting projectile can also be constructed to fragment and / or partially deform in a controlled manner into a defined residual body upon impact with a target.The controlled deformation of deformable bullets is typically designed so that the deformable bullet expands / unfolds upon impact with a target, while generally remaining mass-stable. Such projectiles or bullets are used primarily as hunting bullets, as they more reliably lead to a faster death of the shot game when fired properly due to the effective energy release through partial fragmentation and / or defined deformation in the game's body.

[0014] The projectile according to the invention comprises a substantially cylindrical projectile tail which is arranged rearward with respect to the projectile's flight direction. The projectile can be substantially completely cylindrical and / or have a constant outer diameter with respect to a projectile's central axis. In particular, the outer diameter of the projectile tail determines the caliber diameter. The projectile also comprises a bow-side projectile head which adjoins the projectile tail and is arranged forward with respect to the projectile's flight direction. The projectile head comprises a front-side opening, i.e. at the front with respect to the projectile's flight direction and thus at the end face of the projectile, which is substantially central and which is oriented, for example, concentrically with respect to the projectile's central axis. The opening can open into a cavity extending axially from the projectile head towards the projectile's tail, preferably into the projectile's tail.The cavity has a cavity base facing the tail of the projectile and is bounded by a wall. For example, the wall completely surrounds the cavity in the circumferential direction. The wall of the projectile head can be essentially ogivoid on the outside.

[0015] According to a first aspect of the invention, a tear-off groove is incorporated into the wall, at least partially encircling the cavity. When the projectile strikes a target, the tear-off groove can assist the projectile head in deforming and / or fragmenting up to an axial position at which the tear-off groove is arranged. Furthermore, it can be provided that the projectile head on the nose side is torn off from the projectile tail when the projectile impacts a target, namely along the tear-off groove. The tear-off groove can, for example, be oriented substantially perpendicular to the projectile's longitudinal axis and can also serve to determine the deformation and / or fragmentation behavior of the deforming and / or partially fragmenting projectile, in particular to limit deformation and / or fragmentation of the projectile.The tear-off groove is arranged at a distance of at least 10%, at least 20%, at least 30%, at least 40%, or approximately 50% of the longitudinal extent of the cavity from the cavity base. A radial depth of the tear-off groove with respect to the projectile's longitudinal axis is at least 10%, preferably at least 15% or at least 20%, of a caliber diameter and / or at least 30%, preferably at least 35%, at least 40%, at least 45%, or at least 50%, of a radial wall thickness of the wall surrounding the cavity. According to the invention, it was discovered that the combination of central cavity and tear-off groove, in particular through the claimed positioning and / or dimensioning of the tear-off groove with respect to the cavity, results in advantageous deformation or partial fragmentation.When the projectile hits a target, a combination of projectile head sections breaking off and unfolding / mushrooming is triggered, resulting in increased energy transfer to the game, partly through an increase in cross-section due to the mushrooming / unfolding deformation and partly through the increased destructive power of the fragmented projectile fragments. Metals, particularly hard metals such as copper and copper alloys, such as tombac, are suitable materials for the projectile. For example, the break-off groove is designed to completely encircle the cavity.

[0016] According to an exemplary embodiment of the projectile according to the invention, a preferably completely circumferential chamfer is formed at the transition between the projectile tail and the projectile head, at which chamfer the diameter of the projectile, viewed with respect to the projectile's central axis, continuously decreases. The caliber diameter of the projectile can, for example, be determined by the diameter in the area of ​​the projectile tail. Due to the geometric separation between the projectile tail and the projectile head by means of the chamfer, it can be ensured that the projectile only comes into contact with the barrel of a weapon in the area of ​​the projectile tail, while the outer wall surface in the area of ​​the projectile head remains free of frictional contact with the barrel of the weapon when the projectile is fired, thus simultaneously resulting in a functional separation between the projectile tail and the projectile head.

[0017] According to a further exemplary embodiment of the present invention, the cavity extends by at least 30%, preferably at least 40%, at least 50%, or at least 60%, of the longitudinal extent of the projectile. It has been discovered that the claimed cavity axial lengths have a beneficial effect on the deformation or partial fragmentation behavior of the projectile, namely in that the length of the mushrooming / unfolding projectile sections upon impact of the projectile with a target can be determined / adjusted via the length of the cavity.

[0018] In a further exemplary embodiment of the projectile according to the invention, the cavity expands continuously, essentially starting from the opening. At the front of the projectile, the cavity can briefly have a funnel-shaped and / or frustoconical cross-section before the opening continuously expands. In particular, the cavity expands continuously up to an axial position of the tear-off groove. For example, it can be provided that the cavity tapers continuously again from the axial position of the tear-off groove until the cavity finally merges into the cavity base. According to an exemplary development, the cavity is essentially drop-shaped. For example, the cavity base can be concavely curved.

[0019] In an exemplary embodiment of the projectile according to the invention, the tear-off groove is essentially U- or V-shaped. For example, the tear-off groove can be produced by a turning or milling process and / or incorporated into the wall.

[0020] According to an exemplary development of the projectile according to the invention, the break-off groove comprises a projectile head-side flank, a projectile tail-side flank, and a groove base connecting the projectile head-side flank and the projectile tail-side flank. In an exemplary embodiment, the projectile head-side and / or the projectile tail-side flank is curved and / or the groove base is formed by a radius and / or a transition between the projectile head-side flank and / or the projectile tail-side flank and the groove base is formed by a radius.

[0021] In a further exemplary embodiment, the tear-off groove comprises a projectile head-side flank, a projectile tail-side flank, and a groove base connecting the projectile head-side flank and the projectile tail-side flank. The projectile head-side and / or the projectile tail-side flank can, for example, extend in a straight line toward the groove base, and / or the groove base can be formed by a base surface oriented substantially parallel to the projectile center axis, and / or a transition between the projectile head-side flank and / or the projectile tail-side flank and the groove base can be formed by an edge, preferably at which the respective flank abruptly transitions into the groove base.

[0022] According to a further exemplary embodiment of the projectile according to the invention, an opening angle between the projectile head-side flank and the projectile tail-side flank, starting from the groove base, is in the range of 10° - 90°, preferably in the range of 20° - 80°, 30° - 70°, or 40° - 60°. The opening angle can ensure that a sharp break-off groove is provided, in particular to ensure the preferred deformation or partial fragmentation of the projectile and / or to ensure a controlled break-off of the tail-side projectile section relative to the break-off groove from the front-side projectile sections.

[0023] In a further exemplary embodiment of the projectile according to the invention, the break-off groove is divided into groove segments arranged at a distance from one another at least in the circumferential direction and / or in the axial direction with respect to the projectile center axis. For example, two groove segments arranged at a distance from one another in the axial direction and in the circumferential direction with respect to the projectile center axis can overlap in the radial direction. According to an exemplary development, at least three separate groove segments are evenly distributed in the circumferential direction with respect to the projectile center axis and / or two adjacent groove segments are connected to one another by a wall web. The wall web can be formed by the ogivoid-shaped wall.

[0024] According to a further aspect of the present invention, which can be combined with the preceding aspects and exemplary embodiments, a projectile, in particular a deformation and / or partial fragmentation projectile, is provided. Projectiles are part of a cartridge or ammunition of a firearm, in particular a handgun. The projectile is the component of the cartridge that is fired from the firearm. A partial fragmentation projectile is generally designed to fragment in a controlled manner into a defined residual body upon impact of the projectile with a target.

[0025] Deformable bullets generally exhibit mass-stable, controlled deformation. A partially fragmenting bullet can also be designed to fragment into a defined residual body upon impact with a target and / or to partially deform in a controlled manner. The controlled deformation of deformable bullets is generally designed so that the deformable bullet mushrooms / unfolds upon impact with a target, while generally remaining mass-stable. Such projectiles or bullets are used primarily as hunting bullets, as they more reliably lead to a faster death of the shot game when fired correctly due to the effective energy release through partial fragmentation and / or defined deformation in the game's body.

[0026] The projectile according to the invention comprises a substantially cylindrical projectile tail, which is arranged rearward with respect to the projectile's flight direction. The projectile can be substantially completely cylindrical and / or have a constant outer diameter with respect to a projectile's central axis. In particular, the outer diameter of the projectile tail determines the caliber diameter. The projectile further comprises a substantially ogivoid projectile head on the bow side, which adjoins the projectile tail and is arranged forward with respect to the projectile's flight direction. The projectile head comprises a front-side opening, i.e., on the front side with respect to the projectile's flight direction and thus on the end face of the projectile, which is substantially central and is oriented, for example, concentrically with respect to the projectile's central axis.The opening can open into a cavity extending axially from the projectile head toward the projectile tail, preferably into the projectile tail, along the projectile's central axis. The cavity has a cavity base facing toward the projectile tail and is bounded by a wall. For example, the wall completely surrounds the cavity in the circumferential direction. The wall of the projectile head can be essentially ogivoid on the outside.

[0027] According to a further aspect of the present invention, the projectile head-side wall comprises at least one flattened outer surface section that deviates from an ogivoid shape. "Flattened" can be understood in relation to a curvature of the ogivoid-shaped wall sections with respect to the projectile center axis. The outer surface section has a radial curvature with respect to the projectile center axis that is at least twice as great as a radial curvature with respect to the projectile center axis of an adjacent ogivoid section and / or the projectile tail. For example, the at least one surface section can be convexly curved and / or connected to an adjacent ogivoid section by means of a preferably substantially ogivoid transition edge oriented substantially in the longitudinal direction of the projectile.

[0028] According to an exemplary embodiment of the projectile according to the invention, the at least one outer surface section is produced by a machining or forming process. For example, a pressing process can be used.

[0029] In a further exemplary embodiment of a projectile according to the invention, the at least one outer surface section has an axial length in the projectile longitudinal direction of at least 30%, preferably at least 40%, at least 50%, or at least 60%, of an axial length of the substantially ogivoid projectile head. For example, the at least one outer surface section can extend, at least in axial sections, in the circumferential direction relative to the projectile center axis by at least 45% and preferably at most 120%. The flattened outer surface sections can be formed such that a radial distance of the outer surface section from the projectile center axis is smaller than a radial distance of an adjacent ogivoid section at the same axial height relative to the projectile center axis.

[0030] According to an exemplary development of the projectile according to the invention, at least two, preferably at least three or at least four, in particular identically shaped outer surface sections are formed on the projectile head-side wall. It can be provided that the at least two outer surface sections are separated at least axially by an ogivoid section and / or merge into one another in axial sections such that an ogivoid transition edge is formed. The transition edge can, for example, be oriented substantially in the longitudinal direction of the projectile, wherein an angle exists with respect to the projectile center axis due to the substantially ogivoid shape of the projectile head.

[0031] According to an exemplary development of the present invention, a tear-off groove is introduced into the projectile head-side wall and runs at least partially, preferably completely, around the cavity. The tear-off groove can be formed, for example, according to one of the exemplary embodiments described above with respect to the first aspect of the present invention.

[0032] According to a further exemplary embodiment, the at least one outer surface section opens directly into the tear-off groove, in particular into a projectile-head-side tear-off groove flank that extends from the wall toward a tear-off groove base. In a further exemplary embodiment of the projectile according to the invention, the at least one outer surface section merges into an outer wall contour that completely surrounds the opening in such a way that a distance between the outer wall contour and the projectile center axis varies along the course of the outer wall contour.

[0033] In a further exemplary embodiment of the present invention, the at least one outer surface section is formed substantially flat. In a plan view of the projectile, the projectile has a polygonal (triangular, quadrangular, etc.) structure on the projectile head side. For example, it may be provided that the respective corners at which adjacent sections, in particular outer surface sections or ogivoid sections, merge into one another may be rounded, while the corresponding wall outer contour sections on the outer surface sections are flat.

[0034] In a further exemplary embodiment of the present invention, the projectile head-side wall is slotted on the inside, i.e., it has at least one, preferably at least two, at least three, or at least four, axial slots. For example, it is provided that the at least one axial slot extends from the central opening toward the projectile tail, preferably by at least 20%, preferably at least 30%, at least 40%, or at least 50% of an axial length of the cavity. According to the invention, it has been discovered that the internal slitting in the cavity of the projectile has an advantageous effect on the desired deformation or partial fragmentation.In particular, the axial slots enhance the mushrooming deformation behavior in that adjacent projectile head wall sections separate from each other along an axial slot and can thus mushroom / fold more easily and, furthermore, the number of projectile fragments that break off / partially disintegrate is increased.

[0035] In a further exemplary embodiment of the present invention, a number of axial slots is matched to a number of outer surface sections; in particular, the number of axial slots corresponds to the number of outer surface sections. Alternatively or additionally, a circumferential position of the at least one axial slot relative to the projectile center axis is matched to a circumferential position of the at least one outer surface section relative to the projectile center axis such that the at least one axial slot is provided in the region of an ogivoid section, in particular in the region of the ogivoid transition edge of two adjacent outer surface sections.

[0036] Preferred embodiments are given in the subclaims.

[0037] In the following, further properties, features and advantages of the invention will become clear by describing preferred embodiments of the invention with reference to the accompanying exemplary drawings, in which: Figure 1 is a perspective view of an exemplary embodiment of a projectile according to the invention; Figure 2 is a side view of the projectile according to Figure 1 , Figure 3 a plan view of the projectile according to the Figures 1, 2 ; Figure 4 a sectional view of the projectile after Figures 1 -3 according to line IV in Figure 3; Figure 5 shows a schematic detailed view of an exemplary embodiment of a tear-off groove of a projectile according to the invention; Figure 6 shows a schematic detailed view of an exemplary embodiment of a tear-off groove of a projectile according to the invention; Figure 7 shows a schematic detailed view of an exemplary embodiment of a tear-off groove of a projectile according to the invention; Figure 8 shows a schematic detailed view of an exemplary embodiment of a tear-off groove of a projectile according to the invention; Figure 9 shows a schematic detailed view of an exemplary embodiment of a tear-off groove of a projectile according to the invention; Figure 10 shows a schematic detailed view of an exemplary embodiment of a tear-off groove of a projectile according to the invention; Figure 11 shows a schematic detailed view of an exemplary embodiment of a tear-off groove of a projectile according to the invention;Figure 12 shows a schematic detailed view of an exemplary embodiment of a tear-off groove of a projectile according to the invention; Figure 13 shows a detailed view XIII according to; Figure 4 ; Figure 14 a detailed view XIV according to Figure 4 ; Figure 15 a perspective view of another exemplary embodiment of a projectile according to the invention; Figure 16 a side view of the projectile according to Figure 15 ; Figure 17 a plan view of the projectile according to the Figures 15 and 16 ; Figure 18 a sectional view of the projectile of the Figures 15 to 17 ; Figure 19 another side view of the projectile according to the Figures 15 to 18 ; Fig. 20a to 20h are schematic detail views from the front of exemplary embodiments of notches of projectiles according to the invention; and Fig. 21a to 21h are schematic detail views of the notches according to Fig. 20a to 20h .

[0038] In the following description of exemplary embodiments of projectiles according to the invention, a projectile according to the invention is generally provided with the reference number 1. The same or similar reference numerals are used for the same or similar components. For the sake of simplicity, the following description of the figures refers exclusively to a projectile 1, it being clear that the statements apply equally to deformation and / or partial fragmentation projectiles 1 according to the invention. Figures 1 - 14The projectiles shown are made from a single piece, for example by means of a forming process, although it is clear that other manufacturing processes, such as machining processes, can be used to generate specific details of the projectiles 1 according to the invention. The projectiles 1 can be made from a homogeneous metal material, such as copper, copper alloy, brass, lead, etc. Preferably, the projectile 1 is made from a lead-free material. A projectile blank (not shown) can be produced from a cut-off blank, which can in particular be formed from a cut-off ductile metal material. The projectile blank is cold-formed, for example, by pressing, in particular deep drawing, and in particular using a punch-die arrangement.

[0039] Referring to the Figures 1 - 3An exemplary embodiment of a projectile 1 according to the invention, in particular a deformation and / or partial fragmentation projectile 1 according to the invention, is explained. With regard to the Figures 5 - 14 Specific components of projectile 1 of the Figures 1 - 4 described in more detail.

[0040] The perspective view in Figure 1 The projectile 1 according to the invention shown comprises a substantially cylindrical projectile tail 3 and a substantially ogivoid projectile head 5 adjoining it on the bow side. At the transition between the projectile tail 3 and the projectile head 5, a preferably completely circumferential bevel 7 is formed, at which a diameter of the projectile 1, viewed with respect to the projectile center axis, which is indicated schematically by means of the line with the reference number M, continuously decreases (see Figure 13). It is the projectile tail whose outer diameter determines the caliber diameter of the projectile 1. In this respect, it is also the projectile tail 3, in particular its outer casing 9, that is in contact with a barrel of a weapon and guides the projectile 1 in the barrel when the projectile 1 is fired by the firearm.

[0041] In Figure 1 It has already been indicated that a tear-off groove 13 is formed on an outer side of a wall 11 forming the projectile head 5, which according to the exemplary embodiment completely encircles the projectile center axis M. The tear-off groove 13 will be referred to in the description of the Figures 2 , 4 - 12 referred to in more detail.

[0042] Furthermore, Figure 1 It can be seen that the projectile head-side wall 11 has at least one (in Figure 1four, of which only three are visible) has a flattened outer surface section 15 that deviates from an ogivoid shape. Two adjacent outer surface sections 15, which are manufactured, for example, by a machining and / or forming manufacturing process, preferably by means of a pressing process, are separated from one another axially in sections by an ogivoid transition edge 17. Furthermore, two adjacent outer surface sections 15 are each separated from one another axially in sections by an ogivoid section 19. Both the ogivoid sections 19 and the outer surface sections 15 each open directly into the tear-off groove 13.

[0043] On a front side 21 of the projectile 1 pointing in the direction of projectile flight, a substantially central opening 23 is introduced into the projectile 1, which opens into a cavity 25 ( Figure 4 ) flows into.

[0044] Referring to Figure 2It can be seen that the projectile 1 has a substantially flat projectile base 27, which merges into the substantially cylindrical tail casing 9 through a chamfered section 29 formed circumferentially on the projectile tail 3. In Figure 2 It is further evident that the break-off groove 13 is essentially realized as a material recess, such as a groove, which completely encircles the projectile center axis M. It can also be seen that the break-off groove 13 is essentially U-shaped, with a projectile head-side flank 31 extending from an ogivoid, front-side wall 11 to a groove base 33 which is essentially oriented in the projectile's longitudinal direction and / or is essentially flat. The groove base 33, in turn, opens into a projectile tail-side flank 35 which, starting from the groove base 33, extends radially outward to an ogivoid, tail-side wall 11 and merges into it.

[0045] In Figure 2 The shape of the flattened outer surface sections 15 is also visible, which extend in the projectile longitudinal direction by at least 30%, preferably at least 40%, at least 50% or at least 60% of an axial length of the substantially ogivoid projectile head 5. Furthermore, the outer surface sections 15 are formed at least axially in sections in the circumferential direction with respect to the projectile center axis M by at least 45°, in Figure 2 90°, at which axial position two adjacent outer surface sections 15 are separated from each other by an ogivoid transition edge 17. The ogivoid transition edges 17 merge in the axial direction at the rear and optionally at the front into an ogivoid section 19 each, which separates two adjacent outer surface sections 15 from each other in axial sections and also opens directly into the tear-off groove 13, in particular into the projectile head-side flank 31. In the side view ( Figure 2) the ogivoid sections 19 have a substantially triangular structure, wherein one short side ends at the rear in the projectile head side flank 31 and the two opposite long sides are located at the transition to an outer surface section 15. The outer surface sections 15 are substantially flat, thus not ogivoid shaped, like the adjacent ogivoid sections 19. Each two adjacent outer surface sections 15 are inclined towards each other, wherein the angle of inclination between two adjacent outer surface sections 15 according to the Figures 1 - 4 for example in the range from 80° to 110°, preferably about 90°.

[0046] In plan view according to Figure 3 In particular, an outer wall contour 37 can be seen that completely surrounds the central opening 23. The outer wall contour 37 is formed on the end face 21 of the projectile 1 and forms an axial end of a corresponding outer surface section 15. In Figure 3 It can be seen that a distance of the wall outer contour 37 to the projectile center axis M varies in the course of the wall outer contour 37. In the plan view, as shown in Figure 3 As can be seen, the outer wall contour 37 forms a polygonal structure consisting of two pairs of opposing, essentially straight-line extending contour sections 39, which are present in the region of the outer surface sections 15, and two pairs of opposing curved sections 41, which are arranged in the region of ogivoid sections 19 of the projectile head 3. Furthermore, in Figure 3 a slit 43 introduced into the cavity 25 is indicated, which essentially extends from the central opening 23 in the direction of the projectile tail 3 and is introduced into an inner wall surface 45 of the cavity 25.

[0047] In Figure 4 is a sectional view of the projectile 1 according to the Figures 1 - 3 along the line IV-IV in Figure 3to see. With reference to Figure 4 In particular, the cavity 25 is described. The cavity 25 extends from the central opening 23 towards the projectile tail 3 and, as exemplified in Figure 4is shown, in axial sections into the projectile tail 3. An axial length of the cavity 25 is at least 30%, preferably at least 40%, at least 50% or at least 60%, of a longitudinal extent of the projectile 1. Immediately adjacent to the central opening 23, the cavity 25 has a funnel section 47, at which an inner diameter of the cavity 25 continuously decreases. Following this, the cavity 25 essentially widens continuously, namely up to an axial position of the tear-off groove 13. From the axial position of the tear-off groove 13, the cavity 25 tapers until it ends in a cavity base 49. The cavity 25 can essentially have a teardrop shape.In order to achieve the controlled and defined deformation and / or partial fragmentation according to the invention, it is provided that the tear-off groove 13 is arranged at an axial distance of at least 10% of the longitudinal extent of the cavity 25 from the cavity base 49. Furthermore, a radial depth of the tear-off groove 13 can be at least 10% of a caliber diameter, in particular an outer diameter of the projectile tail wall 9, and / or at least 30% of a radial wall thickness of the wall 11 surrounding the cavity 25.

[0048] Taking into account the Figures 3 and 4The slit 43 is formed by four axial slots 51, which are preferably evenly distributed in the circumferential direction relative to the projectile center axis M and extend from the central opening 23 towards the projectile tail 3. An exemplary axial length a of the axial slots 51 is at least 20%, preferably at least 30%, at least 40% or at least 50% of an axial length of the cavity 25. Furthermore, it can be seen that a number of the axial slots 51 is adapted to a number of the outer surface sections 15, in particular is identical thereto. Furthermore, a circumferential position of the axial slot 51 is coordinated with a circumferential position of the outer surface sections 15 such that the axial slots 51 are positioned in the region of the ogive sections 19. For example, a slot base 53 of an axial slot 51 points towards the transition edge 17 or ogivoid section 19. In plan view ( Figure 3) the slit 43 can be shaped as an intersection. In Figure 4 It can be seen that the cavity 25 has an axial slot-free area 55 in which no axial slot 51 is provided.

[0049] With reference to the Figures 5 - 12 exemplary structures of tear-off grooves 13 are explained. In the Figures 5 - 12 a radial depth r of the tear-off groove is indicated by the reference symbol r, wherein a radial depth r is measured from the wall outer side 11 to the groove base 33. The groove base 33 is according to the embodiments of the Figures 5 - 8 realized as radius R, while the groove base 33 according to the Figures 9 - 12 as a substantially flat base extending parallel to the projectile center axis. The designs of the Figures 5 - 8differ from each other essentially by the radial depth r of the tear-off groove 13 and by the opening angle that occurs between the two opposite flanks 31, 35 forming the tear-off groove 13. Furthermore, an axial height b of the tear-off groove 13 can also vary, as can be seen from the Figures 5 - 8 is evident.

[0050] In the Figures 9 - 12 Differences in the tear-off groove 13 can be seen in terms of opening angle as well as axial height b and / or radial depth r. The axial dimensioning of the recess base 33 can also vary. In the exemplary embodiments of the Figures 5 - 12 the projectile tail-side flank 35 and the projectile head-side flank 31 are each formed by substantially flat surfaces, wherein it is also conceivable that the flanks 31, 35 are curved, in particular have a radius and / or merge into the recess base 33 via a radius.

[0051] Figure 13shows the detailed view XIII according to Figure 4 in the area of ​​the circumferential chamfer 7. The chamfer 7 can, for example, be oriented by less than 10° with respect to the adjoining projectile head-side wall 11 and have an axial length of less than 1 mm.

[0052] In Figure 14 is a detailed view XIV according to Figure 4 It can be seen that a radius 57, 59 is provided at the respective transition of the chamfered section 29 into the projectile tail jacket 9 or the projectile base 27.

[0053] The Figures 15 to 21h show a further exemplary embodiment of a projectile 1 according to the invention. In the following description, identical or similar components are provided with identical or similar reference numerals. To avoid repetition, the following essentially focuses exclusively on the differences arising from the preceding explanations.

[0054] In general, the tear-off groove 13 according to the alternative exemplary embodiment only partially encircles the cavity 25. For example, the tear-off groove 13 is segmented in the circumferential direction. In other words, the tear-off groove 13 has at least two tear-off groove sections, such as notches or recesses or notches 61, distributed in the circumferential direction and arranged at a distance from one another as viewed in the circumferential direction. The tear-off groove 13 can have a plurality of tear-off groove sections, in particular notches or recesses or notches 61, distributed in the circumferential direction, which can be located at the same axial height with respect to a projectile's longitudinal axis.

[0055] The notches 61 can be introduced into the projectile wall from the outside by means of a cold forming process, such as pressing, and support a radial bending or folding out of the ogive section 19.

[0056] As can be seen particularly from a summary of the perspective view according to Figure 15 and the top view according to Figure 17 As can be seen from the projectile 1 according to the invention, the tear-off groove 13 has a total of four notches 61 evenly distributed in the circumferential direction. From the side view according to Figure 16 and the sectional view according to Figure 18 It is further apparent that the notches 61 are arranged at substantially the same axial height with respect to the longitudinal axis of the projectile.

[0057] With regard to the sectional view according to Figure 18Furthermore, a manufacturing-specific feature becomes apparent. When producing the notches 61 of the tear-off groove 13 by means of cold forming, in particular pressing, a constriction 63 of the cavity 25 located at the same axial height as the notches 61 can result. Due to the pressing process from the outside, projectile material is pressed radially inward with respect to the notches 61, whereby the particularly drop-like cavity shape according to the design of the Figures 1 to 4 in such a way that the cavity 25 narrows at the axial height of the notches 61.

[0058] The Figures 20a to 21h show exemplary designs of notches 61 in detail. Figures 20a to 20h the notches 61 from the front and the Figures 21a to 21h in the side or section view. Furthermore, the numbering is to be understood in such a way that the lowercase letter after the figure numbering a, b stands for a variant, so that, for example, the Figures 20a and 21ashow the same notch shape 61, once from the side and once from the front. The same applies to the Figures 20b or 21b to 20h or 21h. The embodiment variant a is hexagonal in plan view and essentially triangular in the side sectional view. The embodiment variant b is oval in plan view and trapezoidal in side view. The embodiment variant c is triangular in plan view with rounded corners and essentially angular in side view. The embodiment d shows a diamond-shaped notch 61 in plan view, which is essentially constant in the radial direction, i.e. has a constant cross-section. The embodiment e corresponds essentially to the embodiment a, wherein the notch 61 of the embodiment e, viewed in the radial direction, has a constant cross-section, while the notch 61 of the embodiment e, as shown in the Figures 20aand particularly 21a, is tapered in cross-section. The same applies to embodiment f. This is essentially analogous to embodiment b, but has a constant cross-section in the radial direction. Embodiment g is elongated rectangular with rounded corners and has a constant cross-section. Embodiment h shows a notch 61 that is round in plan view and has a constant cross-section, resulting in a cylindrical notch 61.

[0059] The features disclosed in the above description, the figures and the claims may be important both individually and in any combination for the realization of the invention in the various embodiments. List of reference symbols

[0060] 1Projectile 3Projectile tail 5Projectile head 7Bevel 9Projectile tail wall 11Projectile head wall 13Tear-off groove 15Outer surface section 17Transition edge 19Ogivoid section 21End face 23Central opening 25Cavity 27Projectile base 29Bevel section 31Projectile head flank 33Groove base 35Projectile tail flank 37Outer wall contour 39Straight outer wall contour section 41Curved outer wall contour section 43Slot 45Cavity inner surface 47Funnel section 49Cavity base 51Axial slot 53Slot base 55Axial slot-free area 57, 59Radius 61Notch 63Constriction MProjectile center axis RRadius aAxial length of an axial slot rradial depth baxial height

Claims

1. Projectile (1), in particular deformation and / or partial fragmentation projectile, comprising a substantially cylindrical projectile tail (3), an adjoining projectile head (5) on the front side with a substantially central opening (23) which opens into a cavity (25) which extends axially from the projectile head (5) in the direction of the projectile tail (3), preferably into the projectile tail (3), which has a cavity base (49) and is delimited by a wall, and a tear-off groove (13) which is introduced into the wall and runs at least partially around the cavity (25), characterized in that the tear-off groove (13) is arranged at a distance of at least 10% of the longitudinal extent of the cavity from the cavity base (49) and has a radial depth of at least 10% of a caliber diameter and / or of at least 30% of a radial wall thickness of the wall surrounding the cavity (25).

2. Projectile (1) according to claim 1, wherein a preferably completely circumferential chamfer (7) is formed at the transition between the projectile tail (3) and the projectile head (5), at which chamfer a diameter of the projectile (1), as viewed with respect to the projectile center axis (M), decreases continuously.

3. Projectile (1) according to any one of the preceding claims, wherein the cavity (25) extends by at least 30%, preferably at least 40%, at least 50% or at least 60%, of a longitudinal extent of the projectile (1).

4. Projectile (1) according to any one of the preceding claims, wherein the cavity (25) widens continuously substantially starting from the opening (23), in particular as far as an axial position of the tear-off groove (13), preferably at which the cavity (25) tapers continuously, and / or wherein the cavity (25) substantially has a drop shape.

5. Projectile (1) according to any one of the preceding claims, wherein the tear-off groove (13) is formed substantially in a U or V shape, wherein in particular the tear-off groove (13) has a projectile-head-side flank (31), a projectile-tail-side flank (35) and a groove base (33) connecting the projectile-head-side flank (31) and the projectile-tail-side flank (35) to one another, wherein the projectile-head-side and / or the projectile-tail-side flank (35) is curved and / or wherein the groove base (33) is formed by a radius and / or wherein a transition between projectile-head-side flank and / or projectile-tail-side flank and groove base (33) is formed by a radius.

6. Projectile (1) according to claim 5, wherein the tear-off groove (13) has a projectile-head-side flank (31), a projectile-tail-side flank (35) and a groove base (33) connecting the projectile-head-side flank (31) and the projectile-tail-side flank (35) to one another, wherein the projectile-head-side and / or the projectile-tail-side flank (35) extends in a straight line in the direction of the groove base and / or wherein the groove base (33) is formed by a base surface oriented substantially parallel to the projectile center axis (M) and / or wherein a transition between projectile-head-side flank and / or projectile-tail-side flank and groove base (33) is formed by an edge.

7. Projectile (1) according to claim 5 or 6, wherein an opening angle between projectile-head-side flank and projectile-tail-side flank, starting from the groove base (33), lies in the range of 10° to 90°.

8. Projectile (1) according to any one of the preceding claims, wherein the tear-off groove (13) is divided into at least two groove segments arranged at a distance from one another in the circumferential direction and / or in the axial direction with respect to the projectile center axis (M), wherein in particular at least three separate groove segments are distributed uniformly in the circumferential direction with respect to the projectile center axis (M) and / or wherein in each case two adjacent groove segments are connected to one another by a wall web.

9. Projectile (1), in particular deformation and / or partial fragmentation projectile, in particular according to one of the preceding claims, comprising a substantially cylindrical projectile tail (3) and an adjoining substantially ogivoid projectile head (5) on the front side with a substantially central opening (23) which opens into a cavity (25) which extends axially from the projectile head (5) in the direction of the projectile tail (3), preferably into the projectile tail (3), along a projectile center axis (M), which cavity is delimited by a wall, wherein the projectile-head-side wall has at least one flattened outer surface portion (15) which deviates from an ogivoid shape and the radial curvature of which with respect to the projectile center axis (M) is at least twice as large as a radial curvature with respect to the projectile center axis (M) of an adjacent ogivoid portion (19) and / or of the projectile tail (3).

10. Projectile (1) according to claim 9, wherein the at least one outer surface portion (15) is produced by a machining or forming production method, preferably by means of a pressing method, and / or wherein the at least one outer surface portion (15) has an axial length in the projectile longitudinal direction of at least 30%, preferably at least 40%, at least 50% or at least 60%, of an axial length of the substantially ogivoid projectile head (5) and / or extends at least axially in sections in the circumferential direction with respect to the projectile center axis (M) by at least 45° and preferably at most 120°.

11. Projectile (1) according to any one of claims 9 to 10, wherein at least 2, preferably at least 3 or at least 4, in particular identically shaped outer surface portions (15) are formed on the projectile-head-side wall, which are separated at least axially in sections from an ogivoid portion (19) and / or merge into one another axially in sections in such a way that an ogivoid transition edge is formed.

12. Projectile (1) according to any one of claims 9 to 11, wherein a tear-off groove (13) introduced into the wall runs at least partially around the cavity (25), wherein in particular the at least one outer surface portion (15) opens directly into the tear-off groove (13).

13. Projectile (1) according to any one of claims 9 to 12, wherein the at least one outer surface portion (15) merges into a wall outer contour (39) running completely around the opening (23) in such a way that a distance of the wall outer contour (39) from the projectile center axis (M) varies in the course of the wall outer contour (39).

14. Projectile (1) according to any one of claims 9 to 13, wherein the at least one outer surface portion (15) is formed substantially flat.

15. Projectile (1) according to any one of the preceding claims, wherein the projectile-head-side wall has on the inside at least one, preferably at least two, at least three or at least four, axial slot(s) (51) which extends from the central opening (23) in the direction of the projectile tail (3), preferably by at least 20%, preferably at least 30%, at least 40% or at least 50%, of an axial length of the cavity, wherein in particular a number of the axial slots (51) is matched to a number of the outer surface portions (15) and / or wherein a circumferential position with respect to the projectile center axis (M) of the at least one axial slot (51) is matched to a circumferential position of the at least one outer surface portion in such a way that the at least one axial slot (51) is provided in the region of an ogivoid portion (19).

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