Tractor-mounted agricultural machine

Abstract

The invention relates to a tractor-mounted agricultural machine (10) for placing granular material on an agricultural land, comprising a number of juxtaposed, individually depth-guided coulters (28, 28a, 28b) each of which is designed to produce and / or form in the soil (B) of the agricultural land a deposit furrow extending in the direction of travel (F) for granular material, and a number of deposit elements (30, 30a, 30b) each of which is designed to deposit granular material in the deposit furrows produced and / or formed by the coulters (28, 28a, 28b).

Description

[0001] Agricultural cultivation machine

[0002] Description

[0003] The invention relates to an agricultural attachment according to the preamble of patent claim 1.

[0004] Agricultural implements used to spread granular material on agricultural land often have several tine shares arranged side by side, which serve to create and / or form furrows extending in the direction of travel. The granular material is then deposited into the furrows created and / or formed by the tine shares via the placement devices of the agricultural implement.

[0005] In practice, it has been shown that the quality of the furrows created and / or formed by the tine shares depends significantly on the current soil properties and the type and amount of residual vegetation on and in the soil. Unshredded organic matter, in particular, can significantly impair furrow creation and formation and / or clog the machine.

[0006] The object underlying the invention is therefore to improve the furrow creation and / or formation when using cultivators having tine shares.

[0007] The object is achieved by an agricultural attachment of the type mentioned at the outset, wherein the agricultural attachment according to the invention comprises one or more leading soil cultivation tools which are arranged in front of the tine shares in the direction of travel and are designed to prepare the soil for the creation and / or formation of placement furrows by the tine shares.

[0008] By preparing the soil using the leading tillage tools, the quality of the furrows created and / or formed by the tine shares can be significantly improved. This means that implements equipped with tine shares can also be used on soils containing a large amount of residual organic matter, such as straw.

[0009] The mounted machine can be a seed drill. The mounted machine can be a trailed or mounted machine.

[0010] The tine coulters are particularly suitable for direct sowing, meaning the mounted machine can also be used as a seed drill. Direct sowing eliminates the need for additional work steps for laborious soil preparation. The mounted machine can be front-mounted and / or rear-mounted. The mounted machine can therefore consist of one or two attachments, for example.

[0011] A coulter pressure adjustment device for adjusting the coulter pressure can be arranged on the support structures that carry the tine shares. The respective coulter pressure adjustment devices can, for example, enable the coulter pressure to be adjusted individually or in groups. For example, the agricultural implement has a first group of tine shares arranged next to one another transversely to the direction of travel, with a second group of tine shares arranged next to one another transversely to the direction of travel being offset from the first group of tine shares in the direction of travel. One or more coulter pressure adjustment devices can be assigned to the front group of tine shares. One or more coulter pressure adjustment devices can be assigned to the rear group of tine shares. The coulter pressure adjustment devices can operate hydraulically, pneumatically, mechanically, or electrically.

[0012] It can be provided that an individual coulter pressure is applied to one, several or all of the shares. In particular, it can be provided that the shares are applied to groups with individual coulter pressure. Groups with individual coulter pressure can correspond to partial widths of the mounted machine and / or the above-mentioned front or rear group. If the front or rear group is subjected to an individual coulter pressure, different articulation of the shares in the front or rear group can be advantageously compensated for. The tine shares of the agricultural mounted machine preferably have a furrow opening edge on the front that forms an obtuse angle with the direction of travel vector for opening and / or forming the placement furrow. To create and / or shape the placement furrow, tine shares that work on a grip are therefore preferably used.

[0013] Such tine coulters engage the soil itself. This reduces the coulter pressure required to penetrate the soil and improves the clearance of the resulting furrow. The penetration depth of the tine coulters is limited by a depth control roller, which acts as a counterbearing to the tine coulters. The depth control roller can also press the seed and / or soil down.

[0014] The deposition devices may comprise deposition lines, in particular seed deposition lines, and / or deposition channels, in particular seed deposition channels, and / or discharge tubes. The deposition devices preferably have a deposition opening through which the material is discharged in the direction of the deposition furrow.

[0015] In a preferred embodiment of the agricultural attachment according to the invention, one or more leading soil cultivation tools are designed as cutting discs which are configured to slit the soil of the agricultural land, in particular parallel to the direction of travel. Preferably, each tine share or each group of tine shares is assigned at least one cutting disc. Preferably, the cutting disc assigned to a tine share runs at least approximately in line with the tine share. If there are multiple rows of tine shares, at least one cutting disc can be assigned to only the tine shares of one row or to the tine shares of several rows. Preferably, even if there are multiple rows of tine shares, each tine share is assigned a cutting disc which runs at least approximately in line with the respective tine share.The one or more leading soil tillage tools can also be double arrangements of two cutting discs, so that, for example, two cutting discs share one suspension. The leading cutting discs reduce the amount of soil that splashes up. This allows for higher driving speeds, significantly accelerating the tillage process, such as seeding. Furthermore, plant residues are cut through by the cutting discs, significantly reducing the risk of clogging during furrow creation and / or furrow formation. Furthermore, the reduced earth movement makes more soil available for furrow formation, thus improving the furrow formation.

[0016] Furthermore, an agricultural attachment is advantageous in which one or more leading soil cultivation tools are designed as soil cultivation rollers. The attachment can comprise one or more soil cultivation rollers. The soil cultivation rollers can be arranged laterally offset from one another and / or coaxially with one another. Alternatively or additionally, soil cultivation rollers can be arranged longitudinally spaced from one another. The soil cultivation rollers extend across the entire (working) width of the attachment to ensure full-surface cultivation.

[0017] The agricultural implement according to the invention is further advantageously developed in that the one or more soil tillage rollers are configured to press down plants located on the soil of the agricultural land. The one or more soil tillage rollers preferably push upright plants forward in a controlled manner and simultaneously bend them. The tine shares can then be guided through a plant stand lying down, particularly in the direction of travel, thereby supporting the creation and / or formation of furrows.

[0018] Furthermore, an agricultural implement according to the invention is advantageous in which the one or more tillage rollers are configured to slit the soil of the agricultural land, in particular transversely to the direction of travel. This allows for extremely shallow tillage, for example, for the emergence of volunteer rapeseed, with simultaneous reseeding with tine shares. The tillage rollers have knife blades extending transversely to the direction of travel for slitting the soil. The knife blades are preferably distributed over the circumference of the tillage roller, whereby the distribution of the knife blades can be uniform over the circumference of the tillage roller.An inclination angle in the range of 0 to 30 degrees, preferably in the range of 0 to 15 degrees, can be present between the longitudinal axis of the knife blades and the transverse axis running perpendicular to the direction of travel, so that the knife blades run slightly diagonally to the transverse axis. This ensures continuous penetration of the knife blades into the soil. This requires less force to penetrate the soil and also results in smoother operation of the knife roller.

[0019] In another preferred embodiment of the agricultural implement according to the invention, one or more soil cultivation rollers are designed as knife rollers. The rotational axis of the knife roller(s) extend transversely to the direction of travel. The knives and knife blades of the knife roller also extend transversely to the direction of travel, so that the soil is slit by the knife roller transversely to the direction of travel.

[0020] Furthermore, an agricultural cultivation machine according to the invention is preferred in which the one or more soil tillage rollers are arranged in front of the one or more cutting discs in the direction of travel. In this case, the one or more soil tillage rollers are preferably designed as knife rollers, so that one or more knife rollers and one or more cutting discs run in front of the tine shares. In this case, the one or more soil tillage rollers push standing plant residues forward in a controlled manner and simultaneously bend them over, simultaneously creating slits in the soil transverse to the direction of travel and breaking up plants on the soil. The cutting discs additionally ensure that the soil is slit in the direction of travel, so that the tine shares run through soil that has already been pre-slit in two directions.

[0021] In a further preferred embodiment, the agricultural attachment according to the invention has a support beam extending transversely to the direction of travel, to which support structures carrying a tine share are attached. The support beams are preferably designed as a profiled rail. The profiled rail can be a frame component having profiled edge elements. The tine shares are attached to the profiled edge elements by means of the support structures. For this purpose, the support structures have an upper recess with which the support structures are suspended from an upper profiled edge element of the frame component. After suspension, the support structures can then be clamped to the frame component by means of a clamping element.

[0022] In another preferred embodiment, the agricultural cultivation machine according to the invention has a front attachment and a rear attachment. Preferably, one or more or all of the soil tillage rollers are designed as components of the front attachment. Alternatively or additionally, one or more or all of the soil tillage rollers can be designed as components of the rear attachment. The front attachment can further comprise a storage container for granular material, which can be referred to as a front tank. The front attachment can comprise a roller frame. A central soil tillage roller can be designed as component of the front attachment, and lateral soil tillage rollers can be designed as components of the rear attachment. The central soil tillage roller can be arranged below the storage container of the front attachment.This results in a simple structure below the front tank and an optimal rear attachment center of gravity, as the space in the middle of the rear attachment remains free, allowing the rear attachment to be positioned closer to the tractor. Furthermore, secure overlap of the tillage rollers can be ensured by wider rear tillage rollers. The rear attachment can include an additional storage container, which can be referred to as the rear tank. Fertilizer and / or seed can be stored in the front tank. Fertilizer and / or seed can also be stored in the rear tank. The granular material can therefore be seed and / or fertilizer.

[0023] If the tillage rollers are designed as components of the front attachment, they can be used as an alternative to or in addition to packer wheels. If the tillage rollers are used as an alternative to packer wheels, this can advantageously save weight, allowing for a larger payload. If the tillage rollers are used in addition to packer wheels, this results in improved depth control of the tillage rollers of the front attachment.

[0024] The front attachment preferably includes one or more soil cultivation rollers designed as knife rollers. The knife rollers on the front attachment can advantageously be combined with cutting discs on the rear attachment, so that the cutting discs are as close as possible to the tine shares and run in line with them.

[0025] The one or more soil tillage rollers can be attached to a pivotable or foldable boom, so that the soil tillage rollers can be folded in and out or swung in and out via the boom by means of a suitable actuator, for example one or more hydraulic cylinders.

[0026] Furthermore, an agricultural attachment is preferred in which the tine shares are designed as components of the rear attachment. The agricultural attachment does not necessarily have to include a front attachment.

[0027] Preferred embodiments of the invention are explained and described in more detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings.

[0028] Fig. 1a shows a machine assembly with an agricultural attachment according to the invention in a perspective view;

[0029] Fig. 1b a machine combination with an agricultural attachment according to the invention in a lateral view

[0030] Fig. 2 shows a side view of a sowing coulter of an agricultural attachment according to the invention; Fig. 3 shows a side view of another sowing coulter of an agricultural attachment according to the invention;

[0031] Fig. 4 shows a perspective view of a soil tillage roller designed as a knife roller of an agricultural attachment according to the invention;

[0032] Fig. 5 shows a machine assembly with an agricultural attachment according to the invention in a perspective view;

[0033] Fig. 6 shows the machine combination shown in Fig. 5 in a

[0034] side view;

[0035] Fig. 7 shows a machine assembly with an agricultural attachment according to the invention in a perspective view;

[0036] Fig. 8 shows the machine combination shown in Fig. 7 in a

[0037] side view;

[0038] Fig. 9 shows a machine assembly with an agricultural attachment according to the invention in a perspective view;

[0039] Fig. 10 shows the machine combination shown in Fig. 9 in a

[0040] side view;

[0041] Fig. 11 shows a machine assembly with an agricultural attachment according to the invention in a perspective view;

[0042] Fig. 12 the machine assembly shown in Fig. 11 in a

[0043] side view; and

[0044] Fig. 13 shows a machine combination with an agricultural attachment according to the invention in a side view. Fig. 1 shows a machine combination 100 with a carrier vehicle 102 designed as a tractor, to which an attachment 10 for spreading granular material, for example seed and / or fertilizer, is attached. The attachment 10 is therefore a seed drill. The attachment 10 comprises a front attachment 12 and a rear attachment 14. The front attachment 12 comprises a storage container 16a in which the material to be spread is stored. The front attachment 12 is connected to a front lifting gear 104 of the carrier vehicle 102. The material is conveyed from the storage container 16a to the rear attachment 14 via a conveyor line 20 in order to be deposited on the soil B of the agricultural area via the depositing devices 30a, 30b of the rear attachment 14.

[0045] The rear attachment 14 also includes a storage container 16b, in which material to be spread is stored. The material from the storage container 16a is conveyed to depositing devices via the distribution device 22a. These depositing devices can be the depositing devices 30a, 30b (Fig. 1b) or other depositing devices arranged in front of the depositing devices 30a in the direction of travel F (Fig. 1a). The material from the storage container 16b is conveyed to the depositing devices 30a, 30b via the distribution device 22b. In the illustrated case, the distribution devices 22a, 22b are distribution heads, into which material flowing in via a main conveyor line designed as a riser pipe is distributed among a plurality of material depositing lines, wherein the material depositing lines lead to the depositing devices 30a, 30b.

[0046] The rear attachment 14 of the mounted machine 10 comprises a tillage roller 24, which is designed as a blade roller. The tillage roller 24 serves to press down the plants protruding from the soil B of the agricultural land and to slit the soil B of the agricultural land transversely to the direction of travel F. The tillage roller 24 pushes standing plants forward in a controlled manner and simultaneously bends them over. In addition to pressing down and bending, the plant material is cut by the tillage roller 24, which is designed as a blade roller. Two rows of cutting discs 26a, 26b are arranged behind the tillage roller 24 in the direction of travel F, offset from one another.The front row of cutting discs 26a in the direction of travel F and the rear row of cutting discs 26b in the direction of travel F serve to rip open the soil B of the agricultural area parallel to the direction of travel F.

[0047] The above-mentioned other depositing devices, which are arranged in front of the depositing devices 30a in the direction of travel F, can be arranged in the area of ​​the soil cultivation roller 24 or in the area of ​​the cutting discs 26a, 26b. This is useful, for example, if fertilizer is to be applied close to the surface from the storage container 16a via the distribution device 22a and subsequent material deposit lines between the distribution device 22a and the depositing devices and subsequently incorporated. This is shown in Fig. 1a.

[0048] Alternatively, for example, fertilizer from the storage container 16a can be applied together with seed from the storage container 16b via the depositing devices 30a, 30b. For this purpose, material depositing lines are brought together in the area of ​​the depositing devices 30a, 30b, for example, in the area of ​​depositing lines 48, between the distribution device 22a or 22b and the depositing devices 30a, 30b. This is shown in Fig. 1b.

[0049] In the direction of travel F, behind the cutting discs 26a, 26b, a first row of individually depth-guided tine shares 28a is arranged, which serve to create and / or form placement furrows for the material in the soil B of the agricultural area, extending in the direction of travel F. The soil tillage roller 24a and the cutting discs 26a are thus leading soil tillage tools, which are arranged in front of the tine shares 28a in the direction of travel F and serve to prepare the soil B for the creation and / or formation of the placement furrows by the tine shares 28a. Each tine share 28a is assigned a cutting disc 26a, wherein the tine shares 28a and the cutting discs 26a assigned to the respective tine shares 28a run at least approximately in a line.Directly behind the tine shares 26a are depositing devices 30a designed as material depositing channels, through which the material can be deposited into the depositing furrows created and / or formed by the tine shares 28a. The depth control rollers 32a guide the tine shares 28a. Optional harrows can be located behind the depth control rollers 32a; however, the examples shown do not have them.

[0050] The second row of tine shares 28b is located behind the tine shares 28a in the direction of travel. Each tine share 28b is assigned a cutting disc 26b. The tine shares 28b and the cutting discs 26b assigned to the respective tine shares 28b run at least approximately in a line. Directly behind the tine shares 28b are depositing devices 30b designed as material depositing channels. The tine shares 28b are individually depth-guided via the depth control rollers 32b. Harrows 34b are located behind the depth control rollers 32b.

[0051] Fig. 2 shows a short version of a sowing coulter 35. The sowing coulter 35 comprises a support structure 36, which supports a tine coulter 28. The support structure 36 can be attached to a support beam of the agricultural implement 10, which extends transversely to the direction of travel F, wherein the support beam is designed as a profile rail. The support structure 36 comprises an upper recess 38, via which the support structure 36 can be suspended in the profile rail. Below the recess 38 is a tensioning element 40, via which the support structure 36 can be clamped after being suspended from the support beam.

[0052] A coulter pressure adjustment device 42 for adjusting the coulter pressure individually is arranged on the support structure 36. The coulter pressure adjustment device 42 comprises a hydraulic cylinder. The multi-part support structure 36 comprises support arms 44a, 44b, the length of which determines the total length of the sowing coulter 35.

[0053] The tine share 28 has a furrow opening edge 46 on the front side, which forms an obtuse angle W with the direction of travel vector, for opening and / or forming the placement furrow. The tine share 28 therefore operates on a grip to create and / or form the placement furrow.

[0054] Immediately behind the tine share 28 is the material deposit channel of the depositing device 30. The material is conveyed via the deposit line 48 to a deposit opening of the depositing device 30, so that the material can be discharged via the deposit opening into the deposit furrow created and / or formed by the tine share 28.

[0055] Behind the depositing device 30 there is a depth guide roller 32 for depth control of the tine share 28.

[0056] Fig. 3 shows a long version of a sowing coulter 35, wherein the support arms 44a, 44b of the multi-part support structure 36 are longer than in the embodiment shown in Fig. 2 in order to achieve a greater overall length.

[0057] Fig. 4 shows a soil tillage roller 24 designed as a knife roller. The soil tillage roller 24 serves to slit the soil B of the agricultural land transversely to the direction of travel F. For this purpose, the soil tillage roller 24 has a plurality of knives 50 arranged transversely to the direction of travel F, wherein the knife blades 52 also run transversely to the direction of travel.

[0058] Soil cultivation roller 24 is, for example, divided into three roller segments arranged side by side in the transverse direction. The blades 50 of the roller segments overlap in the transverse direction. The blades 50 of the respective roller segments are evenly distributed over the circumference of the soil cultivation roller 24. The illustrated soil cultivation roller 24 is used as a leading soil cultivation tool, which is to be arranged in front of the tine shares 28 of an agricultural implement 10 in the direction of travel F. By means of the soil cultivation roller 24 designed as a blade roller, the soil B of the agricultural land can be prepared for the creation and / or formation of placement furrows by the tine shares 28.

[0059] Fig. 5 and 6 show an agricultural attachment 10 in which two rows of cutting discs 26a, 26b are arranged as leading

[0060] Soil cultivation tools for the tine shares 28a, 28b are used. A leading soil cultivation roller 24 designed as a knife roller is omitted in this embodiment. The cutting discs 26a of the front row are assigned to the tine shares 28a. The cutting discs 26b of the rear row are assigned to the tine shares 28b.

[0061] Figs. 7 and 8 show a mounted machine 10 in which a tillage roller 24 designed as a knife roller is used as the leading tillage tool. The knife blades 52 of the tillage roller 24, which extend transversely to the direction of travel F, serve to slit the soil B transversely to the direction of travel F. By slitting the soil B, the soil B is prepared for the creation and / or formation of furrows by the tine shares 28a, 28b.

[0062] In the mounted machine 10 shown in Figs. 9 and 10, both a tillage roller 24 designed as a knife roller and two rows of cutting discs 26a, 26b are used as leading tillage tools for the tine shares 28a, 28b. The knife blades 52 of the tillage roller 24 designed as a knife roller slit the soil B of the agricultural area transversely to the direction of travel. The cutting discs 26a, 26b slit the soil B of the agricultural area parallel to the direction of travel F. This creates a slit grid on the soil B of the agricultural area, with the tine shares 28a, 28b of the mounted machine 10 being guided through the slits extending in the direction of travel F. The longitudinal and transverse slitting of the soil results in ideal soil preparation, so that furrows of comparatively high quality can be created and / or formed.

[0063] Figs. 11 and 12 show a mounted machine 10 comprising both a front attachment 12 and a rear attachment 14. Located on the front attachment 12 is a tillage roller 24 designed as a blade roller, which serves for soil preparation. The tillage roller 24 is attached to a roller frame of the front attachment 12. For further soil preparation, the rear attachment 14 comprises two rows of cutting discs 26a, 26b.

[0064] Fig. 13 shows a mounted machine 12 in which a central tillage roller 24a is attached to a roller frame of the front attachment 12. Lateral tillage rollers 24b, 24c are located on the rear attachment 14. The tillage rollers 24a-24c are designed as knife rollers and are designed to slit the soil B of the agricultural area transversely to the direction of travel F. The central tillage roller 24a on the front attachment 12 is arranged below the storage container 16a, so that a rear attachment 14 with an optimal center of gravity can be implemented, since the space in the middle of the rear attachment 14 remains free and the rear attachment 14 can be brought closer to the carrier vehicle 102 of the machine combination 100. The central tillage roller 24a on the front attachment 12 and the lateral tillage rollers 24b, 24c on the rear attachment 14 overlap in sections, so that a continuous slitting in the transverse direction is ensured.

[0065] The attachments shown in Figs. 11 to 13 feature soil tillage rollers 24 in addition to packer wheels 13, thereby achieving improved depth control of the soil tillage rollers. Alternatively, the soil tillage rollers can replace the packer wheels 13 shown.

[0066] In the illustrated embodiment, the rear attachment 14 further comprises a series of cutting discs 26, which are also used for soil preparation and run in line with the tine shares 28a, 28b.

[0067] List of reference symbols

[0068] 10 attachments

[0069] 12 Front attachment

[0070] 13 packer wheels

[0071] 14 Rear attachment

[0072] 16a, 16b storage tank

[0073] 20 conveyor line

[0074] 22a, 22b Distribution facilities

[0075] 24, 24a-24c Soil cultivation rollers

[0076] 26, 26a, 26b cutting discs

[0077] 28, 28a, 28b tine shares

[0078] 30, 30a, 30b Storage facilities

[0079] 32, 32a, 32b depth control rollers

[0080] 34a, 34b harrow

[0081] 35 coulter

[0082] 36 multi-part support structure

[0083] 38 recess

[0084] 40 clamping element

[0085] 42 Coulter pressure adjustment device

[0086] 44a, 44b support arms

[0087] 46 Furrow opening edge

[0088] 48 filing line

[0089] 50 knives

[0090] knife blades

[0091] 100 machine network

[0092] 102 carrier vehicle

[0093] 104 front linkage

[0094] B Floor

[0095] F Direction of travel

Claims

[Patent claims] 1. Agricultural implement (10) for spreading granular material onto an agricultural area, comprising several individually depth-controlled tine shares (28, 28a, 28b) arranged side by side, each configured to create and / or form a furrow extending in the direction of travel (F) for granular material in the soil (B) of the agricultural area; and several placement devices (30, 30a, 30b), each configured to deposit granular material into the furrows created and / or formed by the tine shares (28, 28a, 28b); characterized by one or more leading soil cultivation tools which are arranged in the direction of travel (F) in front of the tine shares (28, 28a, 28b) and are designed to prepare the soil (B) for the creation and / or formation of furrows by the tine shares (28, 28a, 28b).

2. Agricultural cultivation machine (10) according to claim 1 , characterized in that one or more leading soil cultivation tools are designed as cutting discs (26, 26a, 26b) which are designed to slit the soil (B) of the agricultural area, in particular parallel to the direction of travel (F).

3. Agricultural cultivation machine (10) according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that one or more leading soil cultivation tools are designed as soil cultivation rollers (24, 24a-24c).

4. Agricultural cultivation machine (10) according to claim 3, characterized in that the one or more soil cultivation rollers (24, 24a-24c) are arranged to operate on the soil (B) of the agricultural land To reduce plant populations.

5. Agricultural cultivation machine (10) according to claim 3 or 4, characterized in that the one or more soil cultivation rollers (24, 24a-24c) are arranged to slit the soil (B) of the agricultural area, in particular transversely to the direction of travel (F).

6. Agricultural cultivation machine (10) according to one of claims 3 to 5, characterized in that one or more soil cultivation rollers (24, 24a-24c) are designed as knife rollers.

7. Agricultural cultivation machine (10) according to one of claims 3 to 6, characterized in that the one or more soil cultivation rollers (24, 24a-24c) are arranged in the direction of travel (F) in front of the one or more cutting discs (26, 26a, 26b).

8. Agricultural implement (10) according to one of the preceding claims, characterized by a support beam extending transversely to the direction of travel (F), to which support structures 36 carrying a tine share (28, 28a, 28b) are attached, wherein the support beam is preferably designed as a profile rail.

9. Agricultural implement (10) according to one of the preceding claims, characterized by a front attachment (12) and a rear attachment (14), wherein preferably one, several or all soil cultivation rollers (24, 24a-24c) are designed as components of the front attachment (12) and / or one, several or all soil cultivation rollers (24, 24a-24c) are designed as components of the rear attachment (14). Agricultural implement (10) according to claim 9, characterized in that the tine shares (28, 28a, 28b) are designed as components of the rear attachment (14).

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