Method for automated hypoxic training

Abstract

The invention relates to a method for automated hypoxic training, with the method steps of detecting a first measurement value or inputting a first parameter, detecting a second measurement value or inputting a second parameter, determining training parameters from the first detected measurement value and / or the first input parameter and the second detected measurement value and / or the second input parameter, establishing a hypoxic training programme and / or carrying out hypoxic training with the determined training parameters, wherein the training parameters comprise one or more parameters from the group including duration of a hypoxic interval, number of cycles of the hypoxic interval and minimum oxygen content of a respiratory air mixture made available during the hypoxic training, and wherein at least one value of one of the two training parameters lies at least 1% and at most 25% in the direction alongside the value of that training parameter which would be determinable alone from the first detected measurement value and / or the first input parameter or alone from the second detected measurement value and / or the second input parameter.

Description

[0001] Method for the automated implementation of hypoxia training

[0002] The invention relates to a method for the automated implementation of hypoxia training with the method steps of recording a first measured value or entering a first parameter, recording a second measured value or entering a second

[0003] Parameters, determining training parameters from the first recorded measured value and / or the first entered parameter and the second recorded measured value and / or the second entered parameter, creating a hypoxia training program and / or carrying out hypoxia training with the determined training parameters, wherein the training parameters comprise one or more parameters from the group consisting of the duration of a hypoxia interval, the number of cycles of the hypoxia intervals and the minimum oxygen content of a breathing air mixture provided during the hypoxia training, and wherein at least one value of one of the two training parameters lies at least 1% and at most 25% in the direction next to the value of the training parameter that could be determined solely from the first recorded measured value and / or the first entered parameter or solely from the second recorded measured value and / or the second entered parameter.

[0004] State of the art

[0005] Hypoxia can trigger reactions in every cell in the body and enable increased energy metabolism. It can contribute to the activation of a variety of genes. Athletes, as well as healthy and sick individuals, can benefit from hypoxia.

[0006] The effectiveness of altitude training has long been known. But until a few years ago, there was no adequate explanation for how slight oxygen deficiency leads to improved performance in the body. The observed increase in red blood cells was not enough to explain the changes in the body. The breakthrough in understanding came with the discovery of the hypoxia-inducible factor HIF-1-alpha. This factor provided an explanation for the comprehensive effect of altitude training. The abbreviation HIF stands for Hypoxia-Inducible Factor. The technical term refers to an oxygen sensor that becomes active when there is not enough oxygen in the body's cells. It controls one of the body's most vital processes: the adaptation of cells, tissues, and organs to a lack of oxygen. At the same time, it signals self-repair in the body.

[0007] The best-known positive effect of HIF is erythropoietin (EPO) synthesis in the kidneys and liver. Before the discovery of HIF, this effect was used to explain changes in the cardiovascular, respiratory, and circulatory systems. It is now clear that the improvement in performance is much more comprehensive. The endothelial cells of the tunica intima respond to the influence of hypoxia with increased nitric oxide (NO) synthesis. This gas has a decisive influence on vascular dilation. It leaves the endothelium and causes relaxation of the smooth muscle cells in the surrounding tissue. At the tunica intima itself, NO prevents platelet adhesion and aggregation. Also interesting in this context is that under the influence of hypoxia, the endothelial cells produce the angiogenic factor VEGF. Its production leads to neoangiogenesis of the capillaries during hypoxia therapy.Very often these additional vessels are located in damaged or poorly supplied tissue sections.

[0008] The heart beats faster and breathing becomes more frequent. The body attempts to absorb as much oxygen as possible from the air we breathe. This is neither unpleasant nor dangerous for humans. The blood vessels dilate, allowing blood to flow faster. The number of red blood cells increases, allowing the body to absorb more oxygen molecules. All organs are better supplied. Furthermore, the body initiates an adaptation program. Under the influence of the hypoxia factor HIF-1-alpha, the body takes every precaution to cope with less oxygen.

[0009] The mitochondria become denser and rejuvenated. Energy production is optimized, leading to greater physical and mental performance in everyday life. Symptoms of illness improve. In the brain, the transmission of nerve impulses improves. In some areas, new nerve cells are formed. The results are increased mental acuity and a lower risk of dementia and Parkinson's disease. The vascular network becomes denser. The inner walls of the vessels become smooth and supple. This reduces the likelihood of dangerous blood clots, as well as the risk of heart attack and stroke.

[0010] On the other hand, oxygen deficiency can lead to an inability to concentrate, fatigue, and ultimately unconsciousness, thus causing significant damage. An optimal training program must therefore consider the personal limits of each trainee to ensure safety for the participant, but at the same time, it should also be within a range where the organism can be optimally addressed and the training is effective.

[0011] It is therefore an object of the present invention to provide a method for the automated implementation of hypoxia training that enables safe and efficient implementation of hypoxia training. Furthermore, the object of the invention is to provide training parameters for different parameters that ensure safe and efficient implementation of hypoxia training.

[0012] The stated object is achieved by means of the method for the automated implementation of hypoxia training according to claim 1. Further advantageous embodiments of the invention are set out in the subclaims.

[0013] The inventive method for the automated implementation of hypoxia training comprises four method steps: In the first method step, a first measured value is recorded or a first parameter is entered. In the second method step, a second measured value is recorded or a second parameter is entered. The first and / or second method steps are usually carried out under medical supervision as part of an initial test on a user. The initial test objectively determines the user's body's sensitivity to the hypoxic stimulus. The initial test serves to adapt the intensity of the hypoxia training to the user's needs. The recorded measured values ​​make it possible to detect outliers and incorrect measurements when selecting the training parameters, which could otherwise trigger potential harm to the patient during hypoxia training.

[0014] In the third step of the process, training parameters are determined from the first recorded measured value and / or the first entered parameter and the second recorded measured value and / or the second entered parameter.

[0015] In the fourth step, a hypoxia training program is created and / or hypoxia training is conducted using the specified training parameters. The training parameters include one or more parameters from the group consisting of the duration of a hypoxia interval, the number of cycles of the hypoxia intervals, the minimum oxygen content of a breathing air mixture provided during hypoxia training, and / or the length of the breaks between the hypoxia intervals. The training program is created automatically, meaning the recorded measured values ​​and entered parameters are automatically converted into a training program.

[0016] By adjusting the training parameters (duration, number of cycles, oxygen content, and blood oxygen saturation), hypoxia training is optimally tailored to the user's needs. Based on the recorded measurements and the entered parameters, the oxygen reduction in the breathing air achieves the highest effectiveness and greatest safety during training.

[0017] These training parameters are selected so that all adaptation processes in the body are triggered, but no damage can occur due to the intentionally induced oxygen deprivation. To achieve this, at least one value of one of the two training parameters lies at least 1% and no more than 25% apart from the value of the training parameter that could be determined solely from the first measured value and / or the first input parameter, or solely from the second measured value and / or the second input parameter.The training parameter here is in the direction of easier training conditions in addition to the training parameter determined solely from the first measured value recorded and / or the first parameter entered or solely from the second measured value recorded and / or the second parameter entered, i.e. 1% to 25% above the target value of oxygen saturation in the blood, above the oxygen content in the respiratory gas, below the length of the hypoxia interval, above the length of the break between the hypoxia intervals, below the number of repetitions.The training parameter is preferably the parameter with the easier training conditions determined solely from the first measured value and / or the first entered parameter or solely from the second measured value and / or the second entered parameter, i.e. 1% to 25% above the target value for oxygen saturation in the blood, above the oxygen content in the respiratory gas, below the length of the hypoxia interval, above the length of the break between hypoxia intervals, below the number of repetitions. This tolerance of parameter deviation ensures safe execution of the hypoxia training program for the user, while at the same time achieving a high training effect. Numerous tests have shown that a training program with training parameters in this range avoids a deprivation of oxygen that is harmful to the organism, but is nevertheless in a range in which training is effective.In a preferred embodiment of the invention, at least one value of one of the two training parameters is at least 1% and at most 20%, preferably at least 1% and at most 15% and particularly preferably at least 1% and at most 10% in the direction next to the value of that training parameter which could be determined solely from the first recorded measured value and / or the first input parameter or solely from the second recorded measured value and / or the second input parameter.

[0018] In one development of the invention, the value of one training parameter is at least 1.5% and at most 8% different from the value of the training parameter. In a further aspect of the invention, the value of one training parameter is at least 2% and at most 7% different from the value of the training parameter. Other tolerances are conceivable, depending on the user's recorded measurements, e.g. at least 3% and at most 7.5%, at least 4% and at most 7%. The tolerances are selected to be as small as possible in order to achieve effective hypoxia training, but at the same time large enough to make the hypoxia training safe for the user. In a further embodiment of the invention, the value of one training parameter is set independently of the results of the recorded measurements and / or entered parameters. The other training parameter is adjusted accordingly.Therefore, only one training parameter is varied, while another training parameter is determined depending on the recorded measured values ​​and / or entered parameters and is not variable.

[0019] In a further embodiment of the invention, the first and second method steps take place at different times, preferably at least 10 minutes apart, more preferably at least 30 minutes apart, and even more preferably at least 24 hours apart. By shifting the time points, incorrect measurements, for example due to physical deviations from the norm and / or physical irregularities, can be detected.

[0020] In a further embodiment of the invention, the first and / or second method step and the third and / or fourth method step take place at different times, preferably at least 10 minutes apart, more preferably at least 30 minutes apart, and even more preferably at least 24 hours apart. Determining the training parameters and / or creating and / or implementing the hypoxia training program are not comparable to monitoring and adapting an already created hypoxia training program during the implementation of a hypoxia training program.

[0021] In a further embodiment of the invention, the training parameters are newly determined. The training parameters are created independently of previously created training parameters and / or hypoxia training programs for the same subject.

[0022] In a further embodiment of the invention, the at least one training parameter is the duration of a hypoxia interval and / or the minimum oxygen content of a breathing air mixture provided during hypoxia training. Using these two training parameters, the hypoxia training is tailored to the needs of the user. These training parameters are determined in such a way that all adaptation processes in the body are triggered, but no damage occurs due to the intentionally induced oxygen deficiency.

[0023] In an advantageous embodiment of the invention, the hypoxia training program is created automatically. This makes the hypoxia training program reproducible, minimizes human error, and allows the hypoxia training program to be created cost-effectively.

[0024] In a further advantageous embodiment of the invention, the hypoxia training program is carried out automatically. The hypoxia training program is therefore cost-effective for the user, especially if the user wears a monitoring device, e.g., a pulse oximeter.

[0025] In a further embodiment of the invention, the recorded measured values ​​and / or entered parameters include the SI value of a heart rate variability measurement, the time of a breath-hold test, the results of a MitoOx test, the results of an MDA-LDL test, the dose determination according to Prof. Apanasenko, the results of tests for basal respiration, ATP production, proton leak, maximum respiration, reserve capacity and / or non-mitochondrial respiration.

[0026] Heart rate variability can be used to measure a patient's physical endurance. Measurement is recommended before and during hypoxic training.

[0027] Heart rate variability (HRV) can be used to measure the general adaptability of the organism. The measurement provides an assessment of how well the autonomic nervous system, via its two components, the sympathetic and parasympathetic nervous systems, can respond to stressful influences. HRV values ​​are interesting for hypoxia training because they provide information about the regulatory capacity of the autonomic nervous system. The flexibility of the autonomic nervous system is important when planning interval durations. They can be used for monitoring during training. Various HRV parameters influence the SI value. The level of the SI allows one to assess how balanced the activity of the sympathetic and parasympathetic nervous systems is. Higher SI values ​​indicate tension in the regulatory system and a reduced ability to relax.

[0028] The result of the breath-hold test provides initial indications of the potential depth of hypoxia. It also offers information about exercise tolerance during training. There are various breath-hold tests; the Stange and Genchi tests are just two of them. They provide the same information and differ only in their procedure, making them suitable for different patient groups. Both tests are performed before the first hypoxia training session and after completion of the hypoxia treatment. A test result with longer breath-hold times confirms the correct dosage and the positive effect of hypoxia.

[0029] If possible, a mitochondrial pool analysis should be performed in all patients. For a long time, the assessment of mitochondrial function was only possible indirectly and associated with high costs for the patient. A new approach is the evaluation of mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) from a drop of blood using the MitoOx test. Every change, from tiny point mutations to the loss of larger mtDNA segments (deletions), affects the mitochondrial respiratory chain. The MitoOx test provides a determination for the most common deletion, 4977 bp (common deletion). It encompasses base pairs 8470 to 13447 and affects approximately one-third of the entire mitochondrial genome. Complexes I, IV, and V of the respiratory chain are affected by the mutation. The number of 4977 bp deletions increases with oxidative stress.

[0030] The MitoOx test compares the number of healthy mitochondrial gene copies to the number of damaged ones. The higher the number of healthy mitochondrial gene copies, the lower the oxidative load and the higher the antioxidant capacity. If the proportion of copies with the 4977 bp deletion increases, reduced mitochondrial function can be assumed. For hypoxia training, this means that a hyperoxia phase is counterproductive in patients with an accumulation of the 4977 bp deletion. Oxidative stress is further increased by the increased oxygen content. In patients with mitochondrial dysfunction, alternating between hypoxia and hyperoxia phases can cause further mitochondrial deterioration.

[0031] Most chronic diseases are associated with mitochondrial dysfunction. The Bioenergetic Health Index (BHI) examines the functionality of the individual cells in the respiratory chain and assesses the bioenergetic quality of the mitochondria. Using six parameters, weak points can be identified and the extent of dysfunction or mitochondrial efficiency determined. Other recorded and / or input parameters include results from tests for basal respiration, ATP production, proton leak, maximal respiration, reserve capacity, and / or non-mitochondrial respiration.

[0032] In a further embodiment of the invention, the training parameters are checked before the training program is created. During the check, the training parameters are compared with the values ​​measured in real time, e.g., for oxygen concentration in the respiratory gas, blood oxygen saturation, and the user's heart rate.

[0033] In a further embodiment of the invention, the training parameters are changed before the training program is created. If the determined training parameters are within the range anticipated during the initial test, a training program is created and the training plan is started with the determined training parameters. If the determined training parameters are not within the range anticipated during the initial test, the training parameters are changed such that measured values ​​for, for example, oxygen concentration in the respiratory gas, oxygen saturation of the blood and heart rate are again within the anticipated range. A new training plan with the changed training parameters is then created and started with the changed training parameters. By checking the training parameters in this way and changing them if necessary in real time, safe and at the same time effective hypoxia training is achieved.

[0034] In a further development of the invention, the created training program is created on a first computer unit. In particular, the created training program is created under medical supervision. The hypoxia training program is therefore reproducible, human error sources are minimized, and the hypoxia training program can be created cost-effectively.

[0035] In a further embodiment of the invention, the created training program is transferred from a first computer unit to a second computer unit. The second computer unit is typically located remotely from the first computer unit.

[0036] In a further embodiment of the invention, the second computer unit includes a controller for executing the training program. The second computer unit can also be used to execute the created hypoxia training program remotely from the first computer unit. A user can execute the created hypoxia training program, for example, in their home, using the second computer unit and the controller arranged therein or connected to the second computer unit for executing the training program.

[0037] In a further embodiment of the invention, the training parameters include the number of hypoxia cycles, the number of training sessions in the treatment, and / or the regeneration time between individual training sessions. The intensity of the training is largely determined by the number of hypoxia intervals. According to scientific findings, 4-5 cycles per training session are sufficient. Patients with poor baseline values ​​begin hypoxia training with 3-4 cycles. After approximately five training sessions, the training curves are compared. Changes in the HRV parameters, pulse rate, and oxygen saturation curves should be observed. For patients in a reduced general condition, intermediate tests such as an HRV measurement or a breath-hold test are also useful for evaluating the training. In another embodiment, regeneration phases in the form of weekly application repetitions are included.Specifically, repetitions increase with higher target values ​​and / or higher training parameters. This prevents excessive physical strain and allows for physical adaptations during recovery phases.

[0038] After a certain number of training sessions, preferably after a maximum of 5 sessions, even more preferably after a maximum of 2-4 sessions, and most preferably after each training session, the training parameters are reassessed. This ensures effective yet safe personalized hypoxia training.

[0039] In a further aspect of the invention, the method is carried out on a personalized basis. Each user responds individually to hypoxia training. Especially in patients with reduced general health, regular interim tests such as heart rate variability (HRV) measurements should be performed to prevent overtraining. In addition, individual factors such as a tendency to hypoglycemia and medication use are taken into account when planning training.

[0040] In a further embodiment of the invention, the training program is aborted depending on combinations of two values ​​from the recorded measured values ​​and / or entered parameters and / or depending on a single value of the recorded measured values ​​and / or entered parameters. In particular, a safety limit in the form of parameters that lead to the abort of the automated training and / or the creation of the automated training (safety cut-off) for the oxygen saturation of the blood is individually set for a user. If this safety limit is undershot, a safety program is activated in such a way that the oxygen saturation of the blood rises above the safety limit again. This enables a safe training program for the user even outside of medical supervision.

[0041] In a further development of the invention, the automatic creation and / or execution of the hypoxia training is aborted if the training parameters determined from the first recorded measured value and / or the first entered parameter or solely from the second recorded measured value and / or the second entered parameter exceed the tolerance of the parameter deviation. In this way, it can be ensured that an oxygen deficiency that is harmful to the organism is avoided.

[0042] In one embodiment, hypoxia training only includes hypoxia phases and hyperoxia phases in order to achieve particularly high performance improvements.

[0043] In another embodiment, hypoxia training includes only hypoxia and normoxia phases to reduce the stress on the body. Hyperoxia phases, in particular, can cause significant stress for users.

[0044] In another embodiment, hypoxia training includes hyperoxia and normoxia phases, each following hypoxia phase, in order to reduce peak loads on the body, especially towards the end of training, while still allowing for increased performance improvement. Preferably, training begins with a hyperoxia phase and / or hyperoxia and normoxia phases are performed alternately, each following hypoxia phase. Alternating between hyperoxia and normoxia phases, in particular, reduces peak loads during hypoxia training.

[0045] Embodiments of the method according to the invention for the automated implementation of hypoxia training are shown schematically in simplified form in the drawings and are explained in more detail in the following description.

[0046] They show:

[0047] Fig. 1 : Diagram of a hypoxia-normoxia training plan

[0048] Fig. 2: Diagram of a hypoxia-hyperoxia training plan

[0049] Fig. 3 a: Detailed view of a hypoxia-normoxia training plan

[0050] Fig. 3 b: Detailed view of a hypoxia-normoxia training plan with marked

[0051] Tolerances of the training parameters Fig. 4: Flowchart of the method according to the invention for the automated implementation of hypoxia training

[0052] Fig. 1 shows an embodiment of a hypoxia-normoxia training program 1 that is performed in intervals. Hypoxia intervals 100 alternate with normoxia intervals 200. Each interval 100, 200 in this embodiment has a duration of 5 minutes.

[0053] The diagram shows the values ​​for oxygen concentration in the respiratory gas 10 (ordinate O2), oxygen saturation of the blood 20 (ordinate SpO2), heart rate 40 (ordinate HR), and a safety cutoff 30 for the oxygen saturation of the blood 20 SpO2 over time (abscissa). In this and all subsequent examples, the safety cutoff 30 is 80% SpO2, but can be individually adjusted for each user. If this safety cutoff 30 is exceeded, a safety program is activated so that the oxygen saturation of the blood 20 rises above the safety cutoff 30 of 80% SpO2.

[0054] To carry out the method 400 according to the invention for the automated implementation of hypoxia training 400 (see Fig. 4), a plurality of measured values ​​of a user are recorded 410 by means of an input test and a plurality of parameters of a user are entered 420 into a first computer unit.

[0055] Heart rate variability can be used to measure a patient's physical resilience. Measurement is recommended before and during hypoxia training. Heart rate variability (HRV) can be used to measure the organism's general adaptability. The measurement provides an assessment of how well the autonomic nervous system, via its two components, the sympathetic and parasympathetic nervous systems, can respond to stressful influences. HRV values ​​are of interest for hypoxia training because they provide information about the autonomic nervous system's ability to regulate itself. The flexibility of the autonomic nervous system is important when planning interval durations. They can be used for monitoring during training.

[0056] The SI value incorporates various HRV parameters. The SI level can be used to assess how balanced the activity of the sympathetic and parasympathetic nervous systems is. Higher SI values ​​indicate tension in the regulatory system and a reduced ability to relax.

[0057] The result of the breath-hold test provides initial indications of the potential depth of hypoxia. It also offers information about exercise tolerance during training. There are various breath-hold tests; the Stange and Genchi tests are just two of them. They provide the same information and differ only in their procedure, making them suitable for different patient groups. Both tests are performed before the first hypoxia training session and after completion of the hypoxia treatment. A test result with longer breath-hold times confirms the correct dosage and the positive effect of hypoxia.

[0058] If possible, a mitochondrial pool analysis should be performed in all patients. For a long time, the assessment of mitochondrial function was only possible indirectly and associated with high costs for the patient. A new approach is the evaluation of mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) from a drop of blood using the MitoOx test. Every change, from tiny point mutations to the loss of larger mtDNA segments (deletions), affects the mitochondrial respiratory chain. The MitoOx test provides a determination for the most common deletion, 4977 bp (common deletion). It encompasses base pairs 8470 to 13447 and affects approximately one-third of the entire mitochondrial genome. Complexes I, IV, and V of the respiratory chain are affected by the mutation. The number of 4977 bp deletions increases with oxidative stress.

[0059] The MitoOx test compares the number of healthy mitochondrial gene copies to the number of damaged ones. The higher the number of healthy mitochondrial gene copies, the lower the oxidative load and the higher the antioxidant capacity. If the proportion of copies with the 4977 bp deletion increases, reduced mitochondrial function can be assumed.

[0060] Most chronic diseases are associated with mitochondrial dysfunction. The Bioenergetic Health Index (BHI) examines the functionality of the individual cells in the respiratory chain and assesses the bioenergetic quality of the mitochondria. Based on six parameters, weak points can be identified and the extent of dysfunction or mitochondrial efficiency can be determined. These six parameters are tests of a user's basal respiration, ATP production, proton leak, maximal respiration, reserve capacity, and / or non-mitochondrial respiration.

[0061] The training parameters are determined from these recorded measured values ​​and entered parameters 430. The training parameters include the duration of a hypoxia interval 100, duration of the normoxia interval 200, number of cycles of the hypoxia intervals and minimum oxygen content of a breathing air mixture provided during the hypoxia training 10. The hypoxia phase 100 is individually adjusted via the setting options for the duration and frequency of the intervals 100, 200, the oxygen reduction of the breathing gas 10 and the oxygen saturation in the blood 20.

[0062] These training parameters are personalized for each user in such a way that all adaptation processes in the user's body are triggered, but no damage can occur due to the intentionally induced oxygen deficiency. The training program 1 created in this way is then transmitted to a second computer unit, which has a control system for executing the training program 1. The training program 1 is then carried out on a suitable training device 460.

[0063] For example, if the Stange / Genchi breath-hold test shows values ​​of 40 / 45 seconds, or if laboratory tests (MitoOx test, MDA-LDL) show values ​​of MitoOx>10 8:1, MDA-LDL normal to slightly elevated, BHI>2.0, when dose determination according to Professor Apanasenko results in values ​​of >15 points for both parameters, hypoxia training can be carried out with training parameters regarding target values ​​of 80-82 SpO2, whereby the duration of the hypoxia phase is at least 5 minutes, has 6 cycles, can take place up to 3 times a week and includes 10-14 training units per course.

[0064] For example, if the breath-hold test in the form of Stange / Genchi shows values ​​of 25-40 / 30-45 seconds, or if laboratory tests (MitoOx test, MDA-LDL) show values ​​of MitoOx 10 8:1, MDA-LDL slightly elevated, BHI 2.0-1.5, when dose determination according to Professor Apanasenko achieves values ​​of 10-15 points for both parameters, hypoxia training can be carried out with training parameters regarding target values ​​of 83-84 SpO2, whereby the duration of the hypoxia phase is at least 4 minutes, has 5 cycles, can take place up to 3 times a week and includes 15-20 training units per course. For example, if values ​​of 10-24 / 15-29 seconds are achieved during the Stange / Genchi breath-hold test, or in laboratory tests (MitoOx test, MDA-LDL) values ​​of MitoOx 10 7 up to >10 5: 1, MDA-LDL slightly to strongly elevated, BHI < 1.5, when determining the dose according to Professor Apanasenko, values ​​of 4-6 points are achieved for both parameters, hypoxia training can be carried out with training parameters regarding target values ​​of 85-87 SpO2, whereby the duration of the hypoxia phase is at least 3 minutes, has 4 cycles, can take place up to 3 times a week and includes 15-20 training units per course.

[0065] In one embodiment, the parameters from different tests can be combined to determine the training parameters.

[0066] For example, if during the Stange / Genchi breath-hold test, values ​​of over 40 / 45 seconds are achieved for one parameter and a value between 25-40 / 30-45 seconds is achieved, one parameter represents a training parameter with target values ​​of 80-82 SpO2, and the other parameter represents a training parameter with target values ​​of 83-85. These values ​​do not exceed the tolerance of the deviation parameters, but to ensure user safety, the training parameters for the lower target value are used as the basis for hypoxia training. The hypoxia phase lasts 4-5 minutes, has 5 cycles, can take place up to 3 times a week, and includes 15-20 training sessions per course.

[0067] Training Program 1 begins with a hypoxia interval of 100, which ends after 5 minutes with a blood oxygen saturation of 85 percent. A blood oxygen saturation of 20 percent below 85 percent depends on the user's health and fitness level, as well as the results of the initial tests.

[0068] The curve of heart rate 40 runs in the opposite direction to the curve of oxygen concentration in the respiratory gas 10. In the hypoxia phase, the heart rate 40 increases and in the normoxia or hyperoxia phase, the heart rate 40 decreases again.

[0069] Each hypoxia interval 100 is followed by a normoxia interval 200 with oxygen-enriched or normally saturated room air 200. The length of the normoxia interval 200 is also 5 minutes in this embodiment. For the body, the normoxia interval 200 is like a recovery break. The heart rate 40 slows down again, and the oxygen saturation of the blood 20 rises again to 99%. An embodiment of a hypoxia-hyperoxia training program 1, which is also performed in intervals, is shown in Fig. 2. Hypoxia intervals 100 alternate with hyperoxia intervals 300. Each hypoxia interval 100 has a duration of 5 minutes in this embodiment.

[0070] The diagram again shows the values ​​for oxygen concentration in the breathing gas 10 (ordinate O2), oxygen saturation of the blood 20 (ordinate SpO2), heart rate 40 (ordinate HR) and a safety limit 30 (safety cut-off) for the oxygen saturation of the blood 20 SpO2 over time (abscissa).

[0071] If the hypoxia interval 100 is alternated with a slightly elevated hyperoxia phase 300 (from 25 percent to 35 percent oxygen concentration in the breathing gas 10), the values ​​normalize more quickly than with a normoxia phase 200 (see Fig. 1). Because the body can increase the oxygen saturation of the blood 20 more quickly in a hyperoxia phase 300, the duration of the hyperoxia phase 300 is shorter than in a normoxia phase 100, in this example, 3 minutes.

[0072] Many users rate the relaxation effect in hyperoxia phase 300 as greater than in normoxia phase 100. Physiologically speaking, however, hyperoxia phase 300 is just as stressful for the body as hypoxia phase 100, because it triggers an additional stress stimulus in the body. The increased oxygen supply in breathing gas 10 leads to greater strain and stimulation of the body's own antioxidant systems. Oxidative stress is increased. Therefore, hypoxia-hyperoxia training 1 may be overwhelming for users with health impairments.

[0073] Scientific studies and experience over the past four decades have shown that alternating between a short-term reduced blood oxygen saturation and a normal blood oxygen saturation (20 s) produces the best health benefits. In contrast, a longer reduction in blood oxygen saturation (20 s), comparable to a prolonged stay in the mountains or in a hypoxic chamber, would result in a lesser training effect. The more frequent alternation further stimulates the body's adaptability. A comparison of various training protocols led to the recommendation of 4-5 cycles with a hypoxia interval of 100 of 5-7 minutes, followed by a normoxia interval of 200 or hyperoxia interval of 300 s.

[0074] Fig. 3a and 3b show detailed views of an exemplary embodiment of a hypoxia-normoxia training program 1. Fig. 3b shows an enlarged section A of the diagram in Fig. 3a. The diagram shown in Fig. 3a and 3b again shows the values ​​for oxygen concentration in the respiratory gas 10 (ordinate O2), oxygen saturation of the blood 20 (ordinate SpO2), heart rate 40 (ordinate HR), and a safety cut-off 30 for the oxygen saturation of the blood 20 SpO2 plotted over time (abscissa). The safety cut-off 30 in this and all subsequent exemplary embodiments is 80% SpO2.

[0075] According to the invention, the training parameter duration of a hypoxia interval 100 is adjusted in such a way (Fig. 3 b) that at least 1% and at most 10% in the direction next to the value of the training parameter minimum oxygen content of a breathing air mixture 10 provided during the hypoxia training, in such a way that the oxygen saturation of the blood 20 (Fig. 3 a) is constantly above the safety limit 30.

[0076] The section of the diagram in Fig. 3b also shows the training parameters determined from the results of previous examinations or input parameters: length of the hypoxia interval and oxygen content in the respiratory gas. When measuring heart rate variability at rest, an RMSSD value of 38 ms and a MitoOx value of 1.5*10 A 8 and a BHI value of 1.9 were measured. Furthermore, the breath-hold test resulted in a time of 41 seconds.

[0077] The minimum target value for blood oxygen saturation SpO2 70, determined solely from the heart rate variability measurement, is 82.5%. The blood oxygen saturation SpO2 range 72 has a minimum value 71 of 83.5% and a maximum value 73 of 88.5%. The maximum length of the hypoxia interval 80, determined solely from the heart rate variability measurement, corresponds to 312 s. The hypoxia interval length range 82 has a maximum length 81 of 308 s and a minimum length 83 of 270 s. The oxygen content in the respiratory gas 90, determined solely from the heart rate variability measurement, is 12.25%. The respiratory gas oxygen content range 92 has a minimum value 91 of 12.4% and a maximum value 93 of 13.5%. The training parameters automatically determined from all measured values ​​are 74 SpO2 = 84% for the target value of oxygen saturation in the blood, 84 300 s for the length of the hypoxia interval and 12.5% ​​for the oxygen content in the respiratory gas.The training is then conducted using these training parameters. The training parameters were all selected to be within 1% to 25% of the values ​​determined from the preliminary examinations and / or input parameters. All automatically determined training parameters 74, 84, and 94 are in the direction of easier training conditions compared to the training parameters 70, 80, and 90 determined from the preliminary examinations and / or input parameters.

[0078] In further embodiments, the automatically determined training parameters are at least 1.5% and at most 8%, at least 2% and at most 7% off the value of the training parameter determined from one of the measured values ​​and / or entered parameters. Further tolerances are conceivable, depending on the measured values ​​recorded by the user, e.g., at least 3% and at most 7.5%, at least 4% and at most 7%. In this embodiment, the tolerance is at least 2% and at most 25%.

[0079] This makes it possible to automatically create training programs without putting users at risk of oxygen deprivation, while still conducting training in a range that is promising for training success. Without this process, the automatic creation of a training program would not be possible safely for a large number of users.

[0080] The safety limit of 30 is determined and set individually for each user. In this example, the setting is based on the blood oxygen saturation of 20 minus 2 percent. With a correctly set training intensity, the blood oxygen saturation of 20 remains 2-3 percent above the safety limit of 30 during the hypoxia phase.

[0081] An embodiment of the method 400 according to the invention for the automated implementation of hypoxia training is shown in Fig. 4. In a first method step, a plurality of measured values ​​of a user are recorded by means of an input test 410 and a plurality of parameters of a user are entered into a first computer unit 420.

[0082] The training parameters are determined from these recorded measured values ​​and entered parameters 430. The training parameters include the duration of a hypoxia interval 100, the number of cycles of the hypoxia intervals 100 and the minimum oxygen content of a breathing air mixture 10 provided during the hypoxia training. The hypoxia phase 100 is individually adjusted using the setting options for the duration 100, frequency, oxygen reduction of the breathing air 10 and oxygen saturation in the blood 20.

[0083] The training parameters, duration of a hypoxia interval 100, number of cycles of the hypoxia intervals 100, and minimum oxygen content of a breathing air mixture 10 provided during the hypoxia training, are checked in a further method step 440. During the entire interval hypoxia training 1, the user wears a pulse oximeter. The pulse oximeter is directly connected to the hypoxia device used to conduct the hypoxia training 1. The hypoxia device has or is connected to the second computer unit with a memory.During the test 440, the training parameters duration of a hypoxia interval 100, number of cycles of the hypoxia intervals 100 and minimum oxygen content of a breathing air mixture 10 provided during the hypoxia training are compared with the values ​​measured in real time for oxygen concentration in the breathing gas 10, oxygen saturation of the blood 20, heart rate 40 and the safety limit 30 of the oxygen saturation of the blood 20.

[0084] If the determined training parameters are within the range anticipated during the initial test and the safety limit 30 of the blood oxygen saturation 20 is not undershot, a training plan is created 450 in the following process step 450, and the training plan is started 460 with the determined training parameters. If the determined training parameters are not within the range anticipated during the initial test and / or the safety limit 30 of the blood oxygen saturation 20 is undershot, the training parameters are changed 470 such that the measured values ​​for oxygen concentration in the respiratory gas 10, oxygen saturation of the blood 20, and heart rate 40 are again within the anticipated range and the safety limit 30 of the blood oxygen saturation 20 is exceeded again. A new training plan is then created 480 with the changed training parameters and started 490 with the changed training parameters.By checking the training parameters and, if necessary, changing them in real time, safe and effective hypoxia training is achieved. REFERENCE LIST OF SYMBOLS E.

[0085] Training program / training plan

[0086] Oxygen concentration in the breathing gas

[0087] Oxygen saturation of the blood

[0088] Safety limit of blood oxygen saturation

[0089] Heart rate

[0090] Hyperoxia range of oxygen saturation in the blood

[0091] Maximum length of the hypoxia interval determined from a measured value or entered parameter

[0092] Maximum length of the hypoxia interval

[0093] Range of the length of the hypoxia interval

[0094] Minimum length of the hypoxia interval

[0095] Length of the hypoxia interval in the automatically determined and executed training program

[0096] Oxygen content of the breathing gas determined from a measured value or entered parameter

[0097] Below the limit of the oxygen content of the breathing gas

[0098] Range of oxygen content of the breathing gas

[0099] Upper limit of the oxygen content of the breathing gas

[0100] Oxygen content of the breathing gas in the automatically determined and executed training program

[0101] Hypoxia interval

[0102] Normoxia interval

[0103] Hyperoxia interval

[0104] Method for automated hypoxia training

[0105] Recording measured value U Input parameters 0 Determination of training parameters 0 Checking training parameters 0 Creating training plan 0 Starting training plan 0 Changing training parameters 0 Creating training plan with changed parameters 0 Starting training plan with changed parameters

Claims

PA TE N CLAIMS Method (400) for the automated execution of hypoxia training with the Procedural steps Recording a first measured value (410) or entering a first parameter (420) Recording a second measured value (410) or entering a second parameter (420) Determining (430) training parameters from the first acquired measured value and / or the first input parameter and the second acquired measured value and / or the second input parameter, Creating (450) a hypoxia training program (1) and / or carrying out (460) a hypoxia training with the determined training parameters, wherein the training parameters comprise one or more parameters from the group consisting of the duration of a hypoxia interval (100), the number of cycles of the hypoxia intervals and the minimum oxygen content of a breathing air mixture (10) provided during the hypoxia training, wherein at least one value of one of the two training parameters is at least 1% and at most 25% in the direction next to the value of that training parameter that could be determined solely from the first measured value and / or the first input parameter or solely from the second measured value and / or the second input parameter. Method (400) for the automated implementation of hypoxia training according to claim 1, characterized in that the value of one training parameter is at least 1.5% and at most 8% off the value of the training parameter.

3. Method (400) for the automated implementation of hypoxia training according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that the value of one training parameter is at least 2% and at most 7% besides the value of the training parameter.

4. Method (400) for the automated implementation of hypoxia training according to one or more of the preceding claims, characterized in that the value of one training parameter is determined independently of the results of the recorded measured values ​​and / or input parameters.

5. Method (400) for the automated implementation of hypoxia training according to one or more of the preceding claims, characterized in that the at least one training parameter is the duration of a hypoxia interval (100) and / or the minimum oxygen content of a breathing air mixture (10) provided during the hypoxia training.

6. Method (400) for the automated implementation of hypoxia training according to one or more of the preceding claims, characterized in that the hypoxia training program (1) is created automatically (450, 480).

7. Method (400) for the automated implementation of hypoxia training according to one or more of the preceding claims, characterized in that the hypoxia training program (1) is implemented automatically (460, 490).

8. Method (400) for the automated implementation of hypoxia training according to one or more of the preceding claims, characterized in that the recorded measured values ​​and / or input parameters include the SI value of a heart rate variability measurement, the time of a breath-hold test, the results of a MinOx test, the results of an MDA-LDL test, the dose determination according to Prof. Apanasenko, the results from tests on basal respiration, ATP production, proton leak, maximum respiration, reserve capacity and / or non-mitochondrial respiration.

9. Method (400) for the automated implementation of hypoxia training according to one or more of the preceding claims, characterized in that the created training program (1) is created on a first computer unit (450, 480).

10. Method (400) for the automated implementation of hypoxia training according to one or more of the preceding claims, characterized in that the created training program (1) is transferred from a first computer unit to a second computer unit.

11. Method (400) for the automated implementation of hypoxia training according to one or more of the preceding claims, characterized in that the second computer unit includes a controller for executing (460, 490) the training program. A method (400) for the automated execution of hypoxia training according to one or more of the preceding claims, characterized in that the training parameters include the number of hypoxia cycles, the number of training sessions of the treatment, and / or the regeneration time between the individual training sessions. A method (400) for the automated execution of hypoxia training according to one or more of the preceding claims, characterized in that the method (400) is carried out on a personalized basis.Method (400) for the automated implementation of hypoxia training according to one or more of the preceding claims, characterized in that the training program (1) is aborted depending on combinations of two values ​​from the recorded measured values ​​and / or input parameters and / or depending on an individual value of the recorded measured values ​​and / or input parameters. Method (400) for the automated implementation of hypoxia training according to one or more of the preceding claims, characterized in that the recorded measured values ​​and / or input parameters used to abort the implementation of hypoxia training and / or to create the hypoxia training program are the SI value of a heart rate variability measurement, the time. a breath-hold test, the results of a MinOx test, the dose determination according to Prof. Apanasenko, the results of tests for basal respiration, ATP production, proton leak, maximal respiration, reserve capacity and / or non-mitochondrial respiration.

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