Gear or shaft comprising a mass damper

Abstract

The invention relates to a transmission with at least one mass damper (101). The mass damper (101) is mounted to a gear (111) or a shaft (113, 501, 701) of the transmission.

Description

[0001] Gear or shaft with vibration damper

[0002] The invention relates to a transmission according to the preamble of claim 1 and a method according to claim 12.

[0003] Wind turbine gearboxes are often exposed to critical vibrations. These can lead to gearbox damage and unwanted noise emissions.

[0004] The invention is based on the object of improving the vibration behavior of a transmission. This object is achieved by a transmission according to claim 1 and a method according to claim 12. Preferred developments are contained in the subclaims and will become apparent from the following description.

[0005] The transmission according to the invention has at least one vibration damper. This is a means for absorbing or reducing structure-borne noise.

[0006] According to the invention, the vibration damper is mounted on a gear or a shaft of the transmission. This means that the vibration damper or a part of the vibration damper is joined to the gear or shaft. The vibration damper preferably dampens rotational vibrations of the gear or shaft.

[0007] The gear is preferably connected to the shaft in a rotationally fixed manner. In particular, the gear can be joined to the shaft, preferably in one piece.

[0008] By mounting the vibration damper directly on the gear or shaft, structure-borne noise can be eliminated at its source. This prevents the structure-borne noise from spreading through the transmission and causing damage, or from being emitted as excessive noise or airborne noise.

[0009] In a preferred embodiment, the at least one vibration absorber has a primary damper mass. This is a single-piece or multi-piece element that is subjected to vibrations via one or more springs and / or one or more dampers of the vibration absorber. These vibrations are preferably rotational vibrations.

[0010] A spring is a device that couples two elements together and counteracts the relative movements of these elements with a spring force. The spring can be made of steel or elastomer. Springs with a nonlinear characteristic or springs whose spring stiffness varies depending on a signal can also be used.

[0011] A damper is a device that dampens the relative movements of the two elements.

[0012] In this case, the primary damper mass is coupled to the gear or shaft via springs and / or dampers. This means that the two elements are the primary damper mass and the gear or shaft. Accordingly, the spring and / or damper are connected to the primary damper mass on one side and to the gear or shaft on the other. The primary damper mass is designed to be movable, preferably rotationally movable, relative to the gear or shaft.

[0013] In an alternative preferred embodiment, the vibration damper comprises a secondary damper mass in addition to the primary damper mass. The secondary damper mass is also preferably constructed in one piece. It is joined to the gear or shaft.

[0014] The further development provides that the primary absorber mass is not coupled directly to the gear or shaft, but via the secondary absorber mass. This means that the primary absorber mass is coupled to the secondary absorber mass via one or more springs and / or one or more dampers. According to the further development, the elements whose relative movements counteract the springs and / or which are damped by the dampers are the primary absorber mass and the secondary absorber mass. Specifically, the springs and / or dampers are joined to the primary absorber mass on one side and to the secondary absorber mass on the other side. According to the further development, the primary absorber mass is movable, preferably rotationally movable, relative to the secondary absorber mass.

[0015] Preferably, the secondary damper mass is further developed as a housing. The springs and / or dampers of the vibration damper are arranged in this housing.

[0016] In a preferred embodiment, the primary damper mass and / or the secondary damper mass are rotationally symmetrical with respect to a rotational axis of the gear, which is identical to a rotational axis of the shaft. Preferably, the primary damper mass and / or the secondary damper mass are also arranged concentrically with the rotational axis. This results in balanced rotational behavior without imbalance.

[0017] Furthermore, the primary damper mass and / or the secondary damper mass preferably have the basic shape of a toroid. This is a body of revolution with a central hole. The body of revolution is created by rotating a surface around a rotation axis. The surface is approximately a rectangle.

[0018] The basic shape of a body or part of a body means the shape of an original body or part of a body from which the first-mentioned body or part was created by eliminating individual areas, for example by inserting recesses and / or by adding individual areas, or whose shape corresponds to the shape of the first-mentioned body.

[0019] In a preferred embodiment, the primary damper mass and / or the secondary damper mass have a continuous recess. This is particularly the case when the primary damper mass and / or the secondary damper mass have the basic shape of a toroid. According to the embodiment, the shaft extends through the recess in the primary damper mass and / or through the recess in the secondary damper mass.

[0020] The shaft can be located in a torque flow running from an input shaft of the transmission to an output shaft of the transmission and can be subjected to a torque that is part of this torque flow. In a preferred embodiment, however, the shaft is torque-free. The shaft is therefore not located in a torque flow running from an input shaft to an output shaft.

[0021] Instead, according to the further development, the shaft is driven by another shaft, which in turn is located in the aforementioned torque flow. The other shaft thus conducts a torque that is part of the torque flow. It is connected to the first shaft in a driving manner, so that this shaft is driven by the other shaft. The drive is preferably such that the first shaft rotates faster than the other shaft. This means that vibrations of the first shaft are transmitted to the other shaft with increased amplitude. This is advantageous because it increases the damping performance.

[0022] The gearbox is preferably designed as a wind turbine gearbox. This type of design is advantageous because the vibration problem described above is particularly pronounced in wind turbine gearboxes.

[0023] The transmission is preferably further developed with at least one planetary stage. The aforementioned shaft serves as the sun shaft of this planetary stage. The aforementioned gearwheel forms a sun gear of the planetary stage.

[0024] Preferably, an input shaft of the transmission is designed as a hollow shaft. According to the further development, the input shaft and the aforementioned shaft are aligned coaxially with each other, i.e., they have the same axis of rotation.

[0025] An input shaft developed as a hollow shaft is advantageous because, according to a method according to the invention, it enables the vibration damper to be guided through the input shaft and attached to the gear or the aforementioned shaft. For this purpose, a planet carrier of the planetary stage described above is preferably also hollow, i.e., has at least one central or centered recess with respect to its axis of rotation. In particular, a cheek, preferably a rotor-side cheek, of the planet carrier can have such a recess. This development allows a gearbox to be retrofitted with the vibration damper in the installed state. In particular, it is possible to retrofit a wind turbine gearbox in the tower of a wind turbine.

[0026] Preferred embodiments of the invention are illustrated in the figures. Corresponding reference numerals indicate identical or functionally equivalent features. In detail:

[0027] Fig. 1 shows a vibration damper on a sun gear;

[0028] Fig. 2 shows a vibration damper mounted on a sun shaft on the generator side;

[0029] Fig. 3 shows a vibration damper mounted on the rotor side of a sun shaft;

[0030] Fig. 4 the assembly of a vibration absorber inside a solar shaft;

[0031] Fig. 5 a vibration damper on an output shaft;

[0032] Fig. 6 shows a vibration damper mounted on the rotor side of an output shaft; and

[0033] Fig. 7 shows a vibration damper mounted on an intermediate shaft.

[0034] Figures 1 to 7 each show a vibration damper 101. It has a primary damper mass 103 and a secondary damper mass 105. The primary damper mass 103 is coupled to the secondary damper mass via springs 107 and dampers 109.

[0035] The secondary damper mass 105 serves to absorb and reduce vibrations of a component. For this purpose, the secondary damper mass 105 is rigidly fixed in the component, meaning that no relative movement between the secondary damper mass 105 and the component is possible. According to Fig. 1, the component in which the secondary damper mass 105 is fixed is a sun gear 111 of a wind turbine gearbox. Starting from the sun gear 111, the vibration damper 101 is arranged on the generator side. The secondary damper mass 105 is fixed in a generator-side end face of the sun gear 111.

[0036] The sun gear 111 is rotationally fixed to a sun shaft 113. This shaft runs through a central hole of the primary damper mass 103 and the secondary damper mass 105.

[0037] The vibration damper 101 shown in Fig. 2 differs from the vibration damper of Fig. 1 in that the secondary damper mass 105 is not attached to the sun gear 111, but rather to the sun shaft 113. For this purpose, the sun shaft 113 has a flange 201. The secondary damper mass 105 is joined to this flange.

[0038] As shown in Fig. 2, the flange 201 and, accordingly, the vibration damper 101 are located on the generator side, starting from the sun gear 111. A rotor-side arrangement, however, is shown in Fig. 3. Here, the flange 201 of the sun shaft 113 is located on the rotor side, starting from the sun gear 111. Accordingly, the vibration damper 101 is arranged on the rotor side.

[0039] According to Fig. 4, the sun gear 111 described above is part of a generator-side planetary stage 401. This is connected downstream of a rotor-side planetary stage 403. The rotor-side planetary stage 403, in turn, is coupled to a rotor shaft 405.

[0040] A sun shaft 407 of the rotor-side planetary stage and the rotor shaft 405 are designed as hollow shafts. This allows a fitter 409 to pass the vibration damper 401 through the rotor shaft 405 and the sun shaft 407 of the rotor-side planetary stage 403 and fix it to the flange 201.

[0041] As shown in Fig. 5, the vibration damper 101 can also be mounted on an output shaft 501. The output shaft 501 is part of a spur gear stage. It protrudes from a gearbox housing on the generator side. The vibration damper 101 is mounted there.

[0042] Specifically, the secondary damper mass 105 is joined to the output shaft 501 outside the transmission housing. The primary damper mass 103, the springs 107, and the dampers 109 are also located outside the transmission housing. The arrangement of the vibration damper 101 outside the transmission housing allows for subsequent installation.

[0043] It is also possible to mount the vibration damper 101 on the rotor-side end face of the output shaft 501. Such an arrangement is shown in Fig. 6. The secondary damper mass 105 is joined to the end face of the output shaft 501.

[0044] Fig. 7 shows an attachment of the vibration damper 101 to an intermediate shaft 701. The secondary damper mass 105 is joined to the intermediate shaft 701.

[0045] The intermediate shaft 701 is driven by the sun shaft 113. It is driven exclusively by the sun shaft 113 and does not drive any other shaft itself. A gear ratio between the sun shaft 113 and the intermediate shaft is designed so that the intermediate shaft 701 rotates faster than the sun shaft. This leads to higher relative accelerations in the vibration absorber 101 and thus to greater damping performance.

[0046] Reference symbol

[0047] Vibration damper

[0048] absorber mass

[0049] absorber mass

[0050] Feather

[0051] mute

[0052] sun gear

[0053] Sunwave

[0054] flange

[0055] Planetary stage

[0056] Planetary stage

[0057] rotor shaft

[0058] Sunwave

[0059] Fitter

[0060] Output shaft

[0061] intermediate shaft

Claims

Patent claims 1. A transmission with at least one vibration damper (101); characterized in that the vibration damper (101) is attached to a gear (111) or a shaft (113, 501, 701) of the transmission.

2. Transmission according to claim 1; characterized in that the at least one vibration damper (101) has a primary damper mass (103) which is coupled to the gear (111) or the shaft (113, 501, 701) via one or more springs (107) and / or via one or more dampers (109).

3. Transmission according to claim 1; characterized in that the at least one vibration damper (101) has a primary damper mass (103) and a secondary damper mass (105); wherein the secondary damper mass (105) is joined to the gear (111) or the shaft (113, 501, 701); wherein the primary damper mass (103) is coupled to the secondary damper mass (105) via one or more springs (107) and / or one or more dampers (109).

4. Transmission according to the preceding claim; characterized in that the secondary damper mass (105) forms a housing in which the primary damper mass (103), the one or more springs (107) and / or the one or more dampers (109) are arranged.

5. Transmission according to one of claims 2 to 4; characterized in that the primary damper mass (103) and / or the secondary damper mass (105) are rotationally symmetrical to a rotational axis of the gear (111) and / or the shaft (113, 501, 701).

6. Transmission according to the preceding claim; characterized in that the primary absorber mass (103) and / or the secondary absorber mass (105) have the basic shape of a toroid.

7. Transmission according to one of claims 2 to 6; characterized in that the shaft (113, 501, 701) extends through a recess in the primary damper mass (103) and / or through a recess in the secondary damper mass (105).

8. Transmission according to one of the preceding claims; characterized in that the shaft (701) is not located in a torque flow running from an input shaft (405) to an output shaft (501) and is driven by a shaft (113) located in the torque flow.

9. Transmission according to one of the preceding claims; characterized in that Gearbox is designed as a wind turbine gearbox.

10. Transmission according to one of the preceding claims; characterized in that the shaft (113) is designed as a sun shaft of a planetary stage (401); wherein the gear (111) is designed as a sun gear of the planetary stage (401). 11 . Transmission according to one of the preceding claims; characterized by an input shaft (405) designed as a hollow shaft; wherein the input shaft (405) and the shaft (113) are aligned coaxially with one another.

12. Method for mounting the vibration damper (101) of a transmission according to the preceding claim on the shaft (113); characterized in that the vibration damper (101) is passed through the input shaft (405) and attached to the gear (111) or the shaft (113, 501, 701).

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