Gas heat engine

Abstract

The gas heat engine comprises an isobaric compressor (1), which is connected to the shaft of an isothermal compressor (2), and both compressors (1) and (2) are housed in a container (10). The shaft of the isothermal compressor (2) is connected on the other side through a thermal insulation coupling (8) to the shaft of a rotary isothermal engine (4) and a rotary isobaric engine (3), where both engines are housed in a container (10). The output from the isobaric compressor (1) in the container (10) is connected through a recuperator (7) and a regulator valve (6) to the isobaric engine (3) in a container (9), the output from which is connected to the input to the isothermal engine (4) in the container (9), and its output is connected via piping to the recuperator (7), with an input to the isothermal compressor (2) in the container (10), where its output is connected through a check valve (5) to the isobaric compressor (1) in the container (10).

Description

Field of the Invention

[0001] The invention is a gas heat engine with the external supply of heat Q, in which the working substance is a compressed real gas and that works in a perfect closed continuous thermodynamic cycle.Prior Art

[0002] At the current time, only one concept for a gas heat engine with an external supply of heat Q is known. It works in a closed thermodynamic, but markedly imperfect cycle, and is generally called a Stirling engine. This engine is characterised in that it works in a markedly imperfect isochoric-isothermal-isochoric-isothermal cycle. Its major disadvantage is the very low practical efficiency, which is due, in particular, to the imperfection of the cycle used, as well as the markedly imperfect execution of the actual processes in the cycle.

[0003] The task of the invention submitted is to achieve a marked increase in practical efficiency, using a newly designed closed continuous thermodynamic cycle and the actual design of the engine adapted to it, which ensures the best execution of the individual processes in the cycle.Essence of the Invention

[0004] This task is solved by a gas heat engine, according to the invention, which works in a newly designed continuous closed thermodynamic cycle, which comprises two isothermal and two isobaric processes, which, with regard to the engine's design, take place continuously. The course of the cycles is as follows: isobaric expansion of the working gas, which takes place during the movement of gas at high pressure p1, from an isobaric compressor through a recuperator and regulator valve to an isobaric engine, where in this first process in the cycle the temperature of the working gas is increased from T to T1 in the recuperator, and in accordance with the gas law the volume of the working gas is increased in the isobaric engine under constant pressure and positive Wizobar isobaric work is performed. The working volume in the isobaric engine must always be larger than the working volume in the isobaric compressor, so that the whole process can take place as precisely as possible under constant pressure.

[0005] In the second process, the working gas is moved from the isobaric engine to an isothermal engine, where it expands isothermally, i.e. under constant temperature its pressure falls from p1 to p, and positive +Wizotherm isothermal work is performed, at the expense of heat Q1, which is transmitted to the engine through a heat-supplying substance, which flows through the container in which both engines are housed.

[0006] In the third process the working gas is transmitted from the isothermal engine through the recuperator to an isothermal compressor, where its temperature falls from T1 to T and, at constant low pressure p it is compressed into an isothermal compressor, with negative -Wizobar work being provided to it. The working volume in the isothermal compressor must be smaller than the working volume in the isothermal engine, so that the process can be as isobarically precise as possible, i.e. under constant pressure.

[0007] In the fourth process in the cycle, the working gas in the isothermal compressor is compressed isothermally into the isobaric compressor under high pressure p1. -Witotherm work is provided to it and in the form of heat Q it is transmitted through a heat-carrying substance at temperature T, which flows through the container in which both compressors are housed. This concludes the whole cycle.

[0008] The whole gas heat engine comprises an assembly made up of hydrostatic rotary machines with a linear and non-linear working area and two work segments, or machines with similar work characteristics, the whole cycle is linked, i.e. continuous, in such a way that during every half-rotation the first half of one cycle and the second half of the previous cycle always take place, so the engine performs two complete cycles during one rotation, meaning that the output performance has the shape of a saw blade.

[0009] The calculations performed clearly show that the positive isobaric work performed is always absolutely the same as the negative isobaric work performed, and in an ideal case the two sets of work cancel each other out, so the usable work Wv performed by the gas heat engine is equal to Wv = +Wizotherm, minus -Wizotherm. It is basically be the same as in the Carnot cycle, where the adiabatic work is cancelled out; the same applies to the usable work as here, i.e. the theoretical efficiency of the aforementioned cycle is completely identical to the efficiency of the Carnot cycle.

[0010] There is a quite fundamental difference in that the machine in which the aforementioned cycle can take place with maximum precision can be assembled in practice, in contrast to the Carnot cycle.

[0011] If we compare the Carnot cycle and diagram p-V in the described cycle in which the gas heat engine works, we can see that the aforementioned cycle is rotated in terms of vectors and the adiabatic processes are replaced by isobaric ones.

[0012] The gas heat engine consists of a hydrostatic rotary isobaric compressor, which is connected by a shaft to a hydrostatic rotary isothermal compressor and both are housed in a container through which a cooling substance flows and where a constant lower temperature T is maintained. During the engine's activity, heat Q, equal to the supplied -Wizotherm work, is transmitted to the compressor.

[0013] The shaft of the hydrostatic rotary isothermal compressor is connected on the other side through a thermal insulation coupling to the shaft of a hydrostatic rotary isothermal engine, whose shaft is connected on the other side to a hydrostatic rotary isobaric engine, where both engines are housed in a container to which heat Q1 at higher temperature T1 is supplied.

[0014] The machines in both sections are connected by piping through a recuperator, where basically all the actual isobaric processes take place and where the majority of the measured heat cp, through the working gas going from the isobaric-isothermal engine to the isobaric-isothermal compressor, is delivered against the working gas flowing in the opposite direction, including the isobaric work, which is returned in the form of heat together with the measured heat of the gas Qcv to the ongoing cycle.

[0015] The gas heat engine works in such a manner that heat Q1 is supplied to the engine with a higher temperature T1 through a heat-supplying substance, which flows through the container in which the rotary hydrostatic isothermal and isobaric engine is housed.

[0016] Working gas with a higher pressure p1 and lower temperature T is transmitted through the piping from the hydrostatic rotary isobaric compressor to the recuperator, where the majority of the measured heat is taken off against the flowing working gas, its temperature T increases to almost temperature T1 and under constant pressure p1 it is transmitted through the regulator valve to the hydrostatic rotary isobaric engine, where it performs +Wizobar work. From here it is transmitted to the hydrostatic rotary isothermal engine, where it expands isothermally, its pressure p1 falls to pressure p and it performs +Wizotherm work, from where it is transmitted by piping back through the recuperator, where it passes on the majority of its measured heat cp to the counterflowing gas, where its temperature falls from T1 to approximately T and it enters the hydrostatic rotary isothermal compressor, where the working gas is first isobarically compressed, and at the same time it is compressed from the other side of the work segment isothermally through the check valve to the hydrostatic rotary isobaric compressor at higher pressure p1 and it is supplied with -Wizotherm work, which is supplied at the expense of +W work. Because the positive +Wizobar isobaric work is the same size as the negative -Wizobar isobaric work, both sets of work practically cancel each other out and because the +W isothermal work performed is always larger than the negative -W isothermal work transmitted the engine performs usable work Wv = +W minus -W, which can be taken off from the shaft of the hydrostatic rotary isobaric compressor.

[0017] The advantage is that the used rotary hydrostatic machines are equipped with two work segments, so the whole cycle takes place continuously, so for each rotation of the engine two cycles take place at the same time, where in every half-rotation the first part of one cycle and, at the same time, the second part of the previous cycle, take place. The rotations and performance of the gas heat engine are controlled by the regulator valve.

[0018] A fundamental advantage is that the working volume of the recuperator could be theoretically unlimited, without this having a negative influence on the perfect execution of individual processes.

[0019] The most significant advantage is the fact that the theoretical efficiency of the continuous thermodynamic isobaric-isothermal-isobaric-isothermal cycle is exactly the same as the Carnot cycle.

[0020] Another advantage is that the usable work Wv can be removed from the compressor shaft, which is cold.Industrial Applicability

[0021] The gas heat engine will have very wide usage and could gradually replace combustion engines, with regard to the fact that the practical efficiency will be at least comparable, where the engine is simpler in design terms, but heat will be delivered to it by a burner, where it will be possible to perfectly burn hydrocarbons with added oxygen, i.e. with minimal waste gases.Summary of Figures in Drawings

[0022] The invention will be clarified by a diagram, a specific example of a gas heat engine, where Figure 1 shows the schematic arrangement of the gas heat engine.

[0023] Figure 2 is a p-V diagram, which shows the course of the thermodynamic cycle in a steam heat engine, where: segment 1-2 represents isobaric expansion, isotherm 2-3 represents isothermal expansion, segment 3-4 represents an isobaric compression and isotherm 4-1 represents isothermal compression.Example of the Invention

[0024] The gas heat engine, according to the example design shown, consists of a hydrostatic rotary isobaric compressor 1, which is connected by a shaft to a hydrostatic rotary isothermal compressor 10, where a heat-removing substance flows through openings A, B, a constant temperature T is maintained and heat Q is removed during the engine's activity.

[0025] The shaft of a hydrostatic rotary compressor 2 is connected on the other side through a thermal insulation coupling 8 to the shaft of a hydrostatic rotary isothermal engine 4, whose shaft is connected on the other side to a hydrostatic rotary isobaric engine 3, where both engines 4 and 3 are housed in a container 9, where the heat-supplying substance that delivers heat Q1 at higher temperature T1 flows through openings D and C to the engine.

[0026] The output from the hydrostatic rotary isobaric compressor 1 housed in a container 10 is connected by piping through a recuperator 7 and a regulator valve 6 to the hydrostatic rotary isobaric engine 3 housed in the container 9, whose output is connected to the input to the hydrostatic rotary isothermal engine 4, which is also housed in the container 9, and its output is connected by piping through the recuperator 7 to the input to the hydrostatic rotary isothermal compressor 2 housed in the container 10, where its output is connected through a check valve 5 to the input to the hydrostatic rotary isobaric compressor 1 also housed in the container 10, from the shaft of which on the other side usable work Wv is taken.List of Reference Marks

[0027] 1. Hydrostatic rotary isobaric compressor 2. Hydrostatic rotary isothermal compressor 3. Hydrostatic rotary isobaric engine 4. Hydrostatic rotary isothermal engine 5. Check valve 6. Regulator valve 7. Recuperator 8. Thermal insulation coupling 9. Container 10. Container

Claims

1. A gas heat engine characterised in that it comprises containers (9) and (10), where the container (9) houses a hydrostatic rotary isobaric engine (3), which is connected by a shaft to a hydrostatic rotary isothermal engine (4), whose shaft is connected on the other side through a thermal insulation coupling (8) to the shaft of a hydrostatic rotary isothermal compressor (2), whose shaft is connected on the other side to the shaft of a hydrostatic rotary isobaric compressor (1), from whose shaft usable work Wv is taken, where both compressors are housed in the container (10).

2. A gas heat engine according to claim 1, characterised in that the hydrostatic rotary isobaric compressor (1) is connected at the output by piping to a recuperator (7), which is connected on the other side to a regulator valve (6) and it is connected by piping to the input to a hydrostatic rotary isobaric engine (3).

3. A gas heat engine according to claim 2, characterised in that the output from the hydrostatic rotary isobaric engine (3) is connected to the input to the hydrostatic rotary isothermal engine (4), whose output is connected by piping to a recuperator (7), which is connected on the other side by piping to the input to the hydrostatic rotary isothermal compressor (2), whose output is connected via a check valve (5) to the input to the hydrostatic rotary isobaric compressor (1), where the gas heat engine works in the aforementioned thermodynamic isobaric-isothermal-isobaric-isothermal continuous cycle.

4. A gas heat engine according to one of the previous patent claims characterised in that heat Q1 is supplied to the engine through circulation of a heat-carrying substance, which enters a container (9) through opening D and exits through opening C, where heat Q is transmitted from the container (10) through circulation of the heat-carrying substance, which enters the container (10) through opening A and exits through opening B.

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