A novel endotracheal intubation assembly

Abstract

The invention relates to a novel endotracheal intubation assembly (10) that facilitates ventilation and intubation procedures to be performed on patients in the field of health, especially in anesthesia departments, and provides a solution to the difficult airway problem with its polyethylene bag (3).

Description

[0001] A NOVEL ENDOTRACHEAL INTUBATION ASSEMBLY

[0002] TECHNICAL FIELD

[0003] The invention relates to a novel endotracheal intubation assembly that facilitates ventilation and intubation procedures to be performed on patients in the field of health, especially in anesthesia departments, and provides a solution to the difficult airway problem with its polyethylene bag.

[0004] STATE OF THE ART

[0005] Many materials, devices and strategies have been developed to maintain airway patency and sustained ventilation and one of these alternatives is the procedure of endotracheal intubation. In routine practice, the procedure of inserting an endotracheal tube (ETT) into the trachea with the help of a laryngoscope is referred to as endotracheal intubation. Endotracheal intubation is used for delivering the general anesthetic as well as for ventilation. * However, it may not be possible to perform this procedure with ease in every patient. This condition, referred to as ‘Difficult Intubation’, was defined as ‘Multiple interventions are required for tracheal intubation in the presence or absence of tracheal pathology’ in the difficult airway algorithms established by the American Society of Anesthesiologists (ASA) in 2013 and DAS (Difficult Airway Society) in 2015. This was defined by the American Society of Anesthesiologists (ASA) in 2003 as ‘Appropriate insertion of an appropriate tube by conventional laryngoscopy with more than three interventions, for more than 10 minutes, or both’**.

[0006] Endotracheal intubation is the technique of inserting a special endotracheal tube into the trachea through the glottis. It is a simple and effective method to ensure an unobstructed airway. In the salvage process of many critically ill patients, as well as general anesthesia patients, tracheal intubation is often required to effectively perform mechanical ventilation, remove sputum or blood in the trachea, prevent vomiting and suffocation, and eliminate respiratory obstruction. The artificial airway created by tracheal intubation is the most vital “life line” for patients. Critically ill patients in need of emergency tracheal intubation in clinical first aid mainly include: Those with spontaneous respiratory arrests,

[0007] • Those who cannot meet the body’s need for ventilation and oxygen and need mechanical ventilation,

[0008] • Failure to clear upper respiratory tract secretions, reflux of gastric contents or bleeding and aspiration at any time,

[0009] • Upper respiratory tract injuries affecting normal ventilation, stenosis, obstruction, tracheoesophageal fistula, etc.

[0010] • Patients with acute respiratory failure,

[0011] • Patients with central or peripheral respiratory failure.

[0012] After the patient is intubated, the duration of utilization of the endotracheal tube is usually as follows: oral intubation usually does not exceed 72 hours; nasal intubation does not exceed 1 week. In some patients with poor cardiopulmonary function and high respiratory secretions, neck tracheotomy and intubation may be used, thus prolonging the duration of utilization. Although tracheal intubation initially relieves the difficulty of ventilation and facilitates aspiration of foreign bodies such as sputum blood in the airway, the currently used tracheal intubation catheter is mainly made of medical polyethylene plastic, therefore the catheter is adhesive to airway secretions. It is very likely to cause intubation complications such as adhesion of the airway mucosa after intubation, compression, friction, stimulation, etc., which will cause permanent failure of the catheter and extubation. The most common complications of permanent endotracheal intubation are as follows:

[0013] • After 48 hours of mechanical ventilation, inflammation of the tracheal intubation often causes ventilator-associated pneumonia, and ventilator-associated pneumonia has become the most common and most serious complication of mechanical ventilation with high morbidity, mortality and poor treatment. Resources are expensive and current preventive measures have not been much effective in reducing the incidence of ventilator-associated pneumonia [1]. Common pathogens of ventilator-associated pneumonia are Escherichia coli, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Acinetobacter baumannii, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Candida albicans, etc. [2], These pathogens are especially Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Bacteria easily adhere to the surface of the tracheal intubation catheter, and polysaccharide matrix, fibrin, lipoprotein, etc. are formed on the surface, and it is difficult for the antibiotic to penetrate into the organism. The capsule causes the bacteria to develop multi-drug resistance and then colonizes in the patient’s airway, becoming the most resistant bacteria in the hospital.

[0014] • The occlusion of the endotracheal tube of medical polyethylene plastic results in fluid retention, airway secretions such as sputum blood are easily adhered to the surface of the catheter, and critically ill patients or patients with sedative anesthesia have sputum dysfunction, adhesive airway secretions. Once formed, sputum is difficult to remove, thus the inner diameter of the catheter becomes thinner, the ventilatory resistance increases significantly, affects the airway consistency, and CO2 retention and SpO2 decline are aggravated. Furthermore, the worms become a protective layer for bacterial growth, creating a source of infection and increasing the incidence of ventilator-associated pneumonia. Although active artificial airway care such as adequate humidification, heat protection, airway aspiration, etc. can partially reduce sputum and phlegm, airway mucosal damage is aggravated, and sputum formation is still inevitable.

[0015] • Airway injury after tracheal intubation, compression of the catheter and airway mucosa, friction, stimulation, etc. Smooth, which affects the therapeutic effect. Medical polyethylene is a polymer material. When the organism is in prolonged contact with a living organism, it can develop adverse biological reactions such as inflammation, carcinogenesis and thrombosis, which are detrimental to the long-term health of the human body.

[0016] These complications are inevitable in patients with endotracheal intubation and directly affect the duration of utilization of the tracheal intubation. Once they occur, medical personnel must perform extubation therapy, re-intubation or tracheotomy to insert the tracheal cannula and enhance medical therapy. Economic burden, treatment risks and physical and mental suffering of patients. Therefore, reducing infection, sputum obstruction and injury during intubation of tracheal intubation can prolong the duration of utilization of the catheter, save valuable time for successful treatment of critically ill patients, and reduce the economic burden of medical treatment and the risk of treatment. In addition, reducing the incidence of complications in patients who have undergone endotracheal intubation is an important factor in the prognosis of the disease and is one of the most important issues in intensive care emergency medicine. The duration of utilization of tracheal intubation is closely related to the occurrence of complications. In order to reduce and delay the occurrence of endotracheal intubation complications, foreign researchers conducting critical medical research have begun to focus on improving endotracheal intubation. Polyethylene is one of the five types of general-purpose plastics. The shape of the tracheal intubation catheter is convenient, but the incidence of adverse biological reactions such as infection, sputum obstruction and airway injury during catheter insertion is extremely high.

[0017] Tracheal intubation is an established procedure to control the airway of patients undergoing certain types of medical procedures. Conventional methods of tracheal intubation include the insertion of a tubular device, such as an endotracheal tube, through the patient’s mouth into the patient’s trachea. The distal end of the endotracheal tube is then positioned over the patient’s carina, allowing air to pass through the tube into the lungs. The tube is usually connected to an air source, such as a ventilator, to mechanically help oxygenate and ventilate the lungs. In order to properly position the endotracheal tube, the medical specialist can use various devices such as laryngoscopes, flexible fiberoptic bronchoscopes or video laryngoscopes to improve viewing angles. The gaps between the outer walls of the endotracheal tube and the trachea must be adequately sealed to create the air pressure necessary to mechanically oxygenate and ventilate the lungs. The passageway can be closed using an inflatable cuff provided around the endotracheal tube near the distal end of the tube. The cuff is usually positioned in the trachea, under the vocal cords and over the carina before the passage is closed. Once the cuff is inflated, it can act as an anchor under the vocal cords to help prevent the displacement of the tube. Although this treatment method has been successful, problems persist. For example, a common problem associated with the use of tracheal tube devices is that the distal end of the tube can become contaminated with flora, mucus, saliva, blood, vomit and contaminants from the patient’s mouth or other sources before or during tube insertion. The contaminated distal end of the tube during intubation can push contaminants into the trachea or main root bronchus, potentially leading to infections such as ventilator-associated pneumonia, and increasing morbidity and mortality, which significantly increases the cost of care for these patients. In the state of the art, patent / utility model documents on the subject of training / education on prenatal diagnostic tests according to the invention are given below.

[0018] The invention entitled “Tracheal Tube Sheath” with publication number

[0019] WO2015013383 A1 relates to a sheath for protecting an endotracheal tube assembly before and during intubating a patient. The sheath includes a proximal end and a distal end, an inner diameter forming an inner elongated portion, an outer diameter forming an outer elongated portion, and a distal deformed, tapered, and / or textured portion. The endotracheal tube is positioned adjacent to the inner elongated portion of the sheath, before and during intubation of a patient.

[0020] The patent application entitled “Cuffed Tracheal Tube” with publication number

[0021] WO2015013377 A2 relates to an endotracheal tube assembly for intubating a patient including a fixed distal cuff and a proximal rolling cuff positionable on a tube having a distal end and a proximal end. The rolling cuff has a single attachment portion along the tube to allow it to roll from the distal end of the tube towards to the proximal end of the tube as it contacts the supraglottic structure and / or vocal cords of a patient. The proximal end of the tube is configured to include an adaptor to connect the tube to a ventilation device that provides an air / oxygen mixture or anesthetic to the patient through the tube.

[0022] REFERENCES

[0023] * Morgan and Mikhail's Clinical Anesthesiology Butterworth John F., Mackey D.C., Wasnick John D., 5th Edition, Page 320

[0024] ** Practice guidelines for management of the difficult airway. A report by the ASA Task for on management of the Difficult Airway. Anesthesiology 78:597-602 1993

[0025] DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION

[0026] The invention relates to a novel endotracheal intubation assembly that facilitates ventilation and intubation procedures to be performed on patients in the field of health, especially in anesthesia departments, and provides a solution to the difficult airway problem with its polyethylene bag.

[0027] An object of the invention is to prevent the patient from being subjected to repeated intubation.

[0028] An object of the invention is to prevent the patient’s larynx from being subjected to trauma.

[0029] An object of the invention is to make the ventilation process faster.

[0030] An object of the invention is to ensure the continuation of breathing by means of a tube inserted into the patient’s trachea via a polyethylene bag.

[0031] An object of the invention is to provide convenience for both the patient and the healthcare professional by facilitating the solution of a difficult airway problem.

[0032] An object of the invention is to increase the possibility of successful intubation in a short time by preventing repeated intubation interventions. In addition, it is among the objects of our invention to minimize the duration of the oxygenation process applied to the patient.

[0033] DRAWINGS

[0034] Fig. 1 : A front view of the Endotracheal Intubation Assembly.

[0035] Description of the Details in the Drawings

[0036] 10. Endotracheal Intubation Assembly

[0037] 1. Activation Button

[0038] 2. Guide Wire

[0039] 3. Polyethylene Bag

[0040] 4. Endotracheal tube cap

[0041] 5. Proximal Portion

[0042] 6. Distal Portion Abbreviations:

[0043] ETT: Endotracheal Tube

[0044] ASA: American Society of Anesthesiologists

[0045] DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION

[0046] The invention relates to a novel endotracheal intubation assembly (10) that facilitates ventilation and intubation procedures to be performed on patients in the field of health, especially in anesthesia departments, and provides a solution to the difficult airway problem with its polyethylene bag.

[0047] The invention is a novel endotracheal intubation assembly (10), which prevents the patient from being subjected to repeated intubation and the larynx from being subjected to trauma, makes the ventilation process faster and ensures the continuation of the patient’s breathing, characterized in that it comprises an activation button (1) which allows the guide wire (2) to pierce the polyethylene bag (3) by the practitioner / user pressing the button after the ETT is inserted into the trachea, thereby allowing airflow into the polyethylene bag (3), an endotracheal tube cap (4) with the integrated activation button (1), a guide wire (2) which serves as a guide for the polyethylene bag (3) to pass smoothly through the trachea and a polyethylene bag (3) made of polyethylene material which allows the suitable tube for the patient to be inserted into the trachea after removal of the guide wire (2).

[0048] The working mechanism of the endotracheal tube assembly (10) according to the invention is as follows: All preparations before the endotracheal intubation procedure are performed in accordance with the endotracheal intubation procedure, but unlike the current practices, a polyethylene bag (3) with a guide wire (2) is applied to the trachea instead of the endotracheal tube in the first stage during intubation. The polyethylene bag (3) inserted into the trachea through a laryngoscope has a very thin structure before entering the lungs as it is negatively pressurized. After entry into the lung, the distal end (6) portion of the polyethylene bag (3) is opened by the practitioner applying pressure on the EET cap and the polyethylene bag (3) expands as the negative pressure system will be inactive after contact with oxygen. After the practitioner removes the guide wire (2), the endotracheal tube of the desired size, suitable for the patient, is easily inserted into the patient’s trachea and the patient’s breathing is ensured.

Claims

CLAIMS1. A novel endotracheal intubation assembly (10), which prevents the patient from being subjected to repeated intubation and the larynx from being subjected to trauma, makes the ventilation process faster and ensures the continuation of the patient’s breathing, characterized in that it comprises an activation button (1) which allows the guide wire (2) to pierce the polyethylene bag (3) by the practitioner / user pressing the button after the ETT is inserted into the trachea, thereby allowing airflow into the polyethylene bag (3), an endotracheal tube cap (4) with the integrated activation button (1), a guide wire (2) which serves as a guide for the polyethylene bag (3) to pass smoothly through the trachea and a polyethylene bag (3) made of polyethylene material which allows the suitable tube for the patient to be inserted into the trachea after removal of the guide wire (2).

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