Device for detecting at least one flaw present in a running system of a railway wagon of a train

Abstract

The invention relates to a device for detecting (1) at least one defect in the running gear of a railway wagon traveling on railway tracks (2; 2'). This detection device (1) comprises: - at least one sensor (4; 4') configured to be fitted to at least one (2; 2') of the railway tracks (2; 2') and to capture at least one vibration wave spectrum (Sc; Sc1; Sc2) at the level of at least one such railway track (2; 2') at least at the moment the running gear passes at least near said at least one sensor (4; 4'); - means for analyzing said at least one vibration wave spectrum captured (Sc; Sc1; Sc2); - means of detecting (6) at least one defect that the bearing system presents, this according to the results of the analysis, by the analysis means (5), of said at least one captured vibration wave spectrum (Sc; Sc1; Sc2).

Description

[0001] The present invention relates to a device for detecting at least one defect in a rolling system of a railway wagon of a train.

[0002] This invention relates to the field of maintenance and repair of railway equipment, more particularly railway wagons which are part of a train, especially the rolling systems which equip such a railway wagon.

[0003] Without being limited to it, the present invention will find a particularly suitable application when it comes to detecting a possible defect in a railway wagon's rolling system, during the operation of such a railway wagon and outside of the control operations to which such a railway wagon is periodically subjected, in particular between two control operations.

[0004] In this regard, it should be noted that such a control operation is carried out periodically, with a periodicity that varies according to the use of railway equipment, more particularly depending on whether the use of railway equipment is considered critical or not.

[0005] Such a control operation consists, in particular, of checking the good condition of the rolling systems of the wagons, more particularly the wheels, axles, bearings, hubs, shock absorbers, including functional clearances, the condition of the bearing boxes or hot boxes.

[0006] Such an inspection must be carried out in a workshop, which requires interrupting the operation of the railway equipment, removing it from the rail network, transporting it to a maintenance workshop that may be quite distant, and even storing it while awaiting inspection and / or afterward, before returning it to service on the rail network once the inspection is complete. Therefore, inspecting a railway wagon requires meticulous organization, rigorous logistics, significant resources (particularly human and material), and a considerable loss of revenue for the railway company.

[0007] Furthermore, although periodic inspections are carried out, defects may appear in a railway wagon's running gear between inspections. Such defects can result from deterioration of the railway network or from an external event, including vandalism, weather events, unforeseen natural phenomena, or other causes. These defects may occur shortly after an inspection and only be detected later during a subsequent inspection, potentially creating a safety hazard for passengers between the onset of the defect and its detection.

[0008] The present invention is intended to remedy, at least in part, the drawbacks of prior art devices.

[0009] In an inventive approach, a detection device has been devised, which is designed to detect at least one defect in a railway wagon's rolling system, which is configured to be implemented in situ, i.e. within the framework of the operation of this railway wagon, and which does not require interrupting the operation of this railway wagon, nor moving this railway wagon to a workshop, or even immobilizing this railway wagon in such a workshop.

[0010] According to another inventive approach, the invention takes advantage of the vibrations which are generated in a rail of a railway track by a railway wagon of a train, during the rolling of the rolling system of this wagon on this rail.

[0011] The invention also relates to a device for detecting at least one defect in the running gear of a railway car on a train traveling on railway tracks. This detection device comprises: at least one sensor which is configured to equip at least one of the railway rails of the railway track and to capture at least one vibration wave spectrum at the level of at least one such railway rail at least at the time of the passage of the rolling system at least near said at least one sensor; analysis means which are configured to analyze said at least one vibration wave spectrum captured; detection means which are configured to detect at least one defect which the rolling system presents, this according to the results of the analysis, by the analysis means, of said at least one vibration wave spectrum captured.

[0012] According to another characteristic, the detection device comprises, on the one hand, at least one first sensor which is configured to equip a first railway rail of the track and to capture at least one first spectrum of vibration waves at the level of this first railway rail at least at the moment of the passage of the running system at least near said at least one first sensor, on the other hand, at least one second sensor which is configured to equip a second railway rail of the track and to capture at least one second spectrum of vibration waves at the level of this second railway rail at least at the moment of the passage of the running system at least near said at least one second sensor, furthermore, the analysis means comprise comparison means which are configured to compare said at least one first spectrum of vibration waves captured and said at least one second spectrum of vibration waves captured and,Furthermore, the detection methods are configured to detect at least one defect in the bearing system, based on the comparison results.

[0013] Another characteristic concerns the fact that, in the detection device, the analysis means include, on the one hand, a database which incorporates at least one reference vibration wave spectrum and, on the other hand, comparison means which are configured to compare said at least one captured vibration wave spectrum with said at least one reference vibration wave spectrum from the database while the detection means are configured to detect at least one defect that the bearing system presents, this according to the result of the comparison, by the comparison means, of said at least one captured vibration wave spectrum with said at least one reference vibration wave spectrum from the database.

[0014] Yet another characteristic relates to the fact that the detection means are configured to detect at least one fault, which the rolling system has, and which is part of a group of faults including a fault which at least one wheel has, a fault which at least one axle has, a fault which at least one hub has, a fault which at least one bearing has or a fault which at least one damping means has.

[0015] The invention also relates to a maintenance assistance system for railway equipment. This system comprises, on the one hand, a device for detecting at least one fault which has at least some of the characteristics described above, on the other hand, time-stamping means which are configured to time-stamp at least one activation of the detection device, on the other hand, means for determining and recording at least one piece of information relating to the train for which the detection device was activated, and, on the other hand, means for correlating the activation of the detection device, the time-stamping of the activation and said at least one piece of information relating to the train.

[0016] Thus, the invention relates to a device for detecting at least one defect in a rolling system of a railway wagon of a train traveling on railway rails of a railway track.

[0017] This detection system comprises at least one sensor configured to be fitted to one of the railway rails and to capture at least one vibration wave spectrum at that rail at least at the instant the rolling system passes at least near said sensor. This detection system advantageously allows for the detection of at least one defect, firstly, by recording a common and easily accessible physical characteristic (at least one vibration wave spectrum), secondly, by implementing a common and easily implemented technology (at least one vibration sensor), and thirdly, by taking a reading at an easily accessible location (on a railway rail), and finally, while maintaining the operation of the railway wagon without causing any operational downtime.

[0018] Moreover, this detection device advantageously allows for the rapid, non-intrusive and non-destructive detection of a defect, but also without requiring lengthy investigations and without requiring dismantling.

[0019] In addition, this detection system offers the advantage of detecting a defect early after it appears and, in any case, before a periodic inspection. This allows for proactive intervention, where necessary, and prevents the defect from worsening or becoming irreparable. This detection system thus also contributes to improving the safety of users and transported goods.

[0020] The present invention also relates to a maintenance aid system for railway equipment. In particular, the implementation of the detection device according to the invention advantageously allows for the detection of a defect before a periodic inspection, which makes it possible, as appropriate, to plan or even anticipate maintenance operations, and also to prepare the resources necessary for carrying out such maintenance. Furthermore, this system advantageously allows for particularly precise targeting of maintenance operations and, thus, to improve the organization and efficiency of maintenance workshops.

[0021] Other objects and advantages of the present invention will become apparent during the following description relating to embodiments which are given only as indicative and non-limiting examples.

[0022] Understanding this description will be facilitated by referring to the attached drawing, in which: [ Fig.1 [ ] represents a schematic, top-down view of a railway track and a detection device conforming to a first embodiment of the invention. Fig.2 ] represents a schematic and top view of a railway track and a detection device according to a second type of embodiment of the invention.

[0023] With reference to the figures in the attached drawings, the present invention relates to the field of maintenance and repair of railway equipment, more particularly railway wagons which are part of a train, in particular the rolling systems which equip such a railway wagon.

[0024] The invention relates, then, to a detection device 1 which is configured to detect at least one defect in a rolling system (not shown) comprising a railway wagon of a train which runs on railway rails (2; 2') comprising a railway track 3.

[0025] This detection device 1 includes at least one sensor (4; 4') which is configured to equip at least one (2; 2') of the railway rails (2; 2') of the railway track 3 and to capture at least one spectrum of vibration waves (Sc; Sc1; Sc2) at the level of at least one such railway rail (2; 2'), this at least at the time of the passage of the rolling system at least near said at least one sensor (4; 4').

[0026] In this regard, it will be observed that such a spectrum of vibratory waves (Sc; Sc1; Sc2) corresponds, more particularly, to a spectrum of vibratory waves generated at the level of a railway rail (2; 2'), more particularly inside such a railway rail (2; 2'), this by the rolling of a rolling system of a railway wagon on such a railway rail (2; 2').

[0027] This detection device 1 also includes analysis means 5 which are configured to analyze said at least one captured vibration wave spectrum (Sc; Sc1; Sc2).

[0028] Finally, this detection device 1 includes detection means 6 which are configured to detect at least one defect that the bearing system presents, based on the results of the analysis, by the analysis means 5, of said at least one captured vibration wave spectrum (Sc; Sc1; Sc2).

[0029] As mentioned above, the detection device 1 includes at least one sensor (4; 4') which is configured to equip at least one (2; 2') of the railway rails (2; 2') of the railway track 3.

[0030] Also, and according to a first type of illustrated realization figure 1 The detection device 1 comprises, on the one hand, at least one first sensor 4 which is configured to equip a first railway rail 2 of the railway track 3 and to capture at least one first vibration wave spectrum Sc1 at the level of this first railway rail 2, this at least at the moment of the passing of the rolling system at least near said at least one first sensor 4. On the other hand, this detection device 1 comprises at least one second sensor 4' which is configured to equip a second railway rail 2' of the railway track 3 and to capture at least one second vibration wave spectrum Sc2 at the level of this second railway rail 2', this at least at the moment of the passing of the rolling system at least near said at least one second sensor 4'.

[0031] In this detection device 1, the analysis means 5 include comparison means 50 which are configured to compare said at least a first vibration wave spectrum captured Sc1 and said at least a second vibration wave spectrum captured Sc2.

[0032] In this detection device 1, the detection means 6 are configured to detect at least one defect that the bearing system presents, according to the result of the comparison carried out by the comparison means 50.

[0033] In this regard, it will be observed that these detection means 6 are, then, more particularly, configured to detect a defect that the bearing system presents, this when the comparison means 50 (which these analysis means 5 include) identify a difference between said at least a first vibration wave spectrum captured Sc1 and said at least a second vibration wave spectrum captured Sc2.

[0034] As mentioned above, the detection device 1 includes at least one sensor (4; 4') which is configured to capture at least one vibration wave spectrum (Sc; Sc1; Sc2) at the level of at least one railway rail (2; 2') at least at the time of the passing of the rolling system at least near said at least one sensor (4; 4').

[0035] Also, according to a second type of illustrated realization figure 2In the detection device 1, the analysis means 5 comprise, on the one hand, a database 51 which incorporates at least one reference vibration wave spectrum (Sr1; Sr2; Sr3) and, on the other hand, comparison means 50 which are configured to compare said at least one captured vibration wave spectrum Sc with said at least one reference vibration wave spectrum (Sr1; Sr2; Sr3) from the database 51. In this detection device 1, the detection means 6 are then configured to detect at least one defect that the bearing system presents, based on the result of the comparison, carried out by the comparison means 50, of said at least one captured vibration wave spectrum Sc with said at least one reference vibration wave spectrum (Sr1; Sr2; Sr3) from the database 51.

[0036] According to a first embodiment of this second type of embodiment, in the detection device 1, on the one hand, the database 51 incorporates a reference vibration wave spectrum Sr1 corresponding to a bearing system free of defects. On the other hand, in this detection device 1, the comparison means 50 are configured to compare said at least one captured vibration wave spectrum Sc with said reference vibration wave spectrum Sr1 from the database 51. Furthermore, the detection means 6 are then configured to detect a defect in the bearing system when the comparison means 50 identify a difference between said at least one captured vibration wave spectrum Sc and the reference vibration wave spectrum Sr1.

[0037] According to a second embodiment of this second type of embodiment, said database 51 may incorporate a reference vibration wave spectrum Sr1 corresponding to a bearing system exhibiting a specific type of defect (more particularly, from a group of defects that will be described in more detail below). In such a case, the comparison means 50 are configured to compare said at least one captured vibration wave spectrum Sc with said reference vibration wave spectrum Sr1 from database 51. Also in this case, the detection means 6 are configured to detect the type of defect exhibited by the bearing system when the comparison means 50 identify a match between said at least one captured vibration wave spectrum Sc and the reference vibration wave spectrum Sr1.

[0038] However, according to a preferred embodiment of this second type of embodiment, the database 51 incorporates a plurality of reference vibration wave spectra (Sr1; Sr2; Sr3), each corresponding to a type of defect (more specifically, from a group of defects that will be described in more detail below) that the bearing system is likely to exhibit. The comparison means 50 are then configured to compare said at least one captured vibration wave spectrum Sc with the plurality of reference vibration wave spectra (Sr1; Sr2; Sr3) in the database 51.Finally, the detection means 6 are configured to detect at least one type of defect that the bearing system presents, based on the result of the comparison carried out by the comparison means 50, more particularly based on the result of the comparison of said at least one vibration wave spectrum captured Sc with the plurality of reference vibration wave spectra (Sr1; Sr2; Sr3) from the database 51.

[0039] In this regard, it will be observed that, more precisely, the detection means 6 can be configured to detect at least one defect (more particularly among a group of defects) that the bearing system presents, this when the comparison means 50 identify at least one correspondence between said at least one captured vibration wave spectrum (Sc) and at least one reference vibration wave spectrum (Sr1; Sr2; Sr3) from the database 51, more particularly which corresponds to such a defect.

[0040] As mentioned above, the detection means 6 are configured to detect at least one fault that the bearing system has.

[0041] In this regard, it will be observed that the said at least one defect is, then, part of a group of defects including a defect that at least one wheel has, a defect that at least one axle has, a defect that at least one hub has, a defect that at least one bearing has or a defect that at least one damping means has.

[0042] As mentioned above, the detection device 1 includes at least one sensor (4; 4') which is configured to capture at least one vibration wave spectrum (Sc; Sc1; Sc2) at the level of at least one railway rail (2; 2'), this at least at the time of the passing of the rolling system at least near said at least one sensor (4; 4').

[0043] In this regard, it should be noted that such a sensor (4; 4') can then be configured to capture at least one frequency and at least one amplitude that corresponds, more specifically, to that frequency. This at least one frequency and this at least one amplitude (which corresponds, more specifically, to that frequency) then correspond to the at least one spectrum of vibrational waves captured (Sc; Sc1; Sc2), which is, more specifically, at least one such amplitude as a function of at least one such frequency.

[0044] As mentioned above, the analysis means 5 (which the detection device 1 includes) include comparison means 50.

[0045] In this regard, it will be observed that, according to a first embodiment (corresponding, more particularly, to the first type of embodiment described above), such comparison means 50 can then be configured to compare, on the one hand, at least one frequency and at least one amplitude (more particularly which corresponds to such a frequency) which is presented by said at least a first vibration wave spectrum Sc1 captured at the level of the first railway rail 2 of the railway track 3 and, on the other hand, at least one frequency and at least one amplitude (more particularly which corresponds to such a frequency) which is presented by said at least a second vibration wave spectrum Sc2 captured at the level of the second railway rail 2' of the railway track 3. Such comparison means 50 then correspond, more particularly, to the first type of embodiment described above.

[0046] According to a second embodiment (corresponding, more particularly, to the second type of embodiment described above), the comparison means 50 can be configured to compare, on the one hand, at least one frequency and at least one amplitude (more particularly which corresponds to such a frequency) which is present in at least one vibration wave spectrum Sc captured at the level of at least one railway rail (2; 2') and, on the other hand, at least one frequency and at least one amplitude (which corresponds to such a frequency) which is present in at least one reference vibration wave spectrum (Sr1; Sr2; Sr3) from the database (51).

[0047] As mentioned above, the detection device 1 includes at least one sensor (4; 4') which is configured to equip at least one (2; 2') of the railway rails (2; 2') of the railway track (3) and to capture at least one spectrum of vibration waves (Sc; Sc1; Sc2) at the level of at least one such railway rail (2; 2') at least at the time of the passage of the rolling system at least near said at least one sensor (4; 4').

[0048] In this regard, it will be noted that, according to another characteristic, the detection device 1 may include at least one pair of sensors (4; 4'). The sensors (4; 4') of such a pair of sensors (4; 4') are configured, on the one hand, to equip one (2; 2') of the railway rails (2; 2') of the railway track (3), on the other hand, to be installed at a determined distance from each other (such a distance being between 5 and 15 meters, preferably on the order of 10 meters) and, on the other hand, to capture, each, at least one spectrum of vibration waves (Sc1; Sc2) at the level of such a railway rail (2; 2') at least at the moment of the passage of the rolling system at least near such a sensor (4; 4').

[0049] In this detection device 1, the analysis means 5 include comparison means 50 which are configured to compare said at least one vibration wave spectrum Sc1 captured by one of the sensors (4; 4') of the pair of sensors (4; 4') with said at least one vibration wave spectrum Sc2 captured by the other sensor (4; 4') of the pair of sensors (4; 4').

[0050] These characteristics advantageously allow validation of the relevance of said at least one vibration wave spectrum Sc1 captured by one of the sensors (4; 4') of the pair of sensors (4; 4') and / or of said at least one vibration wave spectrum Sc2 captured by the other sensor (4; 4') of the pair of sensors (4; 4'), this according to the result of the comparison carried out by the comparison means 50, more particularly in the case of correspondence between these two vibration wave spectra (Sc1; Sc2) captured.

[0051] The detection device 1 can then, if the relevance is validated, be configured to retain said at least one vibration wave spectrum Sc1 captured by one of the sensors (4; 4') of the pair of sensors (4; 4') and / or said at least one vibration wave spectrum Sc2 captured by the other sensor (4; 4') of the pair of sensors (4; 4'), in order to detect at least one defect that a bearing system presents in accordance with the first or second type of embodiment mentioned above.

[0052] As mentioned above, said at least one sensor (4; 4') is configured to equip at least one (2; 2') of the railway rails (2; 2') of the railway track (3) and to capture at least one spectrum of vibration waves (Sc; Sc1; Sc2) at the level of at least one such railway rail (2; 2') at least at the time of the passage of the rolling system at least near said at least one sensor (4; 4').

[0053] According to another characteristic, said at least one sensor (4; 4') is configured to capture, on the one hand, at least one first vibration wave spectrum Sc1 at the level of at least one such railway rail (2; 2'), at the instant the rolling system passes at least near said at least one sensor (4; 4'). Said at least one first vibration wave spectrum Sc1 captured can then be at least one instantaneous vibration wave spectrum Sc1 captured.

[0054] Furthermore, said at least one sensor (4; 4') is configured to capture at least one second vibration wave spectrum Sc2 at the level of such a railway rail (2; 2'), this with a time delay relative to the passage of the rolling system at least near said at least one sensor (4; 4'). Such a sensor (4; 4') is, then, configured to capture such vibration wave spectrum Sc2 before or (and preferably) after the passage of the rolling system at least near said at least one sensor (4; 4'), more particularly after a determined time interval before or (and preferably) after the passage of the rolling system at least near said at least one sensor (4; 4'). Said at least one second vibration wave spectrum Sc2 captured can, then, be at least one second vibration wave spectrum Sc2 captured during propagation.

[0055] In such a case, the analysis means 5 include comparison means 50 which are configured to compare said at least one first vibration wave spectrum Sc1 captured (more particularly, said at least one first instantaneous vibration wave spectrum Sc1 captured) with said at least one second vibration wave spectrum Sc2 captured (more particularly said at least one second vibration wave spectrum Sc2 captured during propagation).

[0056] These characteristics advantageously allow validation of the relevance of said at least one first vibration wave spectrum Sc1 captured (more particularly, of said at least one first instantaneous vibration wave spectrum Sc1 captured) and / or of said at least one second vibration wave spectrum Sc2 captured (more particularly of said at least one second vibration wave spectrum Sc2 captured during propagation), this according to the result of the comparison carried out by the comparison means 50, more particularly in the case of correspondence between these two vibration wave spectra (Sc1; Sc2) captured (instantaneous and during propagation).

[0057] The detection device 1 can then, if the relevance is validated, be configured to retain said at least one first vibration wave spectrum Sc1 captured (more particularly, said at least one first instantaneous vibration wave spectrum Sc1 captured) and / or said at least one second vibration wave spectrum Sc2 captured (more particularly, said at least one second vibration wave spectrum Sc2 captured during propagation), in order to detect at least one defect in a bearing system in accordance with the first or second type of embodiment mentioned above.

[0058] According to another feature, the detection device 1 may further include fastening means which are configured to fix said at least one sensor (4; 4') on at least one (2; 2') of the railway rails (2; 2') of the railway track (3), these fastening means being of the magnetic type.

[0059] Such fixing means advantageously allow such a sensor (4; 4') to be fixed on such a railway rail (2; 2'), without intrusion on or into such a railway rail (2; 2') and / or without causing damage to such a railway rail (2; 2').

[0060] The invention also relates to a maintenance assistance installation for railway equipment.

[0061] This installation includes, on the one hand, a detection device 1 for at least one fault which has at least some of the characteristics described above.

[0062] On the other hand, this installation includes time-stamping means which are configured to time-stamp at least one implementation of the detection device 1, more particularly the results of the implementation of this detection device 1, including a fault detected during the implementation of this detection device 1.

[0063] Furthermore, this installation includes means to determine and record at least one piece of information relating to the train for which the detection device 1 has been implemented (more specifically for which said at least one fault is detected).

[0064] Finally, this installation includes means to correlate the implementation of detection device 1 (more particularly the results of this implementation, including the detection of said at least one fault), the timestamp of the implementation and said at least one piece of information relating to the train.

[0065] Thus, this installation includes means to determine and record at least one piece of information relating to the train for which detection device 1 has been implemented.

[0066] In this regard, it should be noted that said at least one piece of information may include the number of the train for which at least one fault is detected.

[0067] Alternatively or (and preferably) additionally, said at least one piece of information may include the order number of the wagon in the train for which said at least one defect is detected.

[0068] Alternatively or (and preferably) additionally, said information may include the axle number of the wagon or the axle number of the train for which at least one defect is detected.

[0069] Finally, said at least one piece of information may include the element (more specifically the wheel, axle, bearing and / or shock absorber) of the rolling system (more specifically of the train car) for which at least one defect is detected.

Claims

1. A detection device (1) for at least one defect in a rolling system of a railway wagon of a train running on railway rails (2; 2') of a railway track (3), this detection device (1) comprises: - at least one sensor (4; 4') which is configured to equip at least one (2; 2') of the railway rails (2; 2') of the railway track (3) and to capture at least one spectrum of vibration waves (Sc; Sc1; Sc2) at the level of at least one such railway rail (2; 2') at least at the time of the passing of the rolling system at least near said at least one sensor (4; 4'); - analysis means (5), which are configured to analyze said at least one captured vibration wave spectrum (Sc; Sc1; Sc2), and which comprise, on the one hand, a database (51) which incorporates at least one reference vibration wave spectrum (Sr1; Sr2;Sr3) and, on the other hand, comparison means (50) which are configured to compare said at least one captured vibration wave spectrum (Sc) with said at least one reference vibration wave spectrum (Sr1; Sr2; Sr3) from the database (51); - detection means (6) which are configured to detect at least one defect that the bearing system presents, this according to the results of the analysis, by the analysis means (5), of said at least one captured vibration wave spectrum (Sc; Sc1; Sc2) and according to the result of the comparison, by the comparison means (50), of said at least one captured vibration wave spectrum (Sc) with said at least one reference vibration wave spectrum (Sr1; Sr2; Sr3) from the database (51).; 2. Detection device (1) according to claim 1, characterized by the fact thaton the one hand, the database (51) incorporates a reference vibration wave spectrum (Sr1) which corresponds to a bearing system free of defects, on the other hand, the comparison means (50) are configured to compare said at least one captured vibration wave spectrum (Sc) with said reference vibration wave spectrum (Sr1) of the database (51) and, on the other hand, the detection means (6) are configured to detect a defect that the bearing system presents, this when the comparison means (50) identify a difference between said at least one captured vibration wave spectrum (Sc) and the reference vibration wave spectrum (Sr1).

3. Detection device (1) according to claim 1, characterized by the fact thatOn the one hand, the database (51) incorporates a plurality of reference vibration wave spectra (Sr1; Sr2; Sr3) which each correspond to a type of defect that the bearing system is likely to exhibit; on the other hand, the comparison means (50) are configured to compare said at least one captured vibration wave spectrum (Sc) with the plurality of reference vibration wave spectra (Sr1; Sr2; Sr3) of the database (51); and on the other hand, the detection means (6) are configured to detect at least one type of defect that the bearing system exhibits, according to the result of the comparison carried out by the comparison means (50).

4. Detection device (1) according to claim 3, characterized by the fact thatthe detection means (6) detect at least one defect that the bearing system presents, this when the comparison means (50) identify at least one correspondence between said at least one captured vibration wave spectrum (Sc) and at least one reference vibration wave spectrum (Sr1; Sr2; Sr3) from the database (51).

5. Detection device (1) according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized by the fact that the detection means (6) are configured to detect at least one defect, which the rolling system has, and which is part of a group of defects including a defect which at least one wheel has, a defect which at least one axle has, a defect which at least one hub has, a defect which at least one bearing has or a defect which at least one damping means has.

6. Detection device (1) according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized by the fact thatsaid at least one sensor (4; 4') is configured to capture at least one frequency and at least one amplitude of such frequency, said at least one frequency and said at least one amplitude correspond to said at least one spectrum of vibrational waves captured (Sc; Sc1; Sc2).

7. Detection device (1) according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized by the fact that the means of comparison (50) compare, on the one hand, at least one frequency and at least one amplitude which is present in at least one vibration wave spectrum (Sc) captured at the level of at least one railway rail (2; 2') and, on the other hand, at least one frequency and at least one amplitude which is present in at least one reference vibration wave spectrum (Sr1; Sr2; Sr3) from the database (51).

8. Detection device (1) according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized by the fact thatIt includes fastening means which are configured to fix said at least one sensor (4; 4') on at least one (2; 2') of the railway rails (2; 2') of the railway track (3), these fastening means being of the magnetic type.

9. Railway equipment maintenance assistance installation, this installation comprises, on the one hand, a device for detecting (1) at least one fault in accordance with any one of the preceding claims, on the other hand, time-stamping means which are configured to time-stamp at least one implementation of the detection device (1), on the other hand, means for determining and recording at least one piece of information relating to the train for which the detection device (1) has been implemented and, on the other hand, also means for correlating the implementation of the detection device (1), the time-stamping of the implementation and said at least one piece of information relating to the train.

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