Aid for introducing a dental implant into a jaw bone, and pre-assembled unit consisting of such an aid and of a dental implant

Abstract

The invention relates to an aid for introducing a dental implant (1.1÷ 1.9) into a jaw bone by applying a screwing movement to the dental implant (1.1 ÷ 1.9), which has a receiving space intended for securing an abutment. The aid (2.1 ÷ 2.9) is rod-shaped along its longitudinal axis (3) and has a proximal end portion (13), which is able to be brought into engagement with the dental implant (1.1 ÷ 1.9), and a distal end portion (14) opposite the proximal end portion (13), wherein first means (24.1 ÷ 24.9) for transmitting a torsional force to the dental implant (1.1 ÷ 1.9) are arranged in the region of the proximal end portion (13). To be able, if necessary, to remove a dental implant (1.1 ÷ 1.9) from the maxillary sinus or to correct the position of the dental implant (1.1 ÷ 1.9) in the jaw bone, it is proposed according to the invention that second means (27.1 ÷ 27.9) for transmitting a tensile force between the aid (2.1 ÷ 2.9) and the dental implant (1.1 ÷ 1.9) are provided in the region of the proximal end portion (13). The invention further relates to a unit consisting of a dental implant (1.1 ÷ 1.9) and of such an aid (2.1 ÷2.9), which are connectable to each other via the first means (24.1 ÷ 24.9) and second means (27.1 ÷ 27.9).

Description

[0001] Description

[0002] Title of the invention

[0003] AID FOR INSERTING A DENTAL IMPLANT INTO A JAWBONE AND PREASSEMBLED UNIT CONSISTING OF SUCH AID AND A DENTAL IMPLANT

[0004] field of technology

[0005] The invention relates to an aid for inserting a dental implant into a jawbone by applying a screwing movement to the dental implant. The aid has a rod-shaped configuration along an axis and a proximal end portion that can be brought into engagement with the dental implant, and a distal end portion opposite the proximal end portion. First means for transmitting a torsional force to the dental implant are arranged in the region of the proximal end portion. Furthermore, the invention relates to a prefabricated unit comprising such an aid and a dental implant.

[0006] State of the art

[0007] Implant systems are widely used in the field of dental implantology. They typically comprise a dental implant that is anchored in a patient's jawbone, and an abutment that can be attached to the dental implant and serves as a support for a dental prosthesis or similar device. To insert the dental implant into the jawbone, a hole is first drilled into the jawbone, into which the dental implant is screwed or tapped, either self-tapping or non-self-tapping, until the exact position is reached in the jawbone. The torque required for the screwing process is applied to the dental implant using a rod-shaped insertion tool. For this purpose, the insertion tool has an outer contour on its proximal end, for example a triangle, hexagon, or hexalobe, which engages positively with a corresponding recess on the dental implant.A rotary drive is connected to the distal end of the insertion tool, which generates the pressure and screwing force required for insertion.

[0008] If the jawbone does not provide sufficient support for the dental implant, for example, due to insufficient bone density, there is a risk that the dental implant will be screwed too far into the hole when inserted or that it will collapse into the maxillary sinus. In this case, unscrewing the dental implant is only possible as long as the external thread of the dental implant is firmly connected to the jawbone. Otherwise, the dental implant will remain in the maxillary sinus when the insertion tool is withdrawn and can only be removed surgically. This is an event that should be avoided if possible for both the patient and the treating dentist.

[0009] Furthermore, with conventional insertion tools, there is a risk that the dental implant could detach from the insertion tool before it has been inserted into the jawbone, fall to the floor, and thus no longer be sterile. If the dental implant falls into a patient's throat, there is a risk that it could enter the esophagus or trachea, causing complications.

[0010] Although there is considerable interest on the part of dentists and patients in ensuring that dental implants sit securely on the insertion tool and can be removed from the jawbone or maxillary sinus in an emergency, or their position can be corrected, no satisfactory solution for these problems is known from the state of the art.

[0011] Summary of the invention

[0012] Against this background, the object of the invention is to provide an aid for inserting dental implants into a jawbone, which, if necessary, enables the removal of the dental implant from the maxillary sinus or a correction of the position of the dental implant in the jawbone without surgical intervention.

[0013] A further object of the invention is to prevent the dental implant from becoming detached from the insertion tool before it has been inserted into the jawbone. These objects are achieved by an aid for inserting a dental implant into a jawbone by applying a screwing movement to the dental implant, which aid has a receiving space intended for fastening an abutment, wherein the aid has a rod-shaped configuration along its longitudinal axis and has a proximal end section that can be brought into engagement with the dental implant, and a distal end section opposite the proximal end section, wherein first means for transmitting a torsional force to the dental implant are arranged in the region of the proximal end section, and second means for transmitting a tensile force between the aid and the dental implant are arranged in the region of the proximal end section.

[0014] Furthermore, these objects are achieved by a unit comprising a dental implant and such an aid, wherein the dental implant and the aid can be connected to one another via the first means and second means.

[0015] Advantageous further training results from the subclaims.

[0016] The invention is based on the fundamental idea of ​​expanding the functionality of known insertion tools so that they can not only be used to insert a dental implant into a jawbone, but also to remove it again if necessary. The inventive further development of known insertion tools creates an aid that combines the two functions of "inserting a dental implant" and "removing a dental implant" or "correcting the position of a dental implant" as long as the dental implant has not yet grown in. It has been recognized that the known connection between the dental implant and the insertion tool, based on a positive fit for this purpose, needs to be supplemented with the ability to transmit tensile forces. Both functions are then available for removing or correcting the position of a dental implant, and their interaction ensures the desired success.

[0017] A resulting advantage is that, in an emergency, the dentist can remove the dental implant immediately during the dental treatment, without the need for surgery. The physical and psychological stress for both the patient and the treating physician thus remains comparatively low, and the costs of removing the dental implant remain reasonable.

[0018] The dual function of an aid according to the invention proves to be particularly advantageous, since the aid is already force-locked to the dental implant when an emergency occurs and is therefore immediately ready for use in an emergency.

[0019] A further advantage of the invention is evident when removing a dental implant from its sterile packaging prior to its insertion into the jawbone. Since the dental implant is removed using the tool, the traction-transmitting connection prevents the dental implant from accidentally coming loose or falling before it is inserted into the jawbone, which would render it sterile and therefore unusable. It also prevents the risk of the patient swallowing or aspirating the dental implant.

[0020] Without being limited thereto, the invention is explained in more detail below with reference to several exemplary embodiments illustrated in the drawings, wherein further features and advantages of the invention will become apparent. Identical reference numerals are used for identical or functionally equivalent features wherever possible.

[0021] Short description of the drawings

[0022] It shows

[0023] Fig. 1a and 1b a first embodiment of an aid according to the invention in longitudinal and cross-sectional view,

[0024] Fig. 2a and 2b a second embodiment of an aid according to the invention in longitudinal and cross-sectional view,

[0025] Fig. 3a and 3b a third embodiment of an aid according to the invention in

[0026] Longitudinal and cross-sectional view, Fig. 3c a variant of the aid shown in Figs. 3a and 3b in a partial longitudinal section,

[0027] Fig. 4a and 4b a fourth embodiment of an aid according to the invention in longitudinal and cross-sectional views,

[0028] Fig. 5a and 5b show a fifth embodiment of an aid according to the invention in longitudinal and cross-sectional views,

[0029] Fig. 6a and 6b a sixth embodiment of an aid according to the invention in longitudinal and cross-sectional view,

[0030] Fig. 7a and 7b a seventh embodiment of an aid according to the invention in longitudinal and cross-sectional view

[0031] Fig. 8a and 8b an eighth embodiment of an aid according to the invention in longitudinal and cross-sectional view, and

[0032] Fig. 9a and 9b a ninth embodiment of an aid according to the invention in longitudinal and cross-sectional views.

[0033] Description of the embodiments

[0034] The terms "apical" and "coronal" used below refer to the dental implant 1 and denote a position or direction associated with the jawbone or a position or direction associated with the dental prosthesis to be attached to the dental implant 1. The terms "proximal" and "distal" are used in connection with the aid 2 according to the invention and denote a position or direction associated with the dental implant 1 or a position or direction facing away from the dental implant 1.

[0035] Figs. 1a to 9b show various embodiments of an aid 2.1 to 2.9 according to the invention, all of which are characterized by the ability to transmit, in addition to the torque required for screwing in a dental implant 1, sufficient tensile forces to the dental implant 1 in order to safely and reliably remove it from the jawbone or maxillary sinus, if necessary, or to correct its position. The dental implants 1.1 to 1.9 of the different embodiments are largely identical, so that the description regarding identical features applies to all embodiments without explicitly repeating them each time.

[0036] The embodiments according to the invention according to Figs. 1a to 5b have in common that the dental implants 1.1 to 1.5 have an axially extending threaded bore for transmitting a tensile force, into which the auxiliary means 2.1 to 2.5 can be screwed with a threaded section as second means 27.1 to 27.5. The auxiliary means 2.6 to 2.9 according to the invention according to Figs. 6a to 9b, on the other hand, relate to embodiments in which a locking with radially extending recesses in the receiving space 7 is effected by means of radially adjustable second means 27.6 to 27.9, which is suitable for transmitting tensile forces between the auxiliary means 2.1 to 2.9 and dental implants 1.6 to 1.9.

[0037] Figs. 1a and 1b show, in a first embodiment of the invention, a dental implant 1.1 and an inventive aid 2.1, which are shown separated from one another along their common longitudinal axis 3. For their intended use, the dental implant 1.1 and aid 2.1 are axially joined and connected, whereby both torsional forces and tensile forces can be transmitted in the connection area.

[0038] The dental implant 1.1 extending along the axis 3 has an approximately cone- or dowel-shaped configuration with an apical end 4 intended for anchoring in a jawbone and a coronal end 5 serving for the frictional attachment of an abutment (not shown in detail). Approximately over half of its axial length, the dental implant 1.1 tapers towards the apical end 4 and, in this area, has threads 6 running around the outer circumference, by means of which the dental implant 1.1 can be screwed into a jawbone. In the present case, the dental implant 1.1 consists of a ceramic material such as zirconium oxide ceramic or a metal such as titanium, titanium oxide, or a titanium alloy.

[0039] Along the axis 3, the dental implant 1.1 has a receiving space 7 extending from the coronal end 5 for receiving an abutment (not shown in detail). The receiving space 7 is essentially symmetrical to the axis 3 and ends in the manner of a blind hole at an axial distance from the apical end 4. In the axial direction, the receiving space 7 is subdivided into several coaxially successive functional sections and begins, starting from the coronal end 5, with a conical section 8 whose circumferential contour tapers conically towards the apical end 4. Adjoining this in the apical direction is a cylindrical form-fitting section 9 which, in the present exemplary embodiment, is formed by a coaxially extending hexagon socket 10, but can also have other cross-sectional shapes, provided these are suitable for transmitting torsional forces with respect to the axis 3.In the apical direction, the form-fitting section 9 transitions into an anchoring section 11, which in this embodiment is provided with an internal thread 12 along its axial length. The anchoring section 11 is intended to clamp the abutment inserted into the receiving space 7 of the dental implant 1.1 against the dental implant 1.1 by means of a screw engaging the internal thread 12 when attaching the dental prosthesis to the dental implant 1.1.

[0040] The aid 2.1 has a rod-shaped configuration with a proximal end 13, which is assigned to the dental implant 1.1, and a distal end 14 opposite it, wherein the longitudinal extension direction of the aid 2.1 runs parallel to the axis 3. The aid 2.1 is designed in several parts with a cylindrical part 15.1 with a circular cross-section and a hollow cylindrical part 16.1, wherein the cylindrical part 15.1 is positively received in the hollow cylindrical part 16 and is mounted therein for rotation about the axis 3.

[0041] The hollow cylindrical part 16.1 has a jacket sleeve 17.1 coaxial with the axis 3, into which a bearing bush 18 is coaxially inserted in a non-displaceable and rotationally fixed manner, which in turn has a through-channel 19.1 drilled coaxially with the axis 3 over its entire length. At the proximal end 13, the jacket sleeve 17.1 has an inwardly facing circumferential collar 20 which reduces the size of the frontal jacket sleeve opening 21 at the proximal end 13. The bearing bush 18 maintains a clear axial distance from the proximal end 13 of the jacket sleeve 17.1, forming a circular cylindrical cavity 22, which serves to accommodate the cylindrical part 15.1. The opposite distal end 14 of the bearing bush 18 has a head 23 with a connection geometry that allows the attachment of a rotary drive with which the complete hollow cylindrical part 16.1 can be set in rotation about the axis 3. The outer circumference of the hollow cylindrical part 16.1 has, at least in the region of the proximal end 13, first means 24.1 for transmitting a torsional force to the dental implant 1.1. For this purpose, the outer circumference is adapted to the geometry of the form-fitting section 9 of the dental implant 1.1, in that the outer circumference of the hollow cylindrical part 16.1 has the cross-sectional contour of a correspondingly shaped external hexagon 25. The circumferential free edge at the proximal end 13 of the hollow cylindrical part 16.1 can also be chamfered to facilitate threading the aid 2.1 into the dental implant 1.1.

[0042] The cylindrical part 15.1 of the auxiliary device 2.1 has a bolt 26.1 aligned coaxially with the axis 3, which is rotatably arranged with its larger diameter longitudinal section within the cavity 22 and is held axially between the collar 20 and the bearing bush 18. The smaller diameter longitudinal section of the bolt 26.1 passes axially through the casing sleeve opening 21 and carries at its proximal end second means 27.1 for transmitting a tensile force between the auxiliary device 2.1 and the dental implant 1.1. In the present embodiment, the second means 27.1 are formed by an external thread 28, with which the cylindrical part 15.1 can be screwed into the internal thread 12 of the dental implant 1.1. From the opposite rear side of the bolt 26.1, a pin 29.1 protrudes coaxially to the axis 3, which is rigidly connected to the bolt 26, for example by soldering, gluing, screwing, etc. The pin 29.1 is rotatable in the through-channel 19.1 of the bearing bush 18 and extends beyond its distal end 14. The cylindrical part 15.1 is thus freely rotatably received in the hollow cylindrical part 16.1.

[0043] For its intended use, the tool 2.1 is inserted with its proximal end 13 into the receiving space 7 of the dental implant 1.1. By manually turning the pin 29.1 at its protruding free end, the bolt 26.1 with its external thread 28 is screwed into the anchoring section 11, as symbolized by the arrow 30. By supporting the bolt 26.1 on the collar 20 of the jacket sleeve 17.1, the hollow cylindrical part 16.1 is retracted with its proximal end 13 into the form-fitting section 9, whereby the first means 24.1 in the form of the external hexagon 25 engages positively with the internal hexagon 10 of the dental implant 1.1. In this state, the transmission of a torsional force to the dental implant 1.1 is ensured via the external hexagon 25 as the first means 24.1, and the transmission of a tensile force to the dental implant 1.1 via the external thread 28 as the second means 27.1. The screwing in or out of the dental implant 1.1 in or outfrom a jawbone is carried out by generating a rotary movement 31 of the hollow cylindrical part 16, for which purpose a rotary drive (not shown) can be plugged onto the head 23 in a known manner.

[0044] The second embodiment according to Figs. 2a and 2b differs from the first embodiment only in partial areas of the cylindrical part 15.2, whose pin 19.2 in the second embodiment is not rigidly and permanently connected to the bolt 26.2, but rather is positively and detachably inserted with its proximal end into a coaxial blind hole 32 in the bolt 26.2. The torsional force-transmitting positive connection is achieved via complementary cross-sections of the axially overlapping sections, such as square, hexagon, star shape, and the like. Furthermore, the pin 19.2 has a thickened portion 34 at its protruding distal end to facilitate gripping and rotating the pin 19.2. The detachable plug connection allows axial removal of the pin 19.2 from the auxiliary device 2.2 after the tensile connection of the auxiliary device 2.2 to the dental implant 1.2 has been established via the second means 27 as described above.This facilitates the coupling of a rotary drive to the head 23 of the hollow cylindrical part 16, and the handling of the aid 2.2 in the oral cavity of a patient during the screwing in of the dental implant 1.2 is not hindered by the protruding part of the pin 19.2. For further details, please refer to the explanations in Figs. 1a and 1b.

[0045] The subject of Figs. 3a and 3b is a third embodiment of an aid 2.3 according to the invention for inserting a dental implant 1.3. The dental implant 1.3 is identical to the dental implant 1.1, so that the statements there apply accordingly.

[0046] The auxiliary device 2.3 is again constructed in several parts, comprising a hollow cylindrical part 16.3 and a rotationally secured cylindrical part 15.3 mounted axially displaceably therein. The hollow cylindrical part 16.3 essentially consists of a casing sleeve 17.3 with an outer circumference in the form of an external hexagon 25, which, as described in Figs. 1a and 2a, embodies the first means 24.3 for transmitting a torsional force to the dental implant 1.3. The inner circumference 33 of the casing sleeve 17.3 follows the outer circumference and consequently also has a hexagonal cross-section, which extends over the entire length of the casing sleeve 17.3 and thus defines a through-channel 19.3 with a constant cross-section. A knurled annular disc 35 is seated coaxially and rotationally on the distal end of the casing sleeve 17.3.

[0047] The cylindrical part 15.3 essentially consists of a bolt 26.3, at whose proximal end 13 the second means 27.3 are arranged in the form of an external thread 28, and at whose distal end a head 23 for coupling to a rotary drive is arranged. In this respect, there is agreement with the previously described embodiments. Differences exist in the design of the bolt 26.3 in the region of its shaft 36, which extends between the proximal end 13 and the distal end 14. There, the bolt 26.3 has a constant cross-section with an outer circumference 37 that is complementary to the inner circumference 33 of the casing sleeve 17.3; in the present embodiment, this means that the outer circumference 37 also has a hexagonal cross-section. The positive connection between the inner circumference 33 and the outer circumference 37 forms an anti-twist device that prevents relative twisting between the hollow cylindrical part 16.3 and the cylindrical part 15.3 and thus enables the transmission of torsional forces between these parts. However, an axial adjustment of the hollow cylindrical part 16.3 on the cylindrical part 15.3 in the direction of arrow 38 is possible. To prevent an unintentional axial adjustment of the hollow cylindrical part 16.3 on the cylindrical part 15.3, a frictional engagement element 60 can be arranged, for example, in a recess on the inner circumference 33 of the hollow cylindrical part 16.3. This frictional engagement element 60 is in frictional engagement with the outer circumference of the cylindrical part 15.3 and forms a certain resistance to a relative movement of the two parts 15.3, 16.3.

[0048] When using the tool 2.3, the cylindrical part 15.3 is inserted with its proximal end into the receptacle 7 of the dental implant 1.3. The hollow cylindrical part 16.3 is in a position opposite the cylindrical part

[0049] 15.3 in the distal direction. After a tensile connection has been established by screwing the external thread 28 of the cylindrical part 15.3 into the internal thread 12 of the dental implant 1.3, the hollow cylindrical part 16.3 is axially adjusted in the proximal direction until the jacket sleeve

[0050] 17.3 with its proximal end, at which the second means 27.3 are arranged, is rotationally received in the form-fitting section 9. To screw the dental implant 1.3 into a jawbone, the cylindrical part 15.3 is rotated further, whereby the torsional forces are transmitted via the form-fitting connection between the outer circumference 37 of the bolt 26.3 and the inner circumference 33 of the casing sleeve 17.3 to the first means 24.3 and subsequently to the dental implant 1.3.

[0051] A variant of this embodiment is shown in Fig. 3c, in which the proximal end section 61 of the cylindrical part 15.3' is rotatable relative to the remaining cylindrical part 15.3' to form a safety coupling. For this purpose, a bearing pin 62 protrudes from the end face of the cylindrical part 15.3', coaxial with the axis 3, which engages in a corresponding bore in the end section 61 and is rotatably mounted there, but is secured against axial displacement in the end section 61. The end section 61 and the cylindrical part 15.3' maintain an axial distance in which a slip or locking body coupling 63 is arranged. The slip or locking body coupling 63 prevents breakage of the end section 61 or the cylindrical part 15.3' if excessive torque is applied in the screw-in direction of the dental implant 1.

[0052] Figs. 4a and 4b relate to a fourth embodiment of an aid 2.4 according to the invention for inserting a dental implant 1.4 into a jawbone. The dental implant 1.4 is similar to those described in Figs. 1a to 3b, so reference is again made to the explanations therein.

[0053] Differences between the present embodiment and those described above arise primarily from modifications to the cylindrical part 15.4 and the hollow cylindrical part 16.4 of the aid 2.4. Its cylindrical part 15.4 in turn has a continuous bolt 26.4, at the proximal end of which the second means 27.4 are arranged in the form of an external thread 28, and whose distal end carries a head 23 designed in a known manner for coupling to a rotary drive. The cylindrical part 15.4 differs from the previously described embodiments by a sudden cross-sectional change 40 in the region of the shaft 36. Thus, the bolt 26.4 has a smaller diameter in its proximal longitudinal section and a larger diameter in its distal longitudinal section, with the widening of the diameter occurring in the region of the proximal half of the bolt 26.4.Furthermore, at least one, preferably two or more guide grooves 39 are arranged in the shaft section with the larger diameter, which run parallel to the axis 3 on the outer circumference of the cylindrical part 15.4. The hollow cylindrical part 16.4 in turn comprises a jacket sleeve 17.4 with an annular disc 35 surrounding the outer circumference at the distal end. The jacket sleeve 17.4 encloses a through-channel 19.4, the inner contour of which, with the exception of the guide grooves 39, is adapted to the outer contour of the cylindrical part 15.4, i.e., is complementarily shaped in longitudinal section and cross section. This means that the jacket sleeve 17.4 also has a sudden change in diameter 40 in the region of its proximal end section and continues with a larger diameter to the distal end of the jacket sleeve 17.4. In the proximal end section with a comparatively smaller diameter, the outer circumference of the jacket sleeve 17.4 is used to form the first means 24.4 is provided with an external hexagon 25 which can be brought into engagement with the form-fitting section 9 of the dental implant 1.4 as described above.

[0054] The through-channel 19.4 serves to accommodate the cylindrical part 15.4 in an axially movable manner, with the abrupt change in cross-section 40 limiting the relative displacement of the hollow cylindrical part 16.4 on the cylindrical part 15.4 in the distal direction. However, an unhindered free displacement of the hollow cylindrical part 16.4 in the proximal direction is possible.

[0055] To prevent rotation of the cylindrical part 15.4 relative to the hollow cylindrical part 16.4 about the axis 3, two guide pins 41 extend radially through the wall of the casing sleeve 17.4, each of which projects beyond the inner circumference of the hollow cylindrical part 16.4 and engages with the projection into the guide groove 39. The guide groove 39 and the guide pin 41 interact to form an anti-twist device that prevents relative rotation of the hollow cylindrical part 16.4 and the cylindrical part 15.4, but transmits torsional forces between these parts.

[0056] The handling of the aid 2.4 essentially corresponds to the third embodiment described in Figs. 3a and 3b, so that what is said there applies accordingly.

[0057] A fifth embodiment of an aid 2.5 according to the invention in combination with a dental implant 1.5 is shown in Figs. 5a and 5b. The design of the dental implant 1.5 corresponds to that described in Figs. 1a to 4a, so repetition is unnecessary.

[0058] The auxiliary device 2.5 also includes a cylindrical part 15.5, which is axially displaceable and rotationally fixed in a hollow cylindrical part 16.5. The hollow cylindrical part 16.5 has a casing sleeve 17.5 that encloses a through-channel 19.5. The outer circumference of the hollow cylindrical part 16.5 is shaped, at least in the proximal end section, as an external hexagon 25, forming a first means 24.5. The opposite distal end of the hollow cylindrical part 16.5 is formed by a shaft stub 42, which is rotationally fixed over part of its length into the through-channel 19. The free end of the shaft stub 42 corresponds in form and function to the head 23 for coupling a rotary drive.

[0059] At the proximal end of the hollow cylindrical part 16.5, a bolt 26.5 is held longitudinally displaceably in the through-bore 19.5, the free end of which is provided with an external thread 28 in the manner already described, which forms the second means 27.5 for transmitting a tensile force.

[0060] The longitudinal section of the bolt 26.5 located within the through-channel 19 is provided with a slot 43 that is continuous in the transverse direction and bounded on both sides in the axial direction. The slot 43 is penetrated by a transverse pin 44, the ends of which are rigidly anchored in the wall of the casing sleeve 17.5.

[0061] In this way, the bolt 26.5 can be pushed back and forth within the through-channel 19.5 by the axial length of the slot 43. The slot 43 and the transverse pin 44 interact to form an anti-twist device that prevents relative twisting of the hollow cylindrical part 16.5 and the cylindrical part 15.5, but transmits torsional forces between these parts.

[0062] The distal end of the bolt 26.5 ends at a clear axial distance from the shaft stub 42. As a result, the jacket sleeve 17.5, bolt 26.5, and shaft stub 42 form a cylindrical cavity in which a spring element 45 is arranged, which preloads the bolt 26.5 toward the proximal end. In use, the auxiliary device 2.5 is inserted into the receiving space 7 of the dental implant 1.5. A rotational movement 23 is transmitted via the head 23 to the jacket sleeve 17.5 and subsequently via the anti-twist device to the bolt 26.5, whereby the external thread 28 engages the internal thread 12 of the anchoring section 11 and a tensile force-transmitting connection is established. Subsequently, by applying an axial compressive force to the hollow cylindrical part 16.5, the jacket sleeve 17.5 is pushed into the receiving space 7 under elastic compression of the spring element 45 until the first means 24.5 in the form of the external hexagon 25 engages in the internal hexagon 10 of the form-fitting section 9.

[0063] A sixth embodiment of an aid 2.6 according to the invention is shown in Figs. 6a and 6b. The dental implant 1.6 also shown there corresponds to the previously described dental implants 1.1 to 1.5, so that reference is made to the content there to avoid repetition.

[0064] The essential component of the aid 2.6 is a rod-shaped hollow cylindrical part

[0065] 16.6, which extends along axis 3 and whose distal end is equipped with a head 23 for coupling to a rotary drive. The proximal end, with its outer circumference in the form of an external hexagon 25, in turn forms second means 24.6 for transmitting a torsional force to the dental implant 1.6.

[0066] The hollow cylindrical part 16.6 has a through-channel 19.6 drilled coaxially to the axis 3, in which a rod 50 is mounted for axial displacement. The cross-section of the rod 50 corresponds approximately to the cross-section of the through-channel.

[0067] 19.6, so that the rod 50 essentially fills the through-channel 19.6. With its distal end, the rod 50 extends beyond the end of the hollow cylindrical part 16.6. Proximally, the rod 50 ends in the region of the outlet opening 51 of the through-channel 19.6, whereby this end can be displaced beyond the outlet opening 51 by axially adjusting the rod 50. The maximum adjustment is limited by a stop ring 52 at the distal end of the rod 50.

[0068] Three spring tongues 53 protrude from the proximal end face of the hollow cylindrical part 16.6. These tongues are arranged at a uniform circumferential spacing around the outlet opening 51 of the through-channel 19.6 and are inclined toward the freely projecting ends toward the axis 3 in such a way that the free ends of the spring tongues 53 lie within the alignment of the through-channel 19.6. On the outer side of the spring tongues 53 are rigid locking cams 54 extending radially outward, forming locking elements 57.6. The spring tongues 53 with the locking cams 54 form the second means 27.6 for transmitting a tensile force between the dental implant 1.6 and the auxiliary device 2.6.

[0069] When handling the aid 2.6, its proximal end 13 is inserted distally into the receiving space 7 of the dental implant 1.6. The rod 50 is retracted far enough that its proximal end still lies within the through-channel 19.6, so that the spring tongues 53 are inclined radially inward in a stress-free state. As the aid 2.6 is pushed in axially, the external hexagon 25 engages the internal hexagon 10 of the form-fitting section 9, and the spring tongues engage the area of ​​the internal thread 12 of the anchoring section 11. In this relative position of the dental implant 1.6 and the aid 2.6, the rod 50 is pushed axially into the through-channel 19.6, with the proximal rod end emerging from the outlet opening 51 and spreading the elastic spring tongues 53 radially outward. In this pull, the locking cams 54 engage in the threads of the internal thread 12 and cause a force connection to transmit tensile forces.

[0070] A seventh embodiment of an aid 2.7 according to the invention is disclosed in Figs. 7a and 7b. The special feature of this embodiment is based on a modified structure of the dental implant 1.7, which in the anchoring section 11.7 additionally has an annular groove 55 coaxial with the axis 3 between the internal thread 12 and the form-fitting section 9. With such dental implants 1.7, it is possible to use aids 2.1 to 2.6 according to the invention, which transmit a tensile force via the internal thread 12 of the anchoring section 1, or aids 2.7 to 2.9, which interact with the annular groove 55 to transmit a tensile force.

[0071] The aid 2.7 according to Figs. 7a and 7b represents a modification of the one described in Figs. 6a and 6b, so that to the extent of existing similarities, what has been said about the previously described embodiment applies accordingly. Thus, the aid 2.7 also has a hollow cylindrical part 16.7 with a head 23 at the distal end and a through-channel 19.7 coaxial with the axis 3 and with an outlet opening 51. There is also structural and functional similarity in the rod 50, which is mounted axially displaceably in the through-channel 19.7. Differences exist in the area of ​​the proximal end 13 of the aid 2.7, where the hexagonal circumference of the hollow cylindrical part 16.7 is axially slotted to form spring tongues 53.7 by continuing only every second flat upper side of the hexagon 25, which together form the first means 24.7 for transmitting a torsional force.

[0072] The spring tongues 53.7 therefore have a thickness in the radial direction that extends from the circumference of the outlet opening 51 to the outer circumference of the hollow cylindrical part 16.7, with the outer sides of the spring tongues 53.7 and the outer circumference of the hollow cylindrical part 16.7 merging seamlessly into one another without a step. At the free end of the spring tongues 53.7, locking cams 54.7 protrude radially from their outer sides, which in turn function as a locking element 57.7 and, together with the spring tongues 53.7, form the second means 27.7. The spring tongues 53.7 are arranged at a uniform circumferential spacing around the axis 3 and are otherwise inclined in the proximal direction toward the axis 3.

[0073] The handling of the aid 2.7 corresponds to that of the aid 2.6, with the difference that the spring tongues 53.7 only reach as far as the annular groove 55 in the dental implant 1.7 and the locking cams 54.7 lock with the annular groove 55 after adjustment of the rod 50.

[0074] The subject of Fig. 8a and 8b is an eighth embodiment of an aid 2.8 according to the invention, which is suitable for inserting a dental implant 1.8 as already described in Fig. 1.7, which therefore also has an annular groove 55 coaxial with the axis 3 in the anchoring region 11.

[0075] The aid 2.8 is largely similar to the seventh embodiment in the region of the distal end 14 and accordingly comprises a hollow cylindrical part 16.8 with a hexagonal outer circumference along its axial length and a through-channel 19.8 in which a rod 50 with a stop ring 52 is arranged for axial displacement. At the distal end, the hollow cylindrical part 16.8 is designed as a head 23 for connection to a rotary drive.

[0076] In contrast to the seventh embodiment, in the eighth embodiment, the through-channel 19.8 is widened at the proximal end 13 in a plane perpendicular to the axis 3, i.e., in the radial direction, to form a cavity 56 in which spherical locking elements 57.8 are received. In the present embodiment, the cavity 56 consists of three radial channels 58, which extend from the axis 3 to every other circumferential side of the hollow cylindrical part 16.8, i.e., at an angular distance of 120°, and there end in a circular retaining opening 59, which is narrower than the radially inner sections of the radial channels 58. In the region of the axis 3, the radial channels 58 overlap, resulting in an approximately star-shaped cavity 56.

[0077] A spherical locking element 57.8 is loosely held in each radial channel 58, allowing each locking element 57.8 to move between a radially outer position and a radially inner position. In the radially outer position, the movement is limited by the narrowed retaining opening 59 such that a locking element 57.8 projects with part of its circumference beyond the outer circumference of the hollow cylindrical part 16.8. In the radially inner position, the rear sides of the remaining locking elements 57.8 in the unlocked position, or the rod 50 in the locked position, limit the radial movement of the locking elements 57.8.

[0078] In use, the aid 2.8 is inserted with the rod 50 retracted into the receptacle 7 of the dental implant 1.8 until the locking elements 57.8 are level with the annular groove 55. The locking elements 57.8 are in a radially inner position without penetrating the exit openings 51. By axially advancing the rod 50 in the proximal direction, the rod end there enters the cavity 56 and displaces the locking elements 57.8 into a radially outer position, in which they project beyond the exit openings 51 and engage with their projection in the annular groove 55 of the dental implant 1.8 to create a tensile force-transmitting locking mechanism. Subsequently, a screwing movement can be transmitted to the dental implant 1.8 by applying a rotational movement to the hollow cylindrical part 16.8.

[0079] A ninth embodiment of the invention is the subject of Figs. 9a and 9b. As in the previously described embodiment, the dental implant 1.9 of the ninth embodiment has an annular groove 55 for the tensile force-transmitting connection of an auxiliary device 2.9. Due to certain similarities between the dental implant 1.9 and the eighth embodiment, reference is made to the explanations therein, which apply accordingly. The auxiliary device 2.9 comprises a hollow cylindrical part 16.9, which is essentially formed by a casing sleeve 17.9 with a through-channel 19.9 coaxial with the axis 3. The outer circumference of the casing sleeve 17.9 is designed as an external hexagon 25, at least in the area of ​​the proximal end 13 of the auxiliary device 2.9, preferably over its entire length, in order to provide first means 24.9 for forming a rotationally fixed connection with the dental implant 1.9. At the distal end 14 there is the hollow cylindrical part 16.9 again a head 23, already described several times, for the connection of a rotary drive.

[0080] Furthermore, the aid 2.9 comprises a cylindrical part 15.9 with a bolt 26.9 which is rotatably mounted in the through-channel 19.9 and projects axially beyond the head 23 with its distal end in order to form a gripping section for gripping and rotating the bolt 26.9.

[0081] A disc-shaped locking element 57.9 is rotationally fastened to the opposite proximal end of the bolt 26.9, coaxially and in a perpendicular plane to the axis 3. The circumference of the locking element 57.9 corresponds in size and shape to the outer circumference of the immediately axially adjacent section of the hollow cylindrical part 16.9 and, as shown in Fig. 9a in the unlocking position, runs flush with the first means 24.9 in the form of the external hexagon 25.

[0082] Due to the rigid connection between bolt 26.9 and disc-shaped locking element 57.9, the locking element 57.9 can be rotated about axis 3 by turning bolt 26.9 to assume a locking position. Fig. 9b shows this state, in which the disc-shaped locking element 57.9 is rotated by approximately 30° about axis 3. In the locking position, the corners 49 of the hexagonal locking element 57.9 protrude in an axial projection beyond the outer circumference of the hollow cylindrical part 16.9 with the first means 24.7 and can thus be brought into engagement with the annular groove 55 in the anchoring section 11 of the dental implant 1.9.

[0083] The movement of the bolt 26.9 between the unlocking and locking positions is positively guided. For this purpose, a groove 48 of limited length is provided on the inner circumference of the hollow cylindrical part 16.9, which forms the through-channel 19.9, concentrically encircling the axis 3. A pin 47 is arranged at a corresponding location in the bolt 26.9, which projects radially beyond the outer circumference of the bolt 26.9 and engages in the groove 48. In their interaction, the groove 48 and pin 47 block a relative axial displacement of the cylindrical part 15.9 and the hollow cylindrical part 16.9, but allow a relative rotational movement of these parts between the unlocking and locking positions.

[0084] For use, the auxiliary device 2.9 is inserted into the receptacle 7 of the dental implant 1.9 with the locking element 57.9 in the unlocking position until the disc-shaped locking element 57.9 is at the level of the annular groove 55. By turning the bolt 26.9 and thus the locking element 57.9, the locking position is reached, in which the corners 49 enter the annular groove 55 of the anchoring section 11 and thus effect a tensile force-transmitting locking between the dental implant 1.9 and the auxiliary device 2.9.

[0085] What all embodiments have in common is that after establishing the tensile force-transmitting connection between the dental implant and the aid, it is possible to withdraw and unscrew the dental implant from the jawbone using the aid according to the invention.

[0086] Likewise, for all embodiments, the torque for screwing in the dental implant 1 can be applied mechanically using an angle piece or manually using an adapter and ratchet.

[0087] An aid according to the invention is not limited to use with implants. The invention also encompasses applications in connection with abutment screws, gingival screws, and closure screws, which, once the tensile connection has been established with a driver according to the invention, can no longer be accidentally released from the driver.

Claims

Claims 1. An aid for inserting a dental implant (1.1 1.9) into a jawbone by applying a screwing movement to the dental implant (1.1 - 1.9) which has a receiving space (9) intended for the attachment of an abutment, wherein - the aid (2.1 - 2.9) has a rod-shaped shape along its longitudinal axis (3), and - has a proximal end portion (13) which can be brought into engagement with the dental implant (1.1 - 1.9), and - a distal end section (14) opposite the proximal end section (13), wherein - in the region of the proximal end section (13) first means (24.1 - 24.9) for transmitting a torsional force to the dental implant (1.1 - 1.9) are arranged, characterized in that - second means (27.1 - 27.9) for transmitting a tensile force between the aid (2.1 - 2.9) and the dental implant (1.1 - 1.9) are arranged in the region of the proximal end section (13).

2. Aid according to claim 1, characterized in that the first means (24.1 - 24.9) are formed in the region of the proximal end section (13) by an axially extending cylindrical longitudinal section of the aid (2.1 - 2.9), the outer circumference of which is formed by a polygon, preferably by a hexagon (25), which is intended to form a rotationally fixed connection with the complementarily shaped inner circumference of the receiving space (7) of the dental implant (1.1 - 1.9).

3. Aid according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that the second means (27.1 - 27.9) in the region of the proximal end section (13) have radially extending projections (28, 54, 57) which are intended to form a tensile force-transmitting connection with radially extending depressions (12, 55) on the inner circumference of the receiving space (7) of the dental implant (1.1 - 1.9).

4. Aid according to one of claims 1 to 3, characterized in that the first means (24.1 - 24.9) and the second means (27.1 - 27.9) are rotatable relative to one another about the longitudinal axis (3) and are designed to transmit tensile force relative to one another in the direction of the longitudinal axis (3).

5. Aid according to one of claims 1 to 3, characterized in that the first means (24.1 - 24.9) and the second means (27.1 - 27.9) are adjustable relative to one another in the direction of the longitudinal axis (3) and are designed to be rotated relative to one another about the longitudinal axis (3).

6. Aid according to one of claims 1 to 3, characterized in that the first means (24.1 - 24.9) and the second means (27.1 - 27.9) are adjustable relative to one another radially to the longitudinal axis (3) and are designed to transmit tensile force relative to one another in the direction of the longitudinal axis (3).

7. Aid according to one of claims 1 to 6, characterized in that the aid (2.1 - 2.9) has a hollow cylindrical part (16.1 - 16.9) and a cylindrical part (15.1 - 15.9), wherein the cylindrical part (15.1 - 15.9) is arranged in the hollow cylindrical part (16.1 - 16.9) and wherein the first means (24.1 - 24.9) are arranged on the outer circumference of the hollow cylindrical part (16.1 - 16.9) and the second means (27.1 - 27.9) on the proximal end region of the cylindrical part (15.1 - 15.9).

8. Aid according to claim 7, characterized in that the cylindrical part (15.1 - 15.9) is mounted in the hollow cylindrical part (16.1 - 16.9) in a tensile force-transmitting and / or rotatable manner.

9. Aid according to claim 7, characterized in that the cylindrical part (15.1 - 15.9) is mounted in the hollow cylindrical part (16.1 - 16.9) so as to be longitudinally displaceable and / or twistable.

10. Aid according to claim 9, characterized in that the cylindrical part (15.5) is held axially resiliently by an axially acting spring element (45). 11 . Aid according to one of claims 1 to 10, characterized in that the second means (27.1 - 27.9) comprise an external thread (28) whose thread turns form radially extending projections / protrusions which are intended to cooperate with an internal thread (12) in the cavity (7) of the dental implant (1.1 - 1.9).

12. Aid according to one of claims 1 to 10, characterized in that the second means (27.1 - 27.9) comprise locking elements (57.7, 57.8, 57.9) and are adjustable by adjusting means (50) in the radial direction between a locking position and an unlocking position.

13. Aid according to claim 12, characterized in that the locking elements (57.8) are formed by balls or pins which are arranged in cavities (56, 58) in the proximal end region of the hollow cylindrical part (16.8) and, in the locking position, project radially beyond the outer circumference of the hollow cylindrical part (16.8).

14. Aid according to one of claims 1 to 10, characterized in that the locking elements (57.6, 57.7) are formed by projections which are arranged on the outside of spring tongues (53) projecting axially from the proximal end face of the aid (2.1 - 2.9).

15. Aid according to claim 14, characterized in that the spring tongues (53) run flush with the outer circumference of the proximal end region (13) of the aid (2.7) or are offset radially inwards relative to the outer circumference of the proximal end region (13) of the aid (2.6).

16. Aid according to one of claims 12 to 15, characterized in that the aid (2.1 - 2.9) is hollow-cylindrical at least in the region of the proximal end section (13) and the adjusting means (50) are arranged to be axially displaceable in the hollow-cylindrical section, the outer circumference of the adjusting means (50) forming an adjusting surface for radial adjustment of the locking elements (57) or a locking surface for fixing the locking elements (57) in the locking position.

17. Aid according to one of claims 1 to 10, characterized in that the second means (27.1 - 27.9) comprise a disc-shaped locking element (57.9) coaxial with the longitudinal axis (3), the outer circumference of which is axially aligned with the outer circumference of the first means (24.9), wherein the disc-shaped locking element (57.9) is arranged on the proximal end section (13) of the Aid (2.1 - 2.9) is rotatably mounted and can be brought into locking position by a partial rotation about the longitudinal axis (3).

18. Unit comprising dental implant and aid according to one of claims 1 to 17, wherein the dental implant (1.1 - 1.9) and aid (2.1 - 2.9) are connected via the first means (24.1 -? 24.9) and second means (27.1 -? 27.9) are connectable.

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