Transport block sizing for constellation shaping
Patent Information
- Authority / Receiving Office
- EP · EP
- Patent Type
- Applications
- Current Assignee / Owner
- Filing Date
- 2023-05-22
- Publication Date
- 2026-04-01
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Figure CN2023095520_28112024_PF_FP_ABST
Abstract
Description
TRANSPORT BLOCK SIZING FOR CONSTELLATION SHAPING
[0001] FIELD OF TECHNOLOGY
[0002] The following relates to wireless communications, including transport block sizing for constellation shaping.BACKGROUND
[0003] Wireless communications systems are widely deployed to provide various types of communication content such as voice, video, packet data, messaging, broadcast, and so on. These systems may be capable of supporting communication with multiple users by sharing the available system resources (e.g., time, frequency, and power) . Examples of such multiple-access systems include fourth generation (4G) systems such as Long Term Evolution (LTE) systems, LTE-Advanced (LTE-A) systems, or LTE-A Pro systems, and fifth generation (5G) systems which may be referred to as New Radio (NR) systems. These systems may employ technologies such as code division multiple access (CDMA) , time division multiple access (TDMA) , frequency division multiple access (FDMA) , orthogonal FDMA (OFDMA) , or discrete Fourier transform spread orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (DFT-S-OFDM) . A wireless multiple-access communications system may include one or more base stations, each supporting wireless communication for communication devices, which may be known as user equipment (UE) .SUMMARY
[0004] The described techniques relate to improved methods, systems, devices, and apparatuses that support transport block sizing for constellation shaping. For example, the described techniques enable a first wireless device to obtain a set of information bits for a shaping procedure. As part of the shaping procedure, the first wireless device may encode the set of information bits to obtain a transport block including the encoded set of information bits based on the size of the transport block. The size of the transport block may be based on a quantity of resources allocated for the set of information bits, a coding rate, and a set of probability values associated with a set of mapping symbols of the shaping procedure. The first wireless device may transmit, to a second wireless device, the transport block including the encoded set of information bits in accordance with the shaping procedure. The second wireless device may then decode the transport block including the encoded set of information bits and obtain the set of information bits based on decoding the transport block.
[0005] A method for wireless communications at a wireless device is described. The method may include obtaining a set of information bits for a shaping procedure, encoding, as part of the shaping procedure, the set of information bits to obtain a transport block that includes the encoded set of information bits based on a size of the transport block, where the size of the transport block is based on a quantity of resources allocated for the set of information bits, a coding rate, and a set of probability values associated with a set of mapping symbols of the shaping procedure, and transmitting the transport block including the encoded set of information bits in accordance with the shaping procedure.
[0006] An apparatus for wireless communications at a wireless device is described. The apparatus may include one or more processors, and instructions stored in one or more memories. The instructions may be executable by the one or more processors, individually or collectively, to cause the apparatus to obtain a set of information bits for a shaping procedure, encode, as part of the shaping procedure, the set of information bits to obtain a transport block that includes the encoded set of information bits based on a size of the transport block, where the size of the transport block is based on a quantity of resources allocated for the set of information bits, a coding rate, and a set of probability values associated with a set of mapping symbols of the shaping procedure, and transmit the transport block including the encoded set of information bits in accordance with the shaping procedure.
[0007] Another apparatus for wireless communications at a wireless device is described. The apparatus may include means for obtaining a set of information bits for a shaping procedure, means for encoding, as part of the shaping procedure, the set of information bits to obtain a transport block that includes the encoded set of information bits based on a size of the transport block, where the size of the transport block is based on a quantity of resources allocated for the set of information bits, a coding rate, and a set of probability values associated with a set of mapping symbols of the shaping procedure, and means for transmitting the transport block including the encoded set of information bits in accordance with the shaping procedure.
[0008] A non-transitory computer-readable medium storing code for wireless communications at a wireless device is described. The code may include instructions executable by one or more processors to obtain a set of information bits for a shaping procedure, encode, as part of the shaping procedure, the set of information bits to obtain a transport block that includes the encoded set of information bits based on a size of the transport block, where the size of the transport block is based on a quantity of resources allocated for the set of information bits, a coding rate, and a set of probability values associated with a set of mapping symbols of the shaping procedure, and transmit the transport block including the encoded set of information bits in accordance with the shaping procedure.
[0009] Some examples of the method, apparatuses, and non-transitory computer-readable medium described herein may further include operations, features, means, or instructions for receiving a first message indicating a set of distribution parameters for the shaping procedure, the set of distribution parameters including the set of probability values.
[0010] In some examples of the method, apparatuses, and non-transitory computer-readable medium described herein, receiving the first message may include operations, features, means, or instructions for receiving, in the first message, an indication of a modulation and coding scheme (MCS) for encoding the set of information bits.
[0011] Some examples of the method, apparatuses, and non-transitory computer-readable medium described herein may further include operations, features, means, or instructions for receiving a second message indicating a MCS for encoding the set of information bits, where the first message may be received after the second message based on the MCS.
[0012] In some examples of the method, apparatuses, and non-transitory computer-readable medium described herein, encoding the set of information bits may include operations, features, means, or instructions for encoding the set of information bits to obtain the transport block based on the size of the transport block, the size of the transport block based on a quantity of multiple input multiple output (MIMO) layers and an effective modulation order that may be averaged across the quantity of MIMO layers, the effective modulation order being for the shaping procedure and being based on the set of probability values and on a modulation order for uniform mapping procedures.
[0013] In some examples of the method, apparatuses, and non-transitory computer-readable medium described herein, encoding the set of information bits may include operations, features, means, or instructions for encoding the set of information bits to obtain the transport block based on the size of the transport block, the size of the transport block based on the coding rate and an effective modulation order indicated in a table, where the table indicates the coding rate, a modulation order, a distribution associated with the shaping procedure, and the effective modulation order, the effective modulation order being for the shaping procedure and being based on the set of probability values and on the modulation order, where the modulation order may be for uniform mapping procedures.
[0014] In some examples of the method, apparatuses, and non-transitory computer-readable medium described herein, encoding the set of information bits may include operations, features, means, or instructions for encoding the set of information bits to obtain the transport block based on the size of the transport block, the size of the transport block based on the coding rate and a modulation order indicated in a first table and on an effective modulation order indicated in a second table, where the second table includes a distribution associated with the shaping procedure and includes the effective modulation order, the effective modulation order being for the shaping procedure and being based on the set of probability values and on the modulation order, where the modulation order may be for uniform mapping procedures.
[0015] A method for wireless communications at a wireless device is described. The method may include receiving a transport block including an encoded set of information bits in accordance with a shaping procedure, decoding the transport block including the encoded set of information bits based on a size of the transport block, where the size of the transport block is based on a quantity of resources allocated for the encoded set of information bits, a coding rate, and a set of probability values associated with a set of mapping symbols of the shaping procedure, and obtaining a set of information bits based on decoding the transport block including the encoded set of information bits, the set of information bits being based on the encoded set of information bits.
[0016] An apparatus for wireless communications at a wireless device is described. The apparatus may include one or more processors, and instructions stored in one or more memories. The instructions may be executable by the one or more processors, individually or collectively, to cause the apparatus to receive a transport block including an encoded set of information bits in accordance with a shaping procedure, decode the transport block including the encoded set of information bits based on a size of the transport block, where the size of the transport block is based on a quantity of resources allocated for the encoded set of information bits, a coding rate, and a set of probability values associated with a set of mapping symbols of the shaping procedure, and obtain a set of information bits based on decoding the transport block including the encoded set of information bits, the set of information bits being based on the encoded set of information bits.
[0017] Another apparatus for wireless communications at a wireless device is described. The apparatus may include means for receiving a transport block including an encoded set of information bits in accordance with a shaping procedure, means for decoding the transport block including the encoded set of information bits based on a size of the transport block, where the size of the transport block is based on a quantity of resources allocated for the encoded set of information bits, a coding rate, and a set of probability values associated with a set of mapping symbols of the shaping procedure, and means for obtaining a set of information bits based on decoding the transport block including the encoded set of information bits, the set of information bits being based on the encoded set of information bits.
[0018] A non-transitory computer-readable medium storing code for wireless communications at a wireless device is described. The code may include instructions executable by one or more processors to receive a transport block including an encoded set of information bits in accordance with a shaping procedure, decode the transport block including the encoded set of information bits based on a size of the transport block, where the size of the transport block is based on a quantity of resources allocated for the encoded set of information bits, a coding rate, and a set of probability values associated with a set of mapping symbols of the shaping procedure, and obtain a set of information bits based on decoding the transport block including the encoded set of information bits, the set of information bits being based on the encoded set of information bits.
[0019] Some examples of the method, apparatuses, and non-transitory computer-readable medium described herein may further include operations, features, means, or instructions for receiving a first message indicating a set of distribution parameters for the shaping procedure, the set of distribution parameters including the set of probability values.
[0020] In some examples of the method, apparatuses, and non-transitory computer-readable medium described herein, receiving the first message may include operations, features, means, or instructions for receiving, in the first message, an indication of a MCS for decoding the set of information bits.
[0021] Some examples of the method, apparatuses, and non-transitory computer-readable medium described herein may further include operations, features, means, or instructions for receiving a second message indicating a MCS for decoding the set of information bits, where the first message may be received after the second message based on the MCS.
[0022] In some examples of the method, apparatuses, and non-transitory computer-readable medium described herein, decoding the set of information bits may include operations, features, means, or instructions for decoding the transport block to obtain the set of information bits based on the size of the transport block, the size of the transport block based on a quantity of MIMO layers and an effective modulation order that may be averaged across the quantity of MIMO layers, the effective modulation order being for the shaping procedure and based on the set of probability values and on a modulation order for uniform mapping procedures.
[0023] In some examples of the method, apparatuses, and non-transitory computer-readable medium described herein, decoding the set of information bits may include operations, features, means, or instructions for decoding the transport block to obtain the set of information bits based on the size of the transport block, the size of the transport block based on the coding rate and an effective modulation order indicated in a table, where the table indicates the coding rate, a modulation order, a distribution associated with the shaping procedure, and the effective modulation order, the effective modulation order being for the shaping procedure and being based on the set of probability values and on the modulation order, where the modulation order may be for uniform mapping procedures.
[0024] In some examples of the method, apparatuses, and non-transitory computer-readable medium described herein, decoding the set of information bits may include operations, features, means, or instructions for decoding the transport block to obtain the set of information bits based on the size of the transport block, the size of the transport block based on the coding rate and a modulation order indicated in a first table and on an effective modulation order indicated in a second table, where the second table includes a distribution associated with the shaping procedure and includes the effective modulation order, the effective modulation order being for the shaping procedure and being based on the set of probability values and on the modulation order, where the modulation order may be for uniform mapping procedures.BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
[0025] FIG. 1 through 3 show examples of wireless communications system that supports transport block sizing for constellation shaping in accordance with one or more aspects of the present disclosure.
[0026] FIG. 4 shows an example of a flowchart that supports transport block sizing for constellation shaping in accordance with one or more aspects of the present disclosure.
[0027] FIG. 5 shows an example of a process flow that supports transport block sizing for constellation shaping in accordance with one or more aspects of the present disclosure.
[0028] FIGs. 6 and 7 show block diagrams of devices that support transport block sizing for constellation shaping in accordance with one or more aspects of the present disclosure.
[0029] FIG. 8 shows a block diagram of a communications manager that supports transport block sizing for constellation shaping in accordance with one or more aspects of the present disclosure.
[0030] FIG. 9 shows a diagram of a system including a device that supports transport block sizing for constellation shaping in accordance with one or more aspects of the present disclosure.
[0031] FIGs. 10 through 13 show flowcharts illustrating methods that support transport block sizing for constellation shaping in accordance with one or more aspects of the present disclosure.DETAILED DESCRIPTION
[0032] Wireless devices operating within a wireless communications system may perform probabilistic amplitude shaping (PAS) , which combines constellation shaping and channel coding to reduce transmission power or to enhance the signal quality at the destination. PAS may also generate a set of bits that are mapped to symbols in the constellation which have a higher probability of being decoded by a receiving device. To encode or decode the set of bits, devices may have to determine the size of a transport block carrying the set of bits. The determination of the size of the transport blocks may be based on a quantity of resource allocated for the data, a code rate, a modulation order, and a quantity of layers. However, for a PAS system, for a given modulation order, the quantity of effective bits or the quantity of bits with a higher probability of being decoded may change due to a distribution used for the PAS.
[0033] Therefore, to more accurately determine transport block size for PAS, a wireless device may use an effective modulation to calculate the transport block size instead of the modulation order from an modulation and coding scheme (MCS) table. In some examples, the effective modulation order may be calculated based on the modulation order from the MCS table and a set of probability values associated with the distribution corresponding to the PAS. In some other examples, the effective modulation order and the distribution associated with the PAS for different modulation orders and coding rated may be included in the MCS table. For example, a second MCS table may indicate the effective modulation order and the distributions associated with the PAS. As such, when using the effective modulation order for determining the transport block size when using PAS for encoding bits to a transport block at a transmitter device and decoding the transport block at a receiver device, the transport block size may be determined with a higher accuracy.
[0034] Aspects of the disclosure are initially described in the context of wireless communications systems. Additional aspects of the disclosure are described herein with reference to wireless communications systems, a flow chart, and a process flow. Aspects of the disclosure are further illustrated by and described with reference to apparatus diagrams, system diagrams, and flowcharts that relate to transport block sizing for constellation shaping.
[0035] FIG. 1 shows an example of a wireless communications system 100 that supports transport block sizing for constellation shaping in accordance with one or more aspects of the present disclosure. The wireless communications system 100 may include one or more network entities 105, one or more UEs 115, and a core network 130. In some examples, the wireless communications system 100 may be a Long Term Evolution (LTE) network, an LTE-Advanced (LTE-A) network, an LTE-A Pro network, a New Radio (NR) network, or a network operating in accordance with other systems and radio technologies, including future systems and radio technologies not explicitly mentioned herein.
[0036] The network entities 105 may be dispersed throughout a geographic area to form the wireless communications system 100 and may include devices in different forms or having different capabilities. In various examples, a network entity 105 may be referred to as a network element, a mobility element, a radio access network (RAN) node, or network equipment, among other nomenclature. In some examples, network entities 105 and UEs 115 may wirelessly communicate via one or more communication links 125 (e.g., a radio frequency (RF) access link) . For example, a network entity 105 may support a coverage area 110 (e.g., a geographic coverage area) over which the UEs 115 and the network entity 105 may establish one or more communication links 125. The coverage area 110 may be an example of a geographic area over which a network entity 105 and a UE 115 may support the communication of signals according to one or more radio access technologies (RATs) .
[0037] The UEs 115 may be dispersed throughout a coverage area 110 of the wireless communications system 100, and each UE 115 may be stationary, or mobile, or both at different times. The UEs 115 may be devices in different forms or having different capabilities. Some example UEs 115 are illustrated in FIG. 1. The UEs 115 described herein may be capable of supporting communications with various types of devices, such as other UEs 115 or network entities 105, as shown in FIG. 1.
[0038] As described herein, a node of the wireless communications system 100, which may be referred to as a network node, or a wireless node, may be a network entity 105 (e.g., any network entity described herein) , a UE 115 (e.g., any UE described herein) , a network controller, an apparatus, a device, a computing system, one or more components, or another suitable processing entity configured to perform any of the techniques described herein. For example, a node may be a UE 115. As another example, a node may be a network entity 105. As another example, a first node may be configured to communicate with a second node or a third node. In one aspect of this example, the first node may be a UE 115, the second node may be a network entity 105, and the third node may be a UE 115. In another aspect of this example, the first node may be a UE 115, the second node may be a network entity 105, and the third node may be a network entity 105. In yet other aspects of this example, the first, second, and third nodes may be different relative to these examples. Similarly, reference to a UE 115, network entity 105, apparatus, device, computing system, or the like may include disclosure of the UE 115, network entity 105, apparatus, device, computing system, or the like being a node. For example, disclosure that a UE 115 is configured to receive information from a network entity 105 also discloses that a first node is configured to receive information from a second node.
[0039] In some examples, network entities 105 may communicate with the core network 130, or with one another, or both. For example, network entities 105 may communicate with the core network 130 via one or more backhaul communication links 120 (e.g., in accordance with an S1, N2, N3, or other interface protocol) . In some examples, network entities 105 may communicate with one another via a backhaul communication link 120 (e.g., in accordance with an X2, Xn, or other interface protocol) either directly (e.g., directly between network entities 105) or indirectly (e.g., via a core network 130) . In some examples, network entities 105 may communicate with one another via a midhaul communication link 162 (e.g., in accordance with a midhaul interface protocol) or a fronthaul communication link 168 (e.g., in accordance with a fronthaul interface protocol) , or any combination thereof. The backhaul communication links 120, midhaul communication links 162, or fronthaul communication links 168 may be or include one or more wired links (e.g., an electrical link, an optical fiber link) , one or more wireless links (e.g., a radio link, a wireless optical link) , among other examples or various combinations thereof. A UE 115 may communicate with the core network 130 via a communication link 155.
[0040] One or more of the network entities 105 described herein may include or may be referred to as a base station 140 (e.g., a base transceiver station, a radio base station, an NR base station, an access point, a radio transceiver, a NodeB, an eNodeB (eNB) , a next-generation NodeB or a giga-NodeB (either of which may be referred to as a gNB) , a 5G NB, a next-generation eNB (ng-eNB) , a Home NodeB, a Home eNodeB, or other suitable terminology) . In some examples, a network entity 105 (e.g., a base station 140) may be implemented in an aggregated (e.g., monolithic, standalone) base station architecture, which may be configured to utilize a protocol stack that is physically or logically integrated within a single network entity 105 (e.g., a single RAN node, such as a base station 140) .
[0041] In some examples, a network entity 105 may be implemented in a disaggregated architecture (e.g., a disaggregated base station architecture, a disaggregated RAN architecture) , which may be configured to utilize a protocol stack that is physically or logically distributed among two or more network entities 105, such as an integrated access backhaul (IAB) network, an open RAN (O-RAN) (e.g., a network configuration sponsored by the O-RAN Alliance) , or a virtualized RAN (vRAN) (e.g., a cloud RAN (C-RAN) ) . For example, a network entity 105 may include one or more of a central unit (CU) 160, a distributed unit (DU) 165, a radio unit (RU) 170, a RAN Intelligent Controller (RIC) 175 (e.g., a Near-Real Time RIC (Near-RT RIC) , a Non-Real Time RIC (Non-RT RIC) ) , a Service Management and Orchestration (SMO) 180 system, or any combination thereof. An RU 170 may also be referred to as a radio head, a smart radio head, a remote radio head (RRH) , a remote radio unit (RRU) , or a transmission reception point (TRP) . One or more components of the network entities 105 in a disaggregated RAN architecture may be co-located, or one or more components of the network entities 105 may be located in distributed locations (e.g., separate physical locations) . In some examples, one or more network entities 105 of a disaggregated RAN architecture may be implemented as virtual units (e.g., a virtual CU (VCU) , a virtual DU (VDU) , a virtual RU (VRU) ) .
[0042] The split of functionality between a CU 160, a DU 165, and an RU 170 is flexible and may support different functionalities depending on which functions (e.g., network layer functions, protocol layer functions, baseband functions, RF functions, and any combinations thereof) are performed at a CU 160, a DU 165, or an RU 170. For example, a functional split of a protocol stack may be employed between a CU 160 and a DU 165 such that the CU 160 may support one or more layers of the protocol stack and the DU 165 may support one or more different layers of the protocol stack. In some examples, the CU 160 may host upper protocol layer (e.g., layer 3 (L3) , layer 2 (L2) ) functionality and signaling (e.g., Radio Resource Control (RRC) , service data adaption protocol (SDAP) , Packet Data Convergence Protocol (PDCP) ) . The CU 160 may be connected to one or more DUs 165 or RUs 170, and the one or more DUs 165 or RUs 170 may host lower protocol layers, such as layer 1 (L1) (e.g., physical (PHY) layer) or L2 (e.g., radio link control (RLC) layer, medium access control (MAC) layer) functionality and signaling, and may each be at least partially controlled by the CU 160. Additionally, or alternatively, a functional split of the protocol stack may be employed between a DU 165 and an RU 170 such that the DU 165 may support one or more layers of the protocol stack and the RU 170 may support one or more different layers of the protocol stack. The DU 165 may support one or multiple different cells (e.g., via one or more RUs 170) . In some cases, a functional split between a CU 160 and a DU 165, or between a DU 165 and an RU 170 may be within a protocol layer (e.g., some functions for a protocol layer may be performed by one of a CU 160, a DU 165, or an RU 170, while other functions of the protocol layer are performed by a different one of the CU 160, the DU 165, or the RU 170) . A CU 160 may be functionally split further into CU control plane (CU-CP) and CU user plane (CU-UP) functions. A CU 160 may be connected to one or more DUs 165 via a midhaul communication link 162 (e.g., F1, F1-c, F1-u) , and a DU 165 may be connected to one or more RUs 170 via a fronthaul communication link 168 (e.g., open fronthaul (FH) interface) . In some examples, a midhaul communication link 162 or a fronthaul communication link 168 may be implemented in accordance with an interface (e.g., a channel) between layers of a protocol stack supported by respective network entities 105 that are in communication via such communication links.
[0043] In wireless communications systems (e.g., wireless communications system 100) , infrastructure and spectral resources for radio access may support wireless backhaul link capabilities to supplement wired backhaul connections, providing an IAB network architecture (e.g., to a core network 130) . In some cases, in an IAB network, one or more network entities 105 (e.g., IAB nodes 104) may be partially controlled by each other. One or more IAB nodes 104 may be referred to as a donor entity or an IAB donor. One or more DUs 165 or one or more RUs 170 may be partially controlled by one or more CUs 160 associated with a donor network entity 105 (e.g., a donor base station 140) . The one or more donor network entities 105 (e.g., IAB donors) may be in communication with one or more additional network entities 105 (e.g., IAB nodes 104) via supported access and backhaul links (e.g., backhaul communication links 120) . IAB nodes 104 may include an IAB mobile termination (IAB-MT) controlled (e.g., scheduled) by DUs 165 of a coupled IAB donor. An IAB-MT may include an independent set of antennas for relay of communications with UEs 115, or may share the same antennas (e.g., of an RU 170) of an IAB node 104 used for access via the DU 165 of the IAB node 104 (e.g., referred to as virtual IAB-MT (vIAB-MT) ) . In some examples, the IAB nodes 104 may include DUs 165 that support communication links with additional entities (e.g., IAB nodes 104, UEs 115) within the relay chain or configuration of the access network (e.g., downstream) . In such cases, one or more components of the disaggregated RAN architecture (e.g., one or more IAB nodes 104 or components of IAB nodes 104) may be configured to operate according to the techniques described herein.
[0044] For instance, an access network (AN) or RAN may include communications between access nodes (e.g., an IAB donor) , IAB nodes 104, and one or more UEs 115. The IAB donor may facilitate connection between the core network 130 and the AN (e.g., via a wired or wireless connection to the core network 130) . That is, an IAB donor may refer to a RAN node with a wired or wireless connection to core network 130. The IAB donor may include a CU 160 and at least one DU 165 (e.g., and RU 170) , in which case the CU 160 may communicate with the core network 130 via an interface (e.g., a backhaul link) . IAB donor and IAB nodes 104 may communicate via an F1 interface according to a protocol that defines signaling messages (e.g., an F1 AP protocol) . Additionally, or alternatively, the CU 160 may communicate with the core network via an interface, which may be an example of a portion of backhaul link, and may communicate with other CUs 160 (e.g., a CU 160 associated with an alternative IAB donor) via an Xn-C interface, which may be an example of a portion of a backhaul link.
[0045] An IAB node 104 may refer to a RAN node that provides IAB functionality (e.g., access for UEs 115, wireless self-backhauling capabilities) . A DU 165 may act as a distributed scheduling node towards child nodes associated with the IAB node 104, and the IAB-MT may act as a scheduled node towards parent nodes associated with the IAB node 104. That is, an IAB donor may be referred to as a parent node in communication with one or more child nodes (e.g., an IAB donor may relay transmissions for UEs through one or more other IAB nodes 104) . Additionally, or alternatively, an IAB node 104 may also be referred to as a parent node or a child node to other IAB nodes 104, depending on the relay chain or configuration of the AN. Therefore, the IAB-MT entity of IAB nodes 104 may provide a Uu interface for a child IAB node 104 to receive signaling from a parent IAB node 104, and the DU interface (e.g., DUs 165) may provide a Uu interface for a parent IAB node 104 to signal to a child IAB node 104 or UE 115.
[0046] For example, IAB node 104 may be referred to as a parent node that supports communications for a child IAB node, or referred to as a child IAB node associated with an IAB donor, or both. The IAB donor may include a CU 160 with a wired or wireless connection (e.g., a backhaul communication link 120) to the core network 130 and may act as parent node to IAB nodes 104. For example, the DU 165 of IAB donor may relay transmissions to UEs 115 through IAB nodes 104, or may directly signal transmissions to a UE 115, or both. The CU 160 of IAB donor may signal communication link establishment via an F1 interface to IAB nodes 104, and the IAB nodes 104 may schedule transmissions (e.g., transmissions to the UEs 115 relayed from the IAB donor) through the DUs 165. That is, data may be relayed to and from IAB nodes 104 via signaling via an NR Uu interface to MT of the IAB node 104. Communications with IAB node 104 may be scheduled by a DU 165 of IAB donor and communications with IAB node 104 may be scheduled by DU 165 of IAB node 104.
[0047] In the case of the techniques described herein applied in the context of a disaggregated RAN architecture, one or more components of the disaggregated RAN architecture may be configured to support transport block sizing for constellation shaping as described herein. For example, some operations described as being performed by a UE 115 or a network entity 105 (e.g., a base station 140) may additionally, or alternatively, be performed by one or more components of the disaggregated RAN architecture (e.g., IAB nodes 104, DUs 165, CUs 160, RUs 170, RIC 175, SMO 180) .
[0048] A UE 115 may include or may be referred to as a mobile device, a wireless device, a remote device, a handheld device, or a subscriber device, or some other suitable terminology, where the “device” may also be referred to as a unit, a station, a terminal, or a client, among other examples. A UE 115 may also include or may be referred to as a personal electronic device such as a cellular phone, a personal digital assistant (PDA) , a tablet computer, a laptop computer, or a personal computer. In some examples, a UE 115 may include or be referred to as a wireless local loop (WLL) station, an Internet of Things (IoT) device, an Internet of Everything (IoE) device, or a machine type communications (MTC) device, among other examples, which may be implemented in various objects such as appliances, or vehicles, meters, among other examples.
[0049] The UEs 115 described herein may be able to communicate with various types of devices, such as other UEs 115 that may sometimes act as relays as well as the network entities 105 and the network equipment including macro eNBs or gNBs, small cell eNBs or gNBs, or relay base stations, among other examples, as shown in FIG. 1.
[0050] The UEs 115 and the network entities 105 may wirelessly communicate with one another via one or more communication links 125 (e.g., an access link) using resources associated with one or more carriers. The term “carrier” may refer to a set of RF spectrum resources having a defined physical layer structure for supporting the communication links 125. For example, a carrier used for a communication link 125 may include a portion of a RF spectrum band (e.g., a bandwidth part (BWP) ) that is operated according to one or more physical layer channels for a given radio access technology (e.g., LTE, LTE-A, LTE-A Pro, NR) . Each physical layer channel may carry acquisition signaling (e.g., synchronization signals, system information) , control signaling that coordinates operation for the carrier, user data, or other signaling. The wireless communications system 100 may support communication with a UE 115 using carrier aggregation or multi-carrier operation. A UE 115 may be configured with multiple downlink component carriers and one or more uplink component carriers according to a carrier aggregation configuration. Carrier aggregation may be used with both frequency division duplexing (FDD) and time division duplexing (TDD) component carriers. Communication between a network entity 105 and other devices may refer to communication between the devices and any portion (e.g., entity, sub-entity) of a network entity 105. For example, the terms “transmitting, ” “receiving, ” or “communicating, ” when referring to a network entity 105, may refer to any portion of a network entity 105 (e.g., a base station 140, a CU 160, a DU 165, a RU 170) of a RAN communicating with another device (e.g., directly or via one or more other network entities 105) .
[0051] In some examples, such as in a carrier aggregation configuration, a carrier may also have acquisition signaling or control signaling that coordinates operations for other carriers. A carrier may be associated with a frequency channel (e.g., an evolved universal mobile telecommunication system terrestrial radio access (E-UTRA) absolute RF channel number (EARFCN) ) and may be identified according to a channel raster for discovery by the UEs 115. A carrier may be operated in a standalone mode, in which case initial acquisition and connection may be conducted by the UEs 115 via the carrier, or the carrier may be operated in a non-standalone mode, in which case a connection is anchored using a different carrier (e.g., of the same or a different radio access technology) .
[0052] The communication links 125 shown in the wireless communications system 100 may include downlink transmissions (e.g., forward link transmissions) from a network entity 105 to a UE 115, uplink transmissions (e.g., return link transmissions) from a UE 115 to a network entity 105, or both, among other configurations of transmissions. Carriers may carry downlink or uplink communications (e.g., in an FDD mode) or may be configured to carry downlink and uplink communications (e.g., in a TDD mode) .
[0053] A carrier may be associated with a particular bandwidth of the RF spectrum and, in some examples, the carrier bandwidth may be referred to as a “system bandwidth” of the carrier or the wireless communications system 100. For example, the carrier bandwidth may be one of a set of bandwidths for carriers of a particular radio access technology (e.g., 1.4, 3, 5, 10, 15, 20, 40, or 80 megahertz (MHz) ) . Devices of the wireless communications system 100 (e.g., the network entities 105, the UEs 115, or both) may have hardware configurations that support communications using a particular carrier bandwidth or may be configurable to support communications using one of a set of carrier bandwidths. In some examples, the wireless communications system 100 may include network entities 105 or UEs 115 that support concurrent communications using carriers associated with multiple carrier bandwidths. In some examples, each served UE 115 may be configured for operating using portions (e.g., a sub-band, a BWP) or all of a carrier bandwidth.
[0054] Signal waveforms transmitted via a carrier may be made up of multiple subcarriers (e.g., using multi-carrier modulation (MCM) techniques such as orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM) or discrete Fourier transform spread OFDM (DFT-S-OFDM) ) . In a system employing MCM techniques, a resource element may refer to resources of one symbol period (e.g., a duration of one modulation symbol) and one subcarrier, in which case the symbol period and subcarrier spacing may be inversely related. The quantity of bits carried by each resource element may depend on the modulation scheme (e.g., the order of the modulation scheme, the coding rate of the modulation scheme, or both) , such that a relatively higher quantity of resource elements (e.g., in a transmission duration) and a relatively higher order of a modulation scheme may correspond to a relatively higher rate of communication. A wireless communications resource may refer to a combination of an RF spectrum resource, a time resource, and a spatial resource (e.g., a spatial layer, a beam) , and the use of multiple spatial resources may increase the data rate or data integrity for communications with a UE 115.
[0055] One or more numerologies for a carrier may be supported, and a numerology may include a subcarrier spacing (Δf ) and a cyclic prefix. A carrier may be divided into one or more BWPs having the same or different numerologies. In some examples, a UE 115 may be configured with multiple BWPs. In some examples, a single BWP for a carrier may be active at a given time and communications for the UE 115 may be restricted to one or more active BWPs.
[0056] The time intervals for the network entities 105 or the UEs 115 may be expressed in multiples of a basic time unit which may, for example, refer to a sampling period of Ts=1 / (Δfmax·Nf) seconds, for which Δf max may represent a supported subcarrier spacing, and Nf may represent a supported discrete Fourier transform (DFT) size. Time intervals of a communications resource may be organized according to radio frames each having a specified duration (e.g., 10 milliseconds (ms) ) . Each radio frame may be identified by a system frame number (SFN) (e.g., ranging from 0 to 1023) .
[0057] Each frame may include multiple consecutively-numbered subframes or slots, and each subframe or slot may have the same duration. In some examples, a frame may be divided (e.g., in the time domain) into subframes, and each subframe may be further divided into a quantity of slots. Alternatively, each frame may include a variable quantity of slots, and the quantity of slots may depend on subcarrier spacing. Each slot may include a quantity of symbol periods (e.g., depending on the length of the cyclic prefix prepended to each symbol period) . In some wireless communications systems 100, a slot may further be divided into multiple mini-slots associated with one or more symbols. Excluding the cyclic prefix, each symbol period may be associated with one or more (e.g., Nf) sampling periods. The duration of a symbol period may depend on the subcarrier spacing or frequency band of operation.
[0058] A subframe, a slot, a mini-slot, or a symbol may be the smallest scheduling unit (e.g., in the time domain) of the wireless communications system 100 and may be referred to as a transmission time interval (TTI) . In some examples, the TTI duration (e.g., a quantity of symbol periods in a TTI) may be variable. Additionally, or alternatively, the smallest scheduling unit of the wireless communications system 100 may be dynamically selected (e.g., in bursts of shortened TTIs (sTTIs) ) .
[0059] Physical channels may be multiplexed for communication using a carrier according to various techniques. A physical control channel and a physical data channel may be multiplexed for signaling via a downlink carrier, for example, using one or more of time division multiplexing (TDM) techniques, frequency division multiplexing (FDM) techniques, or hybrid TDM-FDM techniques. A control region (e.g., a control resource set (CORESET) ) for a physical control channel may be defined by a set of symbol periods and may extend across the system bandwidth or a subset of the system bandwidth of the carrier. One or more control regions (e.g., CORESETs) may be configured for a set of the UEs 115. For example, one or more of the UEs 115 may monitor or search control regions for control information according to one or more search space sets, and each search space set may include one or multiple control channel candidates in one or more aggregation levels arranged in a cascaded manner. An aggregation level for a control channel candidate may refer to an amount of control channel resources (e.g., control channel elements (CCEs) ) associated with encoded information for a control information format having a given payload size. Search space sets may include common search space sets configured for sending control information to multiple UEs 115 and UE-specific search space sets for sending control information to a specific UE 115.
[0060] A network entity 105 may provide communication coverage via one or more cells, for example a macro cell, a small cell, a hot spot, or other types of cells, or any combination thereof. The term “cell” may refer to a logical communication entity used for communication with a network entity 105 (e.g., using a carrier) and may be associated with an identifier for distinguishing neighboring cells (e.g., a physical cell identifier (PCID) , a virtual cell identifier (VCID) , or others) . In some examples, a cell also may refer to a coverage area 110 or a portion of a coverage area 110 (e.g., a sector) over which the logical communication entity operates. Such cells may range from smaller areas (e.g., a structure, a subset of structure) to larger areas depending on various factors such as the capabilities of the network entity 105. For example, a cell may be or include a building, a subset of a building, or exterior spaces between or overlapping with coverage areas 110, among other examples.
[0061] A macro cell generally covers a relatively large geographic area (e.g., several kilometers in radius) and may allow unrestricted access by the UEs 115 with service subscriptions with the network provider supporting the macro cell. A small cell may be associated with a lower-powered network entity 105 (e.g., a lower-powered base station 140) , as compared with a macro cell, and a small cell may operate using the same or different (e.g., licensed, unlicensed) frequency bands as macro cells. Small cells may provide unrestricted access to the UEs 115 with service subscriptions with the network provider or may provide restricted access to the UEs 115 having an association with the small cell (e.g., the UEs 115 in a closed subscriber group (CSG) , the UEs 115 associated with users in a home or office) . A network entity 105 may support one or multiple cells and may also support communications via the one or more cells using one or multiple component carriers.
[0062] In some examples, a carrier may support multiple cells, and different cells may be configured according to different protocol types (e.g., MTC, narrowband IoT (NB-IoT) , enhanced mobile broadband (eMBB) ) that may provide access for different types of devices.
[0063] In some examples, a network entity 105 (e.g., a base station 140, an RU 170) may be movable and therefore provide communication coverage for a moving coverage area 110. In some examples, different coverage areas 110 associated with different technologies may overlap, but the different coverage areas 110 may be supported by the same network entity 105. In some other examples, the overlapping coverage areas 110 associated with different technologies may be supported by different network entities 105. The wireless communications system 100 may include, for example, a heterogeneous network in which different types of the network entities 105 provide coverage for various coverage areas 110 using the same or different radio access technologies.
[0064] The wireless communications system 100 may support synchronous or asynchronous operation. For synchronous operation, network entities 105 (e.g., base stations 140) may have similar frame timings, and transmissions from different network entities 105 may be approximately aligned in time. For asynchronous operation, network entities 105 may have different frame timings, and transmissions from different network entities 105 may, in some examples, not be aligned in time. The techniques described herein may be used for either synchronous or asynchronous operations.
[0065] Some UEs 115 may be configured to employ operating modes that reduce power consumption, such as half-duplex communications (e.g., a mode that supports one-way communication via transmission or reception, but not transmission and reception concurrently) . In some examples, half-duplex communications may be performed at a reduced peak rate. Other power conservation techniques for the UEs 115 include entering a power saving deep sleep mode when not engaging in active communications, operating using a limited bandwidth (e.g., according to narrowband communications) , or a combination of these techniques. For example, some UEs 115 may be configured for operation using a narrowband protocol type that is associated with a defined portion or range (e.g., set of subcarriers or resource blocks (RBs) ) within a carrier, within a guard-band of a carrier, or outside of a carrier.
[0066] The wireless communications system 100 may be configured to support ultra-reliable communications or low-latency communications, or various combinations thereof. For example, the wireless communications system 100 may be configured to support ultra-reliable low-latency communications (URLLC) . The UEs 115 may be designed to support ultra-reliable, low-latency, or critical functions. Ultra-reliable communications may include private communication or group communication and may be supported by one or more services such as push-to-talk, video, or data. Support for ultra-reliable, low-latency functions may include prioritization of services, and such services may be used for public safety or general commercial applications. The terms ultra-reliable, low-latency, and ultra-reliable low-latency may be used interchangeably herein.
[0067] In some examples, a UE 115 may be configured to support communicating directly with other UEs 115 via a device-to-device (D2D) communication link 135 (e.g., in accordance with a peer-to-peer (P2P) , D2D, or sidelink protocol) . In some examples, one or more UEs 115 of a group that are performing D2D communications may be within the coverage area 110 of a network entity 105 (e.g., a base station 140, an RU 170) , which may support aspects of such D2D communications being configured by (e.g., scheduled by) the network entity 105. In some examples, one or more UEs 115 of such a group may be outside the coverage area 110 of a network entity 105 or may be otherwise unable to or not configured to receive transmissions from a network entity 105. In some examples, groups of the UEs 115 communicating via D2D communications may support a one-to-many (1: M) system in which each UE 115 transmits to each of the other UEs 115 in the group. In some examples, a network entity 105 may facilitate the scheduling of resources for D2D communications. In some other examples, D2D communications may be carried out between the UEs 115 without an involvement of a network entity 105.
[0068] The core network 130 may provide user authentication, access authorization, tracking, Internet Protocol (IP) connectivity, and other access, routing, or mobility functions. The core network 130 may be an evolved packet core (EPC) or 5G core (5GC) , which may include at least one control plane entity that manages access and mobility (e.g., a mobility management entity (MME) , an access and mobility management function (AMF) ) and at least one user plane entity that routes packets or interconnects to external networks (e.g., a serving gateway (S-GW) , a Packet Data Network (PDN) gateway (P-GW) , or a user plane function (UPF) ) . The control plane entity may manage non-access stratum (NAS) functions such as mobility, authentication, and bearer management for the UEs 115 served by the network entities 105 (e.g., base stations 140) associated with the core network 130. User IP packets may be transferred through the user plane entity, which may provide IP address allocation as well as other functions. The user plane entity may be connected to IP services 150 for one or more network operators. The IP services 150 may include access to the Internet, Intranet (s) , an IP Multimedia Subsystem (IMS) , or a Packet-Switched Streaming Service.
[0069] The wireless communications system 100 may operate using one or more frequency bands, which may be in the range of 300 megahertz (MHz) to 300 gigahertz (GHz) . Generally, the region from 300 MHz to 3 GHz is known as the ultra-high frequency (UHF) region or decimeter band because the wavelengths range from approximately one decimeter to one meter in length. UHF waves may be blocked or redirected by buildings and environmental features, which may be referred to as clusters, but the waves may penetrate structures sufficiently for a macro cell to provide service to the UEs 115 located indoors. Communications using UHF waves may be associated with smaller antennas and shorter ranges (e.g., less than 100 kilometers) compared to communications using the smaller frequencies and longer waves of the high frequency (HF) or very high frequency (VHF) portion of the spectrum below 300 MHz.
[0070] The wireless communications system 100 may also operate using a super high frequency (SHF) region, which may be in the range of 3 GHz to 30 GHz, also known as the centimeter band, or using an extremely high frequency (EHF) region of the spectrum (e.g., from 30 GHz to 300 GHz) , also known as the millimeter band. In some examples, the wireless communications system 100 may support millimeter wave (mmW) communications between the UEs 115 and the network entities 105 (e.g., base stations 140, RUs 170) , and EHF antennas of the respective devices may be smaller and more closely spaced than UHF antennas. In some examples, such techniques may facilitate using antenna arrays within a device. The propagation of EHF transmissions, however, may be subject to even greater attenuation and shorter range than SHF or UHF transmissions. The techniques disclosed herein may be employed across transmissions that use one or more different frequency regions, and designated use of bands across these frequency regions may differ by country or regulating body.
[0071] The wireless communications system 100 may utilize both licensed and unlicensed RF spectrum bands. For example, the wireless communications system 100 may employ License Assisted Access (LAA) , LTE-Unlicensed (LTE-U) radio access technology, or NR technology using an unlicensed band such as the 5 GHz industrial, scientific, and medical (ISM) band. While operating using unlicensed RF spectrum bands, devices such as the network entities 105 and the UEs 115 may employ carrier sensing for collision detection and avoidance. In some examples, operations using unlicensed bands may be based on a carrier aggregation configuration in conjunction with component carriers operating using a licensed band (e.g., LAA) . Operations using unlicensed spectrum may include downlink transmissions, uplink transmissions, P2P transmissions, or D2D transmissions, among other examples.
[0072] A network entity 105 (e.g., a base station 140, an RU 170) or a UE 115 may be equipped with multiple antennas, which may be used to employ techniques such as transmit diversity, receive diversity, multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) communications, or beamforming. The antennas of a network entity 105 or a UE 115 may be located within one or more antenna arrays or antenna panels, which may support MIMO operations or transmit or receive beamforming. For example, one or more base station antennas or antenna arrays may be co-located at an antenna assembly, such as an antenna tower. In some examples, antennas or antenna arrays associated with a network entity 105 may be located at diverse geographic locations. A network entity 105 may include an antenna array with a set of rows and columns of antenna ports that the network entity 105 may use to support beamforming of communications with a UE 115. Likewise, a UE 115 may include one or more antenna arrays that may support various MIMO or beamforming operations. Additionally, or alternatively, an antenna panel may support RF beamforming for a signal transmitted via an antenna port.
[0073] The network entities 105 or the UEs 115 may use MIMO communications to exploit multipath signal propagation and increase spectral efficiency by transmitting or receiving multiple signals via different spatial layers. Such techniques may be referred to as spatial multiplexing. The multiple signals may, for example, be transmitted by the transmitting device via different antennas or different combinations of antennas. Likewise, the multiple signals may be received by the receiving device via different antennas or different combinations of antennas. Each of the multiple signals may be referred to as a separate spatial stream and may carry information associated with the same data stream (e.g., the same codeword) or different data streams (e.g., different codewords) . Different spatial layers may be associated with different antenna ports used for channel measurement and reporting. MIMO techniques include single-user MIMO (SU-MIMO) , for which multiple spatial layers are transmitted to the same receiving device, and multiple-user MIMO (MU-MIMO) , for which multiple spatial layers are transmitted to multiple devices.
[0074] Beamforming, which may also be referred to as spatial filtering, directional transmission, or directional reception, is a signal processing technique that may be used at a transmitting device or a receiving device (e.g., a network entity 105, a UE 115) to shape or steer an antenna beam (e.g., a transmit beam, a receive beam) along a spatial path between the transmitting device and the receiving device. Beamforming may be achieved by combining the signals communicated via antenna elements of an antenna array such that some signals propagating along particular orientations with respect to an antenna array experience constructive interference while others experience destructive interference. The adjustment of signals communicated via the antenna elements may include a transmitting device or a receiving device applying amplitude offsets, phase offsets, or both to signals carried via the antenna elements associated with the device. The adjustments associated with each of the antenna elements may be defined by a beamforming weight set associated with a particular orientation (e.g., with respect to the antenna array of the transmitting device or receiving device, or with respect to some other orientation) .
[0075] A network entity 105 or a UE 115 may use beam sweeping techniques as part of beamforming operations. For example, a network entity 105 (e.g., a base station 140, an RU 170) may use multiple antennas or antenna arrays (e.g., antenna panels) to conduct beamforming operations for directional communications with a UE 115. Some signals (e.g., synchronization signals, reference signals, beam selection signals, or other control signals) may be transmitted by a network entity 105 multiple times along different directions. For example, the network entity 105 may transmit a signal according to different beamforming weight sets associated with different directions of transmission. Transmissions along different beam directions may be used to identify (e.g., by a transmitting device, such as a network entity 105, or by a receiving device, such as a UE 115) a beam direction for later transmission or reception by the network entity 105.
[0076] Some signals, such as data signals associated with a particular receiving device, may be transmitted by transmitting device (e.g., a transmitting network entity 105, a transmitting UE 115) along a single beam direction (e.g., a direction associated with the receiving device, such as a receiving network entity 105 or a receiving UE 115) . In some examples, the beam direction associated with transmissions along a single beam direction may be determined based on a signal that was transmitted along one or more beam directions. For example, a UE 115 may receive one or more of the signals transmitted by the network entity 105 along different directions and may report to the network entity 105 an indication of the signal that the UE 115 received with a highest signal quality or an otherwise acceptable signal quality.
[0077] In some examples, transmissions by a device (e.g., by a network entity 105 or a UE 115) may be performed using multiple beam directions, and the device may use a combination of digital precoding or beamforming to generate a combined beam for transmission (e.g., from a network entity 105 to a UE 115) . The UE 115 may report feedback that indicates precoding weights for one or more beam directions, and the feedback may correspond to a configured set of beams across a system bandwidth or one or more sub-bands. The network entity 105 may transmit a reference signal (e.g., a cell-specific reference signal (CRS) , a channel state information reference signal (CSI-RS) ) , which may be precoded or unprecoded. The UE 115 may provide feedback for beam selection, which may be a precoding matrix indicator (PMI) or codebook-based feedback (e.g., a multi-panel type codebook, a linear combination type codebook, a port selection type codebook) . Although these techniques are described with reference to signals transmitted along one or more directions by a network entity 105 (e.g., a base station 140, an RU 170) , a UE 115 may employ similar techniques for transmitting signals multiple times along different directions (e.g., for identifying a beam direction for subsequent transmission or reception by the UE 115) or for transmitting a signal along a single direction (e.g., for transmitting data to a receiving device) .
[0078] A receiving device (e.g., a UE 115) may perform reception operations in accordance with multiple receive configurations (e.g., directional listening) when receiving various signals from a receiving device (e.g., a network entity 105) , such as synchronization signals, reference signals, beam selection signals, or other control signals. For example, a receiving device may perform reception in accordance with multiple receive directions by receiving via different antenna subarrays, by processing received signals according to different antenna subarrays, by receiving according to different receive beamforming weight sets (e.g., different directional listening weight sets) applied to signals received at multiple antenna elements of an antenna array, or by processing received signals according to different receive beamforming weight sets applied to signals received at multiple antenna elements of an antenna array, any of which may be referred to as “listening” according to different receive configurations or receive directions. In some examples, a receiving device may use a single receive configuration to receive along a single beam direction (e.g., when receiving a data signal) . The single receive configuration may be aligned along a beam direction determined based on listening according to different receive configuration directions (e.g., a beam direction determined to have a highest signal strength, highest signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) , or otherwise acceptable signal quality based on listening according to multiple beam directions) .
[0079] The wireless communications system 100 may be a packet-based network that operates according to a layered protocol stack. In the user plane, communications at the bearer or PDCP layer may be IP-based. An RLC layer may perform packet segmentation and reassembly to communicate via logical channels. A MAC layer may perform priority handling and multiplexing of logical channels into transport channels. The MAC layer also may implement error detection techniques, error correction techniques, or both to support retransmissions to improve link efficiency. In the control plane, an RRC layer may provide establishment, configuration, and maintenance of an RRC connection between a UE 115 and a network entity 105 or a core network 130 supporting radio bearers for user plane data. A PHY layer may map transport channels to physical channels.
[0080] The UEs 115 and the network entities 105 may support retransmissions of data to increase the likelihood that data is received successfully. Hybrid automatic repeat request (HARQ) feedback is one technique for increasing the likelihood that data is received correctly via a communication link (e.g., a communication link 125, a D2D communication link 135) . HARQ may include a combination of error detection (e.g., using a cyclic redundancy check (CRC) ) , forward error correction (FEC) , and retransmission (e.g., automatic repeat request (ARQ) ) . HARQ may improve throughput at the MAC layer in poor radio conditions (e.g., low signal-to-noise conditions) . In some examples, a device may support same-slot HARQ feedback, in which case the device may provide HARQ feedback in a specific slot for data received via a previous symbol in the slot. In some other examples, the device may provide HARQ feedback in a subsequent slot, or according to some other time interval.
[0081] Wireless devices (e.g., UEs 115 and network entities 105) operating within wireless communications system 100 may perform PAS, which combines constellation shaping and channel coding to reduce transmission power or to enhance the signal quality at the destination. PAS may be used to generate a set of bits that are mapped to symbols in the constellation which have a higher probability of being decoded by a receiving device. To encode or decode the set of bits, wireless devices may have to determine the size of a transport block carrying the set of bits. To determine transport block size for PAS, a wireless device (e.g., a UE 115 or a network entity 105) may use an effective modulation to calculate the transport block size instead of a modulation order from an modulation and coding scheme (MCS) table used for non-PAS applications. In some examples, the effective modulation order may be based on the modulation order (e.g., from an MCS table for non-PAS applications) and a set of probability values associated with the distribution corresponding to the PAS. In some other examples, the effective modulation order and the distribution associated with the PAS for different modulation orders and coding rated may be included in the MCS table. For example, a second MCS table may indicate the effective modulation order and the distributions associated with the PAS. As such, when using the effective modulation order for determining the transport block size when using PAS for encoding bits to a transport block at a transmitter device (e.g., a UE 115 or a network entity 105) and decoding the transport block at a receiver device (e.g., a UE 115 or a network entity 105) , the transport block size may be determined with a higher accuracy.
[0082] FIG. 2 shows an example of a wireless communications system 200 that supports transport block sizing for constellation shaping in accordance with one or more aspects of the present disclosure. In some examples, the wireless communications system 200 may implement or be implemented by the wireless communications system 100. For example, the wireless communications system 200 may include a wireless device 205-a and a wireless device 205-b which may include or be an example of a network entity 105, a UE 115, or any other device capable of transmitting wireless signals described herein with reference to FIG. 1. The wireless device 205-a and the wireless device 205-b may communicate via a communication link 125-a. The communication link 125-a may be examples of a Uu link, a sidelink, a backhaul link, a D2D link or some other type of communication link 125 described herein with reference to FIG. 1.
[0083] In some cases, wireless devices 205 (e.g., the wireless device 205-a and the wireless device 205-b) may use geometric shaping with one dimensional non-uniform constellations and two dimensional non-uniform constellations. The geometric shaping use a machine learning model or searching via numeric or another type of heuristic. However, geometric shaping may result in a relatively higher demodulation complexity and may have a lower gain than PAS. As such, in the example of FIG. 2, the wireless device 205-a may operate as a transmitting device and may utilize PAS when communicating information to a receiving device, such as the wireless device 205-b, via a communication link 125-a (which may be an example of a communication link 125 as described with reference to FIG. 1) . For example, the wireless device 205-a may process information bits of a transport block 210 to obtain a corresponding set of modulation symbols. Processing the information bits may involve shaping, encoding, and modulating the information bits before mapping to a set of resources via which the transport block 210 is to be transmitted. The wireless device 205-a may transmit, via the communication link 125-a, signaling that is based on (e.g., includes or is otherwise modulated based on) the set of modulation symbols, in order to communicate the transport block 210 to the wireless device 205-b.
[0084] In some cases, the information bits of the transport block may be uniformly distributed. For instance, a mapping table that maps blocks of incoming information bits to symbols to be transmitted may be configured such that a probability mass function (PMF) of symbols over constellation points of a modulation scheme is a uniform distribution. A constellation may refer to a set of phase, frequency, and amplitude states of a signal (e.g., a signal transmitted by the wireless device 205-a) , where a constellation point represents a symbol corresponding to a phase value, a frequency value, and an amplitude value. As part of the processing, the wireless device 205-a may shape the information bits using a shaper 215 between the source of the information bits and the mapper to constellation symbols. Probabilistic shaping, for example, may rely on the use of a code to vary the probability distribution of the constellation points. As an example, the wireless device 205-a may apply probabilistic shaping such that constellation points associated with a lower energy are more likely to be used, while constellation points associated with a higher energy are less likely to be used. Probabilistic shaping may reduce the gap (referred to as a shaping gap) between the practically achievable capacity of a channel (e.g., the communication link 125-a) and the capacity (e.g., the Shannon’s capacity) of the channel.
[0085] In some cases, the shaper 215 may include or be an example of an amplitude shaper that maps k information bits to amplitude symbols with a rate The amplitude shaper may be configured such that low-amplitude symbols are utilized more frequently than high-amplitude symbols, which may, in some cases, improve signal quality at the wireless device 205-b, reduce a transmit power of the transport block 210, or the like. A non-uniform probability distribution over the amplitude symbols generated by the amplitude shaper may be closer to the capacity-achieving input distribution than the uniform distribution. In some examples, the non-uniform probability distribution may be an example of a Maxwell-Boltzmann distribution with for a ∈A.
[0086] During shaping, the shaper 215 may transform k information bits into interim symbols. For example, sequences within the k input bits may each be mapped to one or more corresponding interim symbols within an sequence of interim symbols, which may also be referred to as a symbol sequence and represented by Thus, in some cases, each interim symbol may represent multiple input bits. Based on a non-uniform probability distribution associated with (e.g., used by) the shaper 215, different interim symbols within a pool of possible (e.g., candidate) interim symbols may not be equally likely (maybe be unevenly likely) to be included in the sequence of interim symbols-that is, some interim symbols may be more likely to be included than others.
[0087] In general, a symbol sequence s output from a shaper (e.g., the shaper 215) may have a length n that is equal to the quantity of symbols in the symbol sequence. The symbols in the symbol sequence may belong to a symbol alphabet (e.g., a symbol constellation) denoted by where m indicates a size of the symbol alphabet (e.g., a quantity of discrete symbols belonging to the symbol alphabet) . For example, in FIG. 2, the interim symbols may be amplitude shift keying (ASK) symbols (e.g., may belong to a symbol alphabet associated with an ASK constellation) and may be referred to as amplitude symbols. Thus, the symbol sequence may be understood as a sequence of amplitude symbols.
[0088] Each symbol in a symbol alphabet may have an energy, which may be referred to as a symbol energy. For example, the energy of a given ASK symbol may be based on or associated with an amplitude of the ASK symbol, and symbol energy may be greater for ASK symbols with relatively larger amplitudes. A symbol sequence s may be associated with a symbol alphabet such that all symbols in s belong to the symbol alphabet Asequence energy E (s) for a sequence s may be calculated as a summation of the symbol energies associated with the symbols in the sequence s. A set of sequences may be defined as the set of all sequences of length n over the alphabet where each sequence in the set of sequences has an energy that is less than or equal to E. The total quantity of distinct sequences in the set may be referred as a cumulative sequence quantity, and may be defined by Equation 1 below, where the superscript m indicates the alphabet and may be omitted if the alphabet is clear from context.
[0089] For a given alphabet size m, Nc (n, E) may be understood as a two-variable integer-valued function of n and E.
[0090] The shaper 215 may implement an energy-based shaping scheme (e.g., may have an energy-based PAS architecture) to obtain the symbol sequence For example, one or more distribution matchers of the shaper 215 may employ an encoding method, such as a direct energy-based arithmetic coding (AC) method, a two-stage peeling method, or the like, to efficiently encode the information bits to the symbol sequence Such encoding methods may rely on knowledge of Nc (n, E) for a wide range of values of n and E and, in some cases, one or more values of m. However, directly calculating Nc (n, E) may be prohibitively computationally complex (e.g., may be quadratic in n) , such that some wireless devices may be unable to perform PCS or may be unable to do so efficiently. Additionally, values of Nc (n, E) may reach significantly large magnitudes, and some wireless devices may not have the storage capability to store all relevant values of Nc (n, E) for the wide range of values of n and E.
[0091] As such, the wireless device 205-a (e.g., the shaper 215 of the wireless device 205-a) may calculate an approximation of a logarithm of Nc (n, E) (e.g., may approximate logNc (n, E) ) in accordance with the techniques described herein, which may enable the wireless device 205-a to implement energy-based shaping schemes more efficiently and effectively and with reduced computational complexity. Further, the approximation techniques described herein may maintain relatively high accuracy, such that performance degradation is avoided. The wireless device 205-a may approximate the logarithm of Nc (n, E) with respect to any base, such as base 2, base e, or the like, among other examples, and a value representing the approximation of logNc (n, E) may be referred to as log For example, the approximation of log2Nc (n, E) may be represented by the approximation of logeNc (n, E) may be represented by and the like.
[0092] In some examples, the shaper 215 may approximate logNc (n, E) based on a normalized energy ω, a saturated entropy function Hsat (ω) of the normalized energy, a first sequence length n, a first sequence energy E, and a first symbol alphabet to obtain log In some cases, the shaper 215 may calculate log for a range of values of n and E and multiple values of m. In some examples, the shaper 215 may calculate multiple values of log (e.g., may approximate logNc (n, E) multiple times) .
[0093] The shaper 215 may, based on the approximation, generate the symbol sequence such that the symbol sequence belongs to a second alphabet and has a second sequence length and a second sequence energy. The second sequence energy may be less than or equal to an energy threshold, which may be represented by The first sequence length n, the first sequence energy E, and the first symbol alphabet may be related to the second sequence length the energy threshold and the second symbol alphabet For example, the first symbol alphabet may be a subset of, or may be the same as, the second symbol alphabet. The first sequence length may be less than or equal to the second sequence length. Additionally, the first sequence energy may be less than or equal to the energy threshold.
[0094] The wireless device 205-a may input the symbol sequence to a symbol-to-bit converter 220. The symbol-to-bit converter 220 may convert interim symbols (e.g., symbols of the symbol sequence) into bits (e.g., a bit stream) . In some cases, because the interim symbols are non-uniformly distributed, the bits output by the symbol-to-bit converter 220 may not be the same as the bits input to the shaper 215. For example, the symbol-to-bit converter 220 may output (M-1) bit sequences that include a quantity of bits, where M is a modulation order of the interim symbols (e.g., the quantity of different interim symbols within the pool of possible interim symbols may be equal to 2M) .
[0095] The wireless device 205-a may input the converted bits to an encoder, such as an FEC encoder 225. The FEC encoder 225 may support error correction for the transmission of the transport block 210 based on encoding redundancy. In some cases, the wireless device 205-a may additionally input an unshaped subset of the information bits to the FEC encoder 225, such as a subset of unshaped information bits. Based on the bits input to the FEC encoder 225, the FEC encoder 225 may generate systematic bits and parity bits. For example, the wireless device 205-a may input the converted bits together with the unshaped information bits (e.g., for a total of input bits) to the FEC encoder 225, which may have a rate Rc= (M-1+γ) / M. For every input bits, the FEC encoder 225 may generate parity bits. The parity bits may, together with the information bits, be converted to sign bits, which may then be pointwise multiplied with the amplitude symbols (e.g., with each symbol in the sequence ) .
[0096] The wireless device 205-a may input the bits output from the FEC encoder 225 to a constellation mapper, which may be based on a modulation scheme according to which the wireless device 205-a is to modulate and transmit the transport block 210. That is, the wireless device 205-a may modulate the transport block 210 according to a modulation format to represent the information conveyed by the transmission. For example, OFDM modulation may be based on modulating various subcarriers (e.g., using QAM modulation) and transmitting the modulated subcarriers in parallel (e.g., concurrent) using FDM techniques. In some examples, modulation symbols may refer to symbols based on any type of modulation, such as QAM symbols, binary phase shift keying (BPSK) symbols, quadrature phase shift keying (QPSK) symbols, amplitude and phase shift keying (APSK) symbols, or the like. As described herein, when using PAS, a modulation order may remain the same however the effective carried information bits may change with the distribution associated with the PAS. As such, an effective modulation order may be used for modulation of the information bits. The effective modulation order may be based on a modulation order used and indicated via an MCS table for non-PAS applications or scenarios and based on a set of probability values associated with the PAS. Further description of the calculation or identification of the effective modulation order are described herein, at least with reference to FIGs. 3–5.
[0097] In the example of FIG. 2, the wireless device 205-a may implement modulation via a bit-to-symbol mapper 230. The bit-to-symbol mapper 230 may perform constellation mapping (e.g., map the bits input to the bit-to-symbol mapper 230 to corresponding modulation symbols, based on a symbol constellation associated with the modulation symbols) . A subset of the bits input to the bit-to-symbol mapper 230 may be used to determine the amplitudes of the mapped-to modulation symbols, and these bits may be referred to as amplitude bits. Another subset of the bits input to the bit-to-symbol mapper 230 may be used to determine the signs (e.g., polarities, phases, or both) of the mapped-to modulation symbols, and these bits may be referred to as sign bits.
[0098] Because at least a portion of the bits input to the bit-to-symbol mapper 230 have been shaped, different modulation symbols within the symbol constellation used by the bit-to-symbol mapper 230 may have different likelihoods of being mapped to and transmitted over the air, and thus PCS may be implemented. For example, because the amplitude bits are based on the k information bits, the likelihood of a modulation symbol being mapped to may depend on the amplitude of the modulation symbol (e.g., lower amplitude modulation symbols, which may be nearer to a center of the symbol constellation, may be more likely to be mapped to than higher amplitude modulation symbols, which may be further from the center of the symbols constellation) . In some cases, the wireless device 205-a may multiply the amplitude bits with the sign bits and map the resulting products to the modulation symbols.
[0099] Modulation symbols corresponding to the transport block 210 may be output by the bit-to-symbol mapper 230. The wireless device 205-a may map the modulation symbols to a set of resources for transmission via the communication link 125-a. The wireless device 205-a may then transmit the modulated symbols via the set of resources to convey the information represented by the bits of the transport block 210. The wireless device 205-b may receive, via the communication link 125-a, the modulation symbols corresponding to the transport block 210.
[0100] The wireless device 205-b may perform a decoding operation to process the transport block 210 (e.g., to obtain the bits of the transport block 210 based on the corresponding modulation symbols) . The decoding operation performed by the wireless device 205-b may be an inverse of the processing procedure performed by the wireless device 205-a. For example, the wireless device 205-b may input the received modulation symbols to a bitwise demapper 235 to obtain a set of bits corresponding to the modulation symbols. The set of bits may include systematic bits and parity bits. The wireless device 205-b may input the set of bits to an FEC decoder 240 to extract the information bits, after which the wireless device 205-b may convert the information bits to symbols via a bit-to-symbol converter 245. The bit-to-symbol converter 245 may output interim symbols (e.g., shaped symbols) corresponding to the shaped symbols output by the shaper 215 the wireless device 205-a. The wireless device 205-b may implement a deshaper 250 to recover the original information bits transmitted by the wireless device 205-a. The deshaper 250 may utilize one or more deshaping procedures, which may accept, from the bit-to-symbol converter 245, an input sequence of interim symbols (e.g., interim symbols) and output a corresponding set of bits (e.g., k bits) . The set of bits output by the deshaper 250 may correspond to the original information bits encoded by the wireless device 205-a.
[0101] As such, using PAS instead of geometric shaping for constellation shaping may result in a decrease in transmit power and receiver complexity and an increase in gain compared to using geometric shaping. As the receiver may be relatively less complex, the wireless devices capable of receiving transport blocks in accordance with PAS may increase. Further, as more wireless devices may be used in this manner, the efficiency of communications and energy resources (e.g., time and power resources) may also increase. Further descriptions of using PAS for increased efficiency in communications may be described with reference to FIGs. 3–5.
[0102] FIG. 3 shows an example of a wireless communications system 300 that supports transport block sizing for constellation shaping in accordance with one or more aspects of the present disclosure. In some examples, the wireless communications system 300 may implement or be implemented by the wireless communications system 100 or the wireless communications system 200. For example, the wireless communications system 300 may include a wireless device 305-a and a wireless device 305-b which may include or be an example of a network entity 105, a UE 115, or any other device capable of transmitting wireless signals described herein with reference to FIG. 1. The wireless device 305-a and the wireless device 305-b may communicate via a communication link 310. The communication link 310 may be examples of a Uu link, a sidelink, a backhaul link, a D2D link or some other type of communication link 125 described herein with reference to FIG. 1. In some cases, the wireless device 305-a may be configured with an encoder 320 and the wireless device 305-b may be configured with a decoder 325. However, it should be understood that both the wireless device 305-a and the wireless device 305-b may be configured with the encoder 320, the decoder 325, or both.
[0103] In some examples, the wireless device 305-a may obtain a set of information bits for PAS. The wireless device 305-a may transmit the information bits to the wireless device 305-b in a transport block 315 via the communication link 310. In some cases, the wireless device 305-a may encode, at an encoder 320, the set of information bits into the transport block 315 as part of a constellation shaping procedure, such as a PAS procedure described with reference to FIG. 2, where the transport block 315 includes a set of encoded information bits. In some examples, to encode the transport block 315, the wireless device 305-a may determine a transport block size for the transport block 315. The transport block size for the transport block 315 may be determined based on a quantity information bits, Ninfo, which may be based on a quantity of allocated resources for the wireless device 305-a, NRE, a coding rate, R, a modulation order, Qm, and a quantity of layers, v (e.g., a quantity of MIMO layers) . The wireless device 305-a may calculate the value of Ninfo in accordance with Equation 2 below. Ninfo= NRE*R*Qm*v (2)
[0104] In the example of Equation 2, the wireless device 305-a may determine the value of Ninfobased on the coding rate and the modulation order from an MCS table preconfigured at the wireless device 305-a. In some cases, a resource allocation for physical downlink shared channel (PDSCH) may be received using a first DCI format (e.g., 1_0) and v may be fixed to one. In some other cases, v may be equivalent to a quantity of allocated demodulation reference signal (DMRS) ports. The quantity of layers, v, may also be obtained from a column of a table used by a second DCI format (e.g., the ‘DMRS Ports’ column within the ‘Antenna Ports’ look-up table used by DCI format 1_1) . Further, the quantity of allocated resources, NRE, at the wireless device 305-a, may determined by a quantity of resource elements per resource block available for data transfer, N′RE.
[0105] The quantity of resource elements per resource block, N′RE, may be based on a product of the quantity of subcarriers in a physical resource block (PRB) , which may be equal to 12, and a quantity of symbols of the PDSCH allocation within a slot, The wireless device 305-a may subtract the product by a quantity of resource elements for DMRSs per PRB during a scheduled duration, and an overhead value configured by higher layer parameters (e.g., Xoh-PDSCH RRC information element) , which may reduce the quantity of resource elements available for data transfer. In some cases, when the wireless device 305-a may have not received any value or configuration for the the overhead may be assumed by the wireless device 305-a to be equal to zero. Further, after calculating N′RE, NRE may be calculated based on a minimum value between 156 and N′RE multiplied by a total quantity of allocated PRBs for the wireless device 305-a, nPRB. In cases, when N′RE may be greater than 156, N′RE may be rounded down to 156 as the resource allocation for the wireless device 305-a may not be larger than 156 resource elements within the bandwidth of a single resource block. Further, the total quantity of resource elements within the bandwidth of a single resource block may be equal to 168 resource elements using a standard cyclic prefix. As such, the value of N′RE and NRE may be calculated in accordance with Equation 3 and Equation 4 below. NRE= min (156, N′RE) *nPRB (4)
[0106] Therefore, the value of NRE may be calculated in accordance with Equations 3 and 4 to be used for calculating Ninfo in Equation 2. To determine the transport block size, the wireless device 305-a may determine whether the value of Ninfo may be less than or equal to 3824 information bits. In cases where value of Ninfo may be greater than 3824 information bits, additional calculations may be performed based on the value of the coding rate, R. Similarly, when the wireless device 305-b receives the transport block 315 and decodes the transport block 315 at a decoder 325, the wireless device 305-b may perform similar procedures to determine the transport block size of the transport block 315 before decoding the transport block 315.
[0107] According to the techniques described herein, the wireless device 305-a may use PAS to encode information bits for the transport block 315. In such cases, while the modulation order may remain the same, the effective quantity of information bits carried may change and be different based on changes to the distribution. As such, the calculations described with reference to Equations 2 may be inadequate for aiding the wireless device 305-a in determining the size of the transport block 315. Therefore, the techniques of the present disclosure describe taking the symbol distribution or shaped constellations into account when calculating Ninfo. Further description of calculating Ninfo while using PAS for encoding the transport block 315 may be described with reference to FIGs. 4 and 5.
[0108] FIG. 4 shows an example of a flowchart 400 that supports transport block sizing for constellation shaping in accordance with one or more aspects of the present disclosure. The operations of the flowchart 400 may be implemented by a wireless device (e.g., a UE 115 or a network entity 105) . In some examples, flowchart 400 may implement or be implemented by the wireless communications system 100, the wireless communications system 200, or the wireless communications system 300. In the following description of the flowchart 400 operations between wireless devices may be performed in different orders or at different times. Some operations may also be left out of the flowchart 400, or other operations may be added.
[0109] At 405, a first wireless device may receive a transport block from a second wireless device. To effectively decode the transport block, the first wireless device may determine the transport block size of the transport block received at 405. In some cases, as described with reference to FIG. 3, the transport block size may be determined by a quantity of information bits, Ninfo, which may be based on a quantity of allocated resources for the wireless device, NRE, a coding rate, R, a modulation order, Qm, and a quantity of MIMO layers at the wireless device v. In some examples, as described herein, when using PAS, the first wireless device may calculate an effective modulation order, Q′m, for use in place of Qm for calculation Ninfo in Equation 2. As such, the first wireless device may calculate Ninfo in accordance with Equation 5 below. Ninfo= NRE*R*Q′m*v (5)
[0110] The effective modulation order, Q′m, may be based on a set of probability values for a set of mapping symbols for the PAS. Further, Q′m may also be based on an modulation order for uniform constellation mapping procedures (e.g., Qm) The first wireless device may determine of identify the value of Qm from an MCS table configured at the first wireless device. In some cases, the MCS table may be configured by the second wireless device or a separate wireless device.
[0111] In some examples, the first wireless device may determine Q′m via a calculation (e.g., option 1) or the first wireless device may identify Q′m within an MCS table (e.g., option 2) . For example, at 410, the first wireless device may calculate Q′m using Qm (e.g., the modulation order for uniform mapping procedures) and a set of probability values associated with the distribution parameters for the PAS (e.g., option 1) . As such the first wireless device may calculate Q′m by taking the sum from a j-th symbol, where j starts at zero, to the square root of the modulation order, Q, minus 1. The sum may be of a product of a negative symbol probability of a corresponding j-th ASK symbol, pj, which may be associated with the MCS configuration, and the log base two of the symbol probability, and then the sum may be multiplied by two. The symbol probability, pj, may be pre-configured for different symbol alphabets (e.g., p (1) =0.8 or p (3) =0.2 for 4-ASK or 16QAM with in-phase and quadrature (I / Q) branches) . Additionally, or alternatively, the symbol probability may be generated via a Maxwell-Boltzmann distribution with given parameter controlling. While the symbol probability may be described as being generated via the Maxwell-Boltzmann distribution, it should be understood that the symbol probability may be generated via other types of probabilistic distributions.
[0112] Therefore, the calculation of Q′m may reflect the entropy of the modulated PAS symbols. Further, the calculation of Q′m may be shown by Equation 6 below.
[0113] As such, the first wireless device may use the result of Equation 6 for calculating Ninfo in Equation 5. In some cases, the quantity of layers, v, may be greater than one and for different probability settings for different layers or resource blocks the first wireless device may average the effective modulation order across the quantity of layers or resource blocks. As such, Q′m may be calculated based on the sum of the quantity of layers in the spatial domain, the sum of the quantity of resource blocks (RBs) in the frequency domain and the sum from the j-th symbol, where j starts at zero, to the square root of the modulation order, Q, minus 1. The sums being of a product of a negative symbol probability of the frequency and spatial domain of a corresponding j-th ASK symbol, pf, s, j, and the log base two of the symbol probability, all divided by an associated frequency and spatial domain grid, NfNs, and then the quotient may be multiplied by two. In some cases, the symbol probabilities for different layers or frequency bands may be pre-configured or determined via a probabilistic distribution (e.g., a Maxwell-Boltzmann distribution) . The calculation of Q′m when averaged across layers may be shown by Equation 7 below.
[0114] As such, when v >1, Equation 7 may be used to calculate Q′m instead of Equation 6. Using the value of Q′m, the first wireless device may be able to calculate Ninfo using Equation 5. Therefore, based on the value of Ninfo, at 415 the first wireless device may determine the transport block size of the transport block received at 405. Following determining the transport block size, at 420, the first wireless device may decode the transport block at 405 to obtain a set of information bits that were encoded into the transport block by the second wireless device.
[0115] In some examples, the first wireless device may determine the effective modulation order based on a MCS table (e.g., option 2) . For example, for each MCS level, a Q′m value may be assigned to a respective MCS index with a Qm value and an R value. At 425, the first wireless device may look at the MCS table and determine which value of Q′m to use based on the assigned value of Qm. In some cases, the MCS table may also include the distribution parameters associated with the PAS used to encode the transport block received at 405. That is, the MCS table may also include an MCS index, a coding rate, a modulation order, distribution parameters for PAS, and an effective modulation order. In some other examples, the value of Q′m and the associated distribution parameters may be in a second MCS table separate from the MCS table indicating the value of Qm and R. That is, the first wireless device may be configured with two MCS tables. Therefore, based on the value of Q′m from an MCS table, the first wireless device may use that value to calculate Ninfo using Equation 5, and at 430, the first wireless device may determine the transport block based on the value of Q′m identified from an MCS table. Following determining the transport block size, at 420, the first wireless device may decode the transport block at 405 to obtain a set of information bits that were encoded into the transport block by the second wireless device. Having the value of Q′m and the distribution parameters within the MCS table may also allow for when the first wireless device may have low computation resource or may be offline and unable to compute the value of Q′m.
[0116] In the example of FIG. 4, the first wireless device may use either the first or the second option to determine the transport block size for decoding a received transport block. It should be understood that the second wireless device that transmits the transport block, may also use either the first or second option for determining the transport block size for encoding the transport block to be transmitted to the first wireless device. As such, even though the example described and illustrated in FIG. 4 may be described as the first wireless device receiving the transport block, similar calculations and procedures may be done by the second wireless device to aid in encoding the transport block. Further, in some cases, the first wireless device may use the calculations and procedures describe herein to encode a transport block and transmit the transport block to the second wireless device. That is, in some cases, both the first wireless device and the second wireless device may be capable of determining a transport block size for encoding a transport block and for decoding a transport block. Further descriptions of the techniques described herein may be described with reference to FIG. 5.
[0117] FIG. 5 shows an example of a process flow 500 that supports transport block sizing for constellation shaping in accordance with one or more aspects of the present disclosure. In some examples, the process flow 500 may implement or be implemented by the wireless communications system 100, the wireless communications system 200, or the wireless communications system 300. For example, the process flow 500 may include a wireless device 505-a and a wireless device 505-b, which may represent examples of corresponding devices described herein. In this example, the wireless device 505-a and the wireless device 505-b may be an example of a UE 115 or a network entity 105, or some other type of device. The process flow 500 illustrates communications between the wireless device 505-a and the wireless device 505-b encoding, transmitting, and decoding a transport block while PAS may be used.
[0118] In the following description of the process flow 500, the operations between the wireless device 505-a and the wireless device 505-b may be performed in different orders or at different times. Some operations may also be left out of the process flow 500, or other operations may be added. Although the wireless device 505-a and the wireless device 505-b are shown performing the operations of the process flow 500, some aspects of some operations may also be performed by one or more other wireless devices.
[0119] At 510, the wireless device 505-a may obtain a set of information bits for a shaping procedure. In some cases, the shaping procedure may be a PAS procedure. To transmit the set of information bits to the wireless device 505-b the wireless device 505-a may encode the set of information bits into a transport block
[0120] At 515, the wireless device 505-a may encode, as part of the shaping procedure, the set of information bits to obtain the transport block that includes the encoded set of information bits based on the size of the transport block. The size of the transport block may be based on a quantity of resources allocated for the set of information bits, a coding rate, and a set of probability values associated with a set of mapping symbols for the shaping procedure. In some cases, while encoding the transport block or before decoding the transport block, the wireless device 505-a may receive a first message indicated a set of distribution parameters for the shaping procedure, the set of distribution parameters including the set of probability values. Additionally, or alternatively, the first message may indicate an MCS for encoding the set of information bits. In some other cases, the wireless device 505-a may receive a second message indicating the MCS before receiving the first message indicating the set of distribution parameters.
[0121] In some examples, size of the transport block may be based on a quantity of MIMO layers and an effective modulation order that may be averaged across the quantity of MIMO layers. The effective modulation may be for the shaping procedure and may be based on the set of probability values and a modulation order for uniform mapping procedures. In some other examples, the size of the transport block may be based on the coding rate, the modulation order for the uniform mapping procedures, a distribution associated with the shaping procedure, and the effective modulation order, all indicated within an MCS table. In some cases, the coding rate and the modulation order may be indicated in a first MCS table and the effective modulation order and the distribution associated with the shaping procedure may be indicated in a second MCS table.
[0122] At 520, the wireless device 505-a may transmit, to the wireless device 505-b, the transport block including the encoded set on information bits in accordance with the shaping procedure. At 525, the wireless device 505-b may decode the transport block based on the size of the transport block. The size of the transport block may be based on a quantity of resources allocated for the set of information bits, a coding rate, a modulation rate, and a set of probability values associated with a set of mapping symbols for the shaping procedure. The techniques for the wireless device 505-b determining the size of the transport block while decoding the transport block at 525 may be similar to the techniques used by the wireless device 505-a for encoding the transport block at 515. At 530, the wireless device 505-b may obtain a set of information bits based on decoding the transport block including the encoded set of information bits. The set of information bits may be based on the encoded set of information bits.
[0123] FIG. 6 shows a block diagram 600 of a device 605 that supports transport block sizing for constellation shaping in accordance with one or more aspects of the present disclosure. The device 605 may be an example of aspects of a wireless device as described herein. The device 605 may include a receiver 610, a transmitter 615, and a communications manager 620. The device 605 may also include one or more processors. Each of these components may be in communication with one another (e.g., via one or more buses) .
[0124] The receiver 610 may provide a means for receiving information such as packets, user data, control information, or any combination thereof associated with various information channels (e.g., control channels, data channels, information channels related to transport block sizing for constellation shaping) . Information may be passed on to other components of the device 605. The receiver 610 may utilize a single antenna or a set of multiple antennas.
[0125] The transmitter 615 may provide a means for transmitting signals generated by other components of the device 605. For example, the transmitter 615 may transmit information such as packets, user data, control information, or any combination thereof associated with various information channels (e.g., control channels, data channels, information channels related to transport block sizing for constellation shaping) . In some examples, the transmitter 615 may be co-located with a receiver 610 in a transceiver module. The transmitter 615 may utilize a single antenna or a set of multiple antennas.
[0126] The communications manager 620, the receiver 610, the transmitter 615, or various combinations thereof or various components thereof may be examples of means for performing various aspects of transport block sizing for constellation shaping as described herein. For example, the communications manager 620, the receiver 610, the transmitter 615, or various combinations or components thereof may support a method for performing one or more of the functions described herein.
[0127] In some examples, the communications manager 620, the receiver 610, the transmitter 615, or various combinations or components thereof may be implemented in hardware (e.g., in communications management circuitry) . The hardware may include one or more processors, a DSP, a CPU, an ASIC, an FPGA or other programmable logic device, a microcontroller, discrete gate or transistor logic, discrete hardware components, or any combination thereof configured as or otherwise supporting a means for performing the functions described in the present disclosure. In some examples, one or more processors and memory coupled with the one or more processors may be configured to perform one or more of the functions described herein (e.g., by executing, by the one or more processors, instructions stored in the one or more memories) .
[0128] Additionally, or alternatively, in some examples, the communications manager 620, the receiver 610, the transmitter 615, or various combinations or components thereof may be implemented in code (e.g., as communications management software or firmware) executed by one or more processors. If implemented in code executed by one or more processors, the functions of the communications manager 620, the receiver 610, the transmitter 615, or various combinations or components thereof may be performed by a general-purpose processor, a DSP, a CPU, an ASIC, an FPGA, a microcontroller, or any combination of these or other programmable logic devices (e.g., configured as or otherwise supporting a means for performing the functions described in the present disclosure) .
[0129] In some examples, the communications manager 620 may be configured to perform various operations (e.g., receiving, obtaining, monitoring, outputting, transmitting) using or otherwise in cooperation with the receiver 610, the transmitter 615, or both. For example, the communications manager 620 may receive information from the receiver 610, send information to the transmitter 615, or be integrated in combination with the receiver 610, the transmitter 615, or both to obtain information, output information, or perform various other operations as described herein.
[0130] The communications manager 620 may support wireless communications at a wireless device in accordance with examples as disclosed herein. For example, the communications manager 620 is capable of, configured to, or operable to support a means for obtaining a set of information bits for a shaping procedure. The communications manager 620 is capable of, configured to, or operable to support a means for encoding, as part of the shaping procedure, the set of information bits to obtain a transport block that includes the encoded set of information bits based on a size of the transport block, where the size of the transport block is based on a quantity of resources allocated for the set of information bits, a coding rate, and a set of probability values associated with a set of mapping symbols of the shaping procedure. The communications manager 620 is capable of, configured to, or operable to support a means for transmitting the transport block including the encoded set of information bits in accordance with the shaping procedure.
[0131] Additionally, or alternatively, the communications manager 620 may support wireless communications at a wireless device in accordance with examples as disclosed herein. For example, the communications manager 620 is capable of, configured to, or operable to support a means for receiving a transport block including an encoded set of information bits in accordance with a shaping procedure. The communications manager 620 is capable of, configured to, or operable to support a means for decoding the transport block including the encoded set of information bits based on a size of the transport block, where the size of the transport block is based on a quantity of resources allocated for the encoded set of information bits, a coding rate, and a set of probability values associated with a set of mapping symbols of the shaping procedure. The communications manager 620 is capable of, configured to, or operable to support a means for obtaining a set of information bits based on decoding the transport block including the encoded set of information bits, the set of information bits being based on the encoded set of information bits.
[0132] By including or configuring the communications manager 620 in accordance with examples as described herein, the device 605 (e.g., one or more processors controlling or otherwise coupled with the receiver 610, the transmitter 615, the communications manager 620, or a combination thereof) may support techniques for determining a transport block size for more efficient utilization of communication resources.
[0133] FIG. 7 shows a block diagram 700 of a device 705 that supports transport block sizing for constellation shaping in accordance with one or more aspects of the present disclosure. The device 705 may be an example of aspects of a device 605 or a wireless device (e.g., a UE 115 or a network entity 105) as described herein. The device 705 may include a receiver 710, a transmitter 715, and a communications manager 720. The device 705 may also include one or more processors. Each of these components may be in communication with one another (e.g., via one or more buses) .
[0134] The receiver 710 may provide a means for receiving information such as packets, user data, control information, or any combination thereof associated with various information channels (e.g., control channels, data channels, information channels related to transport block sizing for constellation shaping) . Information may be passed on to other components of the device 705. The receiver 710 may utilize a single antenna or a set of multiple antennas.
[0135] The transmitter 715 may provide a means for transmitting signals generated by other components of the device 705. For example, the transmitter 715 may transmit information such as packets, user data, control information, or any combination thereof associated with various information channels (e.g., control channels, data channels, information channels related to transport block sizing for constellation shaping) . In some examples, the transmitter 715 may be co-located with a receiver 710 in a transceiver module. The transmitter 715 may utilize a single antenna or a set of multiple antennas.
[0136] The device 705, or various components thereof, may be an example of means for performing various aspects of transport block sizing for constellation shaping as described herein. For example, the communications manager 720 may include an information bits receiver 725, a transport block encoder 730, a transport block transmitter 735, a transport block receiver 740, a transport block decoder 745, or any combination thereof. The communications manager 720 may be an example of aspects of a communications manager 620 as described herein. In some examples, the communications manager 720, or various components thereof, may be configured to perform various operations (e.g., receiving, obtaining, monitoring, outputting, transmitting) using or otherwise in cooperation with the receiver 710, the transmitter 715, or both. For example, the communications manager 720 may receive information from the receiver 710, send information to the transmitter 715, or be integrated in combination with the receiver 710, the transmitter 715, or both to obtain information, output information, or perform various other operations as described herein.
[0137] The communications manager 720 may support wireless communications at a wireless device in accordance with examples as disclosed herein. The information bits receiver 725 is capable of, configured to, or operable to support a means for obtaining a set of information bits for a shaping procedure. The transport block encoder 730 is capable of, configured to, or operable to support a means for encoding, as part of the shaping procedure, the set of information bits to obtain a transport block that includes the encoded set of information bits based on a size of the transport block, where the size of the transport block is based on a quantity of resources allocated for the set of information bits, a coding rate, and a set of probability values associated with a set of mapping symbols of the shaping procedure. The transport block transmitter 735 is capable of, configured to, or operable to support a means for transmitting the transport block including the encoded set of information bits in accordance with the shaping procedure.
[0138] Additionally, or alternatively, the communications manager 720 may support wireless communications at a wireless device in accordance with examples as disclosed herein. The transport block receiver 740 is capable of, configured to, or operable to support a means for receiving a transport block including an encoded set of information bits in accordance with a shaping procedure. The transport block decoder 745 is capable of, configured to, or operable to support a means for decoding the transport block including the encoded set of information bits based on a size of the transport block, where the size of the transport block is based on a quantity of resources allocated for the encoded set of information bits, a coding rate, and a set of probability values associated with a set of mapping symbols of the shaping procedure. The information bits receiver 725 is capable of, configured to, or operable to support a means for obtaining a set of information bits based on decoding the transport block including the encoded set of information bits, the set of information bits being based on the encoded set of information bits.
[0139] FIG. 8 shows a block diagram 800 of a communications manager 820 that supports transport block sizing for constellation shaping in accordance with one or more aspects of the present disclosure. The communications manager 820 may be an example of aspects of a communications manager 620, a communications manager 720, or both, as described herein. The communications manager 820, or various components thereof, may be an example of means for performing various aspects of transport block sizing for constellation shaping as described herein. For example, the communications manager 820 may include an information bits receiver 825, a transport block encoder 830, a transport block transmitter 835, a transport block receiver 840, a transport block decoder 845, a first message receiver 850, a second message receiver 855, or any combination thereof. Each of these components may communicate, directly or indirectly, with one another (e.g., via one or more buses) .
[0140] The communications manager 820 may support wireless communications at a wireless device in accordance with examples as disclosed herein. The information bits receiver 825 is capable of, configured to, or operable to support a means for obtaining a set of information bits for a shaping procedure. The transport block encoder 830 is capable of, configured to, or operable to support a means for encoding, as part of the shaping procedure, the set of information bits to obtain a transport block that includes the encoded set of information bits based on a size of the transport block, where the size of the transport block is based on a quantity of resources allocated for the set of information bits, a coding rate, and a set of probability values associated with a set of mapping symbols of the shaping procedure. The transport block transmitter 835 is capable of, configured to, or operable to support a means for transmitting the transport block including the encoded set of information bits in accordance with the shaping procedure.
[0141] In some examples, the first message receiver 850 is capable of, configured to, or operable to support a means for receiving a first message indicating a set of distribution parameters for the shaping procedure, the set of distribution parameters including the set of probability values.
[0142] In some examples, to support receiving the first message, the first message receiver 850 is capable of, configured to, or operable to support a means for receiving, in the first message, an indication of a modulation and coding scheme for encoding the set of information bits.
[0143] In some examples, the second message receiver 855 is capable of, configured to, or operable to support a means for receiving a second message indicating a modulation and coding scheme for encoding the set of information bits, where the first message is received after the second message based on the modulation and coding scheme.
[0144] In some examples, to support encoding the set of information bits, the transport block encoder 830 is capable of, configured to, or operable to support a means for encoding the set of information bits to obtain the transport block based on the size of the transport block, the size of the transport block based on a quantity of multiple input multiple output layers and an effective modulation order that is averaged across the quantity of multiple input multiple output, the effective modulation order being for the shaping procedure and being based on the set of probability values and on a modulation order for uniform mapping procedures.
[0145] In some examples, to support encoding the set of information bits, the transport block encoder 830 is capable of, configured to, or operable to support a means for encoding the set of information bits to obtain the transport block based on the size of the transport block, the size of the transport block based on the coding rate and an effective modulation order indicated in a table, where the table indicates the coding rate, a modulation order, a distribution associated with the shaping procedure, and the effective modulation order, the effective modulation order being for the shaping procedure and being based on the set of probability values and on the modulation order, where the modulation order is for uniform mapping procedures.
[0146] In some examples, to support encoding the set of information bits, the transport block encoder 830 is capable of, configured to, or operable to support a means for encoding the set of information bits to obtain the transport block based on the size of the transport block, the size of the transport block based on the coding rate and a modulation order indicated in a first table and on an effective modulation order indicated in a second table, where the second table includes a distribution associated with the shaping procedure and includes the effective modulation order, the effective modulation order being for the shaping procedure and being based on the set of probability values and on the modulation order, where the modulation order is for uniform mapping procedures.
[0147] Additionally, or alternatively, the communications manager 820 may support wireless communications at a wireless device in accordance with examples as disclosed herein. The transport block receiver 840 is capable of, configured to, or operable to support a means for receiving a transport block including an encoded set of information bits in accordance with a shaping procedure. The transport block decoder 845 is capable of, configured to, or operable to support a means for decoding the transport block including the encoded set of information bits based on a size of the transport block, where the size of the transport block is based on a quantity of resources allocated for the encoded set of information bits, a coding rate, and a set of probability values associated with a set of mapping symbols of the shaping procedure. In some examples, the information bits receiver 825 is capable of, configured to, or operable to support a means for obtaining a set of information bits based on decoding the transport block including the encoded set of information bits, the set of information bits being based on the encoded set of information bits.
[0148] In some examples, the first message receiver 850 is capable of, configured to, or operable to support a means for receiving a first message indicating a set of distribution parameters for the shaping procedure, the set of distribution parameters including the set of probability values.
[0149] In some examples, to support receiving the first message, the first message receiver 850 is capable of, configured to, or operable to support a means for receiving, in the first message, an indication of a modulation and coding scheme for decoding the set of information bits.
[0150] In some examples, the second message receiver 855 is capable of, configured to, or operable to support a means for receiving a second message indicating a modulation and coding scheme for decoding the set of information bits, where the first message is received after the second message based on the modulation and coding scheme.
[0151] In some examples, to support decoding the set of information bits, the transport block decoder 845 is capable of, configured to, or operable to support a means for decoding the transport block to obtain the set of information bits based on the size of the transport block, the size of the transport block based on a quantity of multiple input multiple output layers and an effective modulation order that is averaged across the quantity of multiple input multiple output layers, the effective modulation order being for the shaping procedure and based on the set of probability values and on a modulation order for uniform mapping procedures.
[0152] In some examples, to support decoding the set of information bits, the transport block decoder 845 is capable of, configured to, or operable to support a means for decoding the transport block to obtain the set of information bits based on the size of the transport block, the size of the transport block based on the coding rate and an effective modulation order indicated in a table, where the table indicates the coding rate, a modulation order, a distribution associated with the shaping procedure, and the effective modulation order, the effective modulation order being for the shaping procedure and being based on the set of probability values and on the modulation order, where the modulation order is for uniform mapping procedures.
[0153] In some examples, to support decoding the set of information bits, the transport block decoder 845 is capable of, configured to, or operable to support a means for decoding the transport block to obtain the set of information bits based on the size of the transport block, the size of the transport block based on the coding rate and a modulation order indicated in a first table and on an effective modulation order indicated in a second table, where the second table includes a distribution associated with the shaping procedure and includes the effective modulation order, the effective modulation order being for the shaping procedure and being based on the set of probability values and on the modulation order, where the modulation order is for uniform mapping procedures.
[0154] FIG. 9 shows a diagram of a system 900 including a device 905 that supports transport block sizing for constellation shaping in accordance with one or more aspects of the present disclosure. The device 905 may be an example of or include the components of a device 605, a device 705, or a wireless device as described herein. The device 905 may include components for bi-directional voice and data communications including components for transmitting and receiving communications, such as a communications manager 920, an I / O controller 910, a transceiver 915, an antenna 925, one or more memories 930, code 935, and one or more processors 940. These components may be in electronic communication or otherwise coupled (e.g., operatively, communicatively, functionally, electronically, electrically) via one or more buses (e.g., a bus 945) .
[0155] The I / O controller 910 may manage input and output signals for the device 905. The I / O controller 910 may also manage peripherals not integrated into the device 905. In some cases, the I / O controller 910 may represent a physical connection or port to an external peripheral. In some cases, the I / O controller 910 may utilize an operating system such as or another known operating system. Additionally, or alternatively, the I / O controller 910 may represent or interact with a modem, a keyboard, a mouse, a touchscreen, or a similar device. In some cases, the I / O controller 910 may be implemented as part of one or more processors, such as the one or more processors 940. In some cases, a user may interact with the device 905 via the I / O controller 910 or via hardware components controlled by the I / O controller 910.
[0156] In some cases, the device 905 may include a single antenna 925. However, in some other cases, the device 905 may have more than one antenna 925, which may be capable of concurrently transmitting or receiving multiple wireless transmissions. The transceiver 915 may communicate bi-directionally, via the one or more antennas 925, wired, or wireless links as described herein. For example, the transceiver 915 may represent a wireless transceiver and may communicate bi-directionally with another wireless transceiver. The transceiver 915 may also include a modem to modulate the packets, to provide the modulated packets to one or more antennas 925 for transmission, and to demodulate packets received from the one or more antennas 925. The transceiver 915, or the transceiver 915 and one or more antennas 925, may be an example of a transmitter 615, a transmitter 715, a receiver 610, a receiver 710, or any combination thereof or component thereof, as described herein.
[0157] The one or more memories 930 may include RAM and ROM. The one or more memories 930 may store computer-readable, computer-executable code 935 including instructions that, when executed by the one or more processors 940, cause the device 905 to perform various functions described herein. The code 935 may be stored in a non-transitory computer-readable medium such as system memory or another type of memory. In some cases, the code 935 may not be directly executable by the one or more processors 940 but may cause a computer (e.g., when compiled and executed) to perform functions described herein. In some cases, the one or more memories 930 may contain, among other things, a BIOS which may control basic hardware or software operation such as the interaction with peripheral components or devices.
[0158] The one or more processors 940 may include an intelligent hardware device (e.g., a general-purpose processor, a DSP, a CPU, a microcontroller, an ASIC, an FPGA, a programmable logic device, a discrete gate or transistor logic component, a discrete hardware component, or any combination thereof) . In some cases, the one or more processors 940 may be configured to operate a memory array using a memory controller. In some other cases, a memory controller may be integrated into the one or more processors 940. The one or more processors 940 may be configured to execute computer-readable instructions stored in one or more memories (e.g., the one or more memories 930) to cause the device 905 to perform various functions (e.g., functions or tasks supporting transport block sizing for constellation shaping) . For example, the device 905 or a component of the device 905 may include one or more processors 940 and memory 930 coupled with or to the one or more processors 940, and memory 930 configured to perform various functions described herein.
[0159] The communications manager 920 may support wireless communications at a wireless device in accordance with examples as disclosed herein. For example, the communications manager 920 is capable of, configured to, or operable to support a means for obtaining a set of information bits for a shaping procedure. The communications manager 920 is capable of, configured to, or operable to support a means for encoding, as part of the shaping procedure, the set of information bits to obtain a transport block that includes the encoded set of information bits based on a size of the transport block, where the size of the transport block is based on a quantity of resources allocated for the set of information bits, a coding rate, and a set of probability values associated with a set of mapping symbols of the shaping procedure. The communications manager 920 is capable of, configured to, or operable to support a means for transmitting the transport block including the encoded set of information bits in accordance with the shaping procedure.
[0160] Additionally, or alternatively, the communications manager 920 may support wireless communications at a wireless device in accordance with examples as disclosed herein. For example, the communications manager 920 is capable of, configured to, or operable to support a means for receiving a transport block including an encoded set of information bits in accordance with a shaping procedure. The communications manager 920 is capable of, configured to, or operable to support a means for decoding the transport block including the encoded set of information bits based on a size of the transport block, where the size of the transport block is based on a quantity of resources allocated for the encoded set of information bits, a coding rate, and a set of probability values associated with a set of mapping symbols of the shaping procedure. The communications manager 920 is capable of, configured to, or operable to support a means for obtaining a set of information bits based on decoding the transport block including the encoded set of information bits, the set of information bits being based on the encoded set of information bits.
[0161] By including or configuring the communications manager 920 in accordance with examples as described herein, the device 905 may support techniques for determining a transport block size for improved communication reliability, more efficient utilization of communication resources, and improved coordination between devices.
[0162] In some examples, the communications manager 920 may be configured to perform various operations (e.g., receiving, monitoring, transmitting) using or otherwise in cooperation with the transceiver 915, the one or more antennas 925, or any combination thereof. Although the communications manager 920 is illustrated as a separate component, in some examples, one or more functions described with reference to the communications manager 920 may be supported by or performed by the one or more processors 940, the one or more memories 930, the code 935, or any combination thereof. For example, the code 935 may include instructions executable by the one or more processors 940 to cause the device 905 to perform various aspects of transport block sizing for constellation shaping as described herein, or the one or more processors 940 and the one or more memories 930 may be otherwise configured to perform or support such operations.
[0163] FIG. 10 shows a flowchart illustrating a method 1000 that supports transport block sizing for constellation shaping in accordance with aspects of the present disclosure. The operations of the method 1000 may be implemented by a wireless device or its components as described herein. For example, the operations of the method 1000 may be performed by a wireless device as described with reference to FIGs. 1 through 9. In some examples, a wireless device may execute a set of instructions to control the functional elements of the wireless device to perform the described functions. Additionally, or alternatively, the wireless device may perform aspects of the described functions using special-purpose hardware.
[0164] At 1005, the method may include obtaining a set of information bits for a shaping procedure. The operations of block 1005 may be performed in accordance with examples as disclosed herein. In some examples, aspects of the operations of 1005 may be performed by an information bits receiver 825 as described with reference to FIG. 8.
[0165] At 1010, the method may include encoding, as part of the shaping procedure, the set of information bits to obtain a transport block that includes the encoded set of information bits based on a size of the transport block, where the size of the transport block is based on a quantity of resources allocated for the set of information bits, a coding rate, and a set of probability values associated with a set of mapping symbols of the shaping procedure. The operations of block 1010 may be performed in accordance with examples as disclosed herein. In some examples, aspects of the operations of 1010 may be performed by a transport block encoder 830 as described with reference to FIG. 8.
[0166] At 1015, the method may include transmitting the transport block including the encoded set of information bits in accordance with the shaping procedure. The operations of block 1015 may be performed in accordance with examples as disclosed herein. In some examples, aspects of the operations of 1015 may be performed by a transport block transmitter 835 as described with reference to FIG. 8.
[0167] FIG. 11 shows a flowchart illustrating a method 1100 that supports transport block sizing for constellation shaping in accordance with aspects of the present disclosure. The operations of the method 1100 may be implemented by a wireless device or its components as described herein. For example, the operations of the method 1100 may be performed by a wireless device as described with reference to FIGs. 1 through 9. In some examples, a wireless device may execute a set of instructions to control the functional elements of the wireless device to perform the described functions. Additionally, or alternatively, the wireless device may perform aspects of the described functions using special-purpose hardware.
[0168] At 1105, the method may include obtaining a set of information bits for a shaping procedure. The operations of block 1105 may be performed in accordance with examples as disclosed herein. In some examples, aspects of the operations of 1105 may be performed by an information bits receiver 825 as described with reference to FIG. 8.
[0169] At 1110, the method may include encoding the set of information bits to obtain a transport block based on a size of the transport block, the size of the transport block based on a coding rate and an effective modulation order indicated in a table, where the table indicates the coding rate, a modulation order, a distribution associated with the shaping procedure, and the effective modulation order, the effective modulation order being for the shaping procedure and being based on a set of probability values and on the modulation order, where the modulation order is for uniform mapping procedures. The operations of block 1110 may be performed in accordance with examples as disclosed herein. In some examples, aspects of the operations of 1110 may be performed by a transport block encoder 830 as described with reference to FIG. 8.
[0170] At 1115, the method may include transmitting the transport block including the encoded set of information bits in accordance with the shaping procedure. The operations of block 1115 may be performed in accordance with examples as disclosed herein. In some examples, aspects of the operations of 1115 may be performed by a transport block transmitter 835 as described with reference to FIG. 8.
[0171] FIG. 12 shows a flowchart illustrating a method 1200 that supports transport block sizing for constellation shaping in accordance with aspects of the present disclosure. The operations of the method 1200 may be implemented by a wireless device or its components as described herein. For example, the operations of the method 1200 may be performed by a wireless device as described with reference to FIGs. 1 through 9. In some examples, a wireless device may execute a set of instructions to control the functional elements of the wireless device to perform the described functions. Additionally, or alternatively, the wireless device may perform aspects of the described functions using special-purpose hardware.
[0172] At 1205, the method may include obtaining a set of information bits for a shaping procedure. The operations of block 1205 may be performed in accordance with examples as disclosed herein. In some examples, aspects of the operations of 1205 may be performed by an information bits receiver 825 as described with reference to FIG. 8.
[0173] At 1210, the method may include encoding the set of information bits to obtain a transport block based on a size of the transport block, the size of the transport block based on a coding rate and a modulation order indicated in a first table and on an effective modulation order indicated in a second table, where the second table includes a distribution associated with the shaping procedure and includes the effective modulation order, the effective modulation order being for the shaping procedure and being based on a set of probability values and on the modulation order, where the modulation order is for uniform mapping procedures. The operations of block 1210 may be performed in accordance with examples as disclosed herein. In some examples, aspects of the operations of 1210 may be performed by a transport block encoder 830 as described with reference to FIG. 8.
[0174] At 1215, the method may include transmitting the transport block including the encoded set of information bits in accordance with the shaping procedure. The operations of block 1215 may be performed in accordance with examples as disclosed herein. In some examples, aspects of the operations of 12 may be performed by a transport block transmitter 835 as described with reference to FIG. 8.
[0175] FIG. 13 shows a flowchart illustrating a method 1300 that supports transport block sizing for constellation shaping in accordance with aspects of the present disclosure. The operations of the method 1300 may be implemented by a wireless device or its components as described herein. For example, the operations of the method 1300 may be performed by a wireless device as described with reference to FIGs. 1 through 9. In some examples, a wireless device may execute a set of instructions to control the functional elements of the wireless device to perform the described functions. Additionally, or alternatively, the wireless device may perform aspects of the described functions using special-purpose hardware.
[0176] At 1305, the method may include receiving a transport block including an encoded set of information bits in accordance with a shaping procedure. The operations of block 1305 may be performed in accordance with examples as disclosed herein. In some examples, aspects of the operations of 1305 may be performed by a transport block receiver 840 as described with reference to FIG. 8.
[0177] At 1310, the method may include decoding the transport block including the encoded set of information bits based on a size of the transport block, where the size of the transport block is based on a quantity of resources allocated for the encoded set of information bits, a coding rate, and a set of probability values associated with a set of mapping symbols of the shaping procedure. The operations of block 1310 may be performed in accordance with examples as disclosed herein. In some examples, aspects of the operations of 1310 may be performed by a transport block decoder 845 as described with reference to FIG. 8.
[0178] At 1315, the method may include obtaining a set of information bits based on decoding the transport block including the encoded set of information bits, the set of information bits being based on the encoded set of information bits. The operations of block 1315 may be performed in accordance with examples as disclosed herein. In some examples, aspects of the operations of 1315 may be performed by an information bits receiver 825 as described with reference to FIG. 8.
[0179] The following provides an overview of aspects of the present disclosure:
[0180] Aspect 1: A method for wireless communications at a wireless device, comprising: obtaining a set of information bits for a shaping procedure; encoding, as part of the shaping procedure, the set of information bits to obtain a transport block that comprises the encoded set of information bits based at least in part on a size of the transport block, wherein the size of the transport block is based at least in part on a quantity of resources allocated for the set of information bits, a coding rate, and a set of probability values associated with a set of mapping symbols of the shaping procedure; and transmitting the transport block comprising the encoded set of information bits in accordance with the shaping procedure.
[0181] Aspect 2: The method of aspect 1, further comprising: receiving a first message indicating a set of distribution parameters for the shaping procedure, the set of distribution parameters comprising the set of probability values.
[0182] Aspect 3: The method of aspect 2, wherein receiving the first message comprises: receiving, in the first message, an indication of a MCS for encoding the set of information bits.
[0183] Aspect 4: The method of any of aspects 2 through 3, further comprising: receiving a second message indicating a MCS for encoding the set of information bits, wherein the first message is received after the second message based at least in part on the MCS.
[0184] Aspect 5: The method of any of aspects 1 through 4, wherein encoding the set of information bits comprises: encoding the set of information bits to obtain the transport block based at least in part on the size of the transport block, the size of the transport block based at least in part on a quantity of MIMO layers and an effective modulation order that is averaged across the quantity of MIMO layers, the effective modulation order being for the shaping procedure and being based at least in part on the set of probability values and on a modulation order for uniform mapping procedures.
[0185] Aspect 6: The method of aspect 1, wherein encoding the set of information bits comprises: encoding the set of information bits to obtain the transport block based at least in part on the size of the transport block, the size of the transport block based at least in part on the coding rate and an effective modulation order indicated in a table, wherein the table indicates the coding rate, a modulation order, a distribution associated with the shaping procedure, and the effective modulation order, the effective modulation order being for the shaping procedure and being based at least in part on the set of probability values and on the modulation order, wherein the modulation order is for uniform mapping procedures.
[0186] Aspect 7: The method of aspect 1, wherein encoding the set of information bits comprises: encoding the set of information bits to obtain the transport block based at least in part on the size of the transport block, the size of the transport block based at least in part on the coding rate and a modulation order indicated in a first table and on an effective modulation order indicated in a second table, wherein the second table includes a distribution associated with the shaping procedure and includes the effective modulation order, the effective modulation order being for the shaping procedure and being based at least in part on the set of probability values and on the modulation order, wherein the modulation order is for uniform mapping procedures.
[0187] Aspect 8: A method for wireless communications at a wireless device, comprising: receiving a transport block including an encoded set of information bits in accordance with a shaping procedure; decoding the transport block comprising the encoded set of information bits based at least in part on a size of the transport block, wherein the size of the transport block is based at least in part on a quantity of resources allocated for the encoded set of information bits, a coding rate, and a set of probability values associated with a set of mapping symbols of the shaping procedure; and obtaining a set of information bits based at least in part on decoding the transport block comprising the encoded set of information bits, the set of information bits being based at least in part on the encoded set of information bits.
[0188] Aspect 9: The method of aspect 8, further comprising: receiving a first message indicating a set of distribution parameters for the shaping procedure, the set of distribution parameters comprising the set of probability values.
[0189] Aspect 10: The method of aspect 9, wherein receiving the first message comprises: receiving, in the first message, an indication of a MCS for decoding the set of information bits.
[0190] Aspect 11: The method of any of aspects 9 through 10, further comprising: receiving a second message indicating a MCS for decoding the set of information bits, wherein the first message is received after the second message based at least in part on the MCS.
[0191] Aspect 12: The method of any of aspects 8 through 11, wherein decoding the set of information bits comprises: decoding the transport block to obtain the set of information bits based at least in part on the size of the transport block, the size of the transport block based at least in part on a quantity of MIMO layers and an effective modulation order that is averaged across the quantity of MIMO layers, the effective modulation order being for the shaping procedure and based at least in part on the set of probability values and on a modulation order for uniform mapping procedures.
[0192] Aspect 13: The method of aspect 8, wherein decoding the set of information bits comprises: decoding the transport block to obtain the set of information bits based at least in part on the size of the transport block, the size of the transport block based at least in part on the coding rate and an effective modulation order indicated in a table, wherein the table indicates the coding rate, a modulation order, a distribution associated with the shaping procedure, and the effective modulation order, the effective modulation order being for the shaping procedure and being based at least in part on the set of probability values and on the modulation order, wherein the modulation order is for uniform mapping procedures.
[0193] Aspect 14: The method of aspect 8, wherein decoding the set of information bits comprises: decoding the transport block to obtain the set of information bits based at least in part on the size of the transport block, the size of the transport block based at least in part on the coding rate and a modulation order indicated in a first table and on an effective modulation order indicated in a second table, wherein the second table includes a distribution associated with the shaping procedure and includes the effective modulation order, the effective modulation order being for the shaping procedure and being based at least in part on the set of probability values and on the modulation order, wherein the modulation order is for uniform mapping procedures.
[0194] Aspect 15: An apparatus for wireless communications at a wireless device, comprising one or more processors; and instructions stored in one or more memories and executable by the one or more processors, individually or collectively, to cause the apparatus to perform a method of any of aspects 1 through 7.
[0195] Aspect 16: An apparatus for wireless communications at a wireless device, comprising at least one means for performing a method of any of aspects 1 through 7.
[0196] Aspect 17: A non-transitory computer-readable medium storing code for wireless communications at a wireless device, the code comprising instructions executable by one or more processors to perform a method of any of aspects 1 through 7.
[0197] Aspect 18: An apparatus for wireless communications at a wireless device, comprising one or more processors; and instructions stored in one or more memories and executable by the one or more processors, individually or collectively, to cause the apparatus to perform a method of any of aspects 8 through 14.
[0198] Aspect 19: An apparatus for wireless communications at a wireless device, comprising at least one means for performing a method of any of aspects 8 through 14.
[0199] Aspect 20: A non-transitory computer-readable medium storing code for wireless communications at a wireless device, the code comprising instructions executable by one or more processors to perform a method of any of aspects 8 through 14.
[0200] It should be noted that the methods described herein describe possible implementations, and that the operations and the steps may be rearranged or otherwise modified and that other implementations are possible. Further, aspects from two or more of the methods may be combined.
[0201] Although aspects of an LTE, LTE-A, LTE-A Pro, or NR system may be described for purposes of example, and LTE, LTE-A, LTE-A Pro, or NR terminology may be used in much of the description, the techniques described herein are applicable beyond LTE, LTE-A, LTE-A Pro, or NR networks. For example, the described techniques may be applicable to various other wireless communications systems such as Ultra Mobile Broadband (UMB) , Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE) 802.11 (Wi-Fi) , IEEE 802.16 (WiMAX) , IEEE 802.20, Flash-OFDM, as well as other systems and radio technologies not explicitly mentioned herein.
[0202] Information and signals described herein may be represented using any of a variety of different technologies and techniques. For example, data, instructions, commands, information, signals, bits, symbols, and chips that may be referenced throughout the description may be represented by voltages, currents, electromagnetic waves, magnetic fields or particles, optical fields or particles, or any combination thereof.
[0203] The various illustrative blocks and components described in connection with the disclosure herein may be implemented or performed using a general-purpose processor, a DSP, an ASIC, a CPU, an FPGA or other programmable logic device, discrete gate or transistor logic, discrete hardware components, or any combination thereof designed to perform the functions described herein. A general-purpose processor may be a microprocessor but, in the alternative, the one or more processors may be any processor, controller, microcontroller, or state machine. One or more processors may also be implemented as a combination of computing devices (e.g., a combination of a DSP and a microprocessor, multiple microprocessors, one or more microprocessors in conjunction with a DSP core, or any other such configuration) . Any functions or operations described herein as being capable of being performed by a processor may be performed by multiple processors (e.g., one or more processors) that, individually or collectively, are capable of performing the described functions or operations.
[0204] The functions described herein may be implemented using hardware, software executed by one or more processors, firmware, or any combination thereof. If implemented using software executed by one or more processors, the functions may be stored as or transmitted using one or more instructions or code of a computer-readable medium. Other examples and implementations are within the scope of the disclosure and appended claims. For example, due to the nature of software, functions described herein may be implemented using software executed by one or more processors, hardware, firmware, hardwiring, or combinations of any of these. Features implementing functions may also be physically located at various positions, including being distributed such that portions of functions are implemented at different physical locations.
[0205] Computer-readable media includes both non-transitory computer storage media and communication media including any medium that facilitates transfer of a computer program from one location to another. A non-transitory storage medium may be any available medium that may be accessed by a general-purpose or special-purpose computer. By way of example, and not limitation, non-transitory computer-readable media may include RAM, ROM, electrically erasable programmable ROM (EEPROM) , flash memory, compact disk (CD) ROM or other optical disk storage, magnetic disk storage or other magnetic storage devices, or any other non-transitory medium that may be used to carry or store desired program code means in the form of instructions or data structures and that may be accessed by a general-purpose or special-purpose computer, or a general-purpose or special-purpose processor. Also, any connection is properly termed a computer-readable medium. For example, if the software is transmitted from a website, server, or other remote source using a coaxial cable, fiber optic cable, twisted pair, digital subscriber line (DSL) , or wireless technologies such as infrared, radio, and microwave, then the coaxial cable, fiber optic cable, twisted pair, DSL, or wireless technologies such as infrared, radio, and microwave are included in the definition of computer-readable medium. Disk and disc, as used herein, include CD, laser disc, optical disc, digital versatile disc (DVD) , floppy disk and Blu-ray disc. Disks may reproduce data magnetically, and discs may reproduce data optically using lasers. Combinations of the above are also included within the scope of computer-readable media. Any functions or operations described herein as being capable of being performed by one or more memories may be performed by multiple memories that, individually or collectively, are capable of performing the described functions or operations.
[0206] As used herein, including in the claims, “or” as used in a list of items (e.g., a list of items prefaced by a phrase such as “at least one of” or “one or more of” ) indicates an inclusive list such that, for example, a list of at least one of A, B, or C means A or B or C or AB or AC or BC or ABC (i.e., A and B and C) . Also, as used herein, the phrase “based on” shall not be construed as a reference to a closed set of conditions. For example, an example step that is described as “based on condition A” may be based on both a condition A and a condition B without departing from the scope of the present disclosure. In other words, as used herein, the phrase “based on” shall be construed in the same manner as the phrase “based at least in part on. ”
[0207] As used herein, including in the claims, the article “a” before a noun is open-ended and understood to refer to “at least one” of those nouns or “one or more” of those nouns. Thus, the terms “a, ” “at least one, ” “one or more, ” “at least one of one or more” may be interchangeable. For example, if a claim recites “acomponent” that performs one or more functions, each of the individual functions may be performed by a single component or by any combination of multiple components. Thus, the term “acomponent” having characteristics or performing functions may refer to “at least one of one or more components” having a particular characteristic or performing a particular function. Subsequent reference to a component introduced with the article “a” using the terms “the” or “said” refers to any or all of the one or more components. For example, a component introduced with the article “a” shall be understood to mean “one or more components, ” and referring to “the component” subsequently in the claims shall be understood to be equivalent to referring to “at least one of the one or more components. ”
[0208] The term “determine” or “determining” encompasses a variety of actions and, therefore, “determining” can include calculating, computing, processing, deriving, investigating, looking up (such as via looking up in a table, a database or another data structure) , ascertaining and the like. Also, “determining” can include receiving (e.g., receiving information) , accessing (e.g., accessing data stored in memory) and the like. Also, “determining” can include resolving, obtaining, selecting, choosing, establishing, and other such similar actions.
[0209] In the appended figures, similar components or features may have the same reference label. Further, various components of the same type may be distinguished by following the reference label by a dash and a second label that distinguishes among the similar components. If just the first reference label is used in the specification, the description is applicable to any one of the similar components having the same first reference label irrespective of the second reference label, or other subsequent reference label.
[0210] The description set forth herein, in connection with the appended drawings, describes example configurations and does not represent all the examples that may be implemented or that are within the scope of the claims. The term “example” used herein means “serving as an example, instance, or illustration, ” and not “preferred” or “advantageous over other examples. ” The detailed description includes specific details for the purpose of providing an understanding of the described techniques. These techniques, however, may be practiced without these specific details. In some instances, known structures and devices are shown in block diagram form in order to avoid obscuring the concepts of the described examples.
[0211] The description herein is provided to enable a person having ordinary skill in the art to make or use the disclosure. Various modifications to the disclosure will be apparent to a person having ordinary skill in the art, and the generic principles defined herein may be applied to other variations without departing from the scope of the disclosure. Thus, the disclosure is not limited to the examples and designs described herein but is to be accorded the broadest scope consistent with the principles and novel features disclosed herein.
Claims
1.An apparatus for wireless communications at a wireless device, comprising:one or more processors; andinstructions stored in one or more memories and executable by the one or more processors, individually or collectively, to cause the apparatus to:obtain a set of information bits for a shaping procedure;encode, as part of the shaping procedure, the set of information bits to obtain a transport block that comprises the encoded set of information bits based at least in part on a size of the transport block, wherein the size of the transport block is based at least in part on a quantity of resources allocated for the set of information bits, a coding rate, and a set of probability values associated with a set of mapping symbols of the shaping procedure; andtransmit the transport block comprising the encoded set of information bits in accordance with the shaping procedure.2.The apparatus of claim 1, wherein the instructions are further executable by the one or more processors, individually or collectively, to cause the apparatus to:receive a first message indicating a set of distribution parameters for the shaping procedure, the set of distribution parameters comprising the set of probability values.3.The apparatus of claim 2, wherein the instructions to receive the first message are executable by the one or more processors, individually or collectively, to cause the apparatus to:receive, in the first message, an indication of a modulation and coding scheme for encoding the set of information bits.4.The apparatus of claim 2, wherein the instructions are further executable by the one or more processors, individually or collectively, to cause the apparatus to:receive a second message indicating a modulation and coding scheme for encoding the set of information bits, wherein the first message is received after the second message based at least in part on the modulation and coding scheme.5.The apparatus of claim 1, wherein the instructions to encode the set of information bits are executable by the one or more processors, individually or collectively, to cause the apparatus to:encode the set of information bits to obtain the transport block based at least in part on the size of the transport block, the size of the transport block based at least in part on a quantity of multiple input multiple output layers and an effective modulation order that is averaged across the quantity of multiple input multiple output layers, the effective modulation order being for the shaping procedure and being based at least in part on the set of probability values and on a modulation order for uniform mapping procedures.6.The apparatus of claim 1, wherein the instructions to encode the set of information bits are executable by the one or more processors, individually or collectively, to cause the apparatus to:encode the set of information bits to obtain the transport block based at least in part on the size of the transport block, the size of the transport block based at least in part on the coding rate and an effective modulation order indicated in a table, wherein the table indicates the coding rate, a modulation order, a distribution associated with the shaping procedure, and the effective modulation order, the effective modulation order being for the shaping procedure and being based at least in part on the set of probability values and on the modulation order, wherein the modulation order is for uniform mapping procedures.7.The apparatus of claim 1, wherein the instructions to encode the set of information bits are executable by the one or more processors, individually or collectively, to cause the apparatus to:encode the set of information bits to obtain the transport block based at least in part on the size of the transport block, the size of the transport block based at least in part on the coding rate and a modulation order indicated in a first table and on an effective modulation order indicated in a second table, wherein the second table includes a distribution associated with the shaping procedure and includes the effective modulation order, the effective modulation order being for the shaping procedure and being based at least in part on the set of probability values and on the modulation order, wherein the modulation order is for uniform mapping procedures.8.An apparatus for wireless communications at a wireless device, comprising:one or more processors; andinstructions stored in one or more memories and executable by the one or more processors, individually or collectively, to cause the apparatus to:receive a transport block including an encoded set of information bits in accordance with a shaping procedure;decode the transport block comprising the encoded set of information bits based at least in part on a size of the transport block, wherein the size of the transport block is based at least in part on a quantity of resources allocated for the encoded set of information bits, a coding rate, and a set of probability values associated with a set of mapping symbols of the shaping procedure; andobtain a set of information bits based at least in part on decoding the transport block comprising the encoded set of information bits, the set of information bits being based at least in part on the encoded set of information bits.9.The apparatus of claim 8, wherein the instructions are further executable by the one or more processors, individually or collectively, to cause the apparatus to:receive a first message indicating a set of distribution parameters for the shaping procedure, the set of distribution parameters comprising the set of probability values.10.The apparatus of claim 9, wherein the instructions to receive the first message are executable by the one or more processors, individually or collectively, to cause the apparatus to:receive, in the first message, an indication of a modulation and coding scheme for decoding the set of information bits.11.The apparatus of claim 9, wherein the instructions are further executable by the one or more processors, individually or collectively, to cause the apparatus to:receive a second message indicating a modulation and coding scheme for decoding the set of information bits, wherein the first message is received after the second message based at least in part on the modulation and coding scheme.12.The apparatus of claim 8, wherein the instructions to decode the set of information bits are executable by the one or more processors, individually or collectively, to cause the apparatus to:decode the transport block to obtain the set of information bits based at least in part on the size of the transport block, the size of the transport block based at least in part on a quantity of multiple input multiple output layers and an effective modulation order that is averaged across the quantity of multiple input multiple output layers, the effective modulation order being for the shaping procedure and based at least in part on the set of probability values and on a modulation order for uniform mapping procedures.13.The apparatus of claim 8, wherein the instructions to decode the set of information bits are executable by the one or more processors, individually or collectively, to cause the apparatus to:decode the transport block to obtain the set of information bits based at least in part on the size of the transport block, the size of the transport block based at least in part on the coding rate and an effective modulation order indicated in a table, wherein the table indicates the coding rate, a modulation order, a distribution associated with the shaping procedure, and the effective modulation order, the effective modulation order being for the shaping procedure and being based at least in part on the set of probability values and on the modulation order, wherein the modulation order is for uniform mapping procedures.14.The apparatus of claim 8, wherein the instructions to decode the set of information bits are executable by the one or more processors, individually or collectively, to cause the apparatus to:decode the transport block to obtain the set of information bits based at least in part on the size of the transport block, the size of the transport block based at least in part on the coding rate and a modulation order indicated in a first table and on an effective modulation order indicated in a second table, wherein the second table includes a distribution associated with the shaping procedure and includes the effective modulation order, the effective modulation order being for the shaping procedure and being based at least in part on the set of probability values and on the modulation order, wherein the modulation order is for uniform mapping procedures.15.A method for wireless communications at a wireless device, comprising:obtaining a set of information bits for a shaping procedure;encoding, as part of the shaping procedure, the set of information bits to obtain a transport block that comprises the encoded set of information bits based at least in part on a size of the transport block, wherein the size of the transport block is based at least in part on a quantity of resources allocated for the set of information bits, a coding rate, and a set of probability values associated with a set of mapping symbols of the shaping procedure; andtransmitting the transport block comprising the encoded set of information bits in accordance with the shaping procedure.16.The method of claim 15, further comprising:receiving a first message indicating a set of distribution parameters for the shaping procedure, the set of distribution parameters comprising the set of probability values.17.The method of claim 16, wherein receiving the first message comprises:receiving, in the first message, an indication of a modulation and coding scheme for encoding the set of information bits.18.The method of claim 16, further comprising:receiving a second message indicating a modulation and coding scheme for encoding the set of information bits, wherein the first message is received after the second message based at least in part on the modulation and coding scheme.19.The method of claim 15, wherein encoding the set of information bits comprises:encoding the set of information bits to obtain the transport block based at least in part on the size of the transport block, the size of the transport block based at least in part on a quantity of multiple input multiple output layers and an effective modulation order that is averaged across the quantity of multiple input multiple output layers, the effective modulation order being for the shaping procedure and being based at least in part on the set of probability values and on a modulation order for uniform mapping procedures.20.The method of claim 15, wherein encoding the set of information bits comprises:encoding the set of information bits to obtain the transport block based at least in part on the size of the transport block, the size of the transport block based at least in part on the coding rate and an effective modulation order indicated in a table, wherein the table indicates the coding rate, a modulation order, a distribution associated with the shaping procedure, and the effective modulation order, the effective modulation order being for the shaping procedure and being based at least in part on the set of probability values and on the modulation order, wherein the modulation order is for uniform mapping procedures.21.The method of claim 15, wherein encoding the set of information bits comprises:encoding the set of information bits to obtain the transport block based at least in part on the size of the transport block, the size of the transport block based at least in part on the coding rate and a modulation order indicated in a first table and on an effective modulation order indicated in a second table, wherein the second table includes a distribution associated with the shaping procedure and includes the effective modulation order, the effective modulation order being for the shaping procedure and being based at least in part on the set of probability values and on the modulation order, wherein the modulation order is for uniform mapping procedures.22.A method for wireless communications at a wireless device, comprising:receiving a transport block including an encoded set of information bits in accordance with a shaping procedure;decoding the transport block comprising the encoded set of information bits based at least in part on a size of the transport block, wherein the size of the transport block is based at least in part on a quantity of resources allocated for the encoded set of information bits, a coding rate, and a set of probability values associated with a set of mapping symbols of the shaping procedure; andobtaining a set of information bits based at least in part on decoding the transport block comprising the encoded set of information bits, the set of information bits being based at least in part on the encoded set of information bits.23.The method of claim 22, further comprising:receiving a first message indicating a set of distribution parameters for the shaping procedure, the set of distribution parameters comprising the set of probability values.24.The method of claim 23, wherein receiving the first message comprises:receiving, in the first message, an indication of a modulation and coding scheme for decoding the set of information bits.25.The method of claim 23, further comprising:receiving a second message indicating a modulation and coding scheme for decoding the set of information bits, wherein the first message is received after the second message based at least in part on the modulation and coding scheme.26.The method of claim 22, wherein decoding the set of information bits comprises:decoding the transport block to obtain the set of information bits based at least in part on the size of the transport block, the size of the transport block based at least in part on a quantity of multiple input multiple output layers and an effective modulation order that is averaged across the quantity of multiple input multiple output layers, the effective modulation order being for the shaping procedure and based at least in part on the set of probability values and on a modulation order for uniform mapping procedures.27.The method of claim 22, wherein decoding the set of information bits comprises:decoding the transport block to obtain the set of information bits based at least in part on the size of the transport block, the size of the transport block based at least in part on the coding rate and an effective modulation order indicated in a table, wherein the table indicates the coding rate, a modulation order, a distribution associated with the shaping procedure, and the effective modulation order, the effective modulation order being for the shaping procedure and being based at least in part on the set of probability values and on the modulation order, wherein the modulation order is for uniform mapping procedures.28.The method of claim 22, wherein decoding the set of information bits comprises:decoding the transport block to obtain the set of information bits based at least in part on the size of the transport block, the size of the transport block based at least in part on the coding rate and a modulation order indicated in a first table and on an effective modulation order indicated in a second table, wherein the second table includes a distribution associated with the shaping procedure and includes the effective modulation order, the effective modulation order being for the shaping procedure and being based at least in part on the set of probability values and on the modulation order, wherein the modulation order is for uniform mapping procedures.