Entities and methods for wireless communication

Abstract

The disclosure relates to an entity for wireless communication configured to broadcast data by including the data in the form of one or more pilot patterns of multiple pilot patterns to a signal comprising second data, and transmitting the signal comprising the data in the form of the one or more pilot patterns and the second data. An entity for wireless communication is configured to receive a signal, detect in the signal one or more pilot patterns of multiple pilot patterns, and extract data from the one or more pilot patterns. An entity for wireless communication is configured to receive a signal, and detect in the signal one or more pilot patterns of multiple pilot patterns usable for including data in the signal. Further entities for wireless communication, and methods for wireless communication are provided. A signal comprises first data in the form of one or more pilot patterns.

Description

[0001] ENTITIES AND METHODS FOR WIRELESS COMMUNICATION

[0002] TECHNICAL FIELD

[0003] The present disclosure relates to entities and methods for wireless communication. Further, the present disclosure relates to a signal comprising first data in the form of one or more pilot patterns of multiple pilot patterns, and second data for a transmission.

[0004] BACKGROUND

[0005] The next generation of wireless broadband will be a core element for enabling smarter environments. Smart environments are places where multitude of devices, networks and services are leveraging on a more prominent use of digital and wireless intercommunications for the benefit of the users, the community, or business activities.

[0006] However, the realization of smart networks faces unprecedented challenges as assimilating an ever increasing number of connected devices, also interwines with multitude of considerations to address such as energy efficiency, scalability, mobility, predictability, monitoring and control, and more.

[0007] It is reported that 6G will support up to 10 millions devices per square kilometer, which is a factor 10 increase from the theoretical maximum capacity of current 5G systems. Furthermore, the network shall also support an increasing range of heteregeneous devices, from vehicles and unmanned vehicles, to wearable electronic devices, or reduced capacity devices, etc.

[0008] SUMMARY

[0009] In typical machine to machine communication use cases, such as vehicle to vehicle communication, devices may exchange information with other devices without human direct supervision, realizing an automated chain of acquisition, decision and actuation. For cases involving energy efficient devices, it is preferred to transmit data at low rates and sporadically in order to preserve battery charge. However, most smart networks innovations are currently lead by vertical industries, for example automotive and home entertainment segments where devices are also considered to have significant computing resources and nearly unlimited battery capacity. Sharing data, such as sensor data, between multiple devices may induce complex implementations, which are not safe from negative side effects, such as the side connection establishment latency, link budget partitioning and contributed interferences.

[0010] The Third Generation Partnership Project (3GPP) included a device-to-device (D2D) communication standard into LTE cellular systems. The main motivating use case behind LTE D2D was initially for public safety authorities exclusive usage. In subsequent standard releases, D2D communication was expanded to address V2X communication use cases (i.e. vehicle-to-everything communication use cases), focusing on public road safety scenarios. From 5G NR, the D2D technology, also referred as sidelink (SL) communication, was enhanced to address broader automotive applications. The 3GPP defines the following use case groups: vehicle platooning, advance driving, extended sensors and remote driving. In particular, the “extended sensor” group focuses on sensor data to be shared from one device to another with the objective of increasing a vehicle perception of the environment beyond its own local sensor capacities.

[0011] Sidelink (SL) radio resources may be allocated from licensed carriers dedicated to SL communication or from licensed carriers shared between sidelink (SL) and uplink (UL) communications. Critical scenarios or significant market volume would justify the great expense of acquiring licensed carriers for sidelink communications exclusively, therefore sidelink communications typically share the same resources as uplink communications.

[0012] The risk of collision of SL communications with UL communications exists. In addition, a risk of collision between devices using SL communications exists. The 5G NR SL standard defines two modes of time-frequency resource allocation, which are called mode 1 and mode 2. The mode 1 is conditioned by the fact that the user equipment (UE) must be within network coverage. In this case, the gNB (i.e. the base station) assigns and manages the SL radio resources. However, the UE is required to notify nearby UE functioning in the mode 2 of the resources used for its SL communications, so that mutual interferences are, at best, avoided. In mode 2, the UE may autonomously select its SL resources from resource pools, which may be predetermined or acquired through resource scanning. Devices in mode 2 may use a random resource allocation method for selection. It is then required for SL devices to scan a set of resources for a time window that may be up to 1100 ms in order to avoid packet collision, therefore increasing latency delays.

[0013] In both modes, the UE undertakes some scheduling tasks either by relaying the gNB policies or when it is autonomously selecting the resources; this may considerably increase the implementation complexity of UEs.

[0014] Overall, main challenges of SL communications remain about scheduling and interference management. Some strategies such as Listen-Before-Talk schemes may decrease collision probability but potentially impact the uplink multiple access ability as well, assuming half-duplex devices.

[0015] The 5G NR V2X specifications are currently mostly designed for the automotive industry. 5G NR sidelink (SL) has recently incorporated loT scenarios and will potentially converge along with RedCap specifications (5G NR Light). With this perspective, loT scenarios have usually less stringent requirements than automotive ones, some use cases emphasize more on power efficiency, complexity, latency, throughput, device density, etc. As such, a network system servicing heterogeneous equipment may be required to support different types of networks (LTE-M, 5G NR Light, Narrow Band loT, 5G NR V2X) in order to achieve a targeted level of interoperability. The handover between different types of network may considerably increase the complexity of the system.

[0016] In view of the above, this disclosure aims to provide an entity for wireless communication that allows a device-to-device communication (D2D communication) with at least one of a reduced risk of collisions, reduced latency delays, no need of scheduling and interference management, and reduced complexity of communication. In a cellular network, D2D communication may be understood as a direct communication of a signal (e.g. one or more packets) between two or more mobile user equipments (UEs) without using another communication device, such as abase station (BS), for communicating the signal (e.g. the one or more packets). That is the communication does not traverse or go via another device, such as a BS.

[0017] These and other objectives are achieved by the solution of this disclosure as described in the independent claims. Advantageous implementations are further defined in the dependent claims.

[0018] A first aspect of this disclosure provides an entity for wireless communication. The entity is configured to broadcast data by including the data in the form of one or more pilot patterns of multiple pilot patterns to a signal comprising second data, and transmitting the signal comprising the data in the form of the one or more pilot patterns and the second data.

[0019] In other words, the first aspect proposes an entity that allows broadcasting data by including the data in the form of one or more pilot patterns of multiple pilot patterns to a signal comprising second data; and transmitting the signal comprising the data in the form of the one or more pilot patterns and the second data. That is, the signal comprises the one or more pilot patterns and the second data, wherein the one or more pilot patterns comprise the data (e.g. encode the data). The data may be said to be stored in the one or more pilot patterns of the signal.

[0020] Since the data are broadcasted other entities may receive the broadcasted data allowing a D2D communication. For example, the entity and the other entities may each be user equipments (UEs). For the broadcasting of data no separate sidelink (SL) communication using SL resources is used. This reduces the risk of collisions, latency delays, and complexity of communication. In addition, there is no need of scheduling and interference management. That is, with the entity of the first aspect a transmitter is provided for broadcasting side information (i.e. the data in the form of the one or more pilot patterns) to any number of devices without establishing additional peer to peer communication links or peer to multipeer links. Since it is not required to establish peer to peer communication links or peer to multi-peer links, there is not limitation on the number of entities (i.e. devices) that may decode the broadcasted data encoded in the form of the one or more pilot patterns. By including the data in the form of the one or more pilot patterns in an existing transmission, namely in the signal comprising the second data, no over the air interference is generated for broadcasting the data.

[0021] The entity may be configured to transmit the second data to another entity for wireless communication by transmitting the signal to the other entity for wireless communication. The data comprised by the signal in the form of the one or more pilot patterns may be side information intended for one or more further entities for wireless communication. The entity may be configured to convey the data as side information to the one or more further entities by transmitting the signal to the other entity. The other entity (for which the second data is intended) may be an entity according to a fifth aspect of this disclosure, as described below. The one or more further entities (for which the data is intended) may each be an entity according to the third aspect of this disclosure, as described below.

[0022] The one or more further entities may be informed on a pilot pattern mapping used. For example, the entity may be configured for this. The one or more further entities may decode the side information by detecting the one or more pilot patterns (a correct pilot pattern sequence) e.g. in radio subframes. Thus, for transmitting the data (i.e. the side information) the entity according to the first aspect does not perform additional nor superimposed signal transmission. Namely, the data (i.e. side information) is encoded in the form of the one or more pilot patterns that are comprised by the signal that may be transmitted by the entity to the other entity.

[0023] For example, the entity may be a user equipment (UE) and the other entity may be a base station (BS). In this case, the data comprised by the signal in the form of the one or more pilot patterns may be conveyed as side information to one or more other UE in an uplink transmission from the entity being a UE to the other entity being a BS, due to the use of the multiple pilot patterns.

[0024] The term “side link information” or “information for D2D communication” may be used as synonyms for the term “side information”. The term “side information” may be understood as information to be transmitted by sidelink communication, i.e. D2D communication.

[0025] The entity may be a user equipment (UE), a base station (BS) or any other entity for wireless communication. It may be referred to as transmitter, e.g. transmitter UE or transmitter BS. The entity may be a device for wireless communication, such as radio frequency (RF) communication. The entity may be configured to communicate, e.g. transmit the signal, according to one or more communication standards. Such one or more communication standards may optionally comprise at least one of 4G LTE, LTE-M, 5G NR, 5G NR Light, Narrow Band loT, 5G NR V2X, 6G etc. In other words, the entity may be configured to support one or more types of networks. The one or more types of networks may comprise at least one of a 4G LTE network, a LTE-M network, a 5G NR network, a 5G NR Light network, a Narrow Band loT network, a 5G NR V2X network, a 6G network, etc.

[0026] The term “information” may be used as a synonym for the term “data”. The data may be referred to as opportunistic data or application data. The data may be referred to as first data. The data may be referred to as “side information”. The data rate of the data may be lower than the data rate of the second data. The data may comprise or may be sensor data, i.e. data obtained from one or more sensors. The sensor data may comprise for example at least one of position and / or orientation data of a device (e.g. the entity), accelerometer sensor data of a device (e.g. the entity), temperature sensor data at a device (e.g. at the entity), etc. This allows implementing a smart environment scenario in which the sensor data may be used.

[0027] The second data are a payload of the signal. The second data may be referred to as “payload data”. The second data may be for example application data and / or feedback data (e.g. for channel estimation). The second data are not comprised by the one or more pilot patterns of the signal.

[0028] The signal may be an uplink signal, a downlink signal or a sidelink signal. In the aforementioned cases, the second data may be referred to as uplink data, downlink data or sidelink data, respectively.

[0029] The term “pilot sequence” may be used as a synonym for the term “pilot pattern”. A pilot pattern may be a sequence of complex values. The multiple pilot patterns may be multiple radio frame communication pilot patterns. The multiple pilot patterns may be referred to as “a set of pilot patterns”. The multiple pilot patterns are different to each other, i.e. they differ from each other. In other words, the multiple pilot patterns may exhibit structural differences. The multiple pilot patterns are different to each other, such that (e.g. considering a linear fading channel propagation between entities for wireless communication) the multiple pilot patterns allow a discrimination (i.e. robust discrimination) at a receiver side, i.e. at an entity for which the data encoded in the form of the one or more pilot patterns is intended for. The entity may be configured to be part of a communication network. The multiple pilot patterns may be determined or selected such that one or more pilot patterns that are already allocated to other connected devices in the network, which are used in the same communication resources (i.e.: time and frequency) are considered (to be not used for the multiple pilot patterns). This allows avoiding or minimizing a pilot contamination effect, due to the reuse of allocated pilot pattem(s). The multiple pilot patterns may be selected or determined by an entity of the network, such as an entity according to the sixth aspect of this disclosure or an entity according to the seventh aspect of this disclosure, as described below. The multiple pilot patterns may be orthogonal or non-orthogonal. The multiple pilot patterns may not belong to a communication codebook (e.g. predefined communication codebook).

[0030] In other words, the entity according to the first aspect may be configured to encode the data in the one or more pilot patterns. The data may be a sequence of multiple bits (i.e. data bits), wherein the entity may be configured to broadcast the sequence of multiple bits by including the sequence of multiple bits in the form of the one or more pilot patterns to the signal. The term “bit stream” may be used as a synonym for the term “sequence of bits”. The terms “in the form of’ and “as” may be used as synonyms. The entity may be configured to generate and transmit the signal comprising the data in the form of the one or more pilot patterns and the second data. For example for including n bits in the form of a pilot pattern in the signal, i.e. encoding the n bits in a pilot pattern, a number of the multiple pilot patterns equals to 2n. In other words, 2npilot patterns may be used for including n bits in the form of a pilot pattern of the 2npilot patterns. The terms “include” and “insert” may be used as synonyms.

[0031] In an implementation form of the first aspect, the entity is configured to select the one or more pilot patterns of the multiple pilot patterns according to an encoding scheme that maps different data to each of the multiple pilot patterns.

[0032] In other words, the entity may be configured to encode the data in the one or more pilot patterns according to the encoding scheme. The data may be a sequence of multiple bits (i.e. data bits). A different sequence of different sequences of one or more bits may be mapped to each of the multiple pilot patterns. In other words, each sequence of the different sequences of one or more bits may be mapped to a respective pilot pattern of the multiple pilot patterns. That is, the multiple pilot patterns allow encoding a plurality of data, wherein the encoding scheme maps different data of the plurality of data, i.e. a different piece of data of a plurality of pieces of data, to each of the multiple pilot patterns. For example, the encoding scheme may map each sequence of different sequences of one or more bits to a respective pilot pattern (i.e. different pilot pattern) of the multiple pilot patterns. That is, the encoding scheme may map the different sequences of one or more bits to different pilot patterns of the multiple pilot patterns. The term “associate with” may be used as a synonym for the term “map to”.

[0033] A pilot pattern selection has a more relaxed orthogonality constraint compared to communication pilot patterns. Therefore, the entity of the first aspect does not contribute to pilot contamination. The multiple pilot patterns, i.e. the large range of pilot patterns, allows more possibilities for mapping data, such as a bit stream.

[0034] In an implementation form of the first aspect, the entity is configured to transmit a service request to a second entity for wireless communication, and receive the encoding scheme from the second entity. The second entity may be an entity according to a sixth aspect of this disclosure, as described below. The term “second entity” is used merely for distinguishing the entity from which the encoding scheme may be received and the entity according to the first aspect. Thus, the terms “other entity” and “further entity” may be used instead of the term “second entity”.

[0035] The service request may specify a nature of the data to be included in the form of the one or more pilot patterns in the signal. The service request may comprise at least one of the following information: a nature of the data (e.g. the sensor type, in case the data are sensor data), a data format (e.g. information structure, bit resolution, etc.), supported data rates, information on an application purpose (e.g. extended reality (XR) application or augmented reality (AR) application), and the context of the application. The aforementioned information may allow the second entity to determine an appropriate encoding strategy, i.e. determine an appropriate encoding scheme.

[0036] Optionally, the service request may comprise a proposal for an encoding strategy. That is, the entity may be configured to propose to the second entity an encoding strategy in the service request. The entity may receive from the second entity information on the multiple pilot patterns.

[0037] In an implementation form of the first aspect, the entity is configured to transmit two or more times at least one of the one or more pilot patterns when transmitting the signal; and / or transmit one pilot pattern or a sequence of two or more pilot patterns that specifies a contextual notification; and / or transmit the signal comprising a default pilot pattern and the second data, the default pilot pattern indicating that no data is transmitted in the form of one or more pilot patterns; and / or re-transmit the signal comprising the default pilot pattern and the second data, the re-transmitted default pilot pattern indicating that transmission of data in the form of one or more pilot patterns is resumed; and / or transmit the signal comprising a second default pattern and the second data, the second default pilot pattern indicating that transmission of data in the form of one or more pilot patterns is resumed. The passage “transmit one pilot pattern or a sequence of two or more pilot patterns that specifies a contextual notification” means “transmit one pilot pattern that specifies a contextual notification or a sequence of two or more pilot patterns that specifies the contextual notification”.

[0038] In other words, the entity may be configured to perform at least one of the following: transmit two or more times at least one of the one or more pilot patterns when transmitting the signal; transmit one pilot pattern or a sequence of two or more pilot patterns that specifies a contextual notification; transmit the signal comprising a default pilot pattern and the second data, the default pilot pattern indicating that no data is transmitted in the form of one or more pilot patterns; re-transmit the signal comprising the default pilot pattern and the second data, the re-transmitted default pilot pattern indicating that transmission of data in the form of one or more pilot patterns is resumed; and transmit the signal comprising a second default pattern and the second data, the second default pilot pattern indicating that transmission of data in the form of one or more pilot patterns is resumed. For example, the contextual notification may be a synchronization event for the data.

[0039] Indicating that transmission of data in the form of one or more pilot patterns (of the multiple pilot patterns) is resumed may mean that already the signal, in which the re-transmitted default pilot pattern or the second default pilot pattern is included, comprises data in the form of one or more pilot patterns (of the multiple pilot patterns).

[0040] That is, optionally, transmitting the default pilot pattern may be used to switch on / off transmission of data in the form of one or more pilot patterns of the multiple pilot patterns. For example, transmitting a signal comprising the default pilot pattern and the second data may indicate that no data is transmitted in the form of one or more pilot patterns (i.e. transmission of data in the form of one or more pilot patterns of the multiple pilot patterns is switched off, i.e. stopped). Re-transmitting (i.e. transmitting again) the signal comprising the default pilot pattern and the second data may indicate that transmission of data in the form of one or more pilot patterns is resumed (i.e. switched on or started).

[0041] Optionally, transmitting the default pattern may be used to switch off transmission of data in the form of one or more pilot patterns of the multiple pilot patterns, and transmitting a second default pattern may be used to switch on transmission of data in the form of one or more pilot patterns of the multiple pilot patterns. For example, transmitting a signal comprising the default pilot pattern and the second data may indicate that no data is transmitted in the form of one or more pilot patterns (i.e. transmission of data in the form of one or more pilot patterns of the multiple pilot patterns is switched off, i.e. stopped). Transmitting the signal comprising the second default pilot pattern and the second data may indicate that transmission of data in the form of one or more pilot patterns is resumed (i.e. switched on or started).

[0042] In an implementation form of the first aspect, the entity is configured to receive at least one of information on a number of the two or more times, at which at least one pilot pattern of the one or more pilot patterns of the signal is to be transmitted during the transmission of the signal; information on one pilot pattern or a sequence of two or more pilot patterns that specifies a contextual notification; information on a default pilot pattern for being included in a signal to indicate that the signal does not comprise data in the form of one or more pilot patterns of the multiple pilot patterns; information on the default pilot pattern for being included and re-transmitted in a signal to indicate that transmission of data in the form of one or more pilot patterns of the multiple pilot patterns is resumed; and information on a second default pilot pattern for being included in a signal to indicate that transmission of data in the form of one or more pilot patterns of the multiple pilot patterns is resumed. The entity may be configured to receive the aforementioned one or more optional information simultaneously with receiving the encoding scheme from the second entity. The entity may be configured to receive the aforementioned one or more optional information from the second entity.

[0043] In order to achieve the entity according to the first aspect of the disclosure, some or all of the implementation forms and optional features of the first aspect, as described above, may be combined with each other.

[0044] A second aspect of this disclosure provides an entity for wireless communication. The entity is configured to transmit a service request to a second entity for wireless communication, and receive from the second entity an encoding scheme that maps different data to each of multiple pilot patterns.

[0045] The entity may be a user equipment (UE), a base station (BS) or any other entity for wireless communication. It may be referred to as transmitter, e.g. transmitter UE or transmitter BS. The entity may be a device for wireless communication, such as radio frequency (RF) communication. The entity may be configured to communicate, e.g. transmit the service request, according to one or more communication standards. Such one or more communication standards may optionally comprise at least one of 4G LTE, LTE-M, 5G NR, 5G NR Light, Narrow Band loT, 5G NR V2X, 6G, etc. In other words, the entity may be configured to support one or more types of networks. The one or more types of networks may comprise at least one of a 4G LTE network, a LTE-M network, a 5G NR network, a 5G NR Light network, a Narrow Band loT network, a 5G NR V2X network, a 6G network, etc.

[0046] The second entity may be an entity according to a sixth aspect of this disclosure, as described below. The term “second entity” is used merely for distinguishing the entity to which the service request may be transmitted and the entity according to the second aspect. Thus, the terms “other entity” and “further entity” may be used instead of the term “second entity”.

[0047] In an implementation form of the second aspect, the entity is configured to receive at least one of information on a number of two or more times, at which at least one pilot pattern of one or more pilot patterns of a signal is to be transmitted during the transmission of the signal; information on one pilot pattern or a sequence of two or more pilot patterns that specifies a contextual notification; information on a default pilot pattern for being included in a signal to indicate that the signal does not comprise data in the form of one or more pilot patterns of the multiple pilot patterns; information on the default pilot pattern for being included and re-transmitted in a signal to indicate that transmission of data in the form of one or more pilot patterns of the multiple pilot patterns is resumed; and information on a second default pilot patern for being included in a signal to indicate that transmission of data in the form of one or more pilot paterns of the multiple pilot paterns is resumed.

[0048] The entity may be configured to receive the aforementioned one or more optional information simultaneously with receiving the encoding scheme from the second entity. The entity may be configured to receive the aforementioned one or more optional information from the second entity.

[0049] The above description of the entity according to the first aspect is correspondingly valid for the entity according the second aspect.

[0050] The entity of the second aspect and its implementation forms and optional features achieve the same advantages as the entity according to the first aspect and its respective implementation forms and respective optional features.

[0051] In order to achieve the entity according to the second aspect of the disclosure, some or all of the implementation forms and optional features of the second aspect, as described above, may be combined with each other.

[0052] A third aspect of this disclosure provides an entity for wireless communication. The entity is configured to receive a signal, detect in the signal one or more pilot paterns of multiple pilot paterns, and extract data from the one or more pilot paterns.

[0053] The entity may be a user equipment (UE), a base station (BS) or any other entity for wireless communication. It may be referred to as listener, e.g. listener UE or listener BS. The entity may be a device for wireless communication, such as radio frequency (RF) communication. The entity may be configured to communicate, e.g. receive the signal, according to one or more communication standards. Such one or more communication standards may optionally comprise at least one of 4G LTE, LTE-M, 5G NR, 5G NR Light, Narrow Band loT, 5G NR V2X, 6G, etc. In other words, the entity may be configured to support one or more types of networks. The one or more types of networks may comprise at least one of a 4G LTE network, a LTE-M network, a 5G NR network, a 5G NR Light network, a Narrow Band loT network, a 5G NR V2X network, a 6G network, etc.

[0054] The terms “recognize” and “determine” may be used as synonyms for the term “detect”. The entity may be configured to receive the signal from another entity for wireless communication. The other entity may be the entity according to the first aspect of this disclosure. The signal may be a signal according to the eighth aspect, as described below. In an implementation form of the third aspect, the entity is configured to extract the data from the one or more pilot patterns according to a decoding scheme that maps each of the multiple pilot patterns to different data.

[0055] The data may be a sequence of multiple bits (i.e. data bits). Each of the multiple pilot patterns may be mapped to a different sequence of the different sequences of one or more bits. In other words, each pilot pattern of the multiple pilot patterns may be mapped to a respective sequence of the different sequences of one or more bits. That is, the multiple pilot patterns allow encoding a plurality of data, wherein the decoding scheme maps each of the multiple pilot patterns to different data of the plurality of data, i.e. to a different piece of data of a plurality of pieces of data. For example, the decoding scheme may map each pilot pattern of the multiple pilot patterns to a respective sequence (i.e. different sequence) of different sequences of one or more bits. That is, the decoding scheme may map the different pilot patterns of the multiple pilot patterns to the different sequences of one or more bits.

[0056] In an implementation form of the third aspect, the entity is configured to receive the decoding scheme from a second entity for wireless communication.

[0057] The second entity may be an entity according to a sixth aspect of this disclosure or an entity according to a seventh aspect, as described below. The term “second entity” is used merely for distinguishing the entity from which the decoding scheme may be received and the entity according to the third aspect. Thus, the terms “other entity” and “further entity” may be used instead of the term “second entity”.

[0058] In an implementation form of the third aspect, the entity is configured to receive at least one of information on a number of two or more times, at which at least one pilot pattern of the one or more pilot patterns of the signal is to be transmitted during a transmission of the signal; information on one pilot pattern or a sequence of two or more pilot patterns that specifies a contextual notification; information on a default pilot pattern for being included in a signal to indicate that the signal does not comprise data in the form of one or more pilot patterns of the multiple pilot patterns; information on the default pilot pattern for being included and re-transmitted in a signal to indicate that transmission of data in the form of one or more pilot patterns of the multiple pilot patterns is resumed; and information on a second default pilot pattern for being included in a signal to indicate that transmission of data in the form of one or more pilot patterns of the multiple pilot patterns is resumed.

[0059] The entity may be configured to receive the aforementioned one or more optional information simultaneously with receiving the decoding scheme from the second entity. The entity may be configured to receive the aforementioned one or more optional information from the second entity. The above description of the entity according to the first aspect is correspondingly valid for the entity according the third aspect.

[0060] The entity of the third aspect and its implementation forms and optional features achieve the same advantages as the entity according to the first aspect and its respective implementation forms and respective optional features.

[0061] In order to achieve the entity according to the third aspect of the disclosure, some or all of the implementation forms and optional features of the third aspect, as described above, may be combined with each other.

[0062] A fourth aspect of this disclosure provides an entity for wireless communication. The entity is configured to receive a decoding scheme that maps each of multiple pilot patterns to different data.

[0063] The entity may be a user equipment (UE), a base station (BS) or any other entity for wireless communication. It may be referred to as listener, e.g. listener UE or listener BS. The entity may be a device for wireless communication, such as radio frequency (RF) communication. The entity may be configured to communicate, e.g. receive the decoding scheme according to one or more communication standards. Such one or more communication standards may optionally comprise at least one of 4G LTE, LTE-M, 5G NR, 5G NR Light, Narrow Band loT, 5G NR V2X, 6G, etc. In other words, the entity may be configured to support one or more types of networks. The one or more types of networks may comprise at least one of a 4G LTE network, a LTE-M network, a 5G NR network, a 5G NR Light network, a Narrow Band loT network, a 5G NR V2X network, a 6G network, etc.

[0064] The data may be a sequence of multiple bits (i.e. data bits). Each of the multiple pilot patterns may be mapped to a different sequence of the different sequences of one or more bits. In other words, each pilot pattern of the multiple pilot patterns may be mapped to a respective sequence of the different sequences of one or more bits. That is, the multiple pilot patterns allow encoding a plurality of data, wherein the decoding scheme maps each of the multiple pilot patterns to different data of the plurality of data, i.e. to a different piece of data of a plurality of pieces of data. For example, the decoding scheme may map each pilot pattern of the multiple pilot patterns to a respective sequence (i.e. different sequence) of different sequences of one or more bits. That is, the decoding scheme may map the different pilot patterns of the multiple pilot patterns to the different sequences of one or more bits.

[0065] The entity may be configured to receive the decoding scheme from a second entity. The second entity may be an entity according to a sixth aspect of this disclosure or an entity according to a seventh aspect of this disclosure, as described below. The term “second entity” is used merely for distinguishing the entity from which the decoding scheme may be received and the entity according to the fourth aspect. Thus, the terms “other entity” and “further entity” may be used instead of the term “second entity”.

[0066] In an implementation form of the fourth aspect, the entity is configured to receive at least one of information on a number of two or more times, at which at least one pilot pattern of one or more pilot patterns of a signal is to be transmitted during a transmission of the signal; information on one pilot pattern or a sequence of two or more pilot patterns that specifies a contextual notification; information on a default pilot pattern for being included in a signal to indicate that the signal does not comprise data in the form of one or more pilot patterns of the multiple pilot patterns; information on the default pilot pattern for being included and re-transmitted in a signal to indicate that transmission of data in the form of one or more pilot patterns of the multiple pilot patterns is resumed; and information on a second default pilot pattern for being included in a signal to indicate that transmission of data in the form of one or more pilot patterns of the multiple pilot patterns is resumed.

[0067] The entity may be configured to receive the aforementioned one or more optional information simultaneously with receiving the decoding scheme (e.g. from the second entity). The entity may be configured to receive the aforementioned one or more optional information from the second entity.

[0068] The above description of the entity according to the first aspect and the description of the entity according to the third aspect are correspondingly valid for the entity according the fourth aspect.

[0069] The entity of the fourth aspect and its implementation forms and optional features achieve the same advantages as the entity according to the first aspect and its respective implementation forms and respective optional features.

[0070] In order to achieve the entity according to the fourth aspect of the disclosure, some or all of the implementation forms and optional features of the fourth aspect, as described above, may be combined with each other.

[0071] A fifth aspect of this disclosure provides an entity for wireless communication, wherein the entity is configured to receive a signal, and detect in the signal one or more pilot patterns of multiple pilot patterns usable for including data in the signal.

[0072] The entity may be a user equipment (UE), a base station (BS) or any other entity for wireless communication. It may be referred to as receiver, e.g. receiver UE or receiver BS. The entity may be a device for wireless communication, such as radio frequency (RF) communication. The entity may be configured to communicate, e.g. receive the signal, according to one or more communication standards. Such one or more communication standards may optionally comprise at least one of 4G LTE, LTE-M, 5G NR, 5G NR Light, Narrow Band loT, 5G NR V2X, 6G, etc. In other words, the entity may be configured to support one or more types of networks. The one or more types of networks may comprise at least one of a 4G LTE network, a LTE-M network, a 5G NR network, a 5G NR Light network, a Narrow Band loT network, a 5G NR V2X network, a 6G network, etc. The signal may be a signal according to the eighth aspect, as described below.

[0073] In an implementation form of the fifth aspect, the entity is configured to extract data from the one or more pilot patterns.

[0074] In an implementation form of the fifth aspect, the entity is configured to extract second data from the signal.

[0075] The second data are not comprised by the one or more pilot patterns of the signal. The second data are a payload of the signal. The second data may be referred to as “payload data”.

[0076] In an implementation form of the fifth aspect, the entity is configured to validate the extracted second data, and determine an error of the detection of the one or more pilot patterns in case the validation of the extracted second data fails.

[0077] In an implementation form of the fifth aspect, the entity is configured to re-perform the detection of the one or more pilot patterns in the signal and extract the data from the re-detected one or more pilot patterns in case the error is determined.

[0078] Thus, an extraction of the second data from the signal may recover from a wrong pilot pattern detection. The pilot pattern detection may comprise or be a pilot pattern prediction. Therefore, the extraction of the second data (e.g. payload data extraction) may not be impacted by a broadcasting of the data included in the signal in the form of the one or more pilot patterns of the multiple pilot sequences.

[0079] In an implementation form of the fifth aspect, the entity is configured to extract the data from the one or more pilot patterns according to a decoding scheme that maps each of the multiple pilot patterns to different data.

[0080] The data may be a sequence of multiple bits (i.e. data bits). Each of the multiple pilot patterns may be mapped to a different sequence of the sequences of one or more bits. In other words, each pilot pattern of the multiple pilot patterns may be mapped to a respective sequence of the different sequences of one or more bits. That is, the multiple pilot patterns allow encoding a plurality of data, wherein the decoding scheme maps each of the multiple pilot patterns to different data of the plurality of data, i.e. to a different piece of data of a plurality of pieces of data. For example, the decoding scheme may map each pilot pattern of the multiple pilot patterns to a respective sequence (i.e. different sequence) of different sequences of one or more bits. That is, the decoding scheme may map the different pilot patterns of the multiple pilot patterns to the different sequences of one or more bits.

[0081] In an implementation form of the fifth aspect, the entity is configured to receive the decoding scheme from a second entity for wireless communication.

[0082] The second entity may be an entity according to a sixth aspect of this disclosure or an entity according to a seventh aspect of this disclosure, as described below. The term “second entity” is used merely for distinguishing the entity from which the decoding scheme may be received and the entity according to the fifth aspect. Thus, the terms “other entity” and “further entity” may be used instead of the term “second entity”.

[0083] In an implementation form of the fifth aspect, the entity is configured to receive at least one of information on a number of two or more times, at which at least one pilot pattern of the one or more pilot patterns of the signal is to be transmitted during a transmission of the signal; information on one pilot pattern or a sequence of two or more pilot patterns that specifies a contextual notification; information on a default pilot pattern for being included in a signal to indicate that the signal does not comprise data in the form of one or more pilot patterns of the multiple pilot patterns; information on the default pilot pattern for being included and re-transmitted in a signal to indicate that transmission of data in the form of one or more pilot patterns of the multiple pilot patterns is resumed; and information on a second default pilot pattern for being included in a signal to indicate that transmission of data in the form of one or more pilot patterns of the multiple pilot patterns is resumed.

[0084] The entity may be configured to receive the aforementioned one or more optional information simultaneously with receiving the decoding scheme from the second entity. The entity may be configured to receive the aforementioned one or more optional information from the second entity.

[0085] The above description of the entity according to the first aspect is correspondingly valid for the entity according the fifth aspect.

[0086] The entity of the fifth aspect and its implementation forms and optional features achieve the same advantages as the entity according to the first aspect and its respective implementation forms and respective optional features. In order to achieve the entity according to the fifth aspect of the disclosure, some or all of the implementation forms and optional features of the fifth aspect, as described above, may be combined with each other.

[0087] A sixth aspect of this disclosure provides an entity for wireless communication. The entity is configured to receive a service request from a second entity for wireless communication, and transmit, in response to receiving the service request, to the second entity an encoding scheme that maps different data to each of multiple pilot patterns.

[0088] The entity may be a controller unit for wireless communication. The controller unit may be associated with a BS or a UE. For example, it may be coupled to the BS or UE, respectively; or it may be part of the BS or UE, respectively. The entity may be a device for wireless communication, such as radio frequency (RF) communication. The entity may be configured to communicate, e.g. receive the service request and transmit the encoding scheme, according to one or more communication standards. Such one or more communication standards may optionally comprise at least one of 4G LTE, LTE-M, 5G NR, 5G NR Light, Narrow Band loT, 5G NR V2X, 6G, etc. In other words, the entity may be configured to support one or more types of networks. The one or more types of networks may comprise at least one of a 4G LTE network, a LTE-M network, a 5G NR network, a 5G NR Light network, a Narrow Band loT network, a 5G NR V2X network, a 6G network, etc.

[0089] The data may be a sequence of multiple bits (i.e. data bits). A different sequence of different sequences of one or more bits may be mapped to each of the multiple pilot patterns. In other words, each sequence of the different sequences of one or more bits may be mapped to a respective pilot pattern of the multiple pilot patterns. That is, the multiple pilot patterns allow encoding a plurality of data, wherein the encoding scheme maps different data of the plurality of data, i.e. a different piece of data of a plurality of pieces of data, to each of the multiple pilot patterns. For example, the encoding scheme may map each sequence of different sequences of one or more bits to a respective pilot pattern (i.e. different pilot pattern) of the multiple pilot patterns. That is, the encoding scheme may map the different sequences of one or more bits to different pilot patterns of the multiple pilot patterns.

[0090] The entity may be configured to determine or select the multiple pilot patterns. The entity may be configured to be part of a communication network. The entity may be configured to determine or select the multiple pilot patterns such that one or more pilot patterns that are already allocated to other connected devices in the network, which are used in the same communication resources (i.e.: time and frequency) are considered (to be not used for the multiple pilot patterns). This allows avoiding or minimizing a pilot contamination effect, due to the reuse of allocated pilot pattem(s). For example, the entity may be configured to consider currently allocated pilot patterns within a network cell or at proximity of the second entity. The entity may determine or select the multiple pilot pattern by considering the currently allocated pilot patterns within a network cell or at proximity of the second entity.

[0091] The service request may specify a nature of data to be included in the form of one or more pilot patterns of the multiple pilot patterns in a signal. The service request may comprise at least one of the following information: a nature of the data (e.g. the sensor type, in case the data are sensor data), a data format (e.g. information structure, bit resolution, etc.), supported data rates, information on an application purpose (e.g. extended reality (XR) application or augmented reality (AR) application), and the context of the application. The entity may be configured to use the aforementioned information to determine the encoding scheme. That is, this allows the entity to determine an appropriate encoding strategy, i.e. determine an appropriate encoding scheme.

[0092] Optionally, the service request may comprise a proposal for an encoding strategy. The entity may be configured to determine the encoding scheme according to the proposal for the encoding strategy.

[0093] The second entity may be the entity according to the first aspect of this disclosure or the entity according to the second aspect of this disclosure. The term “second entity” is used merely for distinguishing the entity from which the service request may be received and the entity according to the sixth aspect. Thus, the terms “other entity” and “further entity” may be used instead of the term “second entity”.

[0094] In an implementation form of the sixth aspect, the entity is configured to transmit to the second entity at least one of information on a number of two or more times, at which at least one pilot pattern of one or more pilot patterns of a signal comprising data in the form of the one or more pilot patterns is to be transmitted during a transmission of the signal by the second entity; information on one pilot pattern or a sequence of two or more pilot patterns that specifies a contextual notification; information on a default pilot pattern for being included in a signal to indicate that the signal does not comprise data in the form of one or more pilot patterns of the multiple pilot patterns; information on the default pilot pattern for being included and re-transmitted in a signal to indicate that transmission of data in the form of one or more pilot patterns of the multiple pilot patterns is resumed; and information on a second default pilot pattern for being included in a signal to indicate that transmission of data in the form of one or more pilot patterns of the multiple pilot patterns is resumed.

[0095] The entity may be configured to transmit the aforementioned one or more optional information simultaneously with transmitting the encoding scheme to the second entity. In an implementation form of the sixth aspect, the entity is configured to transmit a decoding scheme, which is in line with the encoding scheme, to one or more entities for wireless communication that are related to the second entity.

[0096] The one or more entities may each be the entity according to the third aspect of this disclosure or the entity according to the fourth aspect of this disclosure.

[0097] Optionally, the entity is configured to transmit a decoding scheme, which is in line with the encoding scheme, to another entity for wireless communication. The other entity may be the entity according to the fifth aspect of this disclosure.

[0098] In an implementation form of the sixth aspect, the one or more entities are related to the second entity in that at least one of the following is true: the one or more entities and the second entity are in a common cell, the one or more entities are in a certain area, a distance between the one or more entities and the second entity is smaller than a threshold, and the one or more entities and the second entity are part of a common communication sub-network. The passage “a distance between the one or more entities and the second entity is smaller than a threshold” may mean that the one or more entities are at a proximity of the second entity.

[0099] In an implementation form of the sixth aspect, the entity is configured to transmit to the one or more entities at least one of information on a number of two or more times, at which at least one pilot pattern of one or more pilot patterns of a signal comprising data in the form of the one or more pilot patterns is to be transmitted during a transmission of the signal; information on one pilot pattern or a sequence of two or more pilot patterns that specifies a contextual notification; information on a default pilot pattern for being included in a signal to indicate that the signal does not comprise data in the form of one or more pilot patterns of the multiple pilot patterns; information on the default pilot pattern for being included and re-transmitted in a signal to indicate that transmission of data in the form of one or more pilot patterns of the multiple pilot patterns is resumed; and information on a second default pilot pattern for being included in a signal to indicate that transmission of data in the form of one or more pilot patterns of the multiple pilot patterns is resumed.

[0100] The entity may be configured to transmit the aforementioned one or more optional information simultaneously with transmitting the decoding scheme to the one or more entities.

[0101] Optionally, the entity is configured to transmit to the other entity at least one of information on a number of two or more times, at which at least one pilot pattern of one or more pilot patterns of a signal comprising data in the form of the one or more pilot patterns is to be transmitted during a transmission of the signal; information on one pilot pattern or a sequence of two or more pilot patterns that specifies a contextual notification; information on a default pilot pattern for being included in a signal to indicate that the signal does not comprise data in the form of one or more pilot patterns of the multiple pilot patterns; information on the default pilot pattern for being included and re-transmitted in a signal to indicate that transmission of data in the form of one or more pilot patterns of the multiple pilot patterns is resumed; and information on a second default pilot pattern for being included in a signal to indicate that transmission of data in the form of one or more pilot patterns of the multiple pilot patterns is resumed.

[0102] The entity may be configured to transmit the aforementioned one or more optional information simultaneously with transmitting the decoding scheme to the other entity.

[0103] The above description of the entity according to the first aspect is correspondingly valid for the entity according the sixth aspect.

[0104] The entity of the sixth aspect and its implementation forms and optional features achieve the same advantages as the entity according to the first aspect and its respective implementation forms and respective optional features.

[0105] In order to achieve the entity according to the sixth aspect of the disclosure, some or all of the implementation forms and optional features of the sixth aspect, as described above, may be combined with each other.

[0106] A seventh aspect of this disclosure provides an entity for wireless communication. The entity is configured to transmit to one or more entities for wireless communication a decoding scheme that maps each of multiple pilot patterns to different data.

[0107] The entity may be a controller unit for wireless communication. The controller unit may be associated with a BS or a UE. For example, it may be coupled to the BS or UE, respectively; or it may be part of the BS or UE, respectively. The entity may be a device for wireless communication, such as radio frequency (RF) communication. The entity may be configured to communicate, e.g. transmit the decoding scheme, according to one or more communication standards. Such one or more communication standards may optionally comprise at least one of 4G LTE, LTE-M, 5G NR, 5G NR Light, Narrow Band loT, 5G NR V2X, 6G, etc. In other words, the entity may be configured to support one or more types of networks. The one or more types of networks may comprise at least one of a 4G LTE network, a LTE- M network, a 5G NR network, a 5G NR Light network, a Narrow Band loT network, a 5G NR V2X network, a 6G network, etc. The data may be a sequence of multiple bits (i.e. data bits). Each of the multiple pilot patterns may be mapped to a different sequence of the different sequences of one or more bits. In other words, each pilot pattern of the multiple pilot patterns may be mapped to a respective sequence of the different sequences of one or more bits. That is, the multiple pilot patterns allow encoding a plurality of data, wherein the decoding scheme maps each of the multiple pilot patterns to different data of the plurality of data, i.e. to a different piece of data of a plurality of pieces of data. For example, the decoding scheme may map each pilot pattern of the multiple pilot patterns to a respective sequence (i.e. different sequence) of different sequences of one or more bits. That is, the decoding scheme may map the different pilot patterns of the multiple pilot patterns to the different sequences of one or more bits.

[0108] The one or more entities may each be the entity according to the third aspect of this disclosure or the entity according to the fourth aspect of this disclosure.

[0109] Optionally, the entity is configured to transmit to another entity for wireless communication the decoding scheme that maps each of multiple pilot patterns to different data. The other entity may be the entity according to the fifth aspect of this disclosure.

[0110] In an implementation form of the seventh aspect, the entity is configured to transmit to the one or more entities at least one of information on a number of two or more times, at which at least one pilot pattern of one or more pilot patterns of a signal comprising data in the form of the one or more pilot patterns is to be transmitted during a transmission of the signal; information on one pilot pattern or a sequence of two or more pilot patterns that specifies a contextual notification; information on a default pilot pattern for being included in a signal to indicate that the signal does not comprise data in the form of one or more pilot patterns of the multiple pilot patterns; information on the default pilot pattern for being included and re-transmitted in a signal to indicate that transmission of data in the form of one or more pilot patterns of the multiple pilot patterns is resumed; and information on a second default pilot pattern for being included in a signal to indicate that transmission of data in the form of one or more pilot patterns of the multiple pilot patterns is resumed.

[0111] The entity may be configured to transmit the aforementioned one or more optional information simultaneously with transmitting the decoding scheme to the one or more entities.

[0112] Optionally, the entity is configured to transmit to the other entity at least one of information on a number of two or more times, at which at least one pilot pattern of one or more pilot patterns of a signal comprising data in the form of the one or more pilot patterns is to be transmitted during a transmission of the signal; information on one pilot pattern or a sequence of two or more pilot patterns that specifies a contextual notification; information on a default pilot pattern for being included in a signal to indicate that the signal does not comprise data in the form of one or more pilot patterns of the multiple pilot patterns; information on the default pilot pattern for being included and re-transmitted in a signal to indicate that transmission of data in the form of one or more pilot patterns of the multiple pilot patterns is resumed; and information on a second default pilot pattern for being included in a signal to indicate that transmission of data in the form of one or more pilot patterns of the multiple pilot patterns is resumed.

[0113] The entity may be configured to transmit the aforementioned one or more optional information simultaneously with transmitting the decoding scheme to the other entity.

[0114] The above description of the entity according to the first aspect and the description of the entity according to the sixth aspect are correspondingly valid for the entity according the seventh aspect.

[0115] The entity of the seventh aspect and its implementation forms and optional features achieve the same advantages as the entity according to the first aspect and its respective implementation forms and respective optional features.

[0116] In order to achieve the entity according to the seventh aspect of the disclosure, some or all of the implementation forms and optional features of the seventh aspect, as described above, may be combined with each other.

[0117] An eighth aspect of this disclosure provides a signal comprising first data in the form of one or more pilot patterns of multiple pilot patterns, and second data for a transmission.

[0118] The above description of the entity according to the first aspect is correspondingly valid for the signal according the eighth aspect.

[0119] The entity of the eighth aspect and its implementation forms and optional features achieve the same advantages as the entity according to the first aspect and its respective implementation forms and respective optional features.

[0120] A ninth aspect of this disclosure provides a method for wireless communication. The method comprises broadcasting data by including the data in the form of one or more pilot patterns of multiple pilot patterns to a signal comprising second data, and transmitting the signal comprising the data in the form of the one or more pilot patterns and the second data. In an implementation form of the ninth aspect, the method comprises selecting the one or more pilot patterns of the multiple pilot patterns according to an encoding scheme that maps different data to each of the multiple pilot patterns.

[0121] In an implementation form of the ninth aspect, the method comprises transmitting a service request to an entity for wireless communication, and receiving the encoding scheme from the entity.

[0122] In an implementation form of the ninth aspect, the method comprises transmitting two or more times at least one of the one or more pilot patterns when transmitting the signal; and / or transmitting one pilot pattern or a sequence of two or more pilot patterns that specifies a contextual notification; and / or transmitting the signal comprising a default pilot pattern and the second data, the default pilot pattern indicating that no data is transmitted in the form of one or more pilot patterns; and / or re-transmitting the signal comprising the default pilot pattern and the second data, the re-transmitted default pilot pattern indicating that transmission of data in the form of one or more pilot patterns is resumed; and / or transmitting the signal comprising a second default pilot pattern and the second data, the second default pilot pattern indicating that transmission of data in the form of one or more pilot patterns is resumed.

[0123] In an implementation form of the ninth aspect, the method comprises receiving at least one of information on a number of the two or more times, at which at least one pilot pattern of the one or more pilot patterns of the signal is to be transmitted during the transmission of the signal; information on one pilot pattern or a sequence of two or more pilot patterns that specifies a contextual notification; information on a default pilot pattern for being included in a signal to indicate that the signal does not comprise data in the form of one or more pilot patterns of the multiple pilot patterns; information on the default pilot pattern for being included and re-transmitted in a signal to indicate that transmission of data in the form of one or more pilot patterns of the multiple pilot patterns is resumed; and information on a second default pilot pattern for being included in a signal to indicate that transmission of data in the form of one or more pilot patterns of the multiple pilot patterns is resumed.

[0124] The above description of the entity according to the first aspect is correspondingly valid for the method according the ninth aspect.

[0125] The method of the ninth aspect and its implementation forms and optional features achieve the same advantages as the entity according to the first aspect and its respective implementation forms and respective optional features. In order to achieve the method according to the ninth aspect of the disclosure, some or all of the implementation forms and optional features of the ninth aspect, as described above, may be combined with each other.

[0126] A tenth aspect of this disclosure provides a method for wireless communication, wherein the method comprises transmitting a service request to an entity for wireless communication, and receiving from the entity an encoding scheme that maps different data to each of multiple pilot patterns.

[0127] In an implementation form of the tenth aspect, the method comprises receiving at least one of information on a number of two or more times, at which at least one pilot pattern of one or more pilot patterns of a signal is to be transmitted during the transmission of the signal; information on one pilot pattern or a sequence of two or more pilot patterns that specifies a contextual notification; information on a default pilot pattern for being included in a signal to indicate that the signal does not comprise data in the form of one or more pilot patterns of the multiple pilot patterns; information on the default pilot pattern for being included and re-transmitted in a signal to indicate that transmission of data in the form of one or more pilot patterns of the multiple pilot patterns is resumed; and information on a second default pilot pattern for being included in a signal to indicate that transmission of data in the form of one or more pilot patterns of the multiple pilot patterns is resumed.

[0128] The above description of the entity according to the second aspect is correspondingly valid for the method according the tenth aspect.

[0129] The method of the tenth aspect and its implementation forms and optional features achieve the same advantages as the entity according to the first aspect and its respective implementation forms and respective optional features.

[0130] In order to achieve the method according to the tenth aspect of the disclosure, some or all of the implementation forms and optional features of the tenth aspect, as described above, may be combined with each other.

[0131] An eleventh aspect of this disclosure provides a method for wireless communication. The method comprises receiving a signal, detecting in the signal one or more pilot patterns of multiple pilot patterns, and extracting data from the one or more pilot patterns.

[0132] In an implementation form of the eleventh aspect, the method comprises extracting the data from the one or more pilot patterns according to a decoding scheme that maps each of the multiple pilot patterns to different data. In an implementation form of the eleventh aspect, the method comprises receiving the decoding scheme from an entity for wireless communication.

[0133] In an implementation form of the eleventh aspect, the method comprises receiving at least one of information on a number of two or more times, at which at least one pilot pattern of the one or more pilot patterns of the signal is to be transmitted during a transmission of the signal; information on one pilot pattern or a sequence of two or more pilot patterns that specifies a contextual notification; information on a default pilot pattern for being included in a signal to indicate that the signal does not comprise data in the form of one or more pilot patterns of the multiple pilot patterns; information on the default pilot pattern for being included and re-transmitted in a signal to indicate that transmission of data in the form of one or more pilot patterns of the multiple pilot patterns is resumed; and information on a second default pilot pattern for being included in a signal to indicate that transmission of data in the form of one or more pilot patterns of the multiple pilot patterns is resumed.

[0134] The above description of the entity according to the third aspect is correspondingly valid for the method according the eleventh aspect.

[0135] The method of the eleventh aspect and its implementation forms and optional features achieve the same advantages as the entity according to the first aspect and its respective implementation forms and respective optional features.

[0136] In order to achieve the method according to the eleventh aspect of the disclosure, some or all of the implementation forms and optional features of the eleventh aspect, as described above, may be combined with each other.

[0137] A twelfth aspect of this disclosure provides a method for wireless communication. The method comprises receiving a decoding scheme that maps each of multiple pilot patterns to different data.

[0138] In an implementation form of the twelfth aspect, the method comprises receiving at least one of information on a number of two or more times, at which at least one pilot pattern of one or more pilot patterns of a signal is to be transmitted during a transmission of the signal; information on one pilot pattern or a sequence of two or more pilot patterns that specifies a contextual notification; information on a default pilot pattern for being included in a signal to indicate that the signal does not comprise data in the form of one or more pilot patterns of the multiple pilot patterns; information on the default pilot pattern for being included and re-transmitted in a signal to indicate that transmission of data in the form of one or more pilot patterns of the multiple pilot patterns is resumed; and information on a second default pilot patern for being included in a signal to indicate that transmission of data in the form of one or more pilot paterns of the multiple pilot paterns is resumed.

[0139] The above description of the entity according to the fourth aspect is correspondingly valid for the method according the twelfth aspect.

[0140] The method of the twelfth aspect and its implementation forms and optional features achieve the same advantages as the entity according to the first aspect and its respective implementation forms and respective optional features.

[0141] In order to achieve the method according to the twelfth aspect of the disclosure, some or all of the implementation forms and optional features of the twelfth aspect, as described above, may be combined with each other.

[0142] A thirteenth aspect of this disclosure provides a method for wireless communication. The method comprises receiving a signal, and detecting in the signal one or more pilot paterns of multiple pilot paterns usable for including data in the signal.

[0143] In an implementation form of the thirteenth aspect, the method comprises extracting data from the one or more pilot paterns.

[0144] In an implementation form of the thirteenth aspect, the method comprises extracting second data from the signal.

[0145] In an implementation form of the thirteenth aspect, the method comprises validating the extracted second data, and determining an error of the detection of the one or more pilot paterns in case the validation of the extracted second data fails.

[0146] In an implementation form of the thirteenth aspect, the method comprises re-performing the detection of the one or more pilot paterns in the signal and extracting the data from the re-detected one or more pilot paterns in case the error is determined.

[0147] In an implementation form of the thirteenth aspect, the method comprises extracting the data from the one or more pilot paterns according to a decoding scheme that maps each of the multiple pilot paterns to different data. In an implementation form of the thirteenth aspect, the method comprises receiving the decoding scheme from an entity for wireless communication.

[0148] In an implementation form of the thirteenth aspect, the method comprises receiving at least one of information on a number of two or more times, at which at least one pilot pattern of the one or more pilot patterns of the signal is to be transmitted during a transmission of the signal; information on one pilot pattern or a sequence of two or more pilot patterns that specifies a contextual notification; information on a default pilot pattern for being included in a signal to indicate that the signal does not comprise data in the form of one or more pilot patterns of the multiple pilot patterns; information on the default pilot pattern for being included and re-transmitted in a signal to indicate that transmission of data in the form of one or more pilot patterns of the multiple pilot patterns is resumed; and information on a second default pilot pattern for being included in a signal to indicate that transmission of data in the form of one or more pilot patterns of the multiple pilot patterns is resumed.

[0149] The above description of the entity according to the fifth aspect is correspondingly valid for the method according the thirteenth aspect.

[0150] The method of the thirteenth aspect and its implementation forms and optional features achieve the same advantages as the entity according to the first aspect and its respective implementation forms and respective optional features.

[0151] In order to achieve the method according to the thirteenth aspect of the disclosure, some or all of the implementation forms and optional features of the thirteenth aspect, as described above, may be combined with each other.

[0152] A fourteenth aspect of this disclosure provides a method for wireless communication. The method comprises receiving a service request from an entity for wireless communication, and transmitting, in response to receiving the service request, to the entity an encoding scheme that maps different data to each of multiple pilot patterns.

[0153] In an implementation form of the fourteenth aspect, the method comprises transmitting to the entity at least one of information on a number of two or more times, at which at least one pilot pattern of one or more pilot patterns of a signal comprising data in the form of the one or more pilot patterns is to be transmitted during a transmission of the signal by the entity; information on one pilot pattern or a sequence of two or more pilot patterns that specifies a contextual notification; information on a default pilot pattern for being included in a signal to indicate that the signal does not comprise data in the form of one or more pilot patterns of the multiple pilot patterns; information on the default pilot pattern for being included and re-transmited in a signal to indicate that transmission of data in the form of one or more pilot paterns of the multiple pilot paterns is resumed; and information on a second default pilot patern for being included in a signal to indicate that transmission of data in the form of one or more pilot paterns of the multiple pilot paterns is resumed.

[0154] In an implementation form of the fourteenth aspect, the method comprises transmiting a decoding scheme, which is in line with the encoding scheme, to one or more entities for wireless communication that are related to the entity.

[0155] In an implementation form of the fourteenth aspect, the one or more entities are related to the entity in that at least one of the following is true: the one or more entities and the entity are in a common cell, the one or more entities are in a certain area, a distance between the one or more entities and the entity is smaller than a threshold, and the one or more entities and the entity are part of a common communication sub-network.

[0156] In an implementation form of the fourteenth aspect, the method comprises transmiting to the one or more entities at least one of information on a number of two or more times, at which at least one pilot patern of one or more pilot paterns of a signal comprising data in the form of the one or more pilot paterns is to be transmited during a transmission of the signal; information on one pilot patern or a sequence of two or more pilot paterns that specifies a contextual notification; information on a default pilot patern for being included in a signal to indicate that the signal does not comprise data in the form of one or more pilot paterns of the multiple pilot paterns; information on the default pilot patern for being included and re-transmited in a signal to indicate that transmission of data in the form of one or more pilot paterns of the multiple pilot paterns is resumed; and information on a second default pilot patern for being included in a signal to indicate that transmission of data in the form of one or more pilot paterns of the multiple pilot paterns is resumed.

[0157] The above description of the entity according to the sixth aspect is correspondingly valid for the method according the fourteenth aspect.

[0158] The method of the fourteenth aspect and its implementation forms and optional features achieve the same advantages as the entity according to the first aspect and its respective implementation forms and respective optional features.

[0159] In order to achieve the method according to the fourteenth aspect of the disclosure, some or all of the implementation forms and optional features of the fourteenth aspect, as described above, may be combined with each other. A fifteenth aspect of this disclosure provides a method for wireless communication. The method comprises transmitting to one or more entities for wireless communication a decoding scheme that maps each of multiple pilot patterns to different data.

[0160] In an implementation form of the fifteenth aspect, the method comprises transmitting to the one or more entities at least one of information on a number of two or more times, at which at least one pilot pattern of one or more pilot patterns of a signal comprising data in the form of the one or more pilot patterns is to be transmitted during a transmission of the signal; information on one pilot pattern or a sequence of two or more pilot patterns that specifies a contextual notification; information on a default pilot pattern for being included in a signal to indicate that the signal does not comprise data in the form of one or more pilot patterns of the multiple pilot patterns; information on the default pilot pattern for being included and re-transmitted in a signal to indicate that transmission of data in the form of one or more pilot patterns of the multiple pilot patterns is resumed; and information on a second default pilot pattern for being included in a signal to indicate that transmission of data in the form of one or more pilot patterns of the multiple pilot patterns is resumed.

[0161] The above description of the entity according to the seventh aspect is correspondingly valid for the method according the fifteenth aspect.

[0162] The method of the fifteenth aspect and its implementation forms and optional features achieve the same advantages as the entity according to the first aspect and its respective implementation forms and respective optional features.

[0163] In order to achieve the method according to the fifteenth aspect of the disclosure, some or all of the implementation forms and optional features of the fifteenth aspect, as described above, may be combined with each other.

[0164] Encoding and decoding blocks for encoding data in the form of one or more pilot patterns or decoding data from pilot patterns, respectively, may be low complexity blocks and, thus, the entities according to the above described aspects may be modest performance devices. This is beneficial with regard to implementation costs. With the broadcasting of data using one or more pilot patterns of multiple pilot patterns according to this disclosure network operators may offer a new service for a transmitter to broadcast data at proximity for the benefit of the user, while network operators also acquire access to the broadcasted data. It has to be noted that all devices, elements, units and means described in the present application could be implemented in software or hardware elements or any kind of combination thereof. All steps which are performed by the various entities described in the present application as well as the functionalities described to be performed by the various entities are intended to mean that the respective entity is adapted to or configured to perform the respective steps and functionalities. Even if, in the following description of specific embodiments, a specific functionality or step to be performed by external entities is not reflected in the description of a specific detailed element of that entity which performs that specific step or functionality, it should be clear for a skilled person that these methods and functionalities can be implemented in respective software or hardware elements, or any kind of combination thereof.

[0165] BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF DRAWINGS

[0166] The above described aspects and implementation forms will be explained in the following description of specific embodiments in relation to the enclosed drawings, in which

[0167] Figure 1 shows an example of an entity for wireless communication according to this disclosure and an example of a signal according to this disclosure.

[0168] Figure 2 shows an example of an entity for wireless communication according to this disclosure and an example of an encoding scheme according to this disclosure.

[0169] Figure 3 shows an example of an entity for wireless communication according to this disclosure and an example of a signal according to this disclosure.

[0170] Figure 4 shows an example of an entity for wireless communication according to this disclosure and an example of a decoding scheme according to this disclosure.

[0171] Figure 5 shows an example of an entity for wireless communication according to this disclosure and an example of a signal according to this disclosure.

[0172] Figure 6 shows an example of an entity for wireless communication according to this disclosure and an example of an encoding scheme according to this disclosure.

[0173] Figure 7 shows an example of an entity for wireless communication according to this disclosure and an example of a decoding scheme according to this disclosure.

[0174] Figure 8 shows an example of a signal according to this disclosure.

[0175] Figure 9 shows an example of an implementation form of an entity for wireless communication according to this disclosure.

[0176] Figure 10 shows an example of a function of an entity for wireless communication according to this disclosure.

[0177] Figure 11 shows an example of an implementation form of an entity for wireless communication according to this disclosure.

[0178] Figure 12 shows an example of an implementation form of an entity for wireless communication according to this disclosure. Figure 13 shows an example of an interaction of entities for wireless communication according to this disclosure.

[0179] Figure 14 shows an example of an interaction of entities for wireless communication according to this disclosure.

[0180] Figures 15 to 21 each show an example of a method for wireless communication according to this disclosure.

[0181] DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF EMBODIMENTS

[0182] Figure 1 shows an example of an entity for wireless communication according to this disclosure and an example of a signal according to this disclosure. The entity 1 of Figure 1 is an example of the entity according to the first aspect of this disclosure. The description of the entity according to the first aspect is correspondingly valid for the entity 1 of Figure 1.

[0183] The entity 1 of Figure 1 is an entity for wireless communication. The entity 1 is configured to broadcast data DI by including the data DI in the form of one or more pilot patterns 101 of multiple pilot patterns to a signal 100 comprising second data D2, and transmitting the signal 100 comprising the data DI in the form of the one or more pilot patterns 101 and the second data D2. The second data D2 may be a payload 102 of the signal 100.

[0184] The entity 1 may transmit the signal 100 to another entity for wireless communication, such as the entity 2 of Figure 5, in order to provide the second data D2 to the other entity (not shown in Figure 1). That is the second data D2 are intended for the other entity. The entity 1 of Figure 1 may be referred to as “transmitter” with regard to the signal 100. This allows further one or more entities that are arranged in a vicinity of the entity 1, the other entity and / or a transmission path of the signal 100 to listen, i.e. receive, the signal 100 intended for the other entity. Such further one or more entities may be configured to extract the data DI from the one or more pilot patterns 101 of the signal 100. An example of such one or more entities may be the entity 3 of Figure 3. The terms “in a vicinity of’ and “at proximity of’ may be used as synonyms.

[0185] For further details on the entity 1 of Figure 1, reference is made to the description of the entity according to the first aspect, and Figures 9, 10, 13 and 14.

[0186] Figure 2 shows an example of an entity for wireless communication according to this disclosure and an example of an encoding scheme according to this disclosure. The entity 1 of Figure 2 is an example of the entity according to the second aspect of this disclosure. The description of the entity according to the second aspect is correspondingly valid for the entity 1 of Figure 2. The entity 1 of Figure 2 is an entity for wireless communication. The entity 1 is configured to transmit a service request 200 to a second entity 4 for wireless communication, and receive from the second entity 4 an encoding scheme 300a that maps different data to each of multiple pilot patterns. For example, the data (pieces of data) dl, d2, d3, . . . , dn-i, and dnare mapped to the pilot patterns pl, p2, p3, . . . , pn-i, and pn, respectively. The number of data (i.e. pieces of data) and pilot patterns shown in Figure 2 is only by way of example and does not limit the present disclosure.

[0187] The second entity 4 may be for example the entity of Figure 6. The function of the entity 1 of Figure 2 may be an optional feature of the entity 1 of Figure 1.

[0188] For further details on the entity 1 of Figure 2, reference is made to the description of the entity according to the second aspect.

[0189] Figure 3 shows an example of an entity for wireless communication according to this disclosure and an example of a signal according to this disclosure. The entity 3 of Figure 3 is an example of the entity according to the third aspect of this disclosure. The description of the entity according to the third aspect is correspondingly valid for the entity 3 of Figure 3.

[0190] The entity 3 of Figure 3 is an entity for wireless communication. The entity 3 is configured to receive a signal 100, detect in the signal 100 one or more pilot patterns 101 of multiple pilot patterns, and extract data Dl from the one or more pilot patterns 101. As shown in Figure 3, the signal 100 may comprise second data D2. The second data D2 may be a payload 102 of the signal 100.

[0191] The entity 3 may receive the signal 100, when another entity for wireless communication, such as the entity 1 of Figure 1 , transmits the signal 100 to a further entity for wireless communication in order to provide the second data D2 of the signal 100 to the further entity, i.e. because the second data D2 and, thus, the signal 100 are intended for the further entity. The further entity may be the entity 2 of Figure 5. Thus, the entity 3 may be referred to as “listener” or “listener device” with regard to the signal 100, because it is configured to listen to, i.e. receive, the signal 100 intended for the further entity, and extract the data Dl that is included in the signal 100 in the form of the one or more pilot patterns 101.

[0192] For further details on the entity 3 of Figure 3, reference is made to the description of the entity according to the third aspect, and Figures 12 to 14.

[0193] Figure 4 shows an example of an entity for wireless communication according to this disclosure and an example of a decoding scheme according to this disclosure. The entity 3 of Figure 4 is an example of the entity according to the fourth aspect of this disclosure. The description of the entity according to the fourth aspect is correspondingly valid for the entity 3 of Figure 4.

[0194] The entity 3 of Figure 4 is an entity for wireless communication. The entity 3 is configured to receive a decoding scheme 300b that maps each of multiple pilot patterns to different data. For example, the pilot patterns pl, p2, p3, ... , pn.i, and pnare mapped to the data (pieces of data) dl, d2, d3, ..., dn-i, and dn, respectively. The number of pilot patterns and data (i.e. pieces of data) shown in Figure 4 is only by way of example and does not limit the present disclosure.

[0195] As shown in Figure 4, the entity 3 may receive the decoding scheme 300b from a second entity 4. The second entity 4 may be for example the entity of Figure 7. The function of the entity 3 of Figure 4 may be an optional feature of the entity 3 of Figure 3.

[0196] For further details on the entity 3 of Figure 4, reference is made to the description of the entity according to the fourth aspect.

[0197] Figure 5 shows an example of an entity for wireless communication according to this disclosure and an example of a signal according to this disclosure. The entity 2 of Figure 5 is an example of the entity according to the fifth aspect of this disclosure. The description of the entity according to the fifth aspect is correspondingly valid for the entity 2 of Figure 5.

[0198] The entity 2 of Figure 5 is an entity for wireless communication, wherein the entity 2 is configured to receive a signal 100, and detect in the signal 100 one or more pilot patterns 101 of multiple pilot patterns usable for including data Dl in the signal 100. As shown in Figure 5, the signal 100 may comprise second data D2. The second data D2 may be a payload 102 of the signal 100.

[0199] The entity 2 may receive the signal 100 from another entity for wireless communication, such as the entity 1 of Figure 1, wherein the signal 100 and, thus, the second data D2 of the signal 100 may be intended for the entity 2. That is, the other entity may have transmitted the signal 100 to the entity 2 in order to provide the second data D2 of the signal 100 to the entity 2 while broadcasting the data Dl by including the data Dl in the form of the one or more pilot patterns 101 in the signal 100. The entity 2 of Figure 5 may be referred to as “receiver” with regard to the signal 100.

[0200] For further details on the entity 2 of Figure 5, reference is made to the description of the entity according to the fifth aspect, and Figures 11, 13 and 14. Figure 6 shows an example of an entity for wireless communication according to this disclosure and an example of an encoding scheme according to this disclosure. The entity 4 of Figure 6 is an example of the entity according to the sixth aspect of this disclosure. The description of the entity according to the sixth aspect is correspondingly valid for the entity 4 of Figure 6.

[0201] The entity 4 of Figure 6 is an entity for wireless communication. The entity 4 is configured to receive a service request 200 from a second entity 1 for wireless communication, and transmit, in response to receiving the service request 200, to the second entity 1 an encoding scheme 300a that maps different data to each of multiple pilot patterns. For example, the data (pieces of data) dl, d2, d3, . . . , dn-i, and dnare mapped to the pilot patterns pl, p2, p3, ..., pn.i, and pn, respectively. The number of data (i.e. pieces of data) and pilot patterns shown in Figure 6 is only by way of example and does not limit the present disclosure.

[0202] The second entity 1 may be for example the entity 1 of Figure 1 or 2.

[0203] For further details on the entity 4 of Figure 6, reference is made to the description of the entity according to the sixth aspect, and Figures 13 and 14.

[0204] Figure 7 shows an example of an entity for wireless communication according to this disclosure and an example of a decoding scheme according to this disclosure. The entity 4 of Figure 7 is an example of the entity according to the seventh aspect of this disclosure. The description of the entity according to the seventh aspect is correspondingly valid for the entity 4 of Figure 7.

[0205] The entity 4 of Figure 7 is an entity for wireless communication. The entity 4 is configured to transmit to one or more entities 3 for wireless communication a decoding scheme 300b that maps each of multiple pilot patterns to different data. For example, the pilot patterns pl, p2, p3, . . . , pn.i, and pnare mapped to the data (pieces of data) dl, d2, d3, . . . , dn-i, and dn, respectively. The number of pilot patterns and data (i.e. pieces of data) shown in Figure 7 is only by way of example and does not limit the present disclosure.

[0206] The one or more entities 3 may be for example the entity 3 of Figure 3 or 4. The function of the entity 4 of Figure 7 may be an optional feature of the entity 4 of Figure 6.

[0207] For further details on the entity 4 of Figure 7, reference is made to the description of the entity according to the seventh aspect, and Figures 13 and 14. The following may be true for each of the entities of Figures 1 to 7 (i.e. for the entity 1 of Figure 1, the entity 1 of Figure 2, the entity 3 of Figure 3, the entity 3 of Figure 4, the entity 2 of Figure 5, the entity 4 of Figure 6, and the entity 4 of Figure 7): The entity may comprise a processor or processing circuitry (not shown) configured to perform, conduct or initiate the various operations of the entity described herein. The processing circuitry may comprise hardware and / or the processing circuitry may be controlled by software. The hardware may comprise analog circuitry or digital circuitry, or both analog and digital circuitry. The digital circuitry may comprise components such as application-specific integrated circuits (ASICs), field-programmable arrays (FPGAs), digital signal processors (DSPs), or multi-purpose processors. The entity may further comprise memory circuitry, which stores one or more instructions) that can be executed by the processor or by the processing circuitry, in particular under control of the software. For instance, the memory circuitry may comprise a non-transitory storage medium storing executable software code which, when executed by the processor or the processing circuitry, causes the various operations of the entity to be performed. In one embodiment, the processing circuitry comprises one or more processors and a non-transitory memory connected to the one or more processors. The non-transitory memory may carry executable program code which, when executed by the one or more processors, causes the entity to perform, conduct or initiate the operations or methods described herein.

[0208] Figure 8 shows an example of a signal according to this disclosure. The signal 100 of Figure 8 is an example of the signal according to the eighth aspect of this disclosure. The description of the entity according to the eighth aspect is correspondingly valid for the signal 100 of Figure 8.

[0209] The signal 100 of Figure 8 is a signal comprising first data DI in the form of one or more pilot patterns 101 of multiple pilot patterns, and second data D2 for a transmission. The second data D2 may be a payload 102 of the signal 100.

[0210] The signal 100 of Figure 8 may be the signal 100 shown in Figures 1, 3 and 5. For further details on the signal 100 of Figure 8, reference is made to the description of the signal according to the eighth aspect, and Figures 9 to 14.

[0211] Figure 9 shows an example of an implementation form of an entity for wireless communication according to this disclosure. The entity 1 of Figure 9 is an example of an implementation form of the entity 1 of Figure 1. The description of Figure 1 is correspondingly valid for the entity 1 of Figure 9.

[0212] As shown in Figure 9, the entity 1 may comprise a source 11 for the data DI to be broadcasted to achieve a D2D communication. The source 11 may obtain from extern and / or generate the data D 1. Optionally, the source 11 may be at least one sensor. The source 11 may be referred to as “side information source”. The entity 1 may comprise a second source 13 for the second data D2 that are to be transmitted as a payload of a signal. The second source 13 may obtain from extern and / or generate the second data D2. In order to transmit the data D 1 in the form of one or more pilot patterns of the multiple pilot patterns the entity 1 may comprise a pilot pattern selection unit 12. The pilot pattern selection unit 12 is configured to select with regard to the data D 1 provided by the source 11 one or more pilot patterns of the multiple pilot patterns according to an encoding scheme that maps different data to each of the multiple pilot patterns. The entity 1 may receive the encoding scheme from another entity for wireless communication, such as the entity 4 of Figure 6. The other entity for wireless communication may be a controller unit for wireless communication. The controller unit may be associated with a BS or a UE. Thus, the pilot pattern selection unit 12 may encode the data DI in the one or more pilot patterns according to the encoding scheme by selecting the one or more pilot patterns according to the encoding scheme.

[0213] The entity 1 may comprise a resource grid mapping unit 14 and a precoding unit 15 for generating a signal to be transmitted by one or more antennas 16 of the entity 1, wherein the signal comprises the data DI in the form of the one or more pilot patterns and the second data D2 provided by the second source 12 as a payload of the signal. The number of antennas 16 shown in Figure 9 is merely by way of example and may be different. In case of multiple antennas 16, the antennas may be part of an antenna array. The pilot pattern selection unit 12, the resource grid mapping unit 14, and the precoding unit 15 may be part or may form a wireless communication transmission chain, such as a radio transmission chain, of the entity 1.

[0214] For example, assuming the data DI to be a bit stream and the multiple pilot patterns to be multiple pilot symbol sequences, the bit stream D 1 provided by the source 11 determines which pilot symbol sequence to use in the resource grid of each radio subframe about to be emitted. An example of an implementation and function of the pilot pattern selection unit 12 and the resource grid mapping unit 14 is shown in Figure 10. The terms “pilot symbol” and “pilot pattern symbol” may be used as synonyms.

[0215] Figure 10 shows an example of a function of an entity for wireless communication according to this disclosure. The entity, of which Figure 10 shows the example function, is an example of the entity 1 of Figure 9. The description of Figure 9 is correspondingly valid for Figure 10.

[0216] As shown in Figure 10, the pilot pattern selection unit 12 and the resource grid mapping unit 14 may be implemented as a processor and a resource grid mapper, respectively. The processor 12 may receive the data DI in the form of first data symbols. The processor 12 may provide according to an encoding scheme, based on the received first data symbols, pilot symbols, pilot indices and data indices to the mapper 14 in order to provide the data D 1 in the form of one or more pilot patterns. The mapper 14 may receive the second data D2 in the form of second data symbols, and the data DI in the form of pilot symbols, pilot indices and data indices. The mapper 14 may determine, using the received information, which resources to use in the resource grid to transmit a signal comprising the data DI in the form of the one or more pilot patterns and the second data D2 as the payload of the signal. When forming the radio subframe resource blocks, the resource slots for the pilot patterns may be filled with the pattern symbols of the one or more pilot patterns for encoding the data D 1 provided from the processor output, whereas the resource slots for the second data D2 may be fdled with the intended data payload. The resource slot indices for pilot pattem(s) may be provided by the processor output. The processor 12 may internally use a buffer allowing to synchronize the data rate of the data D 1 to the data rate of the second data D2. The processor 12 may perform or assist the resource grid mapping for the radio frame to be transmitted. On the right of Figure 10, an example of a resource grid divided by OFDM symbols and subcarriers is exemplarily shown.

[0217] Figure 11 shows an example of an implementation form of an entity for wireless communication according to this disclosure. The entity 2 of Figure 11 is an example of an implementation form of the entity 2 of Figure 5. The description of Figure 5 is correspondingly valid for the entity 2 of Figure 11.

[0218] The entity of Figure 11 is an example of an entity for wireless communication that is configured to receive a signal intended for it and extract (i.e. decode) the data of the signal, i.e. of the payload of the signal, wherein the signal may comprise further data in the form of one or more pilot patterns of multiple pilot patterns for broadcasting the further data. That is, the entity 2 of Figure 11 may be configured to receive and extract (i.e. decode) the data D2 (may be referred to as second data) being a payload of a signal 100 transmitted by another entity, such as the entity 1 of Figure 1 or 9, assuming that the other entity has intended to transmit the signal 100 and, thus, the data D2 to the entity 2.

[0219] For this, the entity 2 may comprise one or more antennas 21 configured to receive the signal. The number of antennas 21 shown in Figure 11 is merely by way of example and may be different. In case of multiple antennas 21, the antennas may be part of an antenna array. The entity 2 may comprise a pilot pattern detection unit 22 for detecting in a signal, such as the signal 100 of Figure 8, one or more pilot patterns of multiple pilot patterns usable for including data DI in the signal. The entity 2 may comprise a decoding unit 23 configured to extract the data DI, i.e. side information, of the signal from the one or more pilot patterns according to a decoding scheme that maps each of the multiple pilot patterns to different data. The entity 2 may be configured to extract the second data D2 from the signal. For this, the entity 2 may comprise a channel estimation and interpolation unit 24, a data detection unit 25 and a decoding unit 26. The channel estimation and interpolation unit 24 may perform channel estimation based on the one or more pilot patterns detected by the pilot pattern detection unit 22. The data detection unit 25 and decoding unit 26 may then extract the second data D2, i.e. payload, of the signal. Optionally, the entity 2 may comprise a pilot pattern validation unit 27. The pilot pattern validation unit 27 may be configured to validate the extracted second data D2, and determine an error of the detection by the pilot pattern detection unit 22 of the one or more pilot patterns in case the validation of the extracted second data D2 fails. The pilot pattern validation unit 27 may perform a cyclic redundancy check (CRC) validation of the second data D2. The entity 2 is configured to re-perform the detection of the one or more pilot patterns in the signal and extract the data from the re-detected one or more pilot patterns in case the error is determined. That is, in case the error is determined, the pilot pattern detection unit 22 may detect again one or more pilot patterns in the signal received by the one or more antennas 21 and the decoding unit 23 may extract the data from the re-detected one or more pilot patterns. In other words, in case the pilot pattern detection unit 22 detects at least one wrong pilot pattern in the signal, an anomaly ( i.e. error) may be detected at a later stage of the signal processing of the signal, e.g. by the pilot pattern validation unit 27. This allows to repeat the signal processing of the signal with regard to the data DI included in the signal in the form of one or more pilot patterns. For this, the entity 2, i.e. the pilot pattern detection unit 22, may exclude previously chosen pilot pattem(s) when repeating the detection of pilot pattem(s) in the signal due to an error determined by the pilot pattern validation unit 27. Thus, a decoding of the signal for extracting the data D2 being the payload of the signal may recover from a wrong pilot pattern detection. The pilot pattern detection may comprise or be a pilot pattern prediction. This allows that the payload data detection may not be impacted by a broadcasting of data DI in the form of one or more pilot patterns of multiple pilot patterns.

[0220] For example, the entity 2 may be a base station (BS) and the signal may be received by the one or more antennas 21 from a user equipment (UE). In this example, the signal may be an uplink signal. The pilot pattern detection unit 22, the channel estimation and interpolation unit 24, the data detection unit 25 and the decoding unit 26 may be part or may form a wireless communication receiver chain, such as a radio receiver chain, of the entity 2.

[0221] Figure 12 shows an example of an implementation form of an entity for wireless communication according to this disclosure. The entity 3 of Figure 12 is an example of an implementation form of the entity 3 of Figure 3. The description of Figure 3 is correspondingly valid for the entity 3 of Figure 12.

[0222] The entity 3 of Figure 12 is an example of an entity for wireless communication that is configured to listen to, i.e. receive, data included in a signal in the form of one or more pilot patterns of multiple pilot patterns, wherein the signal is not intended for the entity 3 but for another entity for wireless communication.

[0223] The entity 3 may comprise one or more antennas 31 configured to receive the signal. The number of antennas 31 shown in Figure 12 is merely by way of example and may be different. In case of multiple antennas 31, the antennas may be part of an antenna array. The entity 3 may comprise a channel estimation and interpolation unit 32 for performing channel estimation with regard to the one or more pilot patterns encoding the data D 1 in the signal and optionally data being a payload of a signal intended for the entity 3. The entity 3 may comprise a pilot pattern detection unit 35 for detecting in the signal the one or more pilot patterns encoding the data DI. The entity 3 may comprise a decoding unit 36 configured to extract the data D 1 from the one or more pilot patterns according to a decoding scheme that maps each of the multiple pilot patterns to different data.

[0224] As shown in Figure 12 by the dashed block, optionally the entity 3 may use the extracted data DI for an application. For example, the data DI included in the signal in the form of the one or more pilot patterns may be sensor data. The channel estimation and interpolation unit 32, the pilot pattern detection unit 35 and the decoding unit 36 may form a wireless communication receiver chain, such as a radio receiver chain, of the entity 3 for receiving data of a signal that is intended for another entity, wherein the data are not a payload of the signal and are to be broadcasted by an transmission of the signal to the other entity. The aforementioned wireless communication receiver chain may be referred to as “side information receiver chain”. For example, the entity 3 may be a UE. The signal not intended for the entity 3, but intended for the other entity may be a downlink signal (e.g. transmitted from a BS to another UE) or an uplink signal (e.g. transmitted from a UE to a BS).

[0225] Optionally, the entity 3 may comprise a data detection unit 33 and decoding unit 34 allowing to extract data from a signal intended for the entity 3, wherein the data are a payload of the signal. Thus, the channel estimation and interpolation unit 32, the optional data detection unit 33 and the optional decoding unit 34 may be part or may form an optional second wireless communication receiver chain, such as a radio receiver chain, of the entity 3 for receiving data of a signal that is intended for the entity 3. The aforementioned optional second wireless communication receiver chain may be referred to as “payload data receiver chain”. For example, the entity 3 may be a UE. The signal intended for the entity 3 may be a downlink signal.

[0226] Figure 13 shows an example of an interaction of entities for wireless communication according to this disclosure. The entity 1, entity 2, entity 3 and entity 4 of Figure 13 may be the entity 1 of Figure 1 or 9, entity 2 of Figure 5 or 11, the entity 3 of Figure 3 or 12, and the entity 4 of Figure 6 or 7, respectively.

[0227] In the example of Figure 13, it is assumed that the entity 1 may transmit a signal via a wireless communication network 6, such as radio communication network, the signal of Figure 8, wherein the signal is intended for the entity 2. That is, with regard to the aforementioned signal the entity 1 is a transmitter device and the entity 2 is the receiver device. As shown in Figure 13, the entity 1 may comprise a pilot pattern selector lb to encode the data DI (to be broadcasted as side information without establishing peer to peer links) in the form of one or more pilot patterns of multiple pilot pattern. In the example of Figure 13, the entity 3 may receive the signal transmitted by the entity 1 and intended for the entity 2 via the network 6. For example, the entity 3 may be located in a vicinity of the entity 1 and / or the entity 2 so that it may receive the signal transmitted by the entity 1 to the entity 2. Since the signal is not intended for the entity 3 the entity 3 may be said to listen to the signal and, thus, may be referred to as listener device. As shown in Figure 13, the entity 3 may comprise a pilot pattern detector 3b for detecting and decoding the one or more pilot patterns of the signal to extract the data DI from the signal.

[0228] In the example of Figure 13, it is assumed that the entity 4 is associated to the entity 2. The entity 4 may provide an encoding scheme to the entity 1, wherein the encoding scheme maps different data to each of the multiple pilot patterns. Thus, the entity 1 may encode the data D 1 in the form of the one or more pilot patterns according to the encoding scheme. For example, the entity 1 is configured to transmit a service request to the entity 4. The entity 4 may receive the service request from the entity 1 and transmit, in response to receiving the service request, the encoding scheme to the entity 1.

[0229] The entity 4 may transmit a decoding scheme, which is in line with the encoding scheme, to the entity 3. Thus, the entity 3 may receive the decoding scheme that maps each of the multiple pilot patterns to different data from the entity 4. The entity 3 may be related to the entity 1 in that at least one of the following is true: the entity 3 and the entity 1 may be in a common cell, the entity may be in a certain area, a distance between the entity 3 and the entity 1 is smaller than a threshold, and the entity 3 and the entity 1 are part of a common communication sub-network.

[0230] Since the entity 4 is associated to the entity 2, the entity 2 may have knowledge on the decoding scheme from the entity 4 that maps each of the multiple pilot patterns to different data. As shown in Figure 13, the entity 4 may store the encoding scheme and corresponding decoding scheme in a storage 2a, which may be part of the entity 4 or associated to the entity 4 such that the entity 4 may access the storage 2a. Accordingly, the entity 1 may comprise a storage la for storing the encoding scheme received from the entity 4. The storage la may be part of the entity 1 or associated to the entity 1 such that the entity 1 may access the storage la. The entity 3 may comprise a storage 3a for storing the decoding scheme received from the entity 4. The storage 3a may be part of the entity 3 or associated to the entity 3 such that the entity 3 may access the storage 3a.

[0231] Optionally, the entity 4 may be associated to another entity or be not associated to an entity, such as the entity 2. In this case, the entity 4 may transmit a decoding scheme, which is in line with the encoding scheme, to the entity 2. Thus, the entity 2 may receive the decoding scheme that maps each of the multiple pilot patterns to different data from the entity 4. The entity 2 may comprise a storage for storing the decoding scheme received from the entity 4 (not shown in Figure 13). The storage may be part of the entity 2 or associated to the entity 2 such that the entity 2 may access the storage. The provision of the encoding scheme to the entity 1 and of the decoding scheme to the entity 3 is indicated in Figure 13 by dashed arrows.

[0232] The entity 4 may be referred to as controller unit. The encoding scheme and decoding scheme allow the data DI, i.e. side information, to be broadcasted by the entity 1 to entities (may be referred to as listeners), such as the entity 3, in that the entity 1 transmits an signal in line with the signal of Figure 8 to the entity 2. In Figure 13, the reference sign “5a” indicates a transmission from the entity 1 to the entity 2; the reference sign “5b” indicates a transmission from the entity 2 to the entity 1 ; and the reference sign “5c” indicates a broadcasting. For example, in case the entity 1 is a UE and the entity 2 is a BS, the transmission 5a is an uplink transmission and the transmission 5b is a downlink transmission. The entity 3 may be a UE. Thus, the entity 1 being a UE may transmit data to the entity 3 being a UE without the data being conveyed via the entity 2 being a BS by transmitting the signal of Figure 8 to the entity 2, wherein the data is included in the signal in the form of one or more pilot patterns of the multiple pilot patterns. For this, the entity 1 does not need to establish a peer to peer link with the entity 3. Thus, a D2D communication between the entity 1 and the entity 3 may be achieved without needing to establish a peer to peer link between the entity 1 and entity 3.

[0233] The entity 4 may support this communication (i.e. broadcasting) of data from the entity 1 to the entity 3 using the one or more pilot patterns of multiple pilot patterns by providing an encoding scheme to the entity 1 that maps different data to each of the multiple pilot patterns, and a decoding scheme in line with the encoding scheme to the entity 3.

[0234] Figure 14 shows an example of an interaction of entities for wireless communication according to this disclosure. The entity 1, entity 2, entity 3 and entity 4 of Figure 14 may be the entity 1 of Figure 1 or 9, entity 2 of Figure 5 or 11, the entity 3 of Figure 3 or 12 and the entity 4 of Figure 6 or 7, respectively. In particular, Figure 14 shows an example of a use case of the entities proposed by this disclosure. For this example use case, it is assumed that the entity 1 is a device configured for wireless communication being a UE with at least one sensor (e.g. motion sensor). Further, it is assumed that the entity 2 is a base station (BS), there are multiple of the entity 3 each being a UE, and the entity 4 is a controller unit (CU), which is associated to the BS 2. The following description is correspondingly true in case one of the entities 1, 2, 3 and 4 is a different communication device and / or the CU 4 is associated to a different entity or not associated to another entity. The number of UEs 3 shown in Figure 14 is only by way of example. The entities 1, 2, 3 and 4 of Figure 14 are assumed to be connected to a MIMO cellular network. The following description is correspondingly valid in case the entities 1, 2, 3 and 4 are connected to a different network. The device 1 may be connected to the MIMO cellular network and the communication service may be provided through the BS 2. Orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM) modulation may be used for uplink and downlink communication transmission. The total bandwidth may be divided into a certain number of subcarriers, and each OFDM frame has a certain number of symbols. After some time or event, the CU 4 which is associated with the BS 2 (e.g. located at the BS 2) may advertise to the device 1 about the availability of a service according to this disclosure in the area of the device 1. This service may be referred to as “proximity service”. This service enables a device to broadcast information, such as sporadic information, to other devices at proximity. Among the other UEs 3 the UEs that are assumed to be at proximity of the device 1 are labeled by the reference sign “3”’. The other devices at proximity of the device 1 (e.g. UEs 3’), listening to the broadcast, may sense the proximity of the device 1 and / or utilize the broadcasted information to trigger some specific action. For example, the broadcasted information may be at least one of GPS coordinates, device orientation, and sensor data from a sensor (e.g. from an embedded accelerometer) of the device 1. Sharing such information improves the perception of the spatial context between devices (i.e. device 1 and UEs 3’), thus, contributing to rich device-to-device interaction, without establishing a dedicated peer to peer communication between the device 1 and the other UEs 3 ’ at proximity of the device 1.

[0235] A sensing application running on the device 1 may initiate (i.e. transmit) a service request (may be referred to as “proximity service request”) to the CU 4. For example, the sensing application applies to the service for broadcasting accelerometer sensor data of the device 1 so that the first device’s motion may be interpreted by other nearby devices (e.g. UEs 3’).

[0236] The request content of the service request may specify the nature of the data to be broadcasted, allowing the CU 4 to determine an appropriate encoding strategy. The service request may comprise at least one of the following: a nature of the data (e.g. the sensor type, in case the data are sensor data), a data format (e.g. information structure, bit resolution, etc.), supported data rates, information on an application purpose (e.g. extended reality (XR) application or augmented reality (AR) application), and the context of the application.

[0237] Optionally, the device 1 may propose to the CU 4 an encoding strategy in the service request. The CU 4 may determine the encoding scheme according to the proposal for the encoding strategy. For example, this may be the case, when the first device 1 had recently used the service, and therefore is able to reuse its previous configuration. In this case, the CU 4 may only reply with configuration parameter updates. The aforementioned action of transmitting a service request from the device 1 to the CU 4 is indicated in Figure 14 by the arrow SI. Upon receiving the service request, the CU 4 may evaluate the information of the service request, e.g. the data stream requirements. Since the encoding relies on pilot patterns (may be referred to as communication pilot patterns), the CU 4 may be configured to consider currently allocated pilot patterns within the network cell or at proximity of the device 1. Therefore, the CU 4 may generate a pool of available pilot patterns (i.e. the multiple pilot patterns) that may be selected for the encoding. A pilot pattern may be a sequence of complex values. The length of this sequence complies with the current communication numerology employed by the device 1. In the case of OFDM, resource indices may be specified in the pilot pattern information. The multiple pilot patterns may be mutually orthogonal. The multiple pilot patterns do not necessarily require to be mutually orthogonal. This allows the CU 4 obtaining a large range of randomly generated pilot patterns into the selection pool.

[0238] For example, a physical layer, such as the 5G NR physical layer, may utilize time-frequency resources for transmission. The present disclosure is not limit to the 5G NR standard and, thus, the description is correspondingly valid in case of a different communication standard. The resource elements form a resource grid accommodating the physical properties deriving from the numerology used for the transmission, in terms of subcarrier spacing, number of OFDM symbols within a radio frame. The CU 4 may select pilot patterns according a current numerology and resource configuration used in a communication between the entity 1 and the entity 2, i.e. in the present example used in an uplink communication between the device 1 and the BS 2.

[0239] The CU 4 may select the multiple pilot patterns (used for broadcasting data, i.e. side information) such that the information structure of the pilot patterns may ease discrimination by other devices (e.g. UEs 3) using a simple and low complexity method. A possible way for selecting pilot patterns is to retain pilot patterns that have significant structural differences to other pilot patterns in the set (i.e. in the multiple pilot patterns). In the following an example of selection scheme that may be performed by the CU 4 is provided, which comprises measuring the variance of the relative difference between each pair of pilot patterns in a set. The CU 4 may uses a (predefined) lower bound value (i.e. lower threshold) as an acceptance criterion for the value of variance. The aforementioned example of a selection scheme may be expressed by the following, wherein pi and p2 are a pair pilot patterns:

[0240] V Pi and p2G Set threshold Another example of a selection scheme that may be used by the CU 4 may comprise a decision policy based on the norm 2 distance of each pair of pilot patterns pi and p2, which may be expressed by the following:

[0241] V Pi and p2G Set

[0242] IIPi—P2 II > threshold

[0243] The CU 4 may determine (e.g. define) the encoding scheme to use after the CU 4 has determined (e.g. formed) the multiple pilot patterns for broadcasting. For example, the CU 4 may map each pilot pattern of the multiple pilot patterns to one or more bits of a bit stream (i.e. data stream) to encode. This allows satisfying, in a best effort basis, a targeted encoded data bitrate. The CU 4 may determine 2npilot patterns (as the multiple pilot patterns for broadcasting) to represent sequences of n bits from a data stream to encode.

[0244] Optionally, the CU 4 may additionally determine (e.g. define) further coding strategies to apply subsequently to pilot pattern encoding. For example, the CU 4 may specify a redundancy number, such that each pilot pattern used for encoding data in a signal is repeatedly transmitted in order to ease the decoding prediction. The CU 4 may specify a predetermined sequence of pilot patterns that may indicate a contextual notification such as a synchronization event for the data stream. The CU 4 may specify guard intervals within the transmitted pilot patterns, where for example the broadcasting service is switched off and a default communication pilot pattern is used in the uplink transmission. This may be desirable if the transmitting device (e.g. device 1) or the BS (e.g. BS 2) do not desire to use pilot pattern encoding in every radio sub-frame.

[0245] In other words the CU 4 may determine at least one of information on a number of two or more times, at which at least one pilot pattern of one or more pilot patterns of a signal comprising data in the form of the one or more pilot patterns is to be transmitted during a transmission of the signal; information on one pilot pattern or a sequence of two or more pilot patterns that specifies a contextual notification (such as a synchronization event for the data); information on a default pilot pattern for being included in a signal to indicate that the signal does not comprise data in the form of one or more pilot patterns of the multiple pilot patterns; information on the default pilot pattern for being included and re-transmitted in a signal to indicate that transmission of data in the form of one or more pilot patterns of the multiple pilot patterns is resumed; and information on a second default pilot pattern for being included in a signal to indicate that transmission of data in the form of one or more pilot patterns of the multiple pilot patterns is resumed. The CU 4 may acknowledge the service request (received from the device 1) and communicate the determined encoding scheme to the device 1. Optionally, the CU 4 may communicate to the device 1 at least one of the aforementioned determined optional information. The CU 4 may transmit the aforementioned one or more optional information simultaneously with transmitting the encoding scheme to the device 1.

[0246] For example, the CU 4 may transmit the encoding scheme to the device 1 by transmitting the multiple pilot patterns (may be referred to as set of pilot patterns) to be employed for broadcasting data and the corresponding bit sequences, i.e. a mapping of different data (e.g. a different bit sequence of bit sequences) to each of the multiple pilot patterns. The CU 4 may provide the pilot symbol sequences (for the multiple pilot patterns). Optionally, the CU 4 may provide one or more short identification codes relating to a predefined codebook of the multiple pilot patterns. The CU 4 may transmit one or more additional coding schemes (e.g. redundancy, guard intervals and / or reference sequences) as exemplarily described above to the device 1 to be performed by the device 1 after encoding the data to be broadcast in the form of one or more pilot patterns of the multiple pilot patterns (i.e. after the pilot encoding). Optionally, the CU 4 may transmit an expiration time for using this service, after which, it is necessary for the device 1 to renew a service request, i.e. transmit again a service request. The aforementioned transmission from the CU 4 to the device 1 in response to the service request from the device is indicated in Figure 14 by the arrow S2a.

[0247] The CU 4 may also transmit to other devices (e.g. UEs 3’ of the UEs 3) at proximity of the device 1 a decoding scheme in line with the encoding scheme transmitted to the device 1. For this, the CU 4 may transmit to the other devices (e.g. UEs 3’ of the UEs 3) the multiple pilot patterns to be employed for broadcasting data and the corresponding bit sequences, i.e. a mapping of each of the multiple pilot patterns to different data (e.g. a different bit sequence of bit sequences). The CU 4 may transmit one or more additional coding schemes (e.g. redundancy, guard intervals and / or reference sequences) as exemplarily described above to the other devices (e.g. UEs 3’ of the UEs 3). In the case decoding algorithms are predetermined and commonly known by the CU 4 and the other devices (e.g. UEs 3’ of the UEs 3), the CU 4 may transmit one or more references indicating which decoding algorithm to use to the other devices (e.g. UEs 3’ of the UEs 3) at proximity of the device 1.

[0248] The CU 4 may also transmit to the other devices (e.g. UEs 3’ of the UEs 3) at proximity of the device 1 at least one of the following information regarding the data to be broadcasted and / or the transmitter of the data: a nature of the data (e.g. the sensor type, in case the data are sensor data), a data format (e.g. information structure, bit resolution, etc.), supported data rates, information on an application purpose (e.g. extended reality (XR) application or augmented reality (AR) application), and the context of the application. The CU 4 may transmit to the other devices (UEs 3’ of the UEs 3) synchronization information allowing radio frames detection (e.g. MCS index, timing advance, etc.), waveform information on the signal to be transmitted by the device 1 (e.g. frequency carrier, bandwidth, etc.), and / or an expiration time for the broadcast, if any. The CU 4 may transmit updated parameters of the above described information to other devices (e.g. UEs 3’ of the UEs 3) at proximity of the device 1 in order to notify transmission configuration changes of a transmission from the device 1 (e.g. uplink transmission configuration changes). The aforementioned transmission from the CU 4 to other devices (e.g. UEs 3’ of the UEs 3) at proximity of the device 1 is indicated in Figure 14 by the arrows S2b.

[0249] After having received the service confirmation message from the CU 4 (indicated by the arrow S2a), the device 1 may trigger or create a local processor (such as the processor 12 of Figure 10) of the device 1 that either replaces or assists a resource grid mapper (such as the mapper 14 of Figure 10) in an existing uplink communication chain of the device 1. Assuming that the data to be broadcasted by the device 1 is data streamed from a sensor, the processor of the device 1 may encode the data streamed from the sensor using the multiple pilot patterns communicated by the CU 4, and perform or assist resource grid mapping for the radio frame to be transmitted. That is, the processor may perform or assist in including the data from the sensor in the form of one or more pilot patterns in a signal to be transmitted from the device 1 to the BS 2. When forming the radio subframe resource blocks, the resource slots for the pilot patterns may be filled with the pattern symbols of the one or more pilot patterns for encoding the sensor data provided from the processor output, whereas the resource slots for data (intended for the BS 2, i.e. uplink data) may be filled as usual for an uplink transmission with the intended uplink data payload. The processor may internally use a buffer allowing to synchronize the sensor data rate to the uplink data rate.

[0250] Optionally, on the UEs 3’ at proximity of the device 1, a sensing application for receiving broadcasted data in the form of one or more pilot patterns may be in idle and may wait for a notification from the CU 4 about an active broadcasting service. Upon reception of such notification from the CU 4, the sensing application of a UE 3 ’ may trigger or create a local processor of the UE 3 ’ to perform pilot pattern detection and detection of data broadcasted in the form of one or more pilot patterns.

[0251] An example of an implementation of the pilot pattern detection by a UE 3’ may be the following. Since the UE 3’ is at proximity of the device 1 it may receive the signal intended for the BS 2 and transmitted by the device 1 to the BS 2. For each pilot pattern of the multiple pilot patterns shared by the CU 4, a processor of the UE 3 ’ may sample the received symbols (of the received signal) at indices corresponding to the intended location of pilot symbols, then the processor may measure the variance of ratios between the received samples and the expected pilot symbols. The processor may make a prediction by selecting the pilot pattern for which it obtains the lowest variance. For example, assuming a linear propagation system H between the transmitter device (i.e. the device 1) and the listener device (i.e. a UE 3’), the following model may be considered: y = Hpk+ noise

[0252] It is assumed that the coherence time is longer than the pilot pattern. The time frequency resource elements are indexed by an integer i e [1. . N], N is the number of the (resource) elements in the resource block concerned by the proposed scheme. The pilot patterns, are represented by sets of indices Sk= {ii ... ink} c [ 1 . . N ] and vectors pkof size |Sk| = nkk e 1 ... K, (K is the number of pilot patterns). To decode the data held by the selection of the pilot pattern, the procedure may operate as follows: At first select a possible pilot pattern pk. Next, the received symbols are normalized by the symbol received at a selected index mkin the set Sk, wherein this index is denoted imk. After that, a metric associated with the kthpilot denoted Mkis computed.

[0253] For example, Mkmay be one of the following:

[0254] Mk= var(V) where V[j] = >

[0255] Pkfmk]

[0256] Given that noise is modelled as zero mean random values, a ratio of received symbol values normalized by a predetermined symbol in the pilot pattern may be expected to be equivalent (roughly equivalent) to the same ratio of the known pilot symbols, for a true positive pilot detection.

[0257] In other cases, the sampled received symbols may correspond to data payload symbols instead of pilot symbols, therefore the ratios using these sampled received symbols will likely exhibit a higher degree of randomness. This may be expected when the pilot patterns also differ with respect to resource indices.

[0258] P _ y_

[0259] P[io] ~ y[io]

[0260] The data held by the pilot pattern selection (i.e. encoded in the form of one or more pilot patterns in the signal) may be decoded by minimizing the metric M. The processor of the UE 3’ may map the predicted pilot pattern (i.e. detected pilot pattern) into a bit sequence as specified by the decoding scheme received from the CU 4. The bit sequences may be buffered so that the processor may further perform redundancy checks, as may be specified in a message received from the CU 4. Reference sequences may also be detected at this stage, to be reported to the sensing application. The decoded (i.e. deciphered) data (that was broadcasted in the form of the one or more pilot patterns) may be passed to the sensing application.

[0261] After having acknowledged the service request from the device 1, the CU 4 that is assumed to be associated to the BS 2 (e.g. located on the BS 2) may trigger or create a local processor (to assist or replace an existing channel estimator and data detector which may process the signal intended for the BS 2 (i.e. uplink signal) received from the device 1). The processor of the BS 2 may perform pilot pattern detection (as indicated by the pilot pattern detection unit 22 of Figure 11), channel estimation (as indicated by the channel estimation and interpolation unit 24 of Figure 11), data detection estimation (as indicated by the data detection unit 25 of Figure 11), decoding (as indicated by the decoding unit 26 of Figure 11) and optionally pilot pattern validation (as indicated by the pilot pattern validation unit 27 of Figure 11).

[0262] The pilot pattern detection procedure may be as described for the pilot pattern detection by an UE 3 ’ at proximity of the device 1, except that the processor of the BS 2 may also store the prediction scores for each pilot pattern entry. The BS 2 may temporarily store the entire received signal symbols along with the pilot prediction results. The processor of the BS 2 may perform redundancy checks on the pilot prediction results, and compute an aggregated prediction.

[0263] Using the previous prediction, which is the identified pilot pattern, the processor may perform channel estimation, interpolation and data detection and decoding as in a communication signal processing chain for processing an uplink signal to receive the uplink data.

[0264] Optionally, the processor of the BS 2 may perform validation tests on the detected data payload, such as CRC. If an anomaly is detected, the processor has the opportunity to reconsider the result of the previous aggregated prediction and select the next prediction result. With this new estimation of pilot pattern, the processor may restart with the pilot pattern detection until the pilot pattern validation step is passed (i.e. no errors are detected). If all attempts fail, the BS 2 may report the frame error to the normal communication control for handling.

[0265] Figure 15 shows an example of a method for wireless communication according to this disclosure. The method of Figure 15 is an example of the method according to the ninth aspect of this disclosure. The description of the method according to the ninth aspect is correspondingly valid for the method of Figure

[0266] 15.

[0267] The method of Figure 15 is a method for wireless communication. The method comprises the step S150 of broadcasting data by including, in a step S 151, the data in the form of one or more pilot patterns of multiple pilot patterns to a signal comprising second data, and transmitting, in a step S 152 following the step S 151, the signal comprising the data in the form of the one or more pilot patterns and the second data.

[0268] The entity 1 of Figure 1 may be configured to perform the method of Figure 15.

[0269] For further details on the method of Figure 15, reference is made to the description of the method according to the ninth aspect.

[0270] Figure 16 shows an example of a method for wireless communication according to this disclosure. The method of Figure 16 is an example of the method according to the tenth aspect of this disclosure. The description of the method according to the tenth aspect is correspondingly valid for the method of Figure

[0271] 16.

[0272] The method of Figure 16 is a method for wireless communication. The method comprises, in a step SI 60, transmitting a service request to an entity for wireless communication. The method comprises, in a step S161 following the step SI 60, receiving from the entity an encoding scheme that maps different data to each of multiple pilot patterns.

[0273] The entity 1 of Figure 2 and optionally the entity 1 of Figure 1 may be configured to perform the method of Figure 16.

[0274] For further details on the method of Figure 16, reference is made to the description of the method according to the tenth aspect.

[0275] Figure 17 shows an example of a method for wireless communication according to this disclosure. The method of Figure 17 is an example of the method according to the eleventh aspect of this disclosure. The description of the method according to the eleventh aspect is correspondingly valid for the method of Figure 17.

[0276] The method of Figure 17 is a method for wireless communication. The method comprises, in a step S170, receiving a signal. The method comprises, in a step S171 following the step S170, detecting in the signal one or more pilot patterns of multiple pilot patterns. The method comprises, in a step S172 following the step S 171 , extracting data from the one or more pilot patterns.

[0277] The entity 3 of Figure 3 may be configured to perform the method of Figure 17.

[0278] For further details on the method of Figure 17, reference is made to the description of the method according to the eleventh aspect.

[0279] Figure 18 shows an example of a method for wireless communication according to this disclosure. The method of Figure 18 is an example of the method according to the twelfth aspect of this disclosure. The description of the method according to the twelfth aspect is correspondingly valid for the method of Figure 18.

[0280] The method of Figure 18 is a method for wireless communication. The method comprises a step SI 80 of receiving a decoding scheme that maps each of multiple pilot patterns to different data.

[0281] The entity 3 of Figure 4 and optionally the entity 3 of Figure 3 may be configured to perform the method of Figure 18.

[0282] For further details on the method of Figure 18, reference is made to the description of the method according to the twelfth aspect.

[0283] Figure 19 shows an example of a method for wireless communication according to this disclosure. The method of Figure 19 is an example of the method according to the thirteenth aspect of this disclosure. The description of the method according to the thirteenth aspect is correspondingly valid for the method of Figure 19.

[0284] The method of Figure 19 is a method for wireless communication. The method comprises, in a step S190, receiving a signal. The method comprises, in a step S191 following the step S190, detecting in the signal one or more pilot patterns of multiple pilot patterns usable for including data in the signal. Optionally, the method may comprise, in a step SI 92 following the step S 191 , extracting data from the one or more pilot patterns (as indicated by the dashed block in Figure 19).

[0285] The entity 2 of Figure 5 may be configured to perform the method of Figure 19.

[0286] For further details on the method of Figure 19, reference is made to the description of the method according to the thirteenth aspect. Figure 20 shows an example of a method for wireless communication according to this disclosure. The method of Figure 20 is an example of the method according to the fourteenth aspect of this disclosure. The description of the method according to the fourteenth aspect is correspondingly valid for the method of Figure 20.

[0287] The method of Figure 20 is a method for wireless communication. The method comprises, in a step S200, receiving a service request from an entity for wireless communication. The method comprises, in a step S201 following the step S200, transmitting, in response to receiving the service request, to the entity an encoding scheme that maps different data to each of multiple pilot patterns.

[0288] The entity 4 of Figure 6 may be configured to perform the method of Figure 20.

[0289] For further details on the method of Figure 20, reference is made to the description of the method according to the fourteenth aspect.

[0290] Figure 21 shows an example of a method for wireless communication according to this disclosure. The method of Figure 21 is an example of the method according to the fifteenth aspect of this disclosure. The description of the method according to the fifteenth aspect is correspondingly valid for the method of Figure 21.

[0291] The method of Figure 21 is a method for wireless communication. The method comprises a step S210 of transmitting to one or more entities for wireless communication a decoding scheme that maps each of multiple pilot patterns to different data.

[0292] The entity 4 of Figure 7 and optionally the entity 4 of Figure 6 may be configured to perform the method of Figure 21.

[0293] For further details on the method of Figure 21, reference is made to the description of the method according to the fifteenth aspect.

[0294] The present disclosure has been described in conjunction with various embodiments as examples as well as implementations. However, other variations can be understood and effected by those persons skilled in the art and practicing the claimed matter, from the studies of the drawings, this disclosure and the independent claims. In the claims as well as in the description the word “comprising” does not exclude other elements or steps and the indefinite article “a” or “an” does not exclude a plurality. A single element or other unit may fulfill the functions of several entities or items recited in the claims. The mere fact that certain measures are recited in the mutual different dependent claims does not indicate that a combination of these measures cannot be used in an advantageous implementation.

Claims

CLAIMS1. An entity (1) for wireless communication, wherein the entity (1) is configured to broadcast data (DI) by including the data (DI) in the form of one or more pilot patterns (101) of multiple pilot patterns to a signal (100) comprising second data (D2), and transmitting the signal (100) comprising the data (DI) in the form of the one or more pilot patterns (101) and the second data (D2).

2. The entity (1) according to claim 1, wherein the entity (1) is configured to select the one or more pilot patterns (101) of the multiple pilot patterns according to an encoding scheme (300a) that maps different data to each of the multiple pilot patterns.

3. The entity (1) according to claim 2, wherein the entity (1) is configured to transmit a service request (200) to a second entity (4) for wireless communication, and receive the encoding scheme (300a) from the second entity (4).

4. The entity (1) according to any one of the previous claims, wherein the entity is configured to transmit two or more times at least one of the one or more pilot patterns when transmitting the signal; and / or transmit one pilot pattern or a sequence of two or more pilot patterns that specifies a contextual notification; and / or transmit the signal comprising a default pilot pattern and the second data, the default pilot pattern indicating that no data is transmitted in the form of one or more pilot patterns; and / or re-transmit the signal comprising the default pilot pattern and the second data, the re-transmitted default pilot pattern indicating that transmission of data in the form of one or more pilot patterns is resumed; and / or transmit the signal comprising a second default pilot pattern and the second data, the second default pilot pattern indicating that transmission of data in the form of one or more pilot patterns is resumed.

5. The entity (1) according to claim 4, wherein the entity is configured to receive at least one of information on a number of the two or more times, at which at least one pilot pattern of the one or more pilot patterns of the signal is to be transmitted during the transmission of the signal; information on one pilot pattern or a sequence of two or more pilot patterns that specifies a contextual notification;information on a default pilot pattern for being included in a signal to indicate that the signal does not comprise data in the form of one or more pilot patterns of the multiple pilot patterns; information on the default pilot pattern for being included and re-transmitted in a signal to indicate that transmission of data in the form of one or more pilot patterns of the multiple pilot patterns is resumed; and information on a second default pilot pattern for being included in a signal to indicate that transmission of data in the form of one or more pilot patterns of the multiple pilot patterns is resumed.

6. An entity (1) for wireless communication, wherein the entity (1) is configured to transmit a service request (200) to a second entity (4) for wireless communication, and receive from the second entity (4) an encoding scheme (300a) that maps different data to each of multiple pilot patterns.

7. An entity (3) for wireless communication, wherein the entity (3) is configured to receive a signal (100), detect in the signal (100) one or more pilot patterns (101) of multiple pilot patterns, and extract data (DI) from the one or more pilot patterns (101).

8. The entity (3) according to claim 7, wherein the entity (3) is configured to extract the data (DI) from the one or more pilot patterns (101) according to a decoding scheme (300b) that maps each of the multiple pilot patterns to different data.

9. The entity (3) according to claim 8, wherein the entity (3) is configured to receive the decoding scheme (300b) from a second entity (4) for wireless communication.

10. The entity (3) according to any one of claims 7 to 9, wherein the entity (3) is configured to receive at least one of information on a number of two or more times, at which at least one pilot pattern of the one or more pilot patterns of the signal is to be transmitted during a transmission of the signal; information on one pilot pattern or a sequence of two or more pilot patterns that specifies a contextual notification; information on a default pilot pattern for being included in a signal to indicate that the signal does not comprise data in the form of one or more pilot patterns of the multiple pilot patterns;information on the default pilot pattern for being included and re-transmitted in a signal to indicate that transmission of data in the form of one or more pilot patterns of the multiple pilot patterns is resumed; and information on a second default pilot pattern for being included in a signal to indicate that transmission of data in the form of one or more pilot patterns of the multiple pilot patterns is resumed.

11. An entity (3) for wireless communication, wherein the entity (3) is configured to receive a decoding scheme (300b) that maps each of multiple pilot patterns to different data.

12. An entity (2) for wireless communication, wherein the entity is configured to receive a signal (100), and detect in the signal (100) one or more pilot patterns (101) of multiple pilot patterns usable for including data in the signal.

13. The entity (2) according to claim 12, wherein the entity is configured to extract data (DI) from the one or more pilot patterns (101).

14. The entity (2) according to claim 12 or 13, wherein the entity (2) is configured to extract second data (D2) from the signal (100).

15. The entity (2) according to claim 14, wherein the entity (2) is configured to validate (27) the extracted second data (D2), and determine an error of the detection of the one or more pilot patterns (101) in case the validation of the extracted second data (D2) fails.

16. The entity (2) according to claim 15, wherein the entity (2) is configured to re-perform the detection of the one or more pilot patterns (101) in the signal (100) and extract the data (DI) from the re-detected one or more pilot patterns (101) in case the error is determined.

17. The entity (2) according to any one of claims 12 to 16, wherein the entity (2) is configured to extract the data (DI) from the one or more pilot patterns (101) according to a decoding scheme (300b) that maps each of the multiple pilot patterns to different data.

18. The entity (3) according to claim 17, wherein the entity (2) is configured to receive the decoding scheme (300b) from a second entity (4) for wireless communication.

19. The entity (3) according to any one of claims 12 to 18, wherein the entity (3) is configured to receive at least one of information on a number of two or more times, at which at least one pilot pattern of the one or more pilot patterns of the signal is to be transmitted during a transmission of the signal; information on one pilot pattern or a sequence of two or more pilot patterns that specifies a contextual notification; information on a default pilot pattern for being included in a signal to indicate that the signal does not comprise data in the form of one or more pilot patterns of the multiple pilot patterns; information on the default pilot pattern for being included and re-transmitted in a signal to indicate that transmission of data in the form of one or more pilot patterns of the multiple pilot patterns is resumed; and information on a second default pilot pattern for being included in a signal to indicate that transmission of data in the form of one or more pilot patterns of the multiple pilot patterns is resumed.

20. An entity (4) for wireless communication, wherein the entity (4) is configured to receive a service request (200) from a second entity (1) for wireless communication, and transmit, in response to receiving the service request (200), to the second entity (1) an encoding scheme (300a) that maps different data to each of multiple pilot patterns.

21. The entity (4) according to claim 20, wherein the entity (4) is configured to transmit to the second entity (1) at least one of information on a number of two or more times, at which at least one pilot pattern of one or more pilot patterns of a signal comprising data (DI) in the form of the one or more pilot patterns (101) is to be transmitted during a transmission of the signal by the second entity; information on one pilot pattern or a sequence of two or more pilot patterns that specifies a contextual notification; information on a default pilot pattern for being included in a signal to indicate that the signal does not comprise data in the form of one or more pilot patterns of the multiple pilot patterns; information on the default pilot pattern for being included and re-transmitted in a signal to indicate that transmission of data in the form of one or more pilot patterns of the multiple pilot patterns is resumed; and information on a second default pilot pattern for being included in a signal to indicate that transmission of data in the form of one or more pilot patterns of the multiple pilot patterns is resumed.

22. The entity (4) according to claim 20 or 21, wherein the entity (4) is configured to transmit a decoding scheme (300b), which is in line with the encoding scheme (300a), to one or more entities (3) for wireless communication that are related to the second entity (1).

23. The entity (4) according to claim 22, wherein the one or more entities (3) are related to the second entity (1) in that at least one of the following is true: the one or more entities (3) and the second entity (1) are in a common cell, the one or more entities (3) are in a certain area, a distance between the one or more entities (3) and the second entity (1) is smaller than a threshold, and the one or more entities (3) and the second entity (1) are part of a common communication subnetwork.

24. The entity (4) according to claim 22 or 23, wherein the entity (4) is configured to transmit to the one or more entities (3) at least one of information on a number of two or more times, at which at least one pilot pattern of one or more pilot patterns of a signal comprising data (DI) in the form of the one or more pilot patterns (101) is to be transmitted during a transmission of the signal; information on one pilot pattern or a sequence of two or more pilot patterns that specifies a contextual notification; information on a default pilot pattern for being included in a signal to indicate that the signal does not comprise data in the form of one or more pilot patterns of the multiple pilot patterns; information on the default pilot pattern for being included and re-transmitted in a signal to indicate that transmission of data in the form of one or more pilot patterns of the multiple pilot patterns is resumed; and information on a second default pilot pattern for being included in a signal to indicate that transmission of data in the form of one or more pilot patterns of the multiple pilot patterns is resumed.

25. An entity (4) for wireless communication, wherein the entity (4) is configured to transmit to one or more entities (3) for wireless communication an decoding scheme (300b) that maps each of multiple pilot patterns to different data.

26. A signal (100) comprising first data (D 1) in the form of one or more pilot patterns ( 101) of multiple pilot patterns, and second data (D2) for a transmission.

27. A method for wireless communication, wherein the method comprises broadcasting (S150) data by including (S 151) the data in the form of one or more pilot patterns of multiple pilot patterns to a signal comprising second data, and transmitting (S 152) the signal comprising the data in the form of the one or more pilot patterns and the second data.

28. A method for wireless communication, wherein the method comprises transmitting (SI 60) a service request to an entity for wireless communication, and receiving (S 161) from the entity an encoding scheme that maps different data to each of multiple pilot patterns.

29. A method for wireless communication, wherein the method comprises receiving (SI 70) a signal, detecting (SI 71) in the signal one or more pilot patterns of multiple pilot patterns, and extracting (SI 72) data from the one or more pilot patterns.

30. A method for wireless communication, wherein the method comprises receiving (SI 80) a decoding scheme that maps each of multiple pilot patterns to different data.

31. A method for wireless communication, wherein the method comprises receiving (SI 90) a signal, detecting (SI 91) in the signal one or more pilot patterns of multiple pilot patterns usable for including data in the signal.

32. A method for wireless communication, wherein the method comprises receiving (S200) a service request from an entity for wireless communication, and transmitting (S201), in response to receiving the service request, to the entity an encoding scheme that maps different data to each of multiple pilot patterns.

33. A method for wireless communication, wherein the method comprises transmitting (S210) to one or more entities for wireless communication a decoding scheme that maps each of multiple pilot patterns to different data.

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