Antibodies or antigen-binding fragments binding to lilrb1 and uses thereof
Patent Information
- Authority / Receiving Office
- EP · EP
- Patent Type
- Applications
- Current Assignee / Owner
- ELPISCIENCE (SUZHOU) BIOPHARMA LTD
- Filing Date
- 2024-06-19
- Publication Date
- 2026-04-29
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Figure CN2024100199_26122024_PF_FP_ABST
Abstract
Description
ANTIBODIES OR ANTIGEN-BINDING FRAGMENTS BINDING TO LILRB1 AND USES THEREOFTECHNICAL FIELD
[0001] The present disclosure relates to the antibodies or antigen-binding fragments binding to LILRB1, polynucleotides, vectors, host cells, and pharmaceutical compositions thereof. The present disclosure also relates to the uses of the antibodies or antigen-binding fragments.BACKGROUND
[0002] The statements in this section merely provide background information related to the present disclosure and do not necessarily constitute prior art.
[0003] Immune checkpoint molecules, including inhibitory and stimulatory immune checkpoint molecules, are defined as ligand-receptor pairs that exert inhibitory or stimulatory effects on immune responses. Most of the immune checkpoint molecules that have been described so far are expressed on cells of the adaptive immune system, particularly on T cells, and of the innate immune system. They are crucial for maintaining the self-tolerance and modulating the length and magnitude of immune responses of effectors in different tissues to minimize the tissue damage. More and more evidences have shown that inhibitory or stimulatory immune checkpoint molecules are expressed on a sizeable fraction of tumor types (Zhang Y, Zheng J. Adv Exp Med Biol. 2020; 1248: 201-226. ) . Current immune checkpoint blockade strategies have been a promising cancer treatment. When properly stimulated, effector cells of both the innate immune system and adaptive immune system possess the ability to attack cancer cells (Barkal AA, et al., Nat Immunol. 2018 Jan; 19 (1) : 76-84. ) .
[0004] LILRB1 (leukocyte immunoglobulin like receptor B1) , also known as ILT2, is a member of the leukocyte immunoglobulin-like receptor (LIR) family. LILRB1 is an immunoreceptor tyrosine-based inhibitory motif-containing receptor, and widely expressed on human immune cells, including B cells, monocytes and macrophages, dendritic cells and subsets of natural killer (NK) cells and T cells. The ligands of LILRB1, such as major histocompatibility complex (MHC) class I molecules, activate LILRB1 and transduce a suppressive signal, which inhibits the immune responses (Chen H, Chen Y, et ai., J Immunother Cancer. 2020 Aug; 8 (2) : e000515. ) .SUMMARY
[0005] The present disclosure provides a novel antibody binding to LILRB1 or antigen-binding fragment thereof, which could improve immune response or decrease immune inhibition by blocking LILRB1 signaling pathway, thus the antibody binding to LILRB1 or antigen-binding fragment thereof can ameliorate the neoplastic disease. The antibody binding to LILRB1 or antigen-binding fragment thereof comprises a heavy chain variable region comprising heavy chain complementarity determining regions HCDR1, HCDR2 and HCDR3, and a light chain variable region comprising light chain complementarity determining regions LCDR1, LCDR2 and LCDR3, the HCDR1 is at least 80%, 85%, 90%, 91%, 92%, 93%, 94%, 95%, 96%, 97%, 98%, 99%, 100%identical to the amino acid sequence as shown in SEQ ID NO: 17, the HCDR2 is at least 80%, 85%, 90%, 91%, 92%, 93%, 94%, 95%, 96%, 97%, 98%, 99%, 100%identical to the amino acid sequence as shown in SEQ ID NO: 18, the HCDR3 is at least 80%, 85%, 90%, 91%, 92%, 93%, 94%, 95%, 96%, 97%, 98%, 99%, 100%identical to the amino acid sequence as shown in SEQ ID NO: 19; and the LCDR1 is at least 80%, 85%, 90%, 91%, 92%, 93%, 94%, 95%, 96%, 97%, 98%, 99%, 100%identical to the amino acid sequence as shown in SEQ ID NO: 20, the LCDR2 is at least 80%, 85%, 90%, 91%, 92%, 93%, 94%, 95%, 96%, 97%, 98%, 99%, 100%identical to the amino acid sequence as shown in SEQ ID NO: 21, the LCDR1 is at least 80%, 85%, 90%, 91%, 92%, 93%, 94%, 95%, 96%, 97%, 98%, 99%, 100%identical to the amino acid sequence as shown in SEQ ID NO: 22.
[0006] In some embodiments, HCDR1, HCDR2 and HCDR3 comprise amino acid sequences as shown in SEQ ID NOs: 17, 18 and 19, respectively; LCDR1, LCDR2 and LCDR3 comprise amino acid sequences as shown in SEQ ID NOs: 20, 21 and 22, respectively.
[0007] In some embodiments, the heavy chain variable region and the light chain variable region comprise the amino acid sequences as shown in SEQ ID NOs: 7-8, respectively; the heavy chain variable region and the light chain variable region comprise the amino acid sequences as shown in SEQ ID NOs: 9 and 13, respectively; the heavy chain variable region and the light chain variable region comprise the amino acid sequences as shown in SEQ ID NOs: 9 and 14, respectively; the heavy chain variable region and the light chain variable region comprise the amino acid sequences as shown in SEQ ID NOs: 9 and 15, respectively; the heavy chain variable region and the light chain variable region comprise the amino acid sequences as shown in SEQ ID NOs: 9 and 16, respectively; the heavy chain variable region and the light chain variable region comprise the amino acid sequences as shown in SEQ ID NOs: 10 and 13, respectively; the heavy chain variable region and the light chain variable region comprise the amino acid sequences as shown in SEQ ID NOs: 10 and 14, respectively; the heavy chain variable region and the light chain variable region comprise the amino acid sequences as shown in SEQ ID NOs: 10 and 15, respectively; the heavy chain variable region and the light chain variable region comprise the amino acid sequences as shown in SEQ ID NOs: 10 and 16, respectively; the heavy chain variable region and the light chain variable region comprise the amino acid sequences as shown in SEQ ID NOs: 11 and 13, respectively; the heavy chain variable region and the light chain variable region comprise the amino acid sequences as shown in SEQ ID NOs: 11 and 14, respectively; the heavy chain variable region and the light chain variable region comprise the amino acid sequences as shown in SEQ ID NOs: 11 and 15, respectively; the heavy chain variable region and the light chain variable region comprise the amino acid sequences as shown in SEQ ID NOs: 11 and 16, respectively; the heavy chain variable region and the light chain variable region comprise the amino acid sequences as shown in SEQ ID NOs: 12 and 13, respectively; the heavy chain variable region and the light chain variable region comprise the amino acid sequences as shown in SEQ ID NOs: 12 and 14, respectively; the heavy chain variable region and the light chain variable region comprise the amino acid sequences as shown in SEQ ID NOs: 12 and 15, respectively; or the heavy chain variable region and the light chain variable region comprise the amino acid sequences as shown in SEQ ID NOs: 12 and 16, respectively.
[0008] In some embodiments, the antibody binding to LILRB1 or antigen-binding fragment thereof potentiates immune cells (e.g., NK cells and macrophage cells) killing activity, such as, NK cell-mediated destruction of unexpected cells, macrophage cells phagocytosis of unexpected cells.
[0009] In some embodiments, the antibody binding to LILRB1 or antigen-binding fragment thereof potentiates destruction of MHC class I molecule expressing cells, optionally, MHC class I molecule includes HLA-G, β2M, HLA-A2 or combination thereof.
[0010] In some embodiments, the antibody binding to LILRB1 or antigen-binding fragment thereof potentiates NK cell-mediated destruction of HLA-G expressing cells.
[0011] In some embodiments, the antibody binding to LILRB1 or antigen-binding fragment thereof potentiated macrophage cells phagocytosis of immune checkpoint related antibody (e.g., anti-SIRPαantibody, anti-CD47 antibody) opsonized MHC class I molecule expressing cells.
[0012] In some embodiments, the antibody binding to LILRB1 or antigen-binding fragment thereof doesn’t bind to or barely binds to LILRB (e.g., LILRB2, LILRB3, LILRB4, LILRB5, LILRB1 excluded) and LILRA (LILRA1, LILRA2, LILRA3, LILRA4, LILRA5) family.
[0013] In some embodiments, the antibody binding to LILRB1 or antigen-binding fragment thereof blocks the interaction of LILRB1 and ligands thereof (such as human HLA-G, human HLA-A2) .
[0014] In some embodiments, the antibody binding to LILRB1 or antigen-binding fragment thereof comprises an effector molecule binding fragment (e.g., Fc fragment) .
[0015] An isolated polynucleotide encoding the antibody binding to LILRB1 or antigen-binding fragment thereof provided above, an isolated vector comprising the polynucleotide, and a host cell comprising the isolated polynucleotide, or the isolated vector are also provided.
[0016] In another aspect, the present disclosure provides a kit comprising the antibody binding to LILRB1 or antigen-binding fragment thereof described above.
[0017] In another aspect, the present disclosure provides a pharmaceutical composition comprising the antibody binding to LILRB1 or antigen-binding fragment thereof, the isolated polynucleotide, the isolated vector, or the host cell, and a pharmaceutically acceptable carrier.
[0018] In another aspect, provide herein is the use of the antibody binding to LILRB1 or antigen-binding fragment thereof, the isolated polynucleotide, the isolated vector, the host cell or the pharmaceutical composition in the manufacture of a therapeutic agent for diagnosing, preventing or treating a neoplastic disease.
[0019] In another aspect, provide herein is a combination comprising the antibody binding to LILRB1 or antigen-binding fragment thereof described above, and a second therapeutic agent for use in treating a neoplastic disease in a subject, wherein the second therapeutic agent is chosen from one or more of: an inhibitor of an inhibitory molecule, an activator of a costimulatory molecule, a chemotherapy, a targeted anticancer therapy, an oncolytic drug, a cytotoxic agent, an immune-based therapy, a cytokine, a vaccine, or a cellular immunotherapy.
[0020] In another aspect, provide herein is a method for treating a subject having a neoplastic disease, comprising administrating to the subject a therapeutically effective amount of the antibody binding to LILRB1 or antigen-binding fragment thereof, the isolated polynucleotide, the isolated vector, the host cell or the pharmaceutical composition.BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
[0021] The following is a brief description of the drawings, which are presented for the purposes of illustrating the exemplary embodiments disclosed herein and not for the purposes of limiting the same.
[0022] Figure 1 shows the binding of 82c and human IgG4 isotype control (hIgG4 iso) to human LILRB1-expressing K562 / SHP-1+LILRB1+ cells in a FACS-based binding assay.
[0023] Figure 2 shows the effect of 82c, 15G8 and isotype control (hIgG4 iso) on potentiating NK92 / CD16a cells killing of A375 / HLA-G cells. The cytotoxicity index values obtained under the indicated treatments are listed at the top of each column.
[0024] Figure 3. shows the effect of 15G8, 82c and isotype control (hIgG4 iso) on potentiating macrophage phagocytosis of DLD-1 / β2M cells. The phagocytosis index values obtained under the indicated treatments are listed at the top of each column.
[0025] Figure 4A and 4B show the binding of 82c, 82c derived humanized variants and human IgG1LALA isotype control (hIgG1LALA iso) to human LILRB1-expressing K562 / SHP-1+LILRB1+cells in a FACS-based binding assay.
[0026] Figure 5 shows the activity of 82c, hu082.02, hu082.03, hu082.06, hIgG4 iso and hIgG1LALA iso to block the interaction of human HLA-G with human LILRB1 in a FACS-based competition assay. The blocking ratios obtained under the indicated treatments are listed at the top of each column.
[0027] Figure 6 shows the activity of hu082.03 and hIgG1LALA iso to block the interaction of human HLA-A2 with human LILRB1 in a FACS-based competition assay.
[0028] Figure 7 shows the principle of LILRB1 / SHP-1 recruitment assay.
[0029] Figure 8 shows the activity of hu082.03, 15G8, hIgG4 iso and hIgG1LALA iso to block MHC class I-induced LILRB1 downstream signals in LILRB1 / SHP-1 recruitment assays using Raji cells (A) or A375 / HLA-G cells (B) as stimulator cells.
[0030] Figure 9 shows the effect of 82c, hu082.02, hu082.03, hu082.06, hIgG4 iso and hIgG1LALA iso on potentiating NK92 / CD16a cells killing of A375 / HLA-G cells.
[0031] Figure 10 shows the effect of 82c, hu082.02, hu082.03, hu082.06, hIgG4 iso and hIgG1LALA iso on potentiating macrophage phagocytosis of DLD-1 / β2M cells. The phagocytosis index values obtained under the indicated treatments are listed at the top of each column.
[0032] Figure 11 shows the effect of hu082.03, hIgG4 iso and hIgG1LALA iso on potentiating macrophage phagocytosis of A375 / HLA-G cells. The phagocytosis index values obtained under the indicated treatments are listed at the top of each column.DETAILED DESCRIPTION
[0033] The present disclosure is explained in greater detail below. This description is not intended to be a detailed catalog of all the different ways in which the invention may be implemented, or all the features that may be added to the instant invention. For example, features illustrated with respect to one embodiment may be incorporated into other embodiments, and features illustrated with respect to a particular embodiment may be deleted from that embodiment. In addition, numerous variations and additions to the various embodiments suggested herein will be apparent to those skilled in the art in light of the instant disclosure which do not depart from the instant invention. Hence, the following description is intended to illustrate some particular embodiments of the invention, and not to exhaustively specify all permutations, combinations and variations thereof.
[0034] Unless defined otherwise, all technical and scientific terms used herein have the same meaning as commonly understood by one of ordinary skill in the art to which the disclosure pertains. Although any methods and materials similar or equivalent to those described herein may be used in the practice for testing of the present disclosure, the preferred materials and methods are described herein. In describing and claiming the present disclosure, the following terminology will be used.
[0035] An antibody binding to LILRB1 or antigen-binding fragment thereof
[0036] The antibody binding to LILRB1 or antigen-binding fragment thereof provided herein comprises a heavy chain variable region comprising heavy chain complementarity determining regions HCDR1, HCDR2 and HCDR3, and a light chain variable region comprising light chain complementarity determining regions LCDR1, LCDR2 and LCDR3, the HCDR1 is at least 80%, 85%, 90%, 91%, 92%, 93%, 94%, 95%, 96%, 97%, 98%, 99%, 100%identical to the amino acid sequence as shown in SEQ ID NO: 17, the HCDR2 is at least 80%, 85%, 90%, 91%, 92%, 93%, 94%, 95%, 96%, 97%, 98%, 99%, 100%identical to the amino acid sequence as shown in SEQ ID NO: 18, the HCDR3 is at least 80%, 85%, 90%, 91%, 92%, 93%, 94%, 95%, 96%, 97%, 98%, 99%, 100%identical to the amino acid sequence as shown in SEQ ID NO: 19; and the LCDR1 is at least 80%, 85%, 90%, 91%, 92%, 93%, 94%, 95%, 96%, 97%, 98%, 99%, 100%identical to the amino acid sequence as shown in SEQ ID NO: 20, the LCDR2 is at least 80%, 85%, 90%, 91%, 92%, 93%, 94%, 95%, 96%, 97%, 98%, 99%, 100%identical to the amino acid sequence as shown in SEQ ID NO: 21, the LCDR1 is at least 80%, 85%, 90%, 91%, 92%, 93%, 94%, 95%, 96%, 97%, 98%, 99%, 100%identical to the amino acid sequence as shown in SEQ ID NO: 22. The CDRs are defined using Kabat definition except HCDR1, which is defined using a combination of Kabat and IMGT systems. The term “antibody binding to LILRB1 or antigen-binding fragment thereof” as it is used herein with respect to the disclosure includes an isolated, recombinant or synthetic antibody, antibody conjugate or antibody derivative.
[0037] The term “antibody” described in the present disclosure refers to an immunoglobulin, which is a tetrapeptide chain structure consisting of two identical heavy chains and two identical light chains linked by interchain disulfide bonds. The amino acid composition and order of arrangement of the immunoglobulin heavy chain constant regions are different, so their antigenicity is also different. According to this, immunoglobulins can be classified into five types, or known as isotypes of immunoglobulins, namely IgM, IgD, IgG, IgA and IgE, and their corresponding heavy chains are μchain, δ chain, γ chain, α chain and ε chain, respectively. The same type of Ig can be classified into different subclasses according to the difference in the amino acid composition of the hinge region and the number and position of heavy chain disulfide bonds. For example, IgG can be classified into IgG1, IgG2, IgG3 and IgG4. The light chain is classified into κ chain or λ chain according to the difference in the constant region. Each of the five types of Ig can have κ chain or λ chain.
[0038] The term “antigen-binding fragment” refers to antigen-binding fragment of an antibody and antibody analog, which usually comprises at least part of the antigen-binding region or variable region (for example one or more CDRs) of the parental antibody. The antibody fragment retains at least some of the binding specificity of the parental antibody. Generally, when the activity is represented on a mole basis, the antibody fragment retains at least 10%of the parental binding activity. Preferably, the antibody fragment retains at least 20%, 50%, 70%, 80%, 90%, 95%or 100%or more of the binding affinity of the parental antibody to the target. Examples of antigen-binding fragments include, but are not limited to: Fab, Fab’ , F (ab’ ) 2, Fv fragment, linear antibody, single-chain antibody, nanobody, domain antibody and multispecific antibody. Engineered antibody variants are reviewed in Holliger and Hudson, 2005, Nat. Biotechnol. 23: 1126-1136.
[0039] “Heavy chain variable region” or “VH” with regard to an antibody refers to the fragment of the heavy chain that contains three CDRs interposed between flanking stretches known as framework regions, these framework regions are generally more highly conserved than the CDRs and form a scaffold to support the CDRs. Similarly, “light chain variable region” or “VL” with regard to an antibody refers to the fragment of the light chain that contains three CDRs interposed between flanking stretches known as framework regions, these framework regions are generally more highly conserved than the CDRs and form a scaffold to support the CDRs.
[0040] The identity percentage of two amino acid sequences is determined by dividing the number of the same residues by the total number of the amino acid residues and multiplying the quotient by 100 to obtain a percentage. Gaps are excluded when assessing identity. Therefore, two copies of completely identical sequences have 100%identity, but sequences with deletion, addition or replacement may have a lower degree of identity. A person skilled in the art will recognize that there are several computer programs that can be used to determine the identity of sequences, such as those programs using algorithms such as BLAST. BLAST nucleotide search is performed using the NBLAST program, and BLAST protein search is performed using the BLASTP program, and default parameters of each program are used.
[0041] Kabat and IMGT are known to these skilled in the art, see, for example, Kabat E A, Wu T T, Perry H M, et al., Sequence of Proteins of Immunological Interest [J] . 1991. Lefranc MP, et al., IMGT unique numbering for immunoglobulin and T cell receptor variable domains and Ig superfamily V-like domains. Dev Comp Immunol. 2003 Jan; 27 (1) : 55-77.
[0042] The CDRs of the antibody binding to LILRB1 or antigen-binding fragment thereof could contain mutation, which may be selected from an insertion, a deletion, and / or a substitution; the substitution is preferably a substitution of conserved amino acids.
[0043] The term “conserved amino acid” herein generally refers to amino acids that belong to the same class or have similar characteristics (e.g., charge, side chain size, hydrophobicity, hydrophilicity, backbone conformation, and rigidity) . Conserved substitutions may be naturally occurring or may be introduced for example using mutagenesis (e.g., Hutchinson et al., 1978, J. Biol. Chem. 253: 6551) . The amino acids glycine, alanine, valine, leucine and isoleucine, for example, can often be substituted for one another (amino acids having aliphatic side chains) . Of these possible substitutions, it is preferred that glycine and alanine are used to substitute for one another (since they have relatively short side chains) and that valine, leucine and isoleucine are used to substitute for one another (since they have larger aliphatic side chains which are hydrophobic) . Other amino acids which may often be substituted for one another include but are not limited to, phenylalanine, tyrosine and tryptophan (amino acids having aromatic side chains) ; lysine, arginine and histidine (amino acids having basic side chains) ; aspartate and glutamate (amino acids having acidic side chains) ; and asparagine and glutamine (amino acids having amide side chains) .
[0044] In some embodiments, the HCDR1, HCDR2 and HCDR3 comprise amino acid sequences as shown in SEQ ID NOs: 17, 18 and 19 with no more than 3, 2, 1 amino acid deletion, insertion and / or substitution, respectively; LCDR1, LCDR2 and LCDR3 comprise amino acid sequences as shown in SEQ ID NOs: 20, 21 and 22 with no more than 3, 2, 1 amino acid deletion, insertion and / or substitution, respectively.
[0045] In some embodiments, HCDR1, HCDR2 and HCDR3 comprise amino acid sequences as shown in SEQ ID NOs: 17, 18 and 19 with no more than 3, 2, 1 amino acid conservative substitution, respectively; LCDR1, LCDR2 and LCDR3 comprise amino acid sequences as shown in SEQ ID NOs: 20, 21 and 22 with no more than 3, 2, 1 amino acid conservative substitution, respectively.
[0046] In some embodiments, HCDR1, HCDR2 and HCDR3 comprise amino acid sequences as shown in SEQ ID NOs: 17, 18 and 19, respectively; and LCDR1, LCDR2 and LCDR3 comprise amino acid sequences as shown in SEQ ID NOs: 20, 21 and 22, respectively.
[0047] In some embodiments, the heavy chain variable region is at least 80%, 85%, 90%, 91%, 92%, 93%, 94%, 95%, 96%, 97%, 98%, 99%, 100%identical to the amino acid sequence as shown in SEQ ID NO: 7; and the light chain variable region is at least 80%, 85%, 90%, 91%, 92%, 93%, 94%, 95%, 96%, 97%, 98%, 99%, 100%identical to the amino acid sequence as shown in SEQ ID NO: 8; the heavy chain variable region is at least 80%, 85%, 90%, 91%, 92%, 93%, 94%, 95%, 96%, 97%, 98%, 99%, 100%identical to the amino acid sequence as shown in SEQ ID NO: 9; and the light chain variable region is at least 80%, 85%, 90%, 91%, 92%, 93%, 94%, 95%, 96%, 97%, 98%, 99%, 100%identical to the amino acid sequence as shown in SEQ ID NO: 13; the heavy chain variable region is at least 80%, 85%, 90%, 91%, 92%, 93%, 94%, 95%, 96%, 97%, 98%, 99%, 100%identical to the amino acid sequence as shown in SEQ ID NO: 9; and the light chain variable region is at least 80%, 85%, 90%, 91%, 92%, 93%, 94%, 95%, 96%, 97%, 98%, 99%, 100%identical to the amino acid sequence as shown in SEQ ID NO: 14; the heavy chain variable region is at least 80%, 85%, 90%, 91%, 92%, 93%, 94%, 95%, 96%, 97%, 98%, 99%, 100%identical to the amino acid sequence as shown in SEQ ID NO: 9; and the light chain variable region is at least 80%, 85%, 90%, 91%, 92%, 93%, 94%, 95%, 96%, 97%, 98%, 99%, 100%identical to the amino acid sequence as shown in SEQ ID NO: 15; the heavy chain variable region is at least 80%, 85%, 90%, 91%, 92%, 93%, 94%, 95%, 96%, 97%, 98%, 99%, 100%identical to the amino acid sequence as shown in SEQ ID NO: 9; and the light chain variable region is at least 80%, 85%, 90%, 91%, 92%, 93%, 94%, 95%, 96%, 97%, 98%, 99%, 100%identical to the amino acid sequence as shown in SEQ ID NO: 16; the heavy chain variable region is at least 80%, 85%, 90%, 91%, 92%, 93%, 94%, 95%, 96%, 97%, 98%, 99%, 100%identical to the amino acid sequence as shown in SEQ ID NO: 10; and the light chain variable region is at least 80%, 85%, 90%, 91%, 92%, 93%, 94%, 95%, 96%, 97%, 98%, 99%, 100%identical to the amino acid sequence as shown in SEQ ID NO: 13; the heavy chain variable region is at least 80%, 85%, 90%, 91%, 92%, 93%, 94%, 95%, 96%, 97%, 98%, 99%, 100%identical to the amino acid sequence as shown in SEQ ID NO: 10; and the light chain variable region is at least 80%, 85%, 90%, 91%, 92%, 93%, 94%, 95%, 96%, 97%, 98%, 99%, 100%identical to the amino acid sequence as shown in SEQ ID NO: 14; the heavy chain variable region is at least 80%, 85%, 90%, 91%, 92%, 93%, 94%, 95%, 96%, 97%, 98%, 99%, 100%identical to the amino acid sequence as shown in SEQ ID NO: 10; and the light chain variable region is at least 80%, 85%, 90%, 91%, 92%, 93%, 94%, 95%, 96%, 97%, 98%, 99%, 100%identical to the amino acid sequence as shown in SEQ ID NO: 15; the heavy chain variable region is at least 80%, 85%, 90%, 91%, 92%, 93%, 94%, 95%, 96%, 97%, 98%, 99%, 100%identical to the amino acid sequence as shown in SEQ ID NO: 10; and the light chain variable region is at least 80%, 85%, 90%, 91%, 92%, 93%, 94%, 95%, 96%, 97%, 98%, 99%, 100%identical to the amino acid sequence as shown in SEQ ID NO: 16; the heavy chain variable region is at least 80%, 85%, 90%, 91%, 92%, 93%, 94%, 95%, 96%, 97%, 98%, 99%, 100%identical to the amino acid sequence as shown in SEQ ID NO: 11; and the light chain variable region is at least 80%, 85%, 90%, 91%, 92%, 93%, 94%, 95%, 96%, 97%, 98%, 99%, 100%identical to the amino acid sequence as shown in SEQ ID NO: 13; the heavy chain variable region is at least 80%, 85%, 90%, 91%, 92%, 93%, 94%, 95%, 96%, 97%, 98%, 99%, 100%identical to the amino acid sequence as shown in SEQ ID NO: 11; and the light chain variable region is at least 80%, 85%, 90%, 91%, 92%, 93%, 94%, 95%, 96%, 97%, 98%, 99%, 100%identical to the amino acid sequence as shown in SEQ ID NO: 14; the heavy chain variable region is at least 80%, 85%, 90%, 91%, 92%, 93%, 94%, 95%, 96%, 97%, 98%, 99%, 100%identical to the amino acid sequence as shown in SEQ ID NO: 11; and the light chain variable region is at least 80%, 85%, 90%, 91%, 92%, 93%, 94%, 95%, 96%, 97%, 98%, 99%, 100%identical to the amino acid sequence as shown in SEQ ID NO: 15; the heavy chain variable region is at least 80%, 85%, 90%, 91%, 92%, 93%, 94%, 95%, 96%, 97%, 98%, 99%, 100%identical to the amino acid sequence as shown in SEQ ID NO: 11; and the light chain variable region is at least 80%, 85%, 90%, 91%, 92%, 93%, 94%, 95%, 96%, 97%, 98%, 99%, 100%identical to the amino acid sequence as shown in SEQ ID NO: 16; the heavy chain variable region is at least 80%, 85%, 90%, 91%, 92%, 93%, 94%, 95%, 96%, 97%, 98%, 99%, 100%identical to the amino acid sequence as shown in SEQ ID NO: 12; and the light chain variable region is at least 80%, 85%, 90%, 91%, 92%, 93%, 94%, 95%, 96%, 97%, 98%, 99%, 100%identical to the amino acid sequence as shown in SEQ ID NO: 13; the heavy chain variable region is at least 80%, 85%, 90%, 91%, 92%, 93%, 94%, 95%, 96%, 97%, 98%, 99%, 100%identical to the amino acid sequence as shown in SEQ ID NO: 12; and the light chain variable region is at least 80%, 85%, 90%, 91%, 92%, 93%, 94%, 95%, 96%, 97%, 98%, 99%, 100%identical to the amino acid sequence as shown in SEQ ID NO: 14; the heavy chain variable region is at least 80%, 85%, 90%, 91%, 92%, 93%, 94%, 95%, 96%, 97%, 98%, 99%, 100%identical to the amino acid sequence as shown in SEQ ID NO: 12; and the light chain variable region is at least 80%, 85%, 90%, 91%, 92%, 93%, 94%, 95%, 96%, 97%, 98%, 99%, 100%identical to the amino acid sequence as shown in SEQ ID NO: 15; the heavy chain variable region is at least 80%, 85%, 90%, 91%, 92%, 93%, 94%, 95%, 96%, 97%, 98%, 99%, 100%identical to the amino acid sequence as shown in SEQ ID NO: 12; and the light chain variable region is at least 80%, 85%, 90%, 91%, 92%, 93%, 94%, 95%, 96%, 97%, 98%, 99%, 100%identical to the amino acid sequence as shown in SEQ ID NO: 16.
[0048] The heavy chain variable region and the light chain variable region of the antibody binding to LILRB1 or antigen-binding fragment thereof also could contain mutation, which may be selected from an insertion, a deletion, and / or a substitution; the substitution is preferably a substitution of conserved amino acids.
[0049] In some embodiments, the heavy chain variable region and the light chain variable region contains one or more mutation in framework region, optionally, the mutation do not significantly affect the desired activity of the heavy chain variable region or the light chain variable region. In some embodiments, the heavy chain variable region and the light chain variable region contains one or more conserved amino acids.
[0050] In some embodiments, the heavy chain variable region comprises or has an amino acid sequence as shown in SEQ ID NO: 7, and the light chain variable region comprises or has an amino acid sequence as shown in SEQ ID NO: 8; the heavy chain variable region comprises or has an amino acid sequence as shown in SEQ ID NO: 9, and the light chain variable region comprises or has an amino acid sequence as shown in SEQ ID NO: 13; the heavy chain variable region comprises or has an amino acid sequence as shown in SEQ ID NO: 9, and the light chain variable region comprises or has an amino acid sequence as shown in SEQ ID NO: 14; the heavy chain variable region comprises or has an amino acid sequence as shown in SEQ ID NO: 9, and the light chain variable region comprises or has an amino acid sequence as shown in SEQ ID NO: 15; the heavy chain variable region comprises or has an amino acid sequence as shown in SEQ ID NO: 9, and the light chain variable region comprises or has an amino acid sequence as shown in SEQ ID NO: 16; the heavy chain variable region comprises or has an amino acid sequence as shown in SEQ ID NO: 10, and the light chain variable region comprises or has an amino acid sequence as shown in SEQ ID NO: 13; the heavy chain variable region comprises or has an amino acid sequence as shown in SEQ ID NO: 10, and the light chain variable region comprises or has or has an amino acid sequence as shown in SEQ ID NO: 14; the heavy chain variable region comprises an amino acid sequence as shown in SEQ ID NO: 10, and the light chain variable region comprises or has an amino acid sequence as shown in SEQ ID NO: 15; the heavy chain variable region comprises or has an amino acid sequence as shown in SEQ ID NO: 10, and the light chain variable region comprises or has an amino acid sequence as shown in SEQ ID NO: 16; the heavy chain variable region comprises or has an amino acid sequence as shown in SEQ ID NO: 11, and the light chain variable region comprises or has or has an amino acid sequence as shown in SEQ ID NO: 13; the heavy chain variable region comprises or has an amino acid sequence as shown in SEQ ID NO: 11, and the light chain variable region comprises or has an amino acid sequence as shown in SEQ ID NO: 14; the heavy chain variable region comprises or has an amino acid sequence as shown in SEQ ID NO: 11, and the light chain variable region comprises or has an amino acid sequence as shown in SEQ ID NO: 15; the heavy chain variable region comprises or has an amino acid sequence as shown in SEQ ID NO: 11, and the light chain variable region comprises or has an amino acid sequence as shown in SEQ ID NO: 16; the heavy chain variable region comprises or has an amino acid sequence as shown in SEQ ID NO: 12, and the light chain variable region comprises or has or has an amino acid sequence as shown in SEQ ID NO: 13; the heavy chain variable region comprises or has an amino acid sequence as shown in SEQ ID NO: 12, and the light chain variable region comprises or has an amino acid sequence as shown in SEQ ID NO: 14; the heavy chain variable region comprises or has an amino acid sequence as shown in SEQ ID NO: 12, and the light chain variable region comprises or has an amino acid sequence as shown in SEQ ID NO: 15; or the heavy chain variable region comprises or has an amino acid sequence as shown in SEQ ID NO: 12, and the light chain variable region comprises or has an amino acid sequence as shown in SEQ ID NO: 16.
[0051] In some embodiments, the antibody binding to LILRB1 or antigen-binding fragment thereof encompasses (unless where otherwise indicated or where otherwise suggested by context) a monoclonal antibody, a polyclonal antibody, a murine antibody, hamster antibody, goat antibody, rabbit antibody, a chimeric antibody, a primatized antibody, a humanized antibody, a (fully) human antibody, a multimeric antibody, a heterodimeric antibody, a hemidimeric antibody, a bi-, tri-, or tetravalent antibody, a bispecific antibody, a single chain antibody (e.g., scFv, scFab, and scFabAC) , Bis-scFv, a diabody, triabody or tetrabody, single domain antibodies, and modified Fab fragments. In certain embodiments, the antibody binding to LILRB1 or antigen-binding fragment thereof is monovalent.
[0052] In some embodiments, the antibody binding to LILRB1 or antigen-binding fragment thereof comprises an effector molecule binding fragment, such as a Fc fragment that is to communicate to the immune system when the antibody binds its target, the Fc fragment can be of any class (e.g., IgG, IgE, IgM, IgD or IgA) or subclass of immunoglobulin molecule, preferably, the Fc fragment is IgG molecule. In certain embodiments, the Fc fragment is human IgG, e.g., IgG1, IgG2, IgG3, or IgG4, optionally, with one or more mutation compared to wildtype human IgG molecules. Exemplary Fc fragment is human IgG4 with Serine228Proline mutation, which means Serine at position 228 (defined with Kabat) is mutated to Proline.
[0053] In some embodiments, the Fc fragment is derived from human IgG1 or IgG4. In some embodiments, the Fc fragment is derived from human IgG1 with mutation Leu234Ala, Leu235Ala, or combination thereof.
[0054] The antibody binding to LILRB1 or antigen-binding fragment thereof is chimeric or humanized. Typically, chimeric antibodies include the heavy and / or light chain variable regions, including both CDR and framework residues, of one species (typically mouse) fused to constant regions of another species (typically human) . Humanized antibodies typically include heavy and / or light chain CDRs from a murine antibody grafted into a non-human primate or human antibody variable region framework, usually further comprising a human constant region. See, e.g., Riechmann et al. (1988) Nature 332: 323-327.
[0055] Methods of making all of the antibodies or antigen-binding fragments described above are well known to one of skill in the art. See, e.g., Morrison et al. (1984) Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 81(21) : 6851-5; Sharon et al. (1984) Nature 309 (5966) : 364-7.
[0056] In certain embodiments, the antibody binding to LILRB1 or antigen-binding fragment thereof is generated by Selected Lymphocyte Antibody Method (SLAM) (Babcook et al., 1996, Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci, 93, 7843-7848; de Wildt et al., 1997, J. Immunol. Methods, 207: 61-67 and in Lagerkvist et al., 1995, BioTechniques 18: 862-869) which enables the isolation from any species of cells producing high affinity antibodies during in vivo immune responses. The above methods rely on the isolation of individual antibody-producing cells which are then clonally expanded followed by screening for those clones which produce anti-LILRB1 antibodies followed by the subsequent identification of the sequence of their variable heavy (VH) and light (VL) chain genes. Thus, B cells that are positive for antibodies to LILRB1 are isolated. The B cells may be from human, mouse, rat, hamster, rabbit, goat, or other mammalian species. The antibody genes in these B cells may be cloned and expressed in a host cell (e.g., E. coli. ) , e.g., by conventional recombinant DNA technology. The antibodies expressed cells may be purified by conventional means. If the antibodies are from a non-human source, they may be humanized by conventional methods, such as by mutagenesis of their genes. The humanized antibodies may be subsequently expressed in a host cell and may be purified.
[0057] Monoclonal antibodies may be prepared by any method known in the art such as the hybridoma technique (Kohler &Milstein, Nature, 1975, 256: 495-497) , the trioma technique, the human B-cell hybridoma technique (Kozbor et al., Immunology Today, 1983, 4, 72) and the EBV-hybridoma technique (Cole et al., “Monoclonal Antibodies and Cancer Therapy” , pp. 77-96, Alan R. Liss, Inc., 1985) . The methods for creating and manufacturing recombinant antibodies are well known in the art (see for example, Simmons et al., 2002, Journal of Immunological Methods, 263, 133-147) .
[0058] Antibody binding to LILRB1 or antigen-binding fragment thereof of the present disclosure may also be generated using various phage display methods known in the art which include those disclosed by Brinkman et al., 1995, J. Immunol. Methods, 182: 41-50; Ames et al., 1995, J. Immunol. Methods, 184, 177-186; Kettleborough et al., 1994, Eur. J. Immunol., 24, 952-958.
[0059] Also, transgenic (e.g., genetically engineered) mice, or other organisms, including other mammals, may be used to produce the antibody binding to LILRB1 or antigen-binding fragment thereof (see for example US 6, 300, 129) . For example, it is known that mice engineered to replace only the variable regions of mouse immune loci (heavy chain V, D, and J segments, and light chain V and J segments) with corresponding human variable sequences can be used to produce large quantities of high affinity antibodies with human variable sequences (see, e.g., US 6, 586, 251) .
[0060] In some embodiments, the antibody binding to LILRB1 or antigen-binding fragment thereof described above can improves immune response or decrease immune inhibition, optionally by blockade of the LILRB1-related inhibitory signaling axis. Understandably, blockade of LILRB1 signaling in immune cells is capable of activating the activity of natural killer NK cells, T cells or macrophages. In some embodiments, the antibody binding to LILRB1 or antigen-binding fragment thereof blocks the activation of LILRB1 on NK cells. In some embodiments, the antibody binding to LILRB1 or antigen-binding fragment thereof blocks the activation of LILRB1 on macrophages.
[0061] In some embodiments, the antibody binding to LILRB1 or antigen-binding fragment thereof potentiates immune cells killing activity (or cytotoxic activity) , preferably, the immune cells are NK cells, and / or macrophage cells.
[0062] The antibody binding to LILRB1 or antigen-binding fragment thereof blocks the interaction of LILRB1 and ligands thereof, such as major histocompatibility complex (MHC) class I molecules. In some embodiments, the antibody binding to LILRB1 or antigen-binding fragment thereof blocks the interaction of LILRB1 and human leukocyte antigen-G (HLA-G) . In some embodiments, the antibody binding to LILRB1 or antigen-binding fragment thereof blocks the interaction of LILRB1 and human leukocyte antigen HLA-A2.
[0063] In some embodiments, the antibody binding to LILRB1 or antigen-binding fragment thereof potentiates destruction of MHC class I molecule expressing cells, optionally, MHC class I molecule includes HLA-G, β2M (Beta-2-microglobulin, a component of MHC class I) , HLA-A2, or combination thereof. In some embodiments, the MHC class I molecule expressing cells are undesired or unexpected, such as tumor cells, HLA-G expressing tumor cells.
[0064] In some embodiments, the antibody binding to LILRB1 or antigen-binding fragment thereof potentiates NK cell-mediated destruction of HLA-G expressing cells.
[0065] In some embodiments, the antibody binding to LILRB1 or antigen-binding fragment thereof potentiates macrophage cell-mediated phagocytosis of MHC class I molecule expressing cells. In some embodiments, the antibody binding to LILRB1 or antigen-binding fragment thereof potentiated macrophage cells phagocytosis of immune checkpoint related antibody opsonized MHC class I molecule expressing cells, such as β2M expressing cells, HLA-G expressing cells.
[0066] In some embodiments, the immune checkpoint related antibody binds to immune checkpoint molecules, such as signal regulatory protein alpha (SIRPα) , CD47 molecule, CD27 molecule, CD40 molecule, CD137 molecule, programmed cell death protein 1 (PD-L1) , Programmed Death 1 receptor (PD-1) , tumor necrosis factor receptor superfamily, member 4 (OX4) , cytotoxic T-Lymphocyte-Associated protein 4 (CTLA-4) , or inducible T-cell costimulatory (ICOS) .
[0067] In some embodiments, the immune checkpoint is signal SIRPα. In some embodiments, the immune checkpoint is CD47.
[0068] SIRPα is a member of the signal-regulatory-protein (SIRP) family, and SIRP family members are receptor-type transmembrane glycoproteins known to be involved in the negative regulation of receptor tyrosine kinase-coupled signaling processes. SIRPα recognizes the ubiquitously expressed ‘Don’ t Eat Me’s ignal molecule CD47, and antibody blockade of either CD47 or SIRPα could enhance the activity of SIRPα expressing immune cells, such as macrophages.
[0069] In some embodiments, the antibody binding to LILRB1 or antigen-binding fragment thereof potentiated macrophage cells phagocytosis of anti-SIRPα antibody or antigen binding fragment opsonized MHC class I molecule expressing cells. In some embodiments, the antibody binding to LILRB1 or antigen-binding fragment thereof potentiated macrophage cells phagocytosis of anti-CD47 antibody or antigen binding fragment opsonized MHC class I molecule expressing cells. In some embodiments, the antibody binding to LILRB1 or antigen-binding fragment thereof potentiated macrophage cells phagocytosis of anti-SIRPα antibody or antigen binding fragment opsonized β2M expressing cells. In some embodiments, the antibody binding to LILRB1 or antigen-binding fragment thereof potentiated macrophage cells phagocytosis of anti-CD47 antibody or antigen binding fragment opsonized HLA-G expressing cells.
[0070] The antibody binding to LILRB1 or antigen-binding fragment thereof specifically binds to LILRB1. In some embodiments, the antibody binding to LILRB1 or antigen-binding fragment thereof doesn’ t bind to or barely binds to one or more other LILRB family members, such as LILRB2, LILRB3, LILRB4 and LILRB5.
[0071] In some embodiments, the antibody binding to LILRB1 or antigen-binding fragment thereof doesn’ t bind to or barely binds to one or more LILRA family members, optionally, LILRA family members contain LILRA1, LILRA2, LILRA3, LILRA4, and LILRA5.
[0072] In some embodiments, the antibody binding to LILRB1 or antigen-binding fragment thereof doesn’ t bind to or barely binds to LILRB2, LILRB3, LILRB4, LILRB5, LILRA1, LILRA2, LILRA3, LILRA4, or LILRA5, or combination thereof. Low cross-activity benefits for decreasing adverse reaction of the antibody binding to LILRB1 or antigen-binding fragment thereof.
[0073] In some embodiments, the antibody binding to LILRB1 or antigen-binding fragment thereof binds to LILRB1 with EC50 no more than 10 nM, 8 nM or 5 nM, or with EC50 no more than 2 μg / ml, 1 μg / ml, or 0.6 μg / ml.
[0074] In some embodiments, the binding affinity of antibody binding to LILRB1 or antigen-binding fragment thereof to LILRB1 is with KD (affinity constant, KD=koff / kon, or KD= Kd / Ka) no more than 20 nM, 15 nM or 10 nM.
[0075] The EC50 could be measured by the well-known method in the art, such as FACS assay, competitive FACS. The KD could be measured by the well-known method in the art, such as Bio-Layer Interferometry (Octet) , surface plasmon resonance (SPR) technique.
[0076] Polynucleotides, Vectors and Host Cells
[0077] The present disclosure provides an isolated polynucleotide encoding an antibody binding to LILRB1 or antigen-binding fragment thereof describe above.
[0078] The polynucleotide is nucleic acid sequence of DNA, RNA, DNA / RNA hybrids, or modifications thereof. In some embodiments, the polynucleotide is a nucleic acid sequence of DNA. The encoding polynucleotide (DNA or RNA) may be recombinant or synthetic molecule.
[0079] The present disclosure also relates to sequence variants of the polynucleotide described above. For example, the present disclosure includes nucleic acid sequences that are about 75%, about 80%, about 85%, about 90%, about 91%, about 92%, about 93%, about 94%, about 95%, about 96%, about 97%, about 98%, about 99%, 99.5%, 99.9%or 100%identical to any of the polynucleotide sequences provided herein, including fragments thereof and complements thereto. The present disclosure also includes polynucleotide that varies from the polynucleotide sequences specifically provided herein due to the degeneracy of the genetic code.
[0080] The polynucleotide may further include regulatory sequences (e.g., a promoter sequence, an untranslated 5’ region, and an untranslated 3’ region) and / or vector sequences. For example, the polynucleotide constitutes a vector.
[0081] As used herein, the terms “vector” refers to a polynucleotide that can be engineered to contain a cloned polynucleotide or polynucleotides that can be propagated in a host cell. A vector can include one or more of the following elements: an origin of replication, one or more regulatory sequences (such as, for example, promoters and / or enhancers) that regulate the expression of the polypeptide of interest, and / or one or more selectable marker genes (such as, for example, antibiotic resistance genes and genes that can be used in colorimetric assays, for example, β-galactosidase) .
[0082] In some implementations, a polynucleotide disclosed herein (e.g., a polynucleotide that encodes a polypeptide disclosed herein) is introduced using a viral expression system (e.g., vaccinia or other pox virus, retrovirus, or adenovirus) , which may involve the use of a non-pathogenic (defective) , replication competent virus, or may use a replication defective virus.
[0083] In one aspect, the present disclosure also provides an isolated vector comprising the polynucleotide as described herein. The provided isolated polynucleotide can be inserted into a vector for further cloning (amplification of the DNA) or for expression, using recombinant techniques known in the art.
[0084] The vector components generally include, but are not limited to, one or more of the following: a signal sequence, an origin of replication, one or more marker genes, an enhancer element, a promoter (e.g., SV40, CMV, EF-1α) , and a transcription termination sequence.
[0085] In some embodiments, the vector provided herein, at least one promoter (e.g., SV40, CMV, EF-1α) operably linked to the nucleic acid sequence, and at least one selection marker. Examples of vectors include, but are not limited to, retrovirus (including lentivirus) , adenovirus, adeno-associated virus, herpesvirus (e.g., herpes simplex virus) , poxvirus, baculovirus, papillomavirus, papovavirus (e.g. SV40) , lambda phage, and M13 phage, plasmid pcDNA3.3, pMD18-T, pOptivec, pCMV, pEGFP, pIRES, pQD-Hyg-GSeu, pALTER, pBAD, pcDNA, pCal, pL, pET, pGEMEX, pGEX, pCI, pEGFT, pSV2, pFUSE, pVITRO, pVIVO, pMAL, pMONO, pSELECT, pUNO, pDUO, Psg5L, pBABE, pWPXL, pBI, p15TV-L, pPro18, pTD, pRS10, pLexA, pACT2.2, pCMV-SCRIPT. RTM., pCDM8, pCDNA1.1 / amp, pcDNA3.1, pRc / RSV, PCR 2.1, pEF-1, pFB, pSG5, pXT1, pCDEF3, pSVSPORT, pEF-Bos etc.
[0086] The present disclosure provides hose cells comprising the isolated polynucleotide as described herein or the isolated vector as described herein.
[0087] As used herein, the terms “host cell” refers to a cell that may be or has been a recipient of a vector or isolated polynucleotide. Host cells may be prokaryotic cells or eukaryotic cells. Exemplary eukaryotic cells include mammalian cells, such as primate or non-primate animal cells.
[0088] Vectors comprising the polynucleotide sequence encoding the antibody binding to LILRB1 or antigen-binding fragment thereof can be introduced to a host cell for cloning or gene expression. Suitable host cells for cloning or expressing the above-described polynucleotide (nucleic acid sequence of DNA, RNA or DNA / RNA hybrids) in the vectors herein are, for example, prokaryotic cells such as E. coli, or other microbial cells, or eukaryotic cells including but not limited to mammalian cells such as human, mouse, monkey, rabbit, goat, hamster, or rat cells, insect cells, avian cells, plant cells and eukaryotic cells.
[0089] In some embodiments, the host cells may be, for example, (1) bacterial cells, such as E. coli; (2) fungal cells and Aspergillus cells, yeast cells, such as Saccharomyces cerevisiae, and K. lactis; (3) insect cell lines, such as (a cell line from Spodoptera frugiperda) cells (Protein Sciences Corp., Meriden, Conn., USA) ; (4) mammalian cells; or (5) plant cells.
[0090] Typical mammalian cells include COS1 and COS7 cells, Chinese hamster ovary (CHO) cells, NS0 myeloma cells, NIH 3T3 cells, 293 cells, HEPG2 cells, HeLa cells, C127, 3T3, BHK, Bowes melanoma cells, L cells, MDCK, HEK293, WI38, murine ES cell lines (e.g., from strains 129 / SV, C57 / BL6, DBA-1, 129 / SVJ) , K562, Jurkat cells, and BW5147. The invention thus provides cells that express the antibodies of the present invention, including but not limited to hybridoma cells, B cells, plasma cells, as well as mammalian and human host cells recombinantly modified to express the antibodies of the present invention (e.g., adult embryonic stem cells) . Other useful mammalian cell lines are well known and readily available from the American Type Culture Collection ( “ATCC” ) (Manassas, Va., USA) and the National Institute of General Medical Sciences (NIGMS) Human Genetic Cell Repository at the Coriell Cell Repositories (Camden, N.J., USA) . These cell types are only representative, and this list is not meant to be an exhaustive list.
[0091] In some embodiments, the host cell is a mammalian cultured cell line, such as CHO, BHK, NS0, 293 and their derivatives.
[0092] A vector can be introduced into the host cell by methods known in the art, e.g., electroporation, chemical transfection (e.g., DEAE-dextran) , transformation, transfection, and infection and / or transduction (e.g., with recombinant virus) . Thus, non-limiting examples of vectors include viral vectors (which can be used to generate recombinant virus) , naked DNA or RNA, plasmids, cosmids, phage vectors, and DNA or RNA expression vectors associated with cationic condensing agents.
[0093] Standard reference works setting forth the general principles of recombinant DNA technology known to those of skill in the art include Ausubel et al., Current Protocols In Molecular Biology, John Wiley &Sons, New York (1998 and Supplements to 2001) ; Sambrook et al., Molecular Cloning: A Laboratory Manual, 2d Ed., Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press, Plainview, N.Y. (1989) ; Kaufman et al., Eds., Handbook Of Molecular And Cellular Methods In Biology And Medicine, CRC Press, Boca Raton (1995) ; McPherson, Ed., Directed Mutagenesis: A Practical Approach, IRL Press, Oxford (1991) .
[0094] Standard reference works setting forth the general principles of immunology known to those of skill in the art include Harlow and Lane, Antibodies: A Laboratory Manual, 2d Ed., Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press, Cold Spring Harbor, N.Y. (1999) , and Roitt et al., Immunology, 3d Ed., Mosby-Year Book Europe Limited, London (1993) . Standard reference works setting forth the general principles of medical physiology and pharmacology known to those of skill in the art include Fauci et al., Eds., Harrison's Principles of Internal Medicine, 14th Ed., McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. (1998) .
[0095] Kit
[0096] The disclosure provides a kit that contains the antibody binding to LILRB1 or antigen-binding fragment thereof described above. Such kits can further include, if desired, one or more of various conventional pharmaceutical kit components, such as, for example, containers with one or more pharmaceutically acceptable carriers, additional containers etc., as will be readily apparent to a person skilled in the art. Instructions, either as inserts or a labels, indicating quantities of the components to be administered, guidelines for administration, and / or guidelines for mixing the components, can also be included in the kit.
[0097] Pharmaceutical Compositions
[0098] Provided herein is a pharmaceutical composition that comprises the antibody binding to LILRB1 or antigen-binding fragment thereof, the isolated polynucleotide, the isolated vector, or the host cell described above, and a pharmaceutically acceptable carrier. The pharmaceutical compositions may be formulated in any manner known in the art.
[0099] The pharmaceutical composition could be formulated for parenteral (e.g., orally, nasally, or by inhalation, ophthalmic, rectal, intravenous, intraarterial, intramuscular, intradermal, subcutaneous, or intraperitoneal) administration in dosage unit form (i.e., physically discrete units containing a predetermined quantity of active compound for ease of administration and uniformity of dosage) . The formulation of the pharmaceutical composition is compatible with their intended route of administration (e.g., intravenous, intraarterial, intramuscular, intradermal, subcutaneous, or intraperitoneal) .
[0100] Pharmaceutical acceptable carriers for use in the pharmaceutical compositions disclosed herein may include, for example, a sterile diluent (e.g., sterile water or saline) , a fixed oil, polyethylene glycol, glycerin, propylene glycol or other synthetic solvents, antibacterial or antifungal agents, such as benzyl alcohol or methyl parabens, phenol, ascorbic acid, thimerosal, and the like, antioxidants, such as ascorbic acid or sodium bisulfite, chelating agents, such as ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid, buffers, such as acetates, citrates, or phosphates, and isotonic agents, such as sugars (e.g., dextrose) , polyalcohols (e.g., mannitol or sorbitol) , or salts (e.g., sodium chloride) , or any combination thereof. Liposomal suspensions can also be used as pharmaceutically acceptable carriers.
[0101] Preparations of the compositions can be formulated and enclosed in ampules, disposable syringes, or multiple dose vials. Where required (as in, for example, injectable formulations) , proper fluidity can be maintained by, for example, the use of a coating, such as lecithin, or a surfactant. Absorption of the antibody binding to LILRB1 or antigen-binding fragment thereof thereof can be prolonged by including an agent that delays absorption (e.g., aluminum monostearate and gelatin) . Alternatively, controlled release can be achieved by implants and microencapsulated delivery systems, which can include biodegradable, biocompatible polymers (e.g., ethylene vinyl acetate, polyanhydrides, polyglycolic acid, collagen, polyorthoesters, and polylactic acid) .
[0102] In some embodiments, the pharmaceutical compositions are formulated into an injectable composition. The injectable pharmaceutical compositions may be prepared in any conventional form, such as for example liquid solution, suspension, emulsion, or solid forms suitable for generating liquid solution, suspension, or emulsion. Preparations for injection may include sterile and / or non-pyretic solutions ready for injection, sterile dry soluble products, such as lyophilized powders, ready to be combined with a solvent just prior to use, including hypodermic tablets, sterile suspensions ready for injection, sterile dry insoluble products ready to be combined with a vehicle just prior to use, and sterile and / or non-pyretic emulsions. The solutions may be either aqueous or nonaqueous.
[0103] In some embodiments, a sterile, lyophilized powder is prepared by dissolving an antibody binding to LILRB1 or antigen-binding fragment thereof as disclosed herein in a suitable solvent. The solvent may contain an excipient which improves the stability or other pharmacological components of the powder or reconstituted solution, prepared from the powder. Excipients that may be used include, but are not limited to, water, dextrose, sorbitol, fructose, corn syrup, xylitol, glycerin, glucose, sucrose, or other suitable agents.
[0104] The antibody or the antigen-binding fragment, or pharmaceutical compositions comprising them may be included in a container, package or dispenser alone or as part of a kit with labels and instructions for administration.
[0105] Methods of Treatment
[0106] The present disclosure provides a use of the antibody binding to LILRB1 or antigen-binding fragment thereof, the isolated polynucleotide, the isolated vector, the host cell, the kit or the pharmaceutical composition in the manufacture of a therapeutic agent for diagnosing, preventing or treating a neoplastic disease.
[0107] The present disclosure provides a use of the antibody binding to LILRB1 or antigen-binding fragment thereof, the isolated polynucleotide, the isolated vector, the host cell, or the pharmaceutical composition in the manufacture of a therapeutic agent for improving immune response to a neoplastic disease.
[0108] The present disclosure provides a method for diagnosing, preventing, or treating a subject having a neoplastic disease, comprising administrating to the subject a therapeutically effective amount of therapeutic agent, such as the antibody binding to LILRB1 or antigen-binding fragment thereof, the isolated polynucleotide, the isolated vector, the host cell, the kit or the pharmaceutical composition.
[0109] The term “therapeutically effective amount” refers to an amount of composition or active agent as disclosed herein effective to “treat” a disease or disorder in a subject.
[0110] In some embodiments, the therapeutic agent can enhance immune response to the disease, or could decrease immune inhibition in vitro or in vivo.
[0111] Blockage of LILRB1 signaling augments macrophage phagocytosis, restores cytotoxic function of NK cells, understandably, antibody binding to LILRB1 or antigen-binding fragment thereof that binds to LILRB1 could reverse immune inhibitory and improve immune response (such as natural immune response) , which is helpful for treating extensive neoplastic diseases.
[0112] In some embodiments, the immune response in the subject improves by potentiating immune cells killing activity, destruction of MHC class I molecule expressing cells, and / or macrophage cells phagocytosis of MHC class I molecule expressing cells.
[0113] The present disclosure provides a combination comprising the antibody binding to LILRB1 or antigen-binding fragment thereof of any of claims 1-15 and a second therapeutic agent for use in treating a neoplastic disease in a subject, wherein the second therapeutic agent is chosen from one or more of: an inhibitor of an inhibitory molecule, an activator of a costimulatory molecule, a chemotherapy, a targeted anticancer therapy, an oncolytic drug, a cytotoxic agent, an immune-based therapy, a cytokine, a vaccine, or a cellular immunotherapy.
[0114] In some embodiments, the second therapeutic agent is an antibody or antigen-binding fragment binding to at least one immune checkpoint molecule (e.g., CD47, SIRPα) simultaneously or at intervals. In some embodiments, the second therapeutic agent is an anti-SIRPα or an anti-CD47 antibody.
[0115] In some embodiments, the neoplastic disease is solid tumor or liquid tumor. In some embodiments, the neoplastic disease is a solid tumor which is infiltrated by tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes which express LILRB1. In some embodiments, the neoplastic disease includes chronic myelogenous leukemia, colorectal adenocarcinoma, breast cancer, carcinoid cancer, cervical cancer, endometrial cancer, glioma, head and neck cancer, liver cancer, lung cancer, small cell lung cancer, lymphoma, melanoma, ovarian cancer, pancreatic cancer, prostate cancer, renal cancer, colorectal cancer, gastric cancer, testicular cancer, thyroid cancer, bladder cancer, urethral cancer, hematologic malignancy, melanoma or metastatic melanoma, non-small cell lung carcinoma, small cell lung cancer, bladder cancer, or metastatic hormone-refractory prostate cancer. In some embodiments, the subject has a solid tumor. In some embodiments, the subject has a liquid tumor.
[0116] Without limitation, the methods of treatment reduce the rate of the increase of volume of a tumor in a subject over time, reduce the risk of developing a metastasis, or reduce the risk of developing an additional metastasis in a subject. In some embodiments, the treatment can halt, slow, retard, or inhibit progression of a cancer. In some embodiments, the treatment can result in the reduction of in the number, severity, and / or duration of one or more symptoms of the cancer in a subject.
[0117] The subject comprises mammals including primate, rodent, canine and swine, such as mice, rats, rabbits, cats, dogs, pig, monkey, chimpanzee, gorilla, and the like. In some embodiments, the subject comprises mouse, cynomolgus, and human. In some embodiments, the subject is human. Except when noted, the term “patient” or “subject” are used herein interchangeably.
[0118] The daily dosage of the therapeutic agent could obtain from cell culture assays, animal studies or clinical research. A therapeutically effective amount of therapeutic agent or active agent (such as, antibody binding to LILRB1 or antigen-binding fragment thereof) will be an amount that treats the disease in a subject, decreases the severity, frequency, and / or duration of one or more symptoms of a disease in a subject. The effectiveness and dosing can be determined by a health care professional or veterinary professional using methods known in the art, as well as by the observation of one or more symptoms of disease in a subject. In addition, it is understood that the specific dose level for any particular subject will depend upon a variety of factors including the activity of the specific compound employed, the age, body weight, general health, gender, and diet of the subject, the time of administration, the route of administration, the rate of excretion, and the half-life of the antibody binding to LILRB1 or antigen-binding fragment thereof in vivo.
[0119] EXAMPLES
[0120] The invention is further described in the following examples, which do not limit the scope of the invention described in the claims.
[0121] The materials used in the examples of the present disclosure are known and commercially available.
[0122] Example 1: Reagents generation
[0123] 1.1 Reference antibodies
[0124] The reference antibody 15G8 was generated according to patent WO 2021 / 028921 A1 (SEQ ID NO:28 and 24) . Hu5F9 (ahuman IgG4 anti-CD47 antibody) was generated according to Jie Liu’s paper (PLoS One. 2015 Sep 21; 10 (9) : e0137345. ) . The variable region sequences of 15G8 and Hu5F9 are shown in Table 1.
[0125] Table 1. Variable region sequences of 15G8 and Hu5F9
[0126] 1.2 Stable cell lines
[0127] Human LILRB1-expressing HEK293-LILRB1 stable pool was generated by LakePharma. A375 / HLA-G monoclonal stable cell line was generated by Chempartner.
[0128] For K562 / SHP-1+LILRB1+ stable pool generation, K562 cells were co-transfected with the plasmids encoding non-tagged full length human LILRB1 with a small β-galactosidase fragment (ED) fused to its c-terminal, or the SH2-domain of SHP-1 (SH2 domain-containing protein tyrosine phosphatase 1) with the complementing β-galactosidase fragment (EA) , and selectively cultured in medium containing 100 μg / mL hygromycin plus 2 μg / mL puromycin. For DLD-1 / β2M stable pool generation, DLD-1 cells were transfected with full length beta-2-microglobulin (β2M) expression plasmid and selectively cultured in medium containing 5 μg / mL puromycin.
[0129] 1.3 Recombinant proteins
[0130] Human LILRB1 extracellular domain (ECD) recombinant proteins (Q8NHL6, Gly24-His458) with human Fc tag or 6xHis-tag were purchased from R&D systems for immunization and hybridoma screening.
[0131] A series of recombinant proteins of LILRA / LILRB family members and potential ligands of LILRB1 were also purchased for in vitro assays. Human LILRA1 (NP_006854.1, Met1-Asn461) , LILRA3 (AAH28208.1, Met1-Glu439) , LILRA4 (P59901.2, Met1-Asn446) , LILRA5 (NP_067073.1, Met1-Arg268) , LILRB1 (ADJ55949.1, Met1-His458) , LILRB2 (AAH36827.1, Met1-Val461) , LILRB3 (AAI04994.1, Met1-Glu443) , LILRB4 (AAI04994.1, Met1-Glu443) , and LILRB5 (NP_006831.1, Met1-Gly458) ECD recombinant proteins with 6xHis-tag were purchased from Sino Biological. Human LILRA2 ECD (NP_001124389, Gly24-Asn449) recombinant protein with 6xHis-tag was purchased from R&D systems. The recombinant proteins of human HLA-A2 complex (MHC-HM431) and HLA-G complex tetramer (HLG-HM41CT) were purchased from Kactus.
[0132] Example 2: Hybridoma development and screening
[0133] 2.1 Immunization and fusion
[0134] Four mice from different strains (2 NZB / w and 2 C57BL / 6; SJL F1) were immunized with Fc-tagged human LILRB1 extracellular domain (ECD) recombinant protein using a quick immunization strategy. Using 6xHis-tagged human LILRB1 ECD recombinant protein as antigen, serum titer of the immunized mice was detected by enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) . Final boost was conducted when the serum titers reached high levels. Three days after the final boost, pooled splenocytes and lymph node cells were harvested and fused with SP2 / 0 mouse myeloma cells. The fused cells were then seeded into 384-well plates for screening.
[0135] 2.2 Primary and secondary screening
[0136] 10-12 days after fusion, supernatants harvested from each well of hybridoma cells were primarily screened by ELISA assay using 6xHis-tagged human LILRB1 ECD recombinant protein as antigen. The hybridoma cells in the positive wells were expanded to 24-well plates and the culture supernatants were secondarily screened by a fluorescence-activated cell sorting (FACS) -based binding assay using human LILRB1-expressing HEK293T-LILRB1 cells as target cells. Simultaneously, the culture supernatants were tested in ELISA using His-tagged LILRB1 / LILRB2 / LILRB3 / LILRB4 / LILRB5 ECD recombinant proteins as antigens to assess the binding specificity to LILRB1. Then the hybridoma cells secreting antibodies with top human LILRB1 specific binding activity were subcloned.
[0137] 2.3 Hybridoma Subcloning and screening
[0138] The selected hybridoma cells were limited diluted into 96-well plates at the density of 1 cell / well to obtain monoclonal hybridoma cells. Supernatants harvested from these monoclonal cells were screened by ELISA and the FACS-based binding assay used in primary and secondary screening. Antibodies secreted by the positive clones were then assayed for the activity to block the interaction of human LILRB1 with human leukocyte antigen-G (HLA-G) or human leukocyte antigen-A2 (HLA-A2) (refer to the methods describe in section 3.2.4) . As shown in Table 2, the monoclonal antibody secreting by clone 4F22G1 potently blocked the interaction of human LILRB1 with human HLA-G or human HLA-A2.
[0139] Table 2. Blocking activity of clone 4F22G1
[0140] Example 3: Chimeric antibody generation and characterization
[0141] 3.1 Chimeric antibody generation
[0142] The heavy chain and light chain variable regions of clone 4F22G1 secreted monoclonal antibody was sequenced. According to the sequencing results, a human IgG4 chimeric antibody with Serine228Proline mutation at Fc region was generated and named as 82c, where the suffix “c” stands for chimeric. The standard single-letter amino acid sequences of heavy chain variable region (VH) and the light chain variable region (VL) are as shown in SEQ ID NO: 7 and SEQ ID NO: 8, respectively, of which the CDRs are underlined and in italic.
[0143] VH:
[0144] VL:
[0145] 3.2 Chimeric antibody characterization
[0146] 3.2.1 Binding activity
[0147] Human LILRB1 binding activity of 82c was detected by a FACS-based binding assay using K562 cells stably expressing human LILRB1 as target cells. 82c strongly bound to membrane-bound human LILRB1 in a dose dependent manner (Figure 1) . The EC50 and TOP geometric mean fluorescence intensity (TOP MFI) were 2.40 nM and 12656, respectively, which were calculated by GraphPad Prism 9.0 using Four-Parameter nonlinear fitting.
[0148] 3.2.2 Affinity detection
[0149] The binding affinity and kinetics of 82c and benchmark antibody 15G8 to human LILRB1 were determined using Bio-Layer Interferometry (Octet) . The association and dissociation curves were fitted with the 1: 1 binding model, and the association rate constants (Ka) , dissociation rate constants (Kd) and equilibrium dissociation constants (KD) were calculated and summarized in Table 3.82c (KD=0.21 nM) showed higher human LILRB1 binding affinity than15G8 (KD=5.53 nM) .
[0150] Table 3. Table 3. Human LILRB1 binding affinity of 82c and 15G8
[0151] 3.2.3 Binding selectivity
[0152] The binding selectivity of 82c and benchmark antibody 15G8 to LILRA / LILRB family members was assessed by ELISA using LILRA / LILRB ECD recombinant proteins as antigens. Briefly, anti-LILRB1 antibodies (50 μl, 100 nM) were incubated in human LILRA / LILRB ECD recombinant proteins-coated ELISA plate for 1 hour at 37℃. After washing, horseradish peroxidase (HRP) labeled detection antibody (50 μl) was added and incubated for 1 hour at 37℃. Color development was conducted by the addition of 100 μl / well of TMB (Tetramethylbenzidine) solution. After incubation for 10-15 minutes at room temperature (RT) , reaction was stopped by adding 50 μl 1N HCl. Then the plates were read immediately using a plate reader for optical density at 450 nm (OD450) , which were shown in Table 4.82c didn’ t bind to LILRA / LILRB family members other than human LILRB1, demonstrating good binding specificity, while 15G8 cross reacted with human LILRA2 and LILRA3.
[0153] Table 4. Binding of 82c and 15G8 to LILRA / LILRB family members
[0154] 3.2.4 Blocking activities
[0155] The classical and non-classical MHC-class I molecules are important ligands of LILRB1 in particular biological contexts. The activity of 82c and benchmark antibody 15G8 to block the interaction of human LILRB1 with the non-classical MHC-class I molecule human HLA-G or the classical MHC-class I molecule human HLA-A2 was assessed by FACS-based competition assays. Briefly human LILRB1-expressing HEK293-LILRB1 cells were preincubated with 5, 1, 0.2, or 0.04 μg / mL of 82c or 15G8 for 30 minutes. Then the recombinant proteins of human HLA-G complex tetramer (1 μg / mL) or HLA-A2 complex (30 μg / mL) was added for another 30 minutes of incubation. The blocking activity was determined by quantitating the blockade of HLA-G complex tetramer or HLA-A2 complex recombinant protein binding to HEK293-LILRB1 cells. As shown in Table 5, 82c and 15G8 potently blocked the interaction of human LILRB1 with human HLA-G or human HLA-A2 in a dose dependent manner.
[0156] Table 5. Blocking activity of 82c and 15G8
[0157] 3.2.5 NK92 / CD16a killing assay
[0158] The effect of 82c and 15G8 on potentiating NK cells killing of tumor cells was assessed by an in vitro NK killing assay using NK92 / CD16a cells as effector cells and HLA-G-expressing A375 / HLA-G cells as target cells. Briefly, NK92 / CD16a cells was preincubated with the test antibodies for 20 minutes at RT and then co-cultured with CellTrace violet labeled A375 / HLA-G cells at the E / T (effector cells / target cells) ratio of 4: 1 for 4 hours at 37℃. Propidium Iodide (PI) is a DNA binding dye and does not permeate viable cell membranes. Therefore, the killing of the target cells by effector cells in the presence of the test antibodies can be detected by PI staining. The specific cytotoxicity induced by each tested antibody was determined by quantitating the percentage of PI labeled cells (dead cells) in total cells (CellTrace violet+ cells) . As shown in Figure 2, 82c and 15G8 effectively potentiated NK92 / CD16a cells killing of A375 / HLA-G cells at 100 nM and 2 nM. And 82c showed better efficacy than 15G8 at 2 nM. This result suggests that blocking LILRB1 with 082c can effectively potentiate NK cell-mediated destruction of HLA-G expressing tumor cells.
[0159] 3.3.6 Macrophage phagocytosis assay
[0160] The effect of 82c and benchmark antibody 15G8 on potentiating macrophage phagocytosis of a human IgG4 anti-SIRPα chimeric antibody 025c (VH is as shown in SEQ ID NO: 5 and VL is as shown in SEQ ID NO: 6) opsonized DLD-1 / β2M cells was assessed by a FACS-based phagocytosis assay. Briefly, human monocyte derived macrophages (hMDMs) from healthy donors were labeled with CellTrace Far Red and then co-cultured with CellTrace Violet labeled DLD-1 / β2M cells in the presence of the antibodies as tested for 2 hours at 37℃. CellTrace Far Red and CellTrace Violet double positive cells were macrophages that had engulfed target tumor cells. Therefore, the percentage of this population of macrophages in total macrophages (CellTrace Far Red+) was calculated as phagocytosis index to quantitate the activity of each sample to potentiate macrophage phagocytosis. As shown in Figure 3, 82c effectively potentiated hMDM phagocytosis of anti-SIRPα antibody opsonized DLD-1 / β2M cells with better potency than 15G8 at 10 nM. Both of 82c and 15G8 showed no effect against none-opsonized DLD-1 / β2M cells. This result suggests that blocking LILRB1 with 82c can synergize with CD47 / SIRPα “don’ t eat me” signal inhibitors in enhancing macrophage phagocytosis of tumor cells.
[0161] Example 4: Antibody humanization
[0162] 4.1 Humanization design
[0163] Complementarity-determining region (CDR) grafting method was used for humanization of 82c. Briefly, IGHV3-21*05 (IMGT allele name, 81.6%homology) and IGKV1-17*02 (62.1%homology) were selected as humanization templates for heavy chain and light chain, respectively, based on their homology to the original mouse antibody sequences. CDRs were defined using Kabat definition except heavy chain CDR1, which was defined using a combination of Kabat and IMGT systems. For grafting, the CDRs and different combinations of canonical residues from 82c were grafted onto the templates and 16 variants (human IgG1LALA, human IgG1 with mutations of Leu234Ala together with Leu235Ala in Fc region) were produced for further characterization. They were designated as hu082.01 to hu082.16, where the prefix “hu” indicates “humanized” , and the number in the suffix denotes the serial number. The VH and VL of hu082.01 to hu082.16 were shown below.
[0164] 4.2 Characterization of the humanized variants
[0165] 4.2.1 Binding activity
[0166] Human LILRB1 binding activity of 82c and 82c derived humanized variants was assessed by a FACS-based binding assay using K562 cells stably expressing human LILRB1 as target cells. As shown in Figure 4A and Figure 4B, all humanized variants were confirmed to retain similar activity to their parental antibody 82c in binding membrane-bound human LILRB1. The EC50 and TOP MFI values calculated by GraphPad Prism 9.0 using Four-Parameter nonlinear fitting are summarized in Table 6.
[0167] Table 6. Table 6. Binding activity of 82c and 82c derived humanized variants
[0168] 4.2.2 Affinity detection
[0169] A single dose affinity ranking test of 82c derived humanized variants was carried out using surface plasmon resonance (SPR) technique. The association and dissociation curves were fitted with the 1: 1 binding model, and the Ka, Kd and KD values were calculated and summarized in Table 7. All the tested variants performed comparably in the ranking test.
[0170] The binding affinity and kinetics of hu082.02, hu082.03 and hu082.06 to human LILRB1 were further determined using SPR technique by a full dose test. As shown in Table 8, three tested humanized variants were confirmed to retain similar antigen binding affinity to their parental antibody 82c.
[0171] Table 7. Binding affinity ranking of 82c and 82c derived humanized variants
[0172] Table 8. Binding kinetics of 82c, hu082.02, hu082.03 and hu082.06 to human LILRB1
[0173] 4.2.3 Blocking activity
[0174] The activity of hu082.02, hu082.03 and hu082.06 to block the interaction of human LILRB1 with human HLA-G tetramer was assessed by a FACS-based competition assay (refer to the method described in section 3.2.4) . Three tested humanized variants showed comparable activity to their parental antibody 82c in blocking the binding of human HLA-G complex tetramer recombinant protein to HEK293-LILRB1 cells (Figure 5) .
[0175] The activity of hu082.03 to block the interaction of human LILRB1 with human HLA-A2 was assessed by a FACS-based competition assay (refer to the method described in section 3.2.4, the final concentration of human HLA-A2 complex recombinant protein was adjusted to 10 μg / mL) . hu082.03 potently blocked the binding human HLA-A2 complex recombinant protein to HEK293-LILRB1 cells in a dose dependent manner (Figure 6) . The IC50 and TOP blocking ratio were 1.45 nM and 99.4%, respectively, which were calculated by GraphPad Prism 9.0 using Four-Parameter nonlinear fitting.
[0176] Upon ligation with LILRB1, MHC class I molecules-induced LILRB1 signaling is transmitted by phosphorylation of the immunoreceptor tyrosine-based inhibition motifs present on the cytoplasmic tail of LILRB1. Subsequent binding and activation of SHP-1 and SHP-2 (SH2 domain-containing protein tyrosine phosphatase 2) blocks tyrosine phosphorylation-dependent signaling pathways. Based on the signal transduction mechanism, a reporter assay, LILRB1 / SHP-1 recruitment assay, was developed to assess the activity of anti-LILRB1 antibodies to neutralize MHC class I molecules-induced LILRB1 signaling (Figure 7) . Briefly, full length human LILRB1 was engineered with a small β-galactosidase fragment (ED) fused to its c-terminal, and the SH2-domain of SHP-1 was engineered with the complementing β-galactosidase fragment (EA) . These constructs were stably expressed in human K562 cells to generate K562 / SHP-1+LILRB1+ cells. Ligand engagement, through co-culture with human HLA-G or classical MHC class I molecules-expressing cells, results in phosphorylation of LILRB1-ED fusion protein, leading to the recruitment of SHP-1-EA, which forces to create an active β-galactosidase. Then this active enzyme hydrolyzes substrate to create chemiluminescence as a measure of reporter activity for MHC class I molecules-induced LILRB1 signaling.
[0177] In LILRB1 / SHP-1 recruitment assay, K562 / SHP-1+LILRB1+ cells were co-cultured with A375 / HLA-G cells or Raji cells in the presence of the test antibodies overnight at 37℃. On the second day, Gal-screen substrate (Applied Biosystems) was added and incubated for around 60 minutes at 28℃. Chemiluminescence was then measured using a plate reader to quantitate the reporter activity. As shown in Figure 8A, hu082.03 and 15G8 effectively disrupted classical MHC-class I molecules (Raji) -induced recruitment of SHP-1 to LILRB1 intracellular tail with comparable activity. The TOP blocking ratios were 94.23%and 84.69%, respectively. However, 15G8 showed weaker activity than hu082.03 in blocking HLA-G (A375 / HLA-G) induced recruitment of SHP-1 to LILRB1 intracellular tail (Figure 8B) . The TOP blocking ratios were 100%and 66.2%, respectively. The IC50 values and TOP blocking ratios shown in Table 9 were calculated by GraphPad Prism 9.0 using Four-Parameter nonlinear fitting.
[0178] Table 9. Blocking activity of hu082.03 in LILRB1 / SHP-1 recruitment assays
[0179] 4.2.4 NK92 / CD16a killing assay
[0180] The effect of hu082.02, hu082.03 and hu082.06 on potentiating NK cells killing of tumor cells was assessed by an in vitro NK killing assay (refer to the method describe in section 3.2.5) . As shown in Figure 9, three tested humanized variants were confirmed to retain similar activity to their parental antibody 82c in potentiating NK92 / CD16a killing of A375 / HLA-G cells. The EC50 values of 82c, hu082.02, hu082.03 and hu082.06 were 0.90 nM, 1.31 nM, 1.38 nM, and 1.30 nM, respectively. The TOP cytotoxicity values were 57.01%, 55.78%, 57.02%, and 56.74%, respectively. The EC50 and TOP cytotoxicity values were calculated by GraphPad Prism 9.0 using Four-Parameter nonlinear fitting.
[0181] 4.2.5 Macrophage phagocytosis assay
[0182] The effect of hu082.02, hu082.03 and hu082.06 on potentiating hMDM phagocytosis of anti-SIRPα antibody opsonized DLD-1 / β2M cells was assessed by a FACS-based phagocytosis assay (refer to the method described in section 3.2.6) . As shown in Figure 10, three tested humanized variants were confirmed to retain similar activity to their parental antibody 82c in potentiating hMDM phagocytosis of 025c opsonized DLD-1 / β2M cells.
[0183] Hu082.03 was also tested in a FACS-based phagocytosis assay using HLA-G-expressing A375 / HLA-G cells as target cells. Briefly hMDMs from healthy donors (donor 1 and donor 2) were labeled with CellTrace Far Red and then co-cultured with CellTrace Violet labeled A375 / HLA-G cells in the presence of the antibodies as tested for 2 hours at 37℃. The percentage of CellTrace Far Red and CellTrace Violet double macrophages in total macrophages (CellTrace Far Red+) was calculated as phagocytosis index to quantitate the activity of each sample to potentiate macrophage phagocytosis. As shown in Figure 11, hu082.03 effectively potentiated hMDM phagocytosis of Hu5F9 (ahuman IgG4 anti-CD47 antibody) opsonized A375 / HLA-G cells in a dose dependent manner. Hu082.03 showed no effect against none-opsonized A375 / HLA-G cells.
[0184] While particular embodiments have been described, alternatives, modifications, variations, improvements, and substantial equivalents that are or may be presently unforeseen may arise to applicants or others skilled in the art. Accordingly, the appended claims as filed and as they may be amended are intended to embrace all such alternatives, modifications, variations, improvements, and substantial equivalents.
Claims
1.An antibody binding to LILRB1 or antigen-binding fragment thereof, comprising:a heavy chain variable region comprising heavy chain complementarity determining regions HCDR1, HCDR2 and HCDR3, the HCDR1 is at least 80%, 85%, 90%, 91%, 92%, 93%, 94%, 95%, 96%, 97%, 98%, 99%, 100%identical to the amino acid sequence as shown in SEQ ID NO: 17, the HCDR2 is at least 80%, 85%, 90%, 91%, 92%, 93%, 94%, 95%, 96%, 97%, 98%, 99%, 100%identical to the amino acid sequence as shown in SEQ ID NO: 18, the HCDR3 is at least 80%, 85%, 90%, 91%, 92%, 93%, 94%, 95%, 96%, 97%, 98%, 99%, 100%identical to the amino acid sequence as shown in SEQ ID NO: 19; anda light chain variable region comprising light chain complementarity determining regions LCDR1, LCDR2 and LCDR3, the LCDR1 is at least 80%, 85%, 90%, 91%, 92%, 93%, 94%, 95%, 96%, 97%, 98%, 99%, 100%identical to the amino acid sequence as shown in SEQ ID NO: 20, the LCDR2 is at least 80%, 85%, 90%, 91%, 92%, 93%, 94%, 95%, 96%, 97%, 98%, 99%, 100%identical to the amino acid sequence as shown in SEQ ID NO: 21, the LCDR1 is at least 80%, 85%, 90%, 91%, 92%, 93%, 94%, 95%, 96%, 97%, 98%, 99%, 100%identical to the amino acid sequence as shown in SEQ ID NO: 22.2.The antibody binding to LILRB1 or antigen-binding fragment thereof of claim 1, whereinthe HCDR1, HCDR2 and HCDR3 comprise amino acid sequences as shown in SEQ ID NOs: 17, 18 and 19, respectively; andthe LCDR1, LCDR2 and LCDR3 comprise amino acid sequences as shown in SEQ ID NOs: 20, 21 and 22, respectively.3.The antibody binding to LILRB1 or antigen-binding fragment thereof of claim 1 or 2, whereinthe heavy chain variable region is at least 80%, 85%, 90%, 91%, 92%, 93%, 94%, 95%, 96%, 97%, 98%, 99%, 100%identical to the amino acid sequence as shown in SEQ ID NO: 7; and the light chain variable region is at least 80%, 85%, 90%, 91%, 92%, 93%, 94%, 95%, 96%, 97%, 98%, 99%, 100%identical to the amino acid sequence as shown in SEQ ID NO: 8;the heavy chain variable region is at least 80%, 85%, 90%, 91%, 92%, 93%, 94%, 95%, 96%, 97%, 98%, 99%, 100%identical to the amino acid sequence as shown in SEQ ID NO: 9; and the light chain variable region is at least 80%, 85%, 90%, 91%, 92%, 93%, 94%, 95%, 96%, 97%, 98%, 99%, 100%identical to the amino acid sequence as shown in SEQ ID NO: 13;the heavy chain variable region is at least 80%, 85%, 90%, 91%, 92%, 93%, 94%, 95%, 96%, 97%, 98%, 99%, 100%identical to the amino acid sequence as shown in SEQ ID NO: 9; and the light chain variable region is at least 80%, 85%, 90%, 91%, 92%, 93%, 94%, 95%, 96%, 97%, 98%, 99%, 100%identical to the amino acid sequence as shown in SEQ ID NO: 14;the heavy chain variable region is at least 80%, 85%, 90%, 91%, 92%, 93%, 94%, 95%, 96%, 97%, 98%, 99%, 100%identical to the amino acid sequence as shown in SEQ ID NO: 9; and the light chain variable region is at least 80%, 85%, 90%, 91%, 92%, 93%, 94%, 95%, 96%, 97%, 98%, 99%, 100%identical to the amino acid sequence as shown in SEQ ID NO: 15;the heavy chain variable region is at least 80%, 85%, 90%, 91%, 92%, 93%, 94%, 95%, 96%, 97%, 98%, 99%, 100%identical to the amino acid sequence as shown in SEQ ID NO: 9; and the light chain variable region is at least 80%, 85%, 90%, 91%, 92%, 93%, 94%, 95%, 96%, 97%, 98%, 99%, 100%identical to the amino acid sequence as shown in SEQ ID NO: 16;the heavy chain variable region is at least 80%, 85%, 90%, 91%, 92%, 93%, 94%, 95%, 96%, 97%, 98%, 99%, 100%identical to the amino acid sequence as shown in SEQ ID NO: 10; and the light chain variable region is at least 80%, 85%, 90%, 91%, 92%, 93%, 94%, 95%, 96%, 97%, 98%, 99%, 100%identical to the amino acid sequence as shown in SEQ ID NO: 13;the heavy chain variable region is at least 80%, 85%, 90%, 91%, 92%, 93%, 94%, 95%, 96%, 97%, 98%, 99%, 100%identical to the amino acid sequence as shown in SEQ ID NO: 10; and the light chain variable region is at least 80%, 85%, 90%, 91%, 92%, 93%, 94%, 95%, 96%, 97%, 98%, 99%, 100%identical to the amino acid sequence as shown in SEQ ID NO: 14;the heavy chain variable region is at least 80%, 85%, 90%, 91%, 92%, 93%, 94%, 95%, 96%, 97%, 98%, 99%, 100%identical to the amino acid sequence as shown in SEQ ID NO: 10; and the light chain variable region is at least 80%, 85%, 90%, 91%, 92%, 93%, 94%, 95%, 96%, 97%, 98%, 99%, 100%identical to the amino acid sequence as shown in SEQ ID NO: 15;the heavy chain variable region is at least 80%, 85%, 90%, 91%, 92%, 93%, 94%, 95%, 96%, 97%, 98%, 99%, 100%identical to the amino acid sequence as shown in SEQ ID NO: 10; and the light chain variable region is at least 80%, 85%, 90%, 91%, 92%, 93%, 94%, 95%, 96%, 97%, 98%, 99%, 100%identical to the amino acid sequence as shown in SEQ ID NO: 16;the heavy chain variable region is at least 80%, 85%, 90%, 91%, 92%, 93%, 94%, 95%, 96%, 97%, 98%, 99%, 100%identical to the amino acid sequence as shown in SEQ ID NO: 11; and the light chain variable region is at least 80%, 85%, 90%, 91%, 92%, 93%, 94%, 95%, 96%, 97%, 98%, 99%, 100%identical to the amino acid sequence as shown in SEQ ID NO: 13;the heavy chain variable region is at least 80%, 85%, 90%, 91%, 92%, 93%, 94%, 95%, 96%, 97%, 98%, 99%, 100%identical to the amino acid sequence as shown in SEQ ID NO: 11; and the light chain variable region is at least 80%, 85%, 90%, 91%, 92%, 93%, 94%, 95%, 96%, 97%, 98%, 99%, 100%identical to the amino acid sequence as shown in SEQ ID NO: 14;the heavy chain variable region is at least 80%, 85%, 90%, 91%, 92%, 93%, 94%, 95%, 96%, 97%, 98%, 99%, 100%identical to the amino acid sequence as shown in SEQ ID NO: 11; and the light chain variable region is at least 80%, 85%, 90%, 91%, 92%, 93%, 94%, 95%, 96%, 97%, 98%, 99%, 100%identical to the amino acid sequence as shown in SEQ ID NO: 15;the heavy chain variable region is at least 80%, 85%, 90%, 91%, 92%, 93%, 94%, 95%, 96%, 97%, 98%, 99%, 100%identical to the amino acid sequence as shown in SEQ ID NO: 11; and the light chain variable region is at least 80%, 85%, 90%, 91%, 92%, 93%, 94%, 95%, 96%, 97%, 98%, 99%, 100%identical to the amino acid sequence as shown in SEQ ID NO: 16;the heavy chain variable region is at least 80%, 85%, 90%, 91%, 92%, 93%, 94%, 95%, 96%, 97%, 98%, 99%, 100%identical to the amino acid sequence as shown in SEQ ID NO: 12; and the light chain variable region is at least 80%, 85%, 90%, 91%, 92%, 93%, 94%, 95%, 96%, 97%, 98%, 99%, 100%identical to the amino acid sequence as shown in SEQ ID NO: 13;the heavy chain variable region is at least 80%, 85%, 90%, 91%, 92%, 93%, 94%, 95%, 96%, 97%, 98%, 99%, 100%identical to the amino acid sequence as shown in SEQ ID NO: 12; and the light chain variable region is at least 80%, 85%, 90%, 91%, 92%, 93%, 94%, 95%, 96%, 97%, 98%, 99%, 100%identical to the amino acid sequence as shown in SEQ ID NO: 14;the heavy chain variable region is at least 80%, 85%, 90%, 91%, 92%, 93%, 94%, 95%, 96%, 97%, 98%, 99%, 100%identical to the amino acid sequence as shown in SEQ ID NO: 12; and the light chain variable region is at least 80%, 85%, 90%, 91%, 92%, 93%, 94%, 95%, 96%, 97%, 98%, 99%, 100%identical to the amino acid sequence as shown in SEQ ID NO: 15;the heavy chain variable region is at least 80%, 85%, 90%, 91%, 92%, 93%, 94%, 95%, 96%, 97%, 98%, 99%, 100%identical to the amino acid sequence as shown in SEQ ID NO: 12; and the light chain variable region is at least 80%, 85%, 90%, 91%, 92%, 93%, 94%, 95%, 96%, 97%, 98%, 99%, 100%identical to the amino acid sequence as shown in SEQ ID NO: 16.4.The antibody binding to LILRB1 or antigen-binding fragment thereof of any of claim 1-3, wherein the heavy chain variable region comprises the amino acid sequence as shown in SEQ ID NO: 7, and the light chain variable region comprises the amino acid sequence as shown in SEQ ID NO: 8;the heavy chain variable region comprises the amino acid sequence as shown in SEQ ID NO: 9, and the light chain variable region comprises the amino acid sequence as shown in SEQ ID NO: 13;the heavy chain variable region comprises the amino acid sequence as shown in SEQ ID NO: 9, and the light chain variable region comprises the amino acid sequence as shown in SEQ ID NO: 14;the heavy chain variable region comprises the amino acid sequence as shown in SEQ ID NO: 9, and the light chain variable region comprises the amino acid sequence as shown in SEQ ID NO: 15;the heavy chain variable region comprises the amino acid sequence as shown in SEQ ID NO: 9, and the light chain variable region comprises the amino acid sequence as shown in SEQ ID NO: 16;the heavy chain variable region comprises the amino acid sequence as shown in SEQ ID NO: 10, and the light chain variable region comprises the amino acid sequence as shown in SEQ ID NO: 13;the heavy chain variable region comprises the amino acid sequence as shown in SEQ ID NO: 10, and the light chain variable region comprises the amino acid sequence as shown in SEQ ID NO: 14;the heavy chain variable region comprises the amino acid sequence as shown in SEQ ID NO: 10, and the light chain variable region comprises the amino acid sequence as shown in SEQ ID NO: 15;the heavy chain variable region comprises the amino acid sequence as shown in SEQ ID NO: 10, and the light chain variable region comprises the amino acid sequence as shown in SEQ ID NO: 16;the heavy chain variable region comprises the amino acid sequence as shown in SEQ ID NO: 11, and the light chain variable region comprises the amino acid sequence as shown in SEQ ID NO: 13;the heavy chain variable region comprises the amino acid sequence as shown in SEQ ID NO: 11, and the light chain variable region comprises the amino acid sequence as shown in SEQ ID NO: 14;the heavy chain variable region comprises the amino acid sequence as shown in SEQ ID NO: 11, and the light chain variable region comprises the amino acid sequence as shown in SEQ ID NO: 15;the heavy chain variable region comprises the amino acid sequence as shown in SEQ ID NO: 11, and the light chain variable region comprises the amino acid sequence as shown in SEQ ID NO: 16;the heavy chain variable region comprises the amino acid sequence as shown in SEQ ID NO: 12, and the light chain variable region comprises the amino acid sequence as shown in SEQ ID NO: 13;the heavy chain variable region comprises the amino acid sequence as shown in SEQ ID NO: 12, and the light chain variable region comprises the amino acid sequence as shown in SEQ ID NO: 14;the heavy chain variable region comprises the amino acid sequence as shown in SEQ ID NO: 12, and the light chain variable region comprises the amino acid sequence as shown in SEQ ID NO: 15; orthe heavy chain variable region comprises the amino acid sequence as shown in SEQ ID NO: 12, and the light chain variable region comprises the amino acid sequence as shown in SEQ ID NO: 16.5.The antibody binding to LILRB1 or antigen-binding fragment thereof of any of claims 1-4, wherein the antibody binding to LILRB1 or antigen-binding fragment thereof potentiates immune cells killing activity, optionally, the immune cells include NK cells and macrophage cells.6.The antibody binding to LILRB1 or antigen-binding fragment thereof of any of claims 1-5, wherein the antibody binding to LILRB1 or antigen-binding fragment thereof potentiates destruction of MHC class I molecule expressing cells, optionally, MHC class I molecule includes HLA-G, β2M, HLA-A2 or combination thereof.7.The antibody binding to LILRB1 or antigen-binding fragment thereof of any of claims 1-6, wherein the antibody binding to LILRB1 or antigen-binding fragment thereof potentiates NK cell-mediated destruction of HLA-G expressing cells.8.The antibody binding to LILRB1 or antigen-binding fragment thereof of any of claims 1-7, wherein the antibody binding to LILRB1 or antigen-binding fragment thereof potentiates macrophage cells phagocytosis of immune checkpoint related antibody opsonized MHC class I molecule expressing cells.9.The antibody binding to LILRB1 or antigen-binding fragment thereof of claim 8, wherein the immune checkpoint related antibody binds to immune checkpoint molecules, optionally, the immune checkpoint includes SIRPα, CD47, or combination thereof.10.The antibody binding to LILRB1 or antigen-binding fragment thereof of any of claims 1-9, wherein the antibody binding to LILRB1 or antigen-binding fragment thereof improves immune response or decreases immune inhibition.11.The antibody binding to LILRB1 or antigen-binding fragment thereof of any of claims 1-10, wherein the antibody binding to LILRB1 or antigen-binding fragment thereof doesn’ t bind to or barely binds to LILRB2, LILRB3, LILRB4, LILRB5, LILRA1, LILRA2, LILRA3, LILRA4, or LILRA5, or combination thereof.12.The antibody binding to LILRB1 or antigen-binding fragment thereof of any of claims 1-11, wherein the antibody binding to LILRB1 or antigen-binding fragment thereof blocks the interaction of LILRB1 and ligands thereof, optionally, the ligand includes human HLA-G, human HLA-A2, or combination thereof.13.The antibody binding to LILRB1 or antigen-binding fragment thereof of any of claims 1-12, wherein the antibody binding to LILRB1 or antigen-binding fragment thereof binds to LILRB1 with EC50 no more than 10 nM, 8 nM or 5 nM, or with EC50 no more than 2 μg / ml, 1 μg / ml, or 0.6 μg / ml.14.The antibody binding to LILRB1 or antigen-binding fragment thereof of any of claims 1-13, wherein the binding affinity of antibody binding to LILRB1 or antigen-binding fragment thereof to LILRB1 is with KD (affinity constant) no more than 20 nM, 15 nM or 10 nM.15.The antibody binding to LILRB1 or antigen-binding fragment thereof of any of claims 1-14, wherein the antibody binding to LILRB1 or antigen-binding fragment thereof comprises an effector molecule binding fragment, optionally the effector molecule binding fragment is a Fc fragment.16.The antibody binding to LILRB1 or antigen-binding fragment thereof of any of claims 1-15, wherein the Fc fragment is derived from human IgG1 or IgG4, optionally the Fc fragment is derived from human IgG1 with mutation Leu234Ala, Leu235Ala, or combination thereof.17.An isolated polynucleotide encoding the antibody binding to LILRB1 or antigen-binding fragment thereof of any of claims 1-16.18.An isolated vector comprising the polynucleotide of claim 17.19.A host cell comprising the isolated polynucleotide of claim 17 or the isolated vector of claim 18.20.A kit, comprising the antibody binding to LILRB1 or antigen-binding fragment thereof of any of claims 1-16.21.A pharmaceutical composition comprising the antibody binding to LILRB1 or antigen-binding fragment thereof of any of claims 1-16, the isolated polynucleotide of claim 17, the isolated vector of claim 18, or the host cell of claim 19, and a pharmaceutically acceptable carrier.22.Use of the antibody binding to LILRB1 or antigen-binding fragment thereof of any of claims 1-16, the isolated polynucleotide of claim 17, the isolated vector of claim 18, the host cell of claim 19, the kit of claim 20 or the pharmaceutical composition of claim 21 in the manufacture of a therapeutic agent for diagnosing, preventing or treating a neoplastic disease.23.The use of claim 22, wherein the neoplastic disease is a solid tumor.24.The use of claim 22 or 23, wherein the neoplastic disease comprises chronic myelogenous leukemia, colorectal adenocarcinoma, breast cancer, carcinoid cancer, cervical cancer, endometrial cancer, glioma, head and neck cancer, liver cancer, lung cancer, small cell lung cancer, lymphoma, melanoma, ovarian cancer, pancreatic cancer, prostate cancer, renal cancer, colorectal cancer, gastric cancer, testicular cancer, thyroid cancer, bladder cancer, urethral cancer, hematologic malignancy, melanoma or metastatic melanoma, non-small cell lung carcinoma, small cell lung cancer, bladder cancer, or metastatic hormone-refractory prostate cancer.25.A combination comprising the antibody binding to LILRB1 or antigen-binding fragment thereof of any of claims 1-16 and a second therapeutic agent for use in treating a neoplastic disease in a subject, wherein the second therapeutic agent is chosen from one or more of: an inhibitor of an inhibitory molecule, an activator of a costimulatory molecule, a chemotherapy, a targeted anticancer therapy, an oncolytic drug, a cytotoxic agent, an immune-based therapy, a cytokine, a vaccine, or a cellular immunotherapy.26.The combination of claim 25, wherein the second therapeutic agent is an antibody or antigen-binding fragment binding to at least one immune checkpoint molecule, optionally, CD47, SIRPα.27.A method for treating a subject having a neoplastic disease, comprising administrating to the subject a therapeutically effective amount of the antibody binding to LILRB1 or antigen-binding fragment thereof of any of claims 1-16, the isolated polynucleotide of claim 17, the isolated vector of claim 18, the host cell of claim 19, the kit of claim 20 or the pharmaceutical composition of claim 21.28.The method of claim 27, wherein the immune response in the subject improves by potentiating(1) immune cells killing activity;(2) destruction of MHC class I molecule expressing cells; and / or(3) macrophage cells phagocytosis of MHC class I molecule expressing cells.29.The method of claim 28, wherein the method further comprises administration of an antibody binding to at least one immune checkpoint molecule, optionally, CD47, SIRPα.