Bait compositions

Abstract

Described herein are bait compositions. Also described herein are methods of making bait compositions. Also described herein are methods for controlling pests with the bait compositions.

Description

BAIT COMPOSITIONS CROSS-REFERENCE TO RELATED APPLICATIONS This application claims the benefit of U.S. Provisional Application No. 63 / 523,509 filed June 27, 2023. FIELD OF DISCLOSURE

[0001] This disclosure relates to the field of insect attractants, and in particular, to bait compositions and methods of using bait compositions for controlling pests. BACKGROUND

[0002] Pests, and particularly agronomic pests, are capable of causing extensive crop damage and economic losses. Examples of such agronomic pests include fruit flies in the family Tephritidae, with the genera Anastrepha, Bactrocera, and Ceratitis posing the greatest risk to U.S. agriculture. The extensive damage and wide host range of pests such as tephritid fruit flies become obstacles to agricultural diversification and trade when pests become established.

[0003] Insecticides have been used as a primary method for pest control for the last 100 years and are still widely employed today. Yet despite large numbers of available agrochemical products, heavy pest populations are still present on crop fields. For example, Tephritid fruit flies spend their larval stages feeding and growing in over 400 host plants. Many pest control failures can be attributed to insecticide resistance. Therefore, there exists a need to provide further, improved compositions and methods to combat pests such as fruit flies.

[0004] The present disclosure provides bait compositions useful for controlling pests such as fruit flies. The bait compositions exhibit improved efficacy and do not leave a readily visible residue on a surface after application of the bait composition to the surface. This feature of the bait composition is especially important when the bait is applied close to fruit harvest and may touch the fruit. BRIEF DESCRIPTION

[0005] In one aspect, provided herein is a bait composition comprising: (i) at least one pesticidal active ingredient; (ii) at least one bait; (iii) at least one dispersant; and (iv) at least one thickener in an amount no more than about 0.80 wt%; wherein the bait composition comprises no more than about 6.0 wt% anionic dispersants.

[0006] In another aspect, provided herein is a method of preparing a bait composition, the method comprising: (A) forming a mixture comprising: (i) at least one pesticidal active ingredient; (ii) at least one bait; (iii) at least one dispersant; and (iv) at least one thickener in an amount no more than about 0.80 wt%; wherein the bait composition comprises no more than about 6.0 wt% anionic dispersants; and (B) optionally diluting the mixture with water.

[0007] In another aspect, provided herein is a method for controlling a pest comprising contacting the pest or its environment with a biologically effective amount of a composition comprising: (i) at least one pesticidal active ingredient; (ii) at least one bait; (iii) at least one dispersant; and (iv) at least one thickener in an amount no more than about 0.80 wt%; wherein the bait composition comprises no more than about 6.0 wt% anionic dispersants. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0008] Figure 1A is a photograph of a citrus fruit after application of a composition according to the present disclosure.

[0009] Figure 1B is a photograph of leaves after application of a composition according to the present disclosure.

[0010] Figure 2A is a photograph of a citrus fruit after application of a comparative composition.

[0011] Figure 2B is a photograph of leaves after application of a comparative composition. DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE DISCLOSURE

[0012] This written description uses examples to illustrate the present disclosure, including the best mode, and also to enable any person skilled in the art to practice the disclosure, including making and using any compositions or systems and performing any incorporated methods. The patentable scope of the disclosure is defined by the claims, and may include other examples thatoccur to those skilled in the art. Such other examples are intended to be within the scope of the claims if they have elements that do not differ from the literal language of the claims, or if they include equivalent elements with insubstantial differences from the literal language of the claims.

[0013] As used herein, the terms “comprises,” “comprising,” “includes,” “including,” “has,” “having,” “contains”, “containing,” “characterized by” or any other variation thereof, are intended to cover a non-exclusive inclusion, subject to any limitation explicitly indicated. For example, a composition, mixture, process or method that comprises a list of elements is not necessarily limited to only those elements but may include other elements not expressly listed or inherent to such composition, mixture, process or method.

[0014] The transitional phrase “consisting of” excludes any element, step, or ingredient not specified. If in the claim, such would close the claim to the inclusion of materials other than those recited except for impurities ordinarily associated therewith. When the phrase “consisting of” appears in a clause of the body of a claim, rather than immediately following the preamble, it limits only the element set forth in that clause; other elements are not excluded from the claim as a whole.

[0015] The transitional phrase “consisting essentially of” is used to define a composition or method that includes materials, steps, features, components, or elements, in addition to those literally disclosed, provided that these additional materials, steps, features, components, or elements do not materially affect the basic and novel characteristic(s) of the claimed invention. The term “consisting essentially of” occupies a middle ground between “comprising” and “consisting of”. The use of “consisting essentially of” herein allows the applicant, as lexicographer, to define the invention being claimed by excluding any material, step, feature ... that is considered by the applicant to be non-critical to the claimed invention, but which may be known in the prior art and otherwise can be included in the invention being claimed, whether or not such inclusion or exclusion is specifically described in the specification. Exclusion of any material, step, feature ... by the applicant may be for the sole purpose of excluding elements of the prior art that affect the novelty and, therefore, the patentability of the invention being claimed. As such, the use of “consisting essentially of” herein does not require explicit support from thespecification to exclude any element of the prior art from the invention being claimed if inclusion of said element is detrimental to patentability of the invention claimed.

[0016] Where an invention or a portion thereof is defined with an open-ended term such as “comprising,” it should be readily understood that (unless otherwise stated) the description should be interpreted to also describe such an invention using the terms “consisting essentially of” or “consisting of.”

[0017] Further, unless expressly stated to the contrary, “or” refers to an inclusive or and not to an exclusive or. For example, a condition A or B is satisfied by any one of the following: A is true (or present) and B is false (or not present), A is false (or not present) and B is true (or present), and both A and B are true (or present).

[0018] Also, the indefinite articles “a” and “an” preceding an element or component of the invention are intended to be nonrestrictive regarding the number of instances (i.e. occurrences) of the element or component. Therefore “a” or “an” should be read to include one or at least one, and the singular word form of the element or component also includes the plural unless the number is obviously meant to be singular.

[0019] As used herein, depending on the context in which it is used, the term “about” provides an estimate of a value associated with the claimed invention, where the estimated value is reasonable when taken in context with the description of the invention and in view of what is known from information available to the public, as such information would be understood or interpreted by a person of ordinary skill in the art. Generally, the term “about” as used herein means that the estimated value will fall within plus or minus 10% of the associated value. The term “about” may be further defined by context, and it is within the applicant’s rights as lexicographer to define how “about” should be interpreted within the specific context in which it is used in describing the invention.

[0020] As used herein, “wt%” refers to the weight percent of the recited component relative to the total weight of the recited composition.

[0021] As used herein, “substantially free” generally refers to no more than 2 wt%. In some embodiments, “substantially free” refers to no more than 1.5 wt%, no more than 1.0 wt%, no more than 0.5 wt%, or no more than 0.1 wt%.

[0022] In the context of this disclosure “invertebrate pest control” means inhibition of invertebrate pest development (including mortality, feeding reduction, and / or mating disruption), and related expressions are defined analogously.

[0023] As referred to in this disclosure, the term “invertebrate pest” includes arthropods, gastropods, nematodes and helminths of economic importance as pests. The term “arthropod” includes insects, mites, spiders, scorpions, centipedes, millipedes, pill bugs and symphylans. The term “gastropod” includes snails, slugs and other Stylommatophora. The term “nematode” includes members of the phylum Nematoda, such as phytophagous nematodes and helminth nematodes parasitizing animals. The term “helminth” includes all of the parasitic worms, such as roundworms (phylum Nematoda), heartworms (phylum Nematoda, class Secernentea), flukes (phylum Platyhelminthes, class Tematoda), acanthocephalans (phylum Acanthocephala), and tapeworms (phylum Platyhelminthes, class Cestoda).

[0024] The term “agronomic” refers to the production of field crops such as for food and fiber and includes the growth of maize or corn, soybeans and other legumes, rice, cereal (e.g., wheat, oats, barley, rye and rice), leafy vegetables (e.g., lettuce, cabbage, and other cole crops), fruiting vegetables (e.g., tomatoes, pepper, eggplant, crucifers and cucurbits), potatoes, sweet potatoes, grapes, cotton, tree fruits (e.g., pome, stone and citrus), small fruit (e.g., berries and cherries) and other specialty crops (e.g., canola, sunflower and olives).

[0025] The term “nonagronomic” refers to other than field crops, such as horticultural crops (e.g., greenhouse, nursery or ornamental plants not grown in a field), residential, agricultural, commercial and industrial structures, turf (e.g., sod farm, pasture, golf course, lawn, sports field, etc.), wood products, stored product, agro-forestry and vegetation management, public health (i.e. human) and animal health (e.g., domesticated animals such as pets, livestock and poultry, undomesticated animals such as wildlife) applications.

[0026] The term “crop vigor” refers to rate of growth or biomass accumulation of a crop plant. An “increase in vigor” refers to an increase in growth or biomass accumulation in a crop plant relative to an untreated control crop plant. The term “crop yield” refers to the return on crop material, in terms of both quantity and quality, obtained after harvesting a crop plant. An “increase in crop yield” refers to an increase in crop yield relative to an untreated control crop plant.

[0027] The term “biologically effective amount” refers to the amount of a biologically active compound sufficient to produce the desired biological effect when applied to (i.e. contacted with) an invertebrate pest to be controlled or its environment, or to a plant, the seed from which the plant is grown, or the locus of the plant (e.g., growth medium) to protect the plant from injury by the invertebrate pest or for other desired effect (e.g., increasing plant vigor).

[0028] Nonagronomic applications include protecting an animal from an invertebrate parasitic pest by administering a parasiticidally effective (i.e. biologically effective) amount of a biologically active compound of the disclosure, typically in the form of a composition formulated for veterinary use, to the animal to be protected. As referred to in the present disclosure and claims, the terms “parasiticidal” and “parasiticidally” refers to observable effects on an invertebrate parasite pest to provide protection of an animal from the pest. Parasiticidal effects typically relate to diminishing the occurrence or activity of the target invertebrate parasitic pest. Such effects on the pest include necrosis, death, retarded growth, diminished mobility or lessened ability to remain on or in the host animal, reduced feeding and inhibition of reproduction. These effects on invertebrate parasite pests provide control (including prevention, reduction or elimination) of parasitic infestation or infection of the animal.

[0029] It was discovered herein that bait compositions according to the present disclosure exhibit improved efficacy and do not leave a readily visible residue on a surface after application of the bait composition to the surface.

[0030] There are numerous advantages to bait compositions according to the present disclosure. First, the bait compositions are efficacious and applicable to a wide variety of crops and pests. Second, the bait compositions may be premix formulations that do not require further mixing. As such, there is no requirement to mix a protein source with an AI formulation as conventionally required for a tank mix. Third, where the bait compositions include a protein, theycan be directly applied without reformulation of the bait compositions because they do not require an animal protein. This is particularly advantageous in countries with regulations relating to Halal and / or Kosher laws. Fourth, the bait compositions do not leave readily visible residue on fruit. As such, minimum processing is required to remove residue after harvesting.

[0031] Described herein is a bait composition comprising: (i) at least one pesticidal active ingredient; (ii) at least one bait; (iii) at least one dispersant; and (iv) at least one thickener in an amount no more than about 0.80 wt%; wherein the bait composition comprises no more than about 6.0 wt% anionic dispersants.

[0032] In many embodiments, the bait composition does not leave a readily visible residue on a surface after application of the bait composition to the surface. As used herein, a “readily visible residue” refers to a residue that is observed with the human eye in the absence of instrumentation. Residues may be colored or colorless. Residues may also be opaque or transparent.

[0033] Generally, the at least one thickener may be present in any suitable amount known in the art that facilitates the bait composition. In some embodiments, the at least one thickener is present in an amount of at least about 0.05 wt%, at least about 0.10 wt%, at least about 0.15 wt%, at least about 0.20 wt%, 0.25 wt%, at least about 0.30 wt%, 0.35 wt%, at least about 0.40 wt%, or at least about 0.45 wt%, at least about 0.50 wt%, at least about 0.55 wt%, at least about 0.60 wt%, at least about 0.65 wt%, at least about 0.70 wt%, at least about 0.75 wt%, at least about 0.80 wt%, at least about 0.85 wt%, at least about 0.90 wt%, or at least about 0.95 wt%. In some embodiments, the at least one thickener is present in an amount of at most about 0.10 wt%, at most about 0.15 wt%, at most about 0.20 wt%, 0.25 wt%, at most about 0.30 wt%, 0.35 wt%, at most about 0.40 wt%, at most about 0.45 wt%, at most about 0.50 wt%, at most about 0.55 wt%, at most about 0.60 wt%, at most about 0.65 wt%, at most about 0.70 wt%, at most about 0.75 wt%, at most about 0.80 wt%, at most about 0.85 wt%, at most about 0.90 wt%, at most about 0.95 wt%, or at most about 1.0 wt%.

[0034] In some embodiments, the at least one thickener is present in an amount in a range of from about 0.30 wt% to about 0.80 wt%.

[0035] Generally, the at least one thickener may include any suitable thickener known in the art that facilitates the bait composition. In some embodiments, the thickener is selected from hydrated magnesium aluminosilicate, xantham gum, amorphous silica, and combinations thereof. In some embodiments, suitable commercially available thickeners include, for example, Van Gel B, Veegum K, Veegum HS, Veegum R, Veegum T, Veegum Pure, Acti-gel 208, Rhodopol 23, Kelzan S, Kelzan S plus, Aerosil, AEROSIL® R 202, AEROSIL® R 805, AEROSIL® R 812 S, AEROSIL® R 816, AEROSIL® R 972, AEROSIL® R 974, AEROSIL® 200, AEROSIL® 300, AEROSIL® 380, and Bentonite (e.g Vanatural). In some embodiments, suitable thickeners are sodium carboxymethylcellulose, hydroxyethyl cellulose, hydroxypropyl cellulose and hydroxypropylmethyl cellulose.

[0036] In some embodiments, the at least one thickener is selected from hydrated magnesium aluminosilicate, xantham gum, amorphous silica, sodium carboxymethylcellulose, hydroxyethyl cellulose, hydroxypropyl cellulose, hydroxypropylmethyl cellulose, gum arabic, and combinations thereof.

[0037] Generally, the at least one dispersant may be present in any suitable amount known in the art that facilitates the bait composition. In some embodiments, the at least one dispersant is present in an amount of at least about 0.05 wt%, at least about 0.10 wt%, at least about 0.15 wt%, at least about 0.20 wt%, 0.25 wt%, at least about 0.30 wt%, 0.35 wt%, at least about 0.40 wt%, at least about 0.45 wt%, at least about 0.50 wt%, at least about 0.55 wt%, at least about 0.60 wt%, at least about 0.65 wt%, at least about 0.70 wt%, at least about 0.75 wt%, at least about 0.80 wt%, at least about 0.85 wt%, at least about 0.90 wt%, at least about 0.95 wt%, at least about 1.0 wt%, at least about 1.05 wt%, at least about 1.1 wt%, at least about 1.15 wt%, at least about 1.2 wt%, at least about 1.25 wt%, at least about 1.3 wt%, at least about 1.35 wt%, at least about 1.4 wt%, at least about 1.45 wt%, at least about 1.5 wt%, at least about 1.55 wt%, at least about 1.6 wt%, at least about 1.65 wt%, at least about 1.7 wt%, at least about 1.75 wt%, at least about 1.8 wt%, at least about 1.85 wt%, at least about 1.9 wt%, or at least about 1.95 wt%. In some embodiments, the at least one dispersant is present in an amount of at most about 0.10 wt%, at most about 0.15 wt%, at most about 0.20 wt%, 0.25 wt%, at most about 0.30 wt%, 0.35 wt%, at most about 0.40 wt%, at most about 0.45 wt%, at most about 0.50 wt%, at most about 0.55 wt%, at most about 0.60 wt%, at most about 0.65 wt%, at most about 0.70 wt%, at most about 0.75 wt%, at most about 0.80wt%, at most about 0.85 wt%, at most about 0.90 wt%, at most about 0.95 wt%, at most about 1.0 wt%, at most about 1.05 wt%, at most about 1.1 wt%, at most about 1.15 wt%, at most about 1.2 wt%, at most about 1.25 wt%, at most about 1.3 wt%, at most about 1.35 wt%, at most about 1.4 wt%, at most about 1.45 wt%, at most about 1.5 wt%, at most about 1.55 wt%, at most about 1.6 wt%, at most about 1.65 wt%, at most about 1.7 wt%, at most about 1.75 wt%, at most about 1.8 wt%, at most about 1.85 wt%, at most about 1.9 wt%, at most about 1.95 wt%, or at most about 2.0 wt%.

[0038] Generally, the at least one dispersant may include any suitable dispersant known in the art that facilitates the bait composition. In some embodiments, the at least one dispersant comprises an ionic disperant, an anionic dispersant, a cationic dispersant, a zwitterionic dispersant, a non-ionic dispersant, or a combination thereof.

[0039] Generally, the bait composition may include anionic dispersants in any suitable amount known in the art that facilitates the bait composition. In some embodiments, the bait composition includes anionic dispersants in an amount of at least about 0 wt%, at least about 0.05 wt%, at least about 0.10 wt%, at least about 0.15 wt%, at least about 0.20 wt%, 0.25 wt%, at least about 0.30 wt%, 0.35 wt%, at least about 0.40 wt%, at least about 0.45 wt%, at least about 0.50 wt%, at least about 0.55 wt%, at least about 0.60 wt%, at least about 0.65 wt%, at least about 0.70 wt%, at least about 0.75 wt%, at least about 0.80 wt%, at least about 0.85 wt%, at least about 0.90 wt%, at least about 0.95 wt%, at least about 1.0 wt%, at least about 1.05 wt%, at least about 1.1 wt%, at least about 1.15 wt%, at least about 1.2 wt%, at least about 1.25 wt%, at least about 1.3 wt%, at least about 1.35 wt%, at least about 1.4 wt%, at least about 1.45 wt%, at least about 1.5 wt%, at least about 1.55 wt%, at least about 1.6 wt%, at least about 1.65 wt%, at least about 1.7 wt%, at least about 1.75 wt%, at least about 1.8 wt%, at least about 1.85 wt%, at least about 1.9 wt%, at least about 1.95 wt%, at least about 2.0 wt%, at least about 2.1 wt%, at least about 2.2 wt%, at least about 2.3 wt%, at least about 2.4 wt%, at least about 2.5 wt%, at least about 2.6 wt%, at least about 2.7 wt%, at least about 2.8 wt%, at least about 2.9 wt%, at least about 3.0 wt%, at least about 3.1 wt%, at least about 3.2 wt%, at least about 3.3 wt%, at least about 3.4 wt%, at least about 3.5 wt%, at least about 3.6 wt%, at least about 3.7 wt%, at least about 3.8 wt%, at least about 3.9 wt%, at least about 4.1 wt%, at least about 4.2 wt%, at least about 4.3 wt%, at least about 4.4 wt%, at least about 4.5 wt%, at least about 4.6 wt%, at least about 4.7 wt%, at least about 4.8 wt%,at least about 4.9 wt%, at least about 5.1 wt%, at least about 5.2 wt%, at least about 5.3 wt%, at least about 5.4 wt%, at least about 5.5 wt%, at least about 5.6 wt%, at least about 5.7 wt%, at least about 5.8 wt%, or at least about 5.9 wt%. In some embodiments, the at least one dispersant is present in an amount of at most about 0.05 wt%, at most about 0.10 wt%, at most about 0.15 wt%, at most about 0.20 wt%, 0.25 wt%, at most about 0.30 wt%, 0.35 wt%, at most about 0.40 wt%, at most about 0.45 wt%, at most about 0.50 wt%, at most about 0.55 wt%, at most about 0.60 wt%, at most about 0.65 wt%, at most about 0.70 wt%, at most about 0.75 wt%, at most about 0.80 wt%, at most about 0.85 wt%, at most about 0.90 wt%, at most about 0.95 wt%, at most about 1.0 wt%, at most about 1.05 wt%, at most about 1.1 wt%, at most about 1.15 wt%, at most about 1.2 wt%, at most about 1.25 wt%, at most about 1.3 wt%, at most about 1.35 wt%, at most about 1.4 wt%, at most about 1.45 wt%, at most about 1.5 wt%, at most about 1.55 wt%, at most about 1.6 wt%, at most about 1.65 wt%, at most about 1.7 wt%, at most about 1.75 wt%, at most about 1.8 wt%, at most about 1.85 wt%, at most about 1.9 wt%, at most about 1.95 wt%, at most about 2.0 wt%, at most about 2.1 wt%, at most about 2.2 wt%, at most about 2.3 wt%, at most about 2.4 wt%, at most about 2.5 wt%, at most about 2.6 wt%, at most about 2.7 wt%, at most about 2.8 wt%, at most about 2.9 wt%, at most about 3.1 wt%, at most about 3.2 wt%, at most about 3.3 wt%, at most about 3.4 wt%, at most about 3.5 wt%, at most about 3.6 wt%, at most about 3.7 wt%, at most about 3.8 wt%, at most about 3.9 wt%, at most about 4.1 wt%, at most about 4.2 wt%, at most about 4.3 wt%, at most about 4.4 wt%, at most about 4.5 wt%, at most about 4.6 wt%, at most about 4.7 wt%, at most about 4.8 wt%, at most about 4.9 wt%, at most about 5.1 wt%, at most about 5.2 wt%, at most about 5.3 wt%, at most about 5.4 wt%, at most about 5.5 wt%, at most about 5.6 wt%, at most about 5.7 wt%, at most about 5.8 wt%, at most about 5.9 wt%, or most about 6.0 wt%.

[0040] Non-limiting examples of anionic dispersants include: alkylaryl sulfonic acids and their salts; carboxylated alcohols; diphenyl sulfonate derivatives; olefin sulfonates; phosphate esters such as phosphate esters of alcohol alkoxylates, phosphate esters of alkylphenol alkoxylates and phosphate esters of styryl phenol ethoxylates; protein-based surfactants; sarcosine derivatives; styryl phenol ether sulfate; sulfates and sulfonates of oils and fatty acids; sulfates and sulfonates of ethoxylated alkylphenols; sulfates of alcohols; salts of sulfates of alkoxylated alcohols; sulfonates of amines and amides such as N,N-alkyltaurates; sulfonates of benzene, cumene, toluene, xylene, and dodecyl and tridecylbenzenes; sulfonates of naphthaleneand alkyl naphthalene; sulfonates of fractionated petroleum; sulfosuccinamates; sulfosuccinates and their derivatives such as dialkyl sulfosuccinate salts; and combinations thereof. Non- limiting examples of cationic counterions of the anionic dispersants in salt form may include, but are not limited to, alkali metal, alkaline-earth metal, ammonium, or (C1-6) alkyl ammonium cation.

[0041] Non-limiting examples of anionic dispersants within the scope of the present disclosure include: ammonium lauryl sulfate; magnesium lauryl sulfate; sodium 2-ethyl-hexyl sulfate; sodium octyl sulfate; sodium oleyl sulfate; sodium tridecyl sulfate; triethanolamine lauryl sulfate; ammonium nonylphenol ether sulfate; ammonium monoxynol-4-sulfate sulfo succinamates; tetrasodium N-(1,2-dicarboxyethyl)-N-octadecylsulfo-succinamate; diamyl ester of sodium sulfosuccinic acid; dihexyl ester of sodium sulfosuccinic acid; dioctyl esters of sodium sulfosuccinic acid; dihexyl ester of sodium sulfosuccinic acid; dioctyl esters of sodium sulfosuccinic acid (Aerosol OT 75 PG); calcium naphthalene sulfonates (DAXAD®19LCAD); sodium methyl oleyl taurate (Geropon®T-77); sodium dodecylbenzene sulfonate; sodium dodecyl sulfate (Polystep®B-25Uvee); N-oleyl N-methyl taurate; 1,4-dioctoxy-1,4-dioxo- butane-2-sulfonic acid; sodium lauryl sulphate; sodium lauryl ether sulfate (Steol CS-370); calcium dodecylbenzenesulfonate (Rhodacal®60 BE and 70 B); isopropyl amine dodecylbenzenesulfonate (Bio-Soft®N-411); and sodium diisopropyl naphthalenesulfonate (Morwet®IP).

[0042] Non-limiting examples of cationic dispersants include: amides and ethoxylated amides; amines (such as N-alkyl propanediamines, tripropylenetriamines and dipropylenetetramines); ethoxylated amines, ethoxylated diamines and propoxylated amines (prepared from the amines and ethylene oxide, propylene oxide, butylene oxide or mixtures thereof); amine salts such as amine acetates and diamine salts; quaternary ammonium salts such as quaternary salts, ethoxylated quaternary salts and diquaternary salts; amine oxides such as alkyldimethylamine oxides and bis-(2-hydroxyethyl)-alkylamine oxides; and combinations thereof.

[0043] Non-limiting examples of zwitterionic (amphoteric) dispersants include betaines, N-alkyl glycines, N-alkyl propionic acids, N-alkylaminobutyric acids, N-alkyliminodipropionicacids, N-hydroxyethyl-N-alkylamidopropyl glycines, N-alkyl taurines, N-alkyl sarcosines, 2- alkylaminopropionic acids, alkylaminoacetic acids containing a C8-18 alkyl group, and combinations thereof.

[0044] In some embodiments, the at least one dispersant is selected from sulfosuccinates, sodium dioctyl sulfosuccinate (e.g., STEPWET DOS 70-PG), lignosulfonates (e.g., REAX 88B or POLYFON F, Borresperse NA), naphthalene sulfonate condensates (e.g., Morwet D425, Morwet D400, Supragil MNS88), alkyl ethoxyl phosphate esters (e.g., Dextrol OC180, Stepfac 1818K), alky sulfates (e.g., Sodium Lauryl sulfate, Sodium Dodecyl sulfate), and combinations thereof.

[0045] In some embodiments, the bait composition comprises at least one non-ionic dispersant. Non-limiting examples of nonionic surfactants include alkoxylates, fatty alcohol alkoxylates, siloxanes / silicones, alkylphenol alkoxylates, fatty acid alkoxylates, alkoxylated amines, alkoxylated fatty acid amides, terminally blocked alkoxylates, fatty acid esters of polyhydroxy compounds, fatty acid esters of glycerol, fatty acid esters of sorbitol, fatty acid esters of sucrose, alkylpolyglucosides, amine oxide, and combinations thereof. Alkoxy groups may suitably be ethoxy, propoxy, or a combination of ethoxy and propoxy groups in random or block configuration.

[0046] Non-limiting examples of nonionic dispersants also include: alcohol alkoxylates (such as alcohol alkoxylates based on natural and synthetic alcohols (which may be branched or linear) and prepared from the alcohols and ethylene oxide, propylene oxide, butylene oxide or mixtures thereof); amine ethoxylates, alkanolamides and ethoxylated alkanolamides; alkoxylated triglycerides (such as ethoxylated soybean, castor and rapeseed oils); alkylphenol alkoxylates (e.g., octyl- (such as the Triton®X series), nonyl- (such as the Tergitol®HP series), dinonyl-, or dodecyl-)); ethoxylated fatty acids; ethoxylated fatty esters and oils (such as Break Thru®SP 133); ethoxylated methyl esters; ethoxylated tristyrylphenol (including those prepared from ethylene oxide, propylene oxide, butylene oxide or mixtures thereof); fatty acid esters, glycerol esters, lanolin-based derivatives, polyethoxylate esters such as polyethoxylated sorbitan fatty acid esters, polyethoxylated sorbitol fatty acid esters and polyethoxylated glycerol fatty acid esters; other sorbitan derivatives such as sorbitan esters; polymeric surfactants such as random copolymers, block copolymers (such as block polymers prepared from ethylene oxide orpropylene oxide and reverse block polymers where the terminal blocks are prepared from propylene oxide; ethoxylated fatty acids), alkyd PEG (polyethylene glycol) resins, alkyd type copolyesters, graft or comb polymers, and star polymers; polyethylene glycols (PEG); polyethylene glycol fatty acid esters; silicone-based surfactants; sugar-derivatives such as sucrose esters, alkyl polyglycosides and alkyl polysaccharides; and combinations thereof.

[0047] Non-limiting examples of nonionic dispersants also include sorbitan fatty acid esters, polyethoxylated sorbitan fatty acid esters, sorbitol ethoxylate esters and combinations thereof. Non-limiting examples of sorbitan fatty acid esters include sorbitan monolaurates (e.g., SpanTM20), sorbitan monopalmitates (e.g., SpanTM40), sorbitan monostearates (e.g., SpanTM60), sorbitan tristearates (e.g., SpanTM65), sorbitan monooleates (e.g., SpanTM80), sorbitan trioleates (e.g., SpanTM85), and combinations thereof. Non-limiting examples of polyethoxylated sorbitan fatty acid esters include Tween®20, Tween®21, Tween®40, Tween®60, Tween®80, and Surfonic®L24-4. Non-limiting examples of sorbitol ethoxylate esters that may be suitable for the biopesticides described herein include polyoxyethylene sorbitol oleates (e.g., Arlatone®TV), polyoxyethylene sorbitol hexaoleates (e.g., Cirrasol®G-1086), polyoxyethylene sorbitol hexaoleates (e.g., Cirrasol®G-1096), polyoxyethylene oleate-laurates (e.g., Atlox 1045AR®), and combinations thereof. Polyethoxylated sorbitan fatty acid esters and sorbitol ethoxylate esters having a degree of ethoxylation of 20, 30, 40, 50, 60, 70 or 80 are generally suitable.

[0048] Non-limiting examples of nonionic dispersants also include organosilicone dispersants. Non-limiting examples of organosilicone dispersants within the scope of the present disclosure include: polyether siloxanes (e.g., Break Thru®OE441); polyether trisiloxanes (e.g., Break Thru®S240, Break Thru®S233); polyoxyethylene dimethylsiloxanes (e.g., Dyne-Amic®(a mixture with methylated seed oil)); polyoxyethylene methylpolysiloxanes (e.g., KF-640 manufactured by Shin-Etsu Chemical Co., Ltd.); polyalkylene oxide-modified polymethylsiloxane (e.g., Kinetic manufactured by Helena Chemical); polyoxyethylene propylheptamethyltrisiloxanes (e.g., Masil®SF19); polyether-modified polysiloxanes (e.g., Quark (a mixture with an alkyl phenol ethoxylate)); hydroxypropyl heptamethyltrisiloxanes (e.g., Silflow®(a mixture with ethoxylated acetate, polyethylene glycol monoallyl ether acetate and polyethylene glycol diacetate); polyalkylene oxide-modified heptamethyltrisiloxanes (e.g., Silwet®L77);polyether / polymethylsiloxane copolymers (e.g., Syl-Coat®); polyoxyethylene-modified polydimethylsiloxanes (e.g., Xiameter®); polyoxyalkylene oxypropylheptamethyltrisiloxanes; siloxane / polyalkylene oxide copolymers (e.g., VestisTM(a mixture with polyalkylene oxide)). In some aspects, the organosilicone dispersant is a polyether trisiloxane such as, for instance, Break Thru®S240 (a mixture of a polyether trisiloxane and an alcohol ethoxylate (CAS 9043-30-5)), Break Thru®S321, Break Thru®S200, Break Thru®OE 441, Break Thru®S278, Break Thru®S243, Break Thru®S233, Silwet®L-77, Silwet®408, Silwet®HS 429, Silwet®HS 312, Silwet®Y-12808, Silwet®L-7607, Silwet®L-7602, Silwet®L-7210, Silwet®L-7002, Silwet®L-720, and Silwet®L-7200, Sylgard®309, and Silibase®2848, and combinations thereof.

[0049] In some embodiments, the nonionic dispersant may comprise at least one alcohol alkoxylate surfactant, at least one alkylphenol alkoxylate surfactant, at least seed oil alkoxylate surfactant (e.g., Ecosurf®SA-4, Ecosurf®SA-7, Ecosurf®SA-9, and Ecosurf®SA-15), at least one alkylamine alkoxylate surfactant, at least one tallow amine alkoxylate surfactant, at last one fatty acid alkoxylate surfactant, and combinations thereof. In some aspects, the alkoxylates may be end capped. Alcohol alkoxylates generally comprise a hydrophobic alkyl chain attached by an ether linkage to a hydrophilic alkoxy chain and have the general formula R-(OC2-4)n-OH. R may be C6-18straight or branched chain alkyl. The alkoxy moiety (OC2-4) may be ethoxy, n- propyl, i-propyl, n-butyl, i-butyl or tert-butyl. In some aspects, the alkoxy moiety may be a block co-polymer of a polymeric ethoxy and polymeric propoxy or polymeric butoxy, and n may suitably be an integer of from 2 to 100. Suitable alcohol alkoxylates include linear alcohol alkoxylates, branched alcohol alkoxylates, secondary alcohol alkoxylates, and mixtures thereof. Non-limiting examples of alcohol alkoxylates include: Plurafac®SL-42 (C6-10-(PO)3(EO)6); Plurafac®SL-62 (C6-10-(PO)3(EO)8); Lutensol®XL series of the general structure Guerbet C10- (PO)a(EO)b including without limitation Lutensol®XL-40, Lutensol®XL-50, Lutensol®XL-60, Lutensol®XL-70, Lutensol®XL-79, Lutensol®XL-80, Lutensol®XL-89, Lutensol®XL-90, Lutensol®XL-99, Lutensol®XL-100, and Lutensol®XL-140; Lutensol®XP series of the general structure Guerbet C10-(EO)a, including without limitation Lutensol®XP-40, Lutensol®XP-50, Lutensol®XP-60, Lutensol®XP-70, Lutensol®XP-79, Lutensol®XP-80, Lutensol®XP-89, Lutensol®XP-90, Lutensol®XP-99, Lutensol®XP-100; Lutensol®ON series of the general structure oxo C10-(EO)a, including without limitation Lutensol®ON-30, Lutensol®ON-50, Lutensol®ON-60, Lutensol®ON-70, Lutensol®ON-80, Lutensol®ON-110; Lutensol®AO seriesof the general structure oxo C13 / 15-(EO)a, including without limitation Lutensol®AO-3, Lutensol®AO-5, Lutensol®AO-7, Lutensol®AO-79, Lutensol®AO-8, Lutensol®AO-11; Lutensol®TO series of the general structure oxo C13-(EO)a, including without limitation Lutensol®TO-6, Lutensol®TO-65, Lutensol®TO-7, Lutensol®TO-79, Lutensol®TO-8, Lutensol®TO-89, Lutensol®TO-10, Lutensol®TO-109, Lutensol®TO-12, Lutensol®TO-129, Lutensol®TO-15, Lutensol®TO-20; Lutensol®TDA series of the general structure oxo C11-C14-- C13rich (EO)a, including without limitation Lutensol®TDA-6, Lutensol®TDA 8, Lutensol®TDA-9, Lutensol®TDA-10; Ecosurf®EH series of the general structure 2-ethyl hexyl (PO)m(EO)nincluding Ecosurf®EH-3, Ecosurf®EH-6, and Ecosurf®EH-9; Ecosurf®SA series including Ecosurf®SA-4 (C6-12-(PO)3-4(EO)4), Ecosurf®SA-7 (C6-12-(PO)3-4(EO)7, and Ecosurf®SA-9 (C6-12-(PO)3-4(EO)9); Tergitol®15-S-3, Tergitol®15-S-5, Tergitol®15-S-7, Tergitol®15-S- 9, Tergitol®15-S-12, Tergitol®15-S-15, Tergitol®15-S-20, Tergitol®15-S-30, and Tergitol®15- S-40; Tergitol®L-61, Tergitol®L-62, Tergitol®L-64, Tergitol®L-81, and Tergitol®L-101; Tergitol®TMN-3, Tergitol®TMN-6, and Tergitol®TMN-10), and combinations thereof.

[0050] In some embodiments, the nonionic dispersant may comprise at least one polymeric surfactant. Polymeric surfactants fall into several categories including, but not limited to, block copolymers, random copolymers, graft copolymer and star polymers. Non-limiting examples of polymer monomeric units include ethylene oxide, propylene oxide, acrylic, styrene, methacrylic, hydroxystearate, and ester (e.g., alkyd). Examples include, without limitation, EO / PO block copolymers, acrylic / styrene copolymers, methacrylic copolymers, poly hydroxystearate derivatives, alkyd PEG resin derivatives, and combinations thereof. Non- limiting examples of block copolymers include AtlasTMG-5000 and AtlasTMG-5002L (butyl block copolymers). A non-limiting example of a graft copolymer is Atlox®4913 (a methyl methacrylate graft copolymer backbone having PEG extending therefrom). In some aspects, the nonionic surfactant component comprises Atlox®4913. In some aspects, the nonionic surfactant component comprises AtlasTMG-5000. In some aspects, the nonionic surfactant component comprises Atlox®4913, AtlasTMG-5000 and Lutensol®TDA 6.

[0051] In some embodiments, the bait composition comprises at least one non-ionic dispersant selected from graft polymers, acrylic graft copolymers (e.g., ATLOX 4913), polymethyl methacrylate-polyethylene glycol graft copolymers (e.g., STEP-FLOW 4000), alkylpolyglycosides, C9-11 alkyl polyglucosides (e.g., AGNIQUE PG 9116), C8-10 alkyl polyglucosides (e.g., AGNIQUE PG 8107), polyvinylpyrrolidones (e.g., PVP K-30, PVP 60, PVP 90), polyalkylene oxide block copolymers, polyalkylene glycol ethers (e.g., Atlas G5000), butyl polyalkylene oxide block copolymers (e.g., TOXIMUL 8330, Emulsogen EP4910), alkyl ethoxylates, tristyrylphenol ethoxylates (e.g., Sorprophor BSU, Markon TSP), and combinations thereof.

[0052] Generally, the at least one pesticidal active ingredient may include any suitable pesticidal active ingredient known in the art that facilitates the bait composition. In some embodiments, the bait composition includes one or more pest control agents selected from insecticides, herbicides, biopesticides, nematicides, bactericides, and fungicides. General references for these pest control agents (i.e., insecticides, fungicides, nematicides, acaricides, herbicides and biological agents) include The Pesticide Manual, 13th Edition, C. D. S. Tomlin, Ed., British Crop Protection Council, Farnham, Surrey, U.K., 2003 and The BioPesticide Manual, 2ndEdition, L. G. Copping, Ed., British Crop Protection Council, Farnham, Surrey, U.K., 2001.

[0053] In some embodiments, the pesticidal active ingredient is selected from insecticides, nematicides, biopesticides, and combinations thereof.

[0054] In some embodiments, the pesticidal active ingredient comprises an insecticide. In some embodiments, the insecticide is a diamide selected from chlorantraniliprole, cyantraniliprole, tetrachlorantraniliprole, bromoantraniliprole, dichlorantraniliprole, tetraniliprole, cyclaniliprole, cyhalodiamide, flubendiamide, and combinations thereof. In some embodiments, the insecticide is cyantraniliprole.

[0055] In some embodiments, the composition comprises a pesticidal active ingredient selected from abamectin, acephate, acequinocyl, acetamiprid, acrinathrin, acynonapyr, afidopyropen ([(3S,4R,4aR,6S,6aS,12R,12aS,12bS)-3-[(cyclopropylcarbonyl)oxy]- 1,3,4,4a,5,6,6a,12,12a,12b-decahydro-6,12-dihydroxy-4,6a,12b-trimethyl-11-oxo-9-(3- pyridinyl)-2H,11H-naphtho[2,1-b]pyrano[3,4-e]pyran-4-yl]methyl cyclopropanecarboxylate), amidoflumet, amitraz, avermectin, azadirachtin, azinphos methyl, benfuracarb, bensultap, benzpyrimoxan, bifenthrin, kappa-bifenthrin, bifenazate, bistrifluron, borate, broflanilide, buprofezin, cadusafos, carbaryl, carbofuran, cartap, carzol, chlorantraniliprole, chlorfenapyr,chlorfluazuron, chloroprallethrin, chlorpyrifos, chlorpyrifos-e, chlorpyrifos-methyl, chromafenozide, clofentezin, chloroprallethrin, clothianidin, cyantraniliprole, (3-bromo-1-(3- chloro-2-pyridinyl)-N-[4-cyano-2-methyl-6-[(methylamino)carbonyl]phenyl]-1H-pyrazole-5- carboxamide), cyclaniliprole (3-bromo-N-[2-bromo-4-chloro-6-[[(1- cyclopropylethyl)amino]carbonyl]phenyl]-1-(3-chloro-2-pyridinyl)-1H-pyrazole-5- carboxamide), cycloprothrin, cycloxaprid ((5S,8R)-1-[(6-chloro-3-pyridinyl)methyl]-2,3,5,6,7,8- hexahydro-9-nitro-5,8-Epoxy-1H-imidazo[1,2-a]azepine), cyenopyrafen, cyflumetofen, cyfluthrin, beta cyfluthrin, cyhalodiamide, cyhalothrin, gamma-cyhalothrin, lambda-cyhalothrin, cypermethrin, alpha-cypermethrin, zeta-cypermethrin, cyromazine, deltamethrin, diafenthiuron, diazinon, dicloromezotiaz, dieldrin, diflubenzuron, dimefluthrin, dimehypo, dimethoate, dimpropyridaz, dinotefuran, diofenolan, emamectin, emamectin benzoate, endosulfan, esfenvalerate, ethiprole, etofenprox, epsilon-metofluthrin, etoxazole, fenbutatin oxide, fenitrothion, fenothiocarb, fenoxycarb, fenpropathrin, fenvalerate, fipronil, flometoquin (2- ethyl-3,7-dimethyl-6-[4-(trifluoromethoxy)phenoxy]-4-quinolinyl methyl carbonate), flonicamid, fluazaindolizine, flubendiamide, flucythrinate, flufenerim, flufenoxuron, flufenoxystrobin (methyl (αE)-2-[[2-chloro-4-(trifluoromethyl)phenoxy]methyl]-α-(methoxymethylene)benzeneacetate), fluensulfone (5-chloro-2-[(3,4,4-trifluoro-3-buten-1-yl)sulfonyl]thiazole), fluhexafon, fluopyram, flupiprole (1-[2,6-dichloro-4-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl]-5-[(2-methyl-2-propen-1-yl)amino]-4- [(trifluoromethyl)sulfinyl]-1H-pyrazole-3-carbonitrile), flupyradifurone (4-[[(6-chloro-3- pyridinyl)methyl](2,2-difluoroethyl)amino]-2(5H)-furanone), flupyrimin, fluvalinate, tau fluvalinate, fluxametamide, fonophos, formetanate, fosthiazate, gamma-cyhalothrin, halofenozide, heptafluthrin ([2,3,5,6-tetrafluoro-4-(methoxymethyl)phenyl]methyl 2,2-dimethyl-3-[(1Z)-3,3,3- trifluoro-1-propen-1-yl]cyclopropanecarboxylate), hexaflumuron, hexythiazox, hydramethylnon, imidacloprid, indoxacarb, insecticidal soaps, isofenphos, isocycloseram, kappa-tefluthrin, lambda- cyhalothrin, lufenuron, malathion, meperfluthrin ([2,3,5,6-tetrafluoro-4- (methoxymethyl)phenyl]methyl (1R,3S)-3-(2,2-dichloroethenyl)-2,2- dimethylcyclopropanecarboxylate), metaflumizone, metaldehyde, methamidophos, methidathion, methiocarb, methomyl, methoprene, methoxychlor, metofluthrin, methoxyfenozide, epsilon- metofluthrin, epsilon-momfluorothrin, monocrotophos, monofluorothrin ([2,3,5,6-tetrafluoro-4- (methoxymethyl)phenyl]methyl 3-(2-cyano-1-propen-1-yl)-2,2- dimethylcyclopropanecarboxylate), nicotine, nitenpyram, nithiazine, novaluron, noviflumuron, N-[1,1-dimethyl-2-(methylthio)ethyl]-7-fluoro-2-(3-pyridinyl)-2H-indazole-4-carboxamide, N-[1,1- dimethyl-2-(methylsulfinyl)ethyl]-7-fluoro-2-(3-pyridinyl)-2H-indazole-4-carboxamide, N-[1,1- dimethyl-2-(methylsulfonyl)ethyl]-7-fluoro-2-(3-pyridinyl)-2H-indazole-4-carboxamide, N-(1- methylcyclopropyl)-2-(3-pyridinyl)-2H-indazole-4-carboxamide, and N-[1- (difluoromethyl)cyclopropyl]-2-(3-pyridinyl)-2H-indazole-4-carboxamide, oxamyl, oxazosulfyl, parathion, parathion methyl, permethrin, phorate, phosalone, phosmet, phosphamidon, pirimicarb, profenofos, profluthrin, propargite, protrifenbute, pyflubumide (1,3,5-trimethyl-N-(2-methyl-1- oxopropyl)-N-[3-(2-methylpropyl)-4-[2,2,2-trifluoro-1-methoxy-1- (trifluoromethyl)ethyl]phenyl]-1H-pyrazole-4-carboxamide), pymetrozine, pyrafluprole, pyrethrin, pyridaben, pyridalyl, pyrifluquinazon, pyriminostrobin (methyl (αE)-2-[[[2-[(2,4- dichlorophenyl)amino]-6-(trifluoromethyl)-4-pyrimidinyl]oxy]methyl]-α- (methoxymethylene)benzeneacetate), pydiflumetofen, pyriprole, pyriproxyfen, rotenone, ryanodine, silafluofen, spinetoram, spinosad, spirodiclofen, spiromesifen, spiropidion, spirotetramat, sulprofos, sulfoxaflor (N-[methyloxido[1-[6-(trifluoromethyl)-3-pyridinyl]ethyl]- λ4-sulfanylidene]cyanamide), tebufenozide, tebufenpyrad, teflubenzuron, tefluthrin, kappa- tefluthrin, terbufos, tetrachlorantraniliprole, tetrachlorvinphos, tetramethrin, tetramethylfluthrin ([2,3,5,6-tetrafluoro-4-(methoxymethyl)phenyl]methyl 2,2,3,3- tetramethylcyclopropanecarboxylate), tetraniliprole, thiacloprid, thiamethoxam, thiodicarb, thiosultap-sodium, tioxazafen (3-phenyl-5-(2-thienyl)-1,2,4-oxadiazole), tolfenpyrad, tralomethrin, triazamate, trichlorfon, triflumezopyrim (2,4-dioxo-1-(5-pyrimidinylmethyl)-3-[3- (trifluoromethyl)phenyl]-2H- pyrido[1,2-a]pyrimidinium inner salt), triflumuron, tyclopyrazoflor, zeta-cypermethrin, Bacillus thuringiensis delta-endotoxins, entomopathogenic bacteria, entomopathogenic viruses, entomopathogenic fungi, and combinations thereof.

[0056] In some embodiments, the composition comprises a pesticidal active ingredient selected from fungicides such as acibenzolar-S-methyl, aldimorph, ametoctradin, aminopyrifen, amisulbrom, anilazine, azaconazole, azoxystrobin, benalaxyl (including benalaxyl-M), benodanil, benomyl, benthiavalicarb (including benthiavalicarb-isopropyl), benzovindiflupyr, bethoxazin, binapacryl, biphenyl, bitertanol, bixafen, blasticidin-S, boscalid, bromuconazole, bupirimate, buthiobate, carboxin, carpropamid, captafol, captan, carbendazim, chloroneb, chlorothalonil, chlozolinate, copper hydroxide, copper oxychloride, copper sulfate, coumoxystrobin, cyazofamid, cyflufenamid, cymoxanil, cyproconazole, cyprodinil,dichlobentiazox, dichlofluanid, diclocymet, diclomezine, dicloran, diethofencarb, difenoconazole, diflumetorim, dimethirimol, dimethomorph, dimoxystrobin, diniconazole (including diniconazole-M), dinocap, dipymetitrone, dithianon, dithiolanes, dodemorph, dodine, econazole, etaconazole, edifenphos, enoxastrobin (also known as enestroburin), epoxiconazole, ethaboxam, ethirimol, etridiazole, famoxadone, fenamidone, fenaminstrobin, fenarimol, fenbuconazole, fenfuram, fenhexamide, fenoxanil, fenpiclonil, fenpicoxamid, fenpropidin, fenpropimorph, fenpyrazamine, fentin acetate, fentin hydroxide, ferbam, ferimzone, flometoquin, florylpicoxamid, fluopimomide, fluazinam, fludioxonil, flufenoxystrobin, fluindapyr, flumorph, fluopicolide, fluopyram, fluoxapiprolin, fluoxastrobin, fluquinconazole, flusilazole, flusulfamide, flutianil, flutolanil, flutriafol, fluxapyroxad, folpet, fthalide (also known as phthalide), fuberidazole, furalaxyl, furametpyr, hexaconazole, hymexazole, guazatine, imazalil, imibenconazole, iminoctadine albesilate, iminoctadine triacetate, inpyrfluxam, iodicarb, ipconazole, ipfentrifluconazole, ipflufenoquin, isofetamid, iprobenfos, iprodione, iprovalicarb, isoflucypram, isoprothiolane, isopyrazam, isotianil, kasugamycin, kresoxim-methyl, lancotrione, mancozeb, mandipropamid, mandestrobin, maneb, mapanipyrin, mefentrifluconazole, mepronil, meptyldinocap, metalaxyl (including metalaxyl-M / mefenoxam), metconazole, methasulfocarb, metiram, metominostrobin, metyltetraprole, metrafenone, myclobutanil, naftitine, neo-asozin (ferric methanearsonate), nuarimol, octhilinone, ofurace, orysastrobin, oxadixyl, oxathiapiprolin, oxolinic acid, oxpoconazole, oxycarboxin, oxytetracycline, penconazole, pencycuron, penflufen, penthiopyrad, perfurazoate, phosphorous acid (including salts thereof, e.g., fosetyl-aluminum), picoxystrobin, piperalin, polyoxin, probenazole, prochloraz, procymidone, propamocarb, propiconazole, propineb, proquinazid, prothiocarb, prothioconazole, pydiflumetofen (Adepidyn®), pyraclostrobin, pyrametostrobin, pyrapropoyne, pyraoxystrobin, pyraziflumid, pyrazophos, pyribencarb, pyributacarb, pyridachlometyl, pyrifenox, pyriofenone, perisoxazole, pyrimethanil, pyrifenox, pyrrolnitrin, pyroquilon, quinconazole, quinmethionate, quinofumelin, quinoxyfen, quintozene, silthiofam, sedaxane, simeconazole, spiroxamine, streptomycin, sulfur, tebuconazole, tebufloquin, teclofthalam, tecloftalam, tecnazene, terbinafine, tetraconazole, thiabendazole, thifluzamide, thiophanate, thiophanate-methyl, thiram, tiadinil, tolclofos-methyl, tolprocarb, tolyfluanid, triadimefon, triadimenol, triarimol, triazoxide, tribasic copper sulfate, triclopyricarb, tridemorph, trifloxystrobin, triflumizole, trimoprhamide tricyclazole, trifloxystrobin, triforine, triticonazole, uniconazole, validamycin, valifenalate (also known asvalifenal), vinclozolin, zineb, ziram, zoxamide, 1-[4-[4-[5-(2,6-difluorophenyl)-4,5-dihydro-3- isoxazolyl]-2-thiazolyl]-1-piperidinyl]-2-[5-methyl-3-(trifluoromethyl)-1H-pyrazol-1- yl]ethanone, and combinations thereof.

[0057] In some embodiments, the composition comprises a pesticidal active ingredient selected from herbicides including: cyclohexenone oxime ethers, such as alloxydim, clethodim, cloproxydim, cycloxydim, sethoxydim, tralkoxydim, butroxydim, clefoxydim or tepraloxydim; phenoxyphenoxypropionic esters, such as clodinafop-propargyl, cyhalofop-butyl, diclofop- methyl, fenoxaprop-ethyl, fenoxaprop-P-ethyl, fenthiapropethyl, fluazifop-butyl, fluazifop-P- butyl, haloxyfop-ethoxyethyl, haloxyfop-methyl, haloxyfop-P-methyl, isoxapyrifop, propaquizafop, quizalofop-ethyl, quizalofop-P-ethyl or quizalofop-tefuryl; arylaminopropionic acids, such as flamprop-methyl or flamprop-isopropyl; acetolactate synthase inhibitors (ALS), such as imazapyr, imazaquin, imazamethabenz-methyl (imazame), imazamox, imazapic or imazethapyr; pyrimidyl ethers, such as pyrithiobac-acid, pyrithiobac-sodium, bispyribac-sodium. KIH-6127 or pyribenzoxym; sulfonamides, such as florasulam, flumetsulam or metosulam; sulfonylureas, such as amidosulfuron, azimsulfuron, bensulfuron-methyl, chlorimuron-ethyl, chlorsulfuron, cinosulfuron, cyclosulfamuron, ethametsulfuron-methyl, ethoxysulfuron, flazasulfuron, halosulfuron-methyl, imazosulfuron, metsulfuron-methyl, nicosulfuron, primisulfuron-methyl, prosulfuron, pyrazosulfuron-ethyl, rimsulfuron, sulfometuron-methyl, thifensulfuron-methyl, triasulfuron, tribenuron-methyl, triflusulfuron-methyl, tritosulfuron, sulfosulfuron, foramsulfuron or iodosulfuron; amides, such as allidochlor (CDAA), benzoylprop- ethyl, bromobutide, chiorthiamid, diphenamid, etobenzanidibenzchlomet), fluthiamide, fosamin or monalide; auxin herbicides, such as pyridinecarboxylic acids, such as clopyralid or picloram; 2,4-D or benazolin; auxin transport inhibitors, such as naptalame or diflufenzopyr; carotenoid biosynthesis inhibitors, such as benzofenap, clomazone (dimethazone), diflufenican, fluorochloridone, fluridone, pyrazolynate, pyrazoxyfen, isoxaflutole, isoxachlortole, mesotrione, sulcotrione (chlormesulone), ketospiradox, flurtamone, norflurazon or amitrol; enolpyruvylshikimate-3-phosphate synthase inhibitors (EPSPS), such as glyphosate or sulfosate; glutamine synthetase inhibitors, such as bilanafos (bialaphos) or glufosinate-ammonium; lipid biosynthesis inhibitors, such as anilides, such as anilofos or mefenacet; chloroacetanilides, such as dimethenamid, S-dimethenamid, acetochlor, alachlor, butachlor, butenachlor, diethatyl-ethyl, dimethachlor, metazachlor, metolachlor, S-metolachlor, pretilachlor, propachlor, prynachlor,terbuchlor, thenylchlor or xylachlor; thioureas, such as butylate, cycloate, di-allate, dimepiperate, EPTC. esprocarb, molinate, pebulate, prosulfocarb, thiobencarb (benthiocarb), tri-allate or vemolate; or benfuresate or perfluidone; mitosis inhibitors, such as asulam, carbetamid, chlorpropham, orbencarb, pronamid (propyzamid), propham or tiocarbazil; dinitroanilines, such as benefin, butralin, dinitramin, ethalfluralin, fluchloralin, oryzalin, pendimethalin, prodiamine or trifluralin; pyridines, such as dithiopyr or thiazopyr; butamifos, chlorthal-dimethyl (DCPA) maleic hydrazide; protoporphyrinogen IX oxidase inhibitors, such as acifluorfen, acifluorfen- sodium, aclonifen, bifenox, chlomitrofen (CNP), ethoxyfen, fluorodifen, fluoroglycofen-ethyl, fomesafen, furyloxyfen, lactofen, nitrofen, nitrofluorfen or oxyfluorfen; oxadiazoles, such as oxadiargyl or oxadiazon; cyclic imides, such as azafenidin, butafenacil, carfentrazone-ethyl, cinidon-ethyl, flumiclorac-pentyl, flumioxazin, flumipropyn, flupropacil, fluthiacet-methyl, sulfentrazone or thidiazimin; pyrazoles, such as ET-751.JV 485 or nipyraclofen; photosynthesis inhibitors, such as propanil, pyridate or pyridafol; benzothiadiazinones, such as bentazone; dinitrophenols, suxch as bromofenoxim, dinoseb, dinoseb-acetate, dinoterb or DNOC; dipyridylenes, such as cyperquat-chloride, difenzoquat-methylsulfate, diquat or paraquat- dichloride; ureas, such as chlorbromuron, chlorotoluron, difenoxuron, dimefuron, diuron, ethidimuron, fenuron, fluometuron, isoproturon, isouron, linuron, methabenzthiazuron, methazole, metobenzuron, metoxuron, monolinuron, neburon, siduron or tebuthiuron; phenols, such as bromoxynil or ioxynil; chloridazon; triazines, such as ametryn, atrazine, cyanazine, desmein, dimethamethryn, hexazinone, prometon, prometryn, propazine, simazine, simetryn, terbumeton, terbutryn, terbutylazine or trietazine; triazinones, such as metamitron or metribuzin; uracils, such as bromacil, lenacil or terbacil; or biscarbamates, such as desmedipham or phenmedipham; synergists, such as tridiphane; CIS cell wall synthesis inhibitors, such as isoxaben or dichlobenil; dichloropropionic acids, such as dalapon; dihydrobenzofurans, such as ethofumesate; phenylacetic acids, such as chlorfenac (fenac); or aziprotryn, barban, beflubutamid, s-beflubutamid, bensulide, benzthiazuron, benzofluor, bixlozone, buminafos, buthidazole, buturon, cafenstrole, chlorbufam, chlorfenprop-methyl, chloroxuron, cinmethylin, cumyluron, cycluron, cyprazine, cyprazole, dibenzyluron, dipropetryn, dymron, eglinazin-ethyl, endothall, ethiozin, flucabazone, fluorbentranil, flupoxam, isocarbamid, isopropalin, isoflex, karbutilate, mefluidide, monuron, napropamide, napropamide-M, napropanilide, nitralin, oxaciclomefone, phenisopham, piperophos, procyazine, profluralin, pyributicarb, rimisoxamid,secbumeton, sulfallate (CDEC), terbucarb, triaziflam, triazofenamid or trimeturon; their environmentally compatible salts; and combinations thereof. In some embodiments, the herbicide is selected from the group consisting of: beflubutamid, s-beflubutamid, rimisoxamid,bixlozone, isoflex, napropamide, aclonifen, and combinations thereof.

[0058] In some embodiments, the composition comprises a pesticidal active ingredient selected from nematocides including fluopyram, spirotetramat, thiodicarb, fosthiazate, abamectin, iprodione, fluensulfone, dimethyl disulfide, tioxazafen, 1,3-dichloropropene (1,3-D), metam (sodium and potassium), dazomet, chloropicrin, fenamiphos, ethoprophos, cadusaphos, terbufos, imicyafos, oxamyl, carbofuran, tioxazafen, Bacillus firmus, Pasteuria nishizawae, and combinations thereof. A non-limiting example of a bactericide is streptomycin. Non-limiting examples of additional acaricides include amitraz, chinomethionat, chlorobenzilate, cyhexatin, dicofol, dienochlor, etoxazole, fenazaquin, fenbutatin oxide, fenpropathrin, fenpyroximate, hexythiazox, propargite, pyridaben, tebufenpyrad, and combinations thereof.

[0059] Generally, the at least one pesticidal active ingredient may be present in any suitable amount known in the art that facilitates the bait composition. In some embodiments, the at least one pesticidal active ingredient is present in an amount of at least about 0.05 wt%, at least about 0.10 wt%, at least about 0.15 wt%, at least about 0.20 wt%, 0.25 wt%, at least about 0.30 wt%, 0.35 wt%, at least about 0.40 wt%, at least about 0.45 wt%, at least about 0.50 wt%, at least about 0.55 wt%, at least about 0.60 wt%, at least about 0.65 wt%, at least about 0.70 wt%, at least about 0.75 wt%, at least about 0.80 wt%, at least about 0.85 wt%, at least about 0.90 wt%, at least about 0.95 wt%, at least about 1.0 wt%, at least about 1.05 wt%, at least about 1.1 wt%, at least about 1.15 wt%, at least about 1.2 wt%, at least about 1.25 wt%, at least about 1.3 wt%, at least about 1.35 wt%, at least about 1.4 wt%, at least about 1.45 wt%, at least about 1.5 wt%, at least about 1.55 wt%, at least about 1.6 wt%, at least about 1.65 wt%, at least about 1.7 wt%, at least about 1.75 wt%, at least about 1.8 wt%, at least about 1.85 wt%, at least about 1.9 wt%, or at least about 1.95 wt%. In some embodiments, the at least one pesticidal active ingredient is present in an amount of at most about 0.10 wt%, at most about 0.15 wt%, at most about 0.20 wt%, 0.25 wt%, at most about 0.30 wt%, 0.35 wt%, at most about 0.40 wt%, at most about 0.45 wt%, at most about 0.50 wt%, at most about 0.55 wt%, at most about 0.60 wt%, at most about 0.65 wt%, at most about 0.70 wt%, at most about 0.75 wt%, at most about 0.80 wt%, at most about 0.85 wt%, at most about0.90 wt%, at most about 0.95 wt%, at most about 1.0 wt%, at most about 1.05 wt%, at most about 1.1 wt%, at most about 1.15 wt%, at most about 1.2 wt%, at most about 1.25 wt%, at most about 1.3 wt%, at most about 1.35 wt%, at most about 1.4 wt%, at most about 1.45 wt%, at most about 1.5 wt%, at most about 1.55 wt%, at most about 1.6 wt%, at most about 1.65 wt%, at most about 1.7 wt%, at most about 1.75 wt%, at most about 1.8 wt%, at most about 1.85 wt%, at most about 1.9 wt%, at most about 1.95 wt%, or at most about 2.0 wt%.

[0060] In some embodiments, the at least one pesticidal active ingredient is present in an amount in a range of from about 0.10 wt% to about 0.70 wt%.

[0061] One or more additional additives may optionally be combined with aqueous spray mixtures produced according to the present disclosure. Examples of such additives include, for instance and without limitation, safeners (as described elsewhere herein), dispersants (as described elsewhere herein), surfactants (as described elsewhere herein), oils (e.g., crop oil concentrate and / or methylated seed oil), nitrogen-based fertilizers (e.g., ammonium sulfate and / or urea ammonium nitrate), defoamers, suspension agents, buffers, conditioning or water- softening agents, deposition agents (stickers), drift control agents, and colorants.

[0062] In some embodiments, the bait composition comprises at least one auxillary selected from antifoams, antifreeze, biocides, and combinations thereof.

[0063] In some embodiments, the at least one bait comprises a component selected from feedants, attractants, sugary attractants, ammonia, ammonium salts, hydrolyzed proteins, vegetable proteins, hydrolyzed vegetable proteins, yeast proteins, hydrolyzed yeast proteins, animal proteins, hydrolyzed animal proteins, and combinations thereof.

[0064] In some embodiments, the at least one bait does not comprise an animal protein or a hydrolyzed animal protein. In some embodiments, the at least one bait is substantially free of an animal protein or a hydrolyzed animal protein.

[0065] In some embodiments, the at least one bait comprises a vegetable protein. Suitable vegetable proteins are those that have attractive and feeding stimulant properties. In some embodiments, the at least one bait comprises corn steep liquor. In some embodiments, theat least one bait comprises corn protein in an amount in a range of from about 2 wt% to about 80 wt%.

[0066] Generally, the at least one feedant may include any suitable feedant known in the art that facilitates the bait composition. In some embodiments, the at least one feedant comprises corn steep liquor. In some embodiments, the at least one feedant comprises hydrolyzed proteins. In some embodiments, the at least one feedant comprises sugar.

[0067] Generally, the at least one feedant may be present in any suitable amount known in the art that facilitates the bait composition. In some embodiments, the at least one feedant is present in an amount of at least about 50 wt%, at least about 55 wt%, at least about ‘60 wt%, at least about 65 wt%, at least about 70 wt%, or at least about 75 wt%. In some embodiments, the at least one feedant is present in an amount of at most about 55 wt%, at most about ‘60 wt%, at most about 65 wt%, at most about 70 wt%, at most about 75 wt%, or at most about 80 wt%.

[0068] In some embodiments, the at least one feedant is present in an amount in a range of from about 55 wt% to about 80 wt%.

[0069] Generally, the at least one attractant may include any suitable attractant known in the art that facilitates the bait composition. In some embodiments, the at least one attractant comprises corn syrup.

[0070] Generally, the at least one attractant may be present in any suitable amount known in the art that facilitates the bait composition. In some embodiments, the at least one attractant is present in an amount of at least about 0.10 wt%, at least about 0.15 wt%, at least about 0.20 wt%, at least about 0.25 wt%, at least about 0.30 wt%, at least about 0.35 wt%, at least about 0.40 wt%, at least about 0.45 wt%, at least about 0.50 wt%, at least about 0.55 wt%, at least about 0.60 wt%, at least about 0.65 wt%, at least about 0.70 wt%, at least about 0.75 wt%, at least about 0.80 wt%, at least about 0.85 wt%, at least about 0.90 wt%, at least about 0.95 wt%, at least about 1.0 wt%, at least about 1.1 wt%, at least about 1.2 wt%, at least about 1.3 wt%, at least about 1.4 wt%, at least about 1.5 wt%, at least about 1.6 wt%, at least about 1.7 wt%, at least about 1.8 wt%, at least about 1.9 wt%, at least about 2.0 wt%, at least about 2.1 wt%, at least about 2.2 wt%, at least about 2.3 wt%, at least about 2.4 wt%, at least about 2.5 wt%, at least about 2.6 wt%, at least about 2.7wt%, at least about 2.8 wt%, at least about 2.9 wt%, at least about 3.0 wt%, at least about 3.1 wt%, at least about 3.2 wt%, at least about 3.3 wt%, at least about 3.4 wt%, at least about 3.5 wt%, at least about 3.6 wt%, at least about 3.7 wt%, at least about 3.8 wt%, or at least about 3.9 wt%. In some embodiments, the at least one attractant is present in an amount of at most about 0.15 wt%, at most about 0.20 wt%, at most about 0.25 wt%, at most about 0.30 wt%, at most about 0.35 wt%, at most about 0.40 wt%, at most about 0.45 wt%, at most about 0.50 wt%, at most about 0.55 wt%, at most about 0.60 wt%, at most about 0.65 wt%, at most about 0.70 wt%, at most about 0.75 wt%, at most about 0.80 wt%, at most about 0.85 wt%, at most about 0.90 wt%, at most about 0.95 wt%, at most about 1.0 wt%, at most about 1.1 wt%, at most about 1.2 wt%, at most about 1.3 wt%, at most about 1.4 wt%, at most about 1.5 wt%, at most about 1.6 wt%, at most about 1.7 wt%, at most about 1.8 wt%, at most about 1.9 wt%, at most about 2.0 wt%, at most about 2.1 wt%, at most about 2.2 wt%, at most about 2.3 wt%, at most about 2.4 wt%, at most about 2.5 wt%, at most about 2.6 wt%, at most about 2.7 wt%, at most about 2.8 wt%, at most about 2.9 wt%, at most about 3.0 wt%, at most about 3.1 wt%, at most about 3.2 wt%, at most about 3.3 wt%, at most about 3.4 wt%, at most about 3.5 wt%, at most about 3.6 wt%, at most about 3.7 wt%, at most about 3.8 wt%, at most about 3.9 wt%, or at most about 4.0 wt%.

[0071] In some embodiments, the at least one attractant is present in an amount of at most about 0.55 wt%, at most about 0.60 wt%, at most about 0.65 wt%, at most about 0.70 wt%, at most about 0.75 wt%, at most about 0.80 wt%, at most about 0.85 wt%, or at most about 0.90 wt%.

[0072] In some embodiments, the at least one sugary attractant is present in an amount in a range of from about 0.50 wt% to about 0.90 wt%.

[0073] Generally, the at least one ammonium salt may include any suitable ammonium salt known in the art that facilitates the bait composition. In some embodiments, the at least one ammonium salt is selected from ammonium acetate, ammonium citrate, ammonium tartrate, ammonium lactate, water-soluble ammonium salts of fatty acids, and combinations thereof.

[0074] Generally, the at least one ammonium salt may be present in any suitable amount known in the art that facilitates the bait composition.

[0075] In some embodiments, the at least one ammonium salt is present in an amount of at least about 0.10 wt%, at least about 0.15 wt%, at least about 0.20 wt%, at least about 0.25 wt%, at least about 0.30 wt%, at least about 0.35 wt%, at least about 0.40 wt%, at least about 0.45 wt%, at least about 0.50 wt%, at least about 0.55 wt%, at least about 0.60 wt%, at least about 0.65 wt%, at least about 0.70 wt%, at least about 0.75 wt%, at least about 0.80 wt%, at least about 0.85 wt%, at least about 0.90 wt%, at least about 0.95 wt%, at least about 1.0 wt%, at least about 1.1 wt%, at least about 1.2 wt%, at least about 1.3 wt%, at least about 1.4 wt%, at least about 1.5 wt%, at least about 1.6 wt%, at least about 1.7 wt%, at least about 1.8 wt%, or at least about 1.9 wt%. In some embodiments, the at least one ammonium salt is present in an amount of at most about 0.15 wt%, at most about 0.20 wt%, at most about 0.25 wt%, at most about 0.30 wt%, at most about 0.35 wt%, at most about 0.40 wt%, at most about 0.45 wt%, at most about 0.50 wt%, at most about 0.55 wt%, at most about 0.60 wt%, at most about 0.65 wt%, at most about 0.70 wt%, at most about 0.75 wt%, at most about 0.80 wt%, at most about 0.85 wt%, at most about 0.90 wt%, at most about 0.95 wt%, at most about 1.0 wt%, at most about 1.1 wt%, at most about 1.2 wt%, at most about 1.3 wt%, at most about 1.4 wt%, at most about 1.5 wt%, at most about 1.6 wt%, at most about 1.7 wt%, at most about 1.8 wt%, at most about 1.9 wt%, or at most about 2.0 wt%.

[0076] In some embodiments, the at least one ammonium salt is present in an amount of at least about 0.50 wt%, at least about 0.55 wt%, at least about 0.60 wt%, at least about 0.65 wt%, at least about 0.70 wt%, at least about 0.75 wt%, at least about 0.80 wt%, or at least about 0.85 wt%. In some embodiments, the at least one ammonium salt is present in an amount of at most about 0.55 wt%, at most about 0.60 wt%, at most about 0.65 wt%, at most about 0.70 wt%, at most about 0.75 wt%, at most about 0.80 wt%, at most about 0.85 wt%, or at most about 0.90 wt%.

[0077] In some embodiments, the at least one ammonium salt is present in an amount in a range of from about 0.50 wt% to about 0.90 wt%.

[0078] In some embodiments, ammonia is present in an amount of at least about 0.10 wt%, at least about 0.15 wt%, at least about 0.20 wt%, at least about 0.25 wt%, at least about 0.30 wt%, at least about 0.35 wt%, at least about 0.40 wt%, at least about 0.45 wt%, at least about 0.50 wt%, at least about 0.55 wt%, at least about 0.60 wt%, at least about 0.65 wt%, at least about 0.70 wt%, at least about 0.75 wt%, at least about 0.80 wt%, at least about 0.85 wt%, at least about 0.90 wt%,at least about 0.95 wt%, at least about 1.0 wt%, at least about 1.1 wt%, at least about 1.2 wt%, at least about 1.3 wt%, at least about 1.4 wt%, at least about 1.5 wt%, at least about 1.6 wt%, at least about 1.7 wt%, at least about 1.8 wt%, or at least about 1.9 wt%. In some embodiments, ammonia is present in an amount of at most about 0.15 wt%, at most about 0.20 wt%, at most about 0.25 wt%, at most about 0.30 wt%, at most about 0.35 wt%, at most about 0.40 wt%, at most about 0.45 wt%, at most about 0.50 wt%, at most about 0.55 wt%, at most about 0.60 wt%, at most about 0.65 wt%, at most about 0.70 wt%, at most about 0.75 wt%, at most about 0.80 wt%, at most about 0.85 wt%, at most about 0.90 wt%, at most about 0.95 wt%, at most about 1.0 wt%, at most about 1.1 wt%, at most about 1.2 wt%, at most about 1.3 wt%, at most about 1.4 wt%, at most about 1.5 wt%, at most about 1.6 wt%, at most about 1.7 wt%, at most about 1.8 wt%, at most about 1.9 wt%, or at most about 2.0 wt%.

[0079] In some embodiments, the bait composition is an agrochemical composition. In some embodiments, the bait composition is in a form selected from a premix and a tank mix. In some embodiments, the bait composition is in a form of a premix. In some embodiments, the bait composition is a sprayable composition.

[0080] In some embodiments, the bait composition is capable of controlling phytophagous insects. Phytophagous insects refers to invertebrate pests causing injury to plants by feeding upon them, such as by eating foliage, stem, leaf, fruit or seed tissue or by sucking the vascular juices of plants. Leaf feeders may be external (exophytic) or they may mine the tissues, sometimes even specializing on a particular cell type. There are phytophagous insect species in the majority of insect orders, including Hemiptera, Thysanoptera, Orthoptera, Lepidoptera, Coleoptera, Heteroptera, Hymenoptera, and Diptera.

[0081] Examples of agronomic or nonagronomic invertebrate pests include eggs, larvae and adults of the order Lepidoptera, such as armyworms, cutworms, loopers, and heliothines in the family Noctuidae (e.g., pink stem borer (Sesamia inferens Walker), corn stalk borer (Sesamia nonagrioides Lefebvre), southern armyworm (Spodoptera eridania Cramer), fall armyworm (Spodoptera frugiperda J. E. Smith), beet armyworm (Spodoptera exigua Hübner), cotton leafworm (Spodoptera littoralis Boisduval), yellowstriped armyworm (Spodoptera ornithogalli Guenée), black cutworm (Agrotis ipsilon Hufnagel), velvetbean caterpillar (Anticarsiagemmatalis Hübner), green fruitworm (Lithophane antennata Walker), cabbage armyworm (Barathra brassicae Linnaeus), soybean looper (Pseudoplusia includens Walker), cabbage looper (Trichoplusia ni Hübner), tobacco budworm (Heliothis virescens Fabricius)); borers, casebearers, webworms, coneworms, cabbageworms and skeletonizers from the family Pyralidae (e.g., European corn borer (Ostrinia nubilalis Hübner), navel orangeworm (Amyelois transitella Walker), corn root webworm (Crambus caliginosellus Clemens), sod webworms (Pyralidae: Crambinae) such as sod worm (Herpetogramma licarsisalis Walker), sugarcane stem borer (Chilo infuscatellus Snellen), tomato small borer (Neoleucinodes elegantalis Guenée), green leafroller (Cnaphalocrocis medinalis), grape leaffolder (Desmia funeralis Hübner), melon worm (Diaphania nitidalis Stoll), cabbage center grub (Helluala hydralis Guenée), yellow stem borer (Scirpophaga incertulas Walker), early shoot borer (Scirpophaga infuscatellus Snellen), white stem borer (Scirpophaga innotata Walker), top shoot borer (Scirpophaga nivella Fabricius), dark-headed rice borer (Chilo polychrysus Meyrick), striped riceborer (Chilo suppressalis Walker), cabbage cluster caterpillar (Crocidolomia binotalis English)); leafrollers, budworms, seed worms, and fruit worms in the family Tortricidae (e.g., codling moth (Cydia pomonella Linnaeus), grape berry moth (Endopiza viteana Clemens), oriental fruit moth (Grapholita molesta Busck), citrus false codling moth (Cryptophlebia leucotreta Meyrick), citrus borer (Ecdytolopha aurantiana Lima), redbanded leafroller (Argyrotaenia velutinana Walker), obliquebanded leafroller (Choristoneura rosaceana Harris), light brown apple moth (Epiphyas postvittana Walker), European grape berry moth (Eupoecilia ambiguella Hübner), apple bud moth (Pandemis pyrusana Kearfott), omnivorous leafroller (Platynota stultana Walsingham), barred fruit-tree tortrix (Pandemis cerasana Hübner), apple brown tortrix (Pandemis heparana Denis & Schiffermüller)); and many other economically important lepidoptera (e.g., diamond back moth (Plutella xylostella Linnaeus), pink bollworm (Pectinophora gossypiella Saunders), gypsy moth (Lymantria dispar Linnaeus), peach fruit borer (Carposina niponensis Walsingham), peach twig borer (Anarsia lineatella Zeller), potato tuberworm (Phthorimaea operculella Zeller), spotted teniform leafminer (Lithocolletis blancardella Fabricius), Asiatic apple leafminer (Lithocolletis ringoniella Matsumura), rice leaffolder (Lerodea eufala Edwards), apple leafminer (Leucoptera scitella Zeller)); eggs, nymphs and adults of the order Blattodea including cockroaches from the families Blattellidae and Blattidae (e.g., oriental cockroach (Blatta orientalis Linnaeus), Asian cockroach (Blatella asahinai Mizukubo), German cockroach(Blattella germanica Linnaeus), brownbanded cockroach (Supella longipalpa Fabricius), American cockroach (Periplaneta americana Linnaeus), brown cockroach (Periplaneta brunnea Burmeister), Madeira cockroach (Leucophaea maderae Fabricius)), smoky brown cockroach (Periplaneta fuliginosa Service), Australian Cockroach (Periplaneta australasiae Fabr.), lobster cockroach (Nauphoeta cinerea Olivier) and smooth cockroach (Symploce pallens Stephens)); eggs, foliar feeding, fruit feeding, root feeding, seed feeding and vesicular tissue feeding larvae and adults of the order Coleoptera including weevils from the families Anthribidae, Bruchidae, and Curculionidae (e.g., boll weevil (Anthonomus grandis Boheman), rice water weevil (Lissorhoptrus oryzophilus Kuschel), granary weevil (Sitophilus granarius Linnaeus), rice weevil (Sitophilus oryzae Linnaeus)), annual bluegrass weevil (Listronotus maculicollis Dietz), bluegrass billbug (Sphenophorus parvulus Gyllenhal), hunting billbug (Sphenophorus venatus vestitus), Denver billbug (Sphenophorus cicatristriatus Fahraeus)); flea beetles, cucumber beetles, rootworms, leaf beetles, potato beetles, and leafminers in the family Chrysomelidae (e.g., Colorado potato beetle (Leptinotarsa decemlineata Say), western corn rootworm (Diabrotica virgifera LeConte)); chafers and other beetles from the family Scarabaeidae (e.g., Japanese beetle (Popillia japonica Newman), oriental beetle (Anomala orientalis Waterhouse, Exomala orientalis (Waterhouse) Baraud), northern masked chafer (Cyclocephala borealis Arrow), southern masked chafer (Cyclocephala immaculata Olivier or C. lurida Bland), dung beetle and white grub (Aphodius spp.), black turfgrass ataenius (Ataenius spretulus Haldeman), green June beetle (Cotinis nitida Linnaeus), Asiatic garden beetle (Maladera castanea Arrow), May / June beetles (Phyllophaga spp.) and European chafer (Rhizotrogus majalis Razoumowsky)); carpet beetles from the family Dermestidae; wireworms from the family Elateridae; bark beetles from the family Scolytidae and flour beetles from the family Tenebrionidae.

[0082] In addition, agronomic and nonagronomic pests include: eggs, adults and larvae of the order Dermaptera including earwigs from the family Forficulidae (e.g., European earwig (Forficula auricularia Linnaeus), black earwig (Chelisoches morio Fabricius)); eggs, immatures, adults and nymphs of the orders Hemiptera and Homoptera such as, plant bugs from the family Miridae, cicadas from the family Cicadidae, leafhoppers (e.g. Empoasca spp.) from the family Cicadellidae, potato leafhoppers, bed bugs (e.g., Cimex lectularius Linnaeus) from the family Cimicidae, planthoppers from the families Fulgoroidae and Delphacidae, treehoppers from thefamily Membracidae, psyllids from the family Psyllidae, whiteflies from the family Aleyrodidae, aphids from the family Aphididae, phylloxera from the family Phylloxeridae, mealybugs from the family Pseudococcidae, scales from the families Coccidae, Diaspididae and Margarodidae, lace bugs from the family Tingidae, stink bugs from the family Pentatomidae, chinch bugs (e.g., hairy chinch bug (Blissus leucopterus hirtus Montandon) and southern chinch bug (Blissus insularis Barber)) and other seed bugs from the family Lygaeidae, spittlebugs from the family Cercopidae squash bugs from the family Coreidae, and red bugs and cotton stainers from the family Pyrrhocoridae.

[0083] Agronomic and nonagronomic pests also include: eggs, larvae, nymphs and adults of the order Acari (mites) such as spider mites and red mites in the family Tetranychidae (e.g., European red mite (Panonychus ulmi Koch), two spotted spider mite (Tetranychus urticae Koch), McDaniel mite (Tetranychus mcdanieli McGregor)); flat mites in the family Tenuipalpidae (e.g., citrus flat mite (Brevipalpus lewisi McGregor)); rust and bud mites in the family Eriophyidae and other foliar feeding mites and mites important in human and animal health, i.e., dust mites in the family Epidermoptidae, follicle mites in the family Demodicidae, grain mites in the family Glycyphagidae; ticks in the family Ixodidae, commonly known as hard ticks (e.g., deer tick (Ixodes scapularis Say), Australian paralysis tick (Ixodes holocyclus Neumann), American dog tick (Dermacentor variabilis Say), lone star tick (Amblyomma americanum Linnaeus)) and ticks in the family Argasidae, commonly known as soft ticks (e.g., relapsing fever tick (Ornithodoros turicata), common fowl tick (Argas radiatus)); scab and itch mites in the families Psoroptidae, Pyemotidae, and Sarcoptidae; eggs, adults and immatures of the order Orthoptera including grasshoppers, locusts and crickets (e.g., migratory grasshoppers (e.g., Melanoplus sanguinipes Fabricius, M. differentialis Thomas), American grasshoppers (e.g., Schistocerca americana Drury), desert locust (Schistocerca gregaria Forskal), migratory locust (Locusta migratoria Linnaeus), bush locust (Zonocerus spp.), house cricket (Acheta domesticus Linnaeus), mole crickets (e.g., tawny mole cricket (Scapteriscus vicinus Scudder) and southern mole cricket (Scapteriscus borellii Giglio-Tos)); eggs, adults and immatures of the order Diptera including leafminers (e.g., Liriomyza spp. such as serpentine vegetable leafminer (Liriomyza sativae Blanchard)), midges, fruit flies (Tephritidae), frit flies (e.g., Oscinella frit Linnaeus), soil maggots, house flies (e.g., Musca domestica Linnaeus), lesser house flies (e.g., Fannia canicularis Linnaeus, F. femoralis Stein), stable flies (e.g., Stomoxys calcitrans Linnaeus), faceflies, horn flies, blow flies (e.g., Chrysomya spp., Phormia spp.), and other muscoid fly pests, horse flies (e.g., Tabanus spp.), bot flies (e.g., Gastrophilus spp., Oestrus spp.), cattle grubs (e.g., Hypoderma spp.), deer flies (e.g., Chrysops spp.), keds (e.g., Melophagus ovinus Linnaeus) and other Brachycera, mosquitoes (e.g., Aedes spp., Anopheles spp., Culex spp.), black flies (e.g., Prosimulium spp., Simulium spp.), biting midges, sand flies, sciarids, and other Nematocera; eggs, adults and immatures of the order Thysanoptera including onion thrips (Thrips tabaci Lindeman), flower thrips (Frankliniella spp.), and other foliar feeding thrips; insect pests of the order Hymenoptera including ants of the Family Formicidae including the Florida carpenter ant (Camponotus floridanus Buckley), red carpenter ant (Camponotus ferrugineus Fabricius), black carpenter ant (Camponotus pennsylvanicus De Geer), white-footed ant (Technomyrmex albipes fr. Smith), big headed ants (Pheidole sp.), ghost ant (Tapinoma melanocephalum Fabricius); Pharaoh ant (Monomorium pharaonis Linnaeus), little fire ant (Wasmannia auropunctata Roger), fire ant (Solenopsis geminata Fabricius), red imported fire ant (Solenopsis invicta Buren), Argentine ant (Iridomyrmex humilis Mayr), crazy ant (Paratrechina longicornis Latreille), pavement ant (Tetramorium caespitum Linnaeus), cornfield ant (Lasius alienus Förster) and odorous house ant (Tapinoma sessile Say). Other Hymenoptera including bees (including carpenter bees), hornets, yellow jackets, wasps, and sawflies (Neodiprion spp.; Cephus spp.); insect pests of the order Isoptera including termites in the Termitidae (e.g., Macrotermes sp., Odontotermes obesus Rambur), Kalotermitidae (e.g., Cryptotermes sp.), and Rhinotermitidae (e.g., Reticulitermes sp., Coptotermes sp., Heterotermes tenuis Hagen) families, the eastern subterranean termite (Reticulitermes flavipes Kollar), western subterranean termite (Reticulitermes hesperus Banks), Formosan subterranean termite (Coptotermes formosanus Shiraki), West Indian drywood termite (Incisitermes immigrans Snyder), powder post termite (Cryptotermes brevis Walker), drywood termite (Incisitermes snyderi Light), southeastern subterranean termite (Reticulitermes virginicus Banks), western drywood termite (Incisitermes minor Hagen), arboreal termites such as Nasutitermes sp. and other termites of economic importance; insect pests of the order Thysanura such as silverfish (Lepisma saccharina Linnaeus) and firebrat (Thermobia domestica Packard); insect pests of the order Mallophaga and including the head louse (Pediculus humanus capitis De Geer), body louse (Pediculus humanus Linnaeus), chicken body louse (Menacanthus stramineus Nitszch), dog biting louse (Trichodectes canis De Geer), fluff louse (Goniocotes gallinae De Geer), sheep body louse(Bovicola ovis Schrank), short-nosed cattle louse (Haematopinus eurysternus Nitzsch), long- nosed cattle louse (Linognathus vituli Linnaeus) and other sucking and chewing parasitic lice that attack man and animals; insect pests of the order Siphonoptera including the oriental rat flea (Xenopsylla cheopis Rothschild), cat flea (Ctenocephalides felis Bouche), dog flea (Ctenocephalides canis Curtis), hen flea (Ceratophyllus gallinae Schrank), sticktight flea (Echidnophaga gallinacea Westwood), human flea (Pulex irritans Linnaeus) and other fleas afflicting mammals and birds. Additional arthropod pests covered include: spiders in the order Araneae such as the brown recluse spider (Loxosceles reclusa Gertsch & Mulaik) and the black widow spider (Latrodectus mactans Fabricius), and centipedes in the order Scutigeromorpha such as the house centipede (Scutigera coleoptrata Linnaeus).

[0084] Examples of invertebrate pests of stored grain include larger grain borer (Prostephanus truncatus), lesser grain borer (Rhyzopertha dominica), rice weevil (Stiophilus oryzae), maize weevil (Stiophilus zeamais), cowpea weevil (Callosobruchus maculatus), red flour beetle (Tribolium castaneum), granary weevil (Stiophilus granarius), Indian meal moth (Plodia interpunctella), Mediterranean flour beetle (Ephestia kuhniella) and flat or rusty grain beetle (Cryptolestis ferrugineus).

[0085] Compositions produced according to the present disclosure may have activity on members of the Classes Nematoda, Cestoda, Trematoda, and Acanthocephala including economically important members of the orders Strongylida, Ascaridida, Oxyurida, Rhabditida, Spirurida, and Enoplida such as but not limited to economically important agricultural pests (i.e., root knot nematodes in the genus Meloidogyne, lesion nematodes in the genus Pratylenchus, stubby root nematodes in the genus Trichodorus, etc.) and animal and human health pests (i.e., all economically important flukes, tapeworms, and roundworms, such as Strongylus vulgaris in horses, Toxocara canis in dogs, Haemonchus contortus in sheep, Dirofilaria immitis Leidy in dogs, Anoplocephala perfoliata in horses, Fasciola hepatica Linnaeus in ruminants, etc.).

[0086] Compositions produced according to the disclosure may have activity against pests in the order Lepidoptera (e.g., Alabama argillacea Hübner (cotton leaf worm), Archips argyrospila Walker (fruit tree leaf roller), A. rosana Linnaeus (European leaf roller) and other Archips species, Chilo suppressalis Walker (rice stem borer), Cnaphalocrosis medinalis Guenée(rice leaf roller), Crambus caliginosellus Clemens (corn root webworm), Crambus teterrellus Zincken (bluegrass webworm), Cydia pomonella Linnaeus (codling moth), Earias insulana Boisduval (spiny bollworm), Earias vittella Fabricius (spotted bollworm), Helicoverpa armigera Hübner (American bollworm), Helicoverpa zea Boddie (corn earworm), Heliothis virescens Fabricius (tobacco budworm), Herpetogramma licarsisalis Walker (sod webworm), Lobesia botrana Denis & Schiffermüller (grape berry moth), Pectinophora gossypiella Saunders (pink bollworm), Phyllocnistis citrella Stainton (citrus leafminer), Pieris brassicae Linnaeus (large white butterfly), Pieris rapae Linnaeus (small white butterfly), Plutella xylostella Linnaeus (diamond back moth), Spodoptera exigua Hübner (beet armyworm), Spodoptera litura Fabricius (tobacco cutworm, cluster caterpillar), Spodoptera frugiperda J. E. Smith (fall armyworm), Trichoplusia ni Hübner (cabbage looper) and Tuta absoluta Meyrick (tomato leafminer)).

[0087] Compositions produced according to the disclosure may have significant activity on members from the order Homoptera including: Acyrthosiphon pisum Harris (pea aphid), Aphis craccivora Koch (cowpea aphid), Aphis fabae Scopoli (black bean aphid), Aphis gossypii Glover (cotton aphid, melon aphid), Aphis pomi De Geer (apple aphid), Aphis spiraecola Patch (spirea aphid), Aulacorthum solani Kaltenbach (foxglove aphid), Chaetosiphon fragaefolii Cockerell (strawberry aphid), Diuraphis noxia Kurdjumov / Mordvilko (Russian wheat aphid), Dysaphis plantaginea Paaserini (rosy apple aphid), Eriosoma lanigerum Hausmann (woolly apple aphid), Hyalopterus pruni Geoffroy (mealy plum aphid), Lipaphis erysimi Kaltenbach (turnip aphid), Metopolophium dirrhodum Walker (cereal aphid), Macrosiphum euphorbiae Thomas (potato aphid), Myzus persicae Sulzer (peach-potato aphid, green peach aphid), Nasonovia ribisnigri Mosley (lettuce aphid), Pemphigus spp. (root aphids and gall aphids), Rhopalosiphum maidis Fitch (corn leaf aphid), Rhopalosiphum padi Linnaeus (bird cherry-oat aphid), Schizaphis graminum Rondani (greenbug), Sitobion avenae Fabricius (English grain aphid), Therioaphis maculata Buckton (spotted alfalfa aphid), Toxoptera aurantii Boyer de Fonscolombe (black citrus aphid), and Toxoptera citricida Kirkaldy (brown citrus aphid); Adelges spp. (adelgids); Phylloxera devastatrix Pergande (pecan phylloxera); Bemisia tabaci Gennadius (tobacco whitefly, sweetpotato whitefly), Bemisia argentifolii Bellows & Perring (silverleaf whitefly), Dialeurodes citri Ashmead (citrus whitefly) and Trialeurodes vaporariorum Westwood (greenhouse whitefly); Empoasca fabae Harris (potato leafhopper), Laodelphax striatellus Fallen (smaller brown planthopper), Macrolestes quadrilineatus Forbes(aster leafhopper), Nephotettix cinticeps Uhler (green leafhopper), Nephotettix nigropictus Stål (rice leafhopper), Nilaparvata lugens Stål (brown planthopper), Peregrinus maidis Ashmead (corn planthopper), Sogatella furcifera Horvath (white-backed planthopper), Sogatodes orizicola Muir (rice delphacid), Typhlocyba pomaria McAtee white apple leafhopper, Erythroneoura spp. (grape leafhoppers); Magicidada septendecim Linnaeus (periodical cicada); Icerya purchasi Maskell (cottony cushion scale), Quadraspidiotus perniciosus Comstock (San Jose scale); Planococcus citri Risso (citrus mealybug); Pseudococcus spp. (other mealybug complex); Cacopsylla pyricola Foerster (pear psylla), Trioza diospyri Ashmead (persimmon psylla).

[0088] Compositions produced according to this disclosure also may have activity on members from the order Hemiptera including: Acrosternum hilare Say (green stink bug), Anasa tristis De Geer (squash bug), Blissus leucopterus Say (chinch bug), Cimex lectularius Linnaeus (bed bug) Corythuca gossypii Fabricius (cotton lace bug), Cyrtopeltis modesta Distant (tomato bug), Dysdercus suturellus Herrich-Schäffer (cotton stainer), Euchistus servus Say (brown stink bug), Euchistus variolarius Palisot de Beauvois (one-spotted stink bug), Graptosthetus spp. (complex of seed bugs), Halymorpha halys Stål (brown marmorated stink bug), Leptoglossus corculus Say (leaf-footed pine seed bug), Lygus lineolaris Palisot de Beauvois (tarnished plant bug), Nezara viridula Linnaeus (southern green stink bug), Oebalus pugnax Fabricius (rice stink bug), Oncopeltus fasciatus Dallas (large milkweed bug), Pseudatomoscelis seriatus Reuter (cotton fleahopper). Other insect orders controlled by compounds of the disclosure include Thysanoptera (e.g., Frankliniella occidentalis Pergande (western flower thrips), Scirthothrips citri Moulton (citrus thrips), Sericothrips variabilis Beach (soybean thrips), and Thrips tabaci Lindeman (onion thrips); and the order Coleoptera (e.g., Leptinotarsa decemlineata Say (Colorado potato beetle), Epilachna varivestis Mulsant (Mexican bean beetle) and wireworms of the genera Agriotes, Athous or Limonius).

[0089] In some aspects, the compositions produced according to the disclosure are useful for controlling Western Flower Thrips (Frankliniella occidentalis). In some aspects, the compositions produced according to the disclosure are useful for controlling potato leafhopper (Empoasca fabae). In some aspects, the compositions produced according to the disclosure are useful for controlling cotton melon aphid (Aphis gossypii). In some aspects, the compositions produced according to the disclosure are useful for controlling diamond backmoth (Plutellaxylostella L.). In some aspects, the compositions produced according to the disclosure are useful for controlling Silverleaf Whitefly (Bemisia argentifolii Bellows & Perring).

[0090] In cyantraniliprole aspects of the disclosure, the compositions produced according to the disclosure are effective against Coleoptera, Chrysomelidae, Cerotoma trifurcata bean leaf beetle, Chaetocnema concinna beet flea beetle, Epilachna varivestis Mexican bean beetle, Epitrix cucumeris potato flea beetle, Leptinotarsa decemlineata Colorado potato beetle, Oulema melanopus cereal leaf beetle, Oulema oryzae rice leaf beetle, Phyllotreta cruciiferae cabbage flea beetle, Phyllotreta striolata striped flea beetle, Psylliodes spp. flea beetles, Curculionidae, Anthonomus eugenii pepper weevil, Ceutorhynchus napi cabbage stem weevil, Ceutorhynchus quadridens cabbage seed-stalk curculio, Conotrachelus nenuphar plum curculio, Hypera bruneipennis Egyptian alfalfa weevil, Hypera postica alfalfa weevil, Lissorhoptrus oryzophilus rice water weevil, Nitidulidae, Meligethes aeneus pollen beetle, blossom beetle, Scarabaeidae, Cotinis nitida green June beetle, Phyllophaga spp. June beetles, grubs, Popillia japonica Japanese beetle, Diptera, Agromyzidae, Liromyza chinensis stone leek leafminer, Liromyza huidobrensis pea leafminer, Liriomyza sativae serpentine / vegetable leafminer, Liromyza trifolii American serpentine leafminer, Anthomyiidae, Delia antiqua onion fly, Delia platura seedcorn maggot, Muscidae, Atherigona oryzae rice seedling fly, Psilidae, Psila rosae carrot fly, Tephritidae, Anastrepha fraterculus South American fruit fly, Anastrepha ludens Mexican fruit fly, Anasterpha striata guava fruit fly, Bactrocera cucurbitae melon fly, Bactrocera dorsalis oriental fruit fly, Bactrocera oleae olive fly, Ceratitis capitata Mediterranean fruit fly, Chromatomyia horticola garden pea leafminer, Rhagoletis cerasi cherry fruit fly, Rhagoletis cingulata cherry fruit fly, Rhagoletis indifferens western cherry fruit fly, Rhagoletis pomonella apple maggot, Hemiptera, Aleyrodidae, Aleyrodes proletella cabbage whitefly, Bemisia tabaci sweet potato whitefly, cotton whitefly, Dialeurodes citri citrus whitefly, Trialeurodes vaporariorum, greenhouse whitefly, Aphididae, Acyrthosiphon pisum pea aphid, Aphis craccivora cowpea aphid, Aphis fabae black bean aphid, Aphis glycines soybean aphid, Aphis gossypii cotton aphid, melon aphid, Aphis nasturtii buckthorn aphid, Aphis pomi green apple aphid, Aphis spiraceola spirea aphid, Aulacorthum solani foxglove aphid, Brachycaudus persicae black peach aphid, Brevicoryne brassicae cabbage aphid, Chromaphis juglandicola European walnut aphid, Dysaphis plantaginea rosy apple aphid, Hyalopterus pruni mealy plum aphid, Lipaphis erysimi mustard aphid, turnip aphid, Macrosiphum euphorbiae potato aphid, Myzus persicae green peachaphid, peach potato aphid, Rhopalosiphum padi bird cherry oat aphid, Rhopalosiphum nymphaeae plum aphid, Schizaphis graminum greenbug, Sitobion avenae English grain aphid, Therioaphis maculata spotted alfalfa aphid, Toxoptera citricida brown citrus aphid, oriental citrus aphid, Cicadellidae, Empoasca fabae leafhopper / jassid complex, Empoasca vitis green frogfly, Hortensia similis common green leafhopper, Idioscopus spp. mango leafhopper, Jacobiasca lybica cotton jassid, Nephotettix spp. rice green leafhopper complex, Typhlocyba rosae rose leafhopper, Typhlocyba pomaria white apple leafhopper, Coreidae Leptocorisa oratorius rice bug, rice ear bug, paddy bug, Delphacidae, Nilaparvata lugens rice brown planthopper, Diaspididae, Aonidiella aurantii citrus scale, Flatidae, Metcalfa pruinosa citrus flatid planthopper, Pentatomidae, Euschistus spp. brown stinkbugs, Edessa spp. stink bugs, Psyllidae, Diaphorina citri Asian citrus psyllid, Paratrioza cockerelli potato psyllid, tomato psyllid, Trioza eugeniae eugenia psyllid, lillypilly psyllid, Hymenoptera Tenthredinidae, Hoplocampa testudinea European apple sawfly, Lepidoptera, Crambidae, Scirpophaga incertulas yellow (rice) stemborer, Gelechiidae, Anarsia lineatella peach twig borer, Keiferia lycopersicella tomato pinworm, Pectinophora gossypiella pink bollworm, Tuta absoluta tomato leafminer, Gracillariidae, Gracillaria theivora tea leafroller, Phyllonorycter blancardella spotted tentiform leafminer, Phyllonorycter coryfoliella nut leaf blister moth, Phyllonorycter crataegella apple blotch leafminer, Phyllonorycter ringoniella apple leafminer, Phyllonorycter elmaella western tentiform leafminer, Hesperiidae, Borbo cinara rice leafroller, Lyonetiidae, Leucoptera coffeella white coffee leafminer, Leucoptera scitella pear leaf blister moth, Lyonetia clerkella peach, leaf miner, Noctuidae, Agrotis segetum common cutworm, Alabama argillacea cotton leafworn, Autographa californica alfalfa looper, Barathra brassicae cabbage armyworm, Chrysodeixis chalcites green garden looper, Chrysodeixis eriosoma green semi-looper, Earias insulana Egyptian bollworm, Earias vittella northern rough bollworm, Feltia subterranea granulate cutworm, Helicoverpa armigera American bollworm, cotton bollworm, Helicoverpa punctigera climbing cutworm, Heliothis virescens tobacco budworm, Helicoverpa zea corn earworm, Prodenia ornithogalli yellow-striped armyworm, Pseudaletia unipuncta true armyworm, Pseudoplusia includens soybean looper, Sesamia inferens pink (rice) stemborer, Spodoptera eridania southern armyworm, Spodoptera exigua beet armyworm, Spodoptera frugiperda fall armyworm, Spodoptera littoralis cotton leafworm, Spodoptera litura cluster caterpillar, Thermesia gemmatalis velvetbean caterpillar, Trichoplusia ni cabbage looper, Phyllocnistidae, Phyllocnistiscitrella citrus leafminer, Pieridae, Colias eurytheme alfalfa caterpillar, Leptophobia aripa green- eyed white, Pieris brassicae cabbage butterfly, large white,Pieris rapae imported cabbage worm, cabbage white, Plutellidae, Plutella xylostella diamondback moth, Pyralidae, Chilo suppressalis Asiatic rice stemborer, Cnaphalocerus medinalis rice leaffolder, Crocidolomia binotalis cabbage caterpillar, Desmia funeralis grape leaffolder, Diaphania indica cotton caterpillar, Diaphania nitidaltis melonworm, Hellula hydralis cabbage center grub, Hellula undalis cabbage webworm, Lerodea eufala rice leaffolder, Leucinodes orbonalis brinjal fruit borer, Maruca testulalis bean pod borer, Neoleucinodes elegantalis small tomato borer, Nymphula depunctalis rice caseworm, Ostrinia furnicalis Asian corn borer, Ostrinia nubilalis European corn borer, Sphingidae, Manduca sexta tomato hornworm, tobacco hornworm, Smerinthus spp. sphinx moths, Tortricidae, Adoxophyes orana summer fruit tortrix, Argyrotaenia pulchellana grape tortrix, Argyrotaenia velutinana red-banded leafroller, Choristoneura rosaceana oblique-banded leafroller, Eupoecilia ambiguella grape berry moth, Cydia pomonella codling moth, Cydia prunivora lesser apple worm, Grapholita molesta oriental fruit moth, Lobesia botrana grape vine moth, Pandemis heparana apple brown tortrix, Pandemis limitata three-lined leaf roller, Paramyelois transitella navel orangeworm, Platynota idaeusalis tufted apple bud moth, Platynota stultana omnivorus leafroller, Thysanoptera, Thripidae, Enneothrips flavens, Frankliniella fusca tobacco thrips, Frankliniella intonsa European flower thrips, Frankliniella occidentalis western flower thrips, Frankliniella schultzei common blossom thrips, Frankliniella tritici eastern flower thrips, Megalurothrips sjostedti cowpea thrips, Megalurothrips usitatus bean blossom thrips, Scirthothrips citri citrus thrips, Scirthothrips dorsalis yellow tea thrips, chilli thrips, Sericothrips variabilis soybean thrips, Stenchaetothrips biformis oriental rice thrips, Thrips arizonensis cotton thrips, Thrips meridionalis peach thrips, Thrips palmi melon thrips, and Thrips tabaci onion thrips, common cotton thrips.

[0091] In some cyantraniliprole aspects of the disclosure, the compositions produced according to the disclosure are effective against Leptinotarsa decemlineata Colorado potato beetle, Oulema oryzae rice leaf beetle, Phyllotreta cruciiferae cabbage flea beetle, Phyllotreta striolata striped flea beetle, Psylliodes spp. flea beetles, Anthonomus eugenii pepper weevil, Conotrachelus nenuphar plum curculio, Lissorhoptrus oryzophilus rice water weevil, Meligethes aeneus pollen beetle, blossom beetle, Liromyza chinensis stone leek leafminer, Liromyza huidobrensis pea leafminer, Liriomyza sativae serpentine / vegetable leafminer, Liromyza trifoliiAmerican serpentine leafminer, Delia antiqua onion fly, Delia platura seedcorn maggot, Psila rosae carrot fly, Bactrocera dorsalis oriental fruit fly, Bactrocera oleae olive fly, Ceratitis capitata Mediterranean fruit fly, Rhagoletis indifferens western cherry fruit fly, Rhagoletis pomonella apple maggot, Bemisia tabaci sweet potato whitefly, cotton whitefly, Trialeurodes vaporariorum, greenhouse whitefly, Acyrthosiphon pisum pea aphid, Aphis craccivora cowpea aphid, Aphis fabae black bean aphid, Aphis gossypii cotton aphid, melon aphid, Aphis pomi green apple aphid, Aphis spiraceola spirea aphid, Aulacorthum solani foxglove aphid, Brevicoryne brassicae cabbage aphid, Dysaphis plantaginea rosy apple aphid, Lipaphis erysimi mustard aphid, turnip aphid, Macrosiphum euphorbiae potato aphid, Myzus persicae green peach aphid, peach potato aphid, Rhopalosiphum padi bird cherry oat aphid, Schizaphis graminum greenbug, Sitobion avenae English grain aphid, Toxoptera citricida brown citrus aphid, oriental citrus aphid, Empoasca vitis green frogfly, Idioscopus spp. mango leafhopper, Nilaparvata lugens rice brown planthopper, Aonidiella aurantii citrus scale, Euschistus spp. brown stinkbugs, Diaphorina citri Asian citrus psyllid, Paratrioza cockerelli potato psyllid, tomato psyllid, Scirpophaga incertulas yellow (rice) stemborer, Anarsia lineatella peach twig borer, Tuta absoluta tomato leafminer, Leucoptera coffeella white coffee leafminer, Alabama argillacea cotton leafworn, Helicoverpa armigera American bollworm, cotton bollworm, Helicoverpa punctigera climbing cutworm, Heliothis virescens tobacco budworm, Helicoverpa zea corn earworm, Pseudoplusia includens soybean looper, Sesamia inferens pink (rice) stemborer, Spodoptera eridania southern armyworm, Spodoptera exigua beet armyworm, Spodoptera frugiperda fall armyworm, Spodoptera littoralis cotton leafworm, Spodoptera litura cluster caterpillar, Thermesia gemmatalis velvetbean caterpillar, Trichoplusia ni cabbage looper, Phyllocnistis citrella citrus leafminer, Pieris brassicae cabbage butterfly, large white,Pieris rapae imported cabbage worm, cabbage white, Plutella xylostella diamondback moth, Chilo suppressalis Asiatic rice stemborer, Cnaphalocerus medinalis rice leaffolder, Leucinodes orbonalis brinjal fruit borer, Ostrinia furnicalis Asian corn borer, Ostrinia nubilalis European corn borer, Choristoneura rosaceana oblique-banded leafroller, Eupoecilia ambiguella grape berry moth, Cydia pomonella codling moth, Grapholita molesta oriental fruit moth, Lobesia botrana grape vine moth, Frankliniella fusca tobacco thrips, Frankliniella intonsa European flower thrips, Frankliniella occidentalis western flower thrips, Scirthothrips citri citrus thrips, Scirthothrips dorsalis yellow tea thrips, chilli thrips, Thrips palmi melon thrips, and Thrips tabaci onion thrips, common cotton thrips.

[0092] In some cyantraniliprole aspects of the disclosure, the compositions produced according to the disclosure are effective against Conotrachelus nenuphar plum curculio, Liromyza huidobrensis pea leafminer, Liriomyza sativae serpentine / vegetable leafminer, Liromyza trifolii American serpentine leafminer, Bemisia tabaci sweet potato whitefly, cotton whitefly, Trialeurodes vaporariorum, greenhouse whitefly, Acyrthosiphon pisum pea aphid, Aphis craccivora cowpea aphid, Aphis gossypii cotton aphid, melon aphid, Brevicoryne brassicae cabbage aphid, Dysaphis plantaginea rosy apple aphid, Myzus persicae green peach aphid, peach potato aphid, Diaphorina citri Asian citrus psyllid, Paratrioza cockerelli potato psyllid, tomato psyllid, Scirpophaga incertulas yellow (rice) stemborer, Anarsia lineatella peach twig borer, Tuta absoluta tomato leafminer, Leucoptera coffeella white coffee leafminer, Alabama argillacea cotton leafworn, Helicoverpa armigera American bollworm, cotton bollworm, Helicoverpa punctigera climbing cutworm, Heliothis virescens tobacco budworm, Helicoverpa zea corn earworm, Pseudoplusia includens soybean looper, Sesamia inferens pink (rice) stemborer, Spodoptera eridania southern armyworm, Spodoptera exigua beet armyworm, Spodoptera frugiperda fall armyworm, Spodoptera littoralis cotton leafworm, Spodoptera litura cluster caterpillar, Phyllocnistis citrella citrus leafminer, Plutella xylostella diamondback moth, Chilo suppressalis Asiatic rice stemborer, Cnaphalocerus medinalis rice leaffolder, Choristoneura rosaceana oblique-banded leafroller, Eupoecilia ambiguella grape berry moth, Cydia pomonella codling moth, Grapholita molesta oriental fruit moth, Lobesia botrana grape vine moth, Frankliniella fusca tobacco thrips, Frankliniella occidentalis western flower thrips, Scirthothrips dorsalis yellow tea thrips, chilli thrips, Thrips palmi melon thrips, and Thrips tabaci onion thrips, common cotton thrips.

[0093] In chlorantraniliprole aspects of the disclosure, the compositions produced according to the disclosure are effective against: Coleoptera (Chrysomelida, Leptinotarsa decemlineata Colorado potato beetle, Curculionidae, Lissorhoptrus oryzophilus rice water weevil, Listronotus maculicollis annual bluegrass weevil, Oryzophagus oryzae rice water weevil, Sphenophorus spp. Billbug, Scarabaeidae Ataenius spretulus black turfgrass ataenius, Aphodius spp. scarab beetles, Cotinis nitida green June beetle, Cyclocephala spp. masked chafers, Exomala orientalis oriental beetle grub, Maladera castanea Asiatic garden beetle, Phyllophaga spp. June beetles, Popillia japonica Japanese beetle, and Rhizotrogus majalis European chafer); Diptera (Agromyzidae, Chromatomyia horticola garden pea leafminer, and Liriomyza spp. Leafminers);Hemiptera (Aleyrodidae, Bemisia spp. Whitefly, Trialeurodes abutiloneus bandedwinged whitefly, Cicadellidae, and Typhlocyba pomaria white apple leafhopper); Isoptera (Rhinotermitidae, Heterotermes tenuis sugarcane termite, Termitidae, Microtermes obesi sugarcane termite, and Odontotermes obesus sugarcane termite); and Lepidoptera (Arctiidae, Estigmene acrea saltmarsh caterpillar, Crambidae, Achyra rantalis garden webworm, Desmia funeralis grape leaffolder, Ostrinia nubilalis European corn borer, Gelechiidae, Anarsia lineatella peach twig borer, Keiferia lycopersicella tomato pinworm, Phthorimaea operculella potato tuberworm, Tuta absoluta S. American tomato pinworm, Geometridae, Operophthera brumata winter moth, Gracilaridae, Phyllocnistis citrella citrus leafminer, Lithocolletis ringoniella apple leafminer, Phyllonorycter blancardella spotted tentiform leafminer, Lyonetidae, Leucoptera spp. (ie: malifoliella, coffeella) coffee leafminer, pear leaf blister moth, Noctuidae, Agrotis ipsilon black cutworm, Alabama argillacea cotton leafworm, Amphipyra pyramidoides humped green fruitworm, Anticarsia gemmatalis velvetbean caterpillar, Autographa gamma common silver Y moth, Barathra brassicae cabbage armyworm, Earias spp. (ie: huegeliana, insulana, vitella) rough, spiny, northern rough bollworm, Helicoverpa spp. (ie: armigera, punctigera, zea) bollworms / budworms / fruitworms, Heliothis virescens tobacco budworm, Lithophane antennata green fruitworm, Mamestra brassicae cabbage moth, Orthosia hibisci green fruitworm, Phalaenoides glycinae grape vine moth, Phytometra acuta tomato semi-looper, Pseudoplusia includens soybean looper, Spodoptera spp. (ie: exigua, frugiperda, littoralis) beet armyworm, fall armyworm, Egyptian cotton leafworm, Trichoplusia ni cabbage looper, Pieridae, Pieris spp. (ie: brassica, rapae) large white, imported cabbageworm, Plutellidae, Plutella xylostella diamondback moth, Pyralidae, Amyelois transitella navel orangeworm, Chilo spp. (ie: infuscatellus, polychrysus, suppressalis) sugarcane / rice stem borers, Cnaphalocrocis medinalis rice leafroller, Crambus spp. sod webworm, Crocidolomia binotalis cabbage cluster caterpillar, Diaphania spp. (ie: hyalinata, nitidalis) melonworm, pickleworm, Diatraea saccharalis, Brazilian sugarcane borer, Elasmopalpus lignosellus lesser stalk borer, Evergestis rimosalis cross-stripped cabbageworm, Hedylepta indicata soybean leaffolder,Hellula spp. (ie: hydralis, undalis) cabbage centre–grub, cabbage webworm, Leucinodes orbonalis eggplant shoot and fruit borer, Maruca spp. pod borer, Neoleucinodes elegantalis tomato small borer, Scirpophaga spp. sugarcane / rice stem borer, Sesamia spp. (ie: inferens, nonagrioides) pink stem borer / corn stalk borer, Sphingidae, Manduca spp. (ie: quinquemaculata, sexta) tomato / tobacco hornworm, Tortricidae,Adoxophyes orana summer fruit tortrix, Argyrotaenia spp. (ie: pulchellana, velutinana) grape tortrix, redbanded leafroller, Bonagota cranaodes Brazilian apple leafroller, Carposina spp. (ie: niponensis, sasaki) peach fruit borer, peach fruit moth, Choristoneura rosaceana obliquebanded leafroller,Cryptophlebia leucotreta false codling moth, Cydia pomonella codling moth, Ecdytolopha aurantiana citrus borer, Endopiza vitana grape berry moth, Epiphyas postvittana light brown apple moth, Eupoecilia ambiguella European grape berry moth, Grapholita molesta oriental fruit moth, Lobesia botrana European grapevine moth, Pandemis spp. (ie: cerasana, heparana, barred fruit tree tortrix, limitata, pyrusana) apple brown tortrix, three-lined leafroller, apple pandemic, Platynota spp. (ie: idaeusalis, stultana) tufted apple bud moth, omnivorous leafroller, Zygaenidae, and Harrisina spp. (ie: americana, brillians) grapeleaf / western grapeleaf skeletonizer).

[0094] In some chlorantraniliprole aspects of the disclosure, the compositions produced according to the disclosure are effective against: Leptinotarsa decemlineata Colorado potato beetle, Liriomyza spp. Leafminers, Bemisia spp. Whitefly, Trialeurodes abutiloneus bandedwinged whitefly, Heterotermes tenuis sugarcane termite, Microtermes obesi sugarcane termite, and Odontotermes obesus sugarcane termite), Ostrinia nubilalis European corn borer, Anarsia lineatella peach twig borer, Phthorimaea operculella potato tuberworm, Tuta absoluta S. American tomato pinworm, Phyllocnistis citrella citrus leafminer, Phyllonorycter blancardella spotted tentiform leafminer, Leucoptera spp. (ie: malifoliella, coffeella) coffee leafminer, Agrotis ipsilon black cutworm, Alabama argillacea cotton leafworm, Anticarsia gemmatalis velvetbean caterpillar, Helicoverpa spp. (ie: armigera, punctigera, zea) bollworms / budworms / fruitworms, Heliothis virescens tobacco budworm, Pseudoplusia includens soybean looper, Spodoptera spp. (ie: exigua, frugiperda, littoralis) beet armyworm, fall armyworm, Egyptian cotton leafworm, Trichoplusia ni cabbage looper, Pieris spp. (ie: brassica, rapae) large white, imported cabbageworm, Plutella xylostella diamondback moth, Amyelois transitella navel orangeworm, Chilo spp. (ie: infuscatellus, polychrysus, suppressalis) sugarcane / rice stem borers, Cnaphalocrocis medinalis rice leafroller, Diatraea saccharalis, Brazilian sugarcane borer, Leucinodes orbonalis eggplant shoot and fruit borer, Scirpophaga spp. sugarcane / rice stem borer, Sesamia spp. (ie: inferens, nonagrioides) pink stem borer / corn stalk borer, Carposina spp. (ie: niponensis, sasaki) peach fruit borer, peach fruit moth, Choristoneura rosaceana obliquebandedleafroller, Cydia pomonella codling moth, Eupoecilia ambiguella European grape berry moth, Grapholita molesta oriental fruit moth, and Lobesia botrana European grapevine moth.

[0095] In some chlorantraniliprole aspects of the disclosure, the compositions produced according to the disclosure are effective against: Liriomyza spp. Leafminers, Bemisia spp. Whitefly, Trialeurodes abutiloneus bandedwinged whitefly, Heterotermes tenuis sugarcane termite, Microtermes obesi sugarcane termite, and Odontotermes obesus sugarcane termite), Ostrinia nubilalis European corn borer, Anarsia lineatella peach twig borer, Tuta absoluta S. American tomato pinworm, Anticarsia gemmatalis velvetbean caterpillar, Helicoverpa spp. (ie: armigera, punctigera, zea) bollworms / budworms / fruitworms, Heliothis virescens tobacco budworm, Pseudoplusia includens soybean looper, Spodoptera spp. (ie: exigua, frugiperda, littoralis) beet armyworm, fall armyworm, Egyptian cotton leafworm, Plutella xylostella diamondback moth, Amyelois transitella navel orangeworm, Chilo spp. (ie: infuscatellus, polychrysus, suppressalis) sugarcane / rice stem borers, Cnaphalocrocis medinalis rice leafroller, Diatraea saccharalis, Brazilian sugarcane borer, Scirpophaga spp. sugarcane / rice stem borer, Sesamia spp. (ie: inferens, nonagrioides) pink stem borer / corn stalk borer, Cydia pomonella codling moth, Grapholita molesta oriental fruit moth, and Lobesia botrana European grapevine moth.

[0096] In some embodiments, the pest is selected from, but not limited to, the group consisting of pests of the family Tephritidae, fruit flies, Anastrepha fraterculus South American fruit fly, Anastrepha ludens Mexican fruit fly, Anasterpha striata guava fruit fly, Bactrocera cucurbitae melon fly, Bactrocera dorsalis oriental fruit fly, Bactrocera oleae olive fly, Ceratitis capitata Mediterranean fruit fly, Chromatomyia horticola garden pea leafminer, Rhagoletis cerasi cherry fruit fly, Rhagoletis cingulata cherry fruit fly, Rhagoletis indifferens western cherry fruit fly, Rhagoletis pomonella apple maggot, and combinations thereof.

[0097] The compositions produced according to the present disclosure are useful for protecting agronomic field crops other non-agronomic horticultural crops and plants from phytophagous invertebrate pests. This utility includes protecting crops and other plants (i.e., both agronomic and nonagronomic) that contain genetic material introduced by genetic engineering (i.e., transgenic) or modified by mutagenesis to provide advantageous traits.Examples of such traits include tolerance to herbicides, resistance to phytophagous pests (e.g., insects, mites, aphids, spiders, nematodes, snails, plant-pathogenic fungi, bacteria and viruses), improved plant growth, increased tolerance of adverse growing conditions such as high or low temperatures, low or high soil moisture, and high salinity, increased flowering or fruiting, greater harvest yields, more rapid maturation, higher quality and / or nutritional value of the harvested product, or improved storage or process properties of the harvested products. Transgenic plants can be modified to express multiple traits. Examples of plants containing traits provided by genetic engineering or mutagenesis include varieties of corn, cotton, soybean and potato expressing an insecticidal Bacillus thuringiensis toxin such as YIELD GARD®, KNOCKOUT®,STARLINK®, BOLLGARD®, NuCOTN®and NEWLEAF®, INVICTA RR2 PROTM, andherbicide-tolerant varieties of corn, cotton, soybean and rapeseed such as ROUNDUP READY®, LIBERTY LINK®, IMI®, STS®and CLEARFIELD®, as well as crops expressing N- acetyltransferase (GAT) to provide resistance to glyphosate herbicide, or crops containing the HRA gene providing resistance to herbicides inhibiting acetolactate synthase (ALS). The compositions produced according to the present disclosure may interact synergistically with traits introduced by genetic engineering or modified by mutagenesis, thus enhancing phenotypic expression or effectiveness of the traits or increasing the invertebrate pest control effectiveness of the present compounds and compositions. In particular, the compositions produced according to the present disclosure may interact synergistically with the phenotypic expression of proteins or other natural products toxic to invertebrate pests to provide greater-than-additive control of these pests, i.e., produce a combined effect greater than the sum of their separate effects.

[0098] Plants within the scope of the present disclosure include crops, vegetables, fruits, trees other than fruit trees, lawn, and other uses (flowers, biofuel plants and ornamental foliage). Crops include: corn, rice, wheat, barley, rye, oat, sorghum, cotton, soybean, peanut, buckwheat, beet, rapeseed, sunflower, sugar cane, tobacco, and others known in the art. Vegetables include: solanaceous vegetables (for example, eggplant, tomato, pimento, pepper and potato); cucurbitaceous vegetables (for example, cucumber, pumpkin, zucchini, water melon, and melon); cruciferous vegetables (for example, Japanese radish, white turnip, horseradish, kohlrabi, Chinese cabbage, cabbage, leaf mustard, broccoli, and cauliflower); asteraceous vegetables (for example, burdock, crown daisy, artichoke and lettuce); liliaceous vegetables (forexample, green onion, onion, garlic and asparagus); ammiaceous vegetables (for example, carrot, parsley, celery and parsnip); chenopodiaceous vegetables (for example, spinach and Swiss chard); and lamiaceous vegetables (for example, Perilla frutescens, mint and basil). Fruits include: pomaceous fruits (for example, apple, pear, Japanese pear, Chinese quince and quince); stone fleshy fruits (for example, peach, plum, nectarine, Prunus mume, cherry fruit, apricot and prune); citrus fruits (for example, Citrus unshiu, orange, lemon, lime and grapefruit); nuts (for example, chestnut, walnuts, hazelnuts, almond, pistachio, cashew nuts and macadamia nuts); berry fruits (for example, blueberry, cranberry, blackberry, strawberry, and raspberry); grape; kaki; persimmon; olive; Japanese plum; banana; coffee; date palm; coconuts; and oil palm. Trees other than fruit trees include: tea; mulberry; and other trees (for example, ash, birch, dogwood, Eucalyptus, Ginkgo biloba, lilac, maple, Quercus, poplar, Judas tree, Liquidambar formosana, plane tree, zelkova, Japanese arborvitae, fir wood, hemlock, juniper, Pinus, Picea, Taxus cuspidate, elm and Japanese horse chestnut), Sweet viburnum, Podocarpus macrophyllus, Japanese cedar, Japanese cypress, croton, Japanese spindletree, and Photinia glabra). Lawn uses include: sods (for example, Zoysia japonica, Zoysia matrella); bermudagrasses; bent grasses; festucae; ryegrasses. Flower uses include: rose, carnation, chrysanthemum, Eustoma, gypsophila, gerbera, marigold, salvia, petunia, verbena, tulip, aster, gentian, lily, pansy, cyclamen, orchid, lily of the valley, lavender, stock, ornamental cabbage, primula, poinsettia, gladiolus, cattleya, daisy, cymbidium and begonia. Bio-fuel plants include: jatropha, safflower, Camelina, switch grass, Miscanthus giganteus, Phalaris arundinacea, Arundo donax, kenaf, cassava, and willow.

[0099] All plants or any part of a plant can be treated in accordance with compositions produced according to the processes of the disclosure. The term “plants” as used herein is to be understood as all plants and plant populations such as, for example, desired and undesired wild plants or crop plants (including naturally occurring crop plants). Crop plants can be plants that can be obtained by conventional breeding and optimization methods or by biotechnological and genetic engineering methods or by combinations of these methods, including transgenic plants and including plant cultivars which can or cannot be protected by plant breeders' rights. Plant parts are to be understood as meaning all parts and organs of plants above and below the ground, such as shoot, leaf, flower and root, examples which may be mentioned being leaves, needles, stalks, stems, flowers, fruit bodies, fruits and seeds, as well as roots, tubers and rhizomes. Theplant parts also include harvested material, and vegetative and generative propagation material, for example cuttings, tubers, rhizomes, offshoots and seeds.

[0100] Treatment of the plants and plant parts with the compositions produced according to the processes of the present disclosure is carried out by direct contact with the plant or plant part, or by action on the plant’s environment, habitat or storage space using customary treatment methods. For example, treatment as described herein can be by dipping, spraying, evaporating, atomizing, broadcasting, spreading-on, injecting and, in the case of propagation material -- particularly in the case of seeds -- by applying a layer of a coating comprising the composition, optionally with additional layers.

[0101] In one embodiment, the compositions produced according to the processes of the present disclosure are aerially delivered to plants. In another embodiment, the compositions produced according to the present disclosure are delivered by an unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV). In yet another embodiment, the compositions produced according to the present disclosure are delivered by a helicopter or fixed-wing airplane.

[0102] Wild plant species and plant cultivars, or those obtained by conventional biological breeding methods, such as crossing or protoplast fusion, and parts thereof, may be treated. Also, transgenic plants and plant cultivars obtained by genetic engineering methods, if appropriate in combination with conventional methods (Genetically Modified Organisms), and parts thereof are treated. Plants of the plant cultivars that are in each case commercially available or in use are treated according to the disclosure. Plant cultivars are to be understood as meaning plants having novel properties ("traits") which have been obtained by conventional breeding, by mutagenesis or by recombinant DNA techniques. These can be cultivars, biotypes or genotypes.

[0103] The transgenic plants or plant cultivars (obtained by genetic engineering) that may be treated according to the disclosure include all plants which, by the genetic modification, received genetic material which imparted particular advantageous, useful traits to these plants. Examples of such traits are better plant growth, increased tolerance to high or low temperatures, increased tolerance to drought or to water or soil salt content, increased flowering performance, easier harvesting, accelerated maturation, higher harvest yields, higher quality and / or a highernutritional value of the harvested products, better storage stability and / or processability of the harvested products. Further and particularly emphasized examples of such traits are a better defense of the plants against animal and microbial pests, such as against insects, mites, phytopathogenic fungi, bacteria and / or viruses, and increased tolerance of the plants to certain herbicidally active compounds. Examples of transgenic plants include the important crop plants, such as cereals (wheat, rice), maize, soybeans, potatoes, sugar beet, tomatoes, peas and other vegetable varieties, cotton, tobacco, oilseed rape and fruit plants (with the fruits apples, pears, citrus fruits and grapes), and emphasis is given to maize, soybeans, potatoes, cotton, tobacco and oilseed rape. Traits include the increased defense of the plants against insects, arachnids, nematodes and slugs and snails by toxins formed in the plants, particularly those formed in the plants by the genetic material from Bacillus thuringiensis (for example by the genes CryIA(a), CryIA(b), CryIA(c), CryIIA, CryIIIA, CryIIIB2, Cry9c, Cry2Ab, Cry3Bb and CryIF and also combinations thereof) ("Bt plants"). Other traits are the increased defense of plants against fungi, bacteria and viruses by systemic acquired resistance (SAR), systemin, phytoalexins, elicitors and resistance genes and correspondingly expressed proteins and toxins. Traits also include the increased tolerance of the plants to certain herbicidally active compounds, for example imidazolinones, sulfonylureas, glyphosate or phosphinotricin (for example the "PAT" gene). The genes which impart the desired traits in question can also be present in combinations with one another in the transgenic plants. Examples of "Bt plants" include maize varieties, cotton varieties, soybean varieties and potato varieties which are sold under the trade names YIELD GARD®(for example maize, cotton, soybeans), KnockOut®(for example maize), StarLink®(for example maize), Bollgard®(cotton), Nucotn®(cotton) and NewLeaf®(potato). Examples of herbicide-tolerant plants are maize varieties, cotton varieties and soybean varieties that are sold under the trade names Roundup Ready®(tolerance to glyphosate, for example maize, cotton, soybean). Liberty Link®(tolerance to phosphinotricin, for example oilseed rape), IMI®(tolerance to imidazolinones) and STS®(tolerance to sulfonylureas, for example maize). Herbicide-resistant plants (plants bred in a conventional manner for herbicide tolerance) include the varieties sold under the name Clearfield®(for example maize). The agricultural crops are selected from the group consisting of cereals, fruit trees, citrus fruits, legumes, horticultural crops, cucurbits, oleaginous plants, tobacco, coffee, tea, cocoa, sugar beet, sugar cane, and cotton.

[0104] Depending on the plant species or plant cultivars, their location and growth conditions (soils, climate, vegetation period, diet), the treatment according to the disclosure may also result in superadditive ("synergistic") effects. Thus, for example, reduced application rates and / or a widening of the activity spectrum and / or an increase in the activity of the substances and compositions which can be used according to the disclosure, better plant growth, increased tolerance to high or low temperatures, increased tolerance to drought or to water or soil salt content, increased flowering performance, easier harvesting, accelerated maturation, higher harvest yields, higher quality and / or a higher nutritional value of the harvested products, better storage stability and / or processability of the harvested products are possible, which exceed the effects which were actually to be expected.

[0105] Crops that can be protected with the compositions produced according to the processes of this disclosure, for example, comprise cereals (wheat, barley, rye, oats, rice, maize, sorghum, etc.), fruit trees (apples, pears, plums, peaches, almonds, cherries, bananas, grapes, strawberries, raspberries, blackberries, etc.), citrus trees (oranges, lemons, mandarins, grapefruit, etc.), legumes (beans, peas, lentils, soybean, etc.), vegetables (spinach, lettuce, asparagus, cabbage, carrots, onions, tomatoes, potatoes, eggplants, peppers, etc.), cucurbitaceae (pumpkins, zucchini, cucumbers, melons, watermelons, etc.), oleaginous plants (sunflower, rape, peanut, castor, coconut, etc.), tobacco, coffee, tea, cocoa, sugar beet, sugar cane, and cotton.

[0106] To protect the agricultural crops, the compositions produced according to the processes of this disclosure can be applied to any part of the plant, or on the seeds before sowing, or on the soil in which the plant grows.

[0107] Non-agronomic uses refer to invertebrate pest control in the areas other than fields of crop plants. Nonagronomic uses of the compositions produced according to the present disclosure include control of invertebrate pests in stored grains, beans and other foodstuffs, and in textiles such as clothing and carpets. Nonagronomic uses of the compositions produced according to the present disclosure also include invertebrate pest control in ornamental plants, forests, in yards, along roadsides and railroad rights of way, and on turf such as lawns, golf courses and pastures. Nonagronomic uses of the compositions produced according to the present disclosure also include invertebrate pest control in houses and other buildings which may beoccupied by humans and / or companion, farm, ranch, zoo or other animals. Nonagronomic uses of the compositions produced according to the present disclosure also include the control of pests such as termites that can damage wood or other structural materials used in buildings

[0108] Nonagronomic uses of the compositions produced according to the present disclosure also include protecting human and animal health by controlling invertebrate pests that are parasitic or transmit infectious diseases. The controlling of animal parasites includes controlling external parasites that are parasitic to the surface of the body of the host animal (e.g., shoulders, armpits, abdomen, inner part of the thighs) and internal parasites that are parasitic to the inside of the body of the host animal (e.g., stomach, intestine, lung, veins, under the skin, lymphatic tissue). External parasitic or disease transmitting pests include, for example, chiggers, ticks, lice, mosquitoes, flies, mites and fleas. Internal parasites include heartworms, hookworms and helminths. Compositions produced according to the present disclosure are suitable for systemic and / or non-systemic control of infestation or infection by parasites on animals. Compositions produced according to the present disclosure are particularly suitable for combating external parasitic or disease transmitting pests. Compositions produced according to the present disclosure are suitable for combating parasites that infest agricultural working animals, such as cattle, sheep, goats, horses, pigs, donkeys, camels, buffalos, rabbits, hens, turkeys, ducks, geese and bees; pet animals and domestic animals such as dogs, cats, pet birds and aquarium fish; as well as so-called experimental animals, such as hamsters, guinea pigs, rats and mice. By combating these parasites, fatalities and performance reduction (in terms of meat, milk, wool, skins, eggs, honey, etc.) are reduced, so that applying a composition of the present disclosure allows more economic and simple husbandry of animals.

[0109] The composition embodiments of this disclosure may be combined with the method embodiments of this disclosure in any manner. Similarly, the method embodiments of this disclosure may be combined in any manner. The following embodiments are, therefore, to be construed as merely illustrative, and not limiting of the disclosure in any way whatsoever.

[0110] Aspects of the present disclosure are provided by the subject matter of the following clauses:

[0111] 1. A bait composition comprising:(i) at least one pesticidal active ingredient; (ii) at least one bait; (iii) at least one dispersant; and (iv) at least one thickener in an amount no more than about 0.80 wt%; wherein the bait composition comprises no more than about 6.0 wt% anionic dispersants.

[0112] 2. The bait composition of the preceding clause, wherein the at least one thickener is present in an amount in a range of from about 0.30 wt% to about 0.80 wt%.

[0113] 3. The bait composition of any preceding clause, wherein the at least one thickener is selected from hydrated magnesium aluminosilicate, xantham gum, amorphous silica, sodium carboxymethylcellulose, hydroxyethyl cellulose, hydroxypropyl cellulose, hydroxypropylmethyl cellulose, gum arabic, and combinations thereof.

[0114] 4. The bait composition of any preceding clause, wherein the at least one dispersant is present in an amount in a range of from about 0.10 wt% to about 2.0 wt%.

[0115] 5. The bait composition of any preceding clause, wherein the at least one dispersant is selected from sulfosuccinates, sodium dioctyl sulfosuccinate (e.g., STEPWET DOS 70-PG), lignosulfonates (e.g., REAX 88B or POLYFON F, Borresperse NA), naphthalene sulfonate condensates (e.g., Morwet D425, Morwet D400, Supragil MNS88), alkyl ethoxyl phosphate esters (e.g., Dextrol OC180, Stepfac 1818K), alky sulfates (e.g., Sodium Lauryl sulfate, Sodium Dodecyl sulfate), and combinations thereof.

[0116] 6. The bait composition of any preceding clause, wherein the bait composition comprises at least one non-ionic dispersant selected from graft polymers, acrylic graft copolymers (e.g., ATLOX 4913), polymethyl methacrylate-polyethylene glycol graft copolymers (e.g., STEP- FLOW 4000), alkyl polyglycosides, C9-11alkyl polyglucosides (e.g., AGNIQUE PG 9116), C8-10alkyl polyglucosides (e.g., AGNIQUE PG 8107), polyvinylpyrrolidones (e.g., PVP K-30, PVP 60, PVP 90), polyalkylene oxide block copolymers, polyalkylene glycol ethers (e.g., Atlas G5000), butyl polyalkylene oxide block copolymers (e.g., TOXIMUL 8330, Emulsogen EP4910), alkylethoxylates, tristyrylphenol ethoxylates (e.g., Sorprophor BSU, Markon TSP), and combinations thereof.

[0117] 7. The bait composition of any preceding clause, wherein the at least one pesticidal active ingredient is present in an amount in a range of from about 0.10 wt% to about 0.70 wt%.

[0118] 8. The bait composition of any preceding clause, wherein the pesticidal active ingredient is selected from insecticides, nematicides, biopesticides, and combinations thereof.

[0119] 9. The bait composition of any preceding clause, wherein the pesticidal active ingredient comprises an insecticide.

[0120] 10. The bait composition of any preceding clause, wherein the insecticide is a diamide selected from chlorantraniliprole, cyantraniliprole, tetrachlorantraniliprole, bromoantraniliprole, dichlorantraniliprole, tetraniliprole, cyclaniliprole, cyhalodiamide, flubendiamide, and combinations thereof.

[0121] 11. The bait composition of any preceding clause, wherein the insecticide is cyantraniliprole.

[0122] 12. The bait composition of any preceding clause, wherein the composition comprises a pesticidal active ingredient selected from abamectin, acephate, acequinocyl, acetamiprid, acrinathrin, acynonapyr, afidopyropen ([(3S,4R,4aR,6S,6aS,12R,12aS,12bS)-3- [(cyclopropylcarbonyl)oxy]-1,3,4,4a,5,6,6a,12,12a,12b-decahydro-6,12-dihydroxy-4,6a,12b- trimethyl-11-oxo-9-(3-pyridinyl)-2H,11H-naphtho[2,1-b]pyrano[3,4-e]pyran-4-yl]methyl cyclopropanecarboxylate), amidoflumet, amitraz, avermectin, azadirachtin, azinphos methyl, benfuracarb, bensultap, benzpyrimoxan, bifenthrin, kappa-bifenthrin, bifenazate, bistrifluron, borate, broflanilide, buprofezin, cadusafos, carbaryl, carbofuran, cartap, carzol, chlorantraniliprole, chlorfenapyr, chlorfluazuron, chloroprallethrin, chlorpyrifos, chlorpyrifos-e, chlorpyrifos-methyl, chromafenozide, clofentezin, chloroprallethrin, clothianidin, cyantraniliprole, (3-bromo-1-(3-chloro-2-pyridinyl)-N-[4-cyano-2-methyl-6- [(methylamino)carbonyl]phenyl]-1H-pyrazole-5-carboxamide), cyclaniliprole (3-bromo-N-[2- bromo-4-chloro-6-[[(1-cyclopropylethyl)amino]carbonyl]phenyl]-1-(3-chloro-2-pyridinyl)-1H- pyrazole-5-carboxamide), cycloprothrin, cycloxaprid ((5S,8R)-1-[(6-chloro-3-pyridinyl)methyl]-2,3,5,6,7,8-hexahydro-9-nitro-5,8-Epoxy-1H-imidazo[1,2-a]azepine), cyenopyrafen, cyflumetofen, cyfluthrin, beta cyfluthrin, cyhalodiamide, cyhalothrin, gamma-cyhalothrin, lambda-cyhalothrin, cypermethrin, alpha-cypermethrin, zeta-cypermethrin, cyromazine, deltamethrin, diafenthiuron, diazinon, dicloromezotiaz, dieldrin, diflubenzuron, dimefluthrin, dimehypo, dimethoate, dimpropyridaz, dinotefuran, diofenolan, emamectin, emamectin benzoate, endosulfan, esfenvalerate, ethiprole, etofenprox, epsilon-metofluthrin, etoxazole, fenbutatin oxide, fenitrothion, fenothiocarb, fenoxycarb, fenpropathrin, fenvalerate, fipronil, flometoquin (2- ethyl-3,7-dimethyl-6-[4-(trifluoromethoxy)phenoxy]-4-quinolinyl methyl carbonate), flonicamid, fluazaindolizine, flubendiamide, flucythrinate, flufenerim, flufenoxuron, flufenoxystrobin (methyl (αE)-2-[[2-chloro-4-(trifluoromethyl)phenoxy]methyl]-α-(methoxymethylene)benzeneacetate), fluensulfone (5-chloro-2-[(3,4,4-trifluoro-3-buten-1-yl)sulfonyl]thiazole), fluhexafon, fluopyram, flupiprole (1-[2,6-dichloro-4-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl]-5-[(2-methyl-2-propen-1-yl)amino]-4- [(trifluoromethyl)sulfinyl]-1H-pyrazole-3-carbonitrile), flupyradifurone (4-[[(6-chloro-3- pyridinyl)methyl](2,2-difluoroethyl)amino]-2(5H)-furanone), flupyrimin, fluvalinate, tau fluvalinate, fluxametamide, fonophos, formetanate, fosthiazate, gamma-cyhalothrin, halofenozide, heptafluthrin ([2,3,5,6-tetrafluoro-4-(methoxymethyl)phenyl]methyl 2,2-dimethyl-3-[(1Z)-3,3,3- trifluoro-1-propen-1-yl]cyclopropanecarboxylate), hexaflumuron, hexythiazox, hydramethylnon, imidacloprid, indoxacarb, insecticidal soaps, isofenphos, isocycloseram, kappa-tefluthrin, lambda- cyhalothrin, lufenuron, malathion, meperfluthrin ([2,3,5,6-tetrafluoro-4- (methoxymethyl)phenyl]methyl (1R,3S)-3-(2,2-dichloroethenyl)-2,2- dimethylcyclopropanecarboxylate), metaflumizone, metaldehyde, methamidophos, methidathion, methiocarb, methomyl, methoprene, methoxychlor, metofluthrin, methoxyfenozide, epsilon- metofluthrin, epsilon-momfluorothrin, monocrotophos, monofluorothrin ([2,3,5,6-tetrafluoro-4- (methoxymethyl)phenyl]methyl 3-(2-cyano-1-propen-1-yl)-2,2- dimethylcyclopropanecarboxylate), nicotine, nitenpyram, nithiazine, novaluron, noviflumuron, N- [1,1-dimethyl-2-(methylthio)ethyl]-7-fluoro-2-(3-pyridinyl)-2H-indazole-4-carboxamide, N-[1,1- dimethyl-2-(methylsulfinyl)ethyl]-7-fluoro-2-(3-pyridinyl)-2H-indazole-4-carboxamide, N-[1,1- dimethyl-2-(methylsulfonyl)ethyl]-7-fluoro-2-(3-pyridinyl)-2H-indazole-4-carboxamide, N-(1- methylcyclopropyl)-2-(3-pyridinyl)-2H-indazole-4-carboxamide, and N-[1- (difluoromethyl)cyclopropyl]-2-(3-pyridinyl)-2H-indazole-4-carboxamide, oxamyl, oxazosulfyl, parathion, parathion methyl, permethrin, phorate, phosalone, phosmet, phosphamidon, pirimicarb,profenofos, profluthrin, propargite, protrifenbute, pyflubumide (1,3,5-trimethyl-N-(2-methyl-1- oxopropyl)-N-[3-(2-methylpropyl)-4-[2,2,2-trifluoro-1-methoxy-1- (trifluoromethyl)ethyl]phenyl]-1H-pyrazole-4-carboxamide), pymetrozine, pyrafluprole, pyrethrin, pyridaben, pyridalyl, pyrifluquinazon, pyriminostrobin (methyl (αE)-2-[[[2-[(2,4- dichlorophenyl)amino]-6-(trifluoromethyl)-4-pyrimidinyl]oxy]methyl]-α- (methoxymethylene)benzeneacetate), pydiflumetofen, pyriprole, pyriproxyfen, rotenone, ryanodine, silafluofen, spinetoram, spinosad, spirodiclofen, spiromesifen, spiropidion, spirotetramat, sulprofos, sulfoxaflor (N-[methyloxido[1-[6-(trifluoromethyl)-3-pyridinyl]ethyl]- λ4-sulfanylidene]cyanamide), tebufenozide, tebufenpyrad, teflubenzuron, tefluthrin, kappa- tefluthrin, terbufos, tetrachlorantraniliprole, tetrachlorvinphos, tetramethrin, tetramethylfluthrin ([2,3,5,6-tetrafluoro-4-(methoxymethyl)phenyl]methyl 2,2,3,3- tetramethylcyclopropanecarboxylate), tetraniliprole, thiacloprid, thiamethoxam, thiodicarb, thiosultap-sodium, tioxazafen (3-phenyl-5-(2-thienyl)-1,2,4-oxadiazole), tolfenpyrad, tralomethrin, triazamate, trichlorfon, triflumezopyrim (2,4-dioxo-1-(5-pyrimidinylmethyl)-3-[3- (trifluoromethyl)phenyl]-2H- pyrido[1,2-a]pyrimidinium inner salt), triflumuron, tyclopyrazoflor, zeta-cypermethrin, Bacillus thuringiensis delta-endotoxins, entomopathogenic bacteria, entomopathogenic viruses, entomopathogenic fungi, and combinations thereof.

[0123] 13. The bait composition of any preceding clause, wherein the at least one bait comprises a component selected from feedants, attractants, sugary attractants, ammonia, ammonium salts, hydrolyzed proteins, vegetable proteins, hydrolyzed vegetable proteins, yeast proteins, hydrolyzed yeast proteins, animal proteins, hydrolyzed animal proteins, and combinations thereof.

[0124] 14. The bait composition of any preceding clause, wherein the at least one bait does not comprise an animal protein or a hydrolyzed animal protein.

[0125] 15. The bait composition of any preceding clause, wherein the at least one bait comprises about 55 wt% to about 80 wt% of at least one feedant, about 0.50 wt% to about 0.90 wt% of at least one sugary attractant, and / or about 0.50 wt% to about 0.90 wt% of at least one ammonium salt.

[0126] 16. The bait composition of any preceding clause, wherein the ammonium salts are selected from ammonium acetate, ammonium citrate, ammonium tartrate, ammonium lactate, water-soluble ammonium salts of fatty acids, and combinations thereof.

[0127] 17. The bait composition of any preceding clause, further comprising at least one auxillary selected from antifoams, antifreeze, biocides, and combinations thereof.

[0128] 18. The bait composition of any preceding clause, wherein the bait composition is a premix formulation.

[0129] 19. The bait composition of any preceding clause, wherein the bait composition does not leave a readily visible residue on a surface after application of the bait composition to the surface.

[0130] 20. A method of preparing a bait composition, the method comprising A) forming a mixture comprising: (i) at least one pesticidal active ingredient; (ii) at least one bait; (iii) at least one dispersant; and (iv) at least one thickener in an amount no more than about 0.80 wt%; wherein the bait composition comprises no more than about 6.0 wt% anionic dispersants; and B) optionally diluting the mixture with water.

[0131] 21. A method for controlling a pest comprising contacting the pest or its environment with a biologically effective amount of a composition comprising: (i) at least one pesticidal active ingredient; (ii) at least one bait;(iii) at least one dispersant; and (iv) at least one thickener in an amount no more than about 0.80 wt%; wherein the bait composition comprises no more than about 6.0 wt% anionic dispersants.

[0132] 22. The method of the preceding clause, wherein the pest is selected from invertebrate pests, insects, arthropods, and combinations thereof.

[0133] 23. The method of any preceding clause, wherein the environment is selected from agricultural fields, orchards, forests, and combinations thereof.

[0134] 24. The method of any preceding clause, wherein contacting the pest or its environment with a biologically effective amount of a composition comprises applying the bait composition with an applicator selected from land-based sprayers, tractors, knapsacks, aerial- based sprayers, drones, and combinations thereof.

[0135] Without further elaboration, it is believed that one skilled in the art using the preceding description can utilize the present invention to its fullest extent. The following Examples are, therefore, to be construed as merely illustrative, and not limiting of the disclosure in any way whatsoever. EXAMPLES

[0136] Example 1. Bait compositions.

[0137] Bait compositions according to the present disclosure were prepared and are shown in Tables 1-2. Composition IE10 is a 75% diluted version of composition IE1. Diluted formulations like composition IE10 are particularly beneficial for manufacturing due to their lower viscosities compared to non-diluted formulations.

[0138] None of the bait compositions of Tables 1-2 left a readily visible residue upon application to a surface.

[0139] Table 1. Bait compositions.Amount (wt%)Ammonium Attractant 1.0 1.0 1.0 1.0 1.00 0.5 1.0 1.0 1.0 0.75 Acetate 0

[0140] Table 2. Bait compositions. Amount (wt%) 8Xiameter Antifoam 0.15 0.15 0.15 0.15 0.15 0.15 0.15 0.15 AFE-0100 5 0

[0141] Example 2. Efficacy.

[0142] Efficacies were evaluated for the bait compositions of Tables 1-2 applied to fruit flies. Laboratory-reared Tephritid fruit flies were exposed for 7 hours to a cotton wick treated with1 ml of 333 ppm AI bait solution in an insect cage. After 7 hours, the bait was removed and replaced by a sugar solution until the last mortality assessment. Mortality was evaluated at 5 DAE counting the number of dead and moribund flies. Male and female flies were counted separately. Each trial was replicated 3 times. Mortality levels of at least 70% were considered acceptable.

[0143] The results are shown in Table 3. The results are an average of two tests.

[0144] Composition CE1 is a comparative commercial fruit fly bait composition including 0.02 wt% Spinosad and 99.8 wt% inert ingredients, to which 0.16 wt% cyantraniloprole was added. The inert ingredients include hydrolyzed protein, high-fructose corn syrup (also referred to as invertose sugar or invertose), vegetable oils, adjuvants, humectants, and attractants. Composition CE1 was applied at a rate of 12 ppm AI.

[0145] Composition CE2 is a comparative commercial fruit fly bait composition including inert ingredients, to which 0.43 wt% cyantraniloprole was added. The inert ingredients include hydrolyzed protein. Composition CE2 was applied at a rate of 333 ppm AI.

[0146] Composition CE3 consists of water.

[0147] Table 3. Efficacy five days after exposure. Female C M liyIE7 32

[0148] It was observed that, in general, the presence of relatively high amounts of anionic dispersant resulted in lower efficacy. It was also observed that, in general, the presence of relatively high amounts of thickener resulted in lower efficacy, even in the absence of anionic dispersant. Thus, it was realized that controlling the amounts of anionic dispersant and thickener could result in improved efficacy.

[0149] The use of controlled amounts of anionic dispersant and thickener is also beneficial in reducing visible residue after application. None of the inventive examples exhibited a readily visidue residue after application on surfaces.

[0150] Example 3. Phytotoxicity.

[0151] Citrus crop responses and olive crop responses to the application of premix bait compositions according to the present disclosure were evaluated as follows. Plants of the crop of interest were grown in open field in farm condition. Plants were sprayed using a motorpump sprayer at different rates. After 7 and 14 days, phytotoxicity (%) was evaluated based on treated part of the canopy assessment considering area damaged and intensity.

[0152] CE4 is a comparative composition including 0.02 wt% Spinosad A & D, 0.025- <0.05 wt% 1,2-benzisothiazol-3(2H)-one, and other components including vegetable proteins, stabilizing substances, sugars, and humectants.

[0153] The results for citrus are provided in Table 4. They are the average results of 6 trials. The results for olives are provided in Table 5. They are the average results of 4 trials. For both crops, no phytotoxicity was observed after either 7 DAT or 14 DAT.

[0154] Table 4. Phytotoxicity evaluation for citrus. Composition Rate (gia / ha)Crop responseCrop response

[0155] Table 5. Phytotoxicity evaluation for olives. Crop responseCrop responseIE10 7.5 0.0 0.0 IE10 10 0.0 0.0

[0156] Example 4. Visible residue.

[0157] Residue spray deposits on olives and citrus fruits and leaves from the application of premix compositions according to the present disclosure were evaluated as follows. The test compositions were sprayed onto olives or citrus fruits and leaves. Visible residue was measured with the following scale: 0 = no visible residues, 1 = lightly visible residues, 2 = medium visible residues, and 3 = strongly visible residues. The number of fruits were counted for each class.

[0158] The results for citrus are provided in Table 6. They are the average results of 3 trials. The results for olives are provided in Table 7. They are the average results of 4 trials. For both crops, no residue for spray deposit was observed for inventive compositions except for some trials at high rates.

[0159] Table 6. Residue evaluation for citrus. Spray deposit Composition Rate (gia / ha) after 7 DD after

[0160] Table 7. Residue evaluation for olives. Spray deposit rCE4 0.24 1.7

[0161] Further results are shown in Figures 1A-1B and Figures 2A-2B. In particular, Figure 1A is a photograph of a citrus fruit after application of inventive composition IE10, Figure 1B is a photograph of leaves after application of inventive composition IE10, Figure 2A is a photograph of a citrus fruit after application of comparative composition CE4, and Figure 2B is a photograph of leaves after application of comparative composition CE4. As can be seen, inventive composition imparts no visible residue to citrus fruit or leaves, while comparative composition CE4 imparts a readily visible dark residue to citrus fruit and leaves.

[0162] Example 5. Citrus Systemic Potency.

[0163] Systemic potency on fruit fly (FF) Ceratitis capitata adults and damage on fruits from the application of premix compositions according to the present disclosure was evaluated as follows. Adults were assessed using pheromone trap, 1 trap per plot placed in the center of the plot. Assessment was done weekly, where the number of adults in the trap were counted.

[0164] The adult results are provided in Table 8. They are the average results of 3 trials. It was observed that all inventive compositions reduced the number of adults in the trap.

[0165] Table 8. Adults on citrus. Adult in the trap Com osition Rate ( ia / ha) after 7 dd after

[0166] The fruit damage results are provided in Table 9. They are the average results of 6 trials. There was a minimum of 100 fruits assessed per plot. It was observed that all inventive compositions reduced the number of damaged fruits.

[0167] Table 9. Adults on citrus. Efficacy of the Composition Rate (gia / ha) % of damage

[0168] Example 6. Olive Systemic Potency.

[0169] Systemic potency on fruit fly (FF) Bractrocera olee adults and damage on fruits from the application of premix compositions according to the present disclosure was evaluated as follows. Adults were assessed using pheromone trap, 1 trap per plot placed in the center of the plot. Assessment was done weekly, where the number of adults in the trap were counted.

[0170] The adult results are provided in Table 10. They are the average results of 2 trials. It was observed that all inventive compositions reduced the number of adults in the trap.

[0171] Table 10. Adults on olive. Adult in the trap C ii R i / h f dd f r

[0172] The fruit damage results are provided in Table 11. They are the average results of 4 trials. There was a minimum of 20 fruits assessed per plot. It was observed that all inventive compositions reduced the number of damaged fruits.

[0173] Table 11. Adults on olive. Efficacy of the Composition Rate (gia / ha) % of damage

[0174] Bait compositions according to the present disclosure exhibit numerous advantages. They are efficacious and applicable to a wide variety of crops and pests. They are premix formulations that do not require further mixing. Where the bait compositions include a protein, they can be directly applied without reformulation of the bait compositions because they do not include an animal protein. And because the bait compositions do not leave readily visible residue on fruit, minimum processing is required to remove residue after harvesting.

Claims

WHAT IS CLAIMED IS:

1. A bait composition comprising: (i) at least one pesticidal active ingredient; (ii) at least one bait; (iii) at least one dispersant; and (iv) at least one thickener in an amount no more than about 0.80 wt%; wherein the bait composition comprises no more than about 6.0 wt% anionic dispersants. 2 The bait composition of claim 1, wherein the at least one thickener is present in an amount in a range of from about 0.30 wt% to about 0.80 wt%. 3 The bait composition of any one of claims 1-2, wherein the at least one thickener is selected from hydrated magnesium aluminosilicate, xantham gum, amorphous silica, sodium carboxymethylcellulose, hydroxyethyl cellulose, hydroxypropyl cellulose, hydroxypropylmethyl cellulose, gum arabic, and combinations thereof. 4 The bait composition of any one of claims 1-3, wherein the at least one dispersant is present in an amount in a range of from about 0.010 wt% to about 2.0 wt%. 5 The bait composition of any one of claims 1-4, wherein the at least one dispersant is selected from sulfosuccinates, sodium dioctyl sulfosuccinate (e.g., STEPWET DOS 70-PG), lignosulfonates (e.g., REAX 88B or POLYFON F, Borresperse NA), naphthalene sulfonate condensates (e.g., Morwet D425, Morwet D400, Supragil MNS88), alkyl ethoxyl phosphate esters (e.g., Dextrol OC180, Stepfac 1818K), alky sulfates (e.g., Sodium Lauryl sulfate, Sodium Dodecyl sulfate), and combinations thereof. 6 The bait composition of any one of claim 1-5, wherein the bait composition comprises at least one non-ionic dispersant selected from graft polymers, acrylic graft copolymers (e.g., ATLOX 4913), polymethyl methacrylate-polyethylene glycol graft copolymers (e.g., STEP-FLOW 4000), alkyl polyglycosides, C9-11 alkyl polyglucosides (e.g., AGNIQUE PG 9116), C8-10 alkylpolyglucosides (e.g., AGNIQUE PG 8107), polyvinylpyrrolidones (e.g., PVP K-30, PVP 60, PVP 90), polyalkylene oxide block copolymers, polyalkylene glycol ethers (e.g., Atlas G5000), butyl polyalkylene oxide block copolymers (e.g., TOXIMUL 8330, Emulsogen EP4910), alkyl ethoxylates, tristyrylphenol ethoxylates (e.g., Sorprophor BSU, Markon TSP), and combinations thereof. The bait composition of any one of claims 1-6, wherein the at least one pesticidal active ingredient is present in an amount in a range of from about 0.10 wt% to about 0.70 wt%. The bait composition of any one of claims 1-7, wherein the pesticidal active ingredient is selected from insecticides, nematicides, biopesticides, and combinations thereof. The bait composition of any one of claims 1-8, wherein the pesticidal active ingredient comprises an insecticide. The bait composition of claim 9, wherein the insecticide is a diamide selected from chlorantraniliprole, cyantraniliprole, tetrachlorantraniliprole, bromoantraniliprole, dichlorantraniliprole, tetraniliprole, cyclaniliprole, cyhalodiamide, flubendiamide, and combinations thereof. The bait composition of claim 9, wherein the insecticide is cyantraniliprole. The bait composition of any of claims 1 to 11, wherein the composition comprises a pesticidal active ingredient selected from abamectin, acephate, acequinocyl, acetamiprid, acrinathrin, acynonapyr, afidopyropen ([(3S,4R,4aR,6S,6aS,12R,12aS,12bS)-3- [(cyclopropylcarbonyl)oxy]-1,3,4,4a,5,6,6a,12,12a,12b-decahydro-6,12-dihydroxy-4,6a,12b- trimethyl-11-oxo-9-(3-pyridinyl)-2H,11H-naphtho[2,1-b]pyrano[3,4-e]pyran-4-yl]methyl cyclopropanecarboxylate), amidoflumet, amitraz, avermectin, azadirachtin, azinphos methyl, benfuracarb, bensultap, benzpyrimoxan, bifenthrin, kappa-bifenthrin, bifenazate, bistrifluron, borate, broflanilide, buprofezin, cadusafos, carbaryl, carbofuran, cartap, carzol, chlorantraniliprole, chlorfenapyr, chlorfluazuron, chloroprallethrin, chlorpyrifos, chlorpyrifos-e, chlorpyrifos-methyl, chromafenozide, clofentezin, chloroprallethrin, clothianidin, cyantraniliprole, (3-bromo-1-(3-chloro-2-pyridinyl)-N-[4-cyano-2-methyl-6- [(methylamino)carbonyl]phenyl]-1H-pyrazole-5-carboxamide), cyclaniliprole (3-bromo-N-[2-bromo-4-chloro-6-[[(1-cyclopropylethyl)amino]carbonyl]phenyl]-1-(3-chloro-2-pyridinyl)-1H- pyrazole-5-carboxamide), cycloprothrin, cycloxaprid ((5S,8R)-1-[(6-chloro-3-pyridinyl)methyl]- 2,3,5,6,7,8-hexahydro-9-nitro-5,8-Epoxy-1H-imidazo[1,2-a]azepine), cyenopyrafen, cyflumetofen, cyfluthrin, beta cyfluthrin, cyhalodiamide, cyhalothrin, gamma-cyhalothrin, lambda-cyhalothrin, cypermethrin, alpha-cypermethrin, zeta-cypermethrin, cyromazine, deltamethrin, diafenthiuron, diazinon, dicloromezotiaz, dieldrin, diflubenzuron, dimefluthrin, dimehypo, dimethoate, dimpropyridaz, dinotefuran, diofenolan, emamectin, emamectin benzoate, endosulfan, esfenvalerate, ethiprole, etofenprox, epsilon-metofluthrin, etoxazole, fenbutatin oxide, fenitrothion, fenothiocarb, fenoxycarb, fenpropathrin, fenvalerate, fipronil, flometoquin (2-ethyl-3,7-dimethyl-6-[4-(trifluoromethoxy)phenoxy]-4-quinolinyl methyl carbonate), flonicamid, fluazaindolizine, flubendiamide, flucythrinate, flufenerim, flufenoxuron, flufenoxystrobin (methyl (αE)-2-[[2-chloro-4-(trifluoromethyl)phenoxy]methyl]-α- (methoxymethylene)benzeneacetate), fluensulfone (5-chloro-2-[(3,4,4-trifluoro-3-buten-1- yl)sulfonyl]thiazole), fluhexafon, fluopyram, flupiprole (1-[2,6-dichloro-4- (trifluoromethyl)phenyl]-5-[(2-methyl-2-propen-1-yl)amino]-4-[(trifluoromethyl)sulfinyl]-1H- pyrazole-3-carbonitrile), flupyradifurone (4-[[(6-chloro-3-pyridinyl)methyl](2,2- difluoroethyl)amino]-2(5H)-furanone), flupyrimin, fluvalinate, tau fluvalinate, fluxametamide, fonophos, formetanate, fosthiazate, gamma-cyhalothrin, halofenozide, heptafluthrin ([2,3,5,6- tetrafluoro-4-(methoxymethyl)phenyl]methyl 2,2-dimethyl-3-[(1Z)-3,3,3-trifluoro-1-propen-1- yl]cyclopropanecarboxylate), hexaflumuron, hexythiazox, hydramethylnon, imidacloprid, indoxacarb, insecticidal soaps, isofenphos, isocycloseram, kappa-tefluthrin, lambda-cyhalothrin, lufenuron, malathion, meperfluthrin ([2,3,5,6-tetrafluoro-4-(methoxymethyl)phenyl]methyl (1R,3S)-3-(2,2-dichloroethenyl)-2,2-dimethylcyclopropanecarboxylate), metaflumizone, metaldehyde, methamidophos, methidathion, methiocarb, methomyl, methoprene, methoxychlor, metofluthrin, methoxyfenozide, epsilon-metofluthrin, epsilon-momfluorothrin, monocrotophos, monofluorothrin ([2,3,5,6-tetrafluoro-4-(methoxymethyl)phenyl]methyl 3-(2-cyano-1-propen-1- yl)-2,2-dimethylcyclopropanecarboxylate), nicotine, nitenpyram, nithiazine, novaluron, noviflumuron, N-[1,1-dimethyl-2-(methylthio)ethyl]-7-fluoro-2-(3-pyridinyl)-2H-indazole-4- carboxamide, N-[1,1-dimethyl-2-(methylsulfinyl)ethyl]-7-fluoro-2-(3-pyridinyl)-2H-indazole-4- carboxamide, N-[1,1-dimethyl-2-(methylsulfonyl)ethyl]-7-fluoro-2-(3-pyridinyl)-2H-indazole-4- carboxamide, N-(1-methylcyclopropyl)-2-(3-pyridinyl)-2H-indazole-4-carboxamide, and N-[1-(difluoromethyl)cyclopropyl]-2-(3-pyridinyl)-2H-indazole-4-carboxamide, oxamyl, oxazosulfyl, parathion, parathion methyl, permethrin, phorate, phosalone, phosmet, phosphamidon, pirimicarb, profenofos, profluthrin, propargite, protrifenbute, pyflubumide (1,3,5-trimethyl-N-(2- methyl-1-oxopropyl)-N-[3-(2-methylpropyl)-4-[2,2,2-trifluoro-1-methoxy-1- (trifluoromethyl)ethyl]phenyl]-1H-pyrazole-4-carboxamide), pymetrozine, pyrafluprole, pyrethrin, pyridaben, pyridalyl, pyrifluquinazon, pyriminostrobin (methyl (αE)-2-[[[2-[(2,4- dichlorophenyl)amino]-6-(trifluoromethyl)-4-pyrimidinyl]oxy]methyl]-α- (methoxymethylene)benzeneacetate), pydiflumetofen, pyriprole, pyriproxyfen, rotenone, ryanodine, silafluofen, spinetoram, spinosad, spirodiclofen, spiromesifen, spiropidion, spirotetramat, sulprofos, sulfoxaflor (N-[methyloxido[1-[6-(trifluoromethyl)-3-pyridinyl]ethyl]- λ4-sulfanylidene]cyanamide), tebufenozide, tebufenpyrad, teflubenzuron, tefluthrin, kappa- tefluthrin, terbufos, tetrachlorantraniliprole, tetrachlorvinphos, tetramethrin, tetramethylfluthrin ([2,3,5,6-tetrafluoro-4-(methoxymethyl)phenyl]methyl 2,2,3,3- tetramethylcyclopropanecarboxylate), tetraniliprole, thiacloprid, thiamethoxam, thiodicarb, thiosultap-sodium, tioxazafen (3-phenyl-5-(2-thienyl)-1,2,4-oxadiazole), tolfenpyrad, tralomethrin, triazamate, trichlorfon, triflumezopyrim (2,4-dioxo-1-(5-pyrimidinylmethyl)-3-[3- (trifluoromethyl)phenyl]-2H- pyrido[1,2-a]pyrimidinium inner salt), triflumuron, tyclopyrazoflor, zeta-cypermethrin, Bacillus thuringiensis delta-endotoxins, entomopathogenic bacteria, entomopathogenic viruses, entomopathogenic fungi, and combinations thereof.

13. The bait composition of any one of claims 1-12, wherein the at least one bait comprises a component selected from feedants, attractants, sugary attractants, ammonia, ammonium salts, hydrolyzed proteins, vegetable proteins, hydrolyzed vegetable proteins, yeast proteins, hydrolyzed yeast proteins, animal proteins, hydrolyzed animal proteins, and combinations thereof.

14. The bait composition of any one of claims 1-13, wherein the at least one bait does not comprise an animal protein or a hydrolyzed animal protein.

15. The bait composition of any one of claims 1-14, wherein the at least one bait comprises about 55 wt% to about 80 wt% of at least one feedant, about 0.50 wt% to about 0.90 wt% of at least one sugary attractant, and / or about 0.50 wt% to about 0.90 wt% of at least one ammonium salt.

16. The bait composition of any one of claims 13-15, wherein the ammonium salts are selected from ammonium acetate, ammonium citrate, ammonium tartrate, ammonium lactate, water-soluble ammonium salts of fatty acids, and combinations thereof.

17. The bait composition of any one of claims 1-16, further comprising at least one auxillary selected from antifoams, antifreeze, biocides, and combinations thereof.

18. The bait composition of any one of claims 1-17, wherein the bait composition is a premix formulation.

19. The bait composition of any one of claims 1-18, wherein the bait composition does not leave a readily visible residue on a surface after application of the bait composition to the surface.

20. A method of preparing a bait composition, the method comprising A) forming a mixture comprising: (i) at least one pesticidal active ingredient; (ii) at least one bait; (iii) at least one dispersant; and (iv) at least one thickener in an amount no more than about 0.80 wt%; wherein the bait composition comprises no more than about 6.0 wt% anionic dispersants; and B) optionally diluting the mixture with water.

21. A method for controlling a pest comprising contacting the pest or its environment with a biologically effective amount of a composition comprising: (i) at least one pesticidal active ingredient; (ii) at least one bait; (iii) at least one dispersant; and(iv) at least one thickener in an amount no more than about 0.80 wt%; wherein the bait composition comprises no more than about 6.0 wt% anionic dispersants.

22. The method of claim 21, wherein the pest is selected from invertebrate pests, insects, arthropods, and combinations thereof.

23. The method of any one of claims 21-22, wherein the environment is selected from agricultural fields, orchards, forests, and combinations thereof.

24. The method of any one of claims 21-23, wherein contacting the pest or its environment with a biologically effective amount of a composition comprises applying the bait composition with an applicator selected from land-based sprayers, tractors, knapsacks, aerial-based sprayers, drones, and combinations thereof.

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