Regulatory elements

Abstract

The present invention relates to a regulatory element comprising a fragment of a spliceosomal intron, wherein the regulatory element comprises a branch point sequence, a polypyrimidine tract, and a 3' splice acceptor site, and wherein the regulatory element does not comprise a 5' splice donor site.

Description

[0001]REGULATORY ELEMENTS FIELD OF THE INVENTION The present invention relates to regulatory elements which are capable of increasing the expression of a protein-coding sequence in kidney cells (e.g. glomerular cells and podocytes). BACKGROUND TO THE INVENTION There are many diseases which affect kidney function by attacking the glomerulus. The glomerulus filters approximately 180 litres of plasma each day, and the healthy glomerular filtration barrier has an astonishing ability to retain about 99.9% of large proteins including albumin over our lifetimes without clogging. The glomerular filtration barrier (GFB) comprises 3 main layers: the glomerular endothelial cell, the glomerular basement membrane (GBM) and the podocyte. The GBM is made of a highly crosslinked macromolecular meshwork of type IV collagen, proteoglycans, and laminin. Genetic forms of glomerular disease can be caused by genetic defects in these molecular structures. For example, Alport syndrome is caused by pathogenic variants in the COL4A3, COL4A4 and COL4A5 genes, which result in abnormalities of the collagen IV α345 network of basement membranes. Alport syndrome affects approximately 1 in 5,000-10,000 of all individuals in continental Europe and the USA. The condition usually presents during childhood and is associated with a spectrum of phenotypes that include a progressive loss of kidney function, and can also include hearing loss and eye abnormalities. Other GBM-associated diseases include Pierson syndrome and Nail-patella syndrome (Chiang, C.K. and Inagi, R., 2010. Nature Reviews Nephrology, 6(9), p.539). The podocyte has also been implicated as a key cell in the progression of glomerular disease. Podocytes are mesodermally derived cells that are highly specialized and found only in the renal glomerulus. They exhibit unique characteristics such as foot processes and slit diaphragms, which are critical for glomerular filtration. Podocyte-associated genetic glomerular diseases include Nephrotic Syndrome, Frasier syndrome and Denys–Drash syndrome, Schimke immuno-osseous dysplasia, and Epstein and Fechtner syndrome. (Chiang, C.K. and Inagi, R., 2010. Nature Reviews Nephrology, 6(9), p.539). Accordingly, kidney cells (e.g. glomerular cells and podocytes) represent a potential target for gene therapy approaches. However, in order to maximise gene therapy potential, further regulatory elements which can increase expression of a protein-coding sequence in kidney cells (e.g. glomerular cells and podocytes) are required. SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION The present invention is based on the inventors surprising provision of a regulatory element which is capable of increasing expression of a protein-coding sequence in kidney cells, in particular glomerular cells, for example podocytes. In one aspect, the present invention provides a regulatory element comprising a fragment of a spliceosomal intron, wherein the regulatory element does not comprise a 5’ splice donor site. The spliceosomal intron may be any naturally-occurring, chimeric, or variant spliceosomal intron. In some embodiments, the spliceosomal intron is a rabbit beta globin intron or a variant thereof having at least 80% sequence identity thereto. In some embodiments, the spliceosomal intron is the rabbit beta globin intron I or a variant thereof having at least 80% sequence identity thereto. The regulatory element may comprise a branch point sequence, a polypyrimidine tract, and a 3’ splice acceptor site. Suitably, the branch point sequence comprises or consists of the nucleotide sequence YTNAY. Suitably, the polypyrimidine tract comprises or consists of (Y)n2, where n2=10 to 20. Suitably, the 3’ splice acceptor site comprises or consists of the nucleotide sequence YAGG. Suitably, the 5’ splice donor site comprises or consists of the nucleotide sequence GTRAGT. The regulatory element may be any suitable length, in particular any length suitable for use in gene therapy. Suitably, the regulatory element has a length of 25 nucleotides or more, 30 nucleotides or more, 35 nucleotides or more, 40 nucleotides or more, 50 nucleotides or more, 60 nucleotides or more, 70 nucleotides or more, 80 nucleotides or more, 90 nucleotides or more, or 100 nucleotides or more. Suitably, the regulatory element has a length of 120 nucleotides or less. The regulatory element may comprise or consist of the nucleotide sequence (N)xYTNAY(N)n1(Y)n2(N)n3YAGG, wherein x = 10 to 100, n1 = 2 to 22, wherein n2 = 10 to 20, and wherein n1 + n2 + n3 = 15 to 40. In some embodiments, the regulatory element comprises or consists of a nucleotide sequence having 80% or more, 85% or more, 90% or more, 91% or more, 92% or more, 93% or more, 94% or more, 95% or more, 96% or more, 97% or more, 98% or more, 99% or more, or 100% sequence identity to SEQ ID NO: 5. In some embodiments, the regulatory element comprises or consists of a nucleotide sequence having 80% or more, 85% or more, 90% or more, 91% or more, 92% or more, 93% or more, 94% or more, 95% or more, 96% or more, 97% or more, 98% or more, 99% or more, or 100% sequence identity to SEQ ID NO: 6. In some embodiments, the regulatory element consists of a nucleotide sequence having 90% or more sequence identity to SEQ ID NO: 6. In some embodiments, the regulatory element consists of a nucleotide sequence having 95% or more sequence identity to SEQ ID NO: 6. In some embodiments, the regulatory element consists of a nucleotide sequence having 99% or more sequence identity to SEQ ID NO: 6. In some embodiments, the regulatory element consists of the nucleotide sequence of SEQ ID NO: 6. The regulatory element may act post-transcriptionally. The regulatory element may enhance mRNA stability. The regulatory element may increase expression of a polypeptide from a protein-coding sequence downstream thereof. The regulatory element may be a 5’UTR regulatory element. In another aspect, the present invention provides a polynucleotide comprising the regulatory element of the invention. In some embodiments, the regulatory element is operably linked to a protein-coding sequence and / or a promoter. In some embodiments, the polynucleotide comprises a promoter, a protein-coding sequence, and the regulatory element. In some embodiments, the polynucleotide comprises from 5’ to 3’: a promoter, the regulatory element, and a protein- coding sequence. In some embodiments, the polynucleotide comprises from 5’ to 3’: a promoter, a protein-coding sequence, and the regulatory element. In another aspect, the present invention provides an isolated polynucleotide comprising a nucleotide sequence having at least 90% sequence identity to SEQ ID NO: 40. In some embodiments, the nucleotide sequence is operably linked to a protein-coding sequence. In another aspect, the present invention provides an isolated polynucleotide comprising a nucleotide sequence having at least 90% sequence identity to SEQ ID NO: 93. In some embodiments, the nucleotide sequence is operably linked to a protein-coding sequence. In another aspect, the present invention provides an isolated polynucleotide comprising a nucleotide sequence having at least 90% sequence identity to SEQ ID NO: 41. In some embodiments, the nucleotide sequence is operably linked to a protein-coding sequence. In another aspect, the present invention provides an isolated polynucleotide comprising a nucleotide sequence having at least 90% sequence identity to SEQ ID NO: 42. In some embodiments, the nucleotide sequence is operably linked to a protein-coding sequence. In another aspect, the present invention provides an isolated polynucleotide comprising a nucleotide sequence having at least 90% sequence identity to SEQ ID NO: 43. In some embodiments, the nucleotide sequence is operably linked to a protein-coding sequence. In another aspect, the present invention provides a polynucleotide comprising a kidney- specific promoter, a regulatory element, and a protein-coding sequence, wherein the regulatory element comprises a spliceosomal intron or a fragment thereof comprising a branch point sequence, a polypyrimidine tract, and a 3’ splice acceptor site. In another aspect, the present invention provides a polynucleotide comprising a kidney- specific promoter, a regulatory element, and a protein-coding sequence, wherein the regulatory element comprises a spliceosomal intron or a fragment thereof lacking a 5’ splice donor site. In some embodiments, the polynucleotide comprises from 5’ to 3’: the kidney-specific promoter, the regulatory element, and the protein-coding sequence. In some embodiments, the polynucleotide comprises from 5’ to 3’: the kidney-specific promoter, the protein-coding sequence, and the regulatory element. In some embodiments, the spliceosomal intron is a rabbit beta globin intron or a variant thereof having at least 80% sequence identity thereto. In some embodiments, the spliceosomal intron is the rabbit beta globin intron I or a variant thereof having at least 80% sequence identity thereto. In some embodiments, the regulatory element is the regulatory element of the present invention. The protein-coding sequence may encode any polypeptide of interest. Suitably, the protein- coding sequence encodes a polypeptide associated with a kidney disease. In some embodiments, the protein-coding sequence encodes a NPHS2, NPHS1, CFI, CFH, FHL-1, COL4A3, COL4A4, COL4A5, C1INH, C4BP, MASP2, C3, C5aR1, C5, C5a, CD55, CD35, CD46, CD59, vitronectin, clusterin, ADCK4, ALG1, ARHGAP24, ARGHDIA, CD151, CD2AP, COQ2, COQ6, DGKE, E2F3, EMP2, KANK2, LAGE3, LMNA, LMX1B, MAF B, NUP85, NUP93, NXF5, OSGEP, PAX2, PDSS2, PMM2, PODXL, SCARB2, SGPL1, Smad7, TP53RK, TPRKB, VDR, WDR73, WT1, ZMPSTE24, APOL1, TRPC6, NUP107, NUP133, NUP160, ACTN4, INF2, ANKFY1, ANLN, CRB2, ITGA3, KANK1, KANK4, MAGI2, MYO1E, OCRL, PTPRO, SMARCAL1, SYNPO, TBC1D8B, XPO5, TNS2, NLRP3, or VEGFC polypeptide. The promoter may be any suitable promoter, in particular a kidney-specific promoter. In some embodiments, the promoter is a podocyte-specific promoter. In some embodiments, the promoter is a NPHS1 or a NPHS2 promoter. In some embodiments, the promoter is a minimal NPHS1 promoter or a minimal NPHS2 promoter. In some embodiments, the kidney- specific promoter comprises or consists of a nucleotide sequence having 80% or more, 85% or more, 90% or more, 91% or more, 92% or more, 93% or more, 94% or more, 95% or more, 96% or more, 97% or more, 98% or more, 99% or more, or 100% sequence identity to SEQ ID NO: 35. The polynucleotides of the invention may further comprise any other suitable sequences (e.g. further regulatory elements). In some embodiments, the polynucleotide further comprises a Woodchuck hepatitis post-transcriptional regulatory element (WPRE). In some embodiments, the polynucleotide further comprises a polyadenylation sequence. In some embodiments, the polynucleotide further comprises a 5’ ITR and / or a 3’ ITR. In some embodiments, the 5’ ITR comprises or consists of a nucleotide sequence having 80% or more, 85% or more, 90% or more, 91% or more, 92% or more, 93% or more, 94% or more, 95% or more, 96% or more, 97% or more, 98% or more, 99% or more, or 100% sequence identity to SEQ ID NO: 89. In some embodiments, the 3’ ITR comprises or consists of a nucleotide sequence having 80% or more, 85% or more, 90% or more, 91% or more, 92% or more, 93% or more, 94% or more, 95% or more, 96% or more, 97% or more, 98% or more, 99% or more, or 100% sequence identity to SEQ ID NO: 90. In another aspect, the present invention provides a vector comprising the polynucleotide of the invention. The vector may be any suitable vector, in particular any vector suitable for kidney gene therapy. Suitably, the vector is capable of transducing kidney cells. In some embodiments, the vector is capable of specifically transducing kidney cells. In some embodiments, the vector is capable of specifically transducing glomerular cells. In some embodiments, the vector is capable of specifically transducing podocytes. The vector may be a viral vector. In some embodiments, the vector is an adeno-associated virus (AAV) vector, a lentiviral vector, a retroviral vector, an adenoviral vector, an adeno- associated viral vector, a herpes simplex viral vector, an alphaviral vector, a flaviviral vector, a rhabdoviral vector, a measles viral vector, a Newcastle disease viral vector, a poxviral vector, and a picornaviral vector. In some embodiments, the vector is in the form of a viral vector particle. The vector may be an AAV vector. In some embodiments, the vector is the vector is in the form of an AAV vector particle. In some embodiments, the vector is the form of an AAV vector particle encapsidated by LK03, AAV3B, AAV9, ShH10, AAV-DJ, AAV2, AAV6.2, or AAV5 capsid proteins. The vector may be a plasmid. In another aspect, the present invention provides a kit for production of AAV vector particles comprising, a plasmid of the present invention, and one or more helper plasmids encoding AAV replication and capsid proteins. In another aspect, the present invention provides a cell comprising the polynucleotide of the present invention or the vector of the present invention. In another aspect, the present invention provides a pharmaceutical composition comprising the polynucleotide of the present invention, the vector of the present invention, or the cell of the present invention. In another aspect, the present invention provides a polynucleotide according to the present invention, a vector according to the present invention, a cell according to the present invention, or a pharmaceutical composition according to the present invention, for use as a medicament. In another aspect, the present invention provides use of a polynucleotide according to the present invention, a vector according to the present invention, a cell according to the present invention, or a pharmaceutical composition according to the present invention, for the manufacture of a medicament. In another aspect, the present invention provides a polynucleotide according to the present invention, a vector according to the present invention, a cell according to the present invention, or a pharmaceutical composition according to the present invention, for use in preventing and / or treating a kidney disease. In another aspect, the present invention provides use of a polynucleotide according to the present invention, a vector according to the present invention, a cell according to the present invention, or a pharmaceutical composition according to the present invention, for the manufacture of a medicament for preventing and / or treating a kidney disease. In another aspect, the present invention provides a method of preventing and / or treating a kidney disease comprising administering a polynucleotide according to the present invention, a vector according to the present invention, a cell according to the present invention, or a pharmaceutical composition according to the present invention, to a subject in need thereof. In another aspect, the present invention provides use of a regulatory element according to the present invention to increase expression of a polypeptide from a protein-coding sequence. In another aspect, the present invention provides a method of increasing expression of a polypeptide from a protein-coding sequence, the method comprising introducing a regulatory element according to the present invention upstream of the protein-coding sequence. DESCRIPTION OF DRAWINGS Figure 1 – Expression of luciferase in HEK 293T cells in the presence or absence of RBG intron I (A) Schematic of constructs tested. (B) Luciferase expression in HEK 293T cells by luciferase assay two days post-transfection. Figure 2 – Expression of podocin in podocytes and rescue of detachment in diseased podocytes in the presence or absence of RBG intron I (A) Schematic of AAV genomes tested. (B-E) Podocin expression quantification by ELISA after 10 days of differentiation and transduction in: (B) healthy podocytes at a multiplicity of infection of 1e5 vg / cell; (C) R138Q patient podocytes at a multiplicity of infection of 1e5 vg / cell; (D) R138Q patient podocytes at a multiplicity of infection of 5e4 vg / cell; and (E) R138Q patient podocytes at a multiplicity of infection of 1e4 vg / cell. (F-H) Rescue of detachment in diseased podocytes transduced with AAV at a multiplicity of infection of: (F) 1e5 vg / cell, (G) 5e4 vg / cell, or (H) 1e4 vg / cell. Figure 3 – Expression of podocin in podocytes and rescue of detachment in diseased podocytes using a CMV promoter (A) Podocin expression quantification by ELISA in healthy podocytes. (B) Podocin expression quantification by ELISA in R138Q patient podocytes. (C) Rescue of detachment in diseased podocytes transduced with AAV. (D) Schematic of AAV genome: CMV-podocin. Figure 4 – Expression of CFI, FHL1, CFH in HEK AD293 cells in the presence or absence of RBG intron I HEK AD293 cells were transfected with 2 µg of DNA plasmid and cultured in serum-free medium for 72h for supernatant collection. Samples were analysed by immunoblot, by incubating the membranes with anti-HA primary antibody (Cell Signalling) and anti-rabbit IgG HRP secondary antibody (Sigma). (A) Immunoblots showing supernatant from non-treated cells (NT) and from cells transfected with plasmid containing RBG-CFI vs CFI (n=2 independent biological replicates). (B) Immunoblots showing supernatant from non-treated cells (NT) and from cells transfected with plasmid containing RBG-FHL1 vs FHL1 (n=2 independent biological replicates). (C) Immunoblots showing supernatant from non-treated cells (NT) and from cells transfected with plasmid containing RBG-CFH vs CFH (n=2 independent biological replicates). Ladder = Molecular weight markers; NT = non-transfected cells; RBG.CFI = cells transfected with NPHS1(265)-RBG-coCFI plasmid; CFI = cells transfected with NPHS1(265)-coCFI plasmid; RBG.FHL1 = cells transfected with NPHS1(265)-RBG-coFHL1 plasmid; FHL = cells transfected with NPHS1(265)-coFHL plasmid; RBG.CFH = cells transfected with NPHS1(265)-RBG-coCFH plasmid; CFH = cells transfected with NPHS1(265)-coCFH plasmid. Figure 5 – Expression of CFI and FHL1 in human podocytes in the presence or absence of RBG intron I Human podocytes were transduced with LK03 AAV vectors at MOI 1e5 vg / cell and cultured in serum-free medium for 72h for supernatant collection. Samples were analysed by immunoblot, by incubating the membranes with anti-HA primary antibody (Cell Signalling) and anti-rabbit IgG HRP secondary antibody (Sigma) or by ELISA. (A) Representative immunoblot showing supernatant from non-treated cells (NT) and from podocytes transduced with LK03-NPHS1(265)-RBG-coCFI vs LK03-NPHS1(265)-coCFI, and LK03- NPHS1(265)-RBG-coFHL1 vs LK03-NPHS1(265)-coFHL1 (n=2 independent biological replicates). (B) CFI protein quantified by ELISA in supernatant from non-treated cells (NT) and from podocytes transduced with LK03-NPHS1(265)-RBG-coCFI vs LK03-NPHS1(265)- coCFI (n=2 independent biological replicates). Ladder = Molecular weight markers; NT = non-transduced cells; RGB.CFI = cells transduced with LK03-NPHS1(265)-RGB-coCFI AAV vector; CFI = cells transduced with LK03-NPHS1(265)-coCFI AAV vector; RGB.FHL1 = cells transduced with LK03-NPHS1(265)-RGB-coFHL1 AAV vector; FHL1 = cells transduced with LK03-NPHS1(265)-coFHL1 AAV vector. Figure 6 – Expression of FHL1 in wild-type mice in the presence or absence of RBG intron I The kidneys were collected 2 weeks upon intravenous injection of mice with AAV9- NPHS1(265)-coFHL1 or AAV9-NPHS1(265)-RBG-coFHL1 vectors at 1.5e12 vg / mouse and the level of gene expression determined by (A) RNA RT-qPCR or (B) DNA qPCR. For both the analyses, a probe targeting WPRE was used to measure AAV genomic DNA or RNA in tissue lysates. Data are represented as copies per µg of genomic RNA or DNA. Each dot represents a mouse and is the result of the mean of 2 technical replicates. Data are shown as mean ± standard deviation (SD). (C) Graph representing the FHL1 protein quantification by ELISA in kidney at 2, 5 and 9 weeks upon delivery of AAV vectors into the tail vein of wild-type mice (1.5e12 vg / mouse). The graph shows the mean of duplicates run in the ELISA, and each dot represents a mouse. The results were interpolated using sigmoidal, 4PL analysis. Data are represented as ng of FHL1 protein per µg of total protein and shown as mean ± SEM. DETAILED DESCRIPTION Various preferred features and embodiments of the present invention will now be described by way of non-limiting examples. This disclosure is not limited by the exemplary methods and materials disclosed herein, and any methods and materials similar or equivalent to those described herein can be used in the practice or testing of embodiments of this disclosure. The skilled person will understand that they can combine all features of the invention disclosed herein without departing from the scope of the invention as disclosed. It must be noted that as used herein and in the appended claims, the singular forms "a", "an", and "the" include plural referents unless the context clearly dictates otherwise. The terms "comprising", "comprises" and "comprised of" as used herein are synonymous with "including", "includes", "containing", or "contains", and are inclusive or open-ended and do not exclude additional, non-recited members, elements or steps. The terms "comprising", "comprises" and "comprised of" also include the term "consisting of". Numeric ranges are inclusive of the numbers defining the range. As used herein the term “about” means approximately, in the region of, roughly, or around. When the term “about” is used in conjunction with a numerical value or range, it modifies that value or range by extending the boundaries above and below the numerical value(s) set forth. In general, the terms “about” and “approximately” may be used herein to modify a numerical value(s) above and below the stated value(s) by 10%. Unless otherwise indicated, any nucleic acid sequences are written left to right in 5' to 3' orientation; amino acid sequences are written left to right in amino to carboxy orientation, respectively. The publications discussed herein are provided solely for their disclosure prior to the filing date of the present application. Nothing herein is to be construed as an admission that such publications constitute prior art to the claims appended hereto. All publications mentioned in the specification are herein incorporated by reference. Spliceosomal introns The present invention relates to regulatory elements derived from spliceosomal introns and their use in combination with kidney-specific promoters. A “spliceosomal intron” may refer to a non-coding sequence excised from pre-mRNAs by the spliceosome during mRNA splicing. Spliceosomal introns have been found in most eukaryotic genes and their lengths vary between species, from just tens of bases in some protists to hundreds of kilobases in some mammals (see e.g. Roy, S. W. and Gilbert, W., 2006. Nature Reviews Genetics, 7(3), pp.211-221). The spliceosomal intron may be a naturally-occurring spliceosomal intron, a chimeric spliceosomal intron (e.g. with elements derived from two or more naturally-occurring spliceosomal introns), or a variant spliceosomal intron. Examples of suitable naturally-occurring spliceosomal introns include the rabbit beta globin intron I, the rabbit beta globin intron II, the minute virus of mice (MVM) intron, and the F.IX truncated intron 1. Examples of suitable chimeric spliceosomal introns include β-globin SD / immunoglobin heavy chain SA, Adenovirus SD / immunoglobulin SA, SV40 late SD / SA (19S / 16S), and Hybrid adenovirus SD / IgG SA (see e.g. Powell, S.K., et al., 2015. Discovery medicine, 19(102), pp.49-57). Examples of suitable variant spliceosomal introns are described below. A spliceosomal intron may be capable of increasing expression of a protein-coding sequence, in particular a protein-coding sequence downstream thereof. The spliceosomal intron may be operable in mammalian cells, e.g. human cells. The spliceosomal intron may be capable of increasing expression of a protein-coding sequence in mammalian cells, e.g. human cells. The spliceosomal intron may be operable in kidney cells. The spliceosomal intron may be capable of increasing expression of a protein-coding sequence in the kidney. Examples of kidney cells include, but are not limited, to glomerular cells. The spliceosomal intron may be operable in glomerular cells. The spliceosomal intron may be capable of increasing expression of a protein-coding sequence in the glomerulus. The mature glomerulus contains four cell types: Parietal epithelial cells that form Bowman's capsule, podocytes that cover the outermost layer of the glomerular filtration barrier, glycocalyx-coated fenestrated endothelial cells that are in direct contact with blood, and mesangial cells that sit between the capillary loops (see e.g. Vaughan, M.R. and Quaggin, S.E., 2008. Journal of the American Society of Nephrology, 19(1), pp.24-33). The spliceosomal intron may be operable in a podocyte cell. The spliceosomal intron may be capable of increasing expression of a protein-coding sequence in podocytes. Expression of a protein-coding sequence may be measured by any suitable method known in the art. For example by measuring the expression of a reporter transgene, e.g. Luciferase, placed downstream of the spliceosomal intron, wherein expression of the reporter transgene correlates with the ability of the spliceosomal intron to increase expression of a protein- coding sequence. Expression of the reporter transgene, e.g. Luciferase may be determined by any suitable method. Suitable cell lines will be well known to those of skill in the art. For example, a suitable podocyte cell line is CIHP-1 and methods to generate immortalized podocytes will be well known to those of skill in the art (see e.g. Ni, L., et al., 2012. Nephrology, 17(6), pp.525-531). Spliceosomal intron elements A spliceosomal intron typically contains the following conserved elements from 5’ to 3’: a 5’ splice donor site, also known as a 5’ splice site; a branch point sequence, comprising the branch point; a polypyrimidine tract; and a 3’ splice acceptor site, also known as a 3’ splice site (see e.g. Padgett, R.A., et al., 1986. Annual review of biochemistry, 55(1), pp.1119- 1150). In human spliceosomal introns, the human branch point consensus sequence is yUnAy, where the branch point ‘A’ is underlined. Branch points are typically located 21–34 nucleotides upstream of the 3′ end of an intron. A polypyrimidine stretch typically spans 4–24 nucleotides downstream of the branch point (see e.g. Gao, K., et al., 2008. Nucleic acids research, 36(7), pp.2257-2267). The spliceosomal intron may comprise each of the 5’ splice donor site, the branch point sequence, the polypyrimidine tract, and the 3’ splice acceptor site in consensus positions. Suitably, the 5’ splice donor site is from about 10 bp to about 1000 bp upstream of the branch point or from about 50 bp to about 100 bp upstream of the branch point. Suitably, the polypyrimidine tract is from about 4 bp to about 24 bp downstream of the branch point. Suitably, the 3’ splice point is from about 21 bp to about 34 bp downstream of the branch point. The spliceosomal intron may comprise a consensus 5’ splice donor site, a consensus branch point sequence, a consensus polypyrimidine tract, and / or a consensus 3’ splice acceptor site. In some embodiments, the spliceosomal intron comprises at least a consensus branch point sequence and a consensus 3’ splice acceptor site. Suitably, a consensus 5’ splice donor site comprises or consists of the nucleotide sequence GTRAGT. Suitably, a consensus branch point sequence comprises or consists of the nucleotide sequence YTNAY. In some embodiments, the branch point sequence comprises or consists of the nucleotide sequence TGCTGAC. Suitably, a consensus polypyrimidine tract comprises or consists of (Y)n2, where n2 is from about 10 to about 20. Suitably, a consensus 3’ splice acceptor site comprises or consists of the nucleotide sequence YAGG. Suitably, the spliceosomal intron has a length of about 1000 bp or less, about 900 bp or less, about 800 bp or less, about 700 bp or less, about 600 bp or less, about 500 bp or less, about 400 bp or less, about 300 bp or less, about 200 bp or less, about 150 bp or less, about 140 bp or less, or about 130 bp or less. Suitably, the spliceosomal intron has a length of about 40 bp or more, about 50 bp or more, about 60 bp or more, about 70 bp or more, about 80 bp or more, about 90 bp or more, about 100 bp or more, about 100 bp or more, about 105 bp or more, about 110 bp or more, about 115 bp or more, or about 120 bp or more. Suitably, the spliceosomal intron has a length of from about 100 bp to about 1000 bp, from about 100 bp to about 900 bp, from about 100 bp to about 800 bp, from about 100 bp to about 700 bp, from about 100 bp to about 600 bp, from about 100 bp to about 500 bp, from about 100 bp to about 400 bp, from about 100 bp to about 300 bp, from about 100 bp to about 200 bp, or from about 100 bp to about 150 bp. Suitably, the spliceosomal intron may comprise or consist of the nucleotide sequence GTRAGT(N)xYTNAY(N)n1(Y)n2(N)n3YAGG, wherein x is from about 10 to about 1000 (e.g. from about 10 to about 100), n1 is from about 2 to about 22, n2 is from about 10 to about 20, and n1 + n2 + n3 is from about 15 to about 40, or a nucleotide sequence having five or fewer, four or fewer, three or fewer, two or fewer, or one nucleotide substitution. Variant spliceosomal introns A variant spliceosomal intron may be derived from any naturally-occurring or chimeric spliceosomal intron, referred to herein as the “wild-type spliceosomal intron”. Suitably, a variant spliceosomal intron may have 70% or more, 75% or more, 80% or more, 81% or more, 82% or more, 83% or more, 84% or more, 85% or more, 86% or more, 87% or more, 88% or more, 89% or more, 90% or more, 91% or more, 92% or more, 93% or more, 94% or more, 95% or more, 96% or more, 97% or more, 98% or more, 99% or more, or 100% sequence identity to a wild-type spliceosomal intron. A variant spliceosomal intron may be obtained by substituting, inserting, and / or deleting 20 or fewer, 15 or fewer, 10 or fewer, 9 or fewer, 8 or fewer, 7 or fewer, 6 or fewer, 5 or fewer, 4 or fewer, 3 or fewer, 2 or fewer, or 1 nucleotide(s) into the wild-type spliceosomal intron. A variant spliceosomal intron may be obtained by substituting 10 or fewer, 9 or fewer, 8 or fewer, 7 or fewer, 6 or fewer, 5 or fewer, 4 or fewer, 3 or fewer, 2 or fewer, or 1 nucleotide(s) of the wild-type spliceosomal intron. A variant spliceosomal intron may be obtained by inserting 20 or fewer, 15 or fewer, 10 or fewer, 9 or fewer, 8 or fewer, 7 or fewer, 6 or fewer, 5 or fewer, 4 or fewer, 3 or fewer, 2 or fewer, or 1 nucleotide(s) into the wild-type spliceosomal intron. A variant spliceosomal intron may be obtained by deleting 20 or fewer, 15 or fewer, 10 or fewer, 9 or fewer, 8 or fewer, 7 or fewer, 6 or fewer, 5 or fewer, 4 or fewer, 3 or fewer, 2 or fewer, or 1 nucleotide(s) from the wild-type spliceosomal intron. In some embodiments, a variant spliceosomal intron has 5 or fewer, 4 or fewer, 3 or fewer, 2 or fewer, or 1 nucleotide substitution(s) compared to a wild-type spliceosomal intron. Suitably, a variant spliceosomal intron retains or improves the wild-type spliceosomal introns ability to increase expression of a protein-coding sequence. Expression of a protein-coding sequence may be measured by any suitable method known in the art. For example by measuring the expression of a reporter transgene, e.g. Luciferase, placed downstream of the spliceosomal intron, wherein expression of the reporter transgene correlates with the ability of the spliceosomal intron to increase expression of a protein-coding sequence. Suitably, the variant spliceosomal intron increases expression of a protein-coding sequence to at least 50%, at least 60%, at least 70%, at least 80%, at least 90%, or at least 100% of the level of the wild-type spliceosomal intron. Suitably, a wild-type spliceosomal intron may be modified to increase (or decrease) the consensus, to insert further nucleotide sequences, and / or to delete nucleotide sequences which are not required for the spliceosomal intron to increase expression of a protein-coding sequence. In some embodiments, the wild-type spliceosomal intron is modified to increase the consensus. Suitably, a variant spliceosomal intron may be obtained by modifying the wild-type spliceosomal intron to increase the consensus. Suitably, the 5’ splice donor site may be altered to consist of the consensus sequence GTRAGT; the branch point sequence may be altered to consist of the consensus sequence YTNAY; the polypyrimidine tract may be altered to consist of (Y)n2, where n2 is from about 10 to about 20; and / or the 3’ splice acceptor site may be altered to consist of YAGG. In some embodiments, the branch point sequence is altered to consist of the nucleotide sequence TGCTGAC. In some embodiments, the polypyrimidine tract is altered to consist of the nucleotide sequence (Y)n2, where n2 is from about 10 to about 20. Alternatively (or additionally), a variant spliceosomal intron may be obtained by modifying the wild-type spliceosomal intron to decrease the consensus, e.g. by making five or fewer, four or fewer, three or fewer, two or fewer, or one or fewer nucleotide substitution. In particular, the 5’ splice donor site and / or polypyrimidine tract may each be modified by making one or more nucleotide substitution. Such a modification may be made without affecting the ability of the spliceosomal intron to increase expression of a protein-coding sequence. Suitably, a variant spliceosomal intron may be obtained by modifying the wild-type spliceosomal intron to insert and / or delete nucleotide sequences such that the polypyrimidine tract and / or the 3’ splice acceptor site are in consensus positions. Suitably, one or more nucleotides sequences are inserted and / or deleted such that the polypyrimidine tract is about 4 to about 24 bp downstream of the branch point. Suitably, one or more nucleotides sequences are inserted and / or deleted such that the 3’ splice point is from about 21 to about 34 bp downstream of the branch point. Suitably, a variant spliceosomal intron may be obtained by modifying the wild-type spliceosomal intron to insert nucleotide sequences. For example, one or more nucleotide sequences (e.g. one or more restriction site) may be introduced upstream of the branch point sequence without affecting the ability of the spliceosomal intron to increase expression of a protein-coding sequence. Suitably, the insertion is about 100 bp or less, about 50 bp or less, about 45 bp or less, about 40 bp or less, about 40 bp or less, about 35 bp or less, about 30 bp or less, about 25 bp or less, about 20 bp or less, about 15 bp or less, about 10 bp or less, or about 5 bp or less in length. In some embodiments, the insertion is about 12 bp in length. Suitably, a variant spliceosomal intron may be obtained by modifying the wild-type spliceosomal intron to delete nucleotide sequences upstream of the branch point sequence. Sequences downstream of the 5’ splice donor site and upstream of the branch point sequence may be deleted without affecting the ability of the spliceosomal intron to increase expression of a protein-coding sequence. Moreover, the present inventors have surprisingly found that deletion of the 5’ splice donor site may not affect the ability of a spliceosomal intron to increase expression of a protein-coding sequence. In some embodiments, the 5’ splice donor site is deleted. Suitably, the deletion is about 80 bp or less, about 75 bp or less, about 70 bp or less, about 65 bp or less, about 60 bp or less, about 55 bp or less, about 50 bp or less, about 45 bp or less, about 40 bp or less, about 40 bp or less, about 35 bp or less, about 30 bp or less, or about 25 bp or less in length. In some embodiments, the deletion is about 22 bp in length and includes the 5’ splice donor site. Suitably, a variant spliceosomal intron may have a length of about 1000 bp or less, about 900 bp or less, about 800 bp or less, about 700 bp or less, about 600 bp or less, about 500 bp or less, about 400 bp or less, about 300 bp or less, about 200 bp or less, about 150 bp or less, about 140 bp or less, or about 130 bp or less. Suitably, a variant spliceosomal intron may have a length of about 40 bp or more, about 50 bp or more, about 60 bp or more, about 70 bp or more, about 80 bp or more, about 90 bp or more, about 100 bp or more, about 100 bp or more, about 105 bp or more, about 110 bp or more, about 115 bp or more, or about 120 bp or more. Suitably, a variant spliceosomal intron may have a length of from about 100 bp to about 1000 bp, from about 100 bp to about 900 bp, from about 100 bp to about 800 bp, from about 100 bp to about 700 bp, from about 100 bp to about 600 bp, from about 100 bp to about 500 bp, from about 100 bp to about 400 bp, from about 100 bp to about 300 bp, from about 100 bp to about 200 bp, or from about 100 bp to about 150 bp. Suitably, a variant spliceosomal intron may comprise or consist of the nucleotide sequence (N)xYTNAY(N)n1(Y)n2(N)n3YAGG, wherein x is from about 10 to about 1000 (e.g. from about 10 to about 100), n1 is from about 2 to about 22, n2 is from about 10 to about 20, and n1 + n2 + n3 is from about 15 to about 40, or a nucleotide sequence having five or fewer, four or fewer, three or fewer, two or fewer, or one nucleotide substitution. Rabbit beta globin introns The spliceosomal intron may be a rabbit beta globin intron or a variant thereof. The rabbit beta globin (RBG) gene may have GenBank accession number V00882. The RBG intron I may comprise or consist of the nucleotide sequence of SEQ ID NO: 1. The RBG intron II may comprise or consist of the nucleotide sequence of SEQ ID NO: 2. gttggtatcctttttacagcacaacttaatgagacagatagaaactggtcttgtagaaacag agtagtcgcctgcttttctgccaggtgctgacttctctcccctgggctgttttcattttctc agg Rabbit beta globin intron I (SEQ ID NO: 1) gtgagtttggggacccttgattgttctttctttttcgctattgtaaaattcatgttatatgg agggggcaaagttttcagggtgttgtttagaatgggaagatgtcccttgtatcaccatggac cctcatgataattttgtttctttcactttctactctgttgacaaccattgtctcctcttatt ttcttttcattttctgtaactttttcgttaaactttagcttgcatttgtaacgaatttttaa attcacttttgtttatttgtcagattgtaagtactttctctaatcacttttttttcaaggca atcagggtatattatattgtacttcagcacagttttagagaacaattgttataattaaatga taaggtagaatatttctgcatataaattctggctggcgtggaaatattcttattggtagaaa caactacatcctggtcatcatcctgcctttctctttatggttacaatgatatacactgtttg agatgaggataaaatactctgagtccaaaccgggcccctctgctaaccatgttcatgccttc ttctttttcctacagc Rabbit beta globin intron II (SEQ ID NO: 2) In some embodiments, the spliceosomal intron is a rabbit beta globin intron or a variant thereof having 70% or more, 75% or more, 80% or more, 81% or more, 82% or more, 83% or more, 84% or more, 85% or more, 86% or more, 87% or more, 88% or more, 89% or more, 90% or more, 91% or more, 92% or more, 93% or more, 94% or more, 95% or more, 96% or more, 97% or more, 98% or more, 99% or more, or 100% sequence identity thereto. In some embodiments, the spliceosomal intron is the rabbit beta globin intron I or a variant thereof having 70% or more, 75% or more, 80% or more, 81% or more, 82% or more, 83% or more, 84% or more, 85% or more, 86% or more, 87% or more, 88% or more, 89% or more, 90% or more, 91% or more, 92% or more, 93% or more, 94% or more, 95% or more, 96% or more, 97% or more, 98% or more, 99% or more, or 100% sequence identity thereto. In some embodiments, the spliceosomal intron is the rabbit beta globin intron I or a variant thereof having 80% or more, 81% or more, 82% or more, 83% or more, 84% or more, 85% or more, 86% or more, or 87% or more sequence identity thereto. In some embodiments, the variant has 87% or less sequence identity thereto. An example RBG intron I variant is provided below in SEQ ID NO: 3. Compared to the RBG intron I, the polypyrimidine tract sequence has been altered by substituting the native G and A residues in this region with T to increase the polypyrimidine tract consensus. gttggtatcctttttacagcacaacttaatgagacagatagaaactggtcttgtagaaacag agtagtcgcctgcttttctgccaggtgctgacttctctcccctgggcttttttctttttctc agg Example RBG intron I variant (SEQ ID NO: 3) In some embodiments, the spliceosomal intron does not comprise a HTLV-IR 5′ splice donor site. In some embodiments, the spliceosomal intron does not comprise the nucleotide sequence GTAAGT upstream of the branch point sequence. In some embodiments, the spliceosomal intron does not comprise a HTLV-IR 5′ intronic splice donor region. In some embodiments, the spliceosomal intron does not comprise a nucleotide sequence having 70% or more, 75% or more, 80% or more, 81% or more, 82% or more, 83% or more, 84% or more, 85% or more, 86% or more, 87% or more, 88% or more, 89% or more, 90% or more, 91% or more, 92% or more, 93% or more, 94% or more, 95% or more, 96% or more, 97% or more, 98% or more, 99% or more, or 100% sequence identity to SEQ ID NO: 4. In some embodiments, the spliceosomal intron does not comprise the nucleotide sequence of SEQ ID NO: 4. gtaagtttaaagctcaggtcgagaccgggcctttgtccggcgctcccttggagcctacctag actcagccggctctccacgctttgcctgaccctgcttgctcaactct HTLV-IR 5′ intronic splice donor region (SEQ ID NO: 4) In some embodiments, the spliceosomal intron does not comprise the nucleotide sequence of SEQ ID NO: 91. aggtaagtttaaagctcaggtcgagaccgggcctttgtccggcgctcccttggagcctacct agactcagccggctctccacgctttgcctgaccctgcttgctcaactctagttctctcgtta acttaatgagacagatagaaactggtcttgtagaaacagagtagtcgcctgcttttctgcca ggtgctgacttctctcccctgggcttttttctttttctcagg Examplehybrid intron (SEQ ID NO: 91) Regulatory elements The present invention provides a regulatory element derived from a spliceosomal intron. A “regulatory element” may refer to any sequence which increases expression of a protein- coding sequence, e.g. which acts to increase expression of a transcript or to enhance mRNA stability. Suitably, the regulatory element may act post-transcriptionally (i.e. is a post- transcriptional regulatory element). Suitably, the regulatory element may enhance mRNA stability. The regulatory element may, in particular, be capable of increasing expression of a protein- coding sequence downstream thereof. The regulatory element may be a 5’UTR regulatory element. A “5’UTR regulatory element” may refer to a sequence which increases expression of a protein-coding sequence downstream thereof. Suitably, the regulatory element is operable in mammalian cells, e.g. human cells. The regulatory element may be capable of increasing expression of a protein-coding sequence in mammalian cells, e.g. human cells. The regulatory element may be a mammalian regulatory element. The regulatory element may be operable in kidney cells. The regulatory element of the invention may be capable of increasing expression of a protein-coding sequence in the kidney. Examples of kidney cells include, but are not limited, to glomerular cells. The regulatory element may be operable in glomerular cells. The regulatory element of the invention may be capable of increasing expression of a protein-coding sequence in the glomerulus. The regulatory element may be operable in a podocyte cell. The regulatory element of the invention may be capable of increasing expression of a protein-coding sequence in podocytes. Spliceosomal intron fragments The regulatory element may be a fragment of any naturally-occurring, chimeric, or variant spliceosomal intron, comprising or consisting of the following conserved elements from 5’ to 3’: a branch point sequence; a polypyrimidine tract; and a 3’ splice acceptor site. The regulatory element preferably does not comprise a 5’ splice donor site. In some embodiments, the regulatory element does not comprise the nucleotide sequence GTRAGT upstream of the branch point sequence. In some embodiments, the regulatory element does not comprise the nucleotide sequence GTTGGT upstream of the branch point sequence. In some embodiments, the regulatory element does not comprise a HTLV-IR 5′ splice donor site. In some embodiments, the regulatory element does not comprise the nucleotide sequence GTAAGT upstream of the branch point sequence. The regulatory element may comprise each of the branch point sequence, the polypyrimidine tract, and the 3’ splice acceptor site in consensus positions. Suitably, the polypyrimidine tract is from about 4 to about 24 bp downstream of the branch point. Suitably, the 3’ splice point is from about 21 to about 34 bp downstream of the branch point. The regulatory element may comprise a consensus branch point sequence, a consensus polypyrimidine tract, and / or a consensus 3’ splice acceptor site. In some embodiments, the regulatory element comprises at least a consensus branch point sequence and a consensus 3’ splice acceptor site. In some embodiments, the regulatory element comprises a consensus branch point sequence, a consensus polypyrimidine tract, and a consensus 3’ splice acceptor site. Suitably, the regulatory element has a length of about 150 bp or less, about 145 bp or less, about 140 bp or less, about 135 bp or less, about 130 bp or less, about 125 bp or less, or about 120 bp or less. Suitably, the regulatory element has a length of about 25 bp or more, about 30 bp or more, about 35 bp or more, about 40 bp or more, about 45 bp or more, about 50 bp or more, about 55 bp or more, about 60 bp or more, about 65 bp or more, about 70 bp or more, about 75 bp or more, about 80 bp or more, about 85 bp or more, about 90 bp or more, about 95 bp or more, about 100 bp or more, about 105 bp or more, about 110 bp or more, or about 115 bp or more. Suitably, the regulatory element has a length of from about 100 bp to about 135 bp, from about 105 bp to about 130 bp, from about 110 bp to about 125 bp, or from about 115 bp to about 120 bp. In some embodiments, the regulatory element has a length of about 117 bp. In some embodiments, the regulatory element has a length of 117 bp. Suitably, the regulatory element may comprise or consist of the nucleotide sequence (N)xYTNAY(N)n1(Y)n2(N)n3YAGG, wherein x is from about 10 to about 1000 (e.g. from about 10 to about 100), n1 is from about 2 to about 22, n2 is from about 10 to about 20, and n1 + n2 + n3 is from about 15 to about 40, or a nucleotide sequence having five or fewer, four or fewer, three or fewer, two or fewer, or one nucleotide substitution. Suitably, the regulatory element may comprise or consist of the nucleotide sequence (N)xYTNAY(N)n1(Y)n2(N)n3YAGG, wherein x is from about 10 to about 1000 (e.g. from about 10 to about 100), n1 is from about 2 to about 22, n2 is from about 10 to about 20, and n1 + n2 + n3 is from about 15 to about 40. Suitably, the regulatory element may comprise or consist of the nucleotide sequence YTNAY(N)n1(Y)n2(N)n3YAGG, wherein n1 is from about 2 to about 22, n2 is from about 10 to about 20, and n1 + n2 + n3 is from about 15 to about 40, or a nucleotide sequence having five or fewer, four or fewer, three or fewer, two or fewer, or one nucleotide substitution. Suitably, the regulatory element may comprise or consist of the nucleotide sequence YTNAY(N)n1(Y)n2(N)n3YAGG, wherein n1 is from about 2 to about 22, n2 is from about 10 to about 20, and n1 + n2 + n3 is from about 15 to about 40. Design of regulatory elements The regulatory element may be derived from any naturally-occurring, chimeric, or variant spliceosomal intron. Suitably, a regulatory element may have 70% or more, 75% or more, 80% or more, 81% or more, 82% or more, 83% or more, 84% or more, 85% or more, 86% or more, 87% or more, 88% or more, 89% or more, 90% or more, 91% or more, 92% or more, 93% or more, 94% or more, 95% or more, 96% or more, 97% or more, 98% or more, 99% or more, or 100% sequence identity to a naturally-occurring, chimeric, or variant spliceosomal intron. A regulatory element may be obtained from a naturally-occurring, chimeric, or variant spliceosomal intron by substituting, inserting, and / or deleting 20 or fewer, 15 or fewer, 10 or fewer, 9 or fewer, 8 or fewer, 7 or fewer, 6 or fewer, 5 or fewer, 4 or fewer, 3 or fewer, 2 or fewer, or 1 nucleotide(s). A regulatory element may be obtained from a naturally-occurring, chimeric, or variant spliceosomal intron by substituting 10 or fewer, 9 or fewer, 8 or fewer, 7 or fewer, 6 or fewer, 5 or fewer, 4 or fewer, 3 or fewer, 2 or fewer, or 1 nucleotide(s). A regulatory element may be obtained from a naturally-occurring, chimeric, or variant spliceosomal intron by inserting 20 or fewer, 15 or fewer, 10 or fewer, 9 or fewer, 8 or fewer, 7 or fewer, 6 or fewer, 5 or fewer, 4 or fewer, 3 or fewer, 2 or fewer, or 1 nucleotide(s). A regulatory element may be obtained from a naturally-occurring, chimeric, or variant spliceosomal intron by deleting 20 or fewer, 15 or fewer, 10 or fewer, 9 or fewer, 8 or fewer, 7 or fewer, 6 or fewer, 5 or fewer, 4 or fewer, 3 or fewer, 2 or fewer, or 1 nucleotide(s). A regulatory element may be derived from a naturally-occurring, chimeric, or variant spliceosomal intron whilst retaining its ability to increase expression of a protein-coding sequence. Expression of a protein-coding sequence may be measured by any suitable method known in the art. For example by measuring the expression of a reporter transgene, e.g. Luciferase, placed downstream of the regulatory element, wherein expression of the reporter transgene correlates with the ability of the regulatory element to increase expression of a protein-coding sequence. Suitably, the regulatory element increases expression of a protein-coding sequence to at least 50%, at least 60%, at least 70%, at least 80%, at least 90%, or at least 100% of the level of the naturally-occurring, chimeric, or variant spliceosomal intron. Suitably, the naturally-occurring, chimeric, or variant spliceosomal intron may be modified to increase (or decrease) the consensus, to insert further nucleotide sequences, and / or to delete nucleotide sequences which are not required for the regulatory element to increase expression of a protein-coding sequence. Suitably, a regulatory element may be derived from a naturally-occurring, chimeric, or variant spliceosomal intron by modifying the sequence to increase the consensus. Suitably, the branch point sequence may be altered to consist of the consensus sequence YTNAY, the polypyrimidine tract may be altered to consist of (Y)n2, where n2 is from about 10 to about 20, and / or the 3’ splice acceptor site may be altered to consist of YAGG. In some embodiments, the branch point sequence is altered to consist of the nucleotide sequence TGCTGAC. In some embodiments, the polypyrimidine tract is altered to consist of the nucleotide sequence (Y)n2, where n2 is from about 10 to about 20. Alternatively (or additionally), a regulatory element may be derived from a naturally- occurring, chimeric, or variant spliceosomal intron by modifying the sequence to decrease the consensus, e.g. by making five or fewer, four or fewer, three or fewer, two or fewer, or one or fewer nucleotide substitution. In particular, the polypyrimidine tract may each be modified by making one or more nucleotide substitution. Such a modification may be made without affecting the ability of the spliceosomal intron to increase expression of a protein- coding sequence. Suitably, a regulatory element may be derived from a naturally-occurring, chimeric, or variant spliceosomal intron by modifying the sequence to insert and / or delete nucleotide sequences such that the polypyrimidine tract and / or the 3’ splice acceptor site are in consensus positions. Suitably, one or more nucleotides sequences are inserted and / or deleted such that the polypyrimidine tract is about 4 to about 24 bp downstream of the branch point. Suitably, one or more nucleotides sequences are inserted and / or deleted such that the 3’ splice point is from about 21 to about 34 bp downstream of the branch point. Suitably, a regulatory element may be derived from a naturally-occurring, chimeric, or variant spliceosomal intron by modifying the sequence to insert nucleotide sequences. For example, one or more nucleotide sequences (e.g. one or more restriction site) may be introduced upstream of the branch point sequence without affecting the ability of the regulatory element to increase expression of a protein-coding sequence. Suitably, the insertion is about 100 bp or less, about 50 bp or less, about 45 bp or less, about 40 bp or less, about 40 bp or less, about 35 bp or less, about 30 bp or less, about 25 bp or less, about 20 bp or less, about 15 bp or less, about 10 bp or less, or about 5 bp or less in length. In some embodiments, the insertion is about 12 bp in length. Suitably, a regulatory element may be derived a naturally-occurring, chimeric, or variant spliceosomal intron by modifying the sequence to delete nucleotide sequences upstream of the branch point sequence. Sequences upstream of the branch point sequence may be deleted without affecting the ability of the regulatory element to increase expression of a protein-coding sequence. Suitably, the deletion is about 80 bp or less, about 75 bp or less, about 70 bp or less, about 65 bp or less, about 60 bp or less, about 55 bp or less, about 50 bp or less, about 45 bp or less, about 40 bp or less, about 40 bp or less, about 35 bp or less, about 30 bp or less, or about 25 bp or less in length. In some embodiments, the deletion is about 22 bp in length and includes the 5’ splice donor site. Example regulatory elements In some embodiments, the regulatory element is derived from a RBG intron or a variant thereof. In some embodiments, the regulatory element is derived from the RBG intron I. An example regulatory element derived from the RBG intron I is provided below in SEQ ID NO: 5. Compared to the RBG intron I, the polypyrimidine tract sequence has been altered by substituting the native G and A residues in this region with T to increase the polypyrimidine tract consensus; and 22 nucleotides at the 5’ end have been deleted, including the 5’ splice donor site. aacttaatgagacagatagaaactggtcttgtagaaacagagtagtcgcctgcttttctgcc aggtgctgacttctctcccctgggcttttttctttttctcagg Example regulatory element (SEQ ID NO: 5) In some embodiments, the regulatory element comprises or consists of a nucleotide sequence having 70% or more, 75% or more, 80% or more, 81% or more, 82% or more, 83% or more, 84% or more, 85% or more, 86% or more, 87% or more, 88% or more, 89% or more, 90% or more, 91% or more, 92% or more, 93% or more, 94% or more, 95% or more, 96% or more, 97% or more, 98% or more, 99% or more, or 100% sequence identity to SEQ ID NO: 5. In some embodiments, the regulatory element comprises or consists of a nucleotide sequence having 90% or more sequence identity to SEQ ID NO: 5. In some embodiments, the regulatory element comprises or consists of a nucleotide sequence having 95% or more sequence identity to SEQ ID NO: 5. In some embodiments, the regulatory element comprises or consists of a nucleotide sequence having 96% or more sequence identity to SEQ ID NO: 5. In some embodiments, the regulatory element comprises or consists of a nucleotide sequence having 97% or more sequence identity to SEQ ID NO: 5. In some embodiments, the regulatory element comprises or consists of a nucleotide sequence having 98% or more sequence identity to SEQ ID NO: 5. In some embodiments, the regulatory element comprises or consists of a nucleotide sequence having 99% or more sequence identity to SEQ ID NO: 5. In some embodiments, the regulatory element comprises or consists of the nucleotide sequence SEQ ID NO: 5, or a variant thereof having 5 or fewer, 4 or fewer, 3 or fewer, 2 or fewer, or 1 nucleotide substitution(s), deletion(s), and / or insertion(s). In some embodiments, the regulatory element comprises or consists of the nucleotide sequence SEQ ID NO: 5, or a variant thereof having 5 or fewer, 4 or fewer, 3 or fewer, 2 or fewer, or 1 nucleotide substitution(s). In some embodiments, the regulatory element comprises or consists of the nucleotide sequence SEQ ID NO: 5. Another example regulatory element derived from the RBG intron I is provided below in SEQ ID NO: 6. Compared to SEQ ID NO: 5, 12 nucleotides have been inserted at the 5’ end (including a restriction site but not including a 5’ splice donor site). agttctctcgttaacttaatgagacagatagaaactggtcttgtagaaacagagtagtcgcc tgcttttctgccaggtgctgacttctctcccctgggcttttttctttttctcagg Example regulatory element (SEQ ID NO: 6) In some embodiments, the regulatory element comprises or consists of a nucleotide sequence having 70% or more, 75% or more, 80% or more, 81% or more, 82% or more, 83% or more, 84% or more, 85% or more, 86% or more, 87% or more, 88% or more, 89% or more, 90% or more, 91% or more, 92% or more, 93% or more, 94% or more, 95% or more, 96% or more, 97% or more, 98% or more, 99% or more, or 100% sequence identity to SEQ ID NO: 6. In some embodiments, the regulatory element comprises or consists of a nucleotide sequence having 90% or more sequence identity to SEQ ID NO: 6. In some embodiments, the regulatory element comprises or consists of a nucleotide sequence having 95% or more sequence identity to SEQ ID NO: 6. In some embodiments, the regulatory element comprises or consists of a nucleotide sequence having 96% or more sequence identity to SEQ ID NO: 6. In some embodiments, the regulatory element comprises or consists of a nucleotide sequence having 97% or more sequence identity to SEQ ID NO: 6. In some embodiments, the regulatory element comprises or consists of a nucleotide sequence having 98% or more sequence identity to SEQ ID NO: 6. In some embodiments, the regulatory element comprises or consists of a nucleotide sequence having 99% or more sequence identity to SEQ ID NO: 6. In some embodiments, the regulatory element comprises or consists of the nucleotide sequence SEQ ID NO: 6, or a variant thereof having 5 or fewer, 4 or fewer, 3 or fewer, 2 or fewer, or 1 nucleotide substitution(s), deletion(s), and / or insertion(s). In some embodiments, the regulatory element comprises or consists of the nucleotide sequence SEQ ID NO: 6, or a variant thereof having 5 or fewer, 4 or fewer, 3 or fewer, 2 or fewer, or 1 nucleotide substitution(s). In some embodiments, the regulatory element comprises or consists of the nucleotide sequence SEQ ID NO: 6. In some embodiments, the regulatory element consists of the nucleotide sequence SEQ ID NO: 6, or a variant thereof having 5 or fewer, 4 or fewer, 3 or fewer, 2 or fewer, or 1 nucleotide substitution(s), deletion(s), and / or insertion(s). In some embodiments, the regulatory element consists of the nucleotide sequence SEQ ID NO: 6, or a variant thereof having 5 or fewer, 4 or fewer, 3 or fewer, 2 or fewer, or 1 nucleotide substitution(s). In some embodiments, the regulatory element consists of the nucleotide sequence SEQ ID NO: 6. In some embodiments, the regulatory element does not comprise a HTLV-IR 5′ intronic splice donor region. In some embodiments, the regulatory element does not comprise a nucleotide sequence having 70% or more, 75% or more, 80% or more, 81% or more, 82% or more, 83% or more, 84% or more, 85% or more, 86% or more, 87% or more, 88% or more, 89% or more, 90% or more, 91% or more, 92% or more, 93% or more, 94% or more, 95% or more, 96% or more, 97% or more, 98% or more, 99% or more, or 100% sequence identity to SEQ ID NO: 4. In some embodiments, the regulatory element does not comprise the nucleotide sequence of SEQ ID NO: 4. Polynucleotides In one aspect, the present invention provides a polynucleotide comprising the regulatory element of the present invention. In some embodiments, the regulatory element is operably linked to a protein-coding sequence, and / or a promoter (e.g. a kidney-specific promoter). In some embodiments, the regulatory element is operably linked to a protein-coding sequence and a promoter (e.g. a kidney-specific promoter). As used herein, the term “operably linked” may mean that the elements described are in a relationship permitting them to function in their intended manner. In some embodiments, the polynucleotide comprises a promoter (e.g. a kidney-specific promoter), the regulatory element, and a protein-coding sequence. In some embodiments, the polynucleotide comprises from 5’ to 3’: a promoter (e.g. a kidney-specific promoter), the regulatory element, and a protein-coding sequence. In some embodiments, the polynucleotide comprises from 5’ to 3’: a promoter (e.g. a kidney-specific promoter), a protein-coding sequence, and the regulatory element. In another aspect, the present invention provides a polynucleotide comprising a kidney- specific promoter; a spliceosomal intron, or a regulatory element of the present invention; and a protein-coding sequence. In another aspect, the present invention provides a polynucleotide comprising from 5’ to 3’: a kidney-specific promoter; a spliceosomal intron, or a regulatory element of the present invention; and a protein-coding sequence. In another aspect, the present invention provides a polynucleotide comprising from 5’ to 3’: a kidney- specific promoter; a protein-coding sequence; and a spliceosomal intron, or a regulatory element of the present invention. The polynucleotide of the invention may be an isolated polynucleotide. The polynucleotide of the invention may comprise or consist of DNA and / or RNA (e.g. wherein “T” is replaced by “U” as appropriate). Preferably, the polynucleotide of the invention consists of DNA. Suitably, the polynucleotide of the invention may be limited to a size suitable to be inserted into a vector (e.g. an adeno-associated viral (AAV) vector). Suitably, the polynucleotide of the invention may be 5.0 kb or less, 4.9 kb or less, 4.8 kb or less, 4.7 kb or less in total length. In some embodiments, the polynucleotide of the invention is 4.7 kb or less in total length. Suitably, the polynucleotide of the invention may be 4.0 kb or more, 4.1 kb or more, 4.2 kb or more, 4.3 kb or more, 4.4 kb or more, 4.5 kb or more, or 4.6 kb or more in total length. In some embodiments, the polynucleotide of the invention is from 4.0 kb to 4.7 kb, from 4.1 kb to 4.7 kb, from 4.2 kb to 4.7 kb, from 4.3 kb to 4.7 kb, from 4.4 kb to 4.7 kb, from 4.5 kb to 4.7 kb, or from 4.6 kb to 4.7 kb in total length. In some embodiments, the polynucleotide of the present invention does not comprise the nucleotide sequence of SEQ ID NO: 92. ggctcgcatctctccttcacgcgcccgccgccctacctgaggccgccatccacgccggttga gtcgcgttctgccgcctcccgcctgtggtgcctcctgaactgcgtccgccgtctaggtaagt ttaaagctcaggtcgagaccgggcctttgtccggcgctcccttggagcctacctagactcag ccggctctccacgctttgcctgaccctgcttgctcaactctagttctctcgttaacttaatg agacagatagaaactggtcttgtagaaacagagtagtcgcctgcttttctgccaggtgctga cttctctcccctgggcttttttctttttctcaggttgaaaagaagaagacgaagaagacgaa gaagac Example polynucleotide comprising hybrid intron (SEQ ID NO: 92) Protein-coding sequences The spliceosomal intron or regulatory element may be operably linked to one or more protein-coding sequences. The spliceosomal intron or regulatory element may be upstream of the one or more protein-coding sequences. The one or more protein-coding sequences (or “transgene”) may encode any polypeptide of interest. In some embodiments, the one or more protein-coding sequences encode a therapeutic protein. For example, the one or more protein-coding sequences can encode any polypeptide associated with a kidney disease or a glomerular disease. The one or more protein-coding sequences may encode a polypeptide involved in with a GBM-associated genetic glomerular disease. The one or more protein-coding sequences may encode a polypeptide involved in podocyte-associated genetic glomerular disease. Suitably, the one or more protein-coding sequences may encode a NPHS2, NPHS1, CFI, CFH, FHL-1, COL4A3, COL4A4, COL4A5, C1INH, C4BP, MASP2, C3, C5aR1, C5, C5a, CD55, CD35, CD46, CD59, vitronectin, clusterin, ADCK4, ALG1, ARHGAP24, ARGHDIA, CD151, CD2AP, COQ2, COQ6, DGKE, E2F3, EMP2, KANK2, LAGE3, LMNA, LMX1B, MAF B, NUP85, NUP93, NXF5, OSGEP, PAX2, PDSS2, PMM2, PODXL, SCARB2, SGPL1, Smad7, TP53RK, TPRKB, VDR, WDR73, WT1, ZMPSTE24, APOL1, TRPC6, NUP107, NUP133, NUP160, ACTN4, INF2, ANKFY1, ANLN, CRB2, ITGA3, KANK1, KANK4, MAGI2, MYO1E, OCRL, PTPRO, SMARCAL1, SYNPO, TBC1D8B, XPO5, TNS2, NLRP3, and / or VEGFC polypeptide. In some embodiments, the protein-coding sequence encodes a NPHS2, CFI, CFH, and / or FHL-1 polypeptide. In some embodiments, the protein-coding sequence encodes a CFI, CFH, and / or FHL-1 polypeptide. For a protein-coding polynucleotide, it will be understood by a skilled person that numerous different polynucleotides can encode the same polypeptide as a result of the degeneracy of the genetic code. In addition, it is to be understood that skilled persons may, using routine techniques, make nucleotide substitutions that do not affect the polypeptide sequence encoded by the polynucleotides of the invention to reflect the codon usage of any particular host organism in which the polypeptides of the invention are to be expressed. The protein-coding sequence may be codon-optimised. Different cells differ in their usage of particular codons. This codon bias corresponds to a bias in the relative abundance of particular tRNAs in the cell type. By altering the codons in the sequence so that they are tailored to match with the relative abundance of corresponding tRNAs, it is possible to increase expression. By the same token, it is possible to decrease expression by deliberately choosing codons for which the corresponding tRNAs are known to be rare in the particular cell type. Thus, an additional degree of translational control is available. Codon usage tables are known in the art for mammalian cells (e.g. humans), as well as for a variety of other organisms. The protein-coding sequences disclosed herein may comprise or lack stop codons at their 3’ end. The present disclosure encompasses the SEQ ID NOs disclosed herein with the stop codons present or absent. Nephrotic syndrome (NS)-associated transgene The one or more protein-coding sequences may comprise or consist of a NS-associated transgene. Nephrotic syndrome (NS) is a chronic kidney disease characterized by significant proteinuria, hypoalbuminemia, oedema and hyperlipidemia. The NS-associated transgene may be a gene associated with a monogenic form of NS and expressed in podocytes. Suitable NS-associated transgenes include NPHS2, NPHS1, ADCK4, ALG1, ARHGAP24, ARGHDIA, CD151, CD2AP, COQ2, COQ6, DGKE, E2F3, EMP2, KANK2, LAGE3, LMNA, LMX1B, MAFB, NUP85, NUP93, NXF5, OSGEP, PAX2, PDSS2, PMM2, PODXL, SCARB2, SGPL1, Smad7, TP53RK, TPRKB, VDR, WDR73, WT1, ZMPSTE24, APOL1, TRPC6, NUP107, NUP133, NUP160, ACTN4, INF2, ANKFY1, ANLN, CRB2, ITGA3, KANK1, KANK4, MAGI2, MYO1E, OCRL, PTPRO, SMARCAL1, SYNPO, TBC1D8B, XPO5, TNS2 and NLRP3. In some embodiments, a regulatory element comprising or consisting of a nucleotide sequence having 70% or more, 75% or more, 80% or more, 81% or more, 82% or more, 83% or more, 84% or more, 85% or more, 86% or more, 87% or more, 88% or more, 89% or more, 90% or more, 91% or more, 92% or more, 93% or more, 94% or more, 95% or more, 96% or more, 97% or more, 98% or more, 99% or more, or 100% sequence identity to SEQ ID NO: 6 is operably linked to a NS-associated transgene. In some embodiments, a regulatory element consisting of the nucleotide sequence of SEQ ID NO: 6 is operably linked to a NS-associated transgene. NPHS2 The one or more protein-coding sequences may encode NPHS2, or a fragment and / or variant thereof. “NPHS2” is the abbreviated name of the polypeptide encoded by the NPHS2 gene and is also known as podocin. NPHS2 is a 42kDa hairpin like membrane-associated podocyte- specific protein that is a key component of the protein complex at the slit diaphragm; the cell- cell junction between adjacent podocyte foot processes. It localises to lipid rafts and interacts with other important slit diaphragm proteins like nephrin, CD2AP and TRPC6. It is essential in the maintenance of the slit diaphragm, and consequently the integrity of the glomerular filtration barrier. A fragment and / or variant of NPHS2 may retain NPHS2 activity and / or function. For example, a fragment and / or variant of podocin may regulate glomerular permeability. Suitably, a fragment and / or variant of NPHS2 may have the same or similar activity and / or function to NPHS2, e.g. may have at least 40%, at least 50%, at least 60%, at least 70%, at least 80%, at least 90%, at least 95%, or at least 100% of the activity and / or function of NPHS2. A person skilled in the art would be able to generate fragments and / or variants using conservative substitutions, based on the known structural and functional features of NPHS2 (see e.g. Tabassum, A., et al., 2014. Interdisciplinary Sciences: Computational Life Sciences, 6(1), pp.32-39), and / or based on known variants (see e.g. NCBI Gene ID: 7827 and NCBI HomoloGene: 22826). Suitably, a fragment and / or variant of NPHS2 comprises a transmembrane domain, with two cytoplasmic domains at the N- and C-terminus. The NPHS2 gene is conserved in chimpanzee, Rhesus monkey, dog, cow, mouse, and rat. The NPHS2 may be a human NPHS2. Suitably, the NPHS2 may comprise or consist of a polypeptide sequence of UniProtKB accession Q9NP85, or a fragment and / or variant thereof. In some embodiments, the NPHS2 comprises or consists of an amino acid sequence which is at least 70% identical to SEQ ID NO: 7 or a fragment thereof. Suitably, the NPHS2 comprises or consists of an amino acid sequence which is at least 75%, at least 80%, at least 85%, at least 90%, at least 95%, at least 96%, at least 97%, at least 98% or at least 99% identical to SEQ ID NO: 7 or a fragment thereof. In some embodiments, the NPHS2 comprises or consists of the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 7 or a fragment thereof. MERRARSSSRESRGRGGRTPHKENKRAKAERSGGGRGRQEAGPEPSGSGRAGTPGEPRAPAA TVVDVDEVRGSGEEGTEVVALLESERPEEGTKSSGLGACEWLLVLISLLFIIMTFPFSIWFC VKVVQEYERVIIFRLGHLLPGRAKGPGLFFFLPCLDTYHKVDLRLQTLEIPFHEIVTKDMFI MEIDAICYYRMENASLLLSSLAHVSKAVQFLVQTTMKRLLAHRSLTEILLERKSIAQDAKVA LDSVTCIWGIKVERIEIKDVRLPAGLQHSLAVEAEAQRQAKVRMIAAEAEKAASESLRMAAE ILSGTPAAVQLRYLHTLQSLSTEKPSTVVLPLPFDLLNCLSSPSNRTQGSLPFPSPSKPVEP LNPKKKDSPML Example NPHS2 amino acid sequence (SEQ ID NO: 7) In some embodiments, the protein-coding sequence encoding NPHS2 comprises or consists of a nucleotide sequence which is at least 70% identical to SEQ ID NO: 8 or a fragment thereof. Suitably, the protein-coding sequence encoding NPHS2 comprises or consists of a nucleotide sequence which is at least 75%, at least 80%, at least 85%, at least 90%, at least 95%, at least 96%, at least 97%, at least 98% or at least 99% identical to SEQ ID NO: 8 or a fragment thereof. In some embodiments, the protein-coding sequence encoding NPHS2 comprises or consists of the nucleotide sequence SEQ ID NO: 8 or a fragment thereof. atggagaggagggcgcggagctcctccagggagtcccgcgggcgaggcggcaggactccgca caaggagaacaagagggcaaaggccgagaggagcggcgggggccgcgggcgccaggaggctg ggcccgagccgtcgggctccggacgggcggggaccccgggggagccccgagcgcccgccgcc acggtggtggacgtggatgaggtccgaggctccggcgaggagggcaccgaggtggtggcgct gttggagagcgagcggcccgaggaaggtaccaaatcctccggcttaggggcctgtgagtggc ttcttgtcctcatttccctgctcttcatcatcatgaccttccctttttccatctggttctgc gtaaaggttgtacaagagtatgaaagagtaattatattccgactgggacatctgcttcctgg aagagccaaaggccctggtcttttcttttttttgccctgcctggatacctaccacaaggttg accttcgtctccaaactctggagataccttttcatgagatcgtgaccaaagacatgtttata atggagatagatgccatttgctactaccgaatggaaaatgcctctcttctcctaagcagtct tgctcatgtatctaaagctgtgcaattccttgtgcaaaccactatgaagcgtctcctagcac atcgatccctcactgaaattcttctagagaggaagagcatcgcccaagatgcaaaggttgcc ttggattcagtgacctgtatttggggaatcaaagtggagagaatagaaattaaagatgtgag gttgccagctgggcttcagcactcactggctgtggaggctgaagcgcaaagacaagccaaag tgcggatgattgctgcagaagcggaaaaggctgcttctgagtccctgaggatggcagctgag attctgtcaggcacccctgctgctgttcagcttcgatacctccacacccttcagtctctgtc cacagagaagccttccactgtggttttacctttgccatttgacctactgaattgcctgtctt ctcccagcaacagaactcagggaagcctccccttcccaagtccttccaaacctgttgagcca ctaaatcctaaaaagaaagactctcccatgtta Example NPHS2 nucleotide sequence (SEQ ID NO: 8) In some embodiments, the protein-coding sequence encoding NPHS2 comprises or consists of a nucleotide sequence which is at least 70% identical to SEQ ID NO: 9 or a fragment thereof. Suitably, the protein-coding sequence encoding NPHS2 comprises or consists of a nucleotide sequence which is at least 75%, at least 80%, at least 85%, at least 90%, at least 95%, at least 96%, at least 97%, at least 98% or at least 99% identical to SEQ ID NO: 9 or a fragment thereof. In some embodiments, the protein-coding sequence encoding NPHS2, comprises or consists of the nucleotide sequence SEQ ID NO: 9 or a fragment thereof. atggagaggagggcgcggagctcctccagggagtcccgcgggcgaggcggcaggactccgca caaggagaacaagagggcaaaggccgagaggagcggcggaggccgcgggcgccaggaggctg ggcccgagccgtcgggctccggacgggcggggaccccgggggagccccgagcgcccgccgcc acggtggtggacgtggatgaggtccgaggctccggcgaggagggcaccgaggtggtggcgct gttggagagcgagcggcccgaggaaggtaccaaatcctccggcttaggggcctgtgagtggc ttcttgtcctcatttccctgctcttcatcatcatgaccttccctttttccatctggttctgc gtaaaggttgtacaagagtatgaaagagtaattatattccgactgggacatctgcttcctgg aagagccaaaggccctggtcttttcttttttttgccctgcctggatacctaccacaaggttg accttcgtctccaaactctggagataccttttcatgagatcgtgaccaaagacatgtttata atggagatagatgccatttgctactaccgaatggaaaatgcctctcttctcctaagcagtct tgctcatgtatctaaagctgtgcaattccttgtgcaaaccactatgaagcgtctcctagcac atcgatccctcactgaaattcttctagagaggaagagcatcgcccaagatgcaaaggttgcc ttggattcagtgacctgtatttggggaatcaaagtggagagaatagaaattaaagatgtgag gttgccagctgggcttcagcactcactggctgtggaggctgaagcgcaaagacaagccaaag tgcggatgattgctgcagaagcggaaaaggctgcttctgagtccctgaggatggcagctgag attctgtcaggcacccctgctgccgttcagcttcgatacctccacacccttcagtctctgtc cacagagaagccttccactgtggttttacctttgccatttgacctactgaattgcctgtctt ctcccagcaacagaactcagggaagcctccccttcccaagtccttccaaacctgttgagcca ctaaatcctaaaaagaaagactctcccatgttatag Example NPHS2 nucleotide sequence (SEQ ID NO: 9) In some embodiments, a regulatory element comprising or consisting of a nucleotide sequence having 70% or more, 75% or more, 80% or more, 81% or more, 82% or more, 83% or more, 84% or more, 85% or more, 86% or more, 87% or more, 88% or more, 89% or more, 90% or more, 91% or more, 92% or more, 93% or more, 94% or more, 95% or more, 96% or more, 97% or more, 98% or more, 99% or more, or 100% sequence identity to SEQ ID NO: 6 is operably linked to a protein-coding sequence encoding NPHS2, or a fragment and / or variant thereof. In some embodiments, a regulatory element consisting of the nucleotide sequence of SEQ ID NO: 6 is operably linked to a protein-coding sequence encoding NPHS2, or a fragment and / or variant thereof. Complement proteins The one or more protein-coding sequences may encode a complement protein, or a fragment and / or variant thereof. As used herein, a “complement protein” is a protein which is part of the complement system. The complement system, also known as complement cascade, is a central part of the innate immunity that serves as a first line of defence against foreign and altered host cells. The complement system is composed of plasma proteins produced mainly by the liver or membrane proteins expressed on cell surface. Complement operates in plasma, in tissues, or within cells. Complement proteins collaborate as a cascade to opsonize pathogens and induce a series of inflammatory responses helping immune cells to fight infection and maintain homeostasis (see e.g. Merle, N.S., et al., 2015. Frontiers in immunology, 6, 262). There are three pathways of complement activation: the classical, the alternative, and the lectin pathways. The three complement pathways differ in their mechanisms of target recognition but converge in the activation of the central component C3. After this activation, C5 is cleaved, and the assembly of the membrane attack complex (MAC) is initiated. The enzymatic cleavage of C3 and C5 leads to the production and release of anaphylotoxins C3a and C5a. Suitably, the complement protein is selected from the list consisting of CFI, CFH, FHL-1, C1INH, C4BP, MASP2, C3, C5aR1, C5, C5a, CD55, CD35, CD46, CD59, vitronectin, and clusterin, or fragments and / or variants thereof. In some embodiments, a regulatory element comprising or consisting of a nucleotide sequence having 70% or more, 75% or more, 80% or more, 81% or more, 82% or more, 83% or more, 84% or more, 85% or more, 86% or more, 87% or more, 88% or more, 89% or more, 90% or more, 91% or more, 92% or more, 93% or more, 94% or more, 95% or more, 96% or more, 97% or more, 98% or more, 99% or more, or 100% sequence identity to SEQ ID NO: 6 is operably linked to a protein-coding sequence encoding a complement protein. In some embodiments, a regulatory element consisting of the nucleotide sequence of SEQ ID NO: 6 is operably linked to a protein-coding sequence encoding a complement protein. Complement inhibitors The one or more protein-coding sequences may encode an inhibitor of the complement system, or a fragment and / or variant thereof. As used herein, an “inhibitor of the complement system” or “complement inhibitor” is a protein which prevents activation of the complement system. Complement is tightly controlled by these inhibitors, which naturally protect self-cells and tissues from unwanted complement activation. Complement inhibitors can regulate complement activation in different stages of the classical, lectin, and alternative pathways. Suitably, the complement inhibitor is a naturally-occurring complement inhibitor, or a fragment and / or variant thereof. Preferably, the inhibitor of the complement system is an inhibitor of the complement system in humans. Complement inhibitors are grouped into two categories: soluble inhibitors and membrane- bound inhibitors. Preferably, the inhibitor of the complement system is a soluble complement inhibitor. Soluble complement inhibitors include C1 inhibitor (C1INH), complement factor I (CFI), complement factor H (CFH), complement factor H-like protein 1 (FHL-1), C4 binding protein (C4BP), clusterin and vitronectin. Membrane-bound regulators include CD46, CD55, CD59, CD35 and CUB and Sushi multiple domain 1 (CSMD1). The inhibitor of the complement system may be selected from: CFI, CFH, FHL-1, C1INH, C4BP, CD46, CD55, CD59, CD35, vitronectin, clusterin, and CSMD1, or fragments and / or variants thereof. Preferably, the inhibitor of the complement system is selected from: CFI, CFH, and FHL-1, or fragments and / or variants thereof. In some embodiments, a regulatory element comprising or consisting of a nucleotide sequence having 70% or more, 75% or more, 80% or more, 81% or more, 82% or more, 83% or more, 84% or more, 85% or more, 86% or more, 87% or more, 88% or more, 89% or more, 90% or more, 91% or more, 92% or more, 93% or more, 94% or more, 95% or more, 96% or more, 97% or more, 98% or more, 99% or more, or 100% sequence identity to SEQ ID NO: 6 is operably linked to a protein-coding sequence encoding an inhibitor of the complement system. In some embodiments, a regulatory element consisting of the nucleotide sequence of SEQ ID NO: 6 is operably linked to a protein-coding sequence encoding an inhibitor of the complement system. CFI The one or more protein-coding sequences may encode CFI, or a fragment and / or variant thereof. Complement factor I (CFI) is a trypsin-like serine protease that inhibits the complement system by cleaving three peptide bonds in the alpha-chain of C3b and two bonds in the alpha-chain of C4b thereby inactivating these proteins. CFI is a glycoprotein heterodimer consisting of a disulfide linked heavy chain and light chain. The heavy chain has four domains: an FI membrane attack complex (FIMAC) domain, CD5 domain, and low density lipoprotein receptor 1 and 2 (LDLr1 and LDLr2) domains. The heavy chain plays an inhibitory role in maintaining the enzyme inactive until it meets the complex formed by the substrate (either C3b or C4b) and a cofactor protein (Factor H, C4b- binding protein, complement receptor 1, and membrane cofactor protein). Upon binding of the enzyme to the substrate:cofactor complex, the heavy:light chain interface is disrupted, and the enzyme activated by allostery. The light chain contains only the serine protease domain. This domain contains the catalytic triad His-362, Asp-411, and Ser-507, which is responsible for specific cleavage of C3b and C4b. The CFI or a fragment and / or variant thereof may be capable of cleaving C3b into iC3b and / or may be capable of cleaving iC3b into C3d,g. The fragment and / or variant of CFI may retain at least 50%, 60%, 70%, 80%, 90%, 95% or 100% of the C3b-inactivating and iC3b-degradation activity of native CFI. The C3b- inactivating and iC3b-degradation activity of the fragment and / or variant of CFI and native CFI, may be determined using any suitable method known to those of skill in the art. For example, using a proteolytic assay. Preferably, the CFI is a human CFI. An example human CFI is the CFI having the UniProtKB accession number P05156. In some embodiments, the CFI comprises or consists of an amino acid sequence which is at least 70% identical to SEQ ID NO: 10 or a fragment thereof. Suitably, the CFI comprises or consists of an amino acid sequence which is at least 75%, at least 80%, at least 85%, at least 90%, at least 95%, at least 96%, at least 97%, at least 98% or at least 99% identical to SEQ ID NO: 10 or a fragment thereof. In some embodiments, the CFI comprises or consists of the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 10 or a fragment thereof. MKLLHVFLLFLCFHLRFCKVTYTSQEDLVEKKCLAKKYTHLSCDKVFCQPWQRCIEGTCVCK LPYQCPKNGTAVCATNRRSFPTYCQQKSLECLHPGTKFLNNGTCTAEGKFSVSLKHGNTDSE GIVEVKLVDQDKTMFICKSSWSMREANVACLDLGFQQGADTQRRFKLSDLSINSTECLHVHC RGLETSLAECTFTKRRTMGYQDFADVVCYTQKADSPMDDFFQCVNGKYISQMKACDGINDCG DQSDELCCKACQGKGFHCKSGVCIPSQYQCNGEVDCITGEDEVGCAGFASVTQEETEILTAD MDAERRRIKSLLPKLSCGVKNRMHIRRKRIVGGKRAQLGDLPWQVAIKDASGITCGGIYIGG CWILTAAHCLRASKTHRYQIWTTVVDWIHPDLKRIVIEYVDRIIFHENYNAGTYQNDIALIE MKKDGNKKDCELPRSIPACVPWSPYLFQPNDTCIVSGWGREKDNERVFSLQWGEVKLISNCS KFYGNRFYEKEMECAGTYDGSIDACKGDSGGPLVCMDANNVTYVWGVVSWGENCGKPEFPGV YTKVANYFDWISYHVGRPFISQYNV Example CFI amino acid sequence (SEQ ID NO: 10) An example nucleotide sequence encoding CFI is NM_000204.5. In some embodiments, the protein-coding sequence encoding CFI comprises or consists of a nucleotide sequence which is at least 70% identical to SEQ ID NO: 11 or a fragment thereof. Suitably, the protein-coding sequence encoding CFI comprises or consists of a nucleotide sequence which is at least 75%, at least 80%, at least 85%, at least 90%, at least 95%, at least 96%, at least 97%, at least 98% or at least 99% identical to SEQ ID NO: 11 or a fragment thereof. In some embodiments, the protein-coding sequence encoding CFI, comprises or consists of the nucleotide sequence of SEQ ID NO: 11 or a fragment thereof. atgaagcttcttcatgttttcctgttatttctgtgcttccacttaaggttttgcaaggtcac ttatacatctcaagaggatctggtggagaaaaagtgcttagcaaaaaaatatactcacctct cctgcgataaagtcttctgccagccatggcagagatgcattgagggcacctgtgtttgtaaa ctaccgtatcagtgcccaaagaatggcactgcagtgtgtgcaactaacaggagaagcttccc aacatactgtcaacaaaagagtttggaatgtcttcatccagggacaaagtttttaaataacg gaacatgcacagccgaaggaaagtttagtgtttccttgaagcatggaaatacagattcagag ggaatagttgaagtaaaacttgtggaccaagataagacaatgttcatatgcaaaagcagctg gagcatgagggaagccaacgtggcctgccttgaccttgggtttcaacaaggtgctgatactc aaagaaggtttaagttgtctgatctctctataaattccactgaatgtctacatgtgcattgc cgaggattagagaccagtttggctgaatgtacttttactaagagaagaactatgggttacca ggatttcgctgatgtggtttgttatacacagaaagcagattctccaatggatgacttctttc agtgtgtgaatgggaaatacatttctcagatgaaagcctgtgatggtatcaatgattgtgga gaccaaagtgatgaactgtgttgtaaagcatgccaaggcaaaggcttccattgcaaatcggg tgtttgcattccaagccagtatcaatgcaatggtgaggtggactgcattacaggggaagatg aagttggctgtgcaggctttgcatctgtgactcaagaagaaacagaaattttgactgctgac atggatgcagaaagaagacggataaaatcattattacctaaactatcttgtggagttaaaaa cagaatgcacattcgaaggaaacgaattgtgggaggaaagcgagcacaactgggagacctcc catggcaggtggcaattaaggatgccagtggaatcacctgtgggggaatttatattggtggc tgttggattctgactgctgcacattgtctcagagccagtaaaactcatcgttaccaaatatg gacaacagtagtagactggatacaccccgaccttaaacgtatagtaattgaatacgtggata gaattattttccatgaaaactacaatgcaggcacttaccaaaatgacatcgctttgattgaa atgaaaaaagacggaaacaaaaaagattgtgagctgcctcgttccatccctgcctgtgtccc ctggtctccttacctattccaacctaatgatacatgcatcgtttctggctggggacgagaaa aagataacgaaagagtcttttcacttcagtggggtgaagttaaactaataagcaactgctct aagttttacggaaatcgtttctatgaaaaagaaatggaatgtgcaggtacatatgatggttc catcgatgcctgtaaaggggactctggaggccccttagtctgtatggatgccaacaatgtga cttatgtctggggtgttgtgagttggggggaaaactgtggaaaaccagagttcccaggtgtt tacaccaaagtggccaattattttgactggattagctaccatgtaggaaggccttttatttc tcagtacaatgtataa Example CFI nucleotide sequence (SEQ ID NO: 11) In some preferred embodiments, the protein-coding sequence encoding CFI is codon- optimised. In some embodiments, the protein-coding sequence encoding CFI comprises or consists of a nucleotide sequence which is at least 70% identical to SEQ ID NO: 86 or a fragment thereof. Suitably, the protein-coding sequence encoding CFI comprises or consists of a nucleotide sequence which is at least 75%, at least 80%, at least 85%, at least 90%, at least 95%, at least 96%, at least 97%, at least 98% or at least 99% identical to SEQ ID NO: 86 or a fragment thereof. In some embodiments, the protein-coding sequence encoding CFI comprises or consists of the nucleotide sequence of SEQ ID NO: 86 or a fragment thereof. atgaagctgctgcatgtgttcctgttgttcctgtgttttcacctgagattttgtaaggtgac ttataccagccaggaagacctggtagagaagaagtgcctggccaagaagtatactcacctgt cttgcgataaggtgttctgccagccttggcagcggtgcatcgagggcacctgtgtgtgcaag ctgccctatcagtgtcccaagaatgggaccgccgtgtgtgccaccaacagaaggagcttccc cacctattgccagcagaagagcctggagtgtctgcaccccggcaccaagttcctgaataatg gcacatgtaccgccgagggcaagttctcagtctccctgaagcatggcaacactgacagtgag ggcatcgtggaggtgaaactggtggaccaggacaagacaatgttcatctgtaagtcatcttg gtctatgcgggaggccaacgtggcctgcctggatctgggcttccagcagggggccgataccc agaggcgattcaagctgagcgatctgtctataaacagcaccgagtgcctgcacgtgcactgc aggggcctggaaacctctctggccgaatgcaccttcaccaagagacggactatgggctacca ggattttgccgatgtggtgtgctatacccagaaagccgactcccccatggacgacttcttcc aatgtgtcaatggaaagtacatcagtcagatgaaggcatgtgacggcattaacgattgtggc gatcagagcgatgagctgtgctgtaaggcctgccagggaaagggcttccactgcaaatccgg cgtgtgcatccctagccagtaccagtgtaatggcgaggtggactgtatcacaggagaggacg aagtgggatgcgctggattcgctagtgtgacccaggaggagaccgagatcctgaccgccgac atggatgccgagaggagacgtatcaagtccctgctgcctaagctgtcttgtggagtgaagaa taggatgcacatcagacgcaagagaatcgtcggcggcaagcgcgcccagctgggcgatctgc cctggcaagtggccattaaggacgcctccggcatcacatgtggaggaatatacataggcggg tgctggatcctgaccgccgcccactgcctgcgggcctctaaaactcataggtaccagatctg gacaaccgtggtggattggatccatcctgatctgaagagaatcgtgatcgagtacgtcgata ggattatctttcacgagaactataatgccgggacctaccagaatgacatcgctctcattgag atgaagaaggatggcaacaagaaggactgcgagctgcccaggagcattcccgcttgcgtgcc atggtccccatacctgttccagccaaacgacacctgcatcgtgagcggctggggcagagaaa aggacaacgagagagtgttctccctgcagtggggcgaagtgaagctgatttccaactgcagt aagttctacggcaaccgcttctatgagaaggagatggagtgtgccggcacatacgacggcag catcgacgcctgcaagggcgacagcggcggccccctggtgtgcatggacgccaacaacgtga cctatgtgtggggggtggtgtcctggggcgagaactgtggaaagccagagttccctggagtg tataccaaggtggccaactacttcgattggatcagctaccacgtcggcaggcccttcatcag ccagtacaacgtttaa Example codon-optimised CFI nucleotide sequence (SEQ ID NO: 86) In some embodiments, a regulatory element comprising or consisting of a nucleotide sequence having 70% or more, 75% or more, 80% or more, 81% or more, 82% or more, 83% or more, 84% or more, 85% or more, 86% or more, 87% or more, 88% or more, 89% or more, 90% or more, 91% or more, 92% or more, 93% or more, 94% or more, 95% or more, 96% or more, 97% or more, 98% or more, 99% or more, or 100% sequence identity to SEQ ID NO: 6 is operably linked to a protein-coding sequence encoding CFI, or a fragment and / or variant thereof. In some embodiments, a regulatory element consisting of the nucleotide sequence of SEQ ID NO: 6 is operably linked to a protein-coding sequence encoding CFI, or a fragment and / or variant thereof. CFH The one or more protein-coding sequences may encode CFH, or a fragment and / or variant thereof. Complement factor H (CFH) regulates complement activation on self cells and surfaces. CFH competes for binding of complement factor B (CFB) to C3b, acts as a cofactor for CFI- catalysed proteolytic cleavage of C3b, and accelerates the irreversible dissociation of C3bBb and C3b2Bb into their separate components. Thus, CFH not only inhibits formation of the convertases but it also shortens the lifespan of any convertase complex that forms. CFH is a large (155 kDa) soluble glycoprotein. CFH is composed from a total of 20 domains, each containing approximately 60 amino acid residues and termed complement control protein modules (CCPs) or short consensus repeats that are joined by short linkers consisting of 3–8 residues. The CCP modules are numbered from 1–20 (from the N-terminus of the protein): CCPs 1–4 and CCPs 19–20 engage with C3b while CCPs 7 and CCPs 19– 20 bind to GAGs and sialic acid. The CFH or a fragment and / or variant thereof may be capable of binding C3b and / or C3d; and / or acting as a cofactor for the CFI-catalysed proteolytic cleavage of C3b; and / or increasing the irreversible dissociation of C3bBb and C3b2Bb into their separate components. The fragment and / or variant of CFH may retain at least 50%, 60%, 70%, 80%, 90%, 95% or 100% of the activity of native CFH. The activity of the fragment and / or variant of CFH and native CFH may be determined using any suitable method known to those of skill in the art. Preferably, the CFH is a human CFH. An example human CFH is the CFH having the UniProtKB accession number P08603. In some embodiments, the CFH comprises or consists of an amino acid sequence which is at least 70% identical to SEQ ID NO: 12 or a fragment thereof. Suitably, the CFH comprises or consists of an amino acid sequence which is at least 75%, at least 80%, at least 85%, at least 90%, at least 95%, at least 96%, at least 97%, at least 98% or at least 99% identical to SEQ ID NO: 12 or a fragment thereof. In some embodiments, the CFH comprises or consists of the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 12 or a fragment thereof. MRLLAKIICLMLWAICVAEDCNELPPRRNTEILTGSWSDQTYPEGTQAIYKCRPGYRSLGNV IMVCRKGEWVALNPLRKCQKRPCGHPGDTPFGTFTLTGGNVFEYGVKAVYTCNEGYQLLGEI NYRECDTDGWTNDIPICEVVKCLPVTAPENGKIVSSAMEPDREYHFGQAVRFVCNSGYKIEG DEEMHCSDDGFWSKEKPKCVEISCKSPDVINGSPISQKIIYKENERFQYKCNMGYEYSERGD AVCTESGWRPLPSCEEKSCDNPYIPNGDYSPLRIKHRTGDEITYQCRNGFYPATRGNTAKCT STGWIPAPRCTLKPCDYPDIKHGGLYHENMRRPYFPVAVGKYYSYYCDEHFETPSGSYWDHI HCTQDGWSPAVPCLRKCYFPYLENGYNQNYGRKFVQGKSIDVACHPGYALPKAQTTVTCMEN GWSPTPRCIRVKTCSKSSIDIENGFISESQYTYALKEKAKYQCKLGYVTADGETSGSITCGK DGWSAQPTCIKSCDIPVFMNARTKNDFTWFKLNDTLDYECHDGYESNTGSTTGSIVCGYNGW SDLPICYERECELPKIDVHLVPDRKKDQYKVGEVLKFSCKPGFTIVGPNSVQCYHFGLSPDL PICKEQVQSCGPPPELLNGNVKEKTKEEYGHSEVVEYYCNPRFLMKGPNKIQCVDGEWTTLP VCIVEESTCGDIPELEHGWAQLSSPPYYYGDSVEFNCSESFTMIGHRSITCIHGVWTQLPQC VAIDKLKKCKSSNLIILEEHLKNKKEFDHNSNIRYRCRGKEGWIHTVCINGRWDPEVNCSMA QIQLCPPPPQIPNSHNMTTTLNYRDGEKVSVLCQENYLIQEGEEITCKDGRWQSIPLCVEKI PCSQPPQIEHGTINSSRSSQESYAHGTKLSYTCEGGFRISEENETTCYMGKWSSPPQCEGLP CKSPPEISHGVVAHMSDSYQYGEEVTYKCFEGFGIDGPAIAKCLGEKWSHPPSCIKTDCLSL PSFENAIPMGEKKDVYKAGEQVTYTCATYYKMDGASNVTCINSRWTGRPTCRDTSCVNPPTV QNAYIVSRQMSKYPSGERVRYQCRSPYEMFGDEEVMCLNGNWTEPPQCKDSTGKCGPPPPID NGDITSFPLSVYAPASSVEYQCQNLYQLEGNKRITCRNGQWSEPPKCLHPCVISREIMENYN IALRWTAKQKLYSRTGESVEFVCKRGYRLSSRSHTLRTTCWDGKLEYPTCAKR Example CFH amino acid sequence (SEQ ID NO: 12) An example nucleotide sequence encoding CFH is NM_000186.4. In some embodiments, the protein-coding sequence encoding CFH comprises or consists of a nucleotide sequence which is at least 70% identical to SEQ ID NO: 13 or a fragment thereof. Suitably, the protein-coding sequence encoding CFH comprises or consists of a nucleotide sequence which is at least 75%, at least 80%, at least 85%, at least 90%, at least 95%, at least 96%, at least 97%, at least 98% or at least 99% identical to SEQ ID NO: 13 or a fragment thereof. In some embodiments, the protein-coding sequence encoding CFH, comprises or consists of the nucleotide sequence of SEQ ID NO: 13 or a fragment thereof. atgagacttctagcaaagattatttgccttatgttatgggctatttgtgtagcagaagattg caatgaacttcctccaagaagaaatacagaaattctgacaggttcctggtctgaccaaacat atccagaaggcacccaggctatctataaatgccgccctggatatagatctcttggaaatgta ataatggtatgcaggaagggagaatgggttgctcttaatccattaaggaaatgtcagaaaag gccctgtggacatcctggagatactccttttggtacttttacccttacaggaggaaatgtgt ttgaatatggtgtaaaagctgtgtatacatgtaatgaggggtatcaattgctaggtgagatt aattaccgtgaatgtgacacagatggatggaccaatgatattcctatatgtgaagttgtgaa gtgtttaccagtgacagcaccagagaatggaaaaattgtcagtagtgcaatggaaccagatc gggaataccattttggacaagcagtacggtttgtatgtaactcaggctacaagattgaagga gatgaagaaatgcattgttcagacgatggtttttggagtaaagagaaaccaaagtgtgtgga aatttcatgcaaatccccagatgttataaatggatctcctatatctcagaagattatttata aggagaatgaacgatttcaatataaatgtaacatgggttatgaatacagtgaaagaggagat gctgtatgcactgaatctggatggcgtccgttgccttcatgtgaagaaaaatcatgtgataa tccttatattccaaatggtgactactcacctttaaggattaaacacagaactggagatgaaa tcacgtaccagtgtagaaatggtttttatcctgcaacccggggaaatacagcaaaatgcaca agtactggctggatacctgctccgagatgtaccttgaaaccttgtgattatccagacattaa acatggaggtctatatcatgagaatatgcgtagaccatactttccagtagctgtaggaaaat attactcctattactgtgatgaacattttgagactccgtcaggaagttactgggatcacatt cattgcacacaagatggatggtcgccagcagtaccatgcctcagaaaatgttattttcctta tttggaaaatggatataatcaaaatcatggaagaaagtttgtacagggtaaatctatagacg ttgcctgccatcctggctacgctcttccaaaagcgcagaccacagttacatgtatggagaat ggctggtctcctactcccagatgcatccgtgtcaaaacatgttccaaatcaagtatagatat tgagaatgggtttatttctgaatctcagtatacatatgccttaaaagaaaaagcgaaatatc aatgcaaactaggatatgtaacagcagatggtgaaacatcaggatcaattacatgtgggaaa gatggatggtcagctcaacccacgtgcattaaatcttgtgatatcccagtatttatgaatgc cagaactaaaaatgacttcacatggtttaagctgaatgacacattggactatgaatgccatg atggttatgaaagcaatactggaagcaccactggttccatagtgtgtggttacaatggttgg tctgatttacccatatgttatgaaagagaatgcgaacttcctaaaatagatgtacacttagt tcctgatcgcaagaaagaccagtataaagttggagaggtgttgaaattctcctgcaaaccag gatttacaatagttggacctaattccgttcagtgctaccactttggattgtctcctgacctc ccaatatgtaaagagcaagtacaatcatgtggtccacctcctgaactcctcaatgggaatgt taaggaaaaaacgaaagaagaatatggacacagtgaagtggtggaatattattgcaatccta gatttctaatgaagggacctaataaaattcaatgtgttgatggagagtggacaactttacca gtgtgtattgtggaggagagtacctgtggagatatacctgaacttgaacatggctgggccca gctttcttcccctccttattactatggagattcagtggaattcaattgctcagaatcattta caatgattggacacagatcaattacgtgtattcatggagtatggacccaacttccccagtgt gtggcaatagataaacttaagaagtgcaaatcatcaaatttaattatacttgaggaacattt aaaaaacaagaaggaattcgatcataattctaacataaggtacagatgtagaggaaaagaag gatggatacacacagtctgcataaatggaagatgggatccagaagtgaactgctcaatggca caaatacaattatgcccacctccacctcagattcccaattctcacaatatgacaaccacact gaattatcgggatggagaaaaagtatctgttctttgccaagaaaattatctaattcaggaag gagaagaaattacatgcaaagatggaagatggcagtcaataccactctgtgttgaaaaaatt ccatgttcacaaccacctcagatagaacacggaaccattaattcatccaggtcttcacaaga aagttatgcacatgggactaaattgagttatacttgtgagggtggtttcaggatatctgaag aaaatgaaacaacatgctacatgggaaaatggagttctccacctcagtgtgaaggccttcct tgtaaatctccacctgagatttctcatggtgttgtagctcacatgtcagacagttatcagta tggagaagaagttacgtacaaatgttttgaaggttttggaattgatgggcctgcaattgcaa aatgcttaggagaaaaatggtctcaccctccatcatgcataaaaacagattgtctcagttta cctagctttgaaaatgccatacccatgggagagaagaaggatgtgtataaggcgggtgagca agtgacttacacttgtgcaacatattacaaaatggatggagccagtaatgtaacatgcatta atagcagatggacaggaaggccaacatgcagagacacctcctgtgtgaatccgcccacagta caaaatgcttatatagtgtcgagacagatgagtaaatatccatctggtgagagagtacgtta tcaatgtaggagcccttatgaaatgtttggggatgaagaagtgatgtgtttaaatggaaact ggacggaaccacctcaatgcaaagattctacaggaaaatgtgggccccctccacctattgac aatggggacattacttcattcccgttgtcagtatatgctccagcttcatcagttgagtacca atgccagaacttgtatcaacttgagggtaacaagcgaataacatgtagaaatggacaatggt cagaaccaccaaaatgcttacatccgtgtgtaatatcccgagaaattatggaaaattataac atagcattaaggtggacagccaaacagaagctttattcgagaacaggtgaatcagttgaatt tgtgtgtaaacggggatatcgtctttcatcacgttctcacacattgcgaacaacatgttggg atgggaaactggagtatccaacttgtgcaaaaagatag Example CFH nucleotide sequence (SEQ ID NO: 13) In some preferred embodiments, the protein-coding sequence encoding CFH is codon- optimised. In some embodiments, the protein-coding sequence encoding CFH comprises or consists of a nucleotide sequence which is at least 70% identical to SEQ ID NO: 87 or a fragment thereof. Suitably, the protein-coding sequence encoding CFH comprises or consists of a nucleotide sequence which is at least 75%, at least 80%, at least 85%, at least 90%, at least 95%, at least 96%, at least 97%, at least 98% or at least 99% identical to SEQ ID NO: 87 or a fragment thereof. In some embodiments, the protein-coding sequence encoding CFH comprises or consists of the nucleotide sequence of SEQ ID NO: 87 or a fragment thereof. atgaggctgctggcaaagattatctgtctcatgctgtgggctatttgcgtggccgaggactg caacgagctgcctccaaggagaaataccgagatcctgaccggaagctggagcgaccagacct accccgagggcacccaggccatctataagtgccggcccggctacaggtccctggggaacgtg atcatggtgtgccggaagggagagtgggtggccctgaaccctctgagaaaatgccagaagag gccctgcggccaccccggagatactccctttgggaccttcacactgaccggcggcaacgtct tcgagtacggcgtgaaagccgtgtatacttgcaatgaaggctatcagctgctgggagaaatt aactacagggagtgcgacaccgatggctggaccaatgacattcccatctgcgaagtggtgaa gtgcctgcctgtgaccgctcccgaaaacggcaaaattgtgtccagcgccatggagcccgacc gggagtatcacttcggacaggccgtgaggttcgtgtgcaattccggatataagatcgagggg gacgaagagatgcactgctccgacgatggcttctggtccaaggagaagcccaagtgtgtgga gatcagctgtaagagcccagacgtgatcaacggctcccctatctcacagaagattatctata aagagaatgaacgctttcagtacaagtgtaacatgggctatgagtattccgagaggggcgat gccgtgtgtaccgagagcggatggaggcccctgccttcctgcgaggagaagtcatgtgacaa tccttacatccctaacggcgattactctcccctgcgcatcaagcacagaactggggatgaga ttacctatcagtgccggaatggcttctaccctgccacaagaggcaacactgcaaagtgtaca tctacaggctggatccccgcccccagatgcaccctgaagccctgcgactatcccgacatcaa acacggaggattgtaccacgagaacatgcgtcggccttatttccccgtggccgtgggaaagt actactcctactattgcgacgagcactttgagactcctagcggaagctattgggatcatatc cactgcacccaggacggatggtctccagccgtgccttgtctgagaaagtgctactttccata cctcgagaatggctacaatcagaatcatggcagaaagttcgtgcagggaaagagcattgacg ttgcctgccaccctggctacgccctgcctaaggcccagaccacagtgacctgtatggagaat ggctggagccccaccccaaggtgcatcagagtcaagacatgctctaagtcctccatcgacat cgagaacgggtttatctctgaatcccagtatacatatgccctcaaggaaaaagccaagtatc agtgcaagctcggctacgtgaccgctgacggcgaaacaagcggcagtatcacatgtggcaag gatggctggtcagcccagcctacctgtatcaagagctgcgacatcccagtgtttatgaacgc caggaccaaaaacgacttcacatggttcaaactgaacgacacactggactacgagtgtcacg acggctatgagtctaacaccggctccactacaggaagcatcgtgtgtggttataacggatgg tccgatctgcccatctgctatgagagagagtgcgagctgcccaagatcgatgtccacctagt gccagacagaaagaaggatcagtacaaggtcggcgaggtgctgaagttcagttgtaaacccg gcttcactattgtggggcccaactccgtgcaatgctatcactttggcctgagccctgacctg cccatctgtaaggagcaggtgcagagctgcggccctccccccgagctgctgaatgggaatgt gaaggagaagaccaaggaggaatacggccactccgaggtggtggagtattactgcaaccctc gctttctcatgaaaggccccaacaagatccagtgcgtcgatggcgagtggaccaccctgccc gtgtgtattgtcgaggagagtacctgcggcgatatccctgaactggagcacgggtgggccca gctgtcctcccccccatactactacggggactccgtggagttcaactgcagcgagtccttca ccatgattggacatcggagtatcacctgtatccacggcgtatggactcagctgccacagtgc gtggccatcgataagctgaagaaatgtaagagcagtaacctgattatcctcgaagaacacct gaagaacaagaaggaatttgatcataacagcaatatcaggtacagatgcaggggaaaggagg gatggattcacacagtgtgcatcaatggccgctgggaccctgaggtcaattgcagcatggcc cagatccagctgtgtcctccaccaccccagatccccaatagccataacatgaccacaaccct gaattacagagatggcgaaaaggtgagcgtgctgtgccaggagaactacctgatccaggagg gcgaggaaataacctgtaaggacggacggtggcagagcatccccctgtgcgtggagaagatt ccctgctcacagcccccacagatcgagcacggaacaatcaatagctccaggagcagccagga gtcttatgcccacggcaccaagctgagctacacctgcgaggggggcttccggatcagcgagg aaaacgaaacaacatgctacatgggcaaatggagcagtcctcctcagtgtgagggcctgcca tgtaaaagcccacctgagatcagtcacggcgtggtcgctcacatgagcgactcctaccagta tggcgaggaggtgacatataagtgcttcgagggctttggcatcgacggccccgctattgcca agtgcctgggagagaaatggtcacacccaccttcttgcatcaagacagactgcctgagcctc ccctctttcgagaatgcaatccccatgggcgaaaaaaaggatgtgtacaaggccggcgagca ggtgacctatacctgcgccacctactacaaaatggacggtgcctccaatgtgacctgtatca attccaggtggactggcagaccaacctgccgggacactagctgcgtgaatccccccactgtg cagaatgcctatatcgtgagcagacagatgagcaagtacccatctggtgagcgggtgaggta ccagtgccggtccccatatgagatgtttggggacgaggaggtgatgtgtcttaacggaaact ggactgaacctccccagtgtaaggacagtaccggcaagtgtgggccaccccctcccatcgac aacggcgatattacatcctttccactgtcagtgtacgcccccgccagctccgtggagtacca gtgtcagaatctgtaccagctggagggcaacaagaggatcacctgtagaaacggccagtgga gcgagccaccaaagtgcctgcatccctgtgtgatcagcagggagatcatggagaattacaac atcgcactgcggtggaccgccaagcagaaactgtactcccgcacaggggagtccgtggagtt tgtctgtaaacggggctacagactgagttccagaagccacaccctgagaaccacctgttggg atgggaagctggaatatcccacctgtgcaaagagatga Example codon-optimised CFH nucleotide sequence (SEQ ID NO: 87) The CFH fragment may be a splice variant. For example, complement factor H-like protein 1 (FHL-1) is a CFH gene splice variant, which is almost identical to the N-terminal 7 domains of CFH (CCPs 1-7). In some embodiments, a regulatory element comprising or consisting of a nucleotide sequence having 70% or more, 75% or more, 80% or more, 81% or more, 82% or more, 83% or more, 84% or more, 85% or more, 86% or more, 87% or more, 88% or more, 89% or more, 90% or more, 91% or more, 92% or more, 93% or more, 94% or more, 95% or more, 96% or more, 97% or more, 98% or more, 99% or more, or 100% sequence identity to SEQ ID NO: 6 is operably linked to a protein-coding sequence encoding CFH, or a fragment and / or variant thereof. In some embodiments, a regulatory element consisting of the nucleotide sequence of SEQ ID NO: 6 is operably linked to a protein-coding sequence encoding CFH, or a fragment and / or variant thereof. FHL-1 The one or more protein-coding sequences may encode FHL-1, or a fragment and / or variant thereof. FHL-1 or a fragment and / or variant thereof may be capable of binding C3b and / or C3d. The fragment and / or variant of FHL-1 may retain at least 50%, 60%, 70%, 80%, 90%, 95% or 100% of the activity of native FHL-1. The activity of the fragment and / or variant of FHL-1 and native FHL-1 may be determined using any suitable method known to those of skill in the art. Preferably, the FHL-1 is a human FHL-1. An example human FHL-1 is the FHL-1 having the NCBI Reference Sequence: NP_001014975.1. In some embodiments, the FHL-1 comprises or consists of an amino acid sequence which is at least 70% identical to SEQ ID NO: 14 or a fragment thereof. Suitably, the FHL-1 comprises or consists of an amino acid sequence which is at least 75%, at least 80%, at least 85%, at least 90%, at least 95%, at least 96%, at least 97%, at least 98% or at least 99% identical to SEQ ID NO: 14 or a fragment thereof. In some embodiments, the FHL-1 comprises or consists of the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 14 or a fragment thereof. MRLLAKIICLMLWAICVAEDCNELPPRRNTEILTGSWSDQTYPEGTQAIYKCRPGYRSLGNV IMVCRKGEWVALNPLRKCQKRPCGHPGDTPFGTFTLTGGNVFEYGVKAVYTCNEGYQLLGEI NYRECDTDGWTNDIPICEVVKCLPVTAPENGKIVSSAMEPDREYHFGQAVRFVCNSGYKIEG DEEMHCSDDGFWSKEKPKCVEISCKSPDVINGSPISQKIIYKENERFQYKCNMGYEYSERGD AVCTESGWRPLPSCEEKSCDNPYIPNGDYSPLRIKHRTGDEITYQCRNGFYPATRGNTAKCT STGWIPAPRCTLKPCDYPDIKHGGLYHENMRRPYFPVAVGKYYSYYCDEHFETPSGSYWDHI HCTQDGWSPAVPCLRKCYFPYLENGYNQNHGRKFVQGKSIDVACHPGYALPKAQTTVTCMEN GWSPTPRCIRVSFTL Example FHL-1 amino acid sequence (SEQ ID NO: 14) An example nucleotide sequence encoding FHL-1 is NM_001014975.2. In some embodiments, the protein-coding sequence encoding FHL-1 comprises or consists of a nucleotide sequence which is at least 70% identical to SEQ ID NO: 15 or a fragment thereof. Suitably, the protein-coding sequence encoding FHL-1 comprises or consists of a nucleotide sequence which is at least 75%, at least 80%, at least 85%, at least 90%, at least 95%, at least 96%, at least 97%, at least 98% or at least 99% identical to SEQ ID NO: 15 or a fragment thereof. In some embodiments, the protein-coding sequence encoding FHL-1, comprises or consists of the nucleotide sequence of SEQ ID NO: 15 or a fragment thereof. atgagacttctagcaaagattatttgccttatgttatgggctatttgtgtagcagaagattg caatgaacttcctccaagaagaaatacagaaattctgacaggttcctggtctgaccaaacat atccagaaggcacccaggctatctataaatgccgccctggatatagatctcttggaaatgta ataatggtatgcaggaagggagaatgggttgctcttaatccattaaggaaatgtcagaaaag gccctgtggacatcctggagatactccttttggtacttttacccttacaggaggaaatgtgt ttgaatatggtgtaaaagctgtgtatacatgtaatgaggggtatcaattgctaggtgagatt aattaccgtgaatgtgacacagatggatggaccaatgatattcctatatgtgaagttgtgaa gtgtttaccagtgacagcaccagagaatggaaaaattgtcagtagtgcaatggaaccagatc gggaataccattttggacaagcagtacggtttgtatgtaactcaggctacaagattgaagga gatgaagaaatgcattgttcagacgatggtttttggagtaaagagaaaccaaagtgtgtgga aatttcatgcaaatccccagatgttataaatggatctcctatatctcagaagattatttata aggagaatgaacgatttcaatataaatgtaacatgggttatgaatacagtgaaagaggagat gctgtatgcactgaatctggatggcgtccgttgccttcatgtgaagaaaaatcatgtgataa tccttatattccaaatggtgactactcacctttaaggattaaacacagaactggagatgaaa tcacgtaccagtgtagaaatggtttttatcctgcaacccggggaaatacagcaaaatgcaca agtactggctggatacctgctccgagatgtaccttgaaaccttgtgattatccagacattaa acatggaggtctatatcatgagaatatgcgtagaccatactttccagtagctgtaggaaaat attactcctattactgtgatgaacattttgagactccgtcaggaagttactgggatcacatt cattgcacacaagatggatggtcgccagcagtaccatgcctcagaaaatgttattttcctta tttggaaaatggatataatcaaaatcatggaagaaagtttgtacagggtaaatctatagacg ttgcctgccatcctggctacgctcttccaaaagcgcagaccacagttacatgtatggagaat ggctggtctcctactcccagatgcatccgtgtcagctttaccctctga Example FHL-1 nucleotide sequence (SEQ ID NO: 15) In some preferred embodiments, the protein-coding sequence encoding FHL-1 is codon- optimised. In some embodiments, the protein-coding sequence encoding FHL-1 comprises or consists of a nucleotide sequence which is at least 70% identical to SEQ ID NO: 88 or a fragment thereof. Suitably, the protein-coding sequence encoding FHL-1 comprises or consists of a nucleotide sequence which is at least 75%, at least 80%, at least 85%, at least 90%, at least 95%, at least 96%, at least 97%, at least 98% or at least 99% identical to SEQ ID NO: 88 or a fragment thereof. In some embodiments, the protein-coding sequence encoding FHL-1 comprises or consists of the nucleotide sequence of SEQ ID NO: 88 or a fragment thereof. atgcggctgctggccaaaatcatctgtctgatgctgtgggccatctgtgtggccgaggattg caacgagctgccccctagacgcaatacagagatcctgacaggcagctggtccgaccagacat accctgagggaacccaggccatctacaagtgcagaccaggatatcggtccctgggaaatgtg ataatggtgtgtagaaagggagagtgggtggctctgaaccctctgaggaaatgccagaagcg cccatgcggccaccccggcgatacccccttcggcaccttcacactgaccggcggcaatgtgt ttgagtatggcgtgaaggccgtgtacacctgcaacgagggctaccagctgctgggtgagatt aactaccgcgagtgtgataccgacggctggaccaacgacatccccatctgtgaagtggtgaa gtgtctgcccgtgaccgcaccagagaatggcaaaatcgtgagttctgccatggagcctgata gggagtaccactttggccaggccgtgcgctttgtgtgtaattctggctacaagatcgagggc gacgaggagatgcattgctctgacgatggcttctggtcaaaggaaaagcccaaatgcgtgga gattagctgtaagtccccagacgtcatcaacggctcccctatctctcagaagatcatttaca aggagaatgaacggtttcagtataaatgcaacatgggctacgagtactccgagcggggcgat gccgtgtgtaccgagtcagggtggcgaccactccctagttgtgaagagaagagctgcgacaa tccctacatccccaacggcgactactctccactgaggatcaagcacaggacaggcgacgaga tcacctaccagtgccgcaacgggttttaccctgccacaaggggcaatactgccaagtgcacc agcacagggtggattcctgccccccggtgtacactgaagccatgcgattacccagatatcaa acatgggggcctgtaccatgagaatatgaggcggccatactttcccgtggccgtgggcaagt actactcctactattgcgacgagcactttgagacaccctccggctcctactgggaccatatc cactgtacccaggatggctggtcccctgccgtgccatgtctgagaaaatgctacttccccta tctggagaacgggtacaaccagaaccacgggaggaagttcgttcaggggaagtccattgacg tggcctgccatcccggctacgccctgcccaaggcccagactactgtgacctgcatggagaat ggttggagccccaccccccggtgtatccgggtgagctttacccgttga Example codon-optimised FHL-1 nucleotide sequence (SEQ ID NO: 88) In some embodiments, a regulatory element comprising or consisting of a nucleotide sequence having 70% or more, 75% or more, 80% or more, 81% or more, 82% or more, 83% or more, 84% or more, 85% or more, 86% or more, 87% or more, 88% or more, 89% or more, 90% or more, 91% or more, 92% or more, 93% or more, 94% or more, 95% or more, 96% or more, 97% or more, 98% or more, 99% or more, or 100% sequence identity to SEQ ID NO: 6 is operably linked to a protein-coding sequence encoding FHL-1, or a fragment and / or variant thereof. In some embodiments, a regulatory element consisting of the nucleotide sequence of SEQ ID NO: 6 is operably linked to a protein-coding sequence encoding FHL-1, or a fragment and / or variant thereof. Bicistronic complement inhibitor coding sequences The one or more protein-coding sequences may encode two or more inhibitors of the complement system, or fragments and / or variants thereof. In some embodiments, the one or more protein-coding sequences encode CFI and FHL-1, or fragments and / or variants thereof. In some embodiments, the one or more protein-coding sequences encode CFI and FHL-1. Suitably, a first protein-coding sequence encoding a complement inhibitor is linked to a second protein-coding sequence encoding another complement inhibitor by a nucleotide sequence encoding a 2A self-cleaving peptide or an IRES element. These elements allow for the efficient translation of multiple genes from a single transcript (see e.g. Liu, Z., et al., 2017. Scientific reports, 7(1), p.2193; and Renaud-Gabardos, E., et al., 2015. World journal of experimental medicine, 5(1), pp.11-20). In some embodiments, the one or more protein-coding sequences encode CFI and FHL-1, linked by a nucleotide sequence encoding a 2A self-cleaving peptide. 2A self-cleaving peptides are a class of 18–22 aa-long peptides, which can induce ribosomal skipping during translation of a protein in a cell. Suitable 2A self-cleaving peptides include T2A, P2A, E2A and F2A, or variants thereof. In some embodiments, a 2A self-cleaving peptide has at least 70%, at least 75%, at least 80%, at least 85%, at least 90%, at least 95%, or 100% identity to any of SEQ ID NOs: 16- 19. In some embodiments, a 2A self-cleaving peptide comprises or consists of the amino acid sequence any of SEQ ID NOs: 16-19. ATNFSLLKQAGDVEENPGP Example P2A peptide sequence (SEQ ID NO: 16) EGRGSLLTCGDVEENPGP Example T2A peptide sequence (SEQ ID NO: 17) QCTNYALLKLAGDVESNPGP Example E2A peptide sequence (SEQ ID NO: 18) VKQTLNFDLLKLAGDVESNPGP Example F2A peptide sequence (SEQ ID NO: 19) In some embodiments, the 2A self-cleaving peptide is a P2A self-cleaving peptide. A P2A self-cleaving peptide may have at least 70%, at least 75%, at least 80%, at least 85%, at least 90%, at least 95%, or 100% identity to SEQ ID NO: 20. In some embodiments, a P2A self-cleaving peptide comprises or consists of the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 20. GSGATNFSLLKQAGDVEENPGP Example P2A self-cleaving peptide (SEQ ID NO: 20) In some embodiments, the nucleotide encoding a 2A self-cleaving peptide comprises or consists of a nucleotide sequence having at least 70%, at least 75%, at least 80%, at least 85%, at least 90%, at least 95%, at least 96%, at least 97%, at least 98%, at least 99% identity, or 100% identity to SEQ ID NO: 21. In some embodiments, the nucleotide encoding a 2A self-cleaving peptide comprises or consists of the nucleotide sequence of SEQ ID NO: 21. ggaagcggagctactaacttcagcctgctgaagcaggctggcgacgtggaggagaaccctgg acct Example P2A self-cleaving peptide nucleotide (SEQ ID NO: 21) In some embodiments, the protein-coding sequence encodes from 5’ to 3’: CFI; a 2A self- cleaving peptide; and FHL-1. In some embodiments, the protein-coding sequence encodes an amino acid sequence comprising or consisting of an amino acid sequence which is at least 70% identical to SEQ ID NO: 22. In some embodiments, the protein-coding sequence encodes an amino acid sequence comprising or consisting of an amino acid sequence which is at least 75%, at least 80%, at least 85%, at least 90%, at least 95%, at least 96%, at least 97%, at least 98% or at least 99% identical to SEQ ID NO: 22 or a fragment thereof. In some embodiments, the protein-coding sequence encodes an amino acid sequence comprising or consisting of the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 22 or a fragment thereof. MKLLHVFLLFLCFHLRFCKVTYTSQEDLVEKKCLAKKYTHLSCDKVFCQPWQRCIEGTCVCK LPYQCPKNGTAVCATNRRSFPTYCQQKSLECLHPGTKFLNNGTCTAEGKFSVSLKHGNTDSE GIVEVKLVDQDKTMFICKSSWSMREANVACLDLGFQQGADTQRRFKLSDLSINSTECLHVHC RGLETSLAECTFTKRRTMGYQDFADVVCYTQKADSPMDDFFQCVNGKYISQMKACDGINDCG DQSDELCCKACQGKGFHCKSGVCIPSQYQCNGEVDCITGEDEVGCAGFASVTQEETEILTAD MDAERRRIKSLLPKLSCGVKNRMHIRRKRIVGGKRAQLGDLPWQVAIKDASGITCGGIYIGG CWILTAAHCLRASKTHRYQIWTTVVDWIHPDLKRIVIEYVDRIIFHENYNAGTYQNDIALIE MKKDGNKKDCELPRSIPACVPWSPYLFQPNDTCIVSGWGREKDNERVFSLQWGEVKLISNCS KFYGNRFYEKEMECAGTYDGSIDACKGDSGGPLVCMDANNVTYVWGVVSWGENCGKPEFPGV YTKVANYFDWISYHVGRPFISQYNVDYKDDDDKGSGATNFSLLKQAGDVEENPGPMRLLAKI ICLMLWAICVAEDCNELPPRRNTEILTGSWSDQTYPEGTQAIYKCRPGYRSLGNVIMVCRKG EWVALNPLRKCQKRPCGHPGDTPFGTFTLTGGNVFEYGVKAVYTCNEGYQLLGEINYRECDT DGWTNDIPICEVVKCLPVTAPENGKIVSSAMEPDREYHFGQAVRFVCNSGYKIEGDEEMHCS DDGFWSKEKPKCVEISCKSPDVINGSPISQKIIYKENERFQYKCNMGYEYSERGDAVCTESG WRPLPSCEEKSCDNPYIPNGDYSPLRIKHRTGDEITYQCRNGFYPATRGNTAKCTSTGWIPA PRCTLKPCDYPDIKHGGLYHENMRRPYFPVAVGKYYSYYCDEHFETPSGSYWDHIHCTQDGW SPAVPCLRKCYFPYLENGYNQNHGRKFVQGKSIDVACHPGYALPKAQTTVTCMENGWSPTPR CIRVSFTLYPYDVPDYA Example CFI-P2A-FHL1 amino acid sequence (SEQ ID NO: 22) In some embodiments, the protein-coding sequence comprises or consists of a nucleotide sequence which is at least 70% identical to SEQ ID NO: 23 or a fragment thereof. Suitably, the protein-coding sequence comprises or consists of a nucleotide sequence which is at least 75%, at least 80%, at least 85%, at least 90%, at least 95%, at least 96%, at least 97%, at least 98% or at least 99% identical to SEQ ID NO: 23 or a fragment thereof. In some embodiments, the protein-coding sequence comprises or consists of the nucleotide sequence of SEQ ID NO: 23 or a fragment thereof. atgaagctgctgcatgtgttcctgttgttcctgtgttttcacctgagattttgtaaggtgac ttataccagccaggaagacctggtagagaagaagtgcctggccaagaagtatactcacctgt cttgcgataaggtgttctgccagccttggcagcggtgcatcgagggcacctgtgtgtgcaag ctgccctatcagtgtcccaagaatgggaccgccgtgtgtgccaccaacagaaggagcttccc cacctattgccagcagaagagcctggagtgtctgcaccccggcaccaagttcctgaataatg gcacatgtaccgccgagggcaagttctcagtctccctgaagcatggcaacactgacagtgag ggcatcgtggaggtgaaactggtggaccaggacaagacaatgttcatctgtaagtcatcttg gtctatgcgggaggccaacgtggcctgcctggatctgggcttccagcagggggccgataccc agaggcgattcaagctgagcgatctgtctataaacagcaccgagtgcctgcacgtgcactgc aggggcctggaaacctctctggccgaatgcaccttcaccaagagacggactatgggctacca ggattttgccgatgtggtgtgctatacccagaaagccgactcccccatggacgacttcttcc aatgtgtcaatggaaagtacatcagtcagatgaaggcatgtgacggcattaacgattgtggc gatcagagcgatgagctgtgctgtaaggcctgccagggaaagggcttccactgcaaatccgg cgtgtgcatccctagccagtaccagtgtaatggcgaggtggactgtatcacaggagaggacg aagtgggatgcgctggattcgctagtgtgacccaggaggagaccgagatcctgaccgccgac atggatgccgagaggagacgtatcaagtccctgctgcctaagctgtcttgtggagtgaagaa taggatgcacatcagacgcaagagaatcgtcggcggcaagcgcgcccagctgggcgatctgc cctggcaagtggccattaaggacgcctccggcatcacatgtggaggaatatacataggcggg tgctggatcctgaccgccgcccactgcctgcgggcctctaaaactcataggtaccagatctg gacaaccgtggtggattggatccatcctgatctgaagagaatcgtgatcgagtacgtcgata ggattatctttcacgagaactataatgccgggacctaccagaatgacatcgctctcattgag atgaagaaggatggcaacaagaaggactgcgagctgcccaggagcattcccgcttgcgtgcc atggtccccatacctgttccagccaaacgacacctgcatcgtgagcggctggggcagagaaa aggacaacgagagagtgttctccctgcagtggggcgaagtgaagctgatttccaactgcagt aagttctacggcaaccgcttctatgagaaggagatggagtgtgccggcacatacgacggcag catcgacgcctgcaagggcgacagcggcggccccctggtgtgcatggacgccaacaacgtga cctatgtgtggggggtggtgtcctggggcgagaactgtggaaagccagagttccctggagtg tataccaaggtggccaactacttcgattggatcagctaccacgtcggcaggcccttcatcag ccagtacaacgttggaagcggagctactaacttcagcctgctgaagcaggctggcgacgtgg aggagaaccctggacctatgcggctgctggccaaaatcatctgtctgatgctgtgggccatc tgtgtggccgaggattgcaacgagctgccccctagacgcaatacagagatcctgacaggcag ctggtccgaccagacataccctgagggaacccaggccatctacaagtgcagaccaggatatc ggtccctgggaaatgtgataatggtgtgtagaaagggagagtgggtggctctgaaccctctg aggaaatgccagaagcgcccatgcggccaccccggcgatacccccttcggcaccttcacact gaccggcggcaatgtgtttgagtatggcgtgaaggccgtgtacacctgcaacgagggctacc agctgctgggtgagattaactaccgcgagtgtgataccgacggctggaccaacgacatcccc atctgtgaagtggtgaagtgtctgcccgtgaccgcaccagagaatggcaaaatcgtgagttc tgccatggagcctgatagggagtaccactttggccaggccgtgcgctttgtgtgtaattctg gctacaagatcgagggcgacgaggagatgcattgctctgacgatggcttctggtcaaaggaa aagcccaaatgcgtggagattagctgtaagtccccagacgtcatcaacggctcccctatctc tcagaagatcatttacaaggagaatgaacggtttcagtataaatgcaacatgggctacgagt actccgagcggggcgatgccgtgtgtaccgagtcagggtggcgaccactccctagttgtgaa gagaagagctgcgacaatccctacatccccaacggcgactactctccactgaggatcaagca caggacaggcgacgagatcacctaccagtgccgcaacgggttttaccctgccacaaggggca atactgccaagtgcaccagcacagggtggattcctgccccccggtgtacactgaagccatgc gattacccagatatcaaacatgggggcctgtaccatgagaatatgaggcggccatactttcc cgtggccgtgggcaagtactactcctactattgcgacgagcactttgagacaccctccggct cctactgggaccatatccactgtacccaggatggctggtcccctgccgtgccatgtctgaga aaatgctacttcccctatctggagaacgggtacaaccagaaccacgggaggaagttcgttca ggggaagtccattgacgtggcctgccatcccggctacgccctgcccaaggcccagactactg tgacctgcatggagaatggttggagccccaccccccggtgtatccgggtgagctttaccctg Example CFI-P2A-FHL1 nucleotide sequence (SEQ ID NO: 23) In some embodiments, a regulatory element comprising or consisting of a nucleotide sequence having 70% or more, 75% or more, 80% or more, 81% or more, 82% or more, 83% or more, 84% or more, 85% or more, 86% or more, 87% or more, 88% or more, 89% or more, 90% or more, 91% or more, 92% or more, 93% or more, 94% or more, 95% or more, 96% or more, 97% or more, 98% or more, 99% or more, or 100% sequence identity to SEQ ID NO: 6 is operably linked to a protein-coding sequence encoding from 5’ to 3’: CFI; a 2A self-cleaving peptide; and FHL-1. In some embodiments, a regulatory element consisting of the nucleotide sequence of SEQ ID NO: 6 is operably linked to a protein-coding sequence encoding from 5’ to 3’: CFI; a 2A self-cleaving peptide; and FHL-1. In some embodiments, the protein-coding sequence encodes from 5’ to 3’: FHL-1; a 2A self- cleaving peptide; and CFI. In some embodiments, the protein-coding sequence encodes an amino acid sequence comprising or consisting of an amino acid sequence which is at least 70% identical to SEQ ID NO: 24. In some embodiments, the protein-coding sequence encodes an amino acid sequence comprising or consisting of an amino acid sequence which is at least 75%, at least 80%, at least 85%, at least 90%, at least 95%, at least 96%, at least 97%, at least 98% or at least 99% identical to SEQ ID NO: 24 or a fragment thereof. In some embodiments, the protein-coding sequence encodes an amino acid sequence comprising or consisting of the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 24 or a fragment thereof. MRLLAKIICLMLWAICVAEDCNELPPRRNTEILTGSWSDQTYPEGTQAIYKCRPGYRSLGNV IMVCRKGEWVALNPLRKCQKRPCGHPGDTPFGTFTLTGGNVFEYGVKAVYTCNEGYQLLGEI NYRECDTDGWTNDIPICEVVKCLPVTAPENGKIVSSAMEPDREYHFGQAVRFVCNSGYKIEG DEEMHCSDDGFWSKEKPKCVEISCKSPDVINGSPISQKIIYKENERFQYKCNMGYEYSERGD AVCTESGWRPLPSCEEKSCDNPYIPNGDYSPLRIKHRTGDEITYQCRNGFYPATRGNTAKCT STGWIPAPRCTLKPCDYPDIKHGGLYHENMRRPYFPVAVGKYYSYYCDEHFETPSGSYWDHI HCTQDGWSPAVPCLRKCYFPYLENGYNQNHGRKFVQGKSIDVACHPGYALPKAQTTVTCMEN GWSPTPRCIRVSFTLYPYDVPDYAGSGATNFSLLKQAGDVEENPGPMKLLHVFLLFLCFHLR FCKVTYTSQEDLVEKKCLAKKYTHLSCDKVFCQPWQRCIEGTCVCKLPYQCPKNGTAVCATN RRSFPTYCQQKSLECLHPGTKFLNNGTCTAEGKFSVSLKHGNTDSEGIVEVKLVDQDKTMFI CKSSWSMREANVACLDLGFQQGADTQRRFKLSDLSINSTECLHVHCRGLETSLAECTFTKRR TMGYQDFADVVCYTQKADSPMDDFFQCVNGKYISQMKACDGINDCGDQSDELCCKACQGKGF HCKSGVCIPSQYQCNGEVDCITGEDEVGCAGFASVTQEETEILTADMDAERRRIKSLLPKLS CGVKNRMHIRRKRIVGGKRAQLGDLPWQVAIKDASGITCGGIYIGGCWILTAAHCLRASKTH RYQIWTTVVDWIHPDLKRIVIEYVDRIIFHENYNAGTYQNDIALIEMKKDGNKKDCELPRSI PACVPWSPYLFQPNDTCIVSGWGREKDNERVFSLQWGEVKLISNCSKFYGNRFYEKEMECAG TYDGSIDACKGDSGGPLVCMDANNVTYVWGVVSWGENCGKPEFPGVYTKVANYFDWISYHVG RPFISQYNVDYKDDDDK Example FHL1-P2A-CFI amino acid sequence (SEQ ID NO: 24) In some embodiments, the protein-coding sequence comprises or consists of a nucleotide sequence which is at least 70% identical to SEQ ID NO: 25 or a fragment thereof. Suitably, the protein-coding sequence comprises or consists of a nucleotide sequence which is at least 75%, at least 80%, at least 85%, at least 90%, at least 95%, at least 96%, at least 97%, at least 98% or at least 99% identical to SEQ ID NO: 25 or a fragment thereof. In some embodiments, the protein-coding sequence comprises or consists of the nucleotide sequence of SEQ ID NO: 25 or a fragment thereof. atgcggctgctggccaaaatcatctgtctgatgctgtgggccatctgtgtggccgaggattg caacgagctgccccctagacgcaatacagagatcctgacaggcagctggtccgaccagacat accctgagggaacccaggccatctacaagtgcagaccaggatatcggtccctgggaaatgtg ataatggtgtgtagaaagggagagtgggtggctctgaaccctctgaggaaatgccagaagcg cccatgcggccaccccggcgatacccccttcggcaccttcacactgaccggcggcaatgtgt ttgagtatggcgtgaaggccgtgtacacctgcaacgagggctaccagctgctgggtgagatt aactaccgcgagtgtgataccgacggctggaccaacgacatccccatctgtgaagtggtgaa gtgtctgcccgtgaccgcaccagagaatggcaaaatcgtgagttctgccatggagcctgata gggagtaccactttggccaggccgtgcgctttgtgtgtaattctggctacaagatcgagggc gacgaggagatgcattgctctgacgatggcttctggtcaaaggaaaagcccaaatgcgtgga gattagctgtaagtccccagacgtcatcaacggctcccctatctctcagaagatcatttaca aggagaatgaacggtttcagtataaatgcaacatgggctacgagtactccgagcggggcgat gccgtgtgtaccgagtcagggtggcgaccactccctagttgtgaagagaagagctgcgacaa tccctacatccccaacggcgactactctccactgaggatcaagcacaggacaggcgacgaga tcacctaccagtgccgcaacgggttttaccctgccacaaggggcaatactgccaagtgcacc agcacagggtggattcctgccccccggtgtacactgaagccatgcgattacccagatatcaa acatgggggcctgtaccatgagaatatgaggcggccatactttcccgtggccgtgggcaagt actactcctactattgcgacgagcactttgagacaccctccggctcctactgggaccatatc cactgtacccaggatggctggtcccctgccgtgccatgtctgagaaaatgctacttccccta tctggagaacgggtacaaccagaaccacgggaggaagttcgttcaggggaagtccattgacg tggcctgccatcccggctacgccctgcccaaggcccagactactgtgacctgcatggagaat ggttggagccccaccccccggtgtatccgggtgagctttaccctgggaagcggagctactaa cttcagcctgctgaagcaggctggcgacgtggaggagaaccctggacctatgaagctgctgc atgtgttcctgttgttcctgtgttttcacctgagattttgtaaggtgacttataccagccag gaagacctggtagagaagaagtgcctggccaagaagtatactcacctgtcttgcgataaggt gttctgccagccttggcagcggtgcatcgagggcacctgtgtgtgcaagctgccctatcagt gtcccaagaatgggaccgccgtgtgtgccaccaacagaaggagcttccccacctattgccag cagaagagcctggagtgtctgcaccccggcaccaagttcctgaataatggcacatgtaccgc cgagggcaagttctcagtctccctgaagcatggcaacactgacagtgagggcatcgtggagg tgaaactggtggaccaggacaagacaatgttcatctgtaagtcatcttggtctatgcgggag gccaacgtggcctgcctggatctgggcttccagcagggggccgatacccagaggcgattcaa gctgagcgatctgtctataaacagcaccgagtgcctgcacgtgcactgcaggggcctggaaa cctctctggccgaatgcaccttcaccaagagacggactatgggctaccaggattttgccgat gtggtgtgctatacccagaaagccgactcccccatggacgacttcttccaatgtgtcaatgg aaagtacatcagtcagatgaaggcatgtgacggcattaacgattgtggcgatcagagcgatg agctgtgctgtaaggcctgccagggaaagggcttccactgcaaatccggcgtgtgcatccct agccagtaccagtgtaatggcgaggtggactgtatcacaggagaggacgaagtgggatgcgc tggattcgctagtgtgacccaggaggagaccgagatcctgaccgccgacatggatgccgaga ggagacgtatcaagtccctgctgcctaagctgtcttgtggagtgaagaataggatgcacatc agacgcaagagaatcgtcggcggcaagcgcgcccagctgggcgatctgccctggcaagtggc cattaaggacgcctccggcatcacatgtggaggaatatacataggcgggtgctggatcctga ccgccgcccactgcctgcgggcctctaaaactcataggtaccagatctggacaaccgtggtg gattggatccatcctgatctgaagagaatcgtgatcgagtacgtcgataggattatctttca cgagaactataatgccgggacctaccagaatgacatcgctctcattgagatgaagaaggatg gcaacaagaaggactgcgagctgcccaggagcattcccgcttgcgtgccatggtccccatac ctgttccagccaaacgacacctgcatcgtgagcggctggggcagagaaaaggacaacgagag agtgttctccctgcagtggggcgaagtgaagctgatttccaactgcagtaagttctacggca accgcttctatgagaaggagatggagtgtgccggcacatacgacggcagcatcgacgcctgc aagggcgacagcggcggccccctggtgtgcatggacgccaacaacgtgacctatgtgtgggg ggtggtgtcctggggcgagaactgtggaaagccagagttccctggagtgtataccaaggtgg ccaactacttcgattggatcagctaccacgtcggcaggcccttcatcagccagtacaacgtt Example FHL1-P2A-CFI nucleotide sequence (SEQ ID NO: 25) In some embodiments, a regulatory element comprising or consisting of a nucleotide sequence having 70% or more, 75% or more, 80% or more, 81% or more, 82% or more, 83% or more, 84% or more, 85% or more, 86% or more, 87% or more, 88% or more, 89% or more, 90% or more, 91% or more, 92% or more, 93% or more, 94% or more, 95% or more, 96% or more, 97% or more, 98% or more, 99% or more, or 100% sequence identity to SEQ ID NO: 6 is operably linked to a protein-coding sequence encoding from 5’ to 3’: FHL-1; a 2A self-cleaving peptide; and CFI. In some embodiments, a regulatory element consisting of the nucleotide sequence of SEQ ID NO: 6 is operably linked to a protein-coding sequence encoding from 5’ to 3’: FHL-1; a 2A self-cleaving peptide; and CFI. COL4A3, COL4A4 and COL4A5 polypeptides The one or more protein-coding sequences may encode a COL4A3, COL4A4 or COL4A5 polypeptide, or a fragment and / or variant thereof. COL4A3, COL4A4 and COL4A5 proteins are approximately 170-185 kDa homologous polypeptides containing collagenous Gly-X-Y repeat sequences frequently interrupted by non-collagenous sequences and forming a triple helix repeat. Each polypeptide also contains a large globular non-collagenous domain at the carboxyl-terminal end. The COL4A3, COL4A4 or COL4A5 polypeptide or a fragment and / or variant thereof may be capable of forming a collagen IV α345 network. Approximately 200-300 amino acids may be removed from each of the COL4A3, COL4A4 and COL4A5 polypeptides to produce a truncated protein-coding sequence suitable for a mini-gene approach. The amino acids may be removed from the triple helix repeat. Preferably the amino acids are not removed from the non-collagenous region. In some embodiments the COL4A3, COL4A4 and COL4A5 polypeptides are full-length polypeptides. Preferably, the COL4A3, COL4A4 or COL4A5 polypeptide is human. An example human COL4A3 is the COL4A3 having the UniProtKB accession number Q01955. An example human COL4A4 is the COL4A3 having the UniProtKB accession number P53420. An example human COL4A5 is the COL4A5 having the UniProtKB accession number P29400. In some embodiments, the COL4A3 polypeptide comprises or consists of an amino acid sequence which is at least 70% identical to SEQ ID NO: 26 or a fragment thereof. Suitably, the COL4A3 polypeptide comprises or consists of an amino acid sequence which is at least 75%, at least 80%, at least 85%, at least 90%, at least 95%, at least 96%, at least 97%, at least 98% or at least 99% identical to SEQ ID NO: 26 or a fragment thereof. In some embodiments, the COL4A3 polypeptide comprises or consists of the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 26 or a fragment thereof. MSARTAPRPQVLLLPLLLVLLAAAPAASKGCVCKDKGQCFCDGAKGEKGEKGFPGPPGSPGQ KGFTGPEGLPGPQGPKGFPGLPGLTGSKGVRGISGLPGFSGSPGLPGTPGNTGPYGLVGVPG CSGSKGEQGFPGLPGTLGYPGIPGAAGLKGQKGAPAKEEDIELDAKGDPGLPGAPGPQGLPG PPGFPGPVGPPGPPGFFGFPGAMGPRGPKGHMGERVIGHKGERGVKGLTGPPGPPGTVIVTL TGPDNRTDLKGEKGDKGAMGEPGPPGPSGLPGESYGSEKGAPGDPGLQGKPGKDGVPGFPGS EGVKGNRGFPGLMGEDGIKGQKGDIGPPGFRGPTEYYDTYQEKGDEGTPGPPGPRGARGPQG PSGPPGVPGSPGSSRPGLRGAPGWPGLKGSKGERGRPGKDAMGTPGSPGCAGSPGLPGSPGP PGPPGDIVFRKGPPGDHGLPGYLGSPGIPGVDGPKGEPGLLCTQCPYIPGPPGLPGLPGLHG VKGIPGRQGAAGLKGSPGSPGNTGLPGFPGFPGAQGDPGLKGEKGETLQPEGQVGVPGDPGL RGQPGRKGLDGIPGTPGVKGLPGPKGELALSGEKGDQGPPGDPGSPGSPGPAGPAGPPGYGP QGEPGLQGTQGVPGAPGPPGEAGPRGELSVSTPVPGPPGPPGPPGHPGPQGPPGIPGSLGKC GDPGLPGPDGEPGIPGIGFPGPPGPKGDQGFPGTKGSLGCPGKMGEPGLPGKPGLPGAKGEP AVAMPGGPGTPGFPGERGNSGEHGEIGLPGLPGLPGTPGNEGLDGPRGDPGQPGPPGEQGPP GRCIEGPRGAQGLPGLNGLKGQQGRRGKTGPKGDPGIPGLDRSGFPGETGSPGIPGHQGEMG PLGQRGYPGNPGILGPPGEDGVIGMMGFPGAIGPPGPPGNPGTPGQRGSPGIPGVKGQRGTP GAKGEQGDKGNPGPSEISHVIGDKGEPGLKGFAGNPGEKGNRGVPGMPGLKGLKGLPGPAGP PGPRGDLGSTGNPGEPGLRGIPGSMGNMGMPGSKGKRGTLGFPGRAGRPGLPGIHGLQGDKG EPGYSEGTRPGPPGPTGDPGLPGDMGKKGEMGQPGPPGHLGPAGPEGAPGSPGSPGLPGKPG PHGDLGFKGIKGLLGPPGIRGPPGLPGFPGSPGPMGIRGDQGRDGIPGPAGEKGETGLLRAP PGPRGNPGAQGAKGDRGAPGFPGLPGRKGAMGDAGPRGPTGIEGFPGPPGLPGAIIPGQTGN RGPPGSRGSPGAPGPPGPPGSHVIGIKGDKGSMGHPGPKGPPGTAGDMGPPGRLGAPGTPGL PGPRGDPGFQGFPGVKGEKGNPGFLGSIGPPGPIGPKGPPGVRGDPGTLKIISLPGSPGPPG TPGEPGMQGEPGPPGPPGNLGPCGPRGKPGKDGKPGTPGPAGEKGNKGSKGEPGPAGSDGLP GLKGKRGDSGSPATWTTRGFVFTRHSQTTAIPSCPEGTVPLYSGFSFLFVQGNQRAHGQDLG TLGSCLQRFTTMPFLFCNVNDVCNFASRNDYSYWLSTPALMPMNMAPITGRALEPYISRCTV CEGPAIAIAVHSQTTDIPPCPHGWISLWKGFSFIMFTSAGSEGTGQALASPGSCLEEFRASP FLECHGRGTCNYYSNSYSFWLASLNPERMFRKPIPSTVKAGELEKIISRCQVCMKKRH Example COL4A3 amino acid sequence (SEQ ID NO: 26) In some embodiments, the COL4A4 polypeptide comprises or consists of an amino acid sequence which is at least 70% identical to SEQ ID NO: 27 or a fragment thereof. Suitably, the COL4A4 polypeptide comprises or consists of an amino acid sequence which is at least 75%, at least 80%, at least 85%, at least 90%, at least 95%, at least 96%, at least 97%, at least 98% or at least 99% identical to SEQ ID NO: 27 or a fragment thereof. In some embodiments, the COL4A4 polypeptide comprises or consists of the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 27 or a fragment thereof. MWSLHIVLMRCSFRLTKSLATGPWSLILILFSVQYVYGSGKKYIGPCGGRDCSVCHCVPEKG SRGPPGPPGPQGPIGPLGAPGPIGLSGEKGMRGDRGPPGAAGDKGDKGPTGVPGFPGLDGIP GHPGPPGPRGKPGMSGHNGSRGDPGFPGGRGALGPGGPLGHPGEKGEKGNSVFILGAVKGIQ GDRGDPGLPGLPGSWGAGGPAGPTGYPGEPGLVGPPGQPGRPGLKGNPGVGVKGQMGDPGEV GQQGSPGPTLLVEPPDFCLYKGEKGIKGIPGMVGLPGPPGRKGESGIGAKGEKGIPGFPGPR GDPGSYGSPGFPGLKGELGLVGDPGLFGLIGPKGDPGNRGHPGPPGVLVTPPLPLKGPPGDP GFPGRYGETGDVGPPGPPGLLGRPGEACAGMIGPPGPQGFPGLPGLPGEAGIPGRPDSAPGK PGKPGSPGLPGAPGLQGLPGSSVIYCSVGNPGPQGIKGKVGPPGGRGPKGEKGNEGLCACEP GPMGPPGPPGLPGRQGSKGDLGLPGWLGTKGDPGPPGAEGPPGLPGKHGASGPPGNKGAKGD MVVSRVKGHKGERGPDGPPGFPGQPGSHGRDGHAGEKGDPGPPGDHEDATPGGKGFPGPLGP PGKAGPVGPPGLGFPGPPGERGHPGVPGHPGVRGPDGLKGQKGDTISCNVTYPGRHGPPGFD GPPGPKGFPGPQGAPGLSGSDGHKGRPGTPGTAEIPGPPGFRGDMGDPGFGGEKGSSPVGPP GPPGSPGVNGQKGIPGDPAFGHLGPPGKRGLSGVPGIKGPRGDPGCPGAEGPAGIPGFLGLK GPKGREGHAGFPGVPGPPGHSCERGAPGIPGQPGLPGYPGSPGAPGGKGQPGDVGPPGPAGM KGLPGLPGRPGAHGPPGLPGIPGPFGDDGLPGPPGPKGPRGLPGFPGFPGERGKPGAEGCPG AKGEPGEKGMSGLPGDRGLRGAKGAIGPPGDEGEMAIISQKGTPGEPGPPGDDGFPGERGDK GTPGMQGRRGEPGRYGPPGFHRGEPGEKGQPGPPGPPGPPGSTGLRGFIGFPGLPGDQGEPG SPGPPGFSGIDGARGPKGNKGDPASHFGPPGPKGEPGSPGCPGHFGASGEQGLPGIQGPRGS PGRPGPPGSSGPPGCPGDHGMPGLRGQPGEMGDPGPRGLQGDPGIPGPPGIKGPSGSPGLNG LHGLKGQKGTKGASGLHDVGPPGPVGIPGLKGERGDPGSPGISPPGPRGKKGPPGPPGSSGP PGPAGATGRAPKDIPDPGPPGDQGPPGPDGPRGAPGPPGLPGSVDLLRGEPGDCGLPGPPGP PGPPGPPGYKGFPGCDGKDGQKGPVGFPGPQGPHGFPGPPGEKGLPGPPGRKGPTGLPGPRG EPGPPADVDDCPRIPGLPGAPGMRGPEGAMGLPGMRGPSGPGCKGEPGLDGRRGVDGVPGSP GPPGRKGDTGEDGYPGGPGPPGPIGDPGPKGFGPGYLGGFLLVLHSQTDQEPTCPLGMPRLW TGYSLLYLEGQEKAHNQDLGLAGSCLPVFSTLPFAYCNIHQVCHYAQRNDRSYWLASAAPLP MMPLSEEAIRPYVSRCAVCEAPAQAVAVHSQDQSIPPCPQTWRSLWIGYSFLMHTGAGDQGG GQALMSPGSCLEDFRAAPFLECQGRQGTCHFFANKYSFWLTTVKADLQFSSAPAPDTLKESQ AQRQKISRCQVCVKYS Example COL4A4 amino acid sequence (SEQ ID NO: 27) In some embodiments, the COL4A5 polypeptide comprises or consists of an amino acid sequence which is at least 70% identical to SEQ ID NO: 28 or a fragment thereof. Suitably, the COL4A5 polypeptide comprises or consists of an amino acid sequence which is at least 75%, at least 80%, at least 85%, at least 90%, at least 95%, at least 96%, at least 97%, at least 98% or at least 99% identical to SEQ ID NO: 28 or a fragment thereof. In some embodiments, the COL4A5 polypeptide comprises or consists of the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 28 or a fragment thereof. MKLRGVSLAAGLFLLALSLWGQPAEAAACYGCSPGSKCDCSGIKGEKGERGFPGLEGHPGLP GFPGPEGPPGPRGQKGDDGIPGPPGPKGIRGPPGLPGFPGTPGLPGMPGHDGAPGPQGIPGC NGTKGERGFPGSPGFPGLQGPPGPPGIPGMKGEPGSIIMSSLPGPKGNPGYPGPPGIQGLPG PTGIPGPIGPPGPPGLMGPPGPPGLPGPKGNMGLNFQGPKGEKGEQGLQGPPGPPGQISEQK RPIDVEFQKGDQGLPGDRGPPGPPGIRGPPGPPGGEKGEKGEQGEPGKRGKPGKDGENGQPG IPGLPGDPGYPGEPGRDGEKGQKGDTGPPGPPGLVIPRPGTGITIGEKGNIGLPGLPGEKGE RGFPGIQGPPGLPGPPGAAVMGPPGPPGFPGERGQKGDEGPPGISIPGPPGLDGQPGAPGLP GPPGPAGPHIPPSDEICEPGPPGPPGSPGDKGLQGEQGVKGDKGDTCFNCIGTGISGPPGQP GLPGLPGPPGSLGFPGQKGEKGQAGATGPKGLPGIPGAPGAPGFPGSKGEPGDILTFPGMKG DKGELGSPGAPGLPGLPGTPGQDGLPGLPGPKGEPGGITFKGERGPPGNPGLPGLPGNIGPM GPPGFGPPGPVGEKGIQGVAGNPGQPGIPGPKGDPGQTITQPGKPGLPGNPGRDGDVGLPGD PGLPGQPGLPGIPGSKGEPGIPGIGLPGPPGPKGFPGIPGPPGAPGTPGRIGLEGPPGPPGF PGPKGEPGFALPGPPGPPGLPGFKGALGPKGDRGFPGPPGPPGRTGLDGLPGPKGDVGPNGQ PGPMGPPGLPGIGVQGPPGPPGIPGPIGQPGLHGIPGEKGDPGPPGLDVPGPPGERGSPGIP GAPGPIGPPGSPGLPGKAGASGFPGTKGEMGMMGPPGPPGPLGIPGRSGVPGLKGDDGLQGQ PGLPGPTGEKGSKGEPGLPGPPGPMDPNLLGSKGEKGEPGLPGIPGVSGPKGYQGLPGDPGQ PGLSGQPGLPGPPGPKGNPGLPGQPGLIGPPGLKGTIGDMGFPGPQGVEGPPGPSGVPGQPG SPGLPGQKGDKGDPGISSIGLPGLPGPKGEPGLPGYPGNPGIKGSVGDPGLPGLPGTPGAKG QPGLPGFPGTPGPPGPKGISGPPGNPGLPGEPGPVGGGGHPGQPGPPGEKGKPGQDGIPGPA GQKGEPGQPGFGNPGPPGLPGLSGQKGDGGLPGIPGNPGLPGPKGEPGFHGFPGVQGPPGPP GSPGPALEGPKGNPGPQGPPGRPGLPGPEGPPGLPGNGGIKGEKGNPGQPGLPGLPGLKGDQ GPPGLQGNPGRPGLNGMKGDPGLPGVPGFPGMKGPSGVPGSAGPEGEPGLIGPPGPPGLPGP SGQSIIIKGDAGPPGIPGQPGLKGLPGPQGPQGLPGPTGPPGDPGRNGLPGFDGAGGRKGDP GLPGQPGTRGLDGPPGPDGLQGPPGPPGTSSVAHGFLITRHSQTTDAPQCPQGTLQVYEGFS LLYVQGNKRAHGQDLGTAGSCLRRFSTMPFMFCNINNVCNFASRNDYSYWLSTPEPMPMSMQ PLKGQSIQPFISRCAVCEAPAVVIAVHSQTIQIPHCPQGWDSLWIGYSFMMHTSAGAEGSGQ ALASPGSCLEEFRSAPFIECHGRGTCNYYANSYSFWLATVDVSDMFSKPQSETLKAGDLRTR ISRCQVCMKRT Example COL4A5 amino acid sequence (SEQ ID NO: 28) An example protein-coding sequence encoding COL4A3 is provided in NM_000091.5. An example protein-coding sequence encoding COL4A4 is provided in NM_000092.5. An example protein-coding sequence encoding COL4A5 is provided in NM_000495.5. In some embodiments, the protein-coding sequence encoding COL4A3 comprises or consists of a nucleotide sequence which is at least 70% identical to SEQ ID NO: 29 or a fragment thereof. Suitably, the protein-coding sequence encoding COL4A3 comprises or consists of a nucleotide sequence which is at least 75%, at least 80%, at least 85%, at least 90%, at least 95%, at least 96%, at least 97%, at least 98% or at least 99% identical to SEQ ID NO: 29 or a fragment thereof. In some embodiments, the protein-coding sequence encoding COL4A3, comprises or consists of the nucleotide sequence of SEQ ID NO: 29 or a fragment thereof. atgagcgcccggaccgcccccaggccgcaggtgctcctgctgccgctcctgctggtgctcct ggcggcggcgcccgcagccagcaagggttgtgtctgtaaagacaaaggccagtgcttctgtg acggggccaaaggggagaagggggagaagggctttcctggaccccccggttctcctggccag aaaggattcacaggtcctgaaggcttgcctggaccgcagggacccaagggctttccaggact tccaggactcacgggttccaaaggtgtaaggggaataagtggattgccaggattttctggtt ctcctggacttccaggcaccccaggcaataccgggccttacggacttgtcggtgtaccagga tgcagtggttctaagggtgagcaggggtttccaggactcccagggacactgggctacccagg gatcccgggtgctgctggtttgaaaggacaaaagggtgctcctgctaaagaagaagatatag aacttgatgcaaaaggcgaccccgggttgccaggggctccaggaccccagggtttgccaggc cctccaggttttcctgggcctgttggcccacctggtcctccgggattctttggctttccagg agccatgggacctagaggacctaagggtcacatgggtgaaagagtgataggacataaaggag agcggggtgtgaaagggttaacaggacccccgggaccaccaggaacagttattgtgacccta actggcccagataacagaacggacctcaagggggaaaagggagacaagggagcaatgggcga gcctggacctcctggaccctcaggactgcctggagaatcatatggatctgaaaagggtgctc ctggagaccctggcctgcagggaaaacccggaaaagatggtgttcctggcttccctggaagt gagggagtcaagggcaacaggggtttccctgggttaatgggtgaagatggcattaagggaca gaaaggggacattggccctccaggatttcgtggtccaacagaatattatgacacataccagg aaaagggagatgaaggcactccaggcccaccagggcccagaggagctcgtggcccacaaggt cccagtggtccccccggagttcctggaagtcctggatcatcaaggcctggcctcagaggagc ccctggatggccaggcctgaaaggaagtaaaggggaacgaggccgcccaggaaaggatgcca tggggactcctgggtccccaggttgtgctggttcaccaggtcttccaggatcaccgggacct ccaggaccgccaggtgacatcgtttttcgcaagggtccacctggagatcacggactgccagg ctatctagggtctccaggaatcccaggagttgatgggcccaaaggagaaccaggcctcctgt gtacacagtgcccttatatcccagggcctcccggtctcccaggattgccagggttacatggt gtaaaaggaatcccaggaagacaaggcgcagctggcttgaaaggaagcccagggtccccagg aaatacaggtcttccaggatttccaggtttcccaggtgcccagggtgacccaggacttaaag gagaaaaaggtgaaacacttcagcctgaggggcaagtgggtgtcccaggtgacccggggctc agaggccaacctgggagaaagggcttggatggaattcctggaactccgggagtgaaaggatt accaggacctaaaggcgaactggctctgagtggtgagaaaggggaccaaggtcctccagggg atcctggctcccctgggtccccaggacctgcaggaccagctggaccacctggctacggaccc caaggagaacctggtctccagggcacgcaaggagttcctggagcccccggaccacccggaga agccggccctaggggagagctcagtgtttcaacaccagttccaggcccaccaggacctccag ggccccctggccatcctggcccccaaggtccacctggtatccctggatccctggggaaatgt ggagatcctggtcttccagggcctgatggtgaaccaggaattccaggaattggatttcctgg gcctcctggacctaagggagaccaaggttttccaggtacaaaaggatcactgggttgtcctg gaaaaatgggagagcctgggttacctggaaagccaggcctcccaggagccaagggagaacca gcagtagccatgcctggaggaccaggaacaccaggttttccaggagaaagaggcaattctgg ggaacatggagaaattggactccctggacttccaggtctccctggaactccaggaaatgaag ggcttgatggaccacgaggagatccagggcagcctggaccacctggagaacaaggaccccca ggaaggtgcatagagggtcccaggggagcccaaggacttccaggcttaaatggattgaaagg gcaacaaggcagaagaggtaaaacggggccaaagggagacccaggaattccaggcttggata gatcaggatttcctggagaaactggatcaccaggaattccaggtcatcaaggtgaaatggga ccactgggtcaaagaggatatccaggaaatccgggaattttagggccaccaggtgaagatgg agtgattgggatgatgggctttcctggagccattggccctccagggccccctgggaacccag gcacaccagggcagagggggagccctggaattccaggagtaaagggccagagaggaacccca ggagccaagggggaacaaggagataaaggaaatcccgggccttcagagatatcccacgtaat aggggacaaaggagaaccaggtctcaaaggattcgcaggaaatccaggtgagaaaggaaaca gaggcgttccagggatgccaggtttaaagggcctcaaaggactacccggaccagcaggacca ccaggccccagaggagatttgggcagcactgggaatcctggagaaccaggactgcgtggtat accaggaagcatggggaacatgggcatgccaggttctaaaggaaaaaggggaactttgggat tcccaggtcgagcaggaagaccaggcctcccaggtattcatggtctccagggagataaggga gagccaggttattcagaaggtacaaggccaggaccaccgggaccaacgggggatccaggact gccgggtgatatgggaaagaaaggagaaatggggcaacctggcccacctggacatttggggc ctgctggacctgagggagcccctggaagtcctggaagtcctggcctcccaggaaagccaggt cctcatggtgatttgggttttaaaggaatcaaaggcctcctgggccctccaggaatcagagg ccctccaggtcttccaggatttccaggatctcctggaccaatgggtataagaggtgaccaag gacgtgatggaattcctggtccagccggagaaaagggagaaacgggtttattgagggcccct ccaggcccaagagggaaccctggtgctcaaggagccaaaggagacaggggagccccaggttt tcctggcctcccgggcagaaaaggggccatgggagatgctggacctcgaggacccacaggca tagaaggattcccagggccaccaggtctgcccggtgcaattatccctggccagacaggaaat cgtggtccaccaggctcaagaggaagcccaggtgcgcctggtccccctggacctccagggag tcatgtaataggcataaaaggagacaaagggtctatgggccaccctggcccaaaaggtccac ctggaactgcaggagacatgggaccaccaggtcgtctgggagcaccaggtactccaggtctt ccaggacccagaggtgatcctggattccaggggtttccaggcgtgaaaggagaaaagggtaa tcctggatttctaggatccattggacctccaggaccaattgggccaaaaggaccacctggtg tacgtggagaccctggcacacttaagattatctcccttccaggaagcccagggccacctggc acacctggagaaccagggatgcagggagaacctgggccaccagggccacctggaaacctagg accctgtgggccaagaggtaagccaggcaaggatggaaaaccaggaactcctggaccagctg gagaaaaaggcaacaaaggttctaaaggagagccaggaccagctggatcagatggattgcca ggtttgaaaggaaaacgtggagacagtggatcacctgcaacctggacaacgagaggctttgt cttcacccgacacagtcaaaccacagcaattccttcatgtccagaggggacagtgccactct acagtgggttttcttttctttttgtacaaggaaatcaacgagcccacggacaagaccttgga actcttggcagctgcctgcagcgatttaccacaatgccattcttattctgcaatgtcaatga tgtatgtaattttgcatctcgaaatgattattcatactggctgtcaacaccagctctgatgc caatgaacatggctcccattactggcagagcccttgagccttatataagcagatgcactgtt tgtgaaggtcctgcgatcgccatagccgttcacagccaaaccactgacattcctccatgtcc tcacggctggatttctctctggaaaggattttcattcatcatgttcacaagtgcaggttctg agggcaccgggcaagcactggcctcccctggctcctgcctggaagaattccgagccagccca tttctagaatgtcatggaagaggaacgtgcaactactattcaaattcctacagtttctggct ggcttcattaaacccagaaagaatgttcagaaagcctattccatcaactgtgaaagctgggg aattagaaaaaataataagtcgctgtcaggtgtgcatgaagaaaagacactga Example COL4A3 nucleotide sequence (SEQ ID NO: 29) In some embodiments, the protein-coding sequence encoding COL4A4 comprises or consists of a nucleotide sequence which is at least 70% identical to SEQ ID NO: 30 or a fragment thereof. Suitably, the protein-coding sequence encoding COL4A4 comprises or consists of a nucleotide sequence which is at least 75%, at least 80%, at least 85%, at least 90%, at least 95%, at least 96%, at least 97%, at least 98% or at least 99% identical to SEQ ID NO: 30 or a fragment thereof. In some embodiments, the protein-coding sequence encoding COL4A4, comprises or consists of the nucleotide sequence of SEQ ID NO: 30 or a fragment thereof. atgtggtctctgcacatagtactaatgaggtgctccttcagattgaccaagtccttggccac aggtccctggtcacttatactcattctcttttctgtacaatatgtatatgggagtggaaaga aatacattggtccttgtggaggaagagattgctctgtttgccactgtgttcctgaaaagggg tctcggggtccaccaggaccaccagggccacagggtccaattggacccctgggagccccagg acccattgggctttcaggagagaaaggaatgagaggggaccgcggccctcctggagcagcag gggacaaaggagataagggtccaactggtgttcctggatttccaggtttagatggcatacct gggcacccagggcctcctggacccagaggcaaacctggtatgagtggccacaatggctcaag aggtgacccagggtttccaggaggaagaggagctcttggcccaggaggccccctaggccatc ctggggaaaagggagaaaaaggaaattcagtgttcattttaggtgccgttaaaggtattcag ggagacagaggggacccaggactgcctggcttaccaggatcttggggtgcaggaggaccggc aggtcccacaggatatcctggagagccagggttagtgggacctccgggccaaccagggcgtc caggtttgaagggaaatcccggtgtgggagtaaaggggcaaatgggagacccgggtgaggtt ggtcagcaaggttctcctggacccaccctgttggtagagccacctgacttttgtctctataa aggagaaaagggtataaaaggaattcctggaatggttggactgccaggaccaccaggacgca agggagaatctggtattggggcaaaaggagaaaaaggtattcctggatttccagggcctcgg ggggatcctggttcctatggatctccaggttttccaggattaaagggagaactaggactggt tggagatcctgggctatttggattaattggcccaaagggggatcctggaaatcgagggcacc caggaccaccaggtgttttggtgactccacctcttccactcaaaggcccaccaggggaccca gggttccctggccgctatggagaaacaggggatgttggaccacctggtcccccaggtctctt gggcagaccaggggaagcctgtgcaggcatgataggaccccctgggccacaaggatttcctg gtcttcctgggcttccaggagaagctggtattcctgggagacctgattctgctccaggaaaa ccagggaagccaggatcacctggcttgcctggagcaccaggcctgcagggcctcccaggatc aagtgtgatatactgtagtgttgggaaccccggaccacaaggaataaaaggcaaagttggtc ccccaggaggaagaggcccaaaaggagaaaaaggaaatgaaggactctgtgcctgtgagcct ggacccatgggcccccctggccctccaggacttcctgggaggcaggggagtaagggagactt ggggctccctggctggcttggaacaaaaggtgacccaggacctcctggtgctgaaggacctc cagggctaccaggaaagcatggtgcctctggaccacctggcaacaaaggggcgaagggtgac atggttgtatcaagagttaaagggcacaaaggagaaagaggtcctgatgggcccccaggatt tccagggcagccaggatcacatggtcgggatggacatgctggagaaaaaggggatccaggac ctccaggggatcatgaagatgcgaccccaggtggtaaaggatttcctggacctctgggcccc ccaggcaaagcaggacctgtggggcccccaggactgggatttcctggtccaccaggagagcg aggccacccaggagttccaggccacccaggtgtgaggggccctgatggcttgaagggtcaga aaggtgacacaatttcttgcaacgtaacctaccctgggaggcatggccctccaggttttgat ggacctccaggtccgaagggatttccaggtccccaaggtgcccctgggctgagtggttcaga tgggcataaaggcagacctggcacaccaggaacagcggaaataccaggtccacctggttttc gtggtgacatgggagatccgggttttggaggtgaaaaggggtcctcccctgttgggccccca ggccctcccggctcaccaggagtgaatggtcagaaaggaatcccgggagaccctgcatttgg tcacctgggacccccgggaaagaggggtctttcaggagtgccagggataaaaggacccagag gtgatccgggatgtccaggggctgaagggccagctggcattcctggattcctaggtctcaaa ggtcccaaaggcagagagggacatgctgggtttccaggtgtcccaggtccacctggccattc ctgtgaaagaggtgctccagggataccagggcaaccgggactccctgggtatccaggtagcc caggtgctccaggtgggaaaggacagccgggagatgtggggcctcccgggccagctggaatg aaaggcctccccggactcccaggacggcctggggcacatggtcccccaggcctcccaggaat cccaggtccctttggagatgatgggctacctggtcctccaggtccaaagggaccccgggggc tgcctggtttcccaggttttcccggagaaagaggaaagcctggtgcagagggatgtcctggc gcaaagggagaacctggagagaagggcatgtctggccttcctggagaccggggactgagagg ggccaaaggagccataggacctcccggagatgaaggagaaatggctatcatttcacaaaagg gaacacctggggaacctggacctcctggagatgatggattcccaggagaaagaggtgataaa ggaactcccgggatgcaagggagaagaggagagccgggaagatacggaccacctggatttca cagaggggaacctggtgagaaaggtcagccagggcctcctggacccccaggccctccaggct caactggtctaagagggttcattggttttccaggacttccaggtgaccagggtgagccaggt tctccaggtccccctggattttcaggaattgatggagcaagaggacctaaaggaaacaaagg tgaccctgccagtcactttggtccacctggtccaaagggtgagccaggtagccctggatgtc cagggcattttggagcatccggagagcagggcttgcctggtattcaagggcccagaggatca cctggaaggccagggccacctggctcctctggaccaccagggtgcccaggtgatcacgggat gcctgggctgaggggacagccaggagaaatgggagaccctgggccaagaggcctccaggggg atccagggataccaggtcctccgggaataaaaggtccctccggatcacctggcctgaacggc ttgcatggattgaaaggtcagaaaggaactaaaggtgcttcaggtttgcatgatgtggggcc acctggtccagtgggaatacctgggctaaaaggggagagaggagaccctgggagcccaggaa tctctcctccaggtcctcgtggaaagaaaggtcccccaggacccccagggagttcaggacca cctggtcctgcaggtgccacaggaagagctcctaaggacattcctgacccgggtccacctgg agatcagggacctcctggtcctgatggcccaagaggagcacctgggcctccaggcctccctg ggagtgttgaccttctgagaggggagccaggtgactgtggtctaccagggccaccaggtccc cctggcccaccaggccctccaggatacaaaggctttccaggatgtgatggaaaagatggcca gaaaggaccagtgggattcccgggaccgcagggaccacatggatttcctgggccacctggag agaagggtttacctggacctccagggagaaaagggcccactggtcttccgggtcccagaggt gaaccggggccacctgcagatgtggatgactgtccccgaatcccaggccttcctggggcgcc aggcatgagaggaccagaaggagccatggggctccctggaatgagaggcccctcaggaccag ggtgcaaaggagagcctgggctggatggcaggaggggtgtggatggcgtccctgggtctcct gggcctcccggacgtaaaggtgacacaggagaagacggctaccctggaggaccagggcctcc tggtcccattggggatcctgggcccaaagggtttggccctggatacctcggtggcttcctcc tggttctccacagtcagacggaccaggagcccacctgccccctgggcatgcccaggctctgg actgggtatagtctgttatacctggaagggcaagagaaagctcacaatcaagaccttggtct ggcagggtcttgccttcccgtatttagcacgctgccctttgcctactgcaacatccaccagg tgtgccactatgcccagagaaacgacagatcctactggctggccagcgctgcgcccctcccc atgatgccactctctgaagaggcgatccgcccctatgtcagccgctgtgcggtatgcgaggc cccggcccaggcggtggcggtgcacagccaggaccagtccatccccccatgtccgcagacct ggaggagcctctggatcgggtattcattcctgatgcacacaggagctggggaccaaggagga gggcaggcccttatgtcacctggcagctgcctggaagatttcagagcagcaccattccttga atgccagggccggcagggaacttgccactttttcgcaaataagtatagcttctggctcacaa cggtgaaagcagacttgcagttttcctctgctccagcaccagacaccttaaaagaaagccag gcccaacgccagaaaatcagccggtgccaggtctgcgtgaagtatagctag Example COL4A4 nucleotide sequence (SEQ ID NO: 30) In some embodiments, the protein-coding sequence encoding COL4A5 comprises or consists of a nucleotide sequence which is at least 70% identical to SEQ ID NO: 31 or a fragment thereof. Suitably, the protein-coding sequence encoding COL4A5 comprises or consists of a nucleotide sequence which is at least 75%, at least 80%, at least 85%, at least 90%, at least 95%, at least 96%, at least 97%, at least 98% or at least 99% identical to SEQ ID NO: 31 or a fragment thereof. In some embodiments, the protein-coding sequence encoding COL4A5, comprises or consists of the nucleotide sequence of SEQ ID NO: 31 or a fragment thereof. atgaaactgcgtggagtcagcctggctgccggcttgttcttactggccctgagtctttgggg gcagcctgcagaggctgcggcttgctatgggtgttctccaggatcaaagtgtgactgcagtg gcataaaaggggaaaagggagagagagggtttccaggtttggaaggacacccaggattgcct ggatttccaggtccagaagggcctccggggcctcggggacaaaagggtgatgatggaattcc agggccaccaggaccaaaaggaatcagaggtcctcctggacttcctggatttccagggacac caggtcttcctggaatgccaggccacgatggggccccaggacctcaaggtattcccggatgc aatggaaccaagggagaacgtggatttccaggcagtcccggttttcctggtttacagggtcc tccaggaccccctgggatcccaggtatgaagggtgaaccaggtagtataattatgtcatcac tgccaggaccaaagggtaatccaggatatccaggtcctcctggaatacaaggcctacctggt cccactggtataccagggccaattggtcccccaggaccaccaggtttgatgggccctcctgg tccaccaggacttccaggacctaaggggaatatgggcttaaatttccagggacccaaaggtg aaaaaggtgagcaaggtcttcagggcccacctgggccacctgggcagatcagtgaacagaaa agaccaattgatgtagagtttcagaaaggagatcagggacttcctggtgaccgagggcctcc tggacctccagggatacgtggtcctccaggtcccccaggtggtgagaaaggtgagaagggtg agcaaggagagccaggcaaaagaggtaaaccaggcaaagatggagaaaatggccaaccagga attcctggtttgcctggtgatcctggttaccctggtgaacccggaagggatggtgaaaaggg ccaaaaaggtgacactggcccacctggacctcctggacttgtaattcctagacctgggactg gtataactataggagaaaaaggaaacattgggttgcctgggttgcctggagaaaaaggagag cgaggatttcctggaatacagggtccacctggccttcctggacctccaggggctgcagttat gggtcctcctggccctcctggatttcctggagaaaggggtcagaaaggtgatgaaggaccac ctggaatttccattcctggacctcctggacttgacggacagcctggggctcctgggcttcca gggcctcctggccctgctggccctcacattcctcctagtgatgagatatgtgaaccaggccc tccaggccccccaggatctccaggtgataaaggactccaaggagaacaaggagtgaaaggtg acaaaggtgacacttgcttcaactgcattggaactggtatttcagggcctccaggtcaacct ggtttgccaggtctcccaggtcctccaggatctcttggtttccctggacagaaaggggaaaa aggacaagctggtgcaactggtcccaaaggattaccaggcattccaggagctccaggtgctc caggctttcctggatctaaaggtgaacctggtgatatcctcacttttccaggaatgaagggt gacaaaggagagttgggttcccctggagctccagggcttcctggtttacctggcactcctgg acaggatggattgccagggcttcctggcccgaaaggagagcctggtggaattacttttaagg gtgaaagaggtccccctgggaacccaggtttaccaggcctcccagggaatatagggcctatg ggtccccctggtttcggccctccaggcccagtaggtgaaaaaggcatacaaggtgtggcagg aaatccaggccagccaggaataccaggtcctaaaggggatccaggtcagactataacccagc cggggaagcctggcttgcctggtaacccaggcagagatggtgatgtaggtcttccaggtgac cctggacttccagggcaaccaggcttgccagggatacctggtagcaaaggagaaccaggtat ccctggaattgggcttcctggaccacctggtcccaaaggctttcctggaattccaggacctc caggagcacctgggacacctggaagaattggtctagaaggccctcctgggccacccggcttt ccaggaccaaagggtgaaccaggatttgcattacctgggccacctgggccaccaggacttcc aggtttcaaaggagcacttggtccaaaaggtgatcgtggtttcccaggacctccgggtcctc caggacgcactggcttagatgggctccctggaccaaaaggtgatgttggaccaaatggacaa cctggaccaatgggacctcctgggctgccaggaataggtgttcagggaccaccaggaccacc agggattcctgggccaataggtcaacctggtttacatggaataccaggagagaagggggatc caggacctcctggacttgatgttccaggacccccaggtgaaagaggcagtccagggatcccc ggagcacctggtcctataggacctccaggatcaccagggcttccaggaaaagcaggtgcctc tggatttccaggtaccaaaggtgaaatgggtatgatgggacctccaggcccaccaggacctt tgggaattcctggcaggagtggtgtacctggtcttaaaggtgatgatggcttgcagggtcag ccaggacttcctggccctacaggagaaaaaggtagtaaaggagagcctggccttccaggccc tcctggaccaatggatccaaatcttctgggctcaaaaggagagaagggggaacctggcttac caggtatacctggagtttcagggccaaaaggttatcagggtttgcctggagacccagggcaa cctggactgagtggacaacctggattaccaggaccaccaggtcccaaaggtaaccctggtct ccctggacagccaggtcttataggacctcctggacttaaaggaaccatcggtgatatgggtt ttccagggcctcagggtgtggaagggcctcctggaccttctggagttcctggacaacctggc tccccaggattacctggacagaaaggcgacaaaggtgatcctggtatttcaagcattggtct tccaggtcttcctggtccaaagggtgagcctggtctgcctggatacccagggaaccctggta tcaaaggttctgtgggagatcctggtttgcccggattaccaggaacccctggagcaaaagga caaccaggccttcctggattcccaggaaccccaggccctcctggaccaaaaggtattagtgg ccctcctgggaaccccggccttccaggagaacctggtcctgtaggtggtggaggtcatcctg ggcaaccagggcctccaggcgaaaaaggcaaacccggtcaagatggtattcctggaccagct ggacagaagggtgaaccaggtcaaccaggctttggaaacccaggaccccctggacttccagg actttctggccaaaagggtgatggaggattacctgggattccaggaaatcctggccttccag gtccaaagggcgaaccaggctttcacggtttccctggtgtgcagggtcccccaggccctcct ggttctccgggtccagctctggaaggacctaaaggcaaccctgggccccaaggtcctcctgg gagaccaggtctaccaggtccagaaggtcctccaggtctccctggaaatggaggtattaaag gagagaagggaaatccaggccaacctgggctacctggcttgcctggtttgaaaggagatcaa ggaccaccaggactccagggtaatcctggccggccgggtctcaatggaatgaaaggagatcc tggtctccctggtgttccaggattcccaggcatgaaaggacccagtggagtacctggatcag ctggccctgagggggaaccgggacttattggtcctccaggtcctcctggattacctggtcct tcaggacagagtatcataattaaaggagatgctggtcctccaggaatccctggccagcctgg gctaaagggtctaccaggaccccaaggacctcaaggcttaccaggtccaactggccctccag gagatcctggacgcaatggactccctggctttgatggtgcaggagggcgcaaaggagaccca ggtctgccaggacagccaggtacccgtggtttggatggtccccctggtccagatggattgca aggtcccccaggtccccctggaacctcctctgttgcacatggatttcttattacacgccaca gccagacaacggatgcaccacaatgcccacagggaacacttcaggtctatgaaggcttttct ctcctgtatgtacaaggaaataaaagagcccacggtcaagacttggggacggctggcagctg ccttcgtcgctttagtaccatgcctttcatgttctgcaacatcaataatgtttgcaactttg cttcaagaaatgactattcttactggctctctaccccagagcccatgccaatgagcatgcaa cccctaaagggccagagcatccagccattcattagtcgatgtgcagtatgtgaagctccagc tgtggtgatcgcagttcacagtcagacgatccagattccccattgtcctcagggatgggatt ctctgtggattggttattccttcatgatgcatacaagtgcaggggcagaaggctcaggtcaa gccctagcctcccctggttcctgcttggaagagtttcgttcagctcccttcatcgaatgtca tgggaggggtacctgtaactactatgccaactcctacagcttttggctggcaactgtagatg tgtcagacatgttcagtaaacctcagtcagaaacgctgaaagcaggagacttgaggacacga attagccgatgtcaagtgtgcatgaagaggacataa Example COL4A5 nucleotide sequence (SEQ ID NO: 31) The protein-coding sequence encoding COL4A3, COL4A4 or COL4A5, or a fragment and / or variant thereof, may comprise an intron or intronic sequences, which can be used to increase gene expression. The protein-coding sequence encoding COL4A3, COL4A4 or COL4A5, or a fragment and / or variant thereof, may comprise a protein tag, such as a hemagglutinin (HA) tag. HA can be used as an epitope tag and has been shown not to interfere with bioactivity or biodistribution of proteins to which it has been added. The protein tag can facilitate detection, isolation, and purification of the polypeptide. Other suitable protein tags may include Myc tags, polyhistidine tags and flag tags. In some embodiments, a regulatory element comprising or consisting of a nucleotide sequence having 70% or more, 75% or more, 80% or more, 81% or more, 82% or more, 83% or more, 84% or more, 85% or more, 86% or more, 87% or more, 88% or more, 89% or more, 90% or more, 91% or more, 92% or more, 93% or more, 94% or more, 95% or more, 96% or more, 97% or more, 98% or more, 99% or more, or 100% sequence identity to SEQ ID NO: 6 is operably linked to a protein-coding sequence encoding COL4A3, COL4A4 or COL4A5, or a fragment and / or variant thereof. In some embodiments, a regulatory element consisting of the nucleotide sequence of SEQ ID NO: 6 is operably linked to a protein-coding sequence encoding COL4A3, COL4A4 or COL4A5, or a fragment and / or variant thereof. Vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF)C polypeptides The protein-coding sequence may encode a vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF)C polypeptide, or a fragment and / or variant thereof. VEGFC is a lymphangiogenic growth factor, which is known to signal via two receptors, VEGFR-3 (Flt4) and VEGFR-2 (Flk4). VEGFC is produced by cells in a prepropeptide form, which dimerises before being cleaved into a tetramer. The protein-coding sequence may encode any form of VEGFC, such as the prepropeptide form, the tetramer form, the intermediate form, or fully processed mature VEGFC. If desired, protein-coding sequences encoding different forms of VEGFC polypeptides may be used in any combination. Preferably, the protein-coding sequence comprises a polynucleotide encoding one or more polypeptides having VEGFC biological activity, i.e., peptides that can bind to and activate VEGFR-2 and / or VEGRF-3. More preferably, the protein-coding sequence comprises a polynucleotide encoding a polypeptide comprising the VEGFC homology domain and having VEGFC biological activity, i.e., a polypeptide that can bind to and activate VEGFR-2 and / or VEGRF-3. Further details of suitable VEGFC polynucleotides and polypeptides include those described in WO 2015 / 022447 and US 2014 / 0087002. The variant sequence may encode a VEGFC polypeptide that has retained the capability to bind and activate VEGFR-2 and VEGFR-3. In some embodiments, the VEGFC polypeptide comprises or consists of an amino acid sequence which is at least 70% identical to SEQ ID NO: 32 or a fragment thereof. Suitably, the VEGFC polypeptide comprises or consists of an amino acid sequence which is at least 75%, at least 80%, at least 85%, at least 90%, at least 95%, at least 96%, at least 97%, at least 98% or at least 99% identical to SEQ ID NO: 32 or a fragment thereof. In some embodiments, the VEGFC polypeptide comprises or consists of the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 32 or a fragment thereof. MHLLGFFSVACSLLAAALLPGPREAPAAAAAFESGLDLSDAEPDAGEATAYASKDLEEQLRS VSSVDELMTVLYPEYWKMYKCQLRKGGWQHNREQANLNSRTEETIKFAAAHYNTEILKSIDN EWRKTQCMPREVCIDVGKEFGVATNTFFKPPCVSVYRCGGCCNSEGLQCMNTSTSYLSKTLF EITVPLSQGPKPVTISFANHTSCRCMSKLDVYRQVHSIIRRSLPATLPQCQAANKTCPTNYM WNNHICRCLAQEDFMFSSDAGDDSTDGFHDICGPNKELDEETCQCVCRAGLRPASCGPHKEL DRNSCQCVCKNKLFPSQCGANREFDENTCQCVCKRTCPRNQPLNPGKCACECTESPQKCLLK GKKFHHQTCSCYRRPCTNRQKACEPGFSYSEEVCRCVPSYWKRPQMS Example VEGFC amino acid sequence (SEQ ID NO: 32) In some embodiments, the protein-coding sequence encoding a VEGFC polypeptide comprises or consists of a nucleotide sequence which is at least 70% identical to SEQ ID NO: 33 or a fragment thereof. Suitably, the protein-coding sequence encoding a VEGFC polypeptide comprises or consists of a nucleotide sequence which is at least 75%, at least 80%, at least 85%, at least 90%, at least 95%, at least 96%, at least 97%, at least 98% or at least 99% identical to SEQ ID NO: 33 or a fragment thereof. In some embodiments, the protein-coding sequence encoding a VEGFC polypeptide, comprises or consists of the nucleotide sequence of SEQ ID NO: 33 or a fragment thereof. atgcacttgctgggcttcttctctgtggcgtgttctctgctcgccgctgcgctgctcccggg tcctcgcgaggcgcccgccgccgccgccgccttcgagtccggactcgacctctcggacgcgg agcccgacgcgggcgaggccacggcttatgcaagcaaagatctggaggagcagttacggtct gtgtccagtgtagatgaactcatgactgtactctacccagaatattggaaaatgtacaagtg tcagctaaggaaaggaggctggcaacataacagagaacaggccaacctcaactcaaggacag aagagactataaaatttgctgcagcacattataatacagagatcttgaaaagtattgataat gagtggagaaagactcaatgcatgccacgggaggtgtgtatagatgtggggaaggagtttgg agtcgcgacaaacaccttctttaaacctccatgtgtgtccgtctacagatgtgggggttgct gcaatagtgaggggctgcagtgcatgaacaccagcacgagctacctcagcaagacgttattt gaaattacagtgcctctctctcaaggccccaaaccagtaacaatcagttttgccaatcacac ttcctgccgatgcatgtctaaactggatgtttacagacaagttcattccattattagacgtt ccctgccagcaacactaccacagtgtcaggcagcgaacaagacctgccccaccaattacatg tggaataatcacatctgcagatgcctggctcaggaagattttatgttttcctcggatgctgg agatgactcaacagatggattccatgacatctgtggaccaaacaaggagctggatgaagaga cctgtcagtgtgtctgcagagcggggcttcggcctgccagctgtggaccccacaaagaacta gacagaaactcatgccagtgtgtctgtaaaaacaaactcttccccagccaatgtggggccaa ccgagaatttgatgaaaacacatgccagtgtgtatgtaaaagaacctgccccagaaatcaac ccctaaatcctggaaaatgtgcctgtgaatgtacagaaagtccacagaaatgcttgttaaaa ggaaagaagttccaccaccaaacatgcagctgttacagacggccatgtacgaaccgccagaa ggcttgtgagccaggattttcatatagtgaagaagtgtgtcgttgtgtcccttcatattgga aaagaccacaaatgagc Example VEGFC nucleotide sequence (SEQ ID NO: 33) In some embodiments, a regulatory element comprising or consisting of a nucleotide sequence having 70% or more, 75% or more, 80% or more, 81% or more, 82% or more, 83% or more, 84% or more, 85% or more, 86% or more, 87% or more, 88% or more, 89% or more, 90% or more, 91% or more, 92% or more, 93% or more, 94% or more, 95% or more, 96% or more, 97% or more, 98% or more, 99% or more, or 100% sequence identity to SEQ ID NO: 6 is operably linked to a protein-coding sequence encoding a VEGFC polypeptide, or a fragment and / or variant thereof. In some embodiments, a regulatory element consisting of the nucleotide sequence of SEQ ID NO: 6 is operably linked to a protein-coding sequence encoding a VEGFC polypeptide, or a fragment and / or variant thereof. Promoters The spliceosomal intron or regulatory element may be operably linked to a promoter. The spliceosomal intron or regulatory element may be downstream of the promoter. A “promoter” is a region of DNA that leads to initiation of transcription of a gene. Promoters are located near the transcription start sites of genes, upstream on the DNA (towards the 5' region of the sense strand). Any suitable promoter may be used, the selection of which may be readily made by the skilled person. Suitably, the promoter is operable in mammalian cells, e.g. human cells. The promoter may be capable of driving expression of a protein-coding sequence in mammalian cells, e.g. human cells. The promoter may be a mammalian promoter, e.g. a human promoter. The promoter may be operable in kidney cells. The promoter of the invention may be capable of driving expression of a protein-coding sequence in the kidney. Examples of kidney cells include, but are not limited to glomerular cells. The promoter may be operable in glomerular cells. The promoter of the invention may be capable of driving expression of a protein-coding sequence in the glomerulus. The promoter may be operable in a podocyte cell. The promoter of the invention may be capable of driving expression of a protein-coding sequence in podocytes. The promoter may be a constitutive promoter, an inducible promoter, or a repressible promoter. The promoter may be a ubiquitous promoter or a tissue-specific promoter. In some embodiments, the promoter is a constitutive promoter. As used herein, a “constitutive promoter” is a promoter which is always active. Suitable constitutive promoters will be known to the skilled person. Example constitutive promoters include the CMV promoter, the EF1a promoter, the CAG promoter, the PGK promoter, the U6 promoter, the T7 promoter, the SV40 promoter, and the Sp6 promoter. In some embodiments, the promoter is an inducible promoter. An “inducible promoter” may refer to a promoter which is activated in response to specific stimuli (e.g. in response to chemicals, temperature, or light). Suitable inducible promoters will be known to the skilled person. In some embodiments, the promoter is a repressible promoter. A “repressible promoter” may refer to a promoter which is de-activated in response to specific stimuli. Suitable repressible promoters will be known to the skilled person. In some embodiments, the promoter is a ubiquitous promoter. As used herein, a “ubiquitous promoter” is a promoter which is active in a wide range of cells and tissues. Suitable ubiquitous promoters will be known to the skilled person. Example ubiquitous promoters may include a CMV promoter, a CBA promoter, a CAG promoter, a CB7 promoter, a EF1α promoter, a CMV / EF1α hybrid promoter, a NF-kB promoter, a pSE-7 promoter, a mPGK promoter, a mU1a promoter, a U6 promoter, a U7 promoter, and a MNDU3 promoter. In other embodiments, the promoter is a cell-specific or tissue-specific promoter. As used herein, a “cell-specific promoter” or “tissue-specific promoter” is a promoter which preferentially facilitates expression of a protein-coding sequence in a specific type of cells or tissue (see e.g. Zheng, C. and Baum, B.J., 2008. Gene Therapy Protocols: Design and Characterization of Gene Transfer Vectors, pp.205-219). Suitably, a cell-specific or tissue- specific promoter may facilitate higher expression of a protein-coding sequence in one cell- type or tissue as compared to other cell-types or tissues. For example, a cell-specific or tissue-specific promoter may be a promoter which facilitates expression of a protein-coding sequence at least 10% higher, at least 20% higher, at least 30% higher, at least 40% higher, at least 50% higher, at least 100% higher, at least 200% higher, at least 300% higher, at least 400% higher, at least 500% higher, or at least 1000% higher in one cell-type or tissue as compared to expression in other cell-types or tissues. Suitable tissue-specific promoters will be known to the skilled person (see e.g. Toscano, M.G., et al., 2011. Gene therapy, 18(2), pp.117-127; and Powell, S.K., et al., 2015. Discovery medicine, 19(102), p.49) and can be generated using methods known in the art (see and Shen, S.Q., et al., 2016. Genome research, 26(2), pp.238-255). In some embodiments, the promoter is a kidney-specific promoter, a neuron-specific promoter, an astrocyte-specific promoter, an oligodendrocyte-specific promoter, a retina-specific promoter, a lung-specific promoter, a liver-specific promoter, a pancreas-specific promoter, a cardiac-specific promoter, or a skeletal muscle-specific promoter. Kidney-specific promoters include a NPHS1 promoter and a NPHS2 promoter and are described in more detail in the section below. Neuro-specific promoters include the Proximal region of the Synapsin I (a SYN1 promoter) and a Rat Neuron-Specific Enolase (NSE) promoter. Retina-specific promoters include a Human Rhodopsin Kinase (RK) promoter, a hRHO promoter, a Human Rhodopsin Kinase (GRK1) promoter, a Human Cone Arrestin (hCAR) promoter, a Human retinal pigmented epithelium (hRPE65p) promoter, a Truncated Mecp2- promoter (a P546 promoter), a 1.7-Kb L-Opsin Promoter (a PR1.7 promoter), a hRS1 promoter, and a vitelliform macular dystrophy-2 (VMD2) promoter. Liver-specific promoters include a Hybrid Human Liver (HLP) promoter, an Α-1 Antitrypsin (AAT) promoter, an albumin (ALB) promoter, a ApoE / AAT promoter, a EalbAAT promoter, LP1 promoter, a Thyroxine-Binding Globulin (TBG) promoter, and a Transthyretin (TTR) Promoter. Cardiac-specific promoters include an α-myosin heavy chain (α-MHC) promoter. Muscle-specific promoters include a tMCK promoter, Mouse Creatine Kinase promoter / enhancer element (a CK8 promoter), a Murine Muscle Creatine Kinase (CK) and α-myosin heavy-chain genes (MHCK7) promoter, a Survival Motor Neuron (SMN) promoter, and a Human Desmin enhancer / promoter (DES) promoter. In preferred embodiments, the promoter is a kidney-specific promoter. Suitable kidney- specific promoters will be known to the skilled person. In other preferred embodiments, the promoter is a glomerular-specific promoter. Suitable glomerular-specific promoters will be known to the skilled person. In other preferred embodiments, the promoter is a podocyte-specific promoter. Suitable podocyte-specific promoters will be known to the skilled person. Suitably, the promoter may be or may be derived from a promoter associated with a gene with selective expression in human podocytes. Genes selectively expressed in podocytes will be known to those of skill in the art and selective gene expression in podocytes can be readily determined by methods know to those of skill in the art, for instance with microarrays. Genes selectively expressed in podocytes include NPHS1, NPHS2, WT1, FOXC2, ABCA9, ACPP, ACTN4, ADM, ANGPTL2, ANXA1, ASB15, ATP8B1, B3GALT2, BB014433, BMP7, C1QTNF1, CAR13, CD2AP, CD55, CD59A, CD59B, CDC14A, CDH3, CDKN1B, CDKN1C, CEP85L, CLIC3, CLIC5, COL4A1, COL4A2, COL4A3, COL4A4, COL4A5, COLEC12, CRIM1, CST12, DEGS1, DOCK4, DOCK5, EGF, ENPEP, EPHX1, FAM81A, FAT1, FGFBP1, FOXD1, FRYL, GABRB1, GALC, GM10554, H2-D1, H2-Q7, H2BC4, H3C15, HS3ST3A1, HTRA1, IFNGR1, IL18, ILDR2, ITGB5, ITGB8, KIRREL, LAMA1, LAMA5, LAMB1, LAMB2, LMX1B, MAFB, MAGI2, MELA, MERTK, MGAT4A, MYO1D, MYO1E, MYOM2, MYZAP, NEBL, NES, NOD1, NPR3, NR2F2, NUPR1, OPTN, P3H2, PAK1, PARD3B, PDPN, PLAT, PLCE1, PLSCR2, PODXL, PROS1, PTPRO, RAB3B, RDH1, RDH9, SDC4, SEMA3E, SERPINB6B, SH3BGRL2, SLC41A2, SLCO2A1, ST3GAL6, SYNPO, TDRD5, THSD7A, TIMP3, TJP1, TLR7, TM4SF1, TMEM108, TMEM54, TMTC1, TOP1MT, TRAV10, TRAV10N, TRAV5-4, TSHB, UACA, UBA1Y, UPRT, VEGFA, VTCN1, ZBTB20, and 5730407I07RIK. Methods to identify the promoter regions associated with genes will be well known to those of skill in the art. The promoter is usually located just proximal to or overlapping the transcription initiation site and contains several sequence motifs with which transcription factors (TFs) interact in a sequence-specific manner. Suitably, the promoter is selected from a NPHS1 promoter, a NPHS2 promoter, a WT1 promoter, a FOXC2 promoter, a ABCA9 promoter, a ACPP promoter, a ACTN4 promoter, a ADM promoter, a ANGPTL2 promoter, a ANXA1 promoter, a ASB15 promoter, a ATP8B1 promoter, a B3GALT2 promoter, a BB014433 promoter, a BMP7 promoter, a C1QTNF1 promoter, a CAR13 promoter, a CD2AP promoter, a CD55 promoter, a CD59A promoter, a CD59B promoter, a CDC14A promoter, a CDH3 promoter, a CDKN1B promoter, a CDKN1C promoter, a CEP85L promoter, a CLIC3 promoter, a CLIC5 promoter, a COL4A1 promoter, a COL4A2 promoter, a COL4A3 promoter, a COL4A4 promoter, a COL4A5 promoter, a COLEC12 promoter, a CRIM1 promoter, a CST12 promoter, a DEGS1 promoter, a DOCK4 promoter, a DOCK5 promoter, a EGF promoter, a ENPEP promoter, a EPHX1 promoter, a FAM81A promoter, a FAT1 promoter, a FGFBP1 promoter, a FOXD1 promoter, a FRYL promoter, a GABRB1 promoter, a GALC promoter, a GM10554 promoter, a H2-D1 promoter, a H2-Q7 promoter, a H2BC4 promoter, a H3C15 promoter, a HS3ST3A1 promoter, a HTRA1 promoter, a IFNGR1 promoter, a IL18 promoter, a ILDR2 promoter, a ITGB5 promoter, a ITGB8 promoter, a KIRREL promoter, a LAMA1 promoter, a LAMA5 promoter, a LAMB1 promoter, a LAMB2 promoter, a LMX1B promoter, a MAFB promoter, a MAGI2 promoter, a MELA promoter, a MERTK promoter, a MGAT4A promoter, a MYO1D promoter, a MYO1E promoter, a MYOM2 promoter, a MYZAP promoter, a NEBL promoter, a NES promoter, a NOD1 promoter, a NPR3 promoter, a NR2F2 promoter, a NUPR1 promoter, a OPTN promoter, a P3H2 promoter, a PAK1 promoter, a PARD3B promoter, a PDPN promoter, a PLAT promoter, a PLCE1 promoter, a PLSCR2 promoter, a PODXL promoter, a PROS1 promoter, a PTPRO promoter, a RAB3B promoter, a RDH1 promoter, a RDH9 promoter, a SDC4 promoter, a SEMA3E promoter, a SERPINB6B promoter, a SH3BGRL2 promoter, a SLC41A2 promoter, a SLCO2A1 promoter, a ST3GAL6 promoter, a SYNPO promoter, a TDRD5 promoter, a THSD7A promoter, a TIMP3 promoter, a TJP1 promoter, a TLR7 promoter, a TM4SF1 promoter, a TMEM108 promoter, a TMEM54 promoter, a TMTC1 promoter, a TOP1MT promoter, a TRAV10 promoter, a TRAV10N promoter, a TRAV5-4 promoter, a TSHB promoter, a UACA promoter, a UBA1Y promoter, a UPRT promoter, a VEGFA promoter, a VTCN1 promoter, a ZBTB20 promoter, and a 5730407I07RIK promoter, or a variant thereof. Suitably, the promoter is selected from a NPHS1 promoter, a NPHS2 promoter, a WT1 promoter, a FOXC2 promoter, a ACTN4 promoter, a BMP7 promoter, a CD2AP promoter, a CDH3 promoter, a CDKN1B promoter, a CDKN1C promoter, a COL4A1 promoter, a COL4A2 promoter, a COL4A3 promoter, a COL4A4 promoter, a COL4A5 promoter, a CRIM1 promoter, a FAT1 promoter, a FOXD1 promoter, a KIRREL promoter, a LAMA1 promoter, a LAMA5 promoter, a LAMB1 promoter, a LAMB2 promoter, a LMX1B promoter, a MAFB promoter, a NES promoter, a NR2F2 promoter, a PODXL promoter, a PTPRO promoter, a SYNPO promoter, a TJP1 promoter, and a VEGFA promoter, or a variant thereof. Suitably, the promoter is a NPHS1 promoter, a NPHS2 promoter, a WT1 promoter, or a FOXC2 promoter, or a variant thereof. Preferably, the promoter is a NPHS1 or a NPHS2 promoter, or a variant thereof. More preferably, the promoter is a NPHS1 promoter, or a variant thereof. The promoter may be a minimal promoter. As used, herein, a “minimal promoter” means the minimal sequence that can act as a promoter. In some embodiments, the promoter is a minimal kidney-specific promoter. As used, herein, a “minimal kidney-specific promoter” means the minimal sequence that can act as a kidney-specific promoter. In some embodiments, the promoter is a minimal glomerular-specific promoter. In some embodiments, the promoter is a minimal podocyte-specific promoter. Preferably, the promoter is a minimal NPHS1 or a minimal NPHS2 promoter, or a variant thereof. More preferably, the promoter is a minimal NPHS1 promoter, or a variant thereof. Preferably, the promoter is a human promoter, e.g. a minimal human NPHS1 promoter or a minimal human NPHS2 promoter. NPHS1 promoter In some embodiments, the promoter is a NPHS1 promoter, or a variant thereof. The NPHS1 gene encodes nephrin, which is selectively expressed in podocytes. A human NPHS1 promoter has been described in Moeller et al.2002 J Am Soc Nephrol, 13(6):1561–7 and Wong MA et al. 2000 Am J Physiol Renal Physiol, 279(6):F1027-32. This NPHS1 promoter is a 1.2kb fragment and appears to be podocyte-specific. The 1.2kb promoter region lacks a TATA box, but has recognition motifs for other transcription factors e.g. PAX-2 binding element, E-box and GATA consensus sequences. Suitably, the NPHS1 promoter may comprise or consist of the nucleotide sequence shown as SEQ ID NO: 34, or a variant which is at least 70% identical to SEQ ID NO: 34. Suitably, the variant may be at least 75%, at least 80%, at least 85%, at least 90%, at least 91%, at least 92%, at least 93%, at least 94%, at least 95%, at least 96%, at least 97%, at least 98% or at least 99% identical to SEQ ID NO: 34. cacctgaggtcaggagttcgagaccagcgtggccaacatgatgaaaccccgtctctagtaaa aatacaaaaattagccaggcatggtgctatatacctgtagcaccagctacttgggagacaga ggtgggagaattacttgaacctgggaggttcaagccatgggaggtggaagttgcagtgagcc gagatgccactgcactccagcctgagcaacagagcaagactatctcaagaaaagaaagaaag aaagaaagagacttgccaaggtcatgtatcagggcaaggaagagctgggggcccagctggct gctcccctgctgagctgggagaccaccttgatctgacttctcccatcttcccagcctaagcc aggccctggggtcacggaggctggggaggcaccgaggaacgcgcctggcatgtgctgacagg ggattttatgctccagctgggccagctgggaggagcctgctgggcagaggccagagctgggg gctctggaaggtacctgggggaggttgcactgtgagaatgagctcaagctgggtcagagagc agggctgactctgccagtgcctgcatcagcctcatcgctctcctaggctcctggcctgctgg actctgggctgcaggtccttcttgaaaggctgtgagtagtgagacaaggagcaggagtgagg ggtggcaggagagaagatagagattgagagagagagagagagagagacagagagagaggaag agacagagacaaaaggagagagaacggcttagacaaggagagaaagatggaaagataaagag actgggcgcagtggctcacgcctgtaatcccaacacttggggaggccaaggtgggaggatgg cttgaaggaaagagtctgagatcaacctggccaacatagtgagaccccgtctctaaaaaaaa aagaaaaaaaaaagaaaaaagaaaaaaaagtttttttaaagagacagagaaagagactcaga gattgagactgagagcaagacagagagagatactcacagggaagaggggaagaggaaaacga gaaagggaggagagtaacggaaagagataaaaaagaaaagcaggtggcagagacacacagag agggacccagagaaagccagacagacgcaggtggctggcagcgggcgctgtgggggtcacag tagggggacctgtg Example NPHS1 promoter (SEQ ID NO: 34) The NPHS1 promoter may be a minimal NPHS1 promoter. Suitably, the NPHS1 promoter has a length of about 1.1 kb or less, about 1.0 kb or less, about 0.9 kb or less, about 0.8 kb or less, about 0.7 kb or less, about 0.6 kb or less, about 0.5 kb or less, about 0.4 kb or less, or about 0.3 kb or less. Suitably, the NPHS1 promoter has a length of about 265 bp or more. In some embodiments, the NPHS1 promoter has a length of about 265-1100 bp, 265-1000 bp, 265-900 bp, 265-800 bp, 265-700 bp, 265-600 bp, 265-500 bp, 265-400 bp, or 265-300 bp. In some embodiments, the NPHS1 promoter may comprise or consist of the nucleotide sequence shown as SEQ ID NO: 35, or a variant which is at least 70% identical to SEQ ID NO: 35. ggccctggggtcacggaggctggggaggcaccgaggaacgcgcctggcatgtgctgacaggg gattttatgctccaggagcaagacagagagagatactcacagggaagaggggaagaggaaaa cgagaaagggaggagagtaacggaaagagataaaaaagaaaagcaggtggcagagacacaca gagagggacccagagaaagccagacagacgcaggtggctggcagcgggcgctgtgggggtca cagtagggggacctgtg Example minimal NPHS1 promoter (SEQ ID NO: 35) Suitably, the variant may be at least 75%, at least 80%, at least 85%, at least 90%, at least 91%, at least 92%, at least 93%, at least 94%, at least 95%, at least 96%, at least 97%, at least 98% or at least 99% identical to SEQ ID NO: 35. The NPHS1 promoter may comprise or consist of a variant of SEQ ID NO: 35 shown as SEQ ID NO: 36 or SEQ ID NO: 37. ggccctggggtcacggaggctggggaggcaccgaggaacgcgcctggcatgtgctgacaggg aattttatgctccaggagcaagacagagagagacactcacagggaagaggggaagaggaaaa cgagaaagggaggagagtaacggaaagagataaaaaagaaaagcaggtggcagagacacaga gagagggacccagagaaagccagacagacgcaggtggctggcagcgggcgctgtgggggtca cagtagggggacctgtc Example minimal NPHS1 promoter variant (SEQ ID NO: 36) ggccctggggtcacggaggctggggaggcaccgaggaacgcgcctggcatgtgctgacaggg gattttatgctccaggagcaagacagagagagatactcacagggaagaggggaagaggaaaa cgagaaagggaggagagtaacggaaagagataaaaaagaaaagcaggtggcagagacacaga gagagggacccagagaaagccagacagacgcaggtggctggcagcgggcgctgtgggggtca cagtagggggacctgtc Example minimal NPHS1 promoter variant (SEQ ID NO: 37) In some embodiments, the NPHS1 promoter may comprise or consist of the nucleotide sequence shown as SEQ ID NO: 36 or 37, or a variant which is at least 70% identical to SEQ ID NO: 36 or 37. Suitably, the variant may be at least 75%, at least 80%, at least 85%, at least 90%, at least 91%, at least 92%, at least 93%, at least 94%, at least 95%, at least 96%, at least 97%, at least 98% or at least 99% identical to SEQ ID NO: 36 or 37. In some embodiments, a regulatory element comprising or consisting of a nucleotide sequence having 70% or more, 75% or more, 80% or more, 81% or more, 82% or more, 83% or more, 84% or more, 85% or more, 86% or more, 87% or more, 88% or more, 89% or more, 90% or more, 91% or more, 92% or more, 93% or more, 94% or more, 95% or more, 96% or more, 97% or more, 98% or more, 99% or more, or 100% sequence identity to SEQ ID NO: 6 is operably linked to a NPHS1 promoter. In some embodiments, a regulatory element consisting of the nucleotide sequence of SEQ ID NO: 6 is operably linked to a NPHS1 promoter. NPHS2 promoter In some embodiments, the promoter is a NPHS2 promoter, or a variant thereof. The NPHS2 gene encodes podocin, which is selectively expressed in podocytes. A human NPHS2 promoter has been described in Oleggini R, et al., 2006. Gene Expr.13(1):59–66. Suitably, the NPHS2 promoter may comprise or consist of the nucleotide sequence shown as SEQ ID NO: 38, or a variant which is at least 70% identical to SEQ ID NO: 38. Suitably, the variant may be at least 75%, at least 80%, at least 85%, at least 90%, at least 91%, at least 92%, at least 93%, at least 94%, at least 95%, at least 96%, at least 97%, at least 98% or at least 99% identical to SEQ ID NO: 38. gccctcctatttagtctctctgccacctacaaattgagaaagtcaaatttagtaagtcctta tagtttccagctctaaaacaacaggatttgtaacatcatgtagtgccaatcaattccagcct ttccattaaataatccaaatgaatcagtattcatgcattcacttattcatatggatataata cttcaaaacactaactgggaataagtgtaatactttagaaagccttgcactctttcataatc tttcaccttggaaacataaaagtaaacagctttaattgatcctccctttcttctagtaaccc agttcccacagatgtcagtttcttaacaaatccaaacaaggagtaaagtattgagagtttca gaatgtgtgcatatcatattttcagcaaagggatgagcaacactttcaattaaaaaggaatc taaaagaaaacagcagcatccttgtaaaagtagatgaggacagccagctggacttagctgct aactcagcactcccttccccaactcctccaccttccagccatgctgcattgacctttttatc atggaatggtatgcagcttctctgattttgtcattgtcactcataatcccagcagacttgtg ttataagcagctgcttatattgctgttatgtatagatatagaaatgtaacttgtcagtggtc aaagaagccaaggaaactgagcaaaggtgactgagaacaagtgctcagcatgggctccaaca cccagtagggccttttctcattgatttttctcctacaaggaatttctctcttattgaaagac agtacagtttggggaatatcatttgaccagatatcctgctccattcttggaatgaaaaacag gtgcaattttagtataagagtctagctagggatgcggatgaaattaatttataacaggacca ggctgaggaaaaacaccaataaatgctacaaatagtttgtcactttttctaacagggaaatc tctaaaggatgataaagatgctagctgtgtttaatagcaaatgttaatttgggggaatatga aataatcatgatatctttctctctttgagccaaacgcagctttggaatttttctcactgtag tgttgtaggcagaaactatcaactgaggcaggcccttgcgaggaaatatttatcctccttag cccatgcaatgatcaggtttagacagtaaaaaatctatttaagtgactggattgctcatctt ttatttactttactcccagtggcctaacctggaacatatagaagaaagtagtggaatggttt ttccagacgcacttcagttacttcaggtcctcagtgtttaataaggttttgggagagaaaaa aagctattgctgtgtgaattcaataaatatttaaaaaatttaaaaaatcagtgagcattatt tctgccatcatgtgatctgaactatctgagtagtatcataaatcttgggtgatgggttacct tgaccaacctccctttcagtaagaaacaaattattaacagaaagtgaaagagaaataaacct attcaatgtttcaagtccctcagaagagggtgaggcagctccccagttcgttgctagatcca gcctggccaatgaaccctgaaaaagcccaactcctgctttcatcatggaagcacgggacaaa gtgtctcttcctaaaaacagaagttagaccagaccccttcctgcctatgattcttcaagaag cattgcatcatcaacatcaggcataagcattaataaagaccctaaataataacagagacgaa acacatcgcaaagagagttttcttttatcccctttaaaatgtaaatactcccaggaggaatc agccaacatcattaggggttaatgcatatgtagaataactagggccaggatataaaataaga aatacgtagggaggagagaaaggcatccttgagacgactccaagaaggaaagttggggatga ggcgaaatttctgattttaccttaaagtgaccctaattcgatgaccttttgtggtttttttc ttttttcttttttacttggccctgcccaagcaggacctaaaaacaaacagacaaaaaaggtt actaacaactgttcctctccacgaaaatctgcagtaaaaggtaaaagatgtattcgttttga agagaaaccagagcttgcgatgagcttctgtatctccgtcagccctctagcatgacattagg aaccctccaggagatgagtcttcacagcccgggttggcacctgcagacacgcacttttcaac gcccgcaccctgcccggggccggctctcccacccaggcctctctctgcttcagcgccgcccc ggccgtgggagtcggcgggcgcagtccacagctccaccaagacacagctgtcggggttccgg gtgcgccccgcccgcggccccggtgtcccgcccctcgccctcagcccccacccgatggtctt tagggtcccccgggcacgccacgcggacccgcagcgactccacagggactgcgctcccgtgc ccctagcgctcccgcgctgctgctccagccgcccggcagctctgacc Example NPHS2 promoter (SEQ ID NO: 38) The NPHS2 promoter may be a minimal NPHS2 promoter. Suitably, the NPHS2 promoter has a length of about 2.0 kb or less, about 1.8 kb or less, about 1.6 kb or less, about 1.4 kb or less, about 1.2 kb or less, about 1.0 kb or less, about 0.9 kb or less, about 0.8 kb or less, or about 0.7 kb or less. Suitably, the NPHS2 promoter has a length of about 628 bp or more. In some embodiments, the NPHS2 promoter has a length of about 628-2000 bp, 628-1800 bp, 628-1600 bp, 628-1400 bp, 628-1200 bp, 628-1000 bp, 628-900 bp, 628-800 bp, or 628- 700 bp. In some embodiments, the NPHS2 promoter may comprise or consist of the nucleotide sequence shown as SEQ ID NO: 39, or a variant which is at least 70% identical to SEQ ID NO: 39. ccaagaaggaaagttggggatgaggcgaaatttctgattttaccttaaagtgaccctaattc gatgaccttttgtggtttttttcttttttcttttttacttggccctgcccaagcaggaccta aaaacaaacagacaaaaaaggttactaacaactgttcctctccacgaaaatctgcagtaaaa ggtaaaagatgtattcgttttgaagagaaaccagagcttgcgatgagcttctgtatctccgt cagccctctagcatgacattaggaaccctccaggagatgagtcttcacagcccgggttggca cctgcagacacgcacttttcaacgcccgcaccctgcccggggccggctctcccacccaggcc tctctctgcttcagcgccgccccggccgtgggagtcggcgggcgcagtccacagctccacca agacacagctgtcggggttccgggtgcgccccgcccgcggccccggtgtcccgcccctcgcc ctcagcccccacccgatggtctttagggtcccccgggcacgccacgcggacccgcagcgact ccacagggactgcgctcccgtgcccctagcgctcccgcgctgctgctccagccgcccggcag ctctgacc Example minimal NPHS2 promoter - 628 bp (SEQ ID NO: 39) Suitably, the variant may be at least 75%, at least 80%, at least 85%, at least 90%, at least 91%, at least 92%, at least 93%, at least 94%, at least 95%, at least 96%, at least 97%, at least 98% or at least 99% identical to SEQ ID NO: 39. In some embodiments, a regulatory element comprising or consisting of a nucleotide sequence having 70% or more, 75% or more, 80% or more, 81% or more, 82% or more, 83% or more, 84% or more, 85% or more, 86% or more, 87% or more, 88% or more, 89% or more, 90% or more, 91% or more, 92% or more, 93% or more, 94% or more, 95% or more, 96% or more, 97% or more, 98% or more, 99% or more, or 100% sequence identity to SEQ ID NO: 6 is operably linked to a NPHS2 promoter. In some embodiments, a regulatory element consisting of the nucleotide sequence of SEQ ID NO: 6 is operably linked to a NPHS2 promoter. Example NPHS1 promoter-regulatory element In some embodiments, a polynucleotide of the present invention comprises a NPHS1 promoter and a regulatory element of the present invention. In some embodiments, the polynucleotide comprises or consists of from 5’ to 3’: a NPHS1 promoter; optionally, a spacer sequence; and a regulatory element of the present invention. In some embodiments, the polynucleotide comprises a NPHS1 promoter comprising or consisting of a nucleotide sequence having 70% or more, 75% or more, 80% or more, 85% or more, 90% or more, 91% or more, 92% or more, 93% or more, 94% or more, 95% or more, 96% or more, 97% or more, 98% or more, 99% or more, or 100% sequence identity to SEQ ID NO: 34 and a regulatory element comprising or consisting of a nucleotide sequence having 70% or more, 75% or more, 80% or more, 85% or more, 90% or more, 91% or more, 92% or more, 93% or more, 94% or more, 95% or more, 96% or more, 97% or more, 98% or more, 99% or more, or 100% sequence identity to SEQ ID NO: 6. In some embodiments, the polynucleotide comprises a NPHS1 promoter comprising or consisting of a nucleotide sequence having 70% or more sequence identity to SEQ ID NO: 34 and a regulatory element comprising or consisting of a nucleotide sequence having 70% or more sequence identity to SEQ ID NO: 6. In some embodiments, the polynucleotide comprises a NPHS1 promoter comprising or consisting of a nucleotide sequence having 75% or more sequence identity to SEQ ID NO: 34 and a regulatory element comprising or consisting of a nucleotide sequence having 75% or more sequence identity to SEQ ID NO: 6. In some embodiments, the polynucleotide comprises a NPHS1 promoter comprising or consisting of a nucleotide sequence having 80% or more sequence identity to SEQ ID NO: 34 and a regulatory element comprising or consisting of a nucleotide sequence having 80% or more sequence identity to SEQ ID NO: 6. In some embodiments, the polynucleotide comprises a NPHS1 promoter comprising or consisting of a nucleotide sequence having 85% or more sequence identity to SEQ ID NO: 34 and a regulatory element comprising or consisting of a nucleotide sequence having 85% or more sequence identity to SEQ ID NO: 6. In some embodiments, the polynucleotide comprises a NPHS1 promoter comprising or consisting of a nucleotide sequence having 90% or more sequence identity to SEQ ID NO: 34 and a regulatory element comprising or consisting of a nucleotide sequence having 90% or more sequence identity to SEQ ID NO: 6. In some embodiments, the polynucleotide comprises a NPHS1 promoter comprising or consisting of a nucleotide sequence having 95% or more sequence identity to SEQ ID NO: 34 and a regulatory element comprising or consisting of a nucleotide sequence having 95% or more sequence identity to SEQ ID NO: 6. In some embodiments, the polynucleotide comprises a NPHS1 promoter comprising or consisting of a nucleotide sequence having 96% or more sequence identity to SEQ ID NO: 34 and a regulatory element comprising or consisting of a nucleotide sequence having 96% or more sequence identity to SEQ ID NO: 6. In some embodiments, the polynucleotide comprises a NPHS1 promoter comprising or consisting of a nucleotide sequence having 97% or more sequence identity to SEQ ID NO: 34 and a regulatory element comprising or consisting of a nucleotide sequence having 97% or more sequence identity to SEQ ID NO: 6. In some embodiments, the polynucleotide comprises a NPHS1 promoter comprising or consisting of a nucleotide sequence having 98% or more sequence identity to SEQ ID NO: 34 and a regulatory element comprising or consisting of a nucleotide sequence having 98% or more sequence identity to SEQ ID NO: 6. In some embodiments, the polynucleotide comprises a NPHS1 promoter comprising or consisting of a nucleotide sequence having 99% or more sequence identity to SEQ ID NO: 34 and a regulatory element comprising or consisting of a nucleotide sequence having 99% or more sequence identity to SEQ ID NO: 6. In some embodiments, the polynucleotide comprises a NPHS1 promoter comprising or consisting of the nucleotide sequence of SEQ ID NO: 34 and a regulatory element comprising or consisting of the nucleotide sequence of SEQ ID NO: 6. In some embodiments, the polynucleotide comprises a NPHS1 promoter consisting of the nucleotide sequence of SEQ ID NO: 34 and a regulatory element consisting of the nucleotide sequence of SEQ ID NO: 6. In some embodiments, the polynucleotide comprises or consists of a nucleotide sequence which is at least 70% identical to SEQ ID NO: 40. Suitably, the polynucleotide comprises or consists of a nucleotide sequence which is at least 75%, at least 80%, at least 85%, at least 90%, at least 91%, at least 92%, at least 93%, at least 94%, at least 95%, at least 96%, at least 97%, at least 98%, at least 99%, or 100% identical to SEQ ID NO: 40. In some embodiments, the polynucleotide comprises or consists of the nucleotide sequence SEQ ID NO: 40. cacctgaggtcaggagttcgagaccagcgtggccaacatgatgaaaccccgtctctagtaaa aatacaaaaattagccaggcatggtgctatatacctgtagcaccagctacttgggagacaga ggtgggagaattacttgaacctgggaggttcaagccatgggaggtggaagttgcagtgagcc gagatgccactgcactccagcctgagcaacagagcaagactatctcaagaaaagaaagaaag aaagaaagagacttgccaaggtcatgtatcagggcaaggaagagctgggggcccagctggct gctcccctgctgagctgggagaccaccttgatctgacttctcccatcttcccagcctaagcc aggccctggggtcacggaggctggggaggcaccgaggaacgcgcctggcatgtgctgacagg ggattttatgctccagctgggccagctgggaggagcctgctgggcagaggccagagctgggg gctctggaaggtacctgggggaggttgcactgtgagaatgagctcaagctgggtcagagagc agggctgactctgccagtgcctgcatcagcctcatcgctctcctaggctcctggcctgctgg actctgggctgcaggtccttcttgaaaggctgtgagtagtgagacaaggagcaggagtgagg ggtggcaggagagaagatagagattgagagagagagagagagagagacagagagagaggaag agacagagacaaaaggagagagaacggcttagacaaggagagaaagatggaaagataaagag actgggcgcagtggctcacgcctgtaatcccaacacttggggaggccaaggtgggaggatgg cttgaaggaaagagtctgagatcaacctggccaacatagtgagaccccgtctctaaaaaaaa aaaaaagaaaaaaaaaagaaaaaagaaaaaaaagtttttttaaagagacagagaaagagact cagagattgagactgagagcaagacagagagagatactcacagggaagaggggaagaggaaa acgagaaagggaggagagtaacggaaagagataaaaaagaaaagcaggtggcagagacacac agagagggacccagagaaagccagacagacgcaggtggctggcagcgggcgctgtgggggtc acagtagggggacctgtg(n)agttctctcgttaacttaatgagacagatagaaactggtct tgtagaaacagagtagtcgcctgcttttctgccaggtgctgacttctctcccctgggctttt ttctttttctcagg wherein x is from 0 to 100 Example NPHS1 promoter-regulatory element (SEQ ID NO: 40) In some embodiments, x is from 1 to 100, from 2 to 100, from 3 to 100, from 4 to 100, from 5 to 100, from 6 to 100, from 7 to 100, from 8 to 100, from 9 to 100, or from 10 to 100. In some embodiments, x is from 1 to 50, from 2 to 50, from 3 to 50, from 4 to 50, from 5 to 50, from 6 to 50, from 7 to 50, from 8 to 50, from 9 to 50, or from 10 to 50. In some embodiments, (n)xis selected from any of SEQ ID NOs: 49-68. In some embodiments, (n)xis selected from any of SEQ ID NOs: 59-68. In some embodiments, (n)xis selected from any of SEQ ID NOs: 64-68. In some embodiments, the polynucleotide comprises or consists of a nucleotide sequence which is at least 70% identical to SEQ ID NO: 93. Suitably, the polynucleotide comprises or consists of a nucleotide sequence which is at least 75%, at least 80%, at least 85%, at least 90%, at least 91%, at least 92%, at least 93%, at least 94%, at least 95%, at least 96%, at least 97%, at least 98%, at least 99%, or 100% identical to SEQ ID NO: 93. In some embodiments, the polynucleotide comprises or consists of the nucleotide sequence SEQ ID NO: 93. cacctgaggtcaggagttcgagaccagcgtggccaacatgatgaaaccccgtctctagtaaa aatacaaaaattagccaggcatggtgctatatacctgtagcaccagctacttgggagacaga ggtgggagaattacttgaacctgggaggttcaagccatgggaggtggaagttgcagtgagcc gagatgccactgcactccagcctgagcaacagagcaagactatctcaagaaaagaaagaaag aaagaaagagacttgccaaggtcatgtatcagggcaaggaagagctgggggcccagctggct gctcccctgctgagctgggagaccaccttgatctgacttctcccatcttcccagcctaagcc aggccctggggtcacggaggctggggaggcaccgaggaacgcgcctggcatgtgctgacagg ggattttatgctccagctgggccagctgggaggagcctgctgggcagaggccagagctgggg gctctggaaggtacctgggggaggttgcactgtgagaatgagctcaagctgggtcagagagc agggctgactctgccagtgcctgcatcagcctcatcgctctcctaggctcctggcctgctgg actctgggctgcaggtccttcttgaaaggctgtgagtagtgagacaaggagcaggagtgagg ggtggcaggagagaagatagagattgagagagagagagagagagagacagagagagaggaag agacagagacaaaaggagagagaacggcttagacaaggagagaaagatggaaagataaagag actgggcgcagtggctcacgcctgtaatcccaacacttggggaggccaaggtgggaggatgg cttgaaggaaagagtctgagatcaacctggccaacatagtgagaccccgtctctaaaaaaaa aagaaaaaaaaaagaaaaaagaaaaaaaagtttttttaaagagacagagaaagagactcaga gattgagactgagagcaagacagagagagatactcacagggaagaggggaagaggaaaacga gaaagggaggagagtaacggaaagagataaaaaagaaaagcaggtggcagagacacacagag agggacccagagaaagccagacagacgcaggtggctggcagcgggcgctgtgggggtcacag tagggggacctgtg(n)agttctctcgttaacttaatgagacagatagaaactggtcttgta gaaacagagtagtcgcctgcttttctgccaggtgctgacttctctcccctgggcttttttct ttttctcagg wherein x is from 0 to 100 Example NPHS1 promoter-regulatory element (SEQ ID NO: 93) In some embodiments, x is from 1 to 100, from 2 to 100, from 3 to 100, from 4 to 100, from 5 to 100, from 6 to 100, from 7 to 100, from 8 to 100, from 9 to 100, or from 10 to 100. In some embodiments, x is from 1 to 50, from 2 to 50, from 3 to 50, from 4 to 50, from 5 to 50, from 6 to 50, from 7 to 50, from 8 to 50, from 9 to 50, or from 10 to 50. In some embodiments, (n)xis selected from any of SEQ ID NOs: 49-68. In some embodiments, (n)xis selected from any of SEQ ID NOs: 59-68. In some embodiments, (n)xis selected from any of SEQ ID NOs: 64-68. Example minimal NPHS1 promoter-regulatory element In some embodiments, a polynucleotide of the present invention comprises a minimal NPHS1 promoter and a regulatory element of the present invention. In some embodiments, the polynucleotide comprises or consists of from 5’ to 3’: a minimal NPHS1 promoter; optionally, a spacer sequence; and a regulatory element of the present invention. In some embodiments, the polynucleotide comprises a minimal NPHS1 promoter comprising or consisting of a nucleotide sequence having 70% or more, 75% or more, 80% or more, 85% or more, 90% or more, 91% or more, 92% or more, 93% or more, 94% or more, 95% or more, 96% or more, 97% or more, 98% or more, 99% or more, or 100% sequence identity to SEQ ID NO: 35 and a regulatory element comprising or consisting of a nucleotide sequence having 70% or more, 75% or more, 80% or more, 85% or more, 90% or more, 91% or more, 92% or more, 93% or more, 94% or more, 95% or more, 96% or more, 97% or more, 98% or more, 99% or more, or 100% sequence identity to SEQ ID NO: 6. In some embodiments, the polynucleotide comprises a minimal NPHS1 promoter comprising or consisting of a nucleotide sequence having 70% or more sequence identity to SEQ ID NO: 35 and a regulatory element comprising or consisting of a nucleotide sequence having 70% or more sequence identity to SEQ ID NO: 6. In some embodiments, the polynucleotide comprises a minimal NPHS1 promoter comprising or consisting of a nucleotide sequence having 75% or more sequence identity to SEQ ID NO: 35 and a regulatory element comprising or consisting of a nucleotide sequence having 75% or more sequence identity to SEQ ID NO: 6. In some embodiments, the polynucleotide comprises a minimal NPHS1 promoter comprising or consisting of a nucleotide sequence having 80% or more sequence identity to SEQ ID NO: 35 and a regulatory element comprising or consisting of a nucleotide sequence having 80% or more sequence identity to SEQ ID NO: 6. In some embodiments, the polynucleotide comprises a minimal NPHS1 promoter comprising or consisting of a nucleotide sequence having 85% or more sequence identity to SEQ ID NO: 35 and a regulatory element comprising or consisting of a nucleotide sequence having 85% or more sequence identity to SEQ ID NO: 6. In some embodiments, the polynucleotide comprises a minimal NPHS1 promoter comprising or consisting of a nucleotide sequence having 90% or more sequence identity to SEQ ID NO: 35 and a regulatory element comprising or consisting of a nucleotide sequence having 90% or more sequence identity to SEQ ID NO: 6. In some embodiments, the polynucleotide comprises a minimal NPHS1 promoter comprising or consisting of a nucleotide sequence having 95% or more sequence identity to SEQ ID NO: 35 and a regulatory element comprising or consisting of a nucleotide sequence having 95% or more sequence identity to SEQ ID NO: 6. In some embodiments, the polynucleotide comprises a minimal NPHS1 promoter comprising or consisting of a nucleotide sequence having 96% or more sequence identity to SEQ ID NO: 35 and a regulatory element comprising or consisting of a nucleotide sequence having 96% or more sequence identity to SEQ ID NO: 6. In some embodiments, the polynucleotide comprises a minimal NPHS1 promoter comprising or consisting of a nucleotide sequence having 97% or more sequence identity to SEQ ID NO: 35 and a regulatory element comprising or consisting of a nucleotide sequence having 97% or more sequence identity to SEQ ID NO: 6. In some embodiments, the polynucleotide comprises a minimal NPHS1 promoter comprising or consisting of a nucleotide sequence having 98% or more sequence identity to SEQ ID NO: 35 and a regulatory element comprising or consisting of a nucleotide sequence having 98% or more sequence identity to SEQ ID NO: 6. In some embodiments, the polynucleotide comprises a minimal NPHS1 promoter comprising or consisting of a nucleotide sequence having 99% or more sequence identity to SEQ ID NO: 35 and a regulatory element comprising or consisting of a nucleotide sequence having 99% or more sequence identity to SEQ ID NO: 6. In some embodiments, the polynucleotide of comprises a minimal NPHS1 promoter comprising or consisting of the nucleotide sequence of SEQ ID NO: 35 and a regulatory element comprising or consisting of the nucleotide sequence of SEQ ID NO: 6. In some embodiments, the polynucleotide of comprises a minimal NPHS1 promoter consisting of the nucleotide sequence of SEQ ID NO: 35 and a regulatory element consisting of the nucleotide sequence of SEQ ID NO: 6. In some embodiments, the polynucleotide comprises or consists of a nucleotide sequence which is at least 70% identical to SEQ ID NO: 41. Suitably, the polynucleotide comprises or consists of a nucleotide sequence which is at least 75%, at least 80%, at least 85%, at least 90%, at least 91%, at least 92%, at least 93%, at least 94%, at least 95%, at least 96%, at least 97%, at least 98%, at least 99%, or 100% identical to SEQ ID NO: 41. In some embodiments, the polynucleotide comprises or consists of the nucleotide sequence SEQ ID NO: 41. ggccctggggtcacggaggctggggaggcaccgaggaacgcgcctggcatgtgctgacaggg gattttatgctccaggagcaagacagagagagatactcacagggaagaggggaagaggaaaa cgagaaagggaggagagtaacggaaagagataaaaaagaaaagcaggtggcagagacacaca gagagggacccagagaaagccagacagacgcaggtggctggcagcgggcgctgtgggggtca cagtagggggacctgtg(n)agttctctcgttaacttaatgagacagatagaaactggtctt gtagaaacagagtagtcgcctgcttttctgccaggtgctgacttctctcccctgggcttttt tctttttctcagg wherein x is from 0 to 100 Example minimal NPHS1 promoter-regulatory element (SEQ ID NO: 41) In some embodiments, x is from 1 to 100, from 2 to 100, from 3 to 100, from 4 to 100, from 5 to 100, from 6 to 100, from 7 to 100, from 8 to 100, from 9 to 100, or from 10 to 100. In some embodiments, x is from 1 to 50, from 2 to 50, from 3 to 50, from 4 to 50, from 5 to 50, from 6 to 50, from 7 to 50, from 8 to 50, from 9 to 50, or from 10 to 50. In some embodiments, (n)x is selected from any of SEQ ID NOs: 49-68. In some embodiments, (n)x is selected from any of SEQ ID NOs: 59-68. In some embodiments, (n)x is selected from any of SEQ ID NOs: 64-68. Example NPHS2 promoter-regulatory element In some embodiments, a polynucleotide of the present invention comprises a NPHS2 promoter and a regulatory element of the present invention. In some embodiments, the polynucleotide comprises or consists of from 5’ to 3’: a NPHS2 promoter; optionally, a spacer sequence; and a regulatory element of the present invention. In some embodiments, the polynucleotide comprises a NPHS2 promoter comprising or consisting of a nucleotide sequence having 70% or more, 75% or more, 80% or more, 85% or more, 90% or more, 91% or more, 92% or more, 93% or more, 94% or more, 95% or more, 96% or more, 97% or more, 98% or more, 99% or more, or 100% sequence identity to SEQ ID NO: 38 and a regulatory element comprising or consisting of a nucleotide sequence having 70% or more, 75% or more, 80% or more, 85% or more, 90% or more, 91% or more, 92% or more, 93% or more, 94% or more, 95% or more, 96% or more, 97% or more, 98% or more, 99% or more, or 100% sequence identity to SEQ ID NO: 6. In some embodiments, the polynucleotide comprises a NPHS2 promoter comprising or consisting of a nucleotide sequence having 70% or more sequence identity to SEQ ID NO: 38 and a regulatory element comprising or consisting of a nucleotide sequence having 70% or more sequence identity to SEQ ID NO: 6. In some embodiments, the polynucleotide comprises a NPHS2 promoter comprising or consisting of a nucleotide sequence having 75% or more sequence identity to SEQ ID NO: 38 and a regulatory element comprising or consisting of a nucleotide sequence having 75% or more sequence identity to SEQ ID NO: 6. In some embodiments, the polynucleotide comprises a NPHS2 promoter comprising or consisting of a nucleotide sequence having 80% or more sequence identity to SEQ ID NO: 38 and a regulatory element comprising or consisting of a nucleotide sequence having 80% or more sequence identity to SEQ ID NO: 6. In some embodiments, the polynucleotide comprises a NPHS2 promoter comprising or consisting of a nucleotide sequence having 85% or more sequence identity to SEQ ID NO: 38 and a regulatory element comprising or consisting of a nucleotide sequence having 85% or more sequence identity to SEQ ID NO: 6. In some embodiments, the polynucleotide comprises a NPHS2 promoter comprising or consisting of a nucleotide sequence having 90% or more sequence identity to SEQ ID NO: 38 and a regulatory element comprising or consisting of a nucleotide sequence having 90% or more sequence identity to SEQ ID NO: 6. In some embodiments, the polynucleotide comprises a NPHS2 promoter comprising or consisting of a nucleotide sequence having 95% or more sequence identity to SEQ ID NO: 38 and a regulatory element comprising or consisting of a nucleotide sequence having 95% or more sequence identity to SEQ ID NO: 6. In some embodiments, the polynucleotide comprises a NPHS2 promoter comprising or consisting of a nucleotide sequence having 96% or more sequence identity to SEQ ID NO: 38 and a regulatory element comprising or consisting of a nucleotide sequence having 96% or more sequence identity to SEQ ID NO: 6. In some embodiments, the polynucleotide comprises a NPHS2 promoter comprising or consisting of a nucleotide sequence having 97% or more sequence identity to SEQ ID NO: 38 and a regulatory element comprising or consisting of a nucleotide sequence having 97% or more sequence identity to SEQ ID NO: 6. In some embodiments, the polynucleotide comprises a NPHS2 promoter comprising or consisting of a nucleotide sequence having 98% or more sequence identity to SEQ ID NO: 38 and a regulatory element comprising or consisting of a nucleotide sequence having 98% or more sequence identity to SEQ ID NO: 6. In some embodiments, the polynucleotide comprises a NPHS2 promoter comprising or consisting of a nucleotide sequence having 99% or more sequence identity to SEQ ID NO: 38 and a regulatory element comprising or consisting of a nucleotide sequence having 99% or more sequence identity to SEQ ID NO: 6. In some embodiments, the polynucleotide comprises a NPHS2 promoter comprising or consisting of the nucleotide sequence of SEQ ID NO: 38 and a regulatory element comprising or consisting of the nucleotide sequence of SEQ ID NO: 6. In some embodiments, the polynucleotide comprises a NPHS2 promoter consisting of the nucleotide sequence of SEQ ID NO: 38 and a regulatory element consisting of the nucleotide sequence of SEQ ID NO: 6. In some embodiments, the polynucleotide comprises or consists of a nucleotide sequence which is at least 70% identical to SEQ ID NO: 42. Suitably, the polynucleotide comprises or consists of a nucleotide sequence which is at least 75%, at least 80%, at least 85%, at least 90%, at least 91%, at least 92%, at least 93%, at least 94%, at least 95%, at least 96%, at least 97%, at least 98%, at least 99%, or 100% identical to SEQ ID NO: 42. In some embodiments, the polynucleotide comprises or consists of the nucleotide sequence SEQ ID NO: 42. gccctcctatttagtctctctgccacctacaaattgagaaagtcaaatttagtaagtcctta tagtttccagctctaaaacaacaggatttgtaacatcatgtagtgccaatcaattccagcct ttccattaaataatccaaatgaatcagtattcatgcattcacttattcatatggatataata cttcaaaacactaactgggaataagtgtaatactttagaaagccttgcactctttcataatc tttcaccttggaaacataaaagtaaacagctttaattgatcctccctttcttctagtaaccc agttcccacagatgtcagtttcttaacaaatccaaacaaggagtaaagtattgagagtttca gaatgtgtgcatatcatattttcagcaaagggatgagcaacactttcaattaaaaaggaatc taaaagaaaacagcagcatccttgtaaaagtagatgaggacagccagctggacttagctgct aactcagcactcccttccccaactcctccaccttccagccatgctgcattgacctttttatc atggaatggtatgcagcttctctgattttgtcattgtcactcataatcccagcagacttgtg ttataagcagctgcttatattgctgttatgtatagatatagaaatgtaacttgtcagtggtc aaagaagccaaggaaactgagcaaaggtgactgagaacaagtgctcagcatgggctccaaca cccagtagggccttttctcattgatttttctcctacaaggaatttctctcttattgaaagac agtacagtttggggaatatcatttgaccagatatcctgctccattcttggaatgaaaaacag gtgcaattttagtataagagtctagctagggatgcggatgaaattaatttataacaggacca ggctgaggaaaaacaccaataaatgctacaaatagtttgtcactttttctaacagggaaatc tctaaaggatgataaagatgctagctgtgtttaatagcaaatgttaatttgggggaatatga aataatcatgatatctttctctctttgagccaaacgcagctttggaatttttctcactgtag tgttgtaggcagaaactatcaactgaggcaggcccttgcgaggaaatatttatcctccttag cccatgcaatgatcaggtttagacagtaaaaaatctatttaagtgactggattgctcatctt ttatttactttactcccagtggcctaacctggaacatatagaagaaagtagtggaatggttt ttccagacgcacttcagttacttcaggtcctcagtgtttaataaggttttgggagagaaaaa aagctattgctgtgtgaattcaataaatatttaaaaaatttaaaaaatcagtgagcattatt tctgccatcatgtgatctgaactatctgagtagtatcataaatcttgggtgatgggttacct tgaccaacctccctttcagtaagaaacaaattattaacagaaagtgaaagagaaataaacct attcaatgtttcaagtccctcagaagagggtgaggcagctccccagttcgttgctagatcca gcctggccaatgaaccctgaaaaagcccaactcctgctttcatcatggaagcacgggacaaa gtgtctcttcctaaaaacagaagttagaccagaccccttcctgcctatgattcttcaagaag cattgcatcatcaacatcaggcataagcattaataaagaccctaaataataacagagacgaa acacatcgcaaagagagttttcttttatcccctttaaaatgtaaatactcccaggaggaatc agccaacatcattaggggttaatgcatatgtagaataactagggccaggatataaaataaga aatacgtagggaggagagaaaggcatccttgagacgactccaagaaggaaagttggggatga ggcgaaatttctgattttaccttaaagtgaccctaattcgatgaccttttgtggtttttttc ttttttcttttttacttggccctgcccaagcaggacctaaaaacaaacagacaaaaaaggtt actaacaactgttcctctccacgaaaatctgcagtaaaaggtaaaagatgtattcgttttga agagaaaccagagcttgcgatgagcttctgtatctccgtcagccctctagcatgacattagg aaccctccaggagatgagtcttcacagcccgggttggcacctgcagacacgcacttttcaac gcccgcaccctgcccggggccggctctcccacccaggcctctctctgcttcagcgccgcccc ggccgtgggagtcggcgggcgcagtccacagctccaccaagacacagctgtcggggttccgg gtgcgccccgcccgcggccccggtgtcccgcccctcgccctcagcccccacccgatggtctt tagggtcccccgggcacgccacgcggacccgcagcgactccacagggactgcgctcccgtgc ccctagcgctcccgcgctgctgctccagccgcccggcagctctgacc(n)agttctctcgtt aacttaatgagacagatagaaactggtcttgtagaaacagagtagtcgcctgcttttctgcc aggtgctgacttctctcccctgggcttttttctttttctcagg wherein x is from 0 to 100 Example NPHS2 promoter-regulatory element (SEQ ID NO: 42) In some embodiments, x is from 1 to 100, from 2 to 100, from 3 to 100, from 4 to 100, from 5 to 100, from 6 to 100, from 7 to 100, from 8 to 100, from 9 to 100, or from 10 to 100. In some embodiments, x is from 1 to 50, from 2 to 50, from 3 to 50, from 4 to 50, from 5 to 50, from 6 to 50, from 7 to 50, from 8 to 50, from 9 to 50, or from 10 to 50. In some embodiments, (n)x is selected from any of SEQ ID NOs: 49-68. In some embodiments, (n)x is selected from any of SEQ ID NOs: 59-68. In some embodiments, (n)x is selected from any of SEQ ID NOs: 64-68. Example minimal NPHS2 promoter-regulatory element In some embodiments, a polynucleotide of the present invention comprises a minimal NPHS2 promoter and a regulatory element of the present invention. In some embodiments, the polynucleotide comprises or consists of from 5’ to 3’: a minimal NPHS2 promoter; optionally, a spacer sequence; and a regulatory element of the present invention. In some embodiments, the polynucleotide comprises a minimal NPHS2 promoter comprising or consisting of a nucleotide sequence having 70% or more, 75% or more, 80% or more, 85% or more, 90% or more, 91% or more, 92% or more, 93% or more, 94% or more, 95% or more, 96% or more, 97% or more, 98% or more, 99% or more, or 100% sequence identity to SEQ ID NO: 39 and a regulatory element comprising or consisting of a nucleotide sequence having 70% or more, 75% or more, 80% or more, 85% or more, 90% or more, 91% or more, 92% or more, 93% or more, 94% or more, 95% or more, 96% or more, 97% or more, 98% or more, 99% or more, or 100% sequence identity to SEQ ID NO: 6. In some embodiments, the polynucleotide comprises a minimal NPHS2 promoter comprising or consisting of a nucleotide sequence having 70% or more sequence identity to SEQ ID NO: 39 and a regulatory element comprising or consisting of a nucleotide sequence having 70% or more sequence identity to SEQ ID NO: 6. In some embodiments, the polynucleotide comprises a minimal NPHS2 promoter comprising or consisting of a nucleotide sequence having 75% or more sequence identity to SEQ ID NO: 39 and a regulatory element comprising or consisting of a nucleotide sequence having 75% or more sequence identity to SEQ ID NO: 6. In some embodiments, the polynucleotide comprises a minimal NPHS2 promoter comprising or consisting of a nucleotide sequence having 80% or more sequence identity to SEQ ID NO: 39 and a regulatory element comprising or consisting of a nucleotide sequence having 80% or more sequence identity to SEQ ID NO: 6. In some embodiments, the polynucleotide comprises a minimal NPHS2 promoter comprising or consisting of a nucleotide sequence having 85% or more sequence identity to SEQ ID NO: 39 and a regulatory element comprising or consisting of a nucleotide sequence having 85% or more sequence identity to SEQ ID NO: 6. In some embodiments, the polynucleotide comprises a minimal NPHS2 promoter comprising or consisting of a nucleotide sequence having 90% or more sequence identity to SEQ ID NO: 39 and a regulatory element comprising or consisting of a nucleotide sequence having 90% or more sequence identity to SEQ ID NO: 6. In some embodiments, the polynucleotide comprises a minimal NPHS2 promoter comprising or consisting of a nucleotide sequence having 95% or more sequence identity to SEQ ID NO: 39 and a regulatory element comprising or consisting of a nucleotide sequence having 95% or more sequence identity to SEQ ID NO: 6. In some embodiments, the polynucleotide comprises a minimal NPHS2 promoter comprising or consisting of a nucleotide sequence having 96% or more sequence identity to SEQ ID NO: 39 and a regulatory element comprising or consisting of a nucleotide sequence having 96% or more sequence identity to SEQ ID NO: 6. In some embodiments, the polynucleotide comprises a minimal NPHS2 promoter comprising or consisting of a nucleotide sequence having 97% or more sequence identity to SEQ ID NO: 39 and a regulatory element comprising or consisting of a nucleotide sequence having 97% or more sequence identity to SEQ ID NO: 6. In some embodiments, the polynucleotide comprises a minimal NPHS2 promoter comprising or consisting of a nucleotide sequence having 98% or more sequence identity to SEQ ID NO: 39 and a regulatory element comprising or consisting of a nucleotide sequence having 98% or more sequence identity to SEQ ID NO: 6. In some embodiments, the polynucleotide comprises a minimal NPHS2 promoter comprising or consisting of a nucleotide sequence having 99% or more sequence identity to SEQ ID NO: 39 and a regulatory element comprising or consisting of a nucleotide sequence having 99% or more sequence identity to SEQ ID NO: 6. In some embodiments, the polynucleotide comprises a minimal NPHS2 promoter comprising or consisting of the nucleotide sequence of SEQ ID NO: 39 and a regulatory element comprising or consisting of the nucleotide sequence of SEQ ID NO: 6. In some embodiments, the polynucleotide comprises a minimal NPHS2 promoter consisting of the nucleotide sequence of SEQ ID NO: 39 and a regulatory element consisting of the nucleotide sequence of SEQ ID NO: 6. In some embodiments, the polynucleotide comprises or consists of a nucleotide sequence which is at least 70% identical to SEQ ID NO: 43. Suitably, the polynucleotide comprises or consists of a nucleotide sequence which is at least 75%, at least 80%, at least 85%, at least 90%, at least 91%, at least 92%, at least 93%, at least 94%, at least 95%, at least 96%, at least 97%, at least 98%, at least 99%, or 100% identical to SEQ ID NO: 43. In some embodiments, the polynucleotide comprises or consists of the nucleotide sequence SEQ ID NO: 43. ccaagaaggaaagttggggatgaggcgaaatttctgattttaccttaaagtgaccctaattc gatgaccttttgtggtttttttcttttttcttttttacttggccctgcccaagcaggaccta aaaacaaacagacaaaaaaggttactaacaactgttcctctccacgaaaatctgcagtaaaa ggtaaaagatgtattcgttttgaagagaaaccagagcttgcgatgagcttctgtatctccgt cagccctctagcatgacattaggaaccctccaggagatgagtcttcacagcccgggttggca cctgcagacacgcacttttcaacgcccgcaccctgcccggggccggctctcccacccaggcc tctctctgcttcagcgccgccccggccgtgggagtcggcgggcgcagtccacagctccacca agacacagctgtcggggttccgggtgcgccccgcccgcggccccggtgtcccgcccctcgcc ctcagcccccacccgatggtctttagggtcccccgggcacgccacgcggacccgcagcgact ccacagggactgcgctcccgtgcccctagcgctcccgcgctgctgctccagccgcccggcag ctctgacc(n)agttctctcgttaacttaatgagacagatagaaactggtcttgtagaaaca gagtagtcgcctgcttttctgccaggtgctgacttctctcccctgggcttttttctttttct cagg wherein x is from 0 to 100 Example minimal NPHS2 promoter-regulatory element (SEQ ID NO: 43) In some embodiments, x is from 1 to 100, from 2 to 100, from 3 to 100, from 4 to 100, from 5 to 100, from 6 to 100, from 7 to 100, from 8 to 100, from 9 to 100, or from 10 to 100. In some embodiments, x is from 1 to 50, from 2 to 50, from 3 to 50, from 4 to 50, from 5 to 50, from 6 to 50, from 7 to 50, from 8 to 50, from 9 to 50, or from 10 to 50. In some embodiments, (n)x is selected from any of SEQ ID NOs: 49-68. In some embodiments, (n)x is selected from any of SEQ ID NOs: 59-68. In some embodiments, (n)x is selected from any of SEQ ID NOs: 64-68. Other regulatory elements The polynucleotide of the invention may further comprise one or more further regulatory elements, which may act pre- or post-transcriptionally. A “regulatory element” may refer to any sequences which facilitate expression of a polypeptide from a protein-coding sequence, e.g. act to increase expression of a transcript or to enhance mRNA stability. Other suitable regulatory sequences include for example enhancer elements, Kozak sequences, post-transcriptional regulatory elements and polyadenylation sites. In some embodiments, the polynucleotide comprises a kidney-specific promoter, a spliceosomal intron or a regulatory element of the present invention, a protein-coding sequence, and a WPRE. In some embodiments, the polynucleotide comprises from 5’ to 3’: a kidney-specific promoter, a spliceosomal intron or a regulatory element of the present invention, a protein-coding sequence, and a WPRE. In some embodiments, the polynucleotide comprises a kidney-specific promoter, a spliceosomal intron or a regulatory element of the present invention, a protein-coding sequence, and a polyadenylation sequence. In some embodiments, the polynucleotide comprises from 5’ to 3’: a kidney-specific promoter, a spliceosomal intron or a regulatory element of the present invention, a protein-coding sequence, and a polyadenylation sequence. In some embodiments, the polynucleotide comprises a kidney-specific promoter, a spliceosomal intron or a regulatory element of the present invention, a protein-coding sequence, a WPRE, and a polyadenylation sequence. In some embodiments, the polynucleotide comprises from 5’ to 3’: a kidney-specific promoter, a spliceosomal intron or a regulatory element of the present invention, a protein-coding sequence, a WPRE, and a polyadenylation sequence. Enhancers The polynucleotide of the invention may comprise an enhancer. Suitably, the enhancer may be operably linked to a protein-coding sequence. Suitably, the enhancer may be upstream of a promoter. An “enhancer” is a region of DNA that can be bound by proteins (activators) to increase the likelihood that transcription of a particular gene will occur. Enhancers are cis-acting. They can be located up to 1 Mbp (1,000,000 bp) away from the gene, upstream or downstream from the start site. Any suitable enhancer may be used, the selection of which may be readily made by the skilled person. The polynucleotide of the invention may comprise a kidney-specific enhancer. The polynucleotide of the invention may comprise a glomerular-specific enhancer. The polynucleotide of the invention may comprise a podocyte-specific enhancer. Suitable enhancers will be well known to those of skill in the art. Suitably, the enhancer may be or may be derived from an enhancer associated with a gene with selective expression in human podocytes. Methods to identify the enhancer regions associated with genes will be well known to those of skill in the art. Preferably, the enhancer is a NPHS1 or a NPHS2 enhancer, or a fragment and / or variant thereof. More preferably, the enhancer is a NPHS1 enhancer, or a fragment and / or variant thereof. Preferably, the enhancer is a human enhancer, e.g. a human NPHS1 enhancer. The enhancer may be used with the corresponding promoter, for example the NPHS1 enhancer may be used with the NPHS1 promoter. Alternatively, the enhancer may be used with a different promoter, for example a promoter which is not podocyte-specific e.g. hsp promoter. The polynucleotide of the invention may comprise a promoter-enhancer. The promoter- enhancer may be a podocyte-specific promoter-enhancer. The promoter-enhancer may be a NPHS1 promoter-enhancer or a NPHS2 promoter-enhancer, and / or variant thereof. NPHS1 enhancer The polynucleotide of the invention may comprise a NPHS1 enhancer. Suitably, the NPHS1 enhancer may be operably linked to the protein-coding sequence. Suitably, the NPHS1 enhancer may be upstream of the promoter. A NPHS1 enhancer has been described in Guo, G., et al., 2004. Journal of the American Society of Nephrology, 15(11), pp.2851-2856. A 186-bp fragment from the human NPHS1 promoter was capable of directing podocyte-specific expression of a β-galactosidase transgene when placed in front of a heterologous minimal promoter in transgenic mice. Suitably, a NPHS1 enhancer may comprise or consist of the nucleotide sequence shown as SEQ ID NO: 44, or a variant which is at least 70% identical to SEQ ID NO: 44. ctgctgagctgggagaccaccttgatctgacttctcccatcttcccagcctaagccaggccc tggggtcacggaggctggggaggcaccgaggaacgcgcctggcatgtgctgacaggggattt tatgctccagctgggccagctgggaggagcctgctgggcagaggccagagctgggggctctg Example NPHS1 enhancer (SEQ ID NO: 44) Suitably, the variant may be at least 75%, at least 80%, at least 85%, at least 90%, at least 91%, at least 92%, at least 93%, at least 94%, at least 95%, at least 96%, at least 96%, at least 98%, or at least 99% identical to SEQ ID NO: 44. NPHS2 enhancer The polynucleotide of the invention may comprise a NPHS2 enhancer. Suitably, the NPHS2 enhancer may be operably linked to the protein-coding sequence. Suitably, the NPHS2 enhancer may be upstream of the promoter. A NPHS2 enhancer has been described in WO 2023 / 213738. The NPHS2 enhancer comprises NPHS2 motif Lmx1b-FoxC2 and allowed the selective expression of genes of interest in podocytes and other kidney cell lines. Suitably, a NPHS2 enhancer may comprise or consist of the nucleotide sequence shown as SEQ ID NO: 83, or a variant which is at least 70% identical to SEQ ID NO: 83. aaaaacagaagttagaccagaccccttcctgcctatgattcttcaagaagcattgcatcatc aacatcaggcataagcattaataaagaccctaaataataacagagacgaaacacatcgcaaa gagagttttcttttatcccctttaaaatgtaaatactcccaggaggaatcagccaacatcat taggggttaatgcatatg Example NPHS2 enhancer (SEQ ID NO: 83) Suitably, the variant may be at least 75%, at least 80%, at least 85%, at least 90%, at least 91%, at least 92%, at least 93%, at least 94%, at least 95%, at least 96%, at least 96%, at least 98%, or at least 99% identical to SEQ ID NO: 83. Kozak sequence The polynucleotide of the invention may comprise a Kozak sequence. Suitably, the Kozak sequence may be operably linked to a protein-coding sequence. A Kozak sequence may be inserted around the start codon of a protein-coding sequence to improve the initiation of translation. Suitable Kozak sequences will be well known to those of skill in the art (see e.g. Kozak, M., 2002. Gene, 299(1-2), pp.1-34). A consensus Kozak sequence in vertebrates may have the sequence of SEQ ID NO: 79 or SEQ ID NO: 80. Suitably, the Kozak sequence may comprise or consist of the nucleotide sequence of SEQ ID NO: 79 or 80, or variants thereof which have five or fewer deletions, substitutions or insertions. Suitably, the variants may have four or fewer, three or fewer, two or fewer, or one deletion(s), substitution(s) or insertion(s). Suitably, the variants may have three or fewer, two or fewer, or one deletion(s) and / or three or fewer, two or fewer, or one substitution(s). Suitably, the variants may have three or fewer, two or fewer, or one deletion(s) and / or three or fewer, two or fewer, or one substitution(s). Suitably, the variants may have one deletion and / or one substitution. Suitably, the variants may have one deletion and one substitution. gccrccatgg Example consensus Kozak sequence 1 (SEQ ID NO: 79) gccgccrccatgg Example consensus Kozak sequence 2 (SEQ ID NO: 80) Suitably, the Kozak sequence may comprise or consist of the nucleotide sequence of any of SEQ ID NOs: 45, 81 or 82, or variants which have five or fewer deletions, substitutions or insertions. Suitably, the variants may have four or fewer, three or fewer, two or fewer, or one deletion(s), substitution(s) or insertion(s). Suitably, the variants may have three or fewer, two or fewer, or one deletion(s) and / or three or fewer, two or fewer, or one substitution(s). Suitably, the variants may have one deletion and / or one substitution. Suitably, the variants may have one deletion and one substitution. Suitably, the Kozak sequence may comprise or consist of the nucleotide sequence of any of SEQ ID NOs: 45, 81 or 82. Suitably, the Kozak sequence may comprise or consist of the nucleotide sequence shown as SEQ ID NO: 45, or a variant which is at least 65% identical to SEQ ID NO: 45. Suitably, the variant may be at least 75%, at least 85%, or at least 90% identical to SEQ ID NO: 45. Suitably, the Kozak sequence may comprise or consist of the nucleotide sequence shown as SEQ ID NO: 45. Suitably, the Kozak sequence may comprise or consist of the nucleotide sequence shown as SEQ ID NO: 81, or a variant which is at least 60% identical to SEQ ID NO: 81. Suitably, the variant may be at least 70%, at least 80%, or at least 90% identical to SEQ ID NO: 81. Suitably, the Kozak sequence may comprise or consist of the nucleotide sequence shown as SEQ ID NO: 81. Suitably, the Kozak sequence may comprise or consist of the nucleotide sequence shown as SEQ ID NO: 82, or a variant which is at least 65% identical to SEQ ID NO: 82. Suitably, the variant may be at least 75%, or at least 85% identical to SEQ ID NO: 82. Suitably, the Kozak sequence may comprise or consist of the nucleotide sequence shown as SEQ ID NO: 82. gccgccaccatgg Example Kozak sequence 1 (SEQ ID NO: 45) gccaccatgg Example Kozak sequence 2 (SEQ ID NO: 81) tccaccatg Example Kozak sequence 3 (SEQ ID NO: 82) Post-transcriptional regulatory elements The polynucleotide of the invention may comprise a post-transcriptional regulatory element. Suitably, the post-transcriptional regulatory element may be operably linked to a protein- coding sequence. Suitably, the transcriptional regulatory element may be downstream of a protein-coding sequence. The polynucleotide of the invention may comprise a Woodchuck Hepatitis Virus Post- transcriptional Regulatory Element (WPRE). Suitably, the WPRE may be operably linked to the protein-coding sequence. Suitably, the transcriptional regulatory element may be downstream of the protein-coding sequence. The WPRE sequence may have mutations within the X-antigen promoter and / or the initiation codon of the X-antigen. This may prevent the production of a functional X-antigen. Suitably, the WPRE may comprise or consist of the nucleotide sequence shown as SEQ ID NO: 46, or a variant which is at least 70% identical to SEQ ID NO: 46. aatcaacctctggattacaaaatttgtgaaagattgactggtattcttaactatgttgctcc ttttacgctatgtggatacgctgctttaatgcctttgtatcatgctattgcttcccgtatgg ctttcattttctcctccttgtataaatcctggttgctgtctctttatgaggagttgtggccc gttgtcaggcaacgtggcgtggtgtgcactgtgtttgctgacgcaacccccactggttgggg cattgccaccacctgtcagctcctttccgggactttcgctttccccctccctattgccacgg cggaactcatcgccgcctgccttgcccgctgctggacaggggctcggctgttgggcactgac aattccgtggtgttgtcggggaaatcatcgtcctttccttggctgctcgcctgtgttgccac ctggattctgcgcgggacgtccttctgctacgtcccttcggccctcaatccagcggaccttc cttcccgcggcctgctgccggctctgcggcctcttccgcgtcttcgccttcgccctcagacg agtcggatctccctttgggccgcctccccgc Example WPRE (SEQ ID NO: 46) Suitably, the variant may be at least 75%, at least 80%, at least 85%, at least 90%, at least 91%, at least 92%, at least 93%, at least 94%, at least 95%, at least 96%, at least 96%, at least 98%, or at least 99% identical to SEQ ID NO: 46. In some embodiments, the polynucleotide does not comprise a further post-transcriptional regulatory element. In some embodiments, the polynucleotide does not comprise a WPRE. Polyadenylation sequence The polynucleotide of the invention may comprise a polyadenylation sequence. Suitably, the polyadenylation sequence may be operably linked to a protein-coding sequence. Suitably, the polyadenylation sequence may be downstream of a protein-coding sequence. Suitable polyadenylation sequences include the early SV40 polyadenylation sequence (SV40pA), a bovine growth hormone polyadenylation sequence (bGH), a soluble neuropilin- 1 polyadenylation sequence, an early SV40 polyadenylation sequence (SV40pA), and a chicken beta-globin polyadenylation sequence. Preferably, the polyadenylation sequence is a bGH polyadenylation sequence. Suitably, the polyadenylation sequence may comprise or consist of the nucleotide sequence shown as SEQ ID NO: 47, or a variant which is at least 70% identical to SEQ ID NO: 47. ctgtgccttctagttgccagccatctgttgtttgcccctcccccgtgccttccttgaccctg gaaggtgccactcccactgtcctttcctaataaaatgaggaaattgcatcgcattgtctgag taggtgtcattctattctggggggtggggtggggcaggacagcaagggggaggattgggaag acaatagcaggcatgctggggatgcggtgggctctatgg Example bGH poly(A) sequence (SEQ ID NO: 47) Suitably, the variant may be at least 75%, at least 80%, at least 85%, at least 90%, at least 91%, at least 92%, at least 93%, at least 94%, at least 95%, at least 96%, at least 96%, at least 98%, or at least 99% identical to SEQ ID NO: 47. Suitably, the polyadenylation sequence may comprise or consist of the nucleotide sequence shown as SEQ ID NO: 48, or a variant which is at least 70% identical to SEQ ID NO: 48. aaataaaatacgaaatg Example soluble neuropilin-1 poly(A) sequence (SEQ ID NO: 48) Suitably, the variant may be at least 75%, at least 80%, at least 85%, at least 90%, at least 91%, at least 92%, at least 93%, at least 94%, at least 95%, at least 96%, at least 96%, at least 98%, or at least 99% identical to SEQ ID NO: 48. Suitably, the polyadenylation sequence may comprise or consist of the nucleotide sequence shown as SEQ ID NO: 84, or a variant which is at least 70% identical to SEQ ID NO: 84. aacttgtttattgcagcttataatggttacaaataaagcaatagcatcacaaatttcacaaa taaagcatttttttcactgcattctagttgtggtttgtccaaactcatcaatgtatcttatc atgtctggatc Example early SV40 poly(A) sequence (SEQ ID NO: 84) Suitably, the variant may be at least 75%, at least 80%, at least 85%, at least 90%, at least 91%, at least 92%, at least 93%, at least 94%, at least 95%, at least 96%, at least 96%, at least 98%, or at least 99% identical to SEQ ID NO: 84. Suitably, the polyadenylation sequence may comprise or consist of the nucleotide sequence shown as SEQ ID NO: 85, or a variant which is at least 70% identical to SEQ ID NO: 85. caataaaagatctttattttcattagatctgtgtgttggttttttgtgtg Example chicken beta-globin poly(A) sequence (SEQ ID NO: 85) Suitably, the variant may be at least 75%, at least 80%, at least 85%, at least 90%, at least 91%, at least 92%, at least 93%, at least 94%, at least 95%, at least 96%, at least 96%, at least 98%, or at least 99% identical to SEQ ID NO: 85. Spacer sequences The polynucleotide may further comprise one or more further nucleotide sequences, for example one or more spacer sequence. As used herein, a “spacer sequence” may refer to any nucleotide sequence which is inserted between two elements, such that the elements are in a relationship permitting them to function in their intended manner. Suitably, spacer sequences may be included to provide a polynucleotide of a desired length. For example, for efficient encapsidation of AAV vectors, spacer sequences may be included if the expression cassette is less than 3.0 kb in length. Suitably, a spacer sequence has no function or activity. The length and sequence of a spacer sequence is not particularly limited. Suitably, a spacer sequence has a length of about 1000 bp or less, about 900 bp or less, about 800 bp or less, about 700 bp or less, about 600 bp or less, about 500 bp or less, about 400 bp or less, about 300 bp or less, about 200 bp or less, about 180 bp or less, about 160 bp or less, about 140 bp or less, about 120 bp or less, or about 100 bp or less. Suitably, a spacer sequence has a length of about 1 bp or more, about 2 bp or more, about 3 bp or more, about 4 bp or more, about 5 bp or more, or about 10 bp or more. Suitably, a spacer sequence has a length of about 1 bp to about 1000 bp, about 1 bp to about 500 bp, about 1 bp to about 200 bp, or about 10 bp to about 100 bp. Suitably, a spacer sequence has an arbitrary sequence that lacks function or activity (e.g. lacks binding sites) (see e.g. Estrada, J., et al., 2016. PloS one, 11(3), p.e0151740). Example spacer sequences based on random shuffled DNA sequences are provided below: Example spacer sequence Length gcaggtcacg (SEQ ID NO: 49)10bptcgaactggacatga (SEQ ID NO: 50)15bptgtcagaaaagcggtcat (SEQ ID NO: 51)18bptggcgtatatgccggcaaca (SEQ ID NO: 52)20bpccggatcggtaagagaaagctcatt (SEQ ID NO: 53)25bpacatacggtaccgggtcgaatggaatgcct (SEQ ID NO: 54)30bpgcttgtagatggccaattgagctcccaggcatgacttaat (SEQ ID NO: 55)40bpcataccccgtcttctggccaagtggcaagtctatgagcggtgtatgaacaaatcggtcat 60bp (SEQ ID NO: 56) gaactgaccgaattaccagccctctagaaaaccaagtagcaaagccaggtttcgcccatg 80bp gctcatcgtcagctgaccgg (SEQ ID NO: 57) aaagacaaggagggggtgatgtcggcaggttaccacaccggcggaacatgatatttagaa 100bp tgtacgccgcggttatccccccgttttaacctaacttcgt (SEQ ID NO: 58) Other example spacer sequences are provided below: Example spacer sequence Length cccggattattcataccgtcccaccatcgggcgcggatcccggtccgaagcgcgcggaat tctgcagtcgacggtaccgcgggcccgggatccaccggtcgccacc (SEQ ID NO: 59)106bpccttaagggaaacctgtcgtgccagctgcattaatgaatcggaccggaattctcaaaggc ctacgacgactggatccgccacc (SEQ ID NO: 60) 83bp gaattcaaaggcctacgtcgactggatccggtaccgaggagatctgccgccgcgatcgcc (SEQ ID NO: 61)60bpgcttaagcttggtaccgagctcggatccactagtccagtgtggtgggtcgccacc 55bp (SEQ ID NO: 62) cccggattattcataccgtcccaccatcgggcgcggatcccggtccgaagcgcgcggaat tcccctggg (SEQ ID NO: 63)69bpgaattcccctggg (SEQ ID NO: 64)13bpcttaagccctggg (SEQ ID NO: 65)13bpggccctggggaccggtccacc (SEQ ID NO: 66)21bpggccctggggaccggtcgccacc (SEQ ID NO: 67)23bp ggccctgggaccggtcgccacc (SEQ ID NO: 68)22bpIn some embodiments, the polynucleotide comprises from 5’ to 3’: a kidney-specific promoter, a first spacer sequence, a spliceosomal intron or a regulatory element of the present invention, a second spacer sequence, and a protein-coding sequence. Inverted terminal repeats (ITRs) The polynucleotide may further comprise at least one inverted terminal repeat sequence (ITR), preferably more than one ITR, such as two ITRs. In some embodiments, the polynucleotide comprises a 5’ ITR, a kidney-specific promoter, a spliceosomal intron or a regulatory element of the present invention, a protein-coding sequence, and a 3’ ITR. In some embodiments, the polynucleotide comprises from 5’ to 3’: a 5’ ITR, a kidney-specific promoter, a spliceosomal intron or a regulatory element of the present invention, a protein-coding sequence, and a 3’ ITR. In some embodiments, the polynucleotide comprises from 5’ to 3’: a 5’ ITR, a kidney-specific promoter, a protein-coding sequence, a spliceosomal intron or a regulatory element of the present invention, and a 3’ ITR. In some embodiments, the polynucleotide comprises a 5’ ITR, a kidney-specific promoter, a spliceosomal intron or a regulatory element of the present invention, a protein-coding sequence, a WPRE, and a 3’ ITR. In some embodiments, the polynucleotide comprises from 5’ to 3’: a 5’ ITR, a kidney-specific promoter, a spliceosomal intron or a regulatory element of the present invention, a protein-coding sequence, a WPRE, and a 3’ ITR. In some embodiments, the polynucleotide comprises a 5’ ITR, a kidney-specific promoter, a spliceosomal intron or a regulatory element of the present invention, a protein-coding sequence, a polyadenylation sequence, and a 3’ ITR. In some embodiments, the polynucleotide comprises from 5’ to 3’: a 5’ ITR, a kidney-specific promoter, a spliceosomal intron or a regulatory element of the present invention, a protein-coding sequence, a polyadenylation sequence, and a 3’ ITR. In some embodiments, the polynucleotide comprises a 5’ ITR, a kidney-specific promoter, a spliceosomal intron or a regulatory element of the present invention, a protein-coding sequence, a WPRE, a polyadenylation sequence, and a 3’ ITR. In some embodiments, the polynucleotide comprises from 5’ to 3’: a 5’ ITR, a kidney-specific promoter, a spliceosomal intron or a regulatory element of the present invention, a protein-coding sequence, a WPRE, a polyadenylation sequence, and a 3’ ITR. The polynucleotide may comprise one or more ITR sequences from any naturally derived serotype, isolate or clade of AAV or a variant thereof. The polynucleotide may comprise at least one, such as two, AAV1, AAV2, AAV3, AAV4, AAV5, AAV6, AAV7, AAV8, AAV9, AAV10, or AAV11 ITRs, or variants thereof. Suitably, the polynucleotide may comprise at least one, such as two, AAV2 ITRs. ITR sequences for use in the invention may be derived from the following accession numbers for AAV whole genome sequences: Adeno-associated virus 1 NC_002077; Adeno- associated virus 2 NC_001401; Adeno-associated virus 3 NC_001729; Adeno-associated virus 4 NC_001829; Adeno-associated virus 5 NC_006152; Adeno-associated virus 6 AF028704; Adeno-associated virus 7 NC_006260; and Adeno-associated virus 8 NC_006261. Other suitable ITRs are described in Wilmott, P., et al., 2019. Human gene therapy methods, 30(6), pp.206-213. One or more of the ITRs may be derived from AAV genomes having different serotypes, or may be a chimeric or mutant ITR. A preferred mutant ITR is one having a deletion of a trs (terminal resolution site). This deletion allows for continued replication of the genome to generate a single-stranded genome which contains both coding and complementary sequences, i.e. a self-complementary AAV genome. This allows for bypass of DNA replication in the target cell, and so enables accelerated transgene expression. Suitably, the one or more ITRs flank the expression cassette (e.g. comprising a promoter sequence, a protein-coding sequence, and a 3' untranslated region) at either end. The inclusion of one or more ITRs is may aid concatamer formation of an AAV vector in the nucleus of a host cell, for example following the conversion of single-stranded vector DNA into double-stranded DNA by the action of host cell DNA polymerases. The formation of such episomal concatamers protects the AAV vector during the life of the host cell, thereby allowing for prolonged expression of the protein-coding sequence in vivo. Suitably, the polynucleotide may comprise a 5’ ITR and a 3’ ITR. In some embodiments, the polynucleotide comprises a 5’ ITR comprising or consisting of a nucleotide sequence which is at least 70% identical to SEQ ID NO: 89. Suitably, the 5’ ITR comprises or consists of a nucleotide sequence which is at least 75%, at least 80%, at least 85%, at least 90%, at least 95%, at least 96%, at least 97%, at least 98% or at least 99% identical to SEQ ID NO: 89. In some embodiments, the 5’ ITR comprises or consists of the nucleotide sequence of SEQ ID NO: 89. cctgcaggcagctgcgcgctcgctcgctcactgaggccgcccgggcaaagcccgggcgtcgg gcgacctttggtcgcccggcctcagtgagcgagcgagcgcgcagagagggagtggccaactc catcactaggggttcct Example 5’ ITR (SEQ ID NO: 89) In some embodiments, the polynucleotide comprises a 3’ ITR comprising or consisting of a nucleotide sequence which is at least 70% identical to SEQ ID NO: 90. Suitably, the 3’ ITR comprises or consists of a nucleotide sequence which is at least 75%, at least 80%, at least 85%, at least 90%, at least 95%, at least 96%, at least 97%, at least 98% or at least 99% identical to SEQ ID NO: 90. In some embodiments, the 3’ ITR comprises or consists of the nucleotide sequence of SEQ ID NO: 90. aggaacccctagtgatggagttggccactccctctctgcgcgctcgctcgctcactgaggcc gggcgaccaaaggtcgcccgacgcccgggctttgcccgggcggcctcagtgagcgagcgagc gcgcagctgcctgcagg Example 3’ ITR (SEQ ID NO: 90) In some embodiments, the polynucleotide comprises a 5’ ITR comprising or consisting of a nucleotide sequence which is at least 70% identical to SEQ ID NO: 89 and a 3’ ITR comprising or consisting of a nucleotide sequence which is at least 70% identical to SEQ ID NO: 90. In some embodiments, the polynucleotide comprises a 5’ ITR comprising or consisting of the nucleotide sequence of SEQ ID NO: 89 and a 3’ ITR comprising or consisting of the nucleotide sequence of SEQ ID NO: 90. Vectors The present invention provides a vector comprising the polynucleotide of the present invention. A vector is a tool that allows or facilitates the transfer of an entity from one environment to another. The four major types of vectors are plasmids, viral vectors, cosmids, and artificial chromosomes. Preferably, the vector of the present invention is a viral vector. The vector of the invention is preferably an adeno-associated viral (AAV) vector, although it is contemplated that other viral vectors may be used. The vector of the present invention may be in the form of a viral vector particle. Preferably, the viral vector of the present invention is in the form of an AAV vector particle. Methods of preparing and modifying viral vectors and viral vector particles, such as those derived from AAV, are well known in the art. Suitable methods are described in Ayuso, E., et al., 2010. Current gene therapy, 10(6), pp.423-436, Merten, O.W., et al., 2016. Molecular Therapy-Methods & Clinical Development, 3, p.16017; and Nadeau, I. and Kamen, A., 2003. Biotechnology advances, 20(7-8), pp.475-489. The vector of the present invention may be capable of transducing kidney cells. In some embodiments, the vector of the present invention is capable of specifically transducing kidney cells. The vector of the present invention is preferably capable of transducing glomerular cells. In some embodiments, the vector of the present invention is capable of specifically transducing glomerular cells. The vector of the present invention is preferably capable of transducing podocytes. In some embodiments, the vector of the present invention is capable of specifically transducing podocytes. Adeno-associated viral (AAV) vectors The vector of the present invention may be an adeno-associated viral (AAV) vector. The vector of the present invention may be in the form of an AAV vector particle. AAV genome The AAV vector or AAV vector particle may comprise an AAV genome or a fragment or derivative thereof. An AAV genome is a polynucleotide sequence, which may encode functions needed for production of an AAV particle. These functions include those operating in the replication and packaging cycle of AAV in a host cell, including encapsidation of the AAV genome into an AAV particle. Naturally occurring AAVs are replication-deficient and rely on the provision of helper functions in trans for completion of a replication and packaging cycle. Accordingly, the AAV genome of the AAV vector of the invention is typically replication-deficient. The AAV genome may be in single-stranded form (ssAAV), either positive or negative- sense, or alternatively in double-stranded form (dsAAV). The use of a double-stranded form allows bypass of the DNA replication step in the target cell and so can accelerate transgene expression. The maximum packaging capacity of the single-stranded form is larger than the double-stranded form. Suitably, the AAV genome is in single-stranded form. AAVs occurring in nature may be classified according to various biological systems. The AAV genome may be from any naturally derived serotype, isolate or clade of AAV. AAV may be referred to in terms of their serotype. A serotype corresponds to a variant subspecies of AAV which, owing to its profile of expression of capsid surface antigens, has a distinctive reactivity which can be used to distinguish it from other variant subspecies. Typically, an AAV vector particle having a particular AAV serotype does not efficiently cross- react with neutralising antibodies specific for any other AAV serotype. AAV serotypes include AAV1, AAV2, AAV3, AAV4, AAV5, AAV6, AAV7, AAV8, AAV9, AAV10 and AAV11, and derivatives thereof. AAV may also be referred to in terms of clades or clones. This refers to the phylogenetic relationship of naturally derived AAVs, and typically to a phylogenetic group of AAVs which can be traced back to a common ancestor, and includes all descendants thereof. Additionally, AAVs may be referred to in terms of a specific isolate, i.e. a genetic isolate of a specific AAV found in nature. The term genetic isolate describes a population of AAVs which has undergone limited genetic mixing with other naturally occurring AAVs, thereby defining a recognisably distinct population at a genetic level. Typically, the AAV genome of a naturally derived serotype, isolate or clade of AAV comprises at least one inverted terminal repeat sequence (ITR). An ITR sequence acts in cis to provide a functional origin of replication and allows for integration and excision of the vector from the genome of a cell. ITRs may be the only sequences required in cis next to the therapeutic gene. The AAV genome may also comprise packaging genes, such as rep and / or cap genes which encode packaging functions for an AAV particle. A promoter may be operably linked to each of the packaging genes. Specific examples of such promoters include the p5, p19 and p40 promoters. For example, the p5 and p19 promoters are generally used to express the rep gene, while the p40 promoter is generally used to express the cap gene. The rep gene encodes one or more of the proteins Rep78, Rep68, Rep52 and Rep40 or variants thereof. The cap gene encodes one or more capsid proteins such as VP1, VP2 and VP3 or variants thereof. These proteins make up the capsid of an AAV particle, which determines the AAV serotype. VP1, VP2, and VP3 may be produced by alternate mRNA splicing (Trempe, J.P. and Carter, B.J., 1988. Journal of virology, 62(9), pp.3356-3363). Thus, VP1, VP2 and VP3 may have identical sequences, but wherein VP2 is truncated at the N-terminus relative to VP1, and VP3 is truncated at the N-terminus relative to VP2. The AAV genome may be the full genome of a naturally occurring AAV. For example, a vector comprising a full AAV genome may be used to prepare an AAV vector or vector particle. Preferably, the AAV genome is derivatised for the purpose of administration to patients. Such derivatisation is standard in the art and the invention encompasses the use of any known derivative of an AAV genome, and derivatives which could be generated by applying techniques known in the art. The AAV genome may be a derivative of any naturally occurring AAV. Suitably, the AAV genome is a derivative of AAV1, AAV2, AAV3, AAV4, AAV5, AAV6, AAV7, AAV8, AAV9, AAV10, or AAV11. Suitably, the AAV genome is a derivative of AAV2. Derivatives of an AAV genome include any truncated or modified forms of an AAV genome which allow for expression of a transgene from an AAV vector of the invention in vivo. Typically, it is possible to truncate the AAV genome significantly to include minimal viral sequence yet retain the above function. This is preferred for safety reasons to reduce the risk of recombination of the vector with wild-type virus, and also to avoid triggering a cellular immune response by the presence of viral gene proteins in the target cell. Typically, a derivative will include at least one inverted terminal repeat sequence (ITR), preferably more than one ITR, such as two ITRs or more. One or more of the ITRs may be derived from AAV genomes having different serotypes, or may be a chimeric or mutant ITR. A preferred mutant ITR is one having a deletion of a trs (terminal resolution site). This deletion allows for continued replication of the genome to generate a single-stranded genome which contains both coding and complementary sequences, i.e. a self- complementary AAV (scAAV) genome. This allows for bypass of DNA replication in the target cell, and so enables accelerated transgene expression. However, the maximum packaging capacity of a scAAV is reduced. Suitably, the AAV genome is not a scAAV genome. The AAV genome may comprise one or more ITR sequences from any naturally derived serotype, isolate or clade of AAV or a variant thereof. The AAV genome may comprise at least one, such as two, AAV1, AAV2, AAV3, AAV4, AAV5, AAV6, AAV7, AAV8, AAV9, AAV10, or AAV11 ITRs, or variants thereof. Suitably, the AAV genome may comprise at least one, such as two, AAV2 ITRs. The inclusion of one or more ITRs is preferred to aid concatamer formation of the AAV vector in the nucleus of a host cell, for example following the conversion of single-stranded vector DNA into double-stranded DNA by the action of host cell DNA polymerases. The formation of such episomal concatamers protects the AAV vector during the life of the host cell, thereby allowing for prolonged expression of the transgene in vivo. Suitably, ITR elements will be the only sequences retained from the native AAV genome in the derivative. A derivative will preferably not include the rep and / or cap genes of the native genome and any other sequences of the native genome. This is preferred for the reasons described above, and also to reduce the possibility of integration of the vector into the host cell genome. Additionally, reducing the size of the AAV genome allows for increased flexibility in incorporating other sequence elements (such as regulatory elements) within the vector in addition to the protein-coding sequence. The following portions could therefore be removed in a derivative of the invention: one inverted terminal repeat (ITR) sequence, the replication (rep) and capsid (cap) genes. However, derivatives may additionally include one or more rep and / or cap genes or other viral sequences of an AAV genome. Naturally occurring AAV integrates with a high frequency at a specific site on human chromosome 19, and shows a negligible frequency of random integration, such that retention of an integrative capacity in the AAV vector may be tolerated in a therapeutic setting. The invention additionally encompasses the provision of sequences of an AAV genome in a different order and configuration to that of a native AAV genome. The invention also encompasses the replacement of one or more AAV sequences or genes with sequences from another virus or with chimeric genes composed of sequences from more than one virus. Such chimeric genes may be composed of sequences from two or more related viral proteins of different viral species. AAV serotype and capsid proteins The AAV vector particle may be encapsidated by capsid proteins. The serotype may facilitate the transduction of glomerular cells (e.g. podocytes), for example specific transduction of glomerular cells (e.g. podocytes). The AAV vector particle may be a kidney-specific vector particle. Preferably, the AAV vector particle is a glomerular-specific (e.g. podocyte-specific) vector particle. The AAV vector particle may be encapsidated by a glomerular-specific (e.g. podocyte-specific) capsid. The AAV vector particle may comprise a glomerular-specific (e.g. podocyte-specific) capsid protein. Suitably, the AAV vector particles may be transcapsidated forms wherein an AAV genome or derivative having an ITR of one serotype is packaged in the capsid of a different serotype. The AAV vector particle also includes mosaic forms wherein a mixture of unmodified capsid proteins from two or more different serotypes makes up the viral capsid. The AAV vector particle also includes chemically modified forms bearing ligands adsorbed to the capsid surface. For example, such ligands may include antibodies for targeting a particular cell surface receptor. Where a derivative comprises capsid proteins i.e. VP1, VP2 and / or VP3, the derivative may be a chimeric, shuffled or capsid-modified derivative of one or more naturally occurring AAVs. In particular, the invention encompasses the provision of capsid protein sequences from different serotypes, clades, clones, or isolates of AAV within the same vector (i.e. a pseudotyped vector). The AAV vector may be in the form of a pseudotyped AAV vector particle. Chimeric, shuffled or capsid-modified derivatives will be typically selected to provide one or more desired functionalities for the AAV vector. Thus, these derivatives may display increased efficiency of gene delivery, decreased immunogenicity (humoral or cellular), an altered tropism range and / or improved targeting of podocytes compared to an AAV vector comprising a naturally occurring AAV genome. Increased efficiency of gene delivery may be effected by improved receptor or co-receptor binding at the cell surface, improved internalisation, improved trafficking within the cell and into the nucleus, improved uncoating of the viral particle and improved conversion of a single-stranded genome to double- stranded form. Increased efficiency may also relate to an altered tropism range or targeting of podocytes, such that the vector dose is not diluted by administration to tissues where it is not needed. Chimeric capsid proteins include those generated by recombination between two or more capsid coding sequences of naturally occurring AAV serotypes. This may be performed for example by a marker rescue approach in which non-infectious capsid sequences of one serotype are co-transfected with capsid sequences of a different serotype, and directed selection is used to select for capsid sequences having desired properties. The capsid sequences of the different serotypes can be altered by homologous recombination within the cell to produce novel chimeric capsid proteins. Chimeric capsid proteins also include those generated by engineering of capsid protein sequences to transfer specific capsid protein domains, surface loops or specific amino acid residues between two or more capsid proteins, for example between two or more capsid proteins of different serotypes. Shuffled or chimeric capsid proteins may also be generated by DNA shuffling or by error- prone PCR. Hybrid AAV capsid genes can be created by randomly fragmenting the sequences of related AAV genes e.g. those encoding capsid proteins of multiple different serotypes and then subsequently reassembling the fragments in a self-priming polymerase reaction, which may also cause crossovers in regions of sequence homology. A library of hybrid AAV genes created in this way by shuffling the capsid genes of several serotypes can be screened to identify viral clones having a desired functionality. Similarly, error prone PCR may be used to randomly mutate AAV capsid genes to create a diverse library of variants which may then be selected for a desired property. The sequences of the capsid genes may also be genetically modified to introduce specific deletions, substitutions or insertions with respect to the native wild-type sequence. In particular, capsid genes may be modified by the insertion of a sequence of an unrelated protein or peptide within an open reading frame of a capsid coding sequence, or at the N- and / or C-terminus of a capsid coding sequence. The unrelated protein or peptide may advantageously be one which acts as a ligand for a particular cell type, thereby conferring improved binding to a target cell or improving the specificity of targeting of the vector to a particular cell population. The unrelated protein may also be one which assists purification of the viral particle as part of the production process, i.e. an epitope or affinity tag. The site of insertion will typically be selected so as not to interfere with other functions of the viral particle e.g. internalisation, trafficking of the viral particle. The capsid protein may be an artificial or mutant capsid protein. The term “artificial capsid” as used herein means that the capsid particle comprises an amino acid sequence which does not occur in nature or which comprises an amino acid sequence which has been engineered (e.g. modified) from a naturally occurring capsid amino acid sequence. In other words the artificial capsid protein comprises a mutation or a variation in the amino acid sequence compared to the sequence of the parent capsid from which it is derived where the artificial capsid amino acid sequence and the parent capsid amino acid sequences are aligned. The capsid protein may comprise a mutation or modification relative to the wild type capsid protein which improves the ability to transduce podocytes relative to an unmodified or wild type viral particle. Improved ability to transduce podocytes may be measured for example by measuring the expression of a reporter transgene, e.g. GFP, carried by the AAV vector particle, wherein expression of the transgene in podocytes correlates with the ability of the AAV vector particle to transduce podocytes. The AAV vector particle may be an AAV3B, LK03, AAV9, ShH10, AAV-DJ, AAV2, AAV6.2, AAV5, or AAV8 vector particle. In some embodiments, the AAV vector particle is an AAV3B vector particle or an LK03 vector particle. In one embodiment, the AAV vector particle is an LK03 vector particle. In other embodiments, the AAV vector particle is a ShH10, AAV-DJ, AAV2, AAV6.2, or AAV5 vector particle. The AAV vector particle may comprise an AAV3B, LK03, AAV9, ShH10, AAV-DJ, AAV2, AAV6.2, AAV5, or AAV8 capsid protein. In some embodiments, the AAV vector particle comprises an AAV3B capsid protein or an LK03 capsid protein. In one embodiment, the AAV vector particle comprises an LK03 capsid protein. In other embodiments, the AAV vector particle comprises a ShH10, AAV-DJ, AAV2, AAV6.2, or AAV5 capsid protein. The AAV vector particle may comprise AAV3B, LK03, AAV9, ShH10, AAV-DJ, AAV2, AAV6.2, AAV5, or AAV8 capsid proteins VP1, VP2 and VP3. In some embodiments, the AAV vector particle comprises AAV3B or LK03 capsid proteins VP1, VP2 and VP3. In one embodiment, the AAV vector particle comprises LK03 capsid proteins VP1, VP2 and VP3. In other embodiments, the AAV vector particle comprises ShH10, AAV-DJ, AAV2, AAV6.2, or AAV5 capsid proteins VP1, VP2 and VP3. The AAV vector particle may comprise one or more AAV2 ITR sequences and AAV3B capsid proteins, LK03 capsid proteins, AAV9 capsid proteins, ShH10 capsid proteins, AAV- DJ capsid proteins, AAV2 capsid proteins, AAV6.2 capsid proteins, AAV5 capsid proteins, or AAV8 capsid proteins. In some embodiments, the AAV vector particle comprises one or more AAV2 ITR sequences and AAV3B or LK03 capsid proteins. In other embodiments, the AAV vector particle comprises one or more AAV2 ITR sequences and ShH10, AAV-DJ, AAV2, AAV6.2, or AAV5 capsid proteins. The AAV vector particle may have an AAV2 genome and AAV3B capsid proteins (AAV2 / 3B), an AAV2 genome and LK03 capsid proteins, an AAV2 genome and AAV9 capsid proteins (AAV2 / 9), an AAV2 genome and ShH10 capsid proteins, an AAV2 genome and AAV-DJ capsid proteins, an AAV2 genome and AAV2 capsid proteins, an AAV2 genome and AAV6.2 capsid proteins, an AAV2 genome and AAV5 capsid proteins, or an AAV2 genome and AAV8 capsid proteins (AAV2 / 8). The nomenclature AAVX / Y may denote a pseudotyped AAV, for example where the ITR sequences are from AAVX and flank a cassette harbouring a payload which is encapsidated into serotype AAVY (i.e. with AAVY capsid proteins). AAV3B serotype The AAV vector particle may comprise an AAV3B capsid protein. Suitably, the AAV vector particle may be encapsidated by AAV3B capsid proteins. Two distinct AAV3 isolates (AAV3A and AAV3B) have been cloned. In comparison with vectors based on other AAV serotypes, it is thought that AAV3 vectors inefficiently transduce most cell types. However, AAV3B may efficiently transduce podocytes. AA3B has been described in Rutledge, E.A., et al., 1998. Journal of virology, 72(1), pp.309-319. The AAV vector particle may comprise an AAV3B VP1 capsid protein, an AAV3B VP2 capsid protein, and / or an AAV3B VP3 capsid protein. Suitably, the AAV vector particle may be encapsidated by AAV3B VP1 capsid proteins, AAV3B VP2 capsid proteins, and / or AAV3B VP3 capsid proteins. Suitably, the AAV vector particle may be encapsidated by AAV3B VP1, VP2, and VP3 capsid proteins. Suitably, the AAV3B VP1 capsid protein may comprise or consist of the amino acid sequence shown as SEQ ID NO: 69, or a variant which is at least 90% identical to SEQ ID NO: 69. MAADGYLPDWLEDNLSEGIREWWALKPGVPQPKANQQHQDNRRGLVLPGYKYLGPGNGLDKG EPVNEADAAALEHDKAYDQQLKAGDNPYLKYNHADAEFQERLQEDTSFGGNLGRAVFQAKKR ILEPLGLVEEAAKTAPGKKRPVDQSPQEPDSSSGVGKSGKQPARKRLNFGQTGDSESVPDPQ PLGEPPAAPTSLGSNTMASGGGAPMADNNEGADGVGNSSGNWHCDSQWLGDRVITTSTRTWA LPTYNNHLYKQISSQSGASNDNHYFGYSTPWGYFDFNRFHCHFSPRDWQRLINNNWGFRPKK LSFKLFNIQVKEVTQNDGTTTIANNLTSTVQVFTDSEYQLPYVLGSAHQGCLPPFPADVFMV PQYGYLTLNNGSQAVGRSSFYCLEYFPSQMLRTGNNFQFSYTFEDVPFHSSYAHSQSLDRLM NPLIDQYLYYLNRTQGTTSGTTNQSRLLFSQAGPQSMSLQARNWLPGPCYRQQRLSKTANDN NNSNFPWTAASKYHLNGRDSLVNPGPAMASHKDDEEKFFPMHGNLIFGKEGTTASNAELDNV MITDEEEIRTTNPVATEQYGTVANNLQSSNTAPTTRTVNDQGALPGMVWQDRDVYLQGPIWA KIPHTDGHFHPSPLMGGFGLKHPPPQIMIKNTPVPANPPTTFSPAKFASFITQYSTGQVSVE IEWELQKENSKRWNPEIQYTSNYNKSVNVDFTVDTNGVYSEPRPIGTRYLTRNL Example AAV3B VP1 capsid protein (SEQ ID NO: 69) Suitably, the variant may be at least 95%, at least 96%, at least 97%, at least 98% or at least 99% identical to SEQ ID NO: 69. Suitably, the AAV3B VP2 and VP3 capsid proteins may be N-terminal truncations of SEQ ID NO: 69, or N-terminal truncations of a variant which is at least 90% identical, at least 95%, at least 96%, at least 97%, at least 98% or at least 99% identical to SEQ ID NO: 69. LK03 serotype The AAV vector particle may comprise an LK03 capsid protein. Suitably, the AAV vector particle may be encapsidated by LK03 capsid proteins. The AAV-LK03 cap sequence consists of fragments from seven different wild-type serotypes (AAV1, 2, 3B, 4, 6, 8, 9) and is described in Lisowski, L., et al., 2014. Nature, 506(7488), pp.382-386. The present inventors have demonstrated that AAV-LK03 vectors can achieve high transduction in human podocytes in vitro. The AAV vector particle may comprise an LK03 VP1 capsid protein, an LK03 VP2 capsid protein, and / or an LK03 VP3 capsid protein. Suitably, the AAV vector particle may be encapsidated by LK03 VP1 capsid proteins, LK03 VP2 capsid proteins, and / or LK03 VP3 capsid proteins. Suitably, the AAV vector particle may be encapsidated by LK03 VP1, VP2, and VP3 capsid proteins. Suitably, the LK03 VP1 capsid protein may comprise or consist of the amino acid sequence shown as SEQ ID NO: 70, or a variant which is at least 90% identical to SEQ ID NO: 70. MAADGYLPDWLEDNLSEGIREWWALQPGAPKPKANQQHQDNARGLVLPGYKYLGPGNGLDKG EPVNAADAAALEHDKAYDQQLKAGDNPYLKYNHADAEFQERLKEDTSFGGNLGRAVFQAKKR LLEPLGLVEEAAKTAPGKKRPVDQSPQEPDSSSGVGKSGKQPARKRLNFGQTGDSESVPDPQ PLGEPPAAPTSLGSNTMASGGGAPMADNNEGADGVGNSSGNWHCDSQWLGDRVITTSTRTWA LPTYNNHLYKQISSQSGASNDNHYFGYSTPWGYFDFNRFHCHFSPRDWQRLINNNWGFRPKK LSFKLFNIQVKEVTQNDGTTTIANNLTSTVQVFTDSEYQLPYVLGSAHQGCLPPFPADVFMV PQYGYLTLNNGSQAVGRSSFYCLEYFPSQMLRTGNNFQFSYTFEDVPFHSSYAHSQSLDRLM NPLIDQYLYYLNRTQGTTSGTTNQSRLLFSQAGPQSMSLQARNWLPGPCYRQQRLSKTANDN NNSNFPWTAASKYHLNGRDSLVNPGPAMASHKDDEEKFFPMHGNLIFGKEGTTASNAELDNV MITDEEEIRTTNPVATEQYGTVANNLQSSNTAPTTRTVNDQGALPGMVWQDRDVYLQGPIWA KIPHTDGHFHPSPLMGGFGLKHPPPQIMIKNTPVPANPPTTFSPAKFASFITQYSTGQVSVE IEWELQKENSKRWNPEIQYTSNYNKSVNVDFTVDTNGVYSEPRPIGTRYLTRPL Example LK03 VP1 capsid protein (SEQ ID NO: 70) Suitably, the variant may be at least 95%, at least 96%, at least 97%, at least 98% or at least 99% identical to SEQ ID NO: 70. Suitably, the LK03 VP2 and VP3 capsid proteins may be N-terminal truncations of SEQ ID NO: 70, or N-terminal truncations of a variant which is at least 90% identical, at least 95%, at least 96%, at least 97%, at least 98% or at least 99% identical to SEQ ID NO: 70. AAV9 serotype The AAV vector particle may comprise an AAV9 capsid protein. Suitably, the AAV vector particle may be encapsidated by AAV9 capsid proteins. The present inventors have demonstrated that AAV9 vectors can achieve high transduction in human podocytes in vivo. The AAV vector particle may comprise an AAV9 VP1 capsid protein, an AAV9 VP2 capsid protein, and / or an AAV9 VP3 capsid protein. Suitably, the AAV vector particle may be encapsidated by AAV9 VP1 capsid proteins, AAV9 VP2 capsid proteins, and / or AAV9 VP3 capsid proteins. Suitably, the AAV vector particle may be encapsidated by AAV9 VP1, VP2, and VP3 capsid proteins. Suitably, the AAV9 VP1 capsid protein may comprise or consist of the amino acid sequence shown as SEQ ID NO: 71, or a variant which is at least 90% identical to SEQ ID NO: 71. MAADGYLPDWLEDNLSEGIREWWALKPGAPQPKANQQHQDNARGLVLPGYKYLGPGNGLDKG EPVNAADAAALEHDKAYDQQLKAGDNPYLKYNHADAEFQERLKEDTSFGGNLGRAVFQAKKR LLEPLGLVEEAAKTAPGKKRPVEQSPQEPDSSAGIGKSGAQPAKKRLNFGQTGDTESVPDPQ PIGEPPAAPSGVGSLTMASGGGAPVADNNEGADGVGSSSGNWHCDSQWLGDRVITTSTRTWA LPTYNNHLYKQISNSTSGGSSNDNAYFGYSTPWGYFDFNRFHCHFSPRDWQRLINNNWGFRP KRLNFKLFNIQVKEVTDNNGVKTIANNLTSTVQVFTDSDYQLPYVLGSAHEGCLPPFPADVF MIPQYGYLTLNDGSQAVGRSSFYCLEYFPSQMLRTGNNFQFSYEFENVPFHSSYAHSQSLDR LMNPLIDQYLYYLSKTINGSGQNQQTLKFSVAGPSNMAVQGRNYIPGPSYRQQRVSTTVTQN NNSEFAWPGASSWALNGRNSLMNPGPAMASHKEGEDRFFPLSGSLIFGKQGTGRDNVDADKV MITNEEEIKTTNPVATESYGQVATNHQSAQAQAQTGWVQNQGILPGMVWQDRDVYLQGPIWA KIPHTDGNFHPSPLMGGFGMKHPPPQILIKNTPVPADPPTAFNKDKLNSFITQYSTGQVSVE IEWELQKENSKRWNPEIQYTSNYYKSNNVEFAVNTEGVYSEPRPIGTRYLTRNL Example AAV9 VP1 capsid protein (SEQ ID NO: 71) Suitably, the variant may be at least 95%, at least 96%, at least 97%, at least 98% or at least 99% identical to SEQ ID NO: 71. Suitably, the AAV9 VP2 and VP3 capsid proteins may be N-terminal truncations of SEQ ID NO: 71, or N-terminal truncations of a variant which is at least 90% identical, at least 95%, at least 96%, at least 97%, at least 98% or at least 99% identical to SEQ ID NO: 71. ShH10 serotype The AAV vector particle may comprise a ShH10 capsid protein. Suitably, the AAV vector particle may be encapsidated by ShH10 capsid proteins. The ShH10 variant is derived from AAV6 and has increased specificity and efficiency for Müller cells (see e.g. Klimczak, R.R., et al., 2009. PloS one, 4(10), p.e7467). The AAV vector particle may comprise a ShH10 VP1 capsid protein, a ShH10 VP2 capsid protein, and / or a ShH10 VP3 capsid protein. Suitably, the AAV vector particle may be encapsidated by ShH10 VP1 capsid proteins, ShH10 VP2 capsid proteins, and / or ShH10 VP3 capsid proteins. Suitably, the AAV vector particle may be encapsidated by ShH10 VP1, VP2, and VP3 capsid proteins. Suitably, the ShH10 VP1 capsid protein may comprise or consist of the amino acid sequence shown as SEQ ID NO: 72, or a variant which is at least 90% identical to SEQ ID NO: 72. MAADGYLPDWLEDNEGIREWWDLKPGAPLKSPKANQQKQDDGRGLVLPGYKYLGPFNGLDKG EPVNAADAAALEHDKAYDQQLKAGDNPYLRYNHADAEFQERLQEDTSFGGNLGRAVFQAKKR VLEPFGLVEEGAKTAPGKKRPVEQSPQEPDSSSGIGKTGQQPAKKRLNFGQTGDSESVPDPQ PLGEPPATPAAVGPTTMASGGGAPMADNNEGADGVGNASGNWHCDSTWLGDRVITTSTRTWA LPTYNNHLYKQISSASTGASNDNHYFGYSTPWGYFDFNRFHCHFSPRDWQRLINNNWGFRPK RLNFKLFNVQVKEVTTNDGVTTIANNLTSTVQVFSDSEYQLPYVLGSAHQGCLPPFPADVFM IPQYGYLTLNNGSQAVGRSSFYCLEYFPSQMLRTGNNFTFSYTFEDVPFHSSYAHSQSLDRL MNPLIDQYLYYLNRTQDQSGSAQNKDLLFSRGSPAGMSVQPKNWLPGPCYRQQRVSKTKTDN NNSNFTWTGASKYNLNGRESIINPGTAMASHKDDKNKFFPMSGVMIFGKESAGASNTALDNV MITDEEEIKATNPVATERFGTVAVNLQSSSTDPATGDVHVMGALPGMVWQDRDVYLQGPIWA KIPHTDGHFHPSPLMGGFGLKNPPPQILIKNTPVPANPPAEFSATKFASFITQYSTGQVSVE IEWELQKENSKRWNPEVQYTSNYAKSANVDFTVDNNGLYTEPRPIGTRYLTRPL Example ShH10 VP1 capsid protein (SEQ ID NO: 72) Suitably, the variant may be at least 95%, at least 96%, at least 97%, at least 98% or at least 99% identical to SEQ ID NO: 72. Suitably, the ShH10 VP2 and VP3 capsid proteins may be N-terminal truncations of SEQ ID NO: 72, or N-terminal truncations of a variant which is at least 90% identical, at least 95%, at least 96%, at least 97%, at least 98% or at least 99% identical to SEQ ID NO: 72. AAV-DJ serotype The AAV vector particle may comprise an AAV-DJ capsid protein. Suitably, the AAV vector particle may be encapsidated by AAV-DJ capsid proteins. AAV-DJ is a hybrid vector created from DNA shuffling of eight AAV serotypes, which mediates efficient gene expression both in vitro and in vivo (see e.g. Mao, Y., et al., 2016. BMC biotechnology, 16, pp.1-8). The AAV vector particle may comprise an AAV-DJ VP1 capsid protein, an AAV-DJ VP2 capsid protein, and / or an AAV-DJ VP3 capsid protein. Suitably, the AAV vector particle may be encapsidated by AAV-DJ VP1 capsid proteins, AAV-DJ VP2 capsid proteins, and / or AAV- DJ VP3 capsid proteins. Suitably, the AAV vector particle may be encapsidated by AAV-DJ VP1, VP2, and VP3 capsid proteins. Suitably, the AAV-DJ VP1 capsid protein may comprise or consist of the amino acid sequence shown as SEQ ID NO: 73, or a variant which is at least 90% identical to SEQ ID NO: 73. MAADGYLPDWLEDTLSEGIRQWWKLKPGPPPPKPAERHKDDSRGLVLPGYKYLGPFNGLDKG EPVNEADAAALEHDKAYDRQLDSGDNPYLKYNHADAEFQERLKEDTSFGGNLGRAVFQAKKR LLEPLGLVEEAAKTAPGKKRPVEHSPVEPDSSSGTGKAGQQPARKRLNFGQTGDADSVPDPQ PIGEPPAAPSGVGSLTMAAGGGAPMADNNEGADGVGNSSGNWHCDSTWMGDRVITTSTRTWA LPTYNNHLYKQISNSTSGGSSNDNAYFGYSTPWGYFDFNRFHCHFSPRDWQRLINNNWGFRP KRLSFKLFNIQVKEVTQNEGTKTIANNLTSTIQVFTDSEYQLPYVLGSAHQGCLPPFPADVF MIPQYGYLTLNNGSQAVGRSSFYCLEYFPSQMLKTGNNFQFTYTFEDVPFHSSYAHSQSLDR LMNPLIDQYLYYLSRTQTTGGTTNTQTLGFSQGGPNTMANQAKNWLPGPCYRQQRVSKTSAD NNNSEYSWTGATKYHLNGRDSLVNPGPAMASHKDDEEKFFPQSGVLIFGKQGSEKTNVDIEK VMITDEEEIRTTNPVATEQYGSVSTNLQRGNRQAATADVNTQGVLPGMVWQDRDVYLQGPIW AKIPHTDGHFHPSPLMGGFGLKHPPPQILIKNTPVPADPPTTFNQSKLNSFITQYSTGQVSV EIEWELQKENSKRWNPEIQYTSNYYKSTSVDFAVNTEGVYSEPRPIGTRYLTRNL Example AAV-DJ VP1 capsid protein (SEQ ID NO: 73) Suitably, the variant may be at least 95%, at least 96%, at least 97%, at least 98% or at least 99% identical to SEQ ID NO: 73. Suitably, the AAV-DJ VP2 and VP3 capsid proteins may be N-terminal truncations of SEQ ID NO: 73, or N-terminal truncations of a variant which is at least 90% identical, at least 95%, at least 96%, at least 97%, at least 98% or at least 99% identical to SEQ ID NO: 73. AAV2 serotype The AAV vector particle may comprise an AAV2 capsid protein. Suitably, the AAV vector particle may be encapsidated by AAV2 capsid proteins. The AAV vector particle may comprise an AAV2 VP1 capsid protein, an AAV2 VP2 capsid protein, and / or an AAV2 VP3 capsid protein. Suitably, the AAV vector particle may be encapsidated by AAV2 VP1 capsid proteins, AAV2 VP2 capsid proteins, and / or AAV2 VP3 capsid proteins. Suitably, the AAV vector particle may be encapsidated by AAV2 VP1, VP2, and VP3 capsid proteins. Suitably, the AAV2 VP1 capsid protein may comprise or consist of the amino acid sequence shown as SEQ ID NO: 74, or a variant which is at least 90% identical to SEQ ID NO: 74. MAADGYLPDWLEDTLSEGIRQWWKLKPGPPPPKPAERHKDDSRGLVLPGYKYLGPFNGLDKG EPVNEADAAALEHDKAYDRQLDSGDNPYLKYNHADAEFQERLKEDTSFGGNLGRAVFQAKKR VLEPLGLVEEPVKTAPGKKRPVEHSPVEPDSSSGTGKAGQQPARKRLNFGQTGDADSVPDPQ PLGQPPAAPSGLGTNTMATGSGAPMADNNEGADGVGNSSGNWHCDSTWMGDRVITTSTRTWA LPTYNNHLYKQISSQSGASNDNHYFGYSTPWGYFDFNRFHCHFSPRDWQRLINNNWGFRPKR LNFKLFNIQVKEVTQNDGTTTIANNLTSTVQVFTDSEYQLPYVLGSAHQGCLPPFPADVFMV PQYGYLTLNNGSQAVGRSSFYCLEYFPSQMLRTGNNFTFSYTFEDVPFHSSYAHSQSLDRLM NPLIDQYLYYLSRTNTPSGTTTQSRLQFSQAGASDIRDQSRNWLPGPCYRQQRVSKTSADNN NSEYSWTGATKYHLNGRDSLVNPGPAMASHKDDEEKFFPQSGVLIFGKQGSEKTNVDIEKVM ITDEEEIRTTNPVATEQYGSVSTNLQRGNRQAATADVNTQGVLPGMVWQDRDVYLQGPIWAK IPHTDGHFHPSPLMGGFGLKHPPPQILIKNTPVPANPSTTFSAAKFASFITQYSTGQVSVEI EWELQKENSKRWNPEIQYTSNYNKSVNRGLTVDTNGVYSEPRPIGTRYLTRNL Example AAV2 VP1 capsid protein (SEQ ID NO: 74) Suitably, the variant may be at least 95%, at least 96%, at least 97%, at least 98% or at least 99% identical to SEQ ID NO: 74. Suitably, the AAV2 VP2 and VP3 capsid proteins may be N-terminal truncations of SEQ ID NO: 74, or N-terminal truncations of a variant which is at least 90% identical, at least 95%, at least 96%, at least 97%, at least 98% or at least 99% identical to SEQ ID NO: 74. AAV6.2 serotype The AAV vector particle may comprise an AAV6.2 capsid protein. Suitably, the AAV vector particle may be encapsidated by AAV6.2 capsid proteins. The AAV6.2 vector mutant was created by mutating the phenyalanine (F) residue at position 129 in AAV6 to leucine (L) (see e.g. Limberis, M.P., et al., 2009. Molecular Therapy, 17(2), pp.294-301). The AAV vector particle may comprise an AAV6.2 VP1 capsid protein, an AAV6.2 VP2 capsid protein, and / or an AAV6.2 VP3 capsid protein. Suitably, the AAV vector particle may be encapsidated by AAV6.2 VP1 capsid proteins, AAV6.2 VP2 capsid proteins, and / or AAV6.2 VP3 capsid proteins. Suitably, the AAV vector particle may be encapsidated by AAV6.2 VP1, VP2, and VP3 capsid proteins. Suitably, the AAV6.2 VP1 capsid protein may comprise or consist of the amino acid sequence shown as SEQ ID NO: 75, or a variant which is at least 90% identical to SEQ ID NO: 75. MAADGYLPDWLEDNLSEGIREWWDLKPGAPKPKANQQKQDDGRGLVLPGYKYLGPFNGLDKG EPVNAADAAALEHDKAYDQQLKAGDNPYLRYNHADAEFQERLQEDTSFGGNLGRAVFQAKKR VLEPLGLVEEGAKTAPGKKRPVEQSPQEPDSSSGIGKTGQQPAKKRLNFGQTGDSESVPDPQ PLGEPPATPAAVGPTTMASGGGAPMADNNEGADGVGNASGNWHCDSTWLGDRVITTSTRTWA LPTYNNHLYKQISSASTGASNDNHYFGYSTPWGYFDFNRFHCHFSPRDWQRLINNNWGFRPK RLNFKLFNIQVKEVTTNDGVTTIANNLTSTVQVFSDSEYQLPYVLGSAHQGCLPPFPADVFM IPQYGYLTLNNGSQAVGRSSFYCLEYFPSQMLRTGNNFTFSYTFEDVPFHSSYAHSQSLDRL MNPLIDQYLYYLNRTQNQSGSAQNKDLLFSRGSPAGMSVQPKNWLPGPCYRQQRVSKTKTDN NNSNFTWTGASKYNLNGRESIINPGTAMASHKDDKDKFFPMSGVMIFGKESAGASNTALDNV MITDEEEIKATNPVATERFGTVAVNLQSSSTDPATGDVHVMGALPGMVWQDRDVYLQGPIWA KIPHTDGHFHPSPLMGGFGLKHPPPQILIKNTPVPANPPAEFSATKFASFITQYSTGQVSVE IEWELQKENSKRWNPEVQYTSNYAKSANVDFTVDNNGLYTEPRPIGTRYLTRPL Example AAV6.2 VP1 capsid protein (SEQ ID NO: 75) Suitably, the variant may be at least 95%, at least 96%, at least 97%, at least 98% or at least 99% identical to SEQ ID NO: 75. Suitably, the AAV6.2 VP2 and VP3 capsid proteins may be N-terminal truncations of SEQ ID NO: 75, or N-terminal truncations of a variant which is at least 90% identical, at least 95%, at least 96%, at least 97%, at least 98% or at least 99% identical to SEQ ID NO: 75. AAV5 serotype The AAV vector particle may comprise an AAV5 capsid protein. Suitably, the AAV vector particle may be encapsidated by AAV5 capsid proteins. The AAV vector particle may comprise an AAV5 VP1 capsid protein, an AAV5 VP2 capsid protein, and / or an AAV5 VP3 capsid protein. Suitably, the AAV vector particle may be encapsidated by AAV5 VP1 capsid proteins, AAV5 VP2 capsid proteins, and / or AAV5 VP3 capsid proteins. Suitably, the AAV vector particle may be encapsidated by AAV5 VP1, VP2, and VP3 capsid proteins. Suitably, the AAV5 VP1 capsid protein may comprise or consist of the amino acid sequence shown as SEQ ID NO: 76, or a variant which is at least 90% identical to SEQ ID NO: 76. MSFVDHPPDWLEEVGEGLREFLGLEAGPPKPKPNQQHQDQARGLVLPGYNYLGPGNGLDRGE PVNRADEVAREHDISYNEQLEAGDNPYLKYNHADAEFQEKLADDTSFGGNLGKAVFQAKKRV LEPFGLVEEGAKTAPTGKRIDDHFPKRKKARTEEDSKPSTSSDAEAGPSGSQQLQIPAQPAS SLGADTMSAGGGGPLGDNNQGADGVGNASGDWHCDSTWMGDRVVTKSTRTWVLPSYNNHQYR EIKSGSVDGSNANAYFGYSTPWGYFDFNRFHSHWSPRDWQRLINNYWGFRPRSLRVKIFNIQ VKEVTVQDSTTTIANNLTSTVQVFTDDDYQLPYVVGNGTEGCLPAFPPQVFTLPQYGYATLN RDNTENPTERSSFFCLEYFPSKMLRTGNNFEFTYNFEEVPFHSSFAPSQNLFKLANPLVDQY LYRFVSTNNTGGVQFNKNLAGRYANTYKNWFPGPMGRTQGWNLGSGVNRASVSAFATTNRME LEGASYQVPPQPNGMTNNLQGSNTYALENTMIFNSQPANPGTTATYLEGNMLITSESETQPV NRVAYNVGGQMATNNQSSTTAPATGTYNLQEIVPGSVWMERDVYLQGPIWAKIPETGAHFHP SPAMGGFGLKHPPPMMLIKNTPVPGNITSFSDVPVSSFITQYSTGQVTVEMEWELKKENSKR WNPEIQYTNNYNDPQFVDFAPDSTGEYRTTRPIGTRYLTRPL Example AAV5 VP1 capsid protein (SEQ ID NO: 76) Suitably, the variant may be at least 95%, at least 96%, at least 97%, at least 98% or at least 99% identical to SEQ ID NO: 76. Suitably, the AAV5 VP2 and VP3 capsid proteins may be N-terminal truncations of SEQ ID NO: 76, or N-terminal truncations of a variant which is at least 90% identical, at least 95%, at least 96%, at least 97%, at least 98% or at least 99% identical to SEQ ID NO: 76. Other viral vectors Retroviral and lentiviral vectors The vector of the present invention may be a retroviral vector or a lentiviral vector. The vector of the present invention may be a retroviral vector particle or a lentiviral vector particle. A retroviral vector may be derived from or may be derivable from any suitable retrovirus. A large number of different retroviruses have been identified. Examples include murine leukaemia virus (MLV), human T-cell leukaemia virus (HTLV), mouse mammary tumour virus (MMTV), Rous sarcoma virus (RSV), Fujinami sarcoma virus (FuSV), Moloney murine leukaemia virus (Mo-MLV), FBR murine osteosarcoma virus (FBR MSV), Moloney murine sarcoma virus (Mo-MSV), Abelson murine leukaemia virus (A-MLV), avian myelocytomatosis virus-29 (MC29) and avian erythroblastosis virus (AEV). Retroviruses may be broadly divided into two categories, “simple” and “complex”. Retroviruses may be even further divided into seven groups. Five of these groups represent retroviruses with oncogenic potential. The remaining two groups are the lentiviruses and the spumaviruses. The basic structure of retrovirus and lentivirus genomes share many common features such as a 5’ LTR and a 3’ LTR. Between or within these are located a packaging signal to enable the genome to be packaged, a primer binding site, integration sites to enable integration into a host cell genome, and gag, pol and env genes encoding the packaging components – these are polypeptides required for the assembly of viral particles. Lentiviruses have additional features, such as rev and RRE sequences in HIV, which enable the efficient export of RNA transcripts of the integrated provirus from the nucleus to the cytoplasm of an infected target cell. In the provirus, these genes are flanked at both ends by regions called long terminal repeats (LTRs). The LTRs are responsible for proviral integration and transcription. LTRs also serve as enhancer-promoter sequences and can control the expression of the viral genes. The LTRs themselves are identical sequences that can be divided into three elements: U3, R and U5. U3 is derived from the sequence unique to the 3’ end of the RNA. R is derived from a sequence repeated at both ends of the RNA. U5 is derived from the sequence unique to the 5’ end of the RNA. The sizes of the three elements can vary considerably among different retroviruses. In a defective retroviral vector genome gag, pol and env may be absent or not functional. In a typical retroviral vector, at least part of one or more protein coding regions essential for replication may be removed from the virus. This makes the viral vector replication-defective. Portions of the viral genome may also be replaced by a library encoding candidate modulating moieties operably linked to a regulatory control region and a reporter moiety in the vector genome in order to generate a vector comprising candidate modulating moieties which is capable of transducing a target host cell and / or integrating its genome into a host genome. Lentivirus vectors are part of the larger group of retroviral vectors. In brief, lentiviruses can be divided into primate and non-primate groups. Examples of primate lentiviruses include but are not limited to human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), the causative agent of human acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS); and simian immunodeficiency virus (SIV). Examples of non-primate lentiviruses include the prototype “slow virus” visna / maedi virus (VMV), as well as the related caprine arthritis-encephalitis virus (CAEV), equine infectious anaemia virus (EIAV), and the more recently described feline immunodeficiency virus (FIV) and bovine immunodeficiency virus (BIV). The lentivirus family differs from retroviruses in that lentiviruses have the capability to infect both dividing and non-dividing cells. In contrast, other retroviruses, such as MLV, are unable to infect non-dividing or slowly dividing cells such as those that make up, for example, muscle, brain, lung and liver tissue. A lentiviral vector, as used herein, is a vector which comprises at least one component part derivable from a lentivirus. Preferably, that component part is involved in the biological mechanisms by which the vector infects cells, expresses genes or is replicated. The lentiviral vector may be a “primate” vector. The lentiviral vector may be a “non-primate” vector (i.e. derived from a virus which does not primarily infect primates, especially humans). Examples of non-primate lentiviruses may be any member of the family of lentiviridae which does not naturally infect a primate. As examples of lentivirus-based vectors, HIV-1- and HIV-2-based vectors are described below. The HIV-1 vector contains cis-acting elements that are also found in simple retroviruses. It has been shown that sequences that extend into the gag open reading frame are important for packaging of HIV-1. Therefore, HIV-1 vectors often contain the relevant portion of gag in which the translational initiation codon has been mutated. In addition, most HIV-1 vectors also contain a portion of the env gene that includes the RRE. Rev binds to RRE, which permits the transport of full-length or singly spliced mRNAs from the nucleus to the cytoplasm. In the absence of Rev and / or RRE, full-length HIV-1 RNAs accumulate in the nucleus. Alternatively, a constitutive transport element from certain simple retroviruses such as Mason-Pfizer monkey virus can be used to relieve the requirement for Rev and RRE. Efficient transcription from the HIV-1 LTR promoter requires the viral protein Tat. Most HIV-2-based vectors are structurally very similar to HIV-1 vectors. Similar to HIV-1- based vectors, HIV-2 vectors also require RRE for efficient transport of the full-length or singly spliced viral RNAs. Preferably, the viral vector used in the present invention has a minimal viral genome. By “minimal viral genome” it is to be understood that the viral vector has been manipulated so as to remove the non-essential elements and to retain the essential elements in order to provide the required functionality to infect, transduce and deliver a nucleotide sequence of interest to a target host cell. Further details of this strategy can be found in WO 1998 / 017815. Preferably, the plasmid vector used to produce the viral genome within a host cell / packaging cell will have sufficient lentiviral genetic information to allow packaging of an RNA genome, in the presence of packaging components, into a viral particle which is capable of infecting a target cell, but is incapable of independent replication to produce infectious viral particles within the final target cell. Preferably, the vector lacks a functional gag-pol and / or env gene and / or other genes essential for replication. However, the plasmid vector used to produce the viral genome within a host cell / packaging cell will also include transcriptional regulatory control sequences operably linked to the lentiviral genome to direct transcription of the genome in a host cell / packaging cell. These regulatory sequences may be the natural sequences associated with the transcribed viral sequence (i.e. the 5’ U3 region), or they may be a heterologous promoter, such as another viral promoter (e.g. the CMV promoter). The vectors may be self-inactivating (SIN) vectors in which the viral enhancer and promoter sequences have been deleted. SIN vectors can be generated and transduce non-dividing cells in vivo with an efficacy similar to that of wild-type vectors. The transcriptional inactivation of the long terminal repeat (LTR) in the SIN provirus should prevent mobilisation by replication-competent virus. This should also enable the regulated expression of genes from internal promoters by eliminating any cis-acting effects of the LTR. The vectors may be integration-defective. Integration defective lentiviral vectors (IDLVs) can be produced, for example, either by packaging the vector with catalytically inactive integrase (such as an HIV integrase bearing the D64V mutation in the catalytic site) or by modifying or deleting essential att sequences from the vector LTR, or by a combination of the above. Adenoviral vectors The vector of the present invention may be an adenoviral vector. The vector of the present invention may be an adenoviral vector particle. The adenovirus is a double-stranded, linear DNA virus that does not go through an RNA intermediate. There are over 50 different human serotypes of adenovirus divided into 6 subgroups based on the genetic sequence homology. The natural targets of adenovirus are the respiratory and gastrointestinal epithelia, generally giving rise to only mild symptoms. Serotypes 2 and 5 (with 95% sequence homology) are most commonly used in adenoviral vector systems and are normally associated with upper respiratory tract infections in the young. Adenoviruses have been used as vectors for gene therapy and for expression of heterologous genes. The large (36 kb) genome can accommodate up to 8 kb of foreign insert DNA and is able to replicate efficiently in complementing cell lines to produce very high titres of up to 1012. Adenovirus is thus one of the best systems to study the expression of genes in primary non-replicative cells. The expression of viral or foreign genes from the adenovirus genome does not require a replicating cell. Adenoviral vectors enter cells by receptor mediated endocytosis. Once inside the cell, adenovirus vectors rarely integrate into the host chromosome. Instead, they function episomally (independently from the host genome) as a linear genome in the host nucleus. Hence, the use of recombinant adenovirus alleviates the problems associated with random integration into the host genome. Herpes simplex viral vector The vector of the present invention may be a herpes simplex viral vector. The vector of the present invention may be a herpes simplex viral vector particle. Herpes simplex virus (HSV) is a neurotropic DNA virus with favorable properties as a gene delivery vector. HSV is highly infectious, so HSV vectors are efficient vehicles for the delivery of exogenous genetic material to cells. Viral replication is readily disrupted by null mutations in immediate early genes that in vitro can be complemented in trans enabling straightforward production of high-titre pure preparations of non-pathogenic vector. The genome is large (152 Kb) and many of the viral genes are dispensable for replication in vitro, allowing their replacement with large or multiple transgenes. Latent infection with wild-type virus results in episomal viral persistence in sensory neuronal nuclei for the duration of the host lifetime. The vectors are non-pathogenic, unable to reactivate and persist long-term. The latency active promoter complex can be exploited in vector design to achieve long-term stable transgene expression in the nervous system. HSV vectors transduce a broad range of tissues because of the wide expression pattern of the cellular receptors recognized by the virus. Increasing understanding of the processes involved in cellular entry has allowed targeting the tropism of HSV vectors. Other viral vectors Other suitable viral vectors include those described in Lundstrom, K., 2018. Diseases, 6(2), p.42. The vector of the present invention may be an alphaviral vector. The vector of the present invention may be an alphaviral vector particle. The vector of the present invention may be a flaviviral vector. The vector of the present invention may be a flaviviral vector particle. Self-amplifying ssRNA viruses comprise of alphaviruses (e.g. Semliki Forest virus, Sindbis virus, Venezuelan equine encephalitis virus, and M1) and flaviviruses (e.g. Kunjin virus, West Nile virus, and Dengue virus) possessing a genome of positive polarity. Alphaviruses have been mainly applied in preclinical gene therapy studies for cancer treatment. Alphavirus vectors can be delivered in the form of naked RNA, layered plasmid DNA vectors and recombinant replication-deficient or -proficient particles. The vector of the present invention may be a rhabdoviral vector. The vector of the present invention may be a rhabdoviral vector particle. The vector of the present invention may be a measles viral vector. The vector of the present invention may be a measles viral vector particle. Rhabdoviruses (e.g. rabies and vesicular stomatitis virus) and measles viruses carry negative strand genomes. Among rhabdoviruses, recombinant vesicular stomatitis virus (VSV) has been applied for preclinical gene therapy studies. Measles viruses (e.g. MV-Edm) have found a number of gene therapy applications. The vector of the present invention may be a Newcastle disease viral vector. The vector of the present invention may be a Newcastle disease viral vector particle. The ssRNA paramyxovirus Newcastle disease virus (NDV) replicates specifically in tumour cells and has therefore been frequently applied for cancer gene therapy. The vector of the present invention may be a poxviral vector. The vector of the present invention may be a poxviral vector particle. The characteristic feature of poxviruses is their dsDNA genome, which can generously accommodate more than 30 kb of foreign DNA. Poxviruses have found several applications as gene therapy vectors. For instance, vaccinia virus vectors have demonstrated potential for treatment of cancer. Vaccinia virus is large enveloped poxvirus that has an approximately 190 kb linear, double-stranded DNA genome. Vaccinia virus can accommodate up to approximately 25 kb of foreign DNA, which also makes it useful for the delivery of large genes. A number of attenuated vaccinia virus strains are known in the art that are suitable for gene therapy applications, for example the MVA and NYVAC strains. The vector of the present invention may be a picornaviral vector. The vector of the present invention may be a picornaviral vector particle. Picornoviruses are non-enveloped ssRNA viruses. Coxsackieviruses belonging to Picornaviridae, have been applied as oncolytic vectors. Variants, derivatives, homologues and fragments In addition to the specific proteins and nucleotides mentioned herein, the invention also encompasses variants, derivatives, homologues and fragments thereof. In the context of the invention, a “variant” of any given sequence is a sequence in which the specific sequence of residues (whether amino acid or nucleic acid residues) has been modified in such a manner that the polypeptide or polynucleotide in question retains at least one or all of its endogenous functions. A variant sequence can be obtained by addition, deletion, substitution, modification, replacement and / or variation of at least one residue present in the given sequence. The term “derivative” as used herein in relation to proteins or polypeptides of the invention includes any substitution of, variation of, modification of, replacement of, deletion of and / or addition of one (or more) amino acid residues from or to the sequence, providing that the resultant protein or polypeptide retains at least one or all of its endogenous functions. Typically, amino acid substitutions may be made, for example from 1, 2 or 3, to 10 or 20 substitutions, provided that the modified sequence retains the required activity or ability. Amino acid substitutions may include the use of non-naturally occurring analogues. Polypeptides used in the invention may also have deletions, insertions or substitutions of amino acid residues which produce a silent change and result in a functionally equivalent protein. Deliberate amino acid substitutions may be made on the basis of similarity in polarity, charge, solubility, hydrophobicity, hydrophilicity and / or the amphipathic nature of the residues as long as the endogenous function is retained. For example, negatively charged amino acids include aspartic acid and glutamic acid; positively charged amino acids include lysine and arginine; and amino acids with uncharged polar head groups having similar hydrophilicity values include asparagine, glutamine, serine, threonine and tyrosine. Conservative substitutions may be made, for example according to the table below. Amino acids in the same block in the second column and preferably in the same line in the third column may be substituted for each other: ALIPHATIC Non-polar G A P I L V Polar - uncharged C S T M N Q Polar - charged D E K R H AROMATIC F W Y The effect of additions, deletions, substitutions, modifications, replacements and / or variations may be predicted using any suitable prediction tool e.g. SIFT (Vaser, R., et al., 2016. Nature protocols, 11(1), pp.1-9), PolyPhen-2 (Adzhubei, I., et al., 2013. Current protocols in human genetics, 76(1), pp.7-20), CADD (Rentzsch, P., et al., 2021. Genome medicine, 13(1), pp.1-12), REVEL (Ioannidis, N.M., et al., 2016. The American Journal of Human Genetics, 99(4), pp.877-885), MetaLR (Dong, C., et al., 2015. Human molecular genetics, 24(8), pp.2125-2137), and / or MutationAssessor (Reva, B., et al., 2011. Nucleic acids research, 39(17), pp.e118-e118) or based on clinical data e.g. ClinVar (Landrum, M.J., et al., 2016. Nucleic acids research, 44(D1), pp.D862-D868). Suitable additions, deletions, substitutions, modifications, replacements and / or variations may be considered tolerated, benign, and / or likely benign. In the present context, a variant sequence is taken to include an amino acid sequence which may be at least 50%, at least 55%, at least 60%, at least 65%, at least 70%, at least 75%, at least 80%, at least 85% or at least 90% identical, suitably at least 95%, at least 96%, at least 97%, at least 98% or at least 99% identical to the subject sequence. Although a variant can also be considered in terms of similarity (i.e. amino acid residues having similar chemical properties / functions), in the context of the present invention it is preferred to express it in terms of sequence identity. In the present context, a variant sequence is taken to include a nucleotide sequence which may be at least 50%, at least 55%, at least 60%, at least 65%, at least 70%, at least 75%, at least 80%, at least 85% or at least 90% identical, suitably at least 95%, at least 96%, at least 97%, at least 98% or at least 99% identical to the subject sequence. Although a variant can also be considered in terms of similarity, in the context of the present invention it is preferred to express it in terms of sequence identity. The term “homologue” as used herein means a variant having a certain similarity with the wild type amino acid sequence or the wild type nucleotide sequence, e.g. having at least 50%, at least 55%, at least 60%, at least 65%, at least 70%, at least 75%, at least 80%, at least 85% or at least 90% similarity, suitably at least 95%, at least 96%, at least 97%, at least 98% or at least 99% similarity to the subject sequence. Suitably, reference to a sequence which has a percent identity to any one of the SEQ ID NOs detailed herein refers to a sequence which has the stated percent identity over the entire length of the SEQ ID NO referred to. Sequence identity comparisons can be conducted by eye, or more usually, with the aid of readily available sequence comparison programs. These commercially available computer programs can calculate percent identity between two or more sequences. Percent identity may be calculated over contiguous sequences, i.e. one sequence is aligned with the other sequence and each amino acid or nucleotide in one sequence is directly compared with the corresponding amino acid or nucleotide in the other sequence, one residue at a time. This is called an “ungapped” alignment. Typically, such ungapped alignments are performed only over a relatively short number of residues. Although this is a very simple and consistent method, it fails to take into consideration that, for example, in an otherwise identical pair of sequences, one insertion or deletion in the amino acid or nucleotide sequence may cause the following residues or codons to be put out of alignment, thus potentially resulting in a large reduction in percent identity when a global alignment is performed. Consequently, most sequence comparison methods are designed to produce optimal alignments that take into consideration possible insertions and deletions without penalising unduly the overall identity score. This is achieved by inserting “gaps” in the sequence alignment to try to maximise local identity. However, these more complex methods assign “gap penalties” to each gap that occurs in the alignment so that, for the same number of identical amino acids or nucleotides, a sequence alignment with as few gaps as possible, reflecting higher relatedness between the two compared sequences, will achieve a higher score than one with many gaps. “Affine gap costs” are typically used that charge a relatively high cost for the existence of a gap and a smaller penalty for each subsequent residue in the gap. This is the most commonly used gap scoring system. High gap penalties will produce optimised alignments with fewer gaps. Most alignment programs allow the gap penalties to be modified. However, it is preferred to use the default values when using such software for sequence comparisons. For example when using the GCG Wisconsin Bestfit package the default gap penalty for amino acid sequences is -12 for a gap and -4 for each extension. Calculation of maximum percent identity therefore firstly requires the production of an optimal alignment, taking into consideration gap penalties. A suitable computer program for carrying out such an alignment is the GCG Wisconsin Bestfit package (see e.g. Devereux, J., et al., 1984. Nucleic acids research, 12(1), pp.387-395). Examples of other software that can perform sequence comparisons include, but are not limited to, the BLAST package (see e.g. Altschul, S.F., et al., 1990. Journal of molecular biology, 215(3), pp.403-410), BLAST 2 (see e.g. Tatusova, T.A. and Madden, T.L., 1999. FEMS microbiology letters, 174(2), pp.247-250), FASTA (see e.g. Pearson, W.R. and Lipman, D.J., 1988. PNAS, 85(8), pp.2444-2448.), EMBOSS Needle (Madeira, F., et al., 2019. Nucleic acids research, 47(W1), pp.W636-W641) and the GENEWORKS suite of comparison tools. For some applications, it is preferred to use EMBOSS Needle. Although the final percent identity can be measured, the alignment process itself is typically not based on an all-or-nothing pair comparison. Instead, a scaled similarity score matrix is generally used that assigns scores to each pairwise comparison based on chemical similarity or evolutionary distance. An example of such a matrix commonly used is the BLOSUM62 matrix. Once the software has produced an optimal alignment, it is possible to calculate percent sequence identity. The software typically does this as part of the sequence comparison and generates a numerical result. The percent sequence identity may be calculated as the number of identical residues as a percentage of the total residues in the SEQ ID NO referred to. The term “fragment” as used herein refers to a variant sequence that is a portion of a full- length polypeptide or polynucleotide. Fragments are typically selected regions of the polypeptide or polynucleotide that is of interest either functionally or, for example, in an assay. Such variants, derivatives, homologues and fragments may be prepared using standard recombinant DNA techniques such as site-directed mutagenesis. Where insertions are to be made, synthetic DNA encoding the insertion together with 5’ and 3’ flanking regions corresponding to the naturally-occurring sequence either side of the insertion site may be made. The flanking regions will contain convenient restriction sites corresponding to sites in the naturally-occurring sequence so that the sequence may be cut with the appropriate enzyme(s) and the synthetic DNA ligated into the cut. The DNA is then expressed in accordance with the invention to make the encoded protein. These methods are only illustrative of the numerous standard techniques known in the art for manipulation of DNA sequences and other known techniques may also be used. Cells In one aspect, the present invention provides a cell comprising the regulatory element, polynucleotide, or vector (e.g. AAV vector) of the invention. The cell may be any cell type known in the prior art. The cell may be an isolated cell. The cell may be a human cell, suitably an isolated human cell. Suitably, the cell may be a kidney cell or glomerular cell, for example a podocyte. Suitably, the cell may be an immortalized kidney cell or glomerular cell, for example an immortalized podocyte. Suitable podocyte cell lines will be well known to those of skill in the art, for example CIHP-1. Methods to generate immortalized podocytes will be well known to those of skill in the art. Suitable methods are described in Ni, L., et al., 2012. Nephrology, 17(6), pp.525-531. Suitably, the cell may be a producer cell. The term “producer cell” includes a cell that produces viral particles, after transient transfection, stable transfection or vector transduction of all the elements necessary to produce the viral particles or any cell engineered to stably comprise the elements necessary to produce the viral particles. In some embodiments, the producer cell is an AAV producer cell. Suitable producer cells will be known to those of skill in the art (see e.g. Martin, J., et al.2013. Human gene therapy methods, 24(4), pp.253-269) and may include HEK293, COS-1, COS-7, CV-1, HeLa, CHO, and A549 cell lines. In some embodiments, the producer cell is a HEK293 cell, or a derivative thereof (e.g. a HEK293T cell). Suitably, the cell may be a packaging cell. The term “packaging cell” includes a cell which contains some or all of the elements necessary for packaging a recombinant virus genome. Typically, such packaging cells contain one or more vectors which are capable of expressing viral structural proteins (e.g. AAV rep and cap genes) and / or one or more genes encoding the viral structural proteins have been integrated into the genome of the packaging cell. Cells comprising only some of the elements required for the production of enveloped viral particles are useful as intermediate reagents in the generation of viral particle producer cell lines, through subsequent steps of transient transfection, transduction or stable integration of each additional required element. These intermediate reagents are encompassed by the term “packaging cell”. In some embodiments, the packaging cell is an AAV packaging cell. Suitable packaging cells will be known to those of skill in the art (see e.g. Martin, J., et al. 2013. Human gene therapy methods, 24(4), pp.253-269). Vectors, kits, and systems In one aspect, wherein the vector is a viral vector, the present invention provides a vector encoding the viral genome of the present invention. The vector may be a transfer vector, as described herein. For example, the vector may be a plasmid and / or the viral genome may be operably linked to a promoter (e.g. a viral promoter, such as a CMV promoter). In one aspect, the present invention provides a kit or system for producing the vector (e.g. viral vector) of the present invention. The kit or system may be a virus packaging kit or system or a virus production kit or system. As used herein, a “virus packaging kit or system” may comprise one or more components, and optionally instructions, for packaging the viral vector of the present invention. As used herein, a “virus production kit or system” may comprise one or more components, and optionally instructions, for producing the viral vector of the present invention. The kit or system may comprise a transfer vector encoding the viral genome of the present invention and optionally one or more helper vectors. The kit or system may further comprise host cells (e.g. packaging cells or producer cells) and / or other reagents (e.g. transfection reagent, culture medium, etc.). The kit or system may further comprise any other suitable components, and optionally instructions for packaging and / or producing the viral vector of the present invention. In some embodiments, the kit is for production of AAV vector particles and comprises a plasmid encoding the AAV genome of the present invention, and one or more helper plasmids encoding AAV replication and capsid proteins. Pharmaceutical compositions In one aspect, the present invention provides a pharmaceutical composition comprising the polynucleotide, vector, or cell according to the present invention. Preferably, the vector is a viral vector (e.g. an AAV vector particle). A pharmaceutical composition is a composition that comprises or consists of a therapeutically effective amount of a pharmaceutically active agent i.e. the AAV vector. It preferably includes a pharmaceutically acceptable carrier, diluent or excipient (including combinations thereof). By “pharmaceutically acceptable” is included that the formulation is sterile and pyrogen free. The carrier, diluent, and / or excipient must be “acceptable” in the sense of being compatible with the vector and not deleterious to the recipients thereof. Typically, the carriers, diluents, and excipients will be saline or infusion media which will be sterile and pyrogen free; however, other acceptable carriers, diluents, and excipients may be used. Acceptable carriers, diluents, and excipients for therapeutic use are well known in the pharmaceutical art. The choice of pharmaceutical carrier, excipient or diluent can be selected with regard to the intended route of administration and standard pharmaceutical practice. The pharmaceutical compositions may comprise as - or in addition to - the carrier, excipient or diluent any suitable binder(s), lubricant(s), suspending agent(s), coating agent(s) or solubilising agent(s). Examples of pharmaceutically acceptable carriers include, for example, water, salt solutions, alcohol, silicone, waxes, petroleum jelly, vegetable oils, polyethylene glycols, propylene glycol, liposomes, sugars, gelatin, lactose, amylose, magnesium stearate, talc, surfactants, silicic acid, viscous paraffin, perfume oil, fatty acid monoglycerides and diglycerides, petroethral fatty acid esters, hydroxymethyl-cellulose, polyvinylpyrrolidone, and the like. The vector, cell, or pharmaceutical composition according to the present invention may be administered in a mann...

Claims

CLAIMS 1. A regulatory element comprising a fragment of a spliceosomal intron, wherein the regulatory element comprises a branch point sequence, a polypyrimidine tract, and a 3’ splice acceptor site, and wherein the regulatory element does not comprise a 5’ splice donor site.

2. The regulatory element according to claim 1, wherein the spliceosomal intron is a rabbit beta globin intron or a variant thereof having at least 80% sequence identity thereto.

3. The regulatory element according to claim 1 or 2, wherein the spliceosomal intron is the rabbit beta globin intron I or a variant thereof having at least 80% sequence identity thereto.

4. The regulatory element according to any preceding claim, wherein the branch point sequence comprises or consists of the nucleotide sequence YTNAY.

5. The regulatory element according to any preceding claim, wherein the polypyrimidine tract comprises or consists of (Y)n2, where n2=10 to 20.

6. The regulatory element according to any preceding claim, wherein the 3’ splice acceptor site comprises or consists of the nucleotide sequence YAGG.

7. The regulatory element according to any preceding claim, wherein the 5’ splice donor site comprises or consists of the nucleotide sequence GTRAGT.

8. The regulatory element according to any preceding claim, wherein the regulatory element has a length of 25 nucleotides or more, 30 nucleotides or more, 35 nucleotides or more, 40 nucleotides or more, 50 nucleotides or more, 60 nucleotides or more, 70 nucleotides or more, 80 nucleotides or more, 90 nucleotides or more, or 100 nucleotides or more.

9. The regulatory element according to any preceding claim, wherein the regulatory element has a length of 120 nucleotides or less.

10. The regulatory element according to any preceding claim, wherein the regulatory element comprises or consists of the nucleotide sequence (N)xYTNAY(N)n1(Y)n2(N)n3YAGG, wherein x = 10 to 100, n1 = 2 to 22, wherein n2 = 10 to 20, and wherein n1 + n2 + n3 = 15 to 40.

11. The regulatory element according to any preceding claim, wherein the regulatory element comprises or consists of a nucleotide sequence having 80% or more, 85% or more, 90% or more, 91% or more, 92% or more, 93% or more, 94% or more, 95% or more, 96% ormore, 97% or more, 98% or more, 99% or more, or 100% sequence identity to SEQ ID NO:

5.

12. The regulatory element according to any preceding claim, wherein the regulatory element comprises or consists of a nucleotide sequence having 80% or more, 85% or more, 90% or more, 91% or more, 92% or more, 93% or more, 94% or more, 95% or more, 96% or more, 97% or more, 98% or more, 99% or more, or 100% sequence identity to SEQ ID NO:

6.

13. The regulatory element according to any preceding claim, wherein the regulatory element consists of a nucleotide sequence having 90% or more sequence identity to SEQ ID NO:

6.

14. The regulatory element according to any preceding claim, wherein the regulatory element consists of a nucleotide sequence having 95% or more sequence identity to SEQ ID NO:

6.

15. The regulatory element according to any preceding claim, wherein the regulatory element consists of a nucleotide sequence having 99% or more sequence identity to SEQ ID NO:

6.

16. The regulatory element according to any preceding claim, wherein the regulatory element consists of the nucleotide sequence of SEQ ID NO:

6.

17. The regulatory element according to any preceding claim, wherein the regulatory element acts post-transcriptionally.

18. The regulatory element according to any preceding claim, wherein the regulatory element increases expression of a protein from a protein-coding sequence downstream thereof.

19. An isolated polynucleotide comprising a nucleotide sequence having at least 90% sequence identity to SEQ ID NO: 40 or 93.

20. An isolated polynucleotide comprising a nucleotide sequence having at least 90% sequence identity to SEQ ID NO:

41.

21. An isolated polynucleotide comprising a nucleotide sequence having at least 90% sequence identity to SEQ ID NO: 42.

22. An isolated polynucleotide comprising a nucleotide sequence having at least 90% sequence identity to SEQ ID NO:

43.

23. The polynucleotide according to any of claims 19 to 22, wherein the nucleotide sequence is operably linked to a protein-coding sequence.

24. An isolated polynucleotide comprising the regulatory element according to any of claims 1 to 18.

25. The polynucleotide according to claim 24, wherein the regulatory element is operably linked to a protein-coding sequence.

26. The polynucleotide according to claim 24 or 25, wherein the regulatory element is operably linked to a promoter, preferably a kidney-specific promoter.

27. The polynucleotide according to any of claims 24 to 26, wherein the polynucleotide comprises a kidney-specific promoter, the regulatory element, and a protein-coding sequence.

28. An isolated polynucleotide comprising a kidney-specific promoter, a regulatory element, and a protein-coding sequence, wherein the regulatory element comprises a spliceosomal intron or a fragment thereof comprising a branch point sequence, a polypyrimidine tract, and a 3’ splice acceptor site.

29. The polynucleotide according to claim 28, wherein the spliceosomal intron is a rabbit beta globin intron or a variant thereof having at least 80% sequence identity thereto.

30. The polynucleotide according to claim 28 or 29, wherein the spliceosomal intron is the rabbit beta globin intron I or a variant thereof having at least 80% sequence identity thereto.

31. The polynucleotide according to any of claims 28 to 30, wherein the regulatory element is defined according to any of claims 1 to 18.

32. The polynucleotide according to any of claims 23 to 31, wherein the protein-coding sequence encodes a polypeptide associated with a kidney disease.

33. The polynucleotide according to any of claims 23 to 32, wherein the protein-coding sequence encodes a NPHS2, CFI, CFH, FHL-1, COL4A3, COL4A4, COL4A5, C1INH, C4BP, MASP2, C3, C5aR1, C5, C5a, CD55, CD35, CD46, CD59, vitronectin, clusterin, ADCK4, ALG1, ARHGAP24, ARGHDIA, CD151, CD2AP, COQ2, COQ6, DGKE, E2F3, EMP2, KANK2, LAGE3, LMNA, LMX1B, MAF B, NUP85, NUP93, NXF5, OSGEP, PAX2,PDSS2, PMM2, PODXL, SCARB2, SGPL1, Smad7, TP53RK, TPRKB, VDR, WDR73, WT1, ZMPSTE24, APOL1, NPHS1, TRPC6, NUP107, NUP133, NUP160, ACTN4, INF2, ANKFY1, ANLN, CRB2, ITGA3, KANK1, KANK4, MAGI2, MYO1E, OCRL, PTPRO, SMARCAL1, SYNPO, TBC1D8B, XPO5, TNS2, NLRP3, or VEGFC polypeptide.

34. The polynucleotide according to any of claims 24 to 33, wherein the kidney-specific promoter is a podocyte-specific promoter.

35. The polynucleotide according to any of claims 24 to 34, wherein the kidney-specific promoter is a NPHS1 or a NPHS2 promoter.

36. The polynucleotide according to any of claims 24 to 35, wherein the kidney-specific promoter is a minimal NPHS1 promoter or a minimal NPHS2 promoter.

37. The polynucleotide according to any of claims 24 to 36, wherein the kidney-specific promoter comprises or consists of a nucleotide sequence having 80% or more, 85% or more, 90% or more, 91% or more, 92% or more, 93% or more, 94% or more, 95% or more, 96% or more, 97% or more, 98% or more, 99% or more, or 100% sequence identity to SEQ ID NO:

35.

38. The polynucleotide according to any of claims 23 to 37, wherein the polynucleotide comprises a Woodchuck hepatitis post-transcriptional regulatory element (WPRE).

39. The polynucleotide according to any of claims 23 to 38, wherein the polynucleotide comprises a polyadenylation sequence.

40. The polynucleotide according to any of claims 23 to 39, wherein the polynucleotide comprises a 5’ ITR and / or a 3’ ITR, preferably wherein the 5’ ITR comprises or consists of a nucleotide sequence having 80% or more, 85% or more, 90% or more, 91% or more, 92% or more, 93% or more, 94% or more, 95% or more, 96% or more, 97% or more, 98% or more, 99% or more, or 100% sequence identity to SEQ ID NO: 89; and / or the 3’ ITR comprises or consists of a nucleotide sequence having 80% or more, 85% or more, 90% or more, 91% or more, 92% or more, 93% or more, 94% or more, 95% or more, 96% or more, 97% or more, 98% or more, 99% or more, or 100% sequence identity to SEQ ID NO:

90.

41. A vector comprising the polynucleotide according to any of claims 19 to 40.

42. The vector according to claim 41, wherein the vector is capable of transducing kidney cells, optionally wherein the vector is capable of specifically transducing kidney cells, further optionally wherein the vector is capable of specifically transducing podocytes.

43. The vector according to claim 41 or 42, wherein the vector is a viral vector, such as an adeno-associated virus (AAV) vector, a lentiviral vector, a retroviral vector, an adenoviral vector, an adeno-associated viral vector, a herpes simplex viral vector, an alphaviral vector, a flaviviral vector, a rhabdoviral vector, a measles viral vector, a Newcastle disease viral vector, a poxviral vector, and a picornaviral vector, preferably wherein the vector is an AAV vector.

44. The vector according to any of claims 41 to 43, wherein the vector is in the form of a viral vector particle, preferably wherein the viral vector is in the form of an AAV vector particle.

45. The vector according to any of claims 41 to 44, wherein the vector is the form of an AAV vector particle encapsidated by LK03, AAV3B, AAV9, ShH10, AAV-DJ, AAV2, AAV6.2, or AAV5 capsid proteins.

46. The vector according to claim 41, wherein the vector is a plasmid.

47. A kit for production of AAV vector particles comprising, a vector according to claim 46, and one or more helper plasmids encoding AAV replication and capsid proteins.

48. An isolated cell comprising the polynucleotide according to any of claims 19 to 40, or the vector according to any of claims 41 to 46.

49. The cell according to claim 48, wherein the cell is a packaging cell.

50. A pharmaceutical composition comprising the polynucleotide according to any of claims 19 to 40, the vector according to any of claims 41 to 45, or the cell according to claim 48.

51. A polynucleotide according to any of claims 19 to 40, a vector according to any of claims 41 to 45, a cell according to claim 48, or a pharmaceutical composition according to claim 50, for use as a medicament.

52. Use of a polynucleotide according to any of claims 19 to 40, a vector according to any of claims 41 to 45, a cell according to claim 48, or a pharmaceutical composition according to claim 50, for the manufacture of a medicament.

53. A polynucleotide according to any of claims 19 to 40, a vector according to any of claims 41 to 45, a cell according to claim 48, or a pharmaceutical composition according to claim 50, for use in preventing and / or treating a kidney disease.

54. Use of a polynucleotide according to any of claims 19 to 40, a vector according to any of claims 41 to 45, a cell according to claim 48, or a pharmaceutical composition according toclaim 50, for the manufacture of a medicament for preventing and / or treating a kidney disease.

55. A method of preventing and / or treating a kidney disease comprising administering a polynucleotide according to any of claims 19 to 40, a vector according to any of claims 41 to 45, a cell according to claim 48, or a pharmaceutical composition according to claim 50, to a subject in need thereof.

56. Use of a regulatory element according to any of claims 1 to 18 to increase expression of a polypeptide from a protein-coding sequence.

57. A method of increasing expression of a polypeptide from a protein-coding sequence, the method comprising introducing a regulatory element according to any of claims 1 to 18 upstream of the protein-coding sequence.

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