Wireless communications via relay user equipments
Patent Information
- Authority / Receiving Office
- EP · EP
- Patent Type
- Applications
- Current Assignee / Owner
- QUALCOMM INC
- Filing Date
- 2023-07-14
- Publication Date
- 2026-05-20
AI Technical Summary
Current wireless communication systems lack an efficient method for determining which type of message is needed to activate a target relay user equipment (UE) for indirect communication links, particularly in scenarios where the UE may need to configure a Signaling Radio Bearer 1 (SRB1) message.
A method where a first user equipment (UE) establishes a direct communication link with a wireless communication device and receives capabilities from second UEs to support indirect communication links. The first UE then sends an indication to the wireless communication device of the capable second UEs, which responds with a selected UE based on its capabilities. This selected UE is used for the indirect communication link, and the configuration for the SRB1 message is determined accordingly.
This method reduces computing resources, memory requirements, latency, and power consumption by allowing the UE and wireless communication device to configure the indirect communication link based on the capabilities of the relay UE, thereby avoiding unnecessary message configurations.
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Figure CN2023107358_23012025_PF_FP_ABST
Abstract
Description
WIRELESS COMMUNICATIONS VIA RELAY USER EQUIPMENTSTECHNICAL FIELD
[0001] This application relates to wireless communication systems, and more particularly, to wireless communications between a user equipment (UE) and other wireless communication devices via relay UEs.
[0002] INTRODUCTION
[0003] Wireless communications systems are widely deployed to provide various types of communication content such as voice, video, packet data, messaging, broadcast, and so on. These systems may be capable of supporting communication between a wireless communication device and a UE via a direct communication link (e.g., sending a message via a Uu interface) . After establishing a wireless communication between the wireless communication device and the UE via the direct communication link, an indirect communication link using another UE as a relay (e.g., applying Layer-2 UE-to-Network Relay protocol for the indirect communication link) can be added. However, under current approaches, the UE and the wireless communication device do not know which type (s) of message (s) may need to be sent to activate the target relay UE, including whether a configuration for a Signaling Radio Bearer 1 (SRB1) message may be needed or not.
[0004] BRIEF SUMMARY OF SOME EXAMPLES
[0005] The following summarizes some aspects of the present disclosure to provide a basic understanding of the discussed technology. This summary is not an extensive overview of all contemplated features of the disclosure and is intended neither to identify key or critical elements of all aspects of the disclosure nor to delineate the scope of any or all aspects of the disclosure. Its sole purpose is to present some concepts of one or more aspects of the disclosure in summary form as a prelude to the more detailed description that is presented later.
[0006] In an aspect of the disclosure, a method of wireless communication performed by a first user equipment (UE) may include establishing, with a wireless communication device, a direct communication link; receiving, from one or more second UEs, a capability of supporting an indirect communication link between the first UE and the wireless communication device as a relay; sending, to the wireless communication device, an indication of the one or more second UEs to serve as the relay, wherein the indication comprises the capability of supporting the indirect communication link of the one or more second UEs; receiving, from the wireless communication device, a response of a selected second UE of the one or more second UEs as the relay based on the capability of supporting the indirect communication link of the one or more second UEs; and communicating, with the wireless communication device, a wireless communication via the indirect communication link using the selected second UE.
[0007] In an additional aspect of the disclosure, a method of wireless communication performed by a first UE may include establishing, with a wireless communication device, a direct communication link; receiving, from a third entity, an indication of one or more second UEs to serve as a relay for an indirect communication link between the first UE and the wireless communication device; and based on the indication, communicating, with the wireless communication device, a wireless communication via the indirect communication link using a selected second UE of the one or more second UEs.
[0008] In an additional aspect of the disclosure, a first UE may include at least one memory; at least one transceiver; and at least one processor in communication with the at least one memory and the at least one transceiver, wherein the first UE is configured to:establish, with a wireless communication device, a direct communication link; receive, from one or more second UEs, a capability of supporting an indirect communication link between the first UE and the wireless communication device as a relay; send, to the wireless communication device, an indication of the one or more second UEs to serve as the relay, wherein the indication comprises the capability of supporting the indirect communication link of the one or more second UEs; receive, from the wireless communication device, a response of a selected second UE of the one or more second UEs as the relay based on the capability of supporting the indirect communication link of the one or more second UEs; and communicate, with the wireless communication device, a wireless communication via the indirect communication link using the selected second UE.
[0009] In an additional aspect of the disclosure, a first UE may include at least one memory; at least one transceiver; and at least one processor in communication with the at least one memory and the at least one transceiver, wherein the first UE is configured to: establish, with a wireless communication device, a direct communication link; receive, from a third entity, an indication of one or more second UEs to serve as a relay for an indirect communication link between the first UE and the wireless communication device; and based on the indication, communicate, with the wireless communication device, a wireless communication via the indirect communication link using a selected second UE of the one or more second UEs.
[0010] Other aspects, features, and instances of the present invention will become apparent to those of ordinary skill in the art, upon reviewing the following description of specific, exemplary instances of the present invention in conjunction with the accompanying figures. While features of the present invention may be discussed relative to certain aspects and figures below, all instances of the present invention may include one or more of the advantageous features discussed herein. In other words, while one or more instances may be discussed as having certain advantageous features, one or more of such features may also be used in accordance with the various instances of the invention discussed herein. In similar fashion, while exemplary aspects may be discussed below as device, system, or method instances it should be understood that such exemplary instances may be implemented in various devices, systems, and methods.BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
[0011] FIG. 1 illustrates a wireless communication network according to some aspects of the present disclosure.
[0012] FIG. 2 illustrates an example disaggregated base station architecture according to some aspects of the present disclosure.
[0013] FIG. 3 illustrates an example wireless communication between a network unit and a user equipment according to some aspects of the present disclosure.
[0014] FIG. 4 is a signal flow diagram of a communication method according to some aspects of the present disclosure.
[0015] FIG. 5 is a signal flow diagram of a communication method according to some aspects of the present disclosure.
[0016] FIG. 6 is a block diagram of an exemplary user equipment (UE) according to some aspects of the present disclosure.
[0017] FIG. 7 is a block diagram of an exemplary network unit according to some aspects of the present disclosure.
[0018] FIG. 8 is a flow diagram of a communication method according to some aspects of the present disclosure.
[0019] FIG. 9 is a flow diagram of a communication method according to some aspects of the present disclosure.DETAILED DESCRIPTION
[0020] The detailed description set forth below, in connection with the appended drawings, is intended as a description of various configurations and is not intended to represent the only configurations in which the concepts described herein may be practiced. The detailed description includes specific details for the purpose of providing a thorough understanding of the various concepts. However, it will be apparent to those skilled in the art that these concepts may be practiced without these specific details. In some instances, well-known structures and components are shown in block diagram form in order to avoid obscuring such concepts.
[0021] This disclosure relates generally to wireless communications systems, also referred to as wireless communications networks. In various instances, the techniques and apparatus may be used for wireless communication networks such as code division multiple access (CDMA) networks, time division multiple access (TDMA) networks, frequency division multiple access (FDMA) networks, orthogonal FDMA (OFDMA) networks, single-carrier FDMA (SC-FDMA) networks, LTE networks, GSM networks, 5th Generation (5G) or new radio (NR) networks, as well as other communications networks. As described herein, the terms “networks” and “systems” may be used interchangeably.
[0022] An OFDMA network may implement a radio technology such as evolved UTRA (E-UTRA) , Institute of Electrical and Electronic Engineers (IEEE) 802.11, IEEE 802.16, IEEE 802.20, flash-OFDM and the like. UTRA, E-UTRA, and Global System for Mobile Communications (GSM) are part of universal mobile telecommunication system (UMTS) . In particular, long term evolution (LTE) is a release of UMTS that uses E-UTRA. UTRA, E-UTRA, GSM, UMTS and LTE are described in documents provided from an organization named “3rd Generation Partnership Project” (3GPP) , and cdma2000 is described in documents from an organization named “3rd Generation Partnership Project 2” (3GPP2) . These various radio technologies and standards are known or are being developed. For example, the 3rd Generation Partnership Project (3GPP) is a collaboration between groups of telecommunications associations that aims to define a globally applicable third generation (3G) mobile phone specification. 3GPP long term evolution (LTE) is a 3GPP project which was aimed at improving the universal mobile telecommunications system (UMTS) mobile phone standard. The 3GPP may define specifications for the next generation of mobile networks, mobile systems, and mobile devices. The present disclosure is concerned with the evolution of wireless technologies from LTE, 4G, 5G, NR, and beyond with shared access to wireless spectrum between networks using a collection of new and different radio access technologies or radio air interfaces.
[0023] In particular, 5G networks contemplate diverse deployments, diverse spectrum, and diverse services and devices that may be implemented using an OFDM-based unified, air interface. In order to achieve these goals, further enhancements to LTE and LTE-A are considered in addition to development of the new radio technology for 5G NR networks. The 5G NR will be capable of scaling to provide coverage (1) to a massive Internet of things (IoTs) with an ultra-high density (e.g., ~1M nodes / km2) , ultra-low complexity (e.g., ~10s of bits / sec) , ultra-low energy (e.g., ~10+ years of battery life) , and deep coverage with the capability to reach challenging locations; (2) including mission-critical control with strong security to safeguard sensitive personal, financial, or classified information, ultra-high reliability (e.g., ~99.9999%reliability) , ultra-low latency (e.g., ~ 1 ms) , and users with wide ranges of mobility or lack thereof; and (3) with enhanced mobile broadband including extreme high capacity (e.g., ~ 10 Tbps / km2) , extreme data rates (e.g., multi-Gbps rate, 100+ Mbps user experienced rates) , and deep awareness with advanced discovery and optimizations.
[0024] The 5G NR may be implemented to use optimized OFDM-based waveforms with scalable numerology and transmission time interval (TTI) ; having a common, flexible framework to efficiently multiplex services and features with a dynamic, low-latency time division duplex (TDD) / frequency division duplex (FDD) design; and with advanced wireless technologies, such as massive multiple input, multiple output (MIMO) , robust millimeter wave (mmWave) transmissions, advanced channel coding, and device-centric mobility. Scalability of the numerology in 5G NR, with scaling of subcarrier spacing, may efficiently address operating diverse services across diverse spectrum and diverse deployments. For example, in various outdoor and macro coverage deployments of less than 3GHz FDD / TDD implementations, subcarrier spacing may occur with 15 kHz, for example over 5, 10, 20 MHz, and the like bandwidth (BW) . For other various outdoor and small cell coverage deployments of TDD greater than 3 GHz, subcarrier spacing may occur with 30 kHz over 80 / 100 MHz BW. For other various indoor wideband implementations, using a TDD over the unlicensed portion of the 5 GHz band, the subcarrier spacing may occur with 60 kHz over a 160 MHz BW. Finally, for various deployments transmitting with mmWave components at a TDD of 28 GHz, subcarrier spacing may occur with 120 kHz over a 500MHz BW.
[0025] The scalable numerology of the 5G NR facilitates scalable TTI for diverse latency and quality of service (QoS) requirements. For example, shorter TTI may be used for low latency and high reliability, while longer TTI may be used for higher spectral efficiency. The efficient multiplexing of long and short TTIs to allow transmissions to start on symbol boundaries. 5G NR also contemplates a self-contained integrated subframe design with uplink / downlink scheduling information, data, and acknowledgement in the same subframe. The self-contained integrated subframe supports communications in unlicensed or contention-based shared spectrum, adaptive uplink / downlink that may be flexibly configured on a per-cell basis to dynamically switch between uplink and downlink to meet the current traffic needs.
[0026] Various other aspects and features of the disclosure are further described below. It should be apparent that the teachings herein may be embodied in a wide variety of forms and that any specific structure, function, or both being disclosed herein is merely representative and not limiting. Based on the teachings herein one of an ordinary level of skill in the art should appreciate that an aspect disclosed herein may be implemented independently of any other aspects and that two or more of these aspects may be combined in various ways. For example, an apparatus may be implemented or a method may be practiced using any number of the aspects set forth herein. In addition, such an apparatus may be implemented or such a method may be practiced using other structure, functionality, or structure and functionality in addition to or other than one or more of the aspects set forth herein. For example, a method may be implemented as part of a system, device, apparatus, and / or as instructions stored on a computer readable medium for execution on a processor or computer. Furthermore, an aspect may include at least one element of a claim.
[0027] The deployment of NR over an unlicensed spectrum is referred to as NR-unlicensed (NR-U) . Federal Communications Commission (FCC) and European Telecommunications Standards Institute (ETSI) are working on regulating 6 GHz as a new unlicensed band for wireless communications. The addition of 6 GHz bands allows for hundreds of megahertz (MHz) of bandwidth (BW) available for unlicensed band communications. Additionally, NR-U may also be deployed over 2.4 GHz unlicensed bands, which are currently shared by various radio access technologies (RATs) , such as IEEE 802.11 wireless local area network (WLAN) or WiFi and / or license assisted access (LAA) . Sidelink communications may benefit from utilizing the additional bandwidth available in an unlicensed spectrum. However, channel access in a certain unlicensed spectrum may be regulated by authorities. For instance, some unlicensed bands may impose restrictions on the power spectral density (PSD) and / or minimum occupied channel bandwidth (OCB) for transmissions in the unlicensed bands. For example, the unlicensed national information infrastructure (UNII) radio band has a minimum OCB requirement of about at least 70 percent (%) .
[0028] Some sidelink systems may operate over a 20 MHz bandwidth, e.g., for listen before talk (LBT) based channel accessing, in an unlicensed band. A BS may configure a sidelink resource pool over one or multiple 20 MHz LBT sub-bands for sidelink communications. A sidelink resource pool is typically allocated with multiple frequency subchannels within a sidelink band width part (SL-BWP) and a sidelink UE may select a sidelink resource (e.g., one or multiple subchannel) in frequency and one or multiple slots in time) from the sidelink resource pool for sidelink communication.
[0029] Deployment of communication systems, such as 5G new radio (NR) systems, may be arranged in multiple manners with various components or constituent parts. In a 5G NR system, or network, a network node, a network entity, a mobility element of a network, a radio access network (RAN) node, a core network node, a network element, or a network equipment, such as a base station (BS) , or one or more units (or one or more components) performing base station functionality, may be implemented in an aggregated or disaggregated architecture. For example, a BS (such as a Node B (NB) , evolved NB (eNB) , NR BS, 5G NB, access point (AP) , a transmit receive point (TRP) , or a cell, etc. ) may be implemented as an aggregated base station (also known as a standalone BS or a monolithic BS) or a disaggregated base station.
[0030] An aggregated base station may be configured to utilize a radio protocol stack that is physically or logically integrated within a single RAN node. A disaggregated base station may be configured to utilize a protocol stack that is physically or logically distributed among two or more units (such as one or more central or centralized units (CUs) , one or more distributed units (DUs) , or one or more radio units (RUs) ) . In some aspects, a CU may be implemented within a RAN node, and one or more DUs may be co-located with the CU, or alternatively, may be geographically or virtually distributed throughout one or multiple other RAN nodes. The DUs may be implemented to communicate with one or more RUs. Each of the CU, DU and RU also may be implemented as virtual units, i.e., a virtual central unit (VCU) , a virtual distributed unit (VDU) , or a virtual radio unit (VRU) .
[0031] Base station-type operation or network design may consider aggregation characteristics of base station functionality. For example, disaggregated base stations may be utilized in an integrated access backhaul (IAB) network, an open radio access network (O-RAN (such as the network configuration sponsored by the O-RAN Alliance) ) , or a virtualized radio access network (vRAN, also known as a cloud radio access network (C-RAN) ) . Disaggregation may include distributing functionality across two or more units at various physical locations, as well as distributing functionality for at least one unit virtually, which may enable flexibility in network design. The various units of the disaggregated base station, or disaggregated RAN architecture, may be configured for wired or wireless communication with at least one other unit.
[0032] During an indirect communication link addition to an existing communication between the wireless communication device and the UE, a target relay UE may be in IDLE and / or Inactive state. To trigger the target relay UE to enter connected state, (1) the UE may send a radio resource control (RRC) Reconfiguration Complete message over sidelink-radio link control one (SL-RLC1) channel to the target relay UE to enter connected state, and / or (2) the UE may send a PC5-RRC message to the target relay UE and indicate the target relay UE to enter connected state.
[0033] However, if the target relay UE does not support the PC5-RRC message approach, then the UE may need to send a SL-RLC1 message to the target Relay UE for entering connected state based on a configuration associated with a Signaling Radio Bearer 1 (SRB1) message for the indirect communication link, which may be provided by the wireless communication device. Further, if the target relay UE supports the PC5-RRC message, the UE may send the PC5-RRC message to the target Relay UE for entering connected state, such that the wireless communication device does not need to provide a configuration associated with the SRB1 message for the indirect communication link.
[0034] Particular aspects of the subject matter described in this disclosure may be implemented to realize one or more of the following potential advantages. Some aspects more specifically relate to a wireless communication between a wireless communication (e.g., a base station) and a first UE via an indirect communication link, and the indirect communication link is via at least one another UE (e.g., a second UE that is not the first UE that has been established a direct communication with the wireless communication device) indicated by the wireless communication device or the first UE as a relay. The described techniques may be used to reduce computing resources, memory requirements, latency, and / or power consumption in the first UE and / or the wireless communication device by configuring the first UE based on a capability of the second UE (e.g., a capability of supporting a PC5-RRC message) . In some examples, when adding an indirect communication link between the first UE and the wireless communication device using another UE as a relay, the first UE (e.g., a remote UE) may report candidate second UEs (e.g., relay UEs) to the wireless communication device (e.g., a base station) , the wireless communication device may determine whether a configuration associated with the SRB1 message for the indirect communication link is needed based on a capability of a target second UE (e.g., a UE that is going to be used as a relay) supporting the PC5-RRC message.
[0035] Additionally or alternatively, the first UE may be configured corresponding to a type of the second UE (e.g., UEs that are candidate relay UEs to be reported) . For example, the first UE may be configured by the wireless communication device (e.g., gNB indicating the first UE using a Uu-RRC message) , by a core network (e.g., the core network indicating the first UE using authorization message) , or by policy pre-configuration (e.g., configuration included in a relay service code that is applicable to the indirect communication link) . Furthermore, the first UE may select a target UE as a relay corresponding to the configuration provided by the wireless communication device. As such, both of the first UE and the wireless communication device may establish an indirect communication link via a relay UE efficiently by not sending an incorrect / redundant message to activate the relay UE, or without unnecessarily configuring the first UE for the indirect communication link.
[0036] Various other aspects and features of the disclosure are further described below. It should be apparent that the teachings herein may be embodied in a wide variety of forms and that any specific structure, function, or both being disclosed herein is merely representative and not limiting. Based on the teachings herein one of an ordinary level of skill in the art should appreciate that an aspect disclosed herein may be implemented independently of any other aspects and that two or more of these aspects may be combined in various ways. For example, an apparatus may be implemented or a method may be practiced using any number of the aspects set forth herein. In addition, such an apparatus may be implemented or such a method may be practiced using other structure, functionality, or structure and functionality in addition to or other than one or more of the aspects set forth herein. For example, a method may be implemented as part of a system, device, apparatus, and / or as instructions stored on a computer readable medium for execution on a processor or computer. Furthermore, an aspect may include at least one element of a claim.
[0037] FIG. 1 illustrates a wireless communication network 100 according to some aspects of the present disclosure. The network 100 includes a number of base stations (BSs) 105 and other network entities. In some aspects, a BS 105 may be interchangeable with a network node, and not limited to base stations. A BS 105 may be a station that communicates with UEs 115 and may also be referred to as an evolved node B (eNB) , a next generation eNB (gNB) , an access point, and the like. In some aspects, the BS 105 may communicate with a UE 115 via a direct communication link. In some aspects, the BS 105 may communicate with the UE via an indirect communication link via another UE 115 as a relay. In this case, the relay UE 115 may include a group of UEs 115. Each BS 105 may provide communication coverage for a particular geographic area. In 3GPP, the term “cell” may refer to this particular geographic coverage area of a BS 105 and / or a BS subsystem serving the coverage area, depending on the context in which the term is used.
[0038] A BS 105 may provide communication coverage for a macro cell or a small cell, such as a pico cell or a femto cell, and / or other types of cell. A macro cell generally covers a relatively large geographic area (e.g., several kilometers in radius) and may allow unrestricted access by UEs with service subscriptions with the network provider. A small cell, such as a pico cell, would generally cover a relatively smaller geographic area and may allow unrestricted access by UEs with service subscriptions with the network provider. A small cell, such as a femto cell, would also generally cover a relatively small geographic area (e.g., a home) and, in addition to unrestricted access, may also provide restricted access by UEs having an association with the femto cell (e.g., UEs in a closed subscriber group (CSG) , UEs for users in the home, and the like) . A BS for a macro cell may be referred to as a macro BS. A BS for a small cell may be referred to as a small cell BS, a pico BS, a femto BS or a home BS. In the example shown in FIG. 1, the BSs 105d and 105e may be regular macro BSs, while the BSs 105a-105c may be macro BSs enabled with one of three dimension (3D) , full dimension (FD) , or massive MIMO. The BSs 105a-105c may take advantage of their higher dimension MIMO capabilities to exploit 3D beamforming in both elevation and azimuth beamforming to increase coverage and capacity. The BS 105f may be a small cell BS which may be a home node or portable access point. A BS 105 may support one or multiple (e.g., two, three, four, and the like) cells.
[0039] The network 100 may support synchronous or asynchronous operation. For synchronous operation, the BSs may have similar frame timing, and transmissions from different BSs may be approximately aligned in time. For asynchronous operation, the BSs may have different frame timing, and transmissions from different BSs may not be aligned in time.
[0040] The UEs 115 may be dispersed throughout the wireless network 100, and each UE 115 may be stationary or mobile. A UE 115 may also be referred to as a terminal, a mobile station, a subscriber unit, a station, or the like. A UE 115 may be a cellular phone, a personal digital assistant (PDA) , a wireless modem, a wireless communication device, a handheld device, a tablet computer, a laptop computer, a cordless phone, a wireless local loop (WLL) station, or the like. The UEs 115a-115d are examples of mobile smart phone-type devices accessing network 100. A UE 115 may also be a machine specifically configured for connected communication, including machine type communication (MTC) , enhanced MTC (eMTC) , narrowband IoT (NB-IoT) and the like. The UEs 115e-115h are examples of various machines configured for communication that access the network 100. The IoT devices may include one or more sensors and be configured for communication with a BS 105 and / or a UE 115. The UEs 115i-115k are examples of vehicles equipped with wireless communication devices configured for communication that access the network 100. A UE 115 may be able to communicate with any type of the BSs, whether macro BS, small cell, or the like. In FIG. 1, a lightning bolt (e.g., communication links) indicates wireless transmissions between devices. For example, a lightning bolt mat indicate wireless transmissions between a UE 115 and a serving BS 105, which is a BS designated to serve the UE 115 on the downlink (DL) and / or uplink (UL) , desired transmission between BSs 105, backhaul transmissions between BSs, or sidelink transmissions between UEs 115.
[0041] In operation, the BSs 105a-105c may serve the UEs 115a and 115b using 3D beamforming and coordinated spatial techniques, such as coordinated multipoint (CoMP) or multi-connectivity. The macro BS 105d may perform backhaul communications with the BSs 105a-105c, as well as small cell, the BS 105f. The macro BS 105d may also transmits multicast services which are subscribed to and received by the UEs 115c and 115d. Such multicast services may include mobile television or stream video, or may include other services for providing community information, such as weather emergencies or alerts, such as Amber alerts or gray alerts.
[0042] The BSs 105 may also communicate with a core network. The core network may provide user authentication, access authorization, tracking, Internet Protocol (IP) connectivity, and other access, routing, or mobility functions. In some aspects, the core network may be a third entity, e.g., the third entity authorizing the BSs 105 and the UEs 115. The core network may provide authorization information to the BSs 105 and the UEs 115. For example, the core network may inform the BSs 105 the authorization information using a NG Application Protocol (NGAP) message. At least some of the BSs 105 (e.g., which may be an example of an evolved NodeB (eNB) or an access node controller (ANC) ) may interface with the core network 130 through backhaul links (e.g., S1, S2, etc. ) and may perform radio configuration and scheduling for communication with the UEs 115. In various examples, the BSs 105 may communicate, either directly or indirectly (e.g., through core network) , with each other over backhaul links (e.g., X1, X2, etc. ) , which may be wired or wireless communication links.
[0043] The network 100 may also support mission critical communications with ultra-reliable and redundant links for mission critical devices, such as the UE 115e, which may be a vehicle (e.g., a car, a truck, a bus, an autonomous vehicle, an aircraft, a boat, etc. ) . Redundant communication links with the UE 115e may include links from the macro BSs 105d and 105e, as well as links from the small cell BS 105f. Other machine type devices, such as the UE 115f (e.g., a thermometer) , the UE 115g (e.g., smart meter) , the UE 115h (e.g., wearable device) , and the IoT device (e.g., a RFID sensor) may communicate through the network 100 either directly with BSs, such as the small cell BS 105f, and the macro BSs 105d and 105e, or in multi-hop configurations by communicating with another user device which relays its information to the network, such as the UE 115f communicating temperature measurement information to the smart meter, the UE 115g, which is then reported to the network through the small cell BS 105f. In some aspects, the UE 115h may harvest energy from an ambient environment associated with the UE 115h. In some aspects, the IoT device may harvest energy from an ambient environment associated with the IoT device. For example, the IoT device may be an ambient IoT device that may harvest energy from the BS 105d or the UE 115d. The network 100 may also provide additional network efficiency through dynamic, low-latency TDD / FDD communications, such as vehicle-to-vehicle (V2V) , vehicle-to-everything (V2X) , cellular-vehicle-to-everything (C-V2X) communications between a UE 115i, 115j, or 115k and other UEs 115, and / or vehicle-to-infrastructure (V2I) communications between a UE 115i, 115j, or 115k and a BS 105.
[0044] In some implementations, the network 100 utilizes OFDM-based waveforms for communications. An OFDM-based system may partition the system BW into multiple (K) orthogonal subcarriers, which are also commonly referred to as subcarriers, tones, bins, or the like. Each subcarrier may be modulated with data. In some instances, the subcarrier spacing between adjacent subcarriers may be fixed, and the total number of subcarriers (K) may be dependent on the system BW. The system BW may also be partitioned into subbands. In other instances, the subcarrier spacing and / or the duration of TTIs may be scalable.
[0045] In some instances, the network 100 may be an NR network deployed over a licensed spectrum. The BSs 105 may transmit synchronization signals (e.g., including a primary synchronization signal (PSS) and a secondary synchronization signal (SSS) ) in the network 100 to facilitate synchronization. The BSs 105 may broadcast system information associated with the network 100 (e.g., including a master information block (MIB) , remaining minimum system information (RMSI) , and other system information (OSI) ) to facilitate initial network access. In some instances, the BSs 105 may broadcast the PSS, the SSS, and / or the MIB in the form of synchronization signal blocks (SSBs) over a physical broadcast channel (PBCH) and may broadcast the RMSI and / or the OSI over a physical downlink shared channel (PDSCH) .
[0046] In some instances, a UE 115 attempting to access the network 100 may perform an initial cell search by detecting a PSS from a BS 105. The PSS may enable synchronization of period timing and may indicate a physical layer identity value. The UE 115 may then receive an SSS. The SSS may enable radio frame synchronization, and may provide a cell identity value, which may be combined with the physical layer identity value to identify the cell. The SSS may also enable detection of a duplexing mode and a cyclic prefix length. The PSS and the SSS may be located in a central portion of a carrier or any suitable frequencies within the carrier.
[0047] After receiving the PSS and SSS, the UE 115 may receive a MIB. The MIB may include system information for initial network access and scheduling information for RMSI and / or OSI. After decoding the MIB, the UE 115 may receive RMSI and / or OSI. The RMSI and / or OSI may include radio resource control (RRC) information related to random access channel (RACH) procedures, paging, control resource set (CORESET) for physical downlink control channel (PDCCH) monitoring, physical uplink control channel (PUCCH) , physical uplink shared channel (PUSCH) , power control, SRS, and cell barring.
[0048] After obtaining the MIB, the RMSI and / or the OSI, the UE 115 may perform a random access procedure to establish a connection with the BS 105. For the random access procedure, the UE 115 may transmit a random access preamble and the BS 105 may respond with a random access response. Upon receiving the random access response, the UE 115 may transmit a connection request to the BS 105 and the BS 105 may respond with a connection response (e.g., contention resolution message) .
[0049] After establishing a connection, the UE 115 and the BS 105 may enter a normal operation stage, where operational data may be exchanged. For example, the BS 105 may schedule the UE 115 for UL and / or DL communications. The BS 105 may transmit UL and / or DL scheduling grants to the UE 115 via a PDCCH. The BS 105 may transmit a DL communication signal to the UE 115 via a PDSCH according to a DL scheduling grant. The UE 115 may transmit a UL communication signal to the BS 105 via a PUSCH and / or PUCCH according to a UL scheduling grant. In some aspects, the connection between the UE 115 and the BS 105 may be an indirect connection via another UE 115 (e.g., a UE 115 that is not the UE 115 established the connection with the BS 105) . For example, when the UE 115c (e.g., a remote UE) may establish a direct connection with a BS 105 (e.g., the BS 105d) , and an indirect connection with the BS 105 via a UE 115d (e.g., a relay UE) . In some aspects, the UE 115c may connect with multiple UEs 115d when establishing an indirect connection with the BS 105.
[0050] The network 100 may be designed to enable a wide range of use cases. While in some examples a network 100 may utilize monolithic base stations, there are a number of other architectures which may be used to perform aspects of the present disclosure. For example, a BS 105 may be separated into a remote radio head (RRH) and baseband unit (BBU) . BBUs may be centralized into a BBU pool and connected to RRHs through low-latency and high-bandwidth transport links, such as optical transport links. BBU pools may be cloud-based resources. In some aspects, baseband processing is performed on virtualized servers running in data centers rather than being co-located with a BS 105. In another example, based station functionality may be split between a remote unit (RU) , distributed unit (DU) , and a central unit (CU) . An RU generally performs low physical layer functions while a DU performs higher layer functions, which may include higher physical layer functions. A CU performs the higher RAN functions, such as radio resource control (RRC) .
[0051] For simplicity of discussion, the present disclosure refers to methods of the present disclosure being performed by base stations, or more generally network entities, while the functionality may be performed by a variety of architectures other than a monolithic base station. In addition to disaggregated base stations, aspects of the present disclosure may also be performed by a centralized unit (CU) , a distributed unit (DU) , a radio unit (RU) , a Near-Real Time (Near-RT) RAN Intelligent Controller (RIC) , a Non-Real Time (Non-RT) RIC, IAB node, a relay node, a sidelink node, etc.
[0052] In some aspects, the UE 115c may establish, with the BS 105, a direct communication link. The UE 115c may receive, from one or more UEs 115d, a capability of supporting an indirect communication link between the UE 115c and the BS 105 as a relay. The UE 115c may send, to the BS 105, an indication of the one or more UEs 115d to serve as the relay, wherein the indication comprises the capability of supporting the indirect communication link of the one or more UEs 115d. The UE 115c may receive, from the BS 105, a response of a selected UE 115d of the one or more UEs 115d as the relay based on the capability of supporting the indirect communication link of the one or more UEs 115d. The UE 115c may communicate, with the BS 105, a wireless communication via the indirect communication link using the selected UE 115d.
[0053] In some aspects, a first UE 115c may establish, with a wireless communication device 105, a direct communication link. The first UE 115c may receive, from one or more second UEs 115d, a capability of supporting an indirect communication link between the first UE 115c and the wireless communication device 105 as a relay. The first UE 115c may send, to the wireless communication device 105, an indication of the one or more second UEs 115d to serve as the relay, wherein the indication comprises the capability of supporting the indirect communication link of the one or more second UEs 115d. The first UE 115c may receive, from the wireless communication device 105, a response of a selected second UE 115d of the one or more second UEs 115d as the relay based on the capability of supporting the indirect communication link of the one or more second UEs 115d. The first UE 115c may communicate, with the wireless communication device 105, a wireless communication via the indirect communication link using the selected second UE 115d.
[0054] In some aspects, a first UE 115c may establish, with a wireless communication device 105, a direct communication link. The first UE 115c may receive, from a third entity, an indication of one or more second UEs 115d to serve as a relay for an indirect communication link between the first UE 115c and the wireless communication device 105. The first UE 115c may, based on the indication, communicate, with the wireless communication device 105, a wireless communication via the indirect communication link using a selected second UE 115d of the one or more second UEs 115d.
[0055] FIG. 2 shows a diagram illustrating an example disaggregated base station 200 architecture. The disaggregated base station 200 architecture may include one or more central units (CUs) 210 that may communicate directly with a core network 220 via a backhaul link, or indirectly with the core network 220 through one or more disaggregated base station units (such as a Near-Real Time (Near-RT) RAN Intelligent Controller (RIC) 225 via an E2 link, or a Non-Real Time (Non-RT) RIC 215 associated with a Service Management and Orchestration (SMO) Framework 205, or both) . A CU 210 may communicate with one or more distributed units (DUs) 230 via respective midhaul links, such as an F1 interface. The DUs 230 may communicate with one or more radio units (RUs) 240 via respective fronthaul links. The RUs 240 may communicate with respective UEs 115 (e.g., the UEs 115a-115j) via one or more radio frequency (RF) access links. In some implementations, the UE 115 may be simultaneously served by multiple RUs 240.
[0056] Each of the units, i.e., the CUs 210, the DUs 230, the RUs 240, as well as the Near-RT RICs 225, the Non-RT RICs 215 and the SMO Framework 205, may include one or more interfaces or be coupled to one or more interfaces configured to receive or transmit signals, data, or information (collectively, signals) via a wired or wireless transmission medium. Each of the units, or an associated processor or controller providing instructions to the communication interfaces of the units, may be configured to communicate with one or more of the other units via the transmission medium. For example, the units may include a wired interface configured to receive or transmit signals over a wired transmission medium to one or more of the other units. Additionally, the units may include a wireless interface, which may include a receiver, a transmitter or transceiver (such as a radio frequency (RF) transceiver) , configured to receive or transmit signals, or both, over a wireless transmission medium to one or more of the other units.
[0057] In some aspects, the CU 210 may host one or more higher layer control functions. Such control functions may include radio resource control (RRC) , packet data convergence protocol (PDCP) , service data adaptation protocol (SDAP) , or the like. Each control function may be implemented with an interface configured to communicate signals with other control functions hosted by the CU 210. The CU 210 may be configured to handle user plane functionality (i.e., Central Unit –User Plane (CU-UP) ) , control plane functionality (i.e., Central Unit –Control Plane (CU-CP) ) , or a combination thereof. In some implementations, the CU 210 may be logically split into one or more CU-UP units and one or more CU-CP units. The CU-UP unit may communicate bidirectionally with the CU-CP unit via an interface, such as the E1 interface when implemented in an O-RAN configuration. The CU 210 may be implemented to communicate with the DU 230, as necessary, for network control and signaling.
[0058] The DU 230 may correspond to a logical unit that includes one or more base station functions to control the operation of one or more RUs 240. In some aspects, the DU 230 may host one or more of a radio link control (RLC) layer, a medium access control (MAC) layer, and one or more high physical (PHY) layers (such as modules for forward error correction (FEC) encoding and decoding, scrambling, modulation and demodulation, or the like) depending, at least in part, on a functional split, such as those defined by the 3rd Generation Partnership Project (3GPP) . In some aspects, the DU 230 may further host one or more low PHY layers. Each layer (or module) may be implemented with an interface configured to communicate signals with other layers (and modules) hosted by the DU 230, or with the control functions hosted by the CU 210.
[0059] Lower-layer functionality may be implemented by one or more RUs 240. In some deployments, an RU 240, controlled by a DU 230, may correspond to a logical node that hosts RF processing functions, or low-PHY layer functions (such as performing fast Fourier transform (FFT) , inverse FFT (iFFT) , digital beamforming, physical random access channel (PRACH) extraction and filtering, or the like) , or both, based at least in part on the functional split, such as a lower layer functional split. In such an architecture, the RU (s) 240 may be implemented to handle over the air (OTA) communication with one or more UEs 115. In some implementations, real-time and non-real-time aspects of control and user plane communication with the RU (s) 240 may be controlled by the corresponding DU 230. In some scenarios, this configuration may enable the DU (s) 230 and the CU 210 to be implemented in a cloud-based RAN architecture, such as a vRAN architecture.
[0060] The SMO Framework 205 may be configured to support RAN deployment and provisioning of non-virtualized and virtualized network elements. For non-virtualized network elements, the SMO Framework 205 may be configured to support the deployment of dedicated physical resources for RAN coverage requirements which may be managed via an operations and maintenance interface (such as an O1 interface) . For virtualized network elements, the SMO Framework 205 may be configured to interact with a cloud computing platform (such as an open cloud (O-Cloud) 290) to perform network element life cycle management (such as to instantiate virtualized network elements) via a cloud computing platform interface (such as an O2 interface) . Such virtualized network elements may include CUs 210, DUs 230, RUs 240 and Near-RT RICs 225. In some implementations, the SMO Framework 205 may communicate with a hardware aspect of a 4G RAN, such as an open eNB (O-eNB) 211, via an O1 interface. Additionally, in some implementations, the SMO Framework 205 may communicate directly with one or more RUs 240 via an O1 interface. The SMO Framework 205 also may include a Non-RT RIC 215 configured to support functionality of the SMO Framework 205.
[0061] The Non-RT RIC 215 may be configured to include a logical function that enables non-real-time control and optimization of RAN elements and resources, Artificial Intelligence / Machine Learning (AI / ML) workflows including model training and updates, or policy-based guidance of applications / features in the Near-RT RIC 225. The Non-RT RIC 215 may be coupled to or communicate with (such as via an A1 interface) the Near-RT RIC 225. The Near-RT RIC 225 may be configured to include a logical function that enables near-real-time control and optimization of RAN elements and resources via data collection and actions over an interface (such as via an E2 interface) connecting one or more CUs 210, one or more DUs 230, or both, as well as an O-eNB, with the Near-RT RIC 225.
[0062] In some implementations, to generate AI / ML models to be deployed in the Near-RT RIC 225, the Non-RT RIC 215 may receive parameters or external enrichment information from external servers. Such information may be utilized by the Near-RT RIC 225 and may be received at the SMO Framework 205 or the Non-RT RIC 215 from non-network data sources or from network functions. In some examples, the Non-RT RIC 215 or the Near-RT RIC 225 may be configured to tune RAN behavior or performance. For example, the Non-RT RIC 215 may monitor long-term trends and patterns for performance and employ AI / ML models to perform corrective actions through the SMO Framework 205 (such as reconfiguration via O1) or via creation of RAN management policies (such as A1 policies) .
[0063] In some aspects, the UE 115c may establish, with a RU 240, a direct communication link. The UE 115c may receive, from one or more UEs 115d, a capability of supporting an indirect communication link between the UE 115c and the RU 240 as a relay. The UE 115c may send, to the RU 240, an indication of the one or more UEs 115d to serve as the relay, wherein the indication comprises the capability of supporting the indirect communication link of the one or more UEs 115d. The UE 115c may receive, from the RU 240, a response of a selected UE 115d of the one or more UEs 115d as the relay based on the capability of supporting the indirect communication link of the one or more UEs 115d. The UE 115c may communicate, with the RU 240, a wireless communication via the indirect communication link using the selected UE 115d.
[0064] In some aspects, a first UE 115c may establish, with a RU 240, a direct communication link. The first UE 115c may receive, from one or more second UEs 115d, a capability of supporting an indirect communication link between the first UE 115c and the RU 240 as a relay. The first UE 115c may send, to the RU 240, an indication of the one or more second UEs 115d to serve as the relay, wherein the indication comprises the capability of supporting the indirect communication link of the one or more second UEs 115d. The first UE 115c may receive, from the RU 240, a response of a selected second UE 115d of the one or more second UEs 115d as the relay based on the capability of supporting the indirect communication link of the one or more second UEs 115d. The first UE 115c may communicate, with the RU 240, a wireless communication via the indirect communication link using the selected second UE 115d.
[0065] In some aspects, a first UE 115c may establish, with a RU 240, a direct communication link. The first UE 115c may receive, from a third entity, an indication of one or more second UEs 115d to serve as a relay for an indirect communication link between the first UE 115c and the RU 240. The first UE 115c may, based on the indication, communicate, with the RU 240, a wireless communication via the indirect communication link using a selected second UE 115d of the one or more second UEs 115d.
[0066] FIG. 3 illustrates an example of wireless communication between a user equipment and a wireless communication device according to some aspects of the present disclosure. A wireless communication network 300 includes a network unit 310, the UE 115c, and the UE 115d. In some aspects, the network unit 310 may be a BS, a CU, a DU, and / or a RU that communicates with the UE 115c via a direct communication link, and / or an indirect communication link through the UE 115d. In some aspects, the network unit 310 may be the BS 105, the CU 210, the DU 230, the RU 240 and / or a network unit 700 described in FIGS. 1-2, or 7. In some aspects, the network unit 310 may be a gNB. In some aspects, the UEs 115c-115d may be the UE 115 or a UE 600 described in FIGS. 1, 2, or 6. The network unit 310 may provide communication coverage for a cell 312. The cell 312 may allow the UEs 115c-115d access to its network provider and support the UEs 115c-115d to communicate with the network unit 310. In some aspects, the cell 312 may be cells described in FIG. 1.
[0067] In some aspects, the UE 115c may establish a direct communication link with the network unit 310. The UE 115c may receive, from a UE 115d, an indication of a capability to support an indirect communication link between the UE 115c and the network unit 310 as a relay. The UE 115c may send to the network unit 310 an indication for the UE 115d to serve as the relay. The indication may comprise the capability of the UE 115d to support the indirect communication link. The UE 115c may receive from the network unit 310 a response to use the UE 115d as the relay based on the indication of the capability of the UE 115d to support the indirect communication link. The UE 115c may communicate with the network unit 310 a wireless communication via the indirect communication link using the UE 115d. The detailed steps of some examples of the UE 115c indicating to the network unit 310 that the UE 115d may serve as a relay in an indirect communication link with the network unit 310 will be further described in FIG. 4.
[0068] In some aspects, the UE 115c may establish, with the network unit 310, a direct communication link. The UE 115c may receive, from a third entity (e.g., the network unit 310 or the core network described in FIG. 1) , an indication that the UE 115d may serve as a relay for an indirect communication link between the UE 115c and the network unit 310. The UE 115c may, based on the indication, communicate with the network unit 310 a wireless communication via the indirect communication link using the UE 115d as a relay. The detailed steps of some examples of the UE 115c being configured for an indirect communication link with the network unit 310 based on a candidate relay UE will be further described in FIG. 5.
[0069] FIG. 4 is a flow diagram of a communication method 400 according to some aspects of the present disclosure. Aspects of the method 400 may be executed by a computing device (e.g., a processor, processing circuit, and / or other suitable component) of a wireless communication device or other suitable means for performing the actions. For example, a wireless communication device, such as the UE 115 or the UE 600 may utilize one or more components, such as the processor 602, the memory 604, the multipath relay transmission module 608, the transceiver 610, the modem 612, and the one or more antennas 616, to execute aspects of method 400. The method 400 may employ similar mechanisms as in the networks 100 and 200 and the aspects and actions described with respect to FIG. 3. As illustrated, the method 400 may include a number of enumerated actions, but the method 400 may include additional actions before, after, and in between the enumerated actions. In some aspects, one or more of the enumerated actions may be omitted or performed in a different order.
[0070] At action 402, a remote UE 115c (e.g., the UE 115c described in FIGS. 1 to 3) may establish, with a wireless communication device 105 (e.g., the BS 105, the RU 240, the CU 210, the DU 230, and / or the network unit 310 described in FIGS. 1 to 3) , a direct communication link 402. For example, the remote UE 115c may communicate with the wireless communication device 105 directly via Uu interface.
[0071] At action 404, the remote UE 115c may receive, from one or more relay UE (s) 115d (e.g., the UE 115d described in FIGS. 1 to 3) , a capability of supporting an indirect communication link between the remote UE 115c and the wireless communication device 105 as a relay. For example, the remote UE 115c may communicate with the wireless communication device 105 indirectly via sidelink (SL) interface through a relay UE 115d, based on the capability of the relay UE 115d.
[0072] In some aspects, the relay UE 115d may indicate to the remote UE 115c whether it can support an enhanced PC5-radio resource control (PC5-RRC) message in the indirect communication link. In some aspects, the relay UE 115d may indicate the remote UE 115c that the relay UE 115d is a UE complying with the specification requirements disclosed in Release 17 and / or Release 18 for serving as a relay. In some aspects, the relay UE 115d may indicate the remote UE 115c that the relay UE 115d can or cannot support the enhanced PC5-RRC message. For example, the relay UE 115d may include an indication (e.g., an indication indicating whether the relay UE 115d can support the enhanced PC5-RRC message) in at least one of a discovery message, a PC5-RRC message (e.g., UECapabilityEnquirySidelink) , and a PC5-Smessage during a PC5 connection setup.
[0073] At action 406, the remote UE 115c may send, to the wireless communication device 105, an indication of the one or more candidate relay UE (s) to serve as the relay UE 115d. In some aspects, the indication may include the capability of supporting the indirect communication link of the one or more candidate relay UE (s) . For example, when the remote UE 115c reports candidate relay UE (s) to the wireless communication device 105, the remote UE 115c may indicate whether the candidate relay UE (s) support an enhanced PC5-RRC message or not.
[0074] At action 408, the remote UE 115c may receive from the wireless communication device 105 a response of a selected relay UE 115d of the one or more candidate relay UE (s) as the relay UE 115d based on the capability of supporting the indirect communication link.
[0075] In some aspects, the remote UE 115c may receive from the wireless communication device 105 a configuration associated with the indirect communication link based on a capability of the selected relay UE 115d. For example, if a legacy UE is selected as the relay UE 115d, the wireless communication device 105 may configure the remote UE 115c for sending a Signaling Radio Bearer 1 (SRB1) message to the relay UE 115d. For example, the wireless communication device 105 may send a configuration associated with the SRB1 message. If the remote UE 115c receives the configuration associated with the SRB1 message for the indirect communication link, the remote UE 115c may send the SRB1 message to the relay UE 115d via a sidelink-radio link control one (SL-RLC1) channel. When the relay UE 115d receives the SRB1 message on the SL-RLC1 channel, the relay UE 115d may enter the connected state for the indirect communication link. In some aspects, if an enhanced UE is selected as the relay UE 115d, then the remote UE 115c may send a PC5-RRC message with a new indication to activate the relay UE 115d. In such instances, the remote UE 115c may not need to send an SRB1 message to the relay UE 115d and, therefore, the wireless communication device 105 may not need to send a configuration associated with the SRB1 message to the remote UE 115c.
[0076] In some aspects, the remote UE 115c may transmit, to the selected relay UE 115d based on the capability of the selected second UE, a communication indication to active the selected relay UE 115d for establishing the indirect communication link. In some aspects, the communication indication may include a PC5-RRC message. For example, if the wireless communication device 105 selects an enhanced relay UE 115d as a target relay UE 115d, then the wireless communication device 105 may not configure the remote UE 115c for sending the SRB1 message to the relay UE 115d. In this case, the remote UE 115c may send the PC5-RRC message to the relay UE 115d.
[0077] At action 410, the remote UE 115c may communicate, with the wireless communication device 105, a wireless communication via the indirect communication link using the selected relay UE 115d.
[0078] In some aspects, the communicating between the remote UE 115c and the wireless communication device 105 may include transmitting, to the wireless communication device 105, uplink data, and / or receiving, from the wireless communication device 105, downlink data.
[0079] In some aspects, the wireless communication device 105 that communicates with the remote UE 115c (e.g., a source gNB) may provide information associated with the relay UE 115d to another wireless communication device 105 (e.g., a target gNB) during a handover procedure and / or a relay UE context retrieval procedure.
[0080] FIG. 5 is a flow diagram of a communication method 500 according to some aspects of the present disclosure. Aspects of the method 500 may be executed by a computing device (e.g., a processor, processing circuit, and / or other suitable component) of a communication device or other suitable means for performing the actions. For example, a communication device, such as the UE 115 or the UE 600 may utilize one or more components, such as the processor 602, the memory 604, the multipath relay transmission module 608, the transceiver 610, the modem 612, and the one or more antennas 616, to execute aspects of method 500. The method 500 may employ similar mechanisms as in the networks 100 and 200 and the aspects and actions described with respect to FIG. 3. As illustrated, the method 500 includes a number of enumerated actions, but the method 500 may include additional actions before, after, and in between the enumerated actions. In some aspects, one or more of the enumerated actions may be omitted or performed in a different order.
[0081] At action 502, a remote UE 115c (e.g., the UE 115c described in FIGS. 1 to 3) may establish, with a wireless communication device 105 (e.g., the BS 105, the RU 240, the CU 210, the DU 230, and / or the network unit 310 described in FIGS. 1 to 3) , a direct communication link 402. For example, the remote UE 115c may communicate with the wireless communication device 105 directly via Uu interface.
[0082] At action 504, the remote UE 115c may receive, from a third entity (e.g., the wireless communication device 105 shown as an example in FIG. 5) , a relay indication indicating one or more relay UE (s) 115d to serve as a relay for an indirect communication link between the remote UE 115c and the wireless communication device 105.
[0083] In some aspects, the relay indication may be included in a Uu-RRC message. The relay indication may be sent by the wireless communication device 105 using the Uu-RRC message, and indicate which type of relay UE (s) 115d that the wireless communication device 105 may prefer / expect. For example, the wireless communication device 105 may indicate the remote UE 115c to only report enhanced relay UE (s) that support the PC5-RRC message approach and not include legacy relay UE (s) that may require the SRB1 message approach.
[0084] In some aspects, the remote UE 115c may be authorized by a core network (e.g., the core network described in FIG. 1) using authorization information. For example, the core network may send the authorization information to the remote UE 115c using Non Access Stratum (NAS) message and authorize the remote UE 115c as to which type (s) of relay UE (s) (e.g., supporting the PC5-RRC message or not) can be selected. In some aspects, a configuration associated with the authorization information may be preconfigured in the remote UE 115c. In some aspects, the core network may also send the authorization information to the wireless communication device 105 using a NGAP message or other suitable communication.
[0085] At action 506, the remote UE 115c may be configured based on the relay indication. In some aspects, the remote UE 115c may be preconfigured / configured to only report certain type (s) of candidate relay UE (s) (e.g., relay UE (s) that support enhanced PC5-RRC message, relay UE (s) that do not support enhanced PC5-RRC message, and / or any potential relay UE (s) ) . In some aspects, the remote UE 115c may select / re-select certain type (s) of relay UE (s) based on a received configuration, which may indicate which type (s) of relay UE (s) 115d are authorized.
[0086] In some aspects, the remote UE 115c may be preconfigured / configured based on a relay service code (RSC) that is to be applied to the indirect communication link. For example, each of the RSCs may include corresponding configuration information for certain type (s) of relay UE (s) 115d. The remote UE 115c, which may be preconfigured / configured based on the configuration information in the RSC, may only report candidate relay UE (s) 115d according to the type (s) of relay UE (s) related to or authorized by the applicable RSC (e.g., the RSC to be applied to the indirect communication link) . In some aspects, the remote UE 115c may be preconfigured / configured based on the policy configuration message sent by the core network (e.g., the core network described in FIG. 1) .
[0087] At action 508, the remote UE 115c may send, to one or more relay UE (s) 115d, a relay request to ask certain type (s) of relay UE (s) 115d to respond. For example, the remote UE 115c may send a discovery solicitation message to candidate relay UE (s) 115d with an indication associated with one or more relay types and / or relay functionalities. For example, the indication may be used to indicate the candidate relay UE (s) 115d to respond whether it supports the enhanced PC5-RRC message.
[0088] At action 510, the remote UE 115c may receive, from the one or more relay UE (s) 115d, a relay response. For example, if the indication sent at action 508 indicating that the remote UE 115c wants to discover relay UE (s) 115d that support enhanced PC5-RRC message (e.g., enhanced relay UE (s) ) , the relay UE (s) 115d that support enhanced PC5-RRC message may respond to the relay request (e.g., the discovery solicitation message) . Likewise, if the indication sent at action 508 indicating that the remote UE 115c wants to discover relay UE (s) 115d that do not support enhanced PC5-RRC message (e.g., legacy relay UE (s) ) , the relay UE (s) 115d that do not support enhanced PC5-RRC message may respond to the relay request. Furthermore, if the indication sent at action 508 indicating that the remote UE 115c wants to discover both types of relay UE (s) 115d (e.g., relay UE (s) supporting and not supporting enhanced PC5-RRC message) , both types of the relay UE (s) 115d (e.g., enhanced relay UE (s) and legacy relay UE (s) ) may respond to the relay request.
[0089] In some aspects, the remote UE 115c may receive, from the one or more relay UE (s) 115d, the relay response to indicate whether the relay UE (s) 115d support the enhanced PC5-RRC message. The relay response may be received in response to the relay request. However, the relay response may also be received not in response to a relay request. In some aspects, the relay response may be included in a discovery message, e.g. in a discovery announcement message for Model A discovery, or in a discovery response message.
[0090] At action 512, the remote UE 115c may select a relay UE 115d for the indirect communication link. For example, based on the relay response (s) received from the one or more relay UE (s) 115d and the configuration at action 506, the remote UE 115c may select / re-select a relay UE 115d for indirect communication with the wireless communication device 105. For example, if the remote UE 115c is configured to use a relay UE that supports the PC5-RRC message, the remote UE 115c may select the relay UE 115d that supports the PC5-RRC message based on the relay response (s) received from the one or more relay UE (s) . In some aspects, the relay UE 115d may be a group of relay UE (s) 115d.
[0091] In some aspects, if the wireless communication device 105 configures the remote UE 115c for both types of relay UE (s) 115d (e.g., the relay indication sent at action 504 indicating that the wireless communication device 105 may use relay UE (s) 115 that either support or do not support the enhanced PC5-RRC message) , the remote UE 115c may not necessarily need to indicate the wireless communication device 105 the selected target relay UE 115d. For example, when the wireless communication device 105 requests both types of relay UE (s) 115d, the wireless communication device 105 may send a configuration using a dedicated RRC message to the remote UE 115c to configure the remote UE 115c. The configuration may indicate a type of the relay UE 115d (e.g., a UE complying with Release 17, a UE complying with Release 18, or a UE complying with Release 17 and Release 18) and / or a capability of supporting an enhanced PC5-RRC message, such that the remote UE 115c may not indicate to the wireless communication device 105 the type of the selected relay UE 115d. In some embodiments, the configuration may indicate that whether the remote UE 115c may need to report candidate relay UE (s) 115d that support the enhance PC5-RRC message to indicate the indirect communication link.
[0092] At action 514, the remote UE 115c may communicate, with the wireless communication device 105, a wireless communication via the indirect communication link using the selected relay UE 115d.
[0093] In some aspects, the communicating between the remote UE 115c and the wireless communication device 105 may include transmitting, to the wireless communication device 105, uplink data, and / or receiving, from the wireless communication device 105, downlink data.
[0094] In some aspects, the wireless communication device 105 that communicates with the remote UE 115c (e.g., a source gNB) may provide information associated with the relay UE 115d to another wireless communication device 105 (e.g., a target gNB) during a handover procedure and / or a relay UE context retrieval procedure.
[0095] FIG. 6 is a block diagram of an exemplary UE 600 according to some aspects of the present disclosure. The UE 600 may be the UE 115 in the network 100, or 200 as discussed above. As shown, the UE 600 may include a processor 602, a memory 604, a discovery signal transmission module 608, a transceiver 610 including a modem subsystem 612 and a radio frequency (RF) unit 614, and one or more antennas 616. These elements may be coupled with each other and in direct or indirect communication with each other, for example via one or more buses.
[0096] The processor 602 may include a central processing unit (CPU) , a digital signal processor (DSP) , an application specific integrated circuit (ASIC) , a controller, a field programmable gate array (FPGA) device, another hardware device, a firmware device, or any combination thereof configured to perform the operations described herein. The processor 602 may also be implemented as a combination of computing devices, e.g., a combination of a DSP and a microprocessor, a plurality of microprocessors, one or more microprocessors in conjunction with a DSP core, or any other such configuration.
[0097] The memory 604 may include a cache memory (e.g., a cache memory of the processor 602) , random access memory (RAM) , magnetoresistive RAM (MRAM) , read-only memory (ROM) , programmable read-only memory (PROM) , erasable programmable read only memory (EPROM) , electrically erasable programmable read only memory (EEPROM) , flash memory, solid state memory device, hard disk drives, other forms of volatile and non-volatile memory, or a combination of different types of memory. In some instances, the memory 604 includes a non-transitory computer-readable medium. The memory 604 may store instructions 606. The instructions 606 may include instructions that, when executed by the processor 602, cause the processor 602 to perform the operations described herein with reference to the UEs 115 in connection with aspects of the present disclosure, for example, aspects of FIGS. 3-5. Instructions 606 may also be referred to as code. The terms “instructions” and “code” should be interpreted broadly to include any type of computer-readable statement (s) . For example, the terms “instructions” and “code” may refer to one or more programs, routines, sub-routines, functions, procedures, etc. “Instructions” and “code” may include a single computer-readable statement or many computer-readable statements.
[0098] The multipath relay transmission module 608 may be implemented via hardware, software, or combinations thereof. For example, the multipath relay transmission module 608 may be implemented as a processor, circuit, and / or instructions 606 stored in the memory 604 and executed by the processor 602. In some aspects, the multipath relay transmission module 608 may implement the aspects of FIGS. 3-5. For example, the multipath relay transmission module 608 may establish, with a wireless communication device, a direct communication link. The multipath relay transmission module 608 may receive, from one or more second UEs, a capability of supporting an indirect communication link between the UE 600 and the wireless communication device as a relay. The multipath relay transmission module 608 may send, to the wireless communication device, an indication of the one or more second UEs to serve as the relay, wherein the indication may include the capability of supporting the indirect communication link of the one or more second UEs. The multipath relay transmission module 608 may receive, from the wireless communication device, a response of a selected second UE of the one or more second UEs as the relay based on the capability of supporting the indirect communication link of the one or more second UEs. The multipath relay transmission module 608 may communicate, with the wireless communication device, a wireless communication via the indirect communication link using the selected second UE.
[0099] In some aspects, the multipath relay transmission module 608 may establish, with the wireless communication device, a direct communication link. The multipath relay transmission module 608 may receive, from a third entity, an indication of one or more second UEs to serve as a relay for an indirect communication link between the UE 600 and the wireless communication device. The multipath relay transmission module 608 may, based on the indication, communicate, with the wireless communication device, a wireless communication via the indirect communication link using a selected second UE of the one or more second UEs.
[0100] As shown, the transceiver 610 may include the modem subsystem 612 and the RF unit 614. The transceiver 610 may be configured to communicate bi-directionally with other devices, such as the BSs 105 and / or another UEs 115 (e.g., the second UE 115d) . The modem subsystem 612 may be configured to modulate and / or encode the data from the memory 604 and the according to a modulation and coding scheme (MCS) , e.g., a low-density parity check (LDPC) coding scheme, a turbo coding scheme, a convolutional coding scheme, a digital beamforming scheme, etc. The RF unit 614 may be configured to process (e.g., perform analog to digital conversion or digital to analog conversion, etc. ) modulated / encoded data from the modem subsystem 612 (on outbound transmissions) or of transmissions originating from another source such as a second UE 115d or a BS 105. The RF unit 614 may be further configured to perform analog beamforming in conjunction with the digital beamforming. Although shown as integrated together in transceiver 610, the modem subsystem 612 and the RF unit 614 may be separate devices that are coupled together to enable the UE 600 to communicate with other devices.
[0101] The RF unit 614 may provide the modulated and / or processed data, e.g. data packets (or, more generally, data messages that may contain one or more data packets and other information) , to the antennas 616 for transmission to one or more other devices. The antennas 616 may further receive data messages transmitted from other devices. The antennas 616 may provide the received data messages for processing and / or demodulation at the transceiver 610. The antennas 616 may include multiple antennas of similar or different designs in order to sustain multiple transmission links. The RF unit 614 may configure the antennas 616.
[0102] In some instances, the UE 600 may include multiple transceivers 610 implementing different RATs (e.g., NR and LTE) . In some instances, the UE 600 may include a single transceiver 610 implementing multiple RATs (e.g., NR and LTE) . In some instances, the transceiver 610 may include various components, where different combinations of components may implement RATs.
[0103] FIG. 7 is a block diagram of an exemplary network unit 700 according to some aspects of the present disclosure. The network unit 700 may be the BS 105, the CU 210, the DU 230, or the RU 240, as discussed above. As shown, the network unit 700 may include a processor 702, a memory 704, a discovery signal transmission module 708, a transceiver 710 including a modem subsystem 712 and a RF unit 714, and one or more antennas 716. These elements may be coupled with each other and in direct or indirect communication with each other, for example via one or more buses.
[0104] The processor 702 may have various features as a specific-type processor. For example, these may include a CPU, a DSP, an ASIC, a controller, a FPGA device, another hardware device, a firmware device, or any combination thereof configured to perform the operations described herein. The processor 702 may also be implemented as a combination of computing devices, e.g., a combination of a DSP and a microprocessor, a plurality of microprocessors, one or more microprocessors in conjunction with a DSP core, or any other such configuration.
[0105] The memory 704 may include a cache memory (e.g., a cache memory of the processor 702) , RAM, MRAM, ROM, PROM, EPROM, EEPROM, flash memory, a solid state memory device, one or more hard disk drives, memristor-based arrays, other forms of volatile and non-volatile memory, or a combination of different types of memory. In some instances, the memory 704 may include a non-transitory computer- readable medium. The memory 704 may store instructions 706. The instructions 706 may include instructions that, when executed by the processor 702, cause the processor 702 to perform operations described herein, for example, aspects of FIGS. 3-5. Instructions 706 may also be referred to as code, which may be interpreted broadly to include any type of computer-readable statement (s) .
[0106] The multipath relay transmission module 708 may be implemented via hardware, software, or combinations thereof. For example, the discovery signal transmission module 708 may be implemented as a processor, circuit, and / or instructions 706 stored in the memory 704 and executed by the processor 702. In some aspects, the multipath relay transmission module 708 may implement the aspects of FIGS. 3-5. For example, the multipath relay transmission module 708 may establish, with a first UE, a direct communication link. The multipath relay transmission module 708 may receive, from the first UE, an indication of one or more second UEs to serve as a relay, wherein the indication may include the capability of supporting the indirect communication link of the one or more second UEs. The multipath relay transmission module 708 may send, to the first UE, a response of a selected second UE of the one or more second UEs as the relay based on the capability of supporting the indirect communication link of the one or more second UEs. The multipath relay transmission module 708 may communicate, with the first UE, a wireless communication via the indirect communication link using the selected second UE.
[0107] In some aspects, the multipath relay transmission module 708 may establish, with the wireless communication device, a direct communication link. The multipath relay transmission module 708 may send, to the first UE, an indication of one or more second UEs to serve as a relay for an indirect communication link with the first UE. The multipath relay transmission module 708 may, based on the indication, communicate, with the first UE, a wireless communication via the indirect communication link using a selected second UE of the one or more second UEs.
[0108] Additionally or alternatively, the discovery signal transmission module 708 may be implemented in any combination of hardware and software, and may, in some implementations, involve, for example, processor 702, memory 704, instructions 706, transceiver 710, and / or modem 712.
[0109] As shown, the transceiver 710 may include the modem subsystem 712 and the RF unit 714. The transceiver 710 may be configured to communicate bi-directionally with other devices, such as the UEs 115 and / or UE 800. The modem subsystem 712 may be configured to modulate and / or encode data according to a MCS, e.g., a LDPC coding scheme, a turbo coding scheme, a convolutional coding scheme, a digital beamforming scheme, etc. The RF unit 714 may be configured to process (e.g., perform analog to digital conversion or digital to analog conversion, etc. ) modulated / encoded data from the modem subsystem 712 (on outbound transmissions) or of transmissions originating from another source such as a UE 115 or UE 600. The RF unit 714 may be further configured to perform analog beamforming in conjunction with the digital beamforming. Although shown as integrated together in transceiver 710, the modem subsystem 712 and / or the RF unit 714 may be separate devices that are coupled together at the network unit 700 to enable the network unit 700 to communicate with other devices.
[0110] The RF unit 714 may provide the modulated and / or processed data, e.g. data packets (or, more generally, data messages that may contain one or more data packets and other information) , to the antennas 716 for transmission to one or more other devices. This may include, for example, a configuration indicating a plurality of sub-slots within a slot according to aspects of the present disclosure. The antennas 716 may further receive data messages transmitted from other devices and provide the received data messages for processing and / or demodulation at the transceiver 710. The antennas 716 may include multiple antennas of similar or different designs in order to sustain multiple transmission links.
[0111] In some instances, the network unit 700 may include multiple transceivers 710 implementing different RATs (e.g., NR and LTE) . In some instances, the network unit 700 may include a single transceiver 710 implementing multiple RATs (e.g., NR and LTE) . In some instances, the transceiver 710 may include various components, where different combinations of components may implement RATs.
[0112] FIG. 8 is a flow diagram of a communication method 800 according to some aspects of the present disclosure. Aspects of the method 800 can be executed by a computing device (e.g., a processor, processing circuit, and / or other suitable component) of a wireless communication device or other suitable means for performing the actions. For example, a wireless communication device, such as the remote UE 115c and the relay UE 115d, may utilize one or more components, such as the processor 602, the memory 604, the multipath relay transmission module 608, the transceiver 610, the modem 612, and the one or more antennas 616, to execute aspects of method 800. The method 800 may employ similar mechanisms as in the networks 100 and 200 and the aspects and actions described with respect to FIGS. 3-5. As illustrated, the method 800 includes a number of enumerated actions, but the method 800 may include additional actions before, after, and in between the enumerated actions. In some aspects, one or more of the enumerated actions may be omitted or performed in a different order.
[0113] At action 810, the method 800 may include a remote UE 115c establishing, with a wireless communication device (e.g., the UE 115, the UE 600, the network unit 700, the BS 105, the RU 240, the DU 230, and / or the CU 210) , a direct communication link.
[0114] At action 820, the method 800 may the remote UE 115c receiving, from one or more relay UEs 115d, a capability of supporting an indirect communication link between the remote UE 115c and the wireless communication device 105 as a relay. In some embodiments, the capability of supporting the indirect communication link comprises at least one of a capability of supporting a PC5-RRC message, a type of a relay UE 115d, or a capability of supporting parameters in a RRC message.
[0115] At action 830, the method 800 may include the remote UE 115c sending, to the wireless communication device 105, an indication of one or more relay UEs 115d to serve as the relay. The indication may include the capability of supporting the indirect communication link of the one or more relay UEs 115d.
[0116] In some aspects, in response to the indication, the method 800 may include the remote UE 115c further receiving from the wireless communication device 105 based on a capability of the selected relay UE 115d, a configuration associated with the indirect communication link. In some aspects, the configuration may be associated with a SRB1 message. In some aspects, the method 800 may include the remote UE 115c sending, to the selected relay UE 115d, the SRB1 message via a SL-RLC1 channel to active the selected relay UE 115d.
[0117] In some aspects, the method 800 may include the remote UE 115c determining that the selected relay UE 115d supports a direct communication procedure (e.g., the remote UE 115c may not receive the SRB1 configuration for an indirect path from the wireless communication device 105) , and transmitting, to the selected relay UE 115d based on the capability of the selected relay UE 115d, a communication indication to activate the selected relay UE 115d for the indirect communication link. In some aspects, the communication indication may include a PC5-RRC message.
[0118] At action 840, the method 800 may include the remote UE 115c receiving, from the wireless communication device 105, a response of a selected relay UE 115d of the one or more relay UEs 115d as the relay based on the capability of supporting the indirect communication link of the one or more relay UEs 115d.
[0119] At action 850, the method 800 may include the remote UE 115c communicating, with the wireless communication device 105, a wireless communication via the indirect communication link using the selected relay UE 115d.
[0120] In some aspects, the communicating with the wireless communication device 105 may include transmitting, to the wireless communication device 105, uplink data, and receiving, from the wireless communication device 105, downlink data.
[0121] In some aspects, the selected relay UE 115d may include a set of relay UEs 115d.
[0122] FIG. 9 is a flow diagram of a communication method 900 according to some aspects of the present disclosure. Aspects of the method 900 can be executed by a computing device (e.g., a processor, processing circuit, and / or other suitable component) of a wireless communication device or other suitable means for performing the actions. For example, a wireless communication device, such as the UE 115 or the UE 600, may utilize one or more components, such as the processor 602, the memory 604, the discovery signal transmission module 608, the transceiver 610, the modem 612, and the one or more antennas 616, to execute aspects of method 900. The method 900 may employ similar mechanisms as in the networks 100 and 200 and the aspects and actions described with respect to FIGS. 3-5. As illustrated, the method 900 includes a number of enumerated actions, but the method 900 may include additional actions before, after, and in between the enumerated actions. In some aspects, one or more of the enumerated actions may be omitted or performed in a different order.
[0123] At action 910, the method 900 may include a remote UE 115c establishing, with a wireless communication device 105 (e.g., the UE 115, the UE 600, the network unit 900, the BS 105, the RU 240, the DU 230, and / or the CU 210) , a direct communication link.
[0124] At action 920, the method 900 may include the remote UE 115c receiving, from a third entity, an indication of one or more relay UEs 115d to serve as a relay for an indirect communication link between the remote UE 115c and the wireless communication device 105.
[0125] In some aspects, the third entity may be the wireless communication device 105, and the indication may include a RRC message. In some aspects, the third entity may be a core network, and the indication may include an authorization message. In some aspects, the third entity may be the core network, and the indication may include a policy configuration message.
[0126] In some aspects, the method 900 may include the remote UE 115c further receiving, from the one or more relay UEs 115d, a second indication indicating at least one of a capability of supporting a PC5-RRC message, a type of a relay UE 115d (e.g., a UE supporting or not supporting a PC5-RRC message) , or a capability of supporting parameters in a RRC message. The PC5-RRC message and / or the parameters in the RRC message may be used to indicate that an indirect communication link (e.g., a relay communication) is to be established. In some aspects, the second indication may include at least one of a discovery announcement message or a discovery response message.
[0127] In some aspects, the receiving the indication may further include sending, to the one or more relay UEs 115d, a request indicating a request indicating at least one relay UE 115d of the one or more relay UEs 115d that supports at least one of a capability of supporting a PC5-RRC message, a type of a relay UE 115d, or a capability of supporting parameters in a RRC message to respond the request.
[0128] In some aspects, the communicating with the wireless communication device 105 may include transmitting, to the wireless communication device 105, uplink data, and receiving, from the wireless communication device, downlink data.
[0129] Further aspects of the present disclosure include the following:
[0130] Aspect 1 includes a method of wireless communication performed by a first user equipment (UE) , the method comprising establishing, with a wireless communication device, a direct communication link; receiving, from one or more second UEs, a capability of supporting an indirect communication link between the first UE and the wireless communication device as a relay; sending, to the wireless communication device, an indication of the one or more second UEs to serve as the relay, wherein the indication comprises the capability of supporting the indirect communication link of the one or more second UEs; receiving, from the wireless communication device, a response of a selected second UE of the one or more second UEs as the relay based on the capability of supporting the indirect communication link of the one or more second UEs; and communicating, with the wireless communication device, a wireless communication via the indirect communication link using the selected second UE.
[0131] Aspect 2 includes the method of aspect 1, further comprising receiving, from the wireless communication device, a configuration associated with the indirect communication link based on a capability of the selected second UE.
[0132] Aspect 3 includes the method of any of aspects 1-2, wherein the configuration is associated with a SRB1 message.
[0133] Aspect 4 includes the method of any of aspects 1-3, further comprising sending, to the selected second UE, the SRB1 message via a SL-RLC1 channel to active the selected second UE.
[0134] Aspect 5 includes the method of any of aspects 1-4, further comprising transmitting, to the selected second UE based on the capability of the selected second UE, a communication indication to activate the selected second UE for the indirect communication link.
[0135] Aspect 6 includes the method of any of aspects 1-5, wherein the transmitting the communication indication comprises transmitting, to the selected second UE, a PC5-RRC message.
[0136] Aspect 7 includes the method of any of aspects 1-6, wherein the communicating comprises transmitting, to the wireless communication device, uplink data; and receiving, from the wireless communication device, downlink data.
[0137] Aspect 8 includes the method of any of aspects 1-7, wherein the selected second UE comprises a set of second UEs.
[0138] Aspect 9 includes the method of any of aspects 1-8, wherein the capability of supporting the indirect communication link comprises at least one of a capability of supporting a PC5-RRC message, a type of a second UE, or a capability of supporting parameters in a RRC message.
[0139] Aspect 10 includes a method of wireless communication performed by a first UE, the method comprising establishing, with a wireless communication device, a direct communication link; receiving, from a third entity, an indication of one or more second UEs to serve as a relay for an indirect communication link between the first UE and the wireless communication device; and based on the indication, communicating, with the wireless communication device, a wireless communication via the indirect communication link using a selected second UE of the one or more second UEs.
[0140] Aspect 11 includes the method of aspect 10, wherein the third entity comprises the wireless communication device, and wherein the indication comprises a RRC message.
[0141] Aspect 12 includes the method of any of aspects 10-11, wherein the third entity comprises a core network, and wherein the indication comprises an authorization message.
[0142] Aspect 13 includes the method of any of aspects 10-12, where the third entity comprises the core network, and wherein the indication comprises a policy configuration message.
[0143] Aspect 14 includes the method of any of aspects 10-13, further comprising receiving, from the one or more second UEs, a second indication, wherein the second indication indicates at least one of a capability of supporting a PC5-RRC message, a type of a second UE, or a capability of supporting parameters in a RRC message.
[0144] Aspect 15 includes the method of any of aspects 10-14, wherein the second indication comprises at least one of a discovery announcement message or a discovery response message.
[0145] Aspect 16 includes the method of any of aspects 10-15, wherein the receiving the indication comprises sending, to the one or more second UEs, a request indicating at least one second UE of the one or more second UEs that supports at least one of a capability of supporting a PC5-RRC message, a type of a second UE, or a capability of supporting parameters in a RRC message to respond the request.
[0146] Aspect 17 includes the method of any of aspects 10-16, wherein the request comprises a discovery solicitation message.
[0147] Aspect 18 includes the method of any of aspects 10-17, wherein the communicating comprises transmitting, to the wireless communication device, uplink data; and receiving, from the wireless communication device, downlink data.
[0148] Aspect 19 includes a first UE comprising at least one memory; at least one transceiver; and at least one processor in communication with the at least one memory and the at least one transceiver, wherein the first UE is configured to perform any one or more of aspects 1-9.
[0149] Aspect 20 includes a first UE comprising at least one memory; at least one transceiver; and at least one processor in communication with the at least one memory and the at least one transceiver, wherein the first UE is configured to perform any one or more of aspects 10-18.
[0150] Aspect 21. A UE comprising one or more means to perform any one or more of aspects 1-9.
[0151] Aspect 22. A UE comprising one or more means to perform any one or more of aspects 10-18.
[0152] Aspect 23. A non-transitory computer-readable medium storing one or more instructions for wireless communication, the one or more instructions comprising one or more instructions that, when executed by one or more processors of a UE, cause the UE to perform any one or more of aspects 1-9.
[0153] Aspect 24. A non-transitory computer-readable medium storing one or more instructions for wireless communication, the one or more instructions comprising one or more instructions that, when executed by one or more processors of a UE, cause the UE to perform any one or more of aspects 10-18.
[0154] Aspect 25. A method, device, apparatus, computer program product, non-transitory computer-readable medium, user equipment, base station, network entity, network node, wireless communication device, and / or processing system in accordance with one or more of aspects 1-18 and / or as described herein with reference to the accompanying detailed description and / or drawings.
[0155] Information and signals may be represented using any of a variety of different technologies and techniques. For example, data, instructions, commands, information, signals, bits, symbols, and chips that may be referenced throughout the above description may be represented by voltages, currents, electromagnetic waves, magnetic fields or particles, optical fields or particles, or any combination thereof.
[0156] The various illustrative blocks and modules described in connection with the disclosure herein may be implemented or performed with a general-purpose processor, a DSP, an ASIC, an FPGA or other programmable logic device, discrete gate or transistor logic, discrete hardware components, or any combination thereof designed to perform the functions described herein. A general-purpose processor may be a microprocessor, but in the alternative, the processor may be any conventional processor, controller, microcontroller, or state machine. A processor may also be implemented as a combination of computing devices (e.g., a combination of a DSP and a microprocessor, multiple microprocessors, one or more microprocessors in conjunction with a DSP core, or any other such configuration) .
[0157] The functions described herein may be implemented in hardware, software executed by a processor, firmware, or any combination thereof. If implemented in software executed by a processor, the functions may be stored on or transmitted over as one or more instructions or code on a computer-readable medium. Other examples and implementations are within the scope of the disclosure and appended claims. For example, due to the nature of software, functions described above may be implemented using software executed by a processor, hardware, firmware, hardwiring, or combinations of any of these. Features implementing functions may also be physically located at various positions, including being distributed such that portions of functions are implemented at different physical locations. Also, as used herein, including in the claims, "or" as used in a list of items (for example, a list of items prefaced by a phrase such as "at least one of" or "one or more of" ) indicates an inclusive list such that, for example, a list of [at least one of A, B, or C] means A or B or C or AB or AC or BC or ABC (i.e., A and B and C) .
[0158] As those of some skill in this art will by now appreciate and depending on the particular application at hand, many modifications, substitutions and variations may be made in and to the materials, apparatus, configurations and methods of use of the devices of the present disclosure without departing from the spirit and scope thereof. In light of this, the scope of the present disclosure should not be limited to that of the particular instances illustrated and described herein, as they are merely by way of some examples thereof, but rather, should be fully commensurate with that of the claims appended hereafter and their functional equivalents.
Claims
1.A method of wireless communication performed by a first user equipment (UE) , the method comprising:establishing, with a wireless communication device, a direct communication link;receiving, from one or more second UEs, a capability of supporting an indirect communication link between the first UE and the wireless communication device as a relay;sending, to the wireless communication device, an indication of the one or more second UEs to serve as the relay, wherein the indication comprises the capability of supporting the indirect communication link of the one or more second UEs;receiving, from the wireless communication device, a response of a selected second UE of the one or more second UEs as the relay based on the capability of supporting the indirect communication link of the one or more second UEs; andcommunicating, with the wireless communication device, a wireless communication via the indirect communication link using the selected second UE.2.The method of claim 1, further comprising:receiving, from the wireless communication device, a configuration associated with the indirect communication link based on a capability of the selected second UE.3.The method of claim 2, wherein the configuration is associated with a Signaling Radio Bearer 1 (SRB1) message.4.The method of claim 3, further comprising:sending, to the selected second UE, the SRB1 message via a sidelink-radio link control one (SL-RLC1) channel to active the selected second UE.5.The method of claim 2, further comprising:transmitting, to the selected second UE based on the capability of the selected second UE, a communication indication to activate the selected second UE for the indirect communication link.6.The method of claim 5, wherein the transmitting the communication indication comprises:transmitting, to the selected second UE, a PC5-radio resource control (PC5-RRC) message.7.The method of claim 1, wherein the capability of supporting the indirect communication link comprises at least one of a capability of supporting a PC5-RRC message, a type of a second UE, or a capability of supporting parameters in a RRC message.8.A method of wireless communication performed by a first user equipment (UE) , the method comprising:establishing, with a wireless communication device, a direct communication link;receiving, from a third entity, an indication of one or more second UEs to serve as a relay for an indirect communication link between the first UE and the wireless communication device; andbased on the indication, communicating, with the wireless communication device, a wireless communication via the indirect communication link using a selected second UE of the one or more second UEs.9.The method of claim 8, wherein the third entity comprises the wireless communication device, and wherein the indication comprises a radio resource control (RRC) message.10.The method of claim 8, wherein the third entity comprises a core network, and wherein the indication comprises an authorization message.11.The method of claim 8, wherein the third entity comprises a core network, and wherein the indication comprises a policy configuration message.12.The method of claim 8, further comprising:receiving, from the one or more second UEs, a second indication, wherein the second indication indicates at least one of a capability of supporting a PC5-RRC message, a type of a second UE, or a capability of supporting parameters in a RRC message.13.The method of claim 12, wherein the second indication comprises at least one of a discovery announcement message or a discovery response message.14.The method of claim 8, wherein the receiving the indication comprises:sending, to the one or more second UEs, a request indicating at least one second UE of the one or more second UEs that supports at least one of a capability of supporting a PC5-RRC message, a type of a second UE, or a capability of supporting parameters in a RRC message to respond the request.15.The method of claim 14, wherein the request comprises a discovery solicitation message.16.A first user equipment (UE) comprising:at least one memory;at least one transceiver; andat least one processor in communication with the at least one memory and the at least one transceiver, wherein the first UE is configured to:establish, with a wireless communication device, a direct communication link;receive, from one or more second UEs, a capability of supporting an indirect communication link between the first UE and the wireless communication device as a relay;send, to the wireless communication device, an indication of the one or more second UEs to serve as the relay, wherein the indication comprises the capability of supporting the indirect communication link of the one or more second UEs;receive, from the wireless communication device, a response of a selected second UE of the one or more second UEs as the relay based on the capability of supporting the indirect communication link of the one or more second UEs; andcommunicate, with the wireless communication device, a wireless communication via the indirect communication link using the selected second UE.17.The first UE of claim 16, wherein the first UE is further configured to:receive, from the wireless communication device, a configuration associated with the indirect communication link based on a capability of the selected second UE.18.The first UE of claim 17, wherein the configuration is associated with a Signaling Radio Bearer 1 (SRB1) message.19.The first UE of claim 18, wherein the first UE is further configured to:send, to the selected second UE, the SRB1 message via a sidelink-radio link control one (SL-RLC1) channel to active the selected second UE.20.The first UE of claim 17, wherein the first UE is further configured to:transmit, to the selected second UE based on the capability of the selected second UE, a communication indication to activate the selected second UE for the indirect communication link.21.The first UE of claim 20, wherein the transmitting the communication indication comprises:transmitting, to the selected second UE, a PC5-radio resource control (PC5-RRC) message.22.The first UE of claim 16, wherein the capability of supporting the indirect communication link comprises at least one of a capability of supporting a PC5-RRC message, a type of a second UE, or a capability of supporting parameters in a RRC message.23.A first user equipment (UE) comprising:at least one memory;at least one transceiver; andat least one processor in communication with the at least one memory and the at least one transceiver, wherein the first UE is configured to:establish, with a wireless communication device, a direct communication link;receive, from a third entity, an indication of one or more second UEs to serve as a relay for an indirect communication link between the first UE and the wireless communication device; andbased on the indication, communicate, with the wireless communication device, a wireless communication via the indirect communication link using a selected second UE of the one or more second UEs.24.The first UE of claim 23, wherein the third entity comprises the wireless communication device, and wherein the indication comprises a radio resource control (RRC) message.25.The first UE of claim 23, wherein the third entity comprises a core network, and wherein the indication comprises an authorization message.26.The first UE of claim 23, wherein the third entity comprises a core network, and wherein the indication comprises a policy configuration message.27.The first UE of claim 23, wherein the first UE is further configured to:receive, from the one or more second UEs, a second indication, wherein the second indication indicates at least one of a capability of supporting a PC5-RRC message, a type of a second UE, or a capability of supporting parameters in a RRC message.28.The first UE of claim 27, wherein the second indication comprises at least one of a discovery announcement message or a discovery response message.29.The first UE of claim 23, wherein the receiving the indication comprises:sending, to the one or more second UEs, a request indicating at least one second UE of the one or more second UEs that supports at least one of a capability of supporting a PC5-RRC message, a type of a second UE, or a capability of supporting parameters in a RRC message to respond the request.30.The first UE of claim 29, wherein the request comprises a discovery solicitation message.