Cryogenic refrigeration mechanism

Abstract

The present invention provides a cryogenic refrigeration mechanism, relating to the field of low-temperature refrigeration. The cryogenic refrigeration mechanism includes a water-cooling assembly and a heat exchange assembly. The water-cooling assembly includes at least one cooling apparatus, and each cooling apparatus includes a compressor and a water cooler, the water cooler is arranged around an outer side of the compressor, the compressor is in gas circuit connection with the water cooler, and the water cooler is configured to cool a gas output from the compressor into the water cooler. The heat exchange assembly is arranged opposite to the water-cooling assembly along an axial direction of the compressor, and the heat exchange assembly is in gas circuit connection with the water-cooling assembly. The heat exchange assembly is configured to cool a gas output from the water-cooling assembly into the heat exchange assembly and discharge the cooled gas to a target environment. The heat exchange assembly is also configured to allow the gas in the target environment to enter the water-cooling assembly through the heat exchange assembly. The cryogenic refrigeration mechanism of the present application is simple and compact in structure, has a wide range of application scenarios, and can solve the problem in the related art that the application scenarios of a refrigeration machine are limited due to large volume and weight.

Description

[0001] The present application claims priority to Chinese Patent Application No. 202410774347.5 filed with China National Intellectual Property Administration on June 14, 2024 and entitled "Cryogenic refrigeration mechanism", which is hereby incorporated by reference in its entirety.TECHNICAL FIELD

[0002] The present application relates to the field of low-temperature refrigeration, and in particular to a cryogenic refrigeration mechanism.BACKGROUND

[0003] With the development of society, some fields, such as superconducting motors, superconducting magnets, superconducting power transmission, and gas liquefaction, require low-temperature systems with large cooling capacity, high efficiency, compact integration, mobility, and maintenance-free operation. The cooling capacity also needs to be sufficiently large to meet practical engineering requirements.

[0004] Generally, the refrigeration methods widely used in the field of low-temperature refrigeration include cascade refrigeration, Stirling refrigeration, and reverse Brayton refrigeration. Where, the cascade refrigeration has relatively complex unit structure and control system, which leads to great difficulties in maintenance and upkeep; at the same time, the unit has slow dynamic response, low precision of stable control; if the refrigerant leaks, it may cause pollution, and it is impossible to obtain a sufficiently low temperature (for example, lower than the temperature of liquid nitrogen); in addition, it has disadvantages such as high noise, requiring frequent maintenance, and being non-tippable, resulting in limited application environments. The Stirling refrigeration has a simpler structure than the cascade refrigeration, and its operational reliability is also higher; however, the Stirling refrigeration is generally used in scenarios requiring small cooling capacity because the Stirling refrigeration structure with large cooling capacity is relatively low in power density, and thus the Stirling refrigeration is not an ideal refrigeration method. To address the above-mentioned technical problems, the reverse Brayton refrigeration is adopted in related technologies; reverse Brayton refrigerators have advantages such as high efficiency, fast cooling rate, and wide refrigeration range.

[0005] However, most of the current reverse Brayton refrigerators adopt conventional compressors and heat exchangers, which are constructed through the assembly of numerous pipelines, resulting in large volume and weight, which limits the application scenarios of the reverse Brayton refrigerators.SUMMARY

[0006] An object of the present application is to provide a cryogenic refrigeration mechanism, which has a simple and compact structure and wide range of application scenarios; and can solve the problem in the related art that the application scenarios of a refrigeration machine are limited due to large volume and weight.

[0007] The present invention provides a cryogenic refrigeration mechanism, which includes: a water-cooling assembly, which includes at least one cooling apparatus, each cooling apparatus including a compressor and a water cooler, where the water cooler is arranged around an outer side of the compressor, the compressor is in a gas circuit connection with the water cooler, and the water cooler is configured to cool a gas output from the compressor into the water cooler; a heat exchange assembly, which is arranged opposite to the water-cooling assembly along an axial direction of the compressor, the heat exchange assembly being in a gas circuit connection with the water-cooling assembly; where the heat exchange assembly is configured to cool a gas output from the water-cooling assembly into the heat exchange assembly and discharge the cooled gas to a target environment; the heat exchange assembly is also configured to allow a gas in the target environment to enter the water-cooling assembly through the heat exchange assembly.

[0008] In the cryogenic refrigeration mechanism in embodiments of the present application, by configuring the water-cooling assembly to include at least one cooling apparatus, and the cooling apparatus including a compressor and a water cooler arranged around an outer side of the compressor, that is to say, arranging the compressor inside the water cooler to form a cooling apparatus, this can simplify the structure of the water-cooling assembly and enable the structure of the water-cooling assembly to be more compact. Compared with connecting a conventional compressor and a water cooler through a pipeline, this can simplify the structure of the water-cooling apparatus, reduce a volume of the water-cooling apparatus, thereby reducing a volume of the water-cooling assembly and a volume of the entire cryogenic refrigeration mechanism; furthermore, this can also reduce the noise generated during the operation of the mechanism. By arranging the water-cooling assembly and the heat exchange assembly opposite to each other along an axial direction of the compressor, it is convenient to realize a gas circuit connection between the water-cooling assembly and the heat exchange assembly, simplify the pipeline for realizing the gas flow connection between the water-cooling assembly and the heat exchange assembly, and reduce the assembly difficulty. By the gas circuit connection between the water-cooling assembly and the heat exchange assembly, the heat exchange assembly may cool the gas output from the water-cooling assembly to the heat exchange assembly, and the water-cooling assembly may suck in gas from a target environment through the heat exchange assembly.

[0009] Optionally, the water-cooling assembly includes a gas inlet and a gas outlet, and the heat exchange assembly includes a gas inlet, a gas outlet and a gas return port; where, the gas inlet of the water-cooling assembly is communicated with the gas return port of the heat exchange assembly; the gas outlet of the water-cooling assembly is communicated with the gas inlet of the heat exchange assembly; the gas inlet of the heat exchange assembly is communicated with the gas outlet of the heat exchange assembly; both the gas outlet and the gas return port of the heat exchange assembly are communicated with the target environment.

[0010] By configuring the heat exchange assembly to include a gas inlet, a gas outlet, and a gas return port, the heat exchange assembly may cool the gas output from the water-cooling assembly and also facilitate delivering the gas in the target environment to the water-cooling assembly. In this way, during use, it is only necessary to place the heat exchange assembly in the target environment to achieve cooling of the target environment; that is, in a case where the space of the application scenario is limited, the cryogenic refrigeration mechanism of the embodiment of the present application can also be used, expanding the application scenarios of the cryogenic refrigeration mechanism.

[0011] Optionally, the heat exchange assembly includes an expander and a heat exchanger; where, the heat exchanger is arranged around an outer side of the expander; in the axial direction of the compressor, the heat exchanger is arranged opposite to the water cooler, and the compressor is arranged opposite to the expander; the heat exchanger is in the gas circuit connection with the water-cooling assembly, and the heat exchanger is at least configured to cool a gas output from the water-cooling assembly into the heat exchanger; the expander is in the gas circuit connection with the heat exchanger, and the expander is configured to cool a gas output from the heat exchanger into the expander and discharge the cooled gas to the target environment.

[0012] By arranging the heat exchanger around the outer side of the expander, the expander may be invisibly arranged inside the heat exchanger; thereby, the heat exchange assembly is compact in structure and small in volume, which facilitates the miniaturization development of the cryogenic refrigeration mechanism so as to adapt to more application scenarios. Additionally, by arranging the expander inside the heat exchanger, the heat exchanger may also play a certain sound insulation role, thus reducing the noise of the cryogenic refrigeration mechanism.

[0013] Optionally, the heat exchanger is a counter-flow heat exchanger, which includes a forward flow channel and a reverse flow channel; where, an inlet of the forward flow channel is configured as the gas inlet of the heat exchange assembly; an outlet of the forward flow channel is in the gas circuit connection with an inlet of the expander, and an outlet of the expander is configured as the gas outlet of the heat exchange assembly; an inlet of the reverse flow channel is configured as the gas return port of the heat exchange assembly, and an outlet of the reverse flow channel is communicated with the gas inlet of the water-cooling assembly.

[0014] By configuring the heat exchanger to include a forward flow channel and a reverse flow channel, the gas flow channel for the gas entering the heat exchange assembly from the water-cooling assembly and the gas flow channel for the gas returning from the heat exchanger to the water-cooling assembly may be arranged separately, so as to improve the refrigeration efficiency.

[0015] Optionally, the heat exchanger is a wound heat exchanger or a printed circuit board heat exchanger; the heat exchanger includes a plurality of heat exchange fins arranged in a stacked manner, each heat exchange fin is provided with a vortex flow channel, and rotation directions of the vortex flow channels on two adjacent heat exchange fins are opposite; the vortex flow channel on one of the two adjacent heat exchange fins is configured as the forward flow channel, and the vortex flow channel on the other one is configured as the reverse flow channel.

[0016] By configuring the heat exchanger as a wound heat exchanger or a printed circuit board heat exchanger, the heat exchange efficiency can be improved, thereby enhancing the refrigeration efficiency of the cryogenic refrigeration mechanism. By arranging vortex flow channels on the heat exchange fins, a size of the flow channels may be longer, so as to increase the heat exchange time and improve the heat exchange effect. By enabling the rotation directions of the vortex flow channels on two adjacent heat exchange fins to be opposite, the gas flows between the two adjacent heat exchange fins can undergo sufficient heat exchange, thereby improving the heat exchange efficiency.

[0017] Optionally, the compressor in each cooling apparatus includes a gas inlet and a gas outlet; the water cooler in each cooling apparatus includes a gas inlet and a gas outlet; where, the gas outlet of the compressor is communicated with the gas inlet of the water cooler on a same cooling apparatus.

[0018] By communicating the gas outlet of the compressor with the gas inlet of the water cooler on the same cooling apparatus, the water cooler on the same cooling apparatus can cool the gas output from the compressor.

[0019] Optionally, the number of the cooling apparatus is one; where, the gas inlet of the compressor is configured as the gas inlet of the water-cooling assembly, and the gas outlet of the water cooler is configured as the gas outlet of the water-cooling assembly.

[0020] By setting the number of the cooling apparatus to one, the structure of the water-cooling assembly can be simplified, which is beneficial to the miniaturization development of the cryogenic refrigeration mechanism.

[0021] Optionally, the number of the cooling apparatus is plurality, and the plurality of cooling apparatuses are arranged along the axial direction of the compressor; where, among two adjacent cooling apparatuses, the cooling apparatus far away from the heat exchange assembly is configured as a first cooling apparatus, the cooling apparatus close to the heat exchange assembly is configured as a second cooling apparatus, and the gas outlet of the water cooler of the first cooling apparatus is communicated with the gas inlet of the compressor of the second cooling apparatus; the gas inlet of the compressor on the cooling apparatus located at an end of the water-cooling assembly away from the heat exchange assembly is configured as the gas inlet of the water-cooling assembly; the gas outlet of the water cooler on the cooling apparatus adjacent to the heat exchange assembly is configured as the gas outlet of the water-cooling assembly.

[0022] By setting the number of the cooling apparatus to be plurality, the refrigeration efficiency of the water-cooling assembly can be improved to meet the application scenarios requiring large cooling capacity. By communicating the gas outlet of the water cooler in the first cooling apparatus with the gas inlet of the compressor in the second cooling apparatus, the gas circuits between two adjacent cooling apparatuses can be connected in series; this can extend the path of the gas in the water-cooling assembly, thereby improving the refrigeration efficiency of the water-cooling assembly and further enhancing the refrigeration efficiency of the cryogenic refrigeration mechanism.

[0023] Optionally, the compressor includes a motor, a stator, a rotor and a compression impeller; where, an output shaft of the motor is connected to the rotor, the stator is configured to fix the output shaft of the motor, the compression impeller is fixedly connected to the rotor, and the rotor is configured to drive the compression impeller to rotate.

[0024] Optionally, in the axial direction of the compressor, the compressors of some of adjacent cooling apparatus pairs share one stator; where, the shared stator is provided with a vent hole, and the vent hole is configured to communicate the gas outlet of the water cooler of the first cooling apparatus with the gas inlet of the compressor of the second cooling apparatus.

[0025] By having the compressors of some adjacent cooling apparatuses share one stator, the structure of the water-cooling assembly can be simplified and costs can be saved. By arranging a vent hole on the shared stator, the gas circuits between two adjacent cooling apparatuses can be connected in series.

[0026] Optionally, the water cooler is of an annular barrel structure.

[0027] By configuring the water cooler as an annular barrel structure, the compressor may be arranged inside the water cooler, so that the compressor and the water cooler form one cooling apparatus, reducing the occupied space and facilitating the miniaturization development of the cryogenic refrigeration mechanism. In addition, the heat generated by the compressor rotor during operation can also be carried away by the gas.

[0028] Optionally, the water cooler includes a carrier and a tube bundle structure; where, the carrier is of an annular plate structure, and the tube bundle structure is arranged on the carrier along a circumferential direction of the carrier; in a radial direction of the carrier, the tube bundle structure includes a plurality of U-shaped bends connected end to end; both an inlet and an outlet of the tube bundle structure are located on the carrier; the inlet of the tube bundle structure is configured as the gas inlet of the water cooler; the outlet of the tube bundle structure is configured as the gas outlet of the water cooler.

[0029] By configuring the tube bundle structure to include a plurality of U-shaped bends connected end to end, the length of the pipeline of the water cooler may be extended, thereby prolonging the time that the gas flows through the water cooler, further improving the cooling effect of the water cooler on the gas in the tube bundle structure, and thus enhancing the refrigeration efficiency.

[0030] Optionally, the water-cooling assembly further includes a plurality of flow guide tubes; where, the plurality of flow guide tubes are arranged at intervals along a circumferential direction of the water cooler, and the flow guide tube is located on an outer side of the water cooler; the flow guide tube is configured to communicate the gas inlet of the water-cooling assembly with the gas return port of the heat exchange assembly.

[0031] By providing the flow guide tubes, the water-cooling assembly and the reverse flow channel of the heat exchanger may be communicated, so as to realize the communication between the gas inlet of the water-cooling assembly and the gas return port of the heat exchange assembly. By arranging the flow guide tube on the outer side of the water cooler, compared with arranging the flow guide tube on the inner side of the water cooler or passing it through the water cooler, sufficient space can be provided for the arrangement of the flow guide tubes, reducing the difficulty in arranging the flow guide tubes. By arranging the flow guide tubes along the circumferential direction of the water cooler, the volume of the water-cooling assembly can be reduced, the volume of the cryogenic refrigeration mechanism can be decreased, which is beneficial to the miniaturization development of the cryogenic refrigeration mechanism.

[0032] Optionally, the cryogenic refrigeration mechanism further includes a housing; where, the cooling apparatus is fixedly arranged in the housing; a water-cooling cavity is arranged in the housing, the tube bundle structure of the water cooler is located in the water-cooling cavity, and the carrier of the water cooler is hermetically connected to the housing; the housing is provided with a water inlet and a water outlet which are communicated with the water-cooling cavity, the water inlet is configured to allow cooling water to enter the water-cooling cavity, and the water outlet is configured to allow the cooling water in the water-cooling cavity to be discharged.

[0033] Optionally, the housing further includes an installation cavity; where, an inner side of each cooling apparatus is provided with one installation cavity; the compressor of the cooling apparatus is arranged in the installation cavity.

[0034] Optionally, the cooling apparatus further includes a first flow guide baffle and a second flow guide baffle; where, in a radial direction of the water cooler, one end of the first flow guide baffle is arranged around an outer side of the gas inlet of the compressor, and the other end is connected to the carrier of the water cooler; in the radial direction of the water cooler, one end of the second flow guide baffle is arranged around an outer side of the gas outlet of the compressor, and the other end is connected to the carrier of the water cooler; the first flow guide baffle and the second flow guide baffle are arranged at intervals, and a first flow channel is formed between the first flow guide baffle and the second flow guide baffle; the first flow channel is communicated with the gas outlet of the compressor, and the first flow channel is communicated with the gas inlet of the water cooler.

[0035] By providing the first flow guide baffle and the second flow guide baffle, and forming the first flow channel between the first flow guide baffle and the second flow guide baffle, the gas inlet of the water cooler may be communicated with the gas outlet of the compressor through the first flow channel. Compared with the related art where a connecting pipeline is arranged between the gas inlet of the water cooler and the gas outlet of the compressor, this can reduce the risk of pipeline leakage, simplify the structure between the gas outlet of the compressor and the gas inlet of the water cooler, thereby simplifying the structure of the water-cooling assembly, and also enabling the structure of the water-cooling assembly to be more compact, which is beneficial to reducing the volume of the cryogenic refrigeration mechanism and promoting the miniaturization development of the cryogenic refrigeration mechanism.

[0036] Optionally, the water-cooling assembly further includes an end cover; where, the end cover is located at an end of the water-cooling assembly away from the heat exchange assembly and is fixedly connected to the housing; in the axial direction of the compressor, the end cover and the first flow guide baffle adjacent to the end cover are arranged at intervals, and a second flow channel is formed between the end cover and the first flow guide baffle, the second flow channel is communicated with both the flow guide tube and the gas inlet of the water-cooling assembly.

[0037] By providing the end cover and forming the second flow channel between the end cover and the first flow guide baffle, compared with the related art where a specific connecting pipe is arranged to introduce the return gas from the heat exchange assembly into the water-cooling assembly, this can reduce the risk of pipeline leakage, simplify the structure of the gas flow channel used for the gas returning from the heat exchange assembly to the water-cooling assembly, thereby simplifying the structure of the water-cooling assembly, and also enabling the structure of the water-cooling assembly to be more compact, which is beneficial to reducing the volume of the cryogenic refrigeration mechanism and facilitating the miniaturization development of the cryogenic refrigeration mechanism.

[0038] Optionally, the second flow guide baffle is spaced apart from an outer wall of the installation cavity, and a third flow channel is formed between the second flow guide baffle and the outer wall of the installation cavity; where, the third flow channel of the first cooling apparatus is communicated with the third flow channel of the second cooling apparatus, and the third flow channel of the second cooling apparatus is communicated with the gas inlet of the compressor of the second cooling apparatus.

[0039] By arranging the second flow guide baffle spaced apart from the outer wall of the installation cavity and forming the third flow channel between the second flow guide baffle and the outer wall of the installation cavity, compared with the related art where a specific connecting pipe is arranged to introduce the gas flowing out of the water cooler into the first compressor, this can simplify a pipeline structure between adjacent cooling apparatuses, reduce the risk of pipeline leakage, simplify the structure of the water-cooling assembly, and also enable the structure of the water-cooling assembly to be more compact, which is beneficial to reducing the volume of the cryogenic refrigeration mechanism and promoting the miniaturization development of the cryogenic refrigeration mechanism.

[0040] Optionally, the water-cooling assembly further includes a third flow guide baffle; where, the third flow guide baffle is arranged on the outer side of the gas inlet of the compressor of the cooling apparatus adjacent to the heat exchange assembly; the first flow guide baffle and the third flow guide baffle of the cooling apparatus adjacent to the heat exchange assembly are arranged at intervals, and a fourth flow channel is formed between the first flow guide baffle and the third flow guide baffle; a gas passing hole is provided between the third flow channel and the fourth flow channel of the cooling apparatus adjacent to the heat exchange assembly, and the gas passing hole is configured to communicate the third flow channel with the fourth flow channel.

[0041] By providing the third flow guide baffle and arranging the third flow guide baffle on the outer side of the gas inlet of the compressor of the cooling apparatus adjacent to the heat exchange assembly, the gas entering the compressor of the cooling apparatus adjacent to the heat exchange assembly may be prevented from leaking out, so as to ensure that all the gas output from the water cooler of the first cooling apparatus may enter the compressor of the second cooling apparatus, improving the refrigeration efficiency.

[0042] Optionally, the heat exchange assembly is fixedly connected to the water-cooling assembly.

[0043] By fixedly connecting the heat exchange assembly to the water-cooling assembly, the structure of the cryogenic refrigeration mechanism can be more compact, the volume of the cryogenic refrigeration mechanism can be reduced, which is beneficial to the miniaturization development of the cryogenic refrigeration mechanism. In addition, this can also reduce the connecting structure between the water-cooling assembly and the heat exchange assembly, thereby reducing the vibration of the entire cryogenic refrigeration mechanism and further reducing noise.

[0044] Optionally, a rotating mechanism is provided between the heat exchange assembly and the water-cooling assembly; where, one end of the rotating mechanism is fixedly connected to the heat exchange assembly, and the other end is fixedly connected to the water-cooling assembly; the rotating mechanism is configured to rotatably connect the heat exchange assembly with the water-cooling assembly; the rotating mechanism is also configured for the gas circuit connection between the heat exchange assembly and the water-cooling assembly.

[0045] By arranging the rotating mechanism between the heat exchange assembly and the water-cooling assembly, the cryogenic refrigeration mechanism may be applied to scenarios where the heat exchange assembly needs to rotate together with a rotating platform, such as an inside the main shaft of a superconducting motor. In addition, compared with conventional low-temperature gas rotating mechanisms, the rotating mechanism of the technical solution of the present application may be at room temperature, without the need to add vacuum insulation components, thereby simplifying the structure, reducing cooling capacity loss, and also improving system reliability.

[0046] Optionally, the rotating mechanism is a slip ring structure.

[0047] Optionally, the expander and the compressor of the cooling apparatus adjacent to the expander are arranged coaxially.

[0048] By arranging adjacent expanders coaxially, the structure of the water-cooling assembly can be simplified, thereby reducing costs.

[0049] Optionally, the expander includes a rotating shaft and an expansion impeller; where, the expansion impeller is located at an end of the rotating shaft away from the water-cooling assembly; an end of the rotating shaft away from the expansion impeller is provided with a generator or a resistance apparatus.

[0050] By arranging a generator at the end of the rotating shaft of the expander away from the expansion impeller, the expansion work of the expander may be converted into electrical energy for recovery, and the rotation of the expander may also be controlled by the motor, thereby realizing more precise expansion control. By arranging a resistance apparatus at the end of the rotating shaft of the expander away from the expansion impeller, the expansion work of the compressor can be absorbed and converted into heat, which is discharged through cooling water.BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF DRAWINGS

[0051] To describe the technical solutions of embodiments of the present application or in the prior art more clearly, the following briefly introduces the accompanying drawings used in description of the embodiments or the prior art. Apparently, the accompanying drawings in the following description are some embodiments of the present application, and for persons of ordinary skill in the art, they may still derive other drawings from these accompanying drawings without creative effort. FIG. 1 is a structural schematic diagram of a cryogenic refrigeration mechanism provided in an embodiment of the present application. FIG. 2 is a structural schematic diagram of a cryogenic refrigeration mechanism provided in an embodiment of the present application. FIG. 3 is a cross-sectional structural schematic diagram of a cryogenic refrigeration mechanism provided in an embodiment of the present application. FIG. 4 is a cross-sectional structural schematic diagram of a heat exchanger of a cryogenic refrigeration mechanism provided in an embodiment of the present application. FIG. 5 is a structural schematic diagram of a heat exchange fin of a heat exchanger of a cryogenic refrigeration mechanism provided in an embodiment of the present application. FIG. 5A is a structural schematic diagram of a heat exchange fin of a heat exchanger of a cryogenic refrigeration mechanism provided in an embodiment of the present application. FIG. 6 is a schematic diagram of a gas flow path of a cryogenic refrigeration mechanism provided in an embodiment of the present application. FIG. 7 is a schematic diagram of a thermodynamic process of a cryogenic refrigeration mechanism provided in an embodiment of the present application. FIG. 8 is a partially enlarged schematic diagram of a cross-section of a cryogenic refrigeration mechanism provided in an embodiment of the present application. FIG. 9 is a structural schematic diagram of a water cooler of a cryogenic refrigeration mechanism provided in an embodiment of the present application. FIG. 10 is a cross-sectional structural schematic diagram of a water cooler of a cryogenic refrigeration mechanism provided in an embodiment of the present application. FIG. 11 is a cross-sectional structural schematic diagram of a water-cooling assembly of a cryogenic refrigeration mechanism provided in an embodiment of the present application. FIG. 12 is a cross-sectional structural schematic diagram of a water-cooling assembly of a cryogenic refrigeration mechanism provided in an embodiment of the present application. FIG. 13 is a structural schematic diagram of a cryogenic refrigeration mechanism provided in an embodiment of the present application. Explanation of reference signs:

[0052] 100-cryogenic refrigeration mechanism; 110-water-cooling assembly; 111-gas inlet of water-cooling assembly; 112-gas outlet of water-cooling assembly; 113-cooling apparatus; 1131-primary cooling apparatus; 1132-secondary cooling apparatus; 1133-tertiary cooling apparatus; 114-compressor; 1141-primary compressor; 1142-secondary compressor; 1143-tertiary compressor; 1145-gas inlet of compressor; 1146-gas outlet of compressor; 10-motor; 12-stator; 15-vent hole; 13-rotor; 14-compression impeller; 115-water cooler; 1151-primary water cooler; 1152-secondary water cooler; 1153-tertiary water cooler; 1154-carrier; 1155-tube bundle structure; 1156-gas inlet of water cooler; 1157-gas outlet of water cooler; 120-heat exchange assembly; 121-gas inlet of heat exchange assembly; 122-gas return port of heat exchange assembly; 123-gas outlet of heat exchange assembly; 124-expander; 1241-expansion cone tube; 1242-generator; 125-heat exchanger; 1251-heat exchange fin; 1252-vortex flow channel; 1253-forward flow channel; 1254-inlet of forward flow channel; 1255-outlet of forward flow channel; 1256-reverse flow channel; 1257-inlet of reverse flow channel; 1258-outlet of reverse flow channel; 130-installation frame; 140-electronic drive controller; 141-installation port; 150-lifting lug; 160-housing; 161-water inlet; 162-water outlet; 163-end cover; 164-installation cavity; 1641-outer wall of installation cavity; 165-first flow guide baffle; 166-second flow guide baffle; 167-third flow guide baffle; 168-gas passing hole; 169-water-cooling cavity; 171-first flow channel; 172-second flow channel; 173-third flow channel; 174-fourth flow channel; 180-flow guide tube; 190-rotating mechanism; 200-target environment; 300-main shaft of superconducting motor.DESCRIPTION OF EMBODIMENTS

[0053] To make the objectives, technical solutions, and advantages of the present invention clearer, the following clearly and comprehensively describes the technical solutions of embodiments of the present invention with reference to the accompanying drawings of the embodiments of the present invention. Apparently, the described embodiments are some rather than all embodiments of the present invention. All other embodiments obtained by persons of ordinary skill in the art based on embodiments of the present application without creative effort shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.

[0054] In the specification, claims, and the aforementioned accompanying drawings of the present invention, the terms "comprise" and "have" and any variations thereof are intended to cover non-exclusive inclusion. For example, a process, method, system, product, or device that includes a series of steps or units is not necessarily limited to those steps or units explicitly listed, but may further include other steps or units that are not explicitly listed or are inherent to the process, method, product, or device.

[0055] Furthermore, in the present application, directional terms such as "front" and "rear" are defined relative to the schematic placement orientation of the components in the accompanying drawings. It should be understood that these directional terms are relative concepts, which are used for relative description and clarification, and may change accordingly with the change of the placement orientation of the components in the accompanying drawings.

[0056] In the embodiments of the present application, "and / or" is merely to describe a kind of association relationship of associated objects, indicating that there may be three kinds of relationships. For example, A and / or B may indicate three situations: A exists alone, both A and B exist, and B exists alone. In addition, the character " / " herein generally indicates that the associated objects before and after it are in an "or" relationship.

[0057] Hereinafter, the exemplary application scenarios of the embodiments of the present invention are described below.

[0058] An embodiment of the present application provides a cryogenic refrigeration mechanism 100. As shown in FIG. 1, the cryogenic refrigeration mechanism 100 comprises a water-cooling assembly 110 and a heat exchange assembly 120, and the water-cooling assembly 110 and the heat exchange assembly 120 are arranged opposite to each other along an axial direction. A housing 160 is provided on outer sides of the water-cooling assembly 110 and the heat exchange assembly 120, and an installation frame 130 and an electronic drive controller 140 may be arranged on the housing 160 located on the outer side of the water-cooling assembly 110, where an installation port 141 for a cable required by the electronic driver may be arranged on the electronic driver. By arranging the installation frame 130 and the electronic drive controller 140 on the housing 160 located on the outer side of the water-cooling assembly 110, when the heat exchange assembly 120 needs to rotate together with application equipment, the cryogenic refrigeration mechanism 100 may be conveniently installed, thereby improving the applicability of the cryogenic refrigeration mechanism 100.

[0059] Exemplarily, lifting lugs 150 for fixing the cryogenic refrigeration mechanism 100 may be arranged on the housing 160, the lifting lugs 150 are arranged at intervals along a circumferential direction of the water-cooling assembly 110, and a circle of lifting lugs 150 is respectively arranged at both ends of the water-cooling assembly 110. In the embodiments of the present application, no further limitation is imposed on the number and arrangement positions of the lifting lugs 150.

[0060] It should be noted that, in the embodiments of the present application, the term "arranged opposite to each other" refers to a face-to-face arrangement, which may be an oblique face-to-face arrangement or a direct face-to-face arrangement. "Arranged opposite to each other" refers to a broad sense of opposite arrangement, and it is not limited to the entire structure being arranged face-to-face, and it may also be only a part of the structure being arranged face-to-face.

[0061] As shown in FIG. 2, a water inlet 161 and a water outlet 162 are further arranged on the housing 160 of the water-cooling assembly 110, where the water inlet 161 is configured to allow cooling water to enter the water-cooling assembly 110, and the water outlet 162 is configured to allow the cooling water to be discharged from the water-cooling assembly 110.

[0062] As shown in FIG. 3, the water-cooling assembly 110 may include at least one cooling apparatus 113, each cooling apparatus 113 includes a compressor 114 and a water cooler 115, the water cooler 115 is arranged around an outer side of the compressor 114, the compressor 114 is in a gas circuit connection with the water cooler 115, and the water cooler 115 is configured to cool the gas outputted from the compressor 114 into the water cooler 115.

[0063] The heat exchange assembly 120 is arranged opposite to the water-cooling assembly 110 along the axial direction of the compressor 114, and the heat exchange assembly 120 is in a gas circuit connection with the water-cooling assembly 110. The heat exchange assembly 120 is configured to cool the gas outputted from the water-cooling assembly 110 into the heat exchange assembly 120 and discharge the cooled gas to a target environment. The heat exchange assembly 120 is also configured to allow the gas in the target environment to enter the water-cooling assembly 110 through the heat exchange assembly 120.

[0064] It should be noted that the target environment refers to the environment of an area that needs to be cooled.

[0065] In the cryogenic refrigeration mechanism 100 in the embodiment of the present application, the water-cooling assembly 110 is configured to include at least one cooling apparatus 113, and the cooling apparatus 113 includes the compressor 114 and the water cooler 115 arranged around the outer side of the compressor 114, that is to say, the compressor 114 is arranged inside the water cooler 115 to form a cooling apparatus 113. In this way, the structure of the water-cooling assembly 110 can be simplified, and the structure of the water-cooling assembly 110 can be made more compact. Compared with connecting an ordinary compressor 114 and a water cooler 115 through a pipeline, this can simplify the structure of the water-cooling apparatus, reduce the volume of the water-cooling apparatus, further reduce the volume of the water-cooling assembly 110, and reduce the volume of the entire cryogenic refrigeration mechanism 100. In addition, the noise generated during the operation of the mechanism can also be reduced.

[0066] By arranging the water-cooling assembly 110 and the heat exchange assembly 120 opposite to each other along the axial direction of the compressor 114, the gas circuit connection between the water-cooling assembly 110 and the heat exchange assembly 120 can be facilitated, the pipeline for realizing the gas flow connection between the water-cooling assembly 110 and the heat exchange assembly 120 can be simplified, and the assembly difficulty can be reduced. By the gas circuit connection between the water-cooling assembly 110 and the heat exchange assembly 120, the heat exchange assembly 120 can cool the gas output from the water-cooling assembly 110 into the heat exchange assembly 120, and the water-cooling assembly 110 may suck gas from the target environment through the heat exchange assembly 120.

[0067] Exemplarily, the water-cooling assembly 110 may include a gas inlet and a gas outlet (not shown), and the heat exchange assembly 120 includes a gas inlet (not shown), a gas outlet and a gas return port. Where, the gas return port 122 of the heat exchange assembly is arranged around an outer side of the gas outlet 123 of the heat exchange assembly, the gas inlet 111 of the water-cooling assembly is communicated with the gas return port 122 of the heat exchange assembly, the gas outlet 112 of the water-cooling assembly is communicated with the gas inlet 121 of the heat exchange assembly, the gas inlet 121 of the heat exchange assembly is communicated with the gas outlet 123 of the heat exchange assembly, and both the gas outlet 123 and the gas return port of the heat exchange assembly are communicated with the target environment.

[0068] By configuring the heat exchange assembly 120 to include a gas inlet, a gas outlet and a gas return port, the heat exchange assembly 120 may refrigerate the gas output from the water-cooling assembly 110, and also facilitate the delivery of gas in the target environment into the water-cooling assembly 110. In this way, during use, it is only necessary to place the heat exchange assembly 120 in the target environment to realize the cooling of the target environment; that is to say, even when the space of the application scenario is limited, the cryogenic refrigeration mechanism 100 of the embodiment of the present application may still be used, which expands the application scenarios of the cryogenic refrigeration mechanism 100.

[0069] Continuing to refer to FIG. 3, the heat exchange assembly 120 may include an expander 124 and a heat exchanger 125. Where, the heat exchanger 125 is arranged around an outer side of the expander 124. In the axial direction of the compressor 114, the heat exchanger 125 is arranged opposite to the water cooler 115 of the cooling apparatus 113, and the compressor 114 is arranged opposite to the expander 124. The heat exchanger 125 is in gas circuit connection with the water-cooling assembly 110, and the heat exchanger 125 is at least configured to cool the gas output from the water-cooling assembly 110 into the heat exchanger 125. The expander 124 is in gas circuit connection with the heat exchanger 125, and the expander 124 is configured to cool the gas output from the heat exchanger 125 into the expander 124 and discharge the cooled gas to the target environment.

[0070] By arranging the heat exchanger 125 around the outer side of the expander 124, the expander 124 may be arranged invisibly inside the heat exchanger 125, thereby enabling the heat exchange assembly 120 to have a compact structure and a small volume, which is beneficial to the miniaturization development of the cryogenic refrigeration mechanism 100 to adapt to more application scenarios. In addition, by arranging the expander 124 inside the heat exchanger 125, the heat exchanger 125 may also play a certain sound insulation role, thereby reducing the noise of the cryogenic refrigeration mechanism 100.

[0071] Exemplarily, the heat exchanger 125 is a counter-flow heat exchanger 125, which may include a forward flow channel 1253 and a reverse flow channel 1256 (as shown in FIG. 5 and FIG. 5A). Where, an inlet 1254 of the forward flow channel is configured as the gas inlet 121 of the heat exchange assembly, an outlet 1255 of the forward flow channel is in gas circuit connection with the inlet of the expander 124, the outlet of the expander 124 is configured as the gas outlet 123 of the heat exchange assembly, an inlet 1257 of the reverse flow channel is configured as the gas return port 122 of the heat exchange assembly, and an outlet 1258 of the reverse flow channel is communicated with the gas inlet 111 of the water-cooling assembly.

[0072] It should be noted that, in the embodiments of the present application, a flow of gas from the water-cooling assembly 110 to the heat exchange assembly 120 is defined as a forward flow, and a flow of gas from the heat exchange assembly 120 to the water-cooling assembly 110 is defined as a reverse flow.

[0073] By configuring the heat exchanger 125 to include the forward flow channel 1253 and the reverse flow channel 1256, the gas flow channel for gas entering the heat exchange assembly 120 from the water-cooling assembly 110 and the gas flow channel for gas returning to the water-cooling assembly 110 from the heat exchanger 125 may be arranged separately, so as to improve the refrigeration efficiency.

[0074] As shown in FIG. 4, exemplarily, the heat exchanger 125 may be a wound heat exchanger or a printed circuit board heat exchanger, and the entire heat exchanger 125 is of a cylindrical structure. Apparently, in other embodiments, the heat exchanger 125 may also be other types of heat exchangers 125. In the embodiments of the present application, no further limitation is imposed on the type of the heat exchanger 125.

[0075] Exemplarily, as shown in FIG. 4, the heat exchanger 125 includes a plurality of heat exchange fins 1251 arranged in a stacked manner, each heat exchange fin 1251 is provided with a vortex flow channel 1252, and rotation directions of the vortex flow channels 1252 on two adjacent heat exchange fins 1251 are opposite. As shown in FIG. 5 and FIG. 5A, the vortex flow channel 1252 on one of two adjacent heat exchange fins 1251 is configured as the forward flow channel 1253, and the vortex flow channel 1252 on the other one is configured as the reverse flow channel 1256.

[0076] Exemplarily, the number of the vortex flow channel 1252 on each heat exchange fin 1251 may be one, two, three, four or more. Where, the gas flow directions of the vortex flow channels 1252 on the same heat exchange fin 1251 are the same. When there are a plurality of vortex flow channels 1252 on the heat exchange fin 1251, the plurality of vortex flow channels 1252 are arranged alternately at intervals in a radial direction of the heat exchange fin 1251.

[0077] The heat exchange fin 1251 shown in FIG. 5 is provided with three vortex flow channels 1252, corresponding to three inlets and three outlets of the vortex flow channels 1252 respectively. Different types of lines with arrows in the figure only represent different vortex flow channels 1252, and the direction of the arrows refers to the direction of gas flow. When the vortex flow channel 1252 on the heat exchange fin 1251 is the forward flow channel 1253, the inlet 1254 of the forward flow channel is located on an outer side of the heat exchange fin 1251, and the outlet 1255 of the forward flow channel is located on an inner side of the heat exchange fin 1251.

[0078] When the vortex flow channel 1252 on the heat exchange fin 1251 is the reverse flow channel 1256, the inlet 1257 of the reverse flow channel is located on the inner side of the heat exchange fin 1251, and the outlet 1258 of the reverse flow channel is located on the outer side of the heat exchange fin 1251 (as shown in FIG. 5A). Where, the gas flow directions of the forward flow channel 1253 and the reverse flow channel 1256 are opposite.

[0079] It should be noted that, as shown in FIG. 4, FIG. 5 and FIG. 5A, in the axial direction of the heat exchanger 125, the inlets 1254 of the forward flow channels on the plurality of stacked heat exchange fins 1251 are communicated to each other, forming a part of the forward flow channel; the outlets 1255 of the forward flow channels on the plurality of stacked heat exchange fins 1251 are communicated to each other, also forming a part of the forward flow channel. That is to say, the forward flow channel of the heat exchanger 125 is composed of the flow channel formed by the inlets 1254 of the forward flow channels on the plurality of heat exchange fins, the flow channel formed by the outlets 1255 of the forward flow channels on the plurality of heat exchange fins, and the vortex flow channels on the heat exchange fins.

[0080] Similarly, in the axial direction of the heat exchanger 125, the inlets 1257 of the reverse flow channels on the plurality of stacked heat exchange fins 1251 are communicated to each other, forming a part of the reverse flow channel; the outlets 1258 of the reverse flow channels on the plurality of stacked heat exchange fins 1251 are communicated to each other, also forming a part of the reverse flow channel. That is to say, the reverse flow channel of the heat exchanger 125 is composed of the flow channel formed by the inlets 1257 of the reverse flow channels on the plurality of heat exchange fins, the flow channel formed by the outlets 1258 of the reverse flow channels on the plurality of heat exchange fins, and the vortex flow channels on the heat exchange fins.

[0081] In the embodiments of the present application, no further limitation is imposed on the number of the vortex flow channel 1252 on each heat exchange fin 1251.

[0082] By configuring the heat exchanger 125 as a wound heat exchanger 125 or a printed circuit board heat exchanger 125, the heat exchange efficiency can be improved, thereby enhancing the refrigeration efficiency of the cryogenic refrigeration mechanism 100. By arranging the vortex flow channels 1252 on the heat exchange fins 1251, the size of the flow channels may be longer, so as to increase the heat exchange time and improve the heat exchange effect. By making the rotation directions of the vortex flow channels 1252 on two adjacent heat exchange fins 1251 opposite, the gas flows between the two adjacent heat exchange fins 1251 may fully exchange heat, improving the heat exchange efficiency.

[0083] Exemplarily, the counter-flow heat exchanger 125 may realize reverse flow heat exchange between the high-pressure room-temperature gas in forward flow and the low-pressure low-temperature gas with heat load from the target environment in reverse flow, so as to maximize the recovery of cold energy, realize refrigeration and improve system efficiency.

[0084] To obtain a high-density heat exchanger 125 and a highly integrated cryogenic refrigeration mechanism, as shown in FIG. 4 and FIG. 5, the printed circuit board heat exchanger 125 usually adopts multiple thin metal sheets (i.e., heat exchange fins 1251), complex flow channels are obtained through photolithographic etching, and then the multiple thin metal sheets are stacked and welded into an integral body by a diffusion welding process.

[0085] FIG. 5 shows a pattern of the vortex flow channel 1252 on the heat exchange fin 1251. The forward gas flow enters the forward flow channel 1253 from the inlet at an outer edge, fully exchanges heat with the reverse gas flow in the reverse flow channel 1256 of an adjacent heat exchange fin 1251 through the long forward flow channel 1253, and then converges and flows out from the outlet 1255 of the forward flow channel at an inner ring edge of the heat exchange fin 1251 to the expander 124.

[0086] In some embodiments, more protruding fins may be made in the vortex flow channel 1252 of the counter-flow heat exchanger 125 to increase the heat exchange area and welding area. In the embodiments of the present application, no further limitation is imposed on the structure of the heat exchange fin 1251.

[0087] The gas flow path of the low-temperature cooling mechanism will be described below with reference to the accompanying drawings.

[0088] It should be noted that when the low-temperature cooling mechanism refrigerates the target environment, the low-temperature cooling mechanism may suck gas from the target environment, and output the gas to the target environment after a series of cooling processes. For the convenience of description, in the embodiments of the present application, the gas flow path through which the low-temperature cooling mechanism sucks gas from the target environment is referred to as a reverse gas flow path, and the gas flow path through which the low-temperature cooling mechanism outputs the gas sucked from the target environment to the target environment after a series of cooling processes is referred to as a forward gas flow path.

[0089] As shown in FIG. 6, the solid lines with arrows represent the forward gas flow path, and the dashed lines with arrows represent the reverse gas flow path. When the low-temperature cooling mechanism is working, the compressor 114 in the water-cooling assembly 110 may generate a suction force when working, and then suck the gas in the target environment 200 into the gas inlet 111 of the water-cooling assembly through the gas return port 122 of the heat exchange assembly (i.e., the inlet 1257 of the reverse flow channel of the heat exchanger 125). The gas entering the water-cooling assembly 110 is cooled by the water-cooling assembly 110 and then discharged from the gas outlet 112 of the water-cooling assembly to the gas inlet 121 of the heat exchange assembly (i.e., the inlet 1254 of the forward flow channel of the heat exchanger 125). The gas entering the heat exchange assembly 120 is cooled by the heat exchange assembly 120 and then discharged from the gas outlet 123 of the heat exchange assembly (i.e., the outlet 1255 of the forward flow channel of the heat exchanger 125) to the target environment 200.

[0090] Exemplarily, the compressor 114 in each cooling apparatus 113 includes a gas inlet and a gas outlet, the water cooler 115 in each cooling apparatus 113 includes a gas inlet and a gas outlet, and the gas outlet 1146 of the compressor is communicated with the gas inlet 1156 of the water cooler on the same cooling apparatus 113.

[0091] By communicating the gas outlet 1146 of the compressor with the gas inlet 1156 of the water cooler on the same cooling apparatus 113, the water cooler 115 on the same cooling apparatus 113 may cool the gas output from the compressor 114.

[0092] In some embodiments, the number of the cooling apparatus 113 may be plurality, and the plurality of cooling apparatuses 113 are arranged along the axial direction of the compressor 114. Among two adjacent cooling apparatuses 113, the cooling apparatus 113 far away from the heat exchange assembly 120 is configured as a first cooling apparatus 113, the cooling apparatus 113 close to the heat exchange assembly 120 is configured as a second cooling apparatus 113, and the gas outlet 1157 of the water cooler in the first cooling apparatus 113 is communicated with the gas inlet 1145 of the compressor in the second cooling apparatus 113. The gas inlet 1145 of the compressor on the cooling apparatus 113 located at an end of the water-cooling assembly 110 away from the heat exchange assembly 120 is configured as the gas inlet 111 of the water-cooling assembly. The gas outlet 1157 of the water cooler on the cooling apparatus 113 adjacent to the heat exchange assembly 120 is configured as the gas outlet 112 of the water-cooling assembly.

[0093] It should be noted that the number of the cooling apparatus 113 may be two, three, four, five or more, and in the embodiments of the present application, no further limitation is imposed on the number of the cooling apparatus 113. The cooling apparatus 113 located at the end of the water-cooling assembly 110 away from the heat exchange assembly 120 refers to the cooling apparatus 113 farthest from the heat exchange assembly 120 in the axial direction of the compressor 114, i.e., the first cooling apparatus 113 where the water-cooling assembly 110 starts cooling. The cooling apparatus 113 adjacent to the heat exchange assembly 120 refers to the cooling apparatus 113 closest to the heat exchange assembly 120, i.e., the last cooling apparatus 113 where the water-cooling assembly 110 performs cooling. After passing through the last cooling apparatus 113, the gas flow may enter the heat exchange assembly 120 for further cooling.

[0094] By configuring the number of the cooling apparatus 113 to be plurality, the refrigeration efficiency of the water-cooling assembly 110 can be improved, so as to meet the application scenarios requiring large cooling capacity. By communicating the gas outlet 1157 of the water cooler in the first cooling apparatus 113 with the gas inlet 1145 of the compressor in the second cooling apparatus 113, the gas circuits between two adjacent cooling apparatuses 113 may be connected in series. This can extend the path of gas in the water-cooling assembly 110, thereby improving the refrigeration efficiency of the water-cooling assembly 110 and further enhancing the refrigeration efficiency of the cryogenic refrigeration mechanism 100.

[0095] The gas flow path of the cooling apparatus 113 in the water-cooling assembly 110 will be described below.

[0096] In the embodiments of the present application, for the convenience of description, the cooling apparatus 113 farthest from the heat exchange assembly 120 in the axial direction of the compressor 114 is referred to as a primary cooling apparatus 1131, the compressor 114 on the primary cooling apparatus 1131 is referred to as a primary compressor 1141, and the water cooler 115 on the primary cooling apparatus 1131 is referred to as a primary water cooler 1151, where the primary compressor 1141 is communicated with the gas return port 122 of the heat exchange assembly.

[0097] In a direction from the water-cooling assembly 110 to the heat exchange assembly 120, the cooling apparatus adjacent to the primary cooling apparatus 1131 is a secondary cooling apparatus 1132, the compressor 114 on the secondary cooling apparatus 1132 is a secondary compressor 1142, and the water cooler 115 on the secondary cooling apparatus 1132 is a secondary water cooler 1152. The cooling apparatus adjacent to the secondary cooling apparatus 1132 is a tertiary cooling apparatus 1133, the compressor 114 on the tertiary cooling apparatus 1133 is a tertiary compressor 1143, and the water cooler 115 on the tertiary cooling apparatus 1133 is a tertiary water cooler 1153, and so on.

[0098] It should be noted that "the gas circuits of two adjacent cooling apparatuses 113 are connected in series with each other" means that the gas outlet 1146 of the primary compressor is communicated with the gas inlet of the primary water cooler 1151, the gas outlet of the primary water cooler 1151 is communicated with the gas inlet of the secondary compressor 1142, the gas outlet of the secondary compressor 1142 is communicated with the gas inlet of the secondary water cooler 1152, the gas outlet of the secondary water cooler 1152 is communicated with the gas inlet of the tertiary compressor 1143, the gas outlet of the tertiary compressor 1143 is communicated with the gas inlet of the tertiary water cooler 1153, the gas outlet of the tertiary water cooler 1153 is communicated with the gas inlet 1145 of the quaternary compressor, and so on, until the gas outlet 1157 of the water cooler adjacent to the heat exchange assembly 120 is communicated with the heat exchange assembly 120.

[0099] Continuing to refer to FIG. 6, the number of the cooling apparatus 113 is three, and the three cooling apparatuses 113 are arranged adjacent to each other along the axial direction of the compressor 114.

[0100] It should be noted that, in the embodiment of the present application, the axial direction of the compressor 114 is the same as the axial direction of the water-cooling assembly 110.

[0101] In the embodiments of the present application, the cooling apparatus 113 farthest from the heat exchange assembly 120 is configured as the primary cooling apparatus 1131, the cooling apparatus 113 adjacent to the heat exchange assembly 120 is configured as the tertiary cooling apparatus 1133, and the cooling apparatus 113 located between the primary cooling apparatus 1131 and the tertiary cooling apparatus 1133 is configured as the secondary cooling apparatus 1132.

[0102] Where, the gas inlet 1145 of the primary compressor of the primary cooling apparatus 1131 is communicated with the outlet 1258 of the reverse flow channel of the heat exchange assembly 120 (as shown in FIG. 5A). The reverse gas flow path is: entering from the gas return port 122 of the heat exchange assembly, passing through the reverse flow channel 1256 of the heat exchanger 125, and then entering the gas inlet 1145 of the primary compressor.

[0103] The gas outlet of the primary compressor 1141 is communicated with the gas inlet of the primary water cooler 1151, the gas outlet of the primary water cooler 1151 is communicated with the gas inlet of the secondary compressor 1142, the gas outlet of the secondary compressor 1142 is communicated with the gas inlet of the secondary water cooler 1152, the gas outlet of the secondary water cooler 1152 is communicated with the gas inlet of the tertiary compressor 1143, the gas outlet of the tertiary compressor 1143 is communicated with the gas inlet of the tertiary water cooler 1153, and the gas outlet of the tertiary water cooler 1153 is communicated with the inlet 1254 of the forward flow channel of the heat exchanger 125. The forward gas flow path is: starting from the gas inlet 1145 of the primary compressor, passing through the primary cooling apparatus 1131, the secondary cooling apparatus 1132 and the tertiary cooling apparatus 1133 in sequence, then entering the heat exchanger 125 from the inlet 1254 of the forward flow channel of the heat exchanger 125, reaching the inlet of the expander 124 through the forward flow channel 1253 in the heat exchanger 125, and then after expansion by the expander 124, flowing out from the gas outlet 123 of the heat exchange assembly to the target environment.

[0104] It should be noted that some of the gas inlets 1145 and gas outlets 1146 of the compressors in the figures, as well as some of the gas inlets 1156 and gas outlets 1157 of the water coolers in the figures are not fully marked. Reference may be made to the inflow and outflow directions of the lines with arrows; it can be understood that the position where the line with an arrow enters is the gas inlet, and the position where it flows out is the gas outlet. No repeated description will be given in the embodiments of the present application.

[0105] The thermodynamic flow diagram of the cryogenic refrigeration mechanism 100 is shown in FIG. 7. In the embodiment of the present application, the gas in the target environment is compressed by the primary compressor 1141 and then enters the primary water cooler 1151; the gas cooled by the primary water cooler 1151 enters the secondary compressor 1142; after being compressed by the secondary compressor 1142, the gas enters the secondary water cooler 1152; the gas cooled by the secondary water cooler 1152 enters the heat exchanger 125; after being processed by the heat exchanger 125, the gas enters the expander 124 and is discharged to the target environment; the gas in the target environment flows back to the primary compressor 1141 through the heat exchanger 125 again. Such a cycle may achieve the effect of refrigerating the target environment. The direction of the arrows in the figure refers to the direction of gas flow.

[0106] It should be noted that, in some other embodiments, the number of the cooling apparatus 113 in the water-cooling assembly 110 may also be one (not shown in the figure). In such a technical solution, the gas inlet 1145 of the compressor is configured as the gas inlet 111 of the water-cooling assembly, and the gas outlet 1157 of the water cooler is configured as the gas outlet 112 of the water-cooling assembly.

[0107] By setting the number of the cooling apparatus 113 to one, the structure of the water-cooling assembly 110 can be simplified, which is beneficial to the miniaturization development of the cryogenic refrigeration mechanism 100. As for the gas flow path in which one cooling device 113 is provided, reference can be made to the gas flow path with the two cooling apparatuses 113 described above, and no further limitation is imposed in the embodiments of the present application.

[0108] In some embodiments, as shown in FIG. 8, the compressor 114 includes a motor 10, a stator 12, a rotor 13 and a compression impeller 14. Where, the output shaft of the motor 10 is connected to the rotor 13, the stator 12 is configured to fix the output shaft of the motor 10, the compression impeller 14 is fixedly connected to the rotor 13, and the rotor 13 is configured to drive the compression impeller 14 to rotate.

[0109] In some embodiments, in the axial direction of the compressor 114, the compressors 114 of some of adjacent two cooling apparatuses 113 share one stator 12. Where, the shared stator 12 is provided with a vent hole 15, and the vent hole 15 is configured to communicate the gas outlet 1157 of the water cooler in the first cooling apparatus 113 with the gas inlet 1145 of the compressor in the second cooling apparatus 113.

[0110] It should be noted that, in some embodiments, when the number of the cooling apparatus 113 is plurality, the compressors 114 of the plurality of cooling apparatuses 113 and the expander 124 of a heat exchange apparatus may be arranged coaxially (as shown in FIG. 6). The expander 124 is a turbo expander 124. Coaxial arrangement refers to sharing a single shaft, and the shared shaft may be the output shaft of the motor 10 in FIG. 7. Such an arrangement may reduce the vibration of the expander 124 and the compressor 114, thereby reducing noise.

[0111] By having the compressors 114 of some of adjacent two cooling apparatuses 113 share one stator 12, the structure of the water-cooling assembly 110 can be simplified and costs can be saved. By arranging the vent hole 15 on the shared stator 12, the gas circuits between two adjacent cooling apparatuses 113 may be connected in series.

[0112] As shown in FIG. 9, the water cooler 115 is of an annular barrel structure.

[0113] By configuring the water cooler 115 into an annular barrel structure, the compressor 114 may be arranged inside the water cooler 115, so that the compressor 114 and the water cooler 115 form one cooling apparatus 113, which reduces the occupied space and is beneficial to the miniaturization development of the cryogenic refrigeration mechanism 100. In addition, the heat generated by the rotor 13 of the compressor 114 during operation may also be taken away by the gas.

[0114] Exemplarily, the water cooler 115 includes a carrier 1154 and a tube bundle structure 1155. Where, the carrier 1154 is of an annular plate structure, and the tube bundle structure 1155 is arranged on the carrier 1154 along a circumferential direction of the carrier 1154. As shown in FIG. 10, in a radial direction of the carrier 1154, the tube bundle structure 1155 includes a plurality ofU-shaped bends connected end to end. Both an inlet and an outlet of the tube bundle structure 1155 are located on the carrier 1154, the inlet of the tube bundle structure 1155 is configured as the gas inlet 1156 of the water cooler, and the outlet of the tube bundle structure 1155 is configured as the gas outlet 1157 of the water cooler. It should be noted that the inlet and outlet of the tube bundle structure 1155 may be selected according to specific circumstances; the marks in the figures represent only one case. In some other cases, the inlet and outlet of the tube bundle structure 1155 may be interchanged, and no further limitation is imposed in the embodiments of the present application.

[0115] By configuring the tube bundle structure 1155 to include a plurality of U-shaped bends connected end to end, a length of the pipeline of the water cooler 115 may be extended, thereby prolonging the time that the gas flows through the water cooler 115, further improving the cooling effect of the water cooler 115 on the gas in the tube bundle structure 1155, and thus enhancing the refrigeration efficiency.

[0116] In some embodiments, continuing to refer to FIG. 3, the cryogenic refrigeration mechanism 100 further includes a housing 160, where both the water-cooling assembly 110 and the heat exchange assembly 120 are located in the housing 160, and the cooling apparatus 113 is fixedly arranged in the housing 160. A water-cooling cavity 169 is arranged in the housing 160, the tube bundle structure 1155 of the water cooler 115 is located in the water-cooling cavity 169, and the carrier 1154 of the water cooler 115 is hermetically connected to the housing 160. The housing 160 is provided with a water inlet 161 and a water outlet 162 which are communicated with the water-cooling cavity 169; the water inlet 161 is configured to allow cooling water to enter the water-cooling cavity 169, and the water outlet 162 is configured to allow the cooling water in the water-cooling cavity 169 to be discharged.

[0117] Exemplarily, as shown in FIG. 11, the housing 160 further includes an installation cavity 164, where an inner side of each cooling apparatus 113 is provided with one installation cavity 164. The compressor 114 of the cooling apparatus 113 is arranged in the installation cavity 164. In this way, the compressor 114 may be arranged invisibly inside the water cooler 115, which may reduce the volume of the cooling apparatus 113, and the water cooler 115 can play a certain sound insulation role for the compressor 114, thereby reducing noise.

[0118] Continuing to refer to FIG. 11, the cooling apparatus 113 may further include a first flow guide baffle 165 and a second flow guide baffle 166. Where, in the radial direction of the water cooler 115, one end of the first flow guide baffle 165 is arranged around the outer side of the gas inlet 1145 of the compressor, and the other end is connected to the carrier 1154 of the water cooler 115. In the radial direction of the water cooler 115, one end of the second flow guide baffle 166 is arranged around the outer side of the gas outlet 1146 of the compressor, and the other end is connected to the carrier 1154 of the water cooler 115. The first flow guide baffle 165 and the second flow guide baffle 166 are arranged at intervals, and a first flow channel 171 is formed between the first flow guide baffle 165 and the second flow guide baffle 166. The first flow channel 171 is communicated with the gas outlet 1146 of the compressor, and the first flow channel 171 is communicated with the gas inlet 1156 of the water cooler.

[0119] By providing the first flow guide baffle 165 and the second flow guide baffle 166, and forming the first flow channel 171 between the first flow guide baffle 165 and the second flow guide baffle 166, the gas inlet 1156 of the water cooler may be communicated with the gas outlet 1146 of the compressor through the first flow channel 171. Compared with the related art where a connecting pipeline is arranged between the gas inlet 1156 of the water cooler and the gas outlet 1146 of the compressor, this can reduce the risk of pipeline leakage, simplify the structure between the gas outlet 1146 of the compressor and the gas inlet 1156 of the water cooler, and thus simplify the structure of the water-cooling assembly 110, and also enable the structure of the water-cooling assembly 110 to be more compact, which is beneficial to reducing the volume of the cryogenic refrigeration mechanism 100 and promoting the miniaturization development of the cryogenic refrigeration mechanism 100.

[0120] It should be noted that part of the structures of the first flow guide baffle 165 and the second flow guide baffle 166 is located in the installation cavity 164, and part of the structures extends to an outside of the installation cavity 164 and is connected to the carrier 1154 of the water cooler 115. In the embodiments of the present application, no further limitation is imposed on the shapes and sizes of the first flow guide baffle 165 and the second flow guide baffle 166, and they can be specifically set according to requirements.

[0121] Continuing to refer to FIG. 11, the water-cooling assembly 110 further includes an end cover 163. Where, the end cover 163 is located at an end of the water-cooling assembly 110 away from the heat exchange assembly 120 and is fixedly connected to the housing 160. In the axial direction of the compressor 114, the end cover 163 and the first flow guide baffle 165 adjacent to the end cover 163 are arranged at intervals, and a second flow channel 172 is formed between the end cover 163 and the first flow guide baffle 165. The second flow channel 172 is communicated with both a flow guide tube 180 and the gas inlet 111 of the water-cooling assembly.

[0122] By providing the end cover 163 and forming the second flow channel 172 between the end cover 163 and the first flow guide baffle 165, compared with the related art where a specific connecting pipe is arranged to introduce the return gas of the heat exchange assembly 120 into the water-cooling assembly 110, this may reduce the risk of pipeline leakage, simplify the structure of the gas flow channel used for the gas returning from the heat exchange assembly 120 to the water-cooling assembly 110, and thus simplify the structure of the water-cooling assembly 110, and also enable the structure of the water-cooling assembly 110 to be more compact, which is beneficial to reducing the volume of the cryogenic refrigeration mechanism 100 and promoting the miniaturization development of the cryogenic refrigeration mechanism 100.

[0123] Exemplarily, the second flow guide baffle 166 is spaced apart from an outer wall 1641 of the installation cavity, and a third flow channel 173 is formed between the second flow guide baffle 166 and the outer wall 1641 of the installation cavity. Where, the third flow channel 173 of the first cooling apparatus 113 is communicated with the third flow channel 173 of the second cooling apparatus 113, and the third flow channel 173 of the second cooling apparatus 113 is communicated with the gas inlet 1145 of the compressor of the second cooling apparatus 113.

[0124] By arranging the second flow guide baffle 166 spaced apart from the outer wall 1641 of the installation cavity and forming the third flow channel 173 between the second flow guide baffle 166 and the outer wall 1641 of the installation cavity, compared with the related art where a specific connecting pipe is arranged to introduce the gas flowing out of the water cooler 115 into the first compressor 114, this can simplify a pipeline structure between adjacent cooling apparatuses 113, reduce the risk of pipeline leakage, simplify the structure of the water-cooling assembly 110, and also enable the structure of the water-cooling assembly 110 to be more compact, which is beneficial to reducing the volume of the cryogenic refrigeration mechanism 100 and promoting the miniaturization development of the cryogenic refrigeration mechanism 100.

[0125] In a possible embodiment, the water-cooling assembly 110 may further include a third flow guide baffle 167. Where, the third flow guide baffle 167 is arranged on the outer side of the gas inlet 1145 of the compressor of the cooling apparatus 113 adjacent to the heat exchange assembly 120. The first flow guide baffle 165 and the third flow guide baffle 167 of the cooling apparatus 113 adjacent to the heat exchange assembly 120 are arranged at intervals, and a fourth flow channel 174 is formed between the first flow guide baffle 165 and the third flow guide baffle 167. A gas passing hole 168 is provided between the third flow channel 173 and the fourth flow channel 174 of the cooling apparatus 113 adjacent to the heat exchange assembly 120, and the gas passing hole 168 is configured to communicate the third flow channel 173 with the fourth flow channel 174.

[0126] Exemplarily, the number of the gas passing hole 168 may be plurality, and the plurality of gas passing holes 168 are arranged at intervals along the circumferential direction of the first flow guide baffle 165. In the embodiments of the present application, no further limitation is imposed on the number of the gas passing hole 168.

[0127] By providing the third flow guide baffle 167 and arranging the third flow guide baffle 167 on the outer side of the gas inlet 1145 of the compressor of the cooling apparatus 113 adjacent to the heat exchange assembly 120, the gas entering the compressor 114 of the cooling apparatus 113 adjacent to the heat exchange assembly 120 may be prevented from leaking out, so as to ensure that all the gas output from the water cooler 115 of the first cooling apparatus 113 may enter the compressor 114 of the second cooling apparatus 113, thereby improving the refrigeration efficiency.

[0128] It should be noted that structures for installation and fixation may also be provided on the end cover 163, the first flow guide baffle 165, the second flow guide baffle 166, the third flow guide baffle 167 and the fourth flow guide baffle. In the embodiments of the present application, no further description is given for these structures for installation and fixation.

[0129] In a possible embodiment, the water-cooling assembly 110 further includes a plurality of flow guide tubes 180. As shown in FIG. 12, the flow guide tube 180 may be arranged on the outer side of the water cooler 115. Where, the plurality of flow guide tubes 180 are arranged at intervals along the circumferential direction of the water cooler 115, and the flow guide tubes 180 are located on the outer side of the water cooler 115. The flow guide tubes 180 are configured to communicate the gas inlet 111 of the water-cooling assembly with the gas return port 122 of the heat exchange assembly. Exemplarily, the flow guide tube 180 is a tubular structure extending along the axial direction of the compressor 114; one end of the flow guide tube 180 is communicated with the gas inlet 111 of the water-cooling assembly, and the other end thereof is communicated with the outlet 1258 of the reverse flow channel of the heat exchanger 125.

[0130] Where, the direction of the arrows on the lines with arrows in FIG. 12 represents a direction of gas flow.

[0131] By providing the flow guide tubes 180, the water-cooling assembly 110 is communicated with the reverse flow channel 1256 of the heat exchanger 125, so as to realize the communication between the gas inlet 111 of the water-cooling assembly and the gas return port 122 of the heat exchange assembly. By arranging the flow guide tubes 180 on the outer side of the water cooler 115, compared with arranging the flow guide tubes 180 on the inner side of the water cooler 115 or passing it through the water cooler 115, sufficient space may be provided for the arrangement of the flow guide tubes 180, reducing the difficulty in arranging the flow guide tubes 180. By arranging the flow guide tubes 180 along the circumferential direction of the water cooler 115, the volume of the water-cooling assembly 110 can be reduced, and the volume of the cryogenic refrigeration mechanism 100 can be decreased, which is beneficial to the miniaturization development of the cryogenic refrigeration mechanism 100.

[0132] In a possible embodiment, as shown in FIG. 6, the expander 124 and the compressor 114 of the cooling apparatus 113 adjacent to the expander 124 are arranged coaxially. By arranging adjacent expanders 124 coaxially, the structure of the water-cooling assembly 110 can be simplified, thereby reducing costs.

[0133] Exemplarily, the expander 124 may further include an expansion cone tube 1241. The expander 124 is arranged close to the water-cooling assembly 110, and the expansion cone tube 1241 extends from one end of the heat exchanger 125 close to the water-cooling assembly 110 to an outer side of the other end of the heat exchanger 125. Where, the end of the expansion cone tube 1241 away from the water-cooling assembly 110 is the gas outlet 123 of the heat exchange assembly. The gas return port 122 of the heat exchange assembly is arranged at the end of the heat exchange assembly 120 away from the water-cooling assembly 110.

[0134] In a possible embodiment, as shown in FIG. 3 and FIG. 7, the expander 124 includes a rotating shaft and an expansion impeller. Where, the expansion impeller is located at an end of the rotating shaft away from the water-cooling assembly 110. A generator 1242 or a resistance apparatus is arranged at the end of the rotating shaft away from the expansion impeller.

[0135] By arranging the generator 1242 at the end of the rotating shaft of the expander 124 away from the expansion impeller, the expansion work of the expander 124 may be converted into electric energy for recovery, and the rotation of the expander 124 may also be controlled by the generator 1242, thereby realizing more precise expansion control. By arranging the resistance apparatus at the end of the rotating shaft of the expander 124 away from the expansion impeller, the expansion work of the compressor 114 may be absorbed and converted into heat, which is discharged through cooling water.

[0136] In a possible embodiment, the heat exchange assembly 120 is fixedly connected to the water-cooling assembly 110 (as shown in FIG. 1).

[0137] By fixedly connecting the heat exchange assembly 120 to the water-cooling assembly 110, the structure of the cryogenic refrigeration mechanism 100 can be made more compact, the volume of the cryogenic refrigeration mechanism 100 can be reduced, which is beneficial to the miniaturization development of the cryogenic refrigeration mechanism 100. In addition, this can also reduce the connecting structure between the water-cooling assembly and the heat exchange assembly, thereby reducing the vibration of the entire cryogenic refrigeration mechanism and thus reducing noise.

[0138] In a possible embodiment, as shown in FIG. 13, a rotating mechanism 190 is provided between the heat exchange assembly 120 and the water-cooling assembly 110. Where, one end of the rotating mechanism 190 is fixedly connected to the heat exchange assembly 120, and the other end is fixedly connected to the water-cooling assembly 110. The rotating mechanism 190 is configured to rotatably connect the heat exchange assembly 120 with the water-cooling assembly 110. The rotating mechanism 190 is also configured for the gas circuit connection between the heat exchange assembly 120 and the water-cooling assembly 110.

[0139] It should be noted that, in the embodiments of the present application, except for the different connection mode between the heat exchange assembly 120 and the water-cooling assembly 110, other structures and principles are the same as those of the embodiment shown in FIG. 3. For other structures, reference can be made to the embodiment shown in FIG. 3, and repeated description is omitted here.

[0140] By arranging the rotating mechanism 190 between the heat exchange assembly 120 and the water-cooling assembly 110, the cryogenic refrigeration mechanism 100 may be applied to scenarios where the heat exchange assembly 120 needs to rotate together with a rotating platform, such as an interior of the main shaft 300 of a superconducting motor. In addition, compared with the conventional low-temperature gas rotating mechanism 190, the rotating mechanism 190 of the technical solution of the present application may be at room temperature, without the need for adding vacuum insulation components, thereby simplifying the structure, reducing cooling capacity loss, and also improving system reliability.

[0141] In a possible embodiment, the rotating mechanism 190 is a slip ring structure. In the embodiments of the present application, no further limitation is imposed on the structure of the slip ring, as long as it may realize the rotational connection between the water-cooling assembly 110 and the heat exchange assembly 120.

[0142] In the description of the embodiments of the present application, it should be noted that, unless otherwise clearly specified and limited, the terms "installation", "couple" and "connection" should be understood in a broad sense, for example, it may be a fixed connection, or an indirect connection through an intermediate medium, or internal communication between two components or an interaction relationship between two components. For persons of ordinary skill in the art, the specific meanings of the above terms in the embodiments of the present application can be understood according to specific situations.

[0143] The terms "first", "second", "third", "fourth", etc. (if any) in the description, claims and the above drawings of the embodiments of the present application are used to distinguish similar objects, and are not necessarily used to describe a specific sequence or order.

[0144] Finally, it should be noted that the above embodiments are only used to illustrate the technical solutions of the present invention, but not to limit them; although the present invention has been described in detail with reference to the foregoing embodiments, persons of ordinary skill in the art should understand that they can still modify the technical solutions described in the foregoing embodiments, or substitute some or all of the technical features therein with equivalents; and these modifications or substitutions do not make the essence of the corresponding technical solutions deviate from the scope of the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention.

Examples

Embodiment Construction

[0053]To make the objectives, technical solutions, and advantages of the present invention clearer, the following clearly and comprehensively describes the technical solutions of embodiments of the present invention with reference to the accompanying drawings of the embodiments of the present invention. Apparently, the described embodiments are some rather than all embodiments of the present invention. All other embodiments obtained by persons of ordinary skill in the art based on embodiments of the present application without creative effort shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.

[0054]In the specification, claims, and the aforementioned accompanying drawings of the present invention, the terms "comprise" and "have" and any variations thereof are intended to cover non-exclusive inclusion. For example, a process, method, system, product, or device that includes a series of steps or units is not necessarily limited to those steps or units explicitly listed, b...

[0001] The present application claims priority to Chinese Patent Application No. 202410774347.5 filed with China National Intellectual Property Administration on June 14, 2024 and entitled "Cryogenic refrigeration mechanism", which is hereby incorporated by reference in its entirety.TECHNICAL FIELD

[0002] The present application relates to the field of low-temperature refrigeration, and in particular to a cryogenic refrigeration mechanism.BACKGROUND

[0003] With the development of society, some fields, such as superconducting motors, superconducting magnets, superconducting power transmission, and gas liquefaction, require low-temperature systems with large cooling capacity, high efficiency, compact integration, mobility, and maintenance-free operation. The cooling capacity also needs to be sufficiently large to meet practical engineering requirements.

[0004] Generally, the refrigeration methods widely used in the field of low-temperature refrigeration include cascade refrigeration, Stirling refrigeration, and reverse Brayton refrigeration. Where, the cascade refrigeration has relatively complex unit structure and control system, which leads to great difficulties in maintenance and upkeep; at the same time, the unit has slow dynamic response, low precision of stable control; if the refrigerant leaks, it may cause pollution, and it is impossible to obtain a sufficiently low temperature (for example, lower than the temperature of liquid nitrogen); in addition, it has disadvantages such as high noise, requiring frequent maintenance, and being non-tippable, resulting in limited application environments. The Stirling refrigeration has a simpler structure than the cascade refrigeration, and its operational reliability is also higher; however, the Stirling refrigeration is generally used in scenarios requiring small cooling capacity because the Stirling refrigeration structure with large cooling capacity is relatively low in power density, and thus the Stirling refrigeration is not an ideal refrigeration method. To address the above-mentioned technical problems, the reverse Brayton refrigeration is adopted in related technologies; reverse Brayton refrigerators have advantages such as high efficiency, fast cooling rate, and wide refrigeration range.

[0005] However, most of the current reverse Brayton refrigerators adopt conventional compressors and heat exchangers, which are constructed through the assembly of numerous pipelines, resulting in large volume and weight, which limits the application scenarios of the reverse Brayton refrigerators.SUMMARY

[0006] An object of the present application is to provide a cryogenic refrigeration mechanism, which has a simple and compact structure and wide range of application scenarios; and can solve the problem in the related art that the application scenarios of a refrigeration machine are limited due to large volume and weight.

[0007] The present invention provides a cryogenic refrigeration mechanism, which includes: a water-cooling assembly, which includes at least one cooling apparatus, each cooling apparatus including a compressor and a water cooler, where the water cooler is arranged around an outer side of the compressor, the compressor is in a gas circuit connection with the water cooler, and the water cooler is configured to cool a gas output from the compressor into the water cooler; a heat exchange assembly, which is arranged opposite to the water-cooling assembly along an axial direction of the compressor, the heat exchange assembly being in a gas circuit connection with the water-cooling assembly; where the heat exchange assembly is configured to cool a gas output from the water-cooling assembly into the heat exchange assembly and discharge the cooled gas to a target environment; the heat exchange assembly is also configured to allow a gas in the target environment to enter the water-cooling assembly through the heat exchange assembly.

[0008] In the cryogenic refrigeration mechanism in embodiments of the present application, by configuring the water-cooling assembly to include at least one cooling apparatus, and the cooling apparatus including a compressor and a water cooler arranged around an outer side of the compressor, that is to say, arranging the compressor inside the water cooler to form a cooling apparatus, this can simplify the structure of the water-cooling assembly and enable the structure of the water-cooling assembly to be more compact. Compared with connecting a conventional compressor and a water cooler through a pipeline, this can simplify the structure of the water-cooling apparatus, reduce a volume of the water-cooling apparatus, thereby reducing a volume of the water-cooling assembly and a volume of the entire cryogenic refrigeration mechanism; furthermore, this can also reduce the noise generated during the operation of the mechanism. By arranging the water-cooling assembly and the heat exchange assembly opposite to each other along an axial direction of the compressor, it is convenient to realize a gas circuit connection between the water-cooling assembly and the heat exchange assembly, simplify the pipeline for realizing the gas flow connection between the water-cooling assembly and the heat exchange assembly, and reduce the assembly difficulty. By the gas circuit connection between the water-cooling assembly and the heat exchange assembly, the heat exchange assembly may cool the gas output from the water-cooling assembly to the heat exchange assembly, and the water-cooling assembly may suck in gas from a target environment through the heat exchange assembly.

[0009] Optionally, the water-cooling assembly includes a gas inlet and a gas outlet, and the heat exchange assembly includes a gas inlet, a gas outlet and a gas return port; where, the gas inlet of the water-cooling assembly is communicated with the gas return port of the heat exchange assembly; the gas outlet of the water-cooling assembly is communicated with the gas inlet of the heat exchange assembly; the gas inlet of the heat exchange assembly is communicated with the gas outlet of the heat exchange assembly; both the gas outlet and the gas return port of the heat exchange assembly are communicated with the target environment.

[0010] By configuring the heat exchange assembly to include a gas inlet, a gas outlet, and a gas return port, the heat exchange assembly may cool the gas output from the water-cooling assembly and also facilitate delivering the gas in the target environment to the water-cooling assembly. In this way, during use, it is only necessary to place the heat exchange assembly in the target environment to achieve cooling of the target environment; that is, in a case where the space of the application scenario is limited, the cryogenic refrigeration mechanism of the embodiment of the present application can also be used, expanding the application scenarios of the cryogenic refrigeration mechanism.

[0011] Optionally, the heat exchange assembly includes an expander and a heat exchanger; where, the heat exchanger is arranged around an outer side of the expander; in the axial direction of the compressor, the heat exchanger is arranged opposite to the water cooler, and the compressor is arranged opposite to the expander; the heat exchanger is in the gas circuit connection with the water-cooling assembly, and the heat exchanger is at least configured to cool a gas output from the water-cooling assembly into the heat exchanger; the expander is in the gas circuit connection with the heat exchanger, and the expander is configured to cool a gas output from the heat exchanger into the expander and discharge the cooled gas to the target environment.

[0012] By arranging the heat exchanger around the outer side of the expander, the expander may be invisibly arranged inside the heat exchanger; thereby, the heat exchange assembly is compact in structure and small in volume, which facilitates the miniaturization development of the cryogenic refrigeration mechanism so as to adapt to more application scenarios. Additionally, by arranging the expander inside the heat exchanger, the heat exchanger may also play a certain sound insulation role, thus reducing the noise of the cryogenic refrigeration mechanism.

[0013] Optionally, the heat exchanger is a counter-flow heat exchanger, which includes a forward flow channel and a reverse flow channel; where, an inlet of the forward flow channel is configured as the gas inlet of the heat exchange assembly; an outlet of the forward flow channel is in the gas circuit connection with an inlet of the expander, and an outlet of the expander is configured as the gas outlet of the heat exchange assembly; an inlet of the reverse flow channel is configured as the gas return port of the heat exchange assembly, and an outlet of the reverse flow channel is communicated with the gas inlet of the water-cooling assembly.

[0014] By configuring the heat exchanger to include a forward flow channel and a reverse flow channel, the gas flow channel for the gas entering the heat exchange assembly from the water-cooling assembly and the gas flow channel for the gas returning from the heat exchanger to the water-cooling assembly may be arranged separately, so as to improve the refrigeration efficiency.

[0015] Optionally, the heat exchanger is a wound heat exchanger or a printed circuit board heat exchanger; the heat exchanger includes a plurality of heat exchange fins arranged in a stacked manner, each heat exchange fin is provided with a vortex flow channel, and rotation directions of the vortex flow channels on two adjacent heat exchange fins are opposite; the vortex flow channel on one of the two adjacent heat exchange fins is configured as the forward flow channel, and the vortex flow channel on the other one is configured as the reverse flow channel.

[0016] By configuring the heat exchanger as a wound heat exchanger or a printed circuit board heat exchanger, the heat exchange efficiency can be improved, thereby enhancing the refrigeration efficiency of the cryogenic refrigeration mechanism. By arranging vortex flow channels on the heat exchange fins, a size of the flow channels may be longer, so as to increase the heat exchange time and improve the heat exchange effect. By enabling the rotation directions of the vortex flow channels on two adjacent heat exchange fins to be opposite, the gas flows between the two adjacent heat exchange fins can undergo sufficient heat exchange, thereby improving the heat exchange efficiency.

[0017] Optionally, the compressor in each cooling apparatus includes a gas inlet and a gas outlet; the water cooler in each cooling apparatus includes a gas inlet and a gas outlet; where, the gas outlet of the compressor is communicated with the gas inlet of the water cooler on a same cooling apparatus.

[0018] By communicating the gas outlet of the compressor with the gas inlet of the water cooler on the same cooling apparatus, the water cooler on the same cooling apparatus can cool the gas output from the compressor.

[0019] Optionally, the number of the cooling apparatus is one; where, the gas inlet of the compressor is configured as the gas inlet of the water-cooling assembly, and the gas outlet of the water cooler is configured as the gas outlet of the water-cooling assembly.

[0020] By setting the number of the cooling apparatus to one, the structure of the water-cooling assembly can be simplified, which is beneficial to the miniaturization development of the cryogenic refrigeration mechanism.

[0021] Optionally, the number of the cooling apparatus is plurality, and the plurality of cooling apparatuses are arranged along the axial direction of the compressor; where, among two adjacent cooling apparatuses, the cooling apparatus far away from the heat exchange assembly is configured as a first cooling apparatus, the cooling apparatus close to the heat exchange assembly is configured as a second cooling apparatus, and the gas outlet of the water cooler of the first cooling apparatus is communicated with the gas inlet of the compressor of the second cooling apparatus; the gas inlet of the compressor on the cooling apparatus located at an end of the water-cooling assembly away from the heat exchange assembly is configured as the gas inlet of the water-cooling assembly; the gas outlet of the water cooler on the cooling apparatus adjacent to the heat exchange assembly is configured as the gas outlet of the water-cooling assembly.

[0022] By setting the number of the cooling apparatus to be plurality, the refrigeration efficiency of the water-cooling assembly can be improved to meet the application scenarios requiring large cooling capacity. By communicating the gas outlet of the water cooler in the first cooling apparatus with the gas inlet of the compressor in the second cooling apparatus, the gas circuits between two adjacent cooling apparatuses can be connected in series; this can extend the path of the gas in the water-cooling assembly, thereby improving the refrigeration efficiency of the water-cooling assembly and further enhancing the refrigeration efficiency of the cryogenic refrigeration mechanism.

[0023] Optionally, the compressor includes a motor, a stator, a rotor and a compression impeller; where, an output shaft of the motor is connected to the rotor, the stator is configured to fix the output shaft of the motor, the compression impeller is fixedly connected to the rotor, and the rotor is configured to drive the compression impeller to rotate.

[0024] Optionally, in the axial direction of the compressor, the compressors of some of adjacent cooling apparatus pairs share one stator; where, the shared stator is provided with a vent hole, and the vent hole is configured to communicate the gas outlet of the water cooler of the first cooling apparatus with the gas inlet of the compressor of the second cooling apparatus.

[0025] By having the compressors of some adjacent cooling apparatuses share one stator, the structure of the water-cooling assembly can be simplified and costs can be saved. By arranging a vent hole on the shared stator, the gas circuits between two adjacent cooling apparatuses can be connected in series.

[0026] Optionally, the water cooler is of an annular barrel structure.

[0027] By configuring the water cooler as an annular barrel structure, the compressor may be arranged inside the water cooler, so that the compressor and the water cooler form one cooling apparatus, reducing the occupied space and facilitating the miniaturization development of the cryogenic refrigeration mechanism. In addition, the heat generated by the compressor rotor during operation can also be carried away by the gas.

[0028] Optionally, the water cooler includes a carrier and a tube bundle structure; where, the carrier is of an annular plate structure, and the tube bundle structure is arranged on the carrier along a circumferential direction of the carrier; in a radial direction of the carrier, the tube bundle structure includes a plurality of U-shaped bends connected end to end; both an inlet and an outlet of the tube bundle structure are located on the carrier; the inlet of the tube bundle structure is configured as the gas inlet of the water cooler; the outlet of the tube bundle structure is configured as the gas outlet of the water cooler.

[0029] By configuring the tube bundle structure to include a plurality of U-shaped bends connected end to end, the length of the pipeline of the water cooler may be extended, thereby prolonging the time that the gas flows through the water cooler, further improving the cooling effect of the water cooler on the gas in the tube bundle structure, and thus enhancing the refrigeration efficiency.

[0030] Optionally, the water-cooling assembly further includes a plurality of flow guide tubes; where, the plurality of flow guide tubes are arranged at intervals along a circumferential direction of the water cooler, and the flow guide tube is located on an outer side of the water cooler; the flow guide tube is configured to communicate the gas inlet of the water-cooling assembly with the gas return port of the heat exchange assembly.

[0031] By providing the flow guide tubes, the water-cooling assembly and the reverse flow channel of the heat exchanger may be communicated, so as to realize the communication between the gas inlet of the water-cooling assembly and the gas return port of the heat exchange assembly. By arranging the flow guide tube on the outer side of the water cooler, compared with arranging the flow guide tube on the inner side of the water cooler or passing it through the water cooler, sufficient space can be provided for the arrangement of the flow guide tubes, reducing the difficulty in arranging the flow guide tubes. By arranging the flow guide tubes along the circumferential direction of the water cooler, the volume of the water-cooling assembly can be reduced, the volume of the cryogenic refrigeration mechanism can be decreased, which is beneficial to the miniaturization development of the cryogenic refrigeration mechanism.

[0032] Optionally, the cryogenic refrigeration mechanism further includes a housing; where, the cooling apparatus is fixedly arranged in the housing; a water-cooling cavity is arranged in the housing, the tube bundle structure of the water cooler is located in the water-cooling cavity, and the carrier of the water cooler is hermetically connected to the housing; the housing is provided with a water inlet and a water outlet which are communicated with the water-cooling cavity, the water inlet is configured to allow cooling water to enter the water-cooling cavity, and the water outlet is configured to allow the cooling water in the water-cooling cavity to be discharged.

[0033] Optionally, the housing further includes an installation cavity; where, an inner side of each cooling apparatus is provided with one installation cavity; the compressor of the cooling apparatus is arranged in the installation cavity.

[0034] Optionally, the cooling apparatus further includes a first flow guide baffle and a second flow guide baffle; where, in a radial direction of the water cooler, one end of the first flow guide baffle is arranged around an outer side of the gas inlet of the compressor, and the other end is connected to the carrier of the water cooler; in the radial direction of the water cooler, one end of the second flow guide baffle is arranged around an outer side of the gas outlet of the compressor, and the other end is connected to the carrier of the water cooler; the first flow guide baffle and the second flow guide baffle are arranged at intervals, and a first flow channel is formed between the first flow guide baffle and the second flow guide baffle; the first flow channel is communicated with the gas outlet of the compressor, and the first flow channel is communicated with the gas inlet of the water cooler.

[0035] By providing the first flow guide baffle and the second flow guide baffle, and forming the first flow channel between the first flow guide baffle and the second flow guide baffle, the gas inlet of the water cooler may be communicated with the gas outlet of the compressor through the first flow channel. Compared with the related art where a connecting pipeline is arranged between the gas inlet of the water cooler and the gas outlet of the compressor, this can reduce the risk of pipeline leakage, simplify the structure between the gas outlet of the compressor and the gas inlet of the water cooler, thereby simplifying the structure of the water-cooling assembly, and also enabling the structure of the water-cooling assembly to be more compact, which is beneficial to reducing the volume of the cryogenic refrigeration mechanism and promoting the miniaturization development of the cryogenic refrigeration mechanism.

[0036] Optionally, the water-cooling assembly further includes an end cover; where, the end cover is located at an end of the water-cooling assembly away from the heat exchange assembly and is fixedly connected to the housing; in the axial direction of the compressor, the end cover and the first flow guide baffle adjacent to the end cover are arranged at intervals, and a second flow channel is formed between the end cover and the first flow guide baffle, the second flow channel is communicated with both the flow guide tube and the gas inlet of the water-cooling assembly.

[0037] By providing the end cover and forming the second flow channel between the end cover and the first flow guide baffle, compared with the related art where a specific connecting pipe is arranged to introduce the return gas from the heat exchange assembly into the water-cooling assembly, this can reduce the risk of pipeline leakage, simplify the structure of the gas flow channel used for the gas returning from the heat exchange assembly to the water-cooling assembly, thereby simplifying the structure of the water-cooling assembly, and also enabling the structure of the water-cooling assembly to be more compact, which is beneficial to reducing the volume of the cryogenic refrigeration mechanism and facilitating the miniaturization development of the cryogenic refrigeration mechanism.

[0038] Optionally, the second flow guide baffle is spaced apart from an outer wall of the installation cavity, and a third flow channel is formed between the second flow guide baffle and the outer wall of the installation cavity; where, the third flow channel of the first cooling apparatus is communicated with the third flow channel of the second cooling apparatus, and the third flow channel of the second cooling apparatus is communicated with the gas inlet of the compressor of the second cooling apparatus.

[0039] By arranging the second flow guide baffle spaced apart from the outer wall of the installation cavity and forming the third flow channel between the second flow guide baffle and the outer wall of the installation cavity, compared with the related art where a specific connecting pipe is arranged to introduce the gas flowing out of the water cooler into the first compressor, this can simplify a pipeline structure between adjacent cooling apparatuses, reduce the risk of pipeline leakage, simplify the structure of the water-cooling assembly, and also enable the structure of the water-cooling assembly to be more compact, which is beneficial to reducing the volume of the cryogenic refrigeration mechanism and promoting the miniaturization development of the cryogenic refrigeration mechanism.

[0040] Optionally, the water-cooling assembly further includes a third flow guide baffle; where, the third flow guide baffle is arranged on the outer side of the gas inlet of the compressor of the cooling apparatus adjacent to the heat exchange assembly; the first flow guide baffle and the third flow guide baffle of the cooling apparatus adjacent to the heat exchange assembly are arranged at intervals, and a fourth flow channel is formed between the first flow guide baffle and the third flow guide baffle; a gas passing hole is provided between the third flow channel and the fourth flow channel of the cooling apparatus adjacent to the heat exchange assembly, and the gas passing hole is configured to communicate the third flow channel with the fourth flow channel.

[0041] By providing the third flow guide baffle and arranging the third flow guide baffle on the outer side of the gas inlet of the compressor of the cooling apparatus adjacent to the heat exchange assembly, the gas entering the compressor of the cooling apparatus adjacent to the heat exchange assembly may be prevented from leaking out, so as to ensure that all the gas output from the water cooler of the first cooling apparatus may enter the compressor of the second cooling apparatus, improving the refrigeration efficiency.

[0042] Optionally, the heat exchange assembly is fixedly connected to the water-cooling assembly.

[0043] By fixedly connecting the heat exchange assembly to the water-cooling assembly, the structure of the cryogenic refrigeration mechanism can be more compact, the volume of the cryogenic refrigeration mechanism can be reduced, which is beneficial to the miniaturization development of the cryogenic refrigeration mechanism. In addition, this can also reduce the connecting structure between the water-cooling assembly and the heat exchange assembly, thereby reducing the vibration of the entire cryogenic refrigeration mechanism and further reducing noise.

[0044] Optionally, a rotating mechanism is provided between the heat exchange assembly and the water-cooling assembly; where, one end of the rotating mechanism is fixedly connected to the heat exchange assembly, and the other end is fixedly connected to the water-cooling assembly; the rotating mechanism is configured to rotatably connect the heat exchange assembly with the water-cooling assembly; the rotating mechanism is also configured for the gas circuit connection between the heat exchange assembly and the water-cooling assembly.

[0045] By arranging the rotating mechanism between the heat exchange assembly and the water-cooling assembly, the cryogenic refrigeration mechanism may be applied to scenarios where the heat exchange assembly needs to rotate together with a rotating platform, such as an inside the main shaft of a superconducting motor. In addition, compared with conventional low-temperature gas rotating mechanisms, the rotating mechanism of the technical solution of the present application may be at room temperature, without the need to add vacuum insulation components, thereby simplifying the structure, reducing cooling capacity loss, and also improving system reliability.

[0046] Optionally, the rotating mechanism is a slip ring structure.

[0047] Optionally, the expander and the compressor of the cooling apparatus adjacent to the expander are arranged coaxially.

[0048] By arranging adjacent expanders coaxially, the structure of the water-cooling assembly can be simplified, thereby reducing costs.

[0049] Optionally, the expander includes a rotating shaft and an expansion impeller; where, the expansion impeller is located at an end of the rotating shaft away from the water-cooling assembly; an end of the rotating shaft away from the expansion impeller is provided with a generator or a resistance apparatus.

[0050] By arranging a generator at the end of the rotating shaft of the expander away from the expansion impeller, the expansion work of the expander may be converted into electrical energy for recovery, and the rotation of the expander may also be controlled by the motor, thereby realizing more precise expansion control. By arranging a resistance apparatus at the end of the rotating shaft of the expander away from the expansion impeller, the expansion work of the compressor can be absorbed and converted into heat, which is discharged through cooling water.BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF DRAWINGS

[0051] To describe the technical solutions of embodiments of the present application or in the prior art more clearly, the following briefly introduces the accompanying drawings used in description of the embodiments or the prior art. Apparently, the accompanying drawings in the following description are some embodiments of the present application, and for persons of ordinary skill in the art, they may still derive other drawings from these accompanying drawings without creative effort. FIG. 1 is a structural schematic diagram of a cryogenic refrigeration mechanism provided in an embodiment of the present application. FIG. 2 is a structural schematic diagram of a cryogenic refrigeration mechanism provided in an embodiment of the present application. FIG. 3 is a cross-sectional structural schematic diagram of a cryogenic refrigeration mechanism provided in an embodiment of the present application. FIG. 4 is a cross-sectional structural schematic diagram of a heat exchanger of a cryogenic refrigeration mechanism provided in an embodiment of the present application. FIG. 5 is a structural schematic diagram of a heat exchange fin of a heat exchanger of a cryogenic refrigeration mechanism provided in an embodiment of the present application. FIG. 5A is a structural schematic diagram of a heat exchange fin of a heat exchanger of a cryogenic refrigeration mechanism provided in an embodiment of the present application. FIG. 6 is a schematic diagram of a gas flow path of a cryogenic refrigeration mechanism provided in an embodiment of the present application. FIG. 7 is a schematic diagram of a thermodynamic process of a cryogenic refrigeration mechanism provided in an embodiment of the present application. FIG. 8 is a partially enlarged schematic diagram of a cross-section of a cryogenic refrigeration mechanism provided in an embodiment of the present application. FIG. 9 is a structural schematic diagram of a water cooler of a cryogenic refrigeration mechanism provided in an embodiment of the present application. FIG. 10 is a cross-sectional structural schematic diagram of a water cooler of a cryogenic refrigeration mechanism provided in an embodiment of the present application. FIG. 11 is a cross-sectional structural schematic diagram of a water-cooling assembly of a cryogenic refrigeration mechanism provided in an embodiment of the present application. FIG. 12 is a cross-sectional structural schematic diagram of a water-cooling assembly of a cryogenic refrigeration mechanism provided in an embodiment of the present application. FIG. 13 is a structural schematic diagram of a cryogenic refrigeration mechanism provided in an embodiment of the present application. Explanation of reference signs:

[0052] 100-cryogenic refrigeration mechanism; 110-water-cooling assembly; 111-gas inlet of water-cooling assembly; 112-gas outlet of water-cooling assembly; 113-cooling apparatus; 1131-primary cooling apparatus; 1132-secondary cooling apparatus; 1133-tertiary cooling apparatus; 114-compressor; 1141-primary compressor; 1142-secondary compressor; 1143-tertiary compressor; 1145-gas inlet of compressor; 1146-gas outlet of compressor; 10-motor; 12-stator; 15-vent hole; 13-rotor; 14-compression impeller; 115-water cooler; 1151-primary water cooler; 1152-secondary water cooler; 1153-tertiary water cooler; 1154-carrier; 1155-tube bundle structure; 1156-gas inlet of water cooler; 1157-gas outlet of water cooler; 120-heat exchange assembly; 121-gas inlet of heat exchange assembly; 122-gas return port of heat exchange assembly; 123-gas outlet of heat exchange assembly; 124-expander; 1241-expansion cone tube; 1242-generator; 125-heat exchanger; 1251-heat exchange fin; 1252-vortex flow channel; 1253-forward flow channel; 1254-inlet of forward flow channel; 1255-outlet of forward flow channel; 1256-reverse flow channel; 1257-inlet of reverse flow channel; 1258-outlet of reverse flow channel; 130-installation frame; 140-electronic drive controller; 141-installation port; 150-lifting lug; 160-housing; 161-water inlet; 162-water outlet; 163-end cover; 164-installation cavity; 1641-outer wall of installation cavity; 165-first flow guide baffle; 166-second flow guide baffle; 167-third flow guide baffle; 168-gas passing hole; 169-water-cooling cavity; 171-first flow channel; 172-second flow channel; 173-third flow channel; 174-fourth flow channel; 180-flow guide tube; 190-rotating mechanism; 200-target environment; 300-main shaft of superconducting motor.DESCRIPTION OF EMBODIMENTS

[0053] To make the objectives, technical solutions, and advantages of the present invention clearer, the following clearly and comprehensively describes the technical solutions of embodiments of the present invention with reference to the accompanying drawings of the embodiments of the present invention. Apparently, the described embodiments are some rather than all embodiments of the present invention. All other embodiments obtained by persons of ordinary skill in the art based on embodiments of the present application without creative effort shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.

[0054] In the specification, claims, and the aforementioned accompanying drawings of the present invention, the terms "comprise" and "have" and any variations thereof are intended to cover non-exclusive inclusion. For example, a process, method, system, product, or device that includes a series of steps or units is not necessarily limited to those steps or units explicitly listed, but may further include other steps or units that are not explicitly listed or are inherent to the process, method, product, or device.

[0055] Furthermore, in the present application, directional terms such as "front" and "rear" are defined relative to the schematic placement orientation of the components in the accompanying drawings. It should be understood that these directional terms are relative concepts, which are used for relative description and clarification, and may change accordingly with the change of the placement orientation of the components in the accompanying drawings.

[0056] In the embodiments of the present application, "and / or" is merely to describe a kind of association relationship of associated objects, indicating that there may be three kinds of relationships. For example, A and / or B may indicate three situations: A exists alone, both A and B exist, and B exists alone. In addition, the character " / " herein generally indicates that the associated objects before and after it are in an "or" relationship.

[0057] Hereinafter, the exemplary application scenarios of the embodiments of the present invention are described below.

[0058] An embodiment of the present application provides a cryogenic refrigeration mechanism 100. As shown in FIG. 1, the cryogenic refrigeration mechanism 100 comprises a water-cooling assembly 110 and a heat exchange assembly 120, and the water-cooling assembly 110 and the heat exchange assembly 120 are arranged opposite to each other along an axial direction. A housing 160 is provided on outer sides of the water-cooling assembly 110 and the heat exchange assembly 120, and an installation frame 130 and an electronic drive controller 140 may be arranged on the housing 160 located on the outer side of the water-cooling assembly 110, where an installation port 141 for a cable required by the electronic driver may be arranged on the electronic driver. By arranging the installation frame 130 and the electronic drive controller 140 on the housing 160 located on the outer side of the water-cooling assembly 110, when the heat exchange assembly 120 needs to rotate together with application equipment, the cryogenic refrigeration mechanism 100 may be conveniently installed, thereby improving the applicability of the cryogenic refrigeration mechanism 100.

[0059] Exemplarily, lifting lugs 150 for fixing the cryogenic refrigeration mechanism 100 may be arranged on the housing 160, the lifting lugs 150 are arranged at intervals along a circumferential direction of the water-cooling assembly 110, and a circle of lifting lugs 150 is respectively arranged at both ends of the water-cooling assembly 110. In the embodiments of the present application, no further limitation is imposed on the number and arrangement positions of the lifting lugs 150.

[0060] It should be noted that, in the embodiments of the present application, the term "arranged opposite to each other" refers to a face-to-face arrangement, which may be an oblique face-to-face arrangement or a direct face-to-face arrangement. "Arranged opposite to each other" refers to a broad sense of opposite arrangement, and it is not limited to the entire structure being arranged face-to-face, and it may also be only a part of the structure being arranged face-to-face.

[0061] As shown in FIG. 2, a water inlet 161 and a water outlet 162 are further arranged on the housing 160 of the water-cooling assembly 110, where the water inlet 161 is configured to allow cooling water to enter the water-cooling assembly 110, and the water outlet 162 is configured to allow the cooling water to be discharged from the water-cooling assembly 110.

[0062] As shown in FIG. 3, the water-cooling assembly 110 may include at least one cooling apparatus 113, each cooling apparatus 113 includes a compressor 114 and a water cooler 115, the water cooler 115 is arranged around an outer side of the compressor 114, the compressor 114 is in a gas circuit connection with the water cooler 115, and the water cooler 115 is configured to cool the gas outputted from the compressor 114 into the water cooler 115.

[0063] The heat exchange assembly 120 is arranged opposite to the water-cooling assembly 110 along the axial direction of the compressor 114, and the heat exchange assembly 120 is in a gas circuit connection with the water-cooling assembly 110. The heat exchange assembly 120 is configured to cool the gas outputted from the water-cooling assembly 110 into the heat exchange assembly 120 and discharge the cooled gas to a target environment. The heat exchange assembly 120 is also configured to allow the gas in the target environment to enter the water-cooling assembly 110 through the heat exchange assembly 120.

[0064] It should be noted that the target environment refers to the environment of an area that needs to be cooled.

[0065] In the cryogenic refrigeration mechanism 100 in the embodiment of the present application, the water-cooling assembly 110 is configured to include at least one cooling apparatus 113, and the cooling apparatus 113 includes the compressor 114 and the water cooler 115 arranged around the outer side of the compressor 114, that is to say, the compressor 114 is arranged inside the water cooler 115 to form a cooling apparatus 113. In this way, the structure of the water-cooling assembly 110 can be simplified, and the structure of the water-cooling assembly 110 can be made more compact. Compared with connecting an ordinary compressor 114 and a water cooler 115 through a pipeline, this can simplify the structure of the water-cooling apparatus, reduce the volume of the water-cooling apparatus, further reduce the volume of the water-cooling assembly 110, and reduce the volume of the entire cryogenic refrigeration mechanism 100. In addition, the noise generated during the operation of the mechanism can also be reduced.

[0066] By arranging the water-cooling assembly 110 and the heat exchange assembly 120 opposite to each other along the axial direction of the compressor 114, the gas circuit connection between the water-cooling assembly 110 and the heat exchange assembly 120 can be facilitated, the pipeline for realizing the gas flow connection between the water-cooling assembly 110 and the heat exchange assembly 120 can be simplified, and the assembly difficulty can be reduced. By the gas circuit connection between the water-cooling assembly 110 and the heat exchange assembly 120, the heat exchange assembly 120 can cool the gas output from the water-cooling assembly 110 into the heat exchange assembly 120, and the water-cooling assembly 110 may suck gas from the target environment through the heat exchange assembly 120.

[0067] Exemplarily, the water-cooling assembly 110 may include a gas inlet and a gas outlet (not shown), and the heat exchange assembly 120 includes a gas inlet (not shown), a gas outlet and a gas return port. Where, the gas return port 122 of the heat exchange assembly is arranged around an outer side of the gas outlet 123 of the heat exchange assembly, the gas inlet 111 of the water-cooling assembly is communicated with the gas return port 122 of the heat exchange assembly, the gas outlet 112 of the water-cooling assembly is communicated with the gas inlet 121 of the heat exchange assembly, the gas inlet 121 of the heat exchange assembly is communicated with the gas outlet 123 of the heat exchange assembly, and both the gas outlet 123 and the gas return port of the heat exchange assembly are communicated with the target environment.

[0068] By configuring the heat exchange assembly 120 to include a gas inlet, a gas outlet and a gas return port, the heat exchange assembly 120 may refrigerate the gas output from the water-cooling assembly 110, and also facilitate the delivery of gas in the target environment into the water-cooling assembly 110. In this way, during use, it is only necessary to place the heat exchange assembly 120 in the target environment to realize the cooling of the target environment; that is to say, even when the space of the application scenario is limited, the cryogenic refrigeration mechanism 100 of the embodiment of the present application may still be used, which expands the application scenarios of the cryogenic refrigeration mechanism 100.

[0069] Continuing to refer to FIG. 3, the heat exchange assembly 120 may include an expander 124 and a heat exchanger 125. Where, the heat exchanger 125 is arranged around an outer side of the expander 124. In the axial direction of the compressor 114, the heat exchanger 125 is arranged opposite to the water cooler 115 of the cooling apparatus 113, and the compressor 114 is arranged opposite to the expander 124. The heat exchanger 125 is in gas circuit connection with the water-cooling assembly 110, and the heat exchanger 125 is at least configured to cool the gas output from the water-cooling assembly 110 into the heat exchanger 125. The expander 124 is in gas circuit connection with the heat exchanger 125, and the expander 124 is configured to cool the gas output from the heat exchanger 125 into the expander 124 and discharge the cooled gas to the target environment.

[0070] By arranging the heat exchanger 125 around the outer side of the expander 124, the expander 124 may be arranged invisibly inside the heat exchanger 125, thereby enabling the heat exchange assembly 120 to have a compact structure and a small volume, which is beneficial to the miniaturization development of the cryogenic refrigeration mechanism 100 to adapt to more application scenarios. In addition, by arranging the expander 124 inside the heat exchanger 125, the heat exchanger 125 may also play a certain sound insulation role, thereby reducing the noise of the cryogenic refrigeration mechanism 100.

[0071] Exemplarily, the heat exchanger 125 is a counter-flow heat exchanger 125, which may include a forward flow channel 1253 and a reverse flow channel 1256 (as shown in FIG. 5 and FIG. 5A). Where, an inlet 1254 of the forward flow channel is configured as the gas inlet 121 of the heat exchange assembly, an outlet 1255 of the forward flow channel is in gas circuit connection with the inlet of the expander 124, the outlet of the expander 124 is configured as the gas outlet 123 of the heat exchange assembly, an inlet 1257 of the reverse flow channel is configured as the gas return port 122 of the heat exchange assembly, and an outlet 1258 of the reverse flow channel is communicated with the gas inlet 111 of the water-cooling assembly.

[0072] It should be noted that, in the embodiments of the present application, a flow of gas from the water-cooling assembly 110 to the heat exchange assembly 120 is defined as a forward flow, and a flow of gas from the heat exchange assembly 120 to the water-cooling assembly 110 is defined as a reverse flow.

[0073] By configuring the heat exchanger 125 to include the forward flow channel 1253 and the reverse flow channel 1256, the gas flow channel for gas entering the heat exchange assembly 120 from the water-cooling assembly 110 and the gas flow channel for gas returning to the water-cooling assembly 110 from the heat exchanger 125 may be arranged separately, so as to improve the refrigeration efficiency.

[0074] As shown in FIG. 4, exemplarily, the heat exchanger 125 may be a wound heat exchanger or a printed circuit board heat exchanger, and the entire heat exchanger 125 is of a cylindrical structure. Apparently, in other embodiments, the heat exchanger 125 may also be other types of heat exchangers 125. In the embodiments of the present application, no further limitation is imposed on the type of the heat exchanger 125.

[0075] Exemplarily, as shown in FIG. 4, the heat exchanger 125 includes a plurality of heat exchange fins 1251 arranged in a stacked manner, each heat exchange fin 1251 is provided with a vortex flow channel 1252, and rotation directions of the vortex flow channels 1252 on two adjacent heat exchange fins 1251 are opposite. As shown in FIG. 5 and FIG. 5A, the vortex flow channel 1252 on one of two adjacent heat exchange fins 1251 is configured as the forward flow channel 1253, and the vortex flow channel 1252 on the other one is configured as the reverse flow channel 1256.

[0076] Exemplarily, the number of the vortex flow channel 1252 on each heat exchange fin 1251 may be one, two, three, four or more. Where, the gas flow directions of the vortex flow channels 1252 on the same heat exchange fin 1251 are the same. When there are a plurality of vortex flow channels 1252 on the heat exchange fin 1251, the plurality of vortex flow channels 1252 are arranged alternately at intervals in a radial direction of the heat exchange fin 1251.

[0077] The heat exchange fin 1251 shown in FIG. 5 is provided with three vortex flow channels 1252, corresponding to three inlets and three outlets of the vortex flow channels 1252 respectively. Different types of lines with arrows in the figure only represent different vortex flow channels 1252, and the direction of the arrows refers to the direction of gas flow. When the vortex flow channel 1252 on the heat exchange fin 1251 is the forward flow channel 1253, the inlet 1254 of the forward flow channel is located on an outer side of the heat exchange fin 1251, and the outlet 1255 of the forward flow channel is located on an inner side of the heat exchange fin 1251.

[0078] When the vortex flow channel 1252 on the heat exchange fin 1251 is the reverse flow channel 1256, the inlet 1257 of the reverse flow channel is located on the inner side of the heat exchange fin 1251, and the outlet 1258 of the reverse flow channel is located on the outer side of the heat exchange fin 1251 (as shown in FIG. 5A). Where, the gas flow directions of the forward flow channel 1253 and the reverse flow channel 1256 are opposite.

[0079] It should be noted that, as shown in FIG. 4, FIG. 5 and FIG. 5A, in the axial direction of the heat exchanger 125, the inlets 1254 of the forward flow channels on the plurality of stacked heat exchange fins 1251 are communicated to each other, forming a part of the forward flow channel; the outlets 1255 of the forward flow channels on the plurality of stacked heat exchange fins 1251 are communicated to each other, also forming a part of the forward flow channel. That is to say, the forward flow channel of the heat exchanger 125 is composed of the flow channel formed by the inlets 1254 of the forward flow channels on the plurality of heat exchange fins, the flow channel formed by the outlets 1255 of the forward flow channels on the plurality of heat exchange fins, and the vortex flow channels on the heat exchange fins.

[0080] Similarly, in the axial direction of the heat exchanger 125, the inlets 1257 of the reverse flow channels on the plurality of stacked heat exchange fins 1251 are communicated to each other, forming a part of the reverse flow channel; the outlets 1258 of the reverse flow channels on the plurality of stacked heat exchange fins 1251 are communicated to each other, also forming a part of the reverse flow channel. That is to say, the reverse flow channel of the heat exchanger 125 is composed of the flow channel formed by the inlets 1257 of the reverse flow channels on the plurality of heat exchange fins, the flow channel formed by the outlets 1258 of the reverse flow channels on the plurality of heat exchange fins, and the vortex flow channels on the heat exchange fins.

[0081] In the embodiments of the present application, no further limitation is imposed on the number of the vortex flow channel 1252 on each heat exchange fin 1251.

[0082] By configuring the heat exchanger 125 as a wound heat exchanger 125 or a printed circuit board heat exchanger 125, the heat exchange efficiency can be improved, thereby enhancing the refrigeration efficiency of the cryogenic refrigeration mechanism 100. By arranging the vortex flow channels 1252 on the heat exchange fins 1251, the size of the flow channels may be longer, so as to increase the heat exchange time and improve the heat exchange effect. By making the rotation directions of the vortex flow channels 1252 on two adjacent heat exchange fins 1251 opposite, the gas flows between the two adjacent heat exchange fins 1251 may fully exchange heat, improving the heat exchange efficiency.

[0083] Exemplarily, the counter-flow heat exchanger 125 may realize reverse flow heat exchange between the high-pressure room-temperature gas in forward flow and the low-pressure low-temperature gas with heat load from the target environment in reverse flow, so as to maximize the recovery of cold energy, realize refrigeration and improve system efficiency.

[0084] To obtain a high-density heat exchanger 125 and a highly integrated cryogenic refrigeration mechanism, as shown in FIG. 4 and FIG. 5, the printed circuit board heat exchanger 125 usually adopts multiple thin metal sheets (i.e., heat exchange fins 1251), complex flow channels are obtained through photolithographic etching, and then the multiple thin metal sheets are stacked and welded into an integral body by a diffusion welding process.

[0085] FIG. 5 shows a pattern of the vortex flow channel 1252 on the heat exchange fin 1251. The forward gas flow enters the forward flow channel 1253 from the inlet at an outer edge, fully exchanges heat with the reverse gas flow in the reverse flow channel 1256 of an adjacent heat exchange fin 1251 through the long forward flow channel 1253, and then converges and flows out from the outlet 1255 of the forward flow channel at an inner ring edge of the heat exchange fin 1251 to the expander 124.

[0086] In some embodiments, more protruding fins may be made in the vortex flow channel 1252 of the counter-flow heat exchanger 125 to increase the heat exchange area and welding area. In the embodiments of the present application, no further limitation is imposed on the structure of the heat exchange fin 1251.

[0087] The gas flow path of the low-temperature cooling mechanism will be described below with reference to the accompanying drawings.

[0088] It should be noted that when the low-temperature cooling mechanism refrigerates the target environment, the low-temperature cooling mechanism may suck gas from the target environment, and output the gas to the target environment after a series of cooling processes. For the convenience of description, in the embodiments of the present application, the gas flow path through which the low-temperature cooling mechanism sucks gas from the target environment is referred to as a reverse gas flow path, and the gas flow path through which the low-temperature cooling mechanism outputs the gas sucked from the target environment to the target environment after a series of cooling processes is referred to as a forward gas flow path.

[0089] As shown in FIG. 6, the solid lines with arrows represent the forward gas flow path, and the dashed lines with arrows represent the reverse gas flow path. When the low-temperature cooling mechanism is working, the compressor 114 in the water-cooling assembly 110 may generate a suction force when working, and then suck the gas in the target environment 200 into the gas inlet 111 of the water-cooling assembly through the gas return port 122 of the heat exchange assembly (i.e., the inlet 1257 of the reverse flow channel of the heat exchanger 125). The gas entering the water-cooling assembly 110 is cooled by the water-cooling assembly 110 and then discharged from the gas outlet 112 of the water-cooling assembly to the gas inlet 121 of the heat exchange assembly (i.e., the inlet 1254 of the forward flow channel of the heat exchanger 125). The gas entering the heat exchange assembly 120 is cooled by the heat exchange assembly 120 and then discharged from the gas outlet 123 of the heat exchange assembly (i.e., the outlet 1255 of the forward flow channel of the heat exchanger 125) to the target environment 200.

[0090] Exemplarily, the compressor 114 in each cooling apparatus 113 includes a gas inlet and a gas outlet, the water cooler 115 in each cooling apparatus 113 includes a gas inlet and a gas outlet, and the gas outlet 1146 of the compressor is communicated with the gas inlet 1156 of the water cooler on the same cooling apparatus 113.

[0091] By communicating the gas outlet 1146 of the compressor with the gas inlet 1156 of the water cooler on the same cooling apparatus 113, the water cooler 115 on the same cooling apparatus 113 may cool the gas output from the compressor 114.

[0092] In some embodiments, the number of the cooling apparatus 113 may be plurality, and the plurality of cooling apparatuses 113 are arranged along the axial direction of the compressor 114. Among two adjacent cooling apparatuses 113, the cooling apparatus 113 far away from the heat exchange assembly 120 is configured as a first cooling apparatus 113, the cooling apparatus 113 close to the heat exchange assembly 120 is configured as a second cooling apparatus 113, and the gas outlet 1157 of the water cooler in the first cooling apparatus 113 is communicated with the gas inlet 1145 of the compressor in the second cooling apparatus 113. The gas inlet 1145 of the compressor on the cooling apparatus 113 located at an end of the water-cooling assembly 110 away from the heat exchange assembly 120 is configured as the gas inlet 111 of the water-cooling assembly. The gas outlet 1157 of the water cooler on the cooling apparatus 113 adjacent to the heat exchange assembly 120 is configured as the gas outlet 112 of the water-cooling assembly.

[0093] It should be noted that the number of the cooling apparatus 113 may be two, three, four, five or more, and in the embodiments of the present application, no further limitation is imposed on the number of the cooling apparatus 113. The cooling apparatus 113 located at the end of the water-cooling assembly 110 away from the heat exchange assembly 120 refers to the cooling apparatus 113 farthest from the heat exchange assembly 120 in the axial direction of the compressor 114, i.e., the first cooling apparatus 113 where the water-cooling assembly 110 starts cooling. The cooling apparatus 113 adjacent to the heat exchange assembly 120 refers to the cooling apparatus 113 closest to the heat exchange assembly 120, i.e., the last cooling apparatus 113 where the water-cooling assembly 110 performs cooling. After passing through the last cooling apparatus 113, the gas flow may enter the heat exchange assembly 120 for further cooling.

[0094] By configuring the number of the cooling apparatus 113 to be plurality, the refrigeration efficiency of the water-cooling assembly 110 can be improved, so as to meet the application scenarios requiring large cooling capacity. By communicating the gas outlet 1157 of the water cooler in the first cooling apparatus 113 with the gas inlet 1145 of the compressor in the second cooling apparatus 113, the gas circuits between two adjacent cooling apparatuses 113 may be connected in series. This can extend the path of gas in the water-cooling assembly 110, thereby improving the refrigeration efficiency of the water-cooling assembly 110 and further enhancing the refrigeration efficiency of the cryogenic refrigeration mechanism 100.

[0095] The gas flow path of the cooling apparatus 113 in the water-cooling assembly 110 will be described below.

[0096] In the embodiments of the present application, for the convenience of description, the cooling apparatus 113 farthest from the heat exchange assembly 120 in the axial direction of the compressor 114 is referred to as a primary cooling apparatus 1131, the compressor 114 on the primary cooling apparatus 1131 is referred to as a primary compressor 1141, and the water cooler 115 on the primary cooling apparatus 1131 is referred to as a primary water cooler 1151, where the primary compressor 1141 is communicated with the gas return port 122 of the heat exchange assembly.

[0097] In a direction from the water-cooling assembly 110 to the heat exchange assembly 120, the cooling apparatus adjacent to the primary cooling apparatus 1131 is a secondary cooling apparatus 1132, the compressor 114 on the secondary cooling apparatus 1132 is a secondary compressor 1142, and the water cooler 115 on the secondary cooling apparatus 1132 is a secondary water cooler 1152. The cooling apparatus adjacent to the secondary cooling apparatus 1132 is a tertiary cooling apparatus 1133, the compressor 114 on the tertiary cooling apparatus 1133 is a tertiary compressor 1143, and the water cooler 115 on the tertiary cooling apparatus 1133 is a tertiary water cooler 1153, and so on.

[0098] It should be noted that "the gas circuits of two adjacent cooling apparatuses 113 are connected in series with each other" means that the gas outlet 1146 of the primary compressor is communicated with the gas inlet of the primary water cooler 1151, the gas outlet of the primary water cooler 1151 is communicated with the gas inlet of the secondary compressor 1142, the gas outlet of the secondary compressor 1142 is communicated with the gas inlet of the secondary water cooler 1152, the gas outlet of the secondary water cooler 1152 is communicated with the gas inlet of the tertiary compressor 1143, the gas outlet of the tertiary compressor 1143 is communicated with the gas inlet of the tertiary water cooler 1153, the gas outlet of the tertiary water cooler 1153 is communicated with the gas inlet 1145 of the quaternary compressor, and so on, until the gas outlet 1157 of the water cooler adjacent to the heat exchange assembly 120 is communicated with the heat exchange assembly 120.

[0099] Continuing to refer to FIG. 6, the number of the cooling apparatus 113 is three, and the three cooling apparatuses 113 are arranged adjacent to each other along the axial direction of the compressor 114.

[0100] It should be noted that, in the embodiment of the present application, the axial direction of the compressor 114 is the same as the axial direction of the water-cooling assembly 110.

[0101] In the embodiments of the present application, the cooling apparatus 113 farthest from the heat exchange assembly 120 is configured as the primary cooling apparatus 1131, the cooling apparatus 113 adjacent to the heat exchange assembly 120 is configured as the tertiary cooling apparatus 1133, and the cooling apparatus 113 located between the primary cooling apparatus 1131 and the tertiary cooling apparatus 1133 is configured as the secondary cooling apparatus 1132.

[0102] Where, the gas inlet 1145 of the primary compressor of the primary cooling apparatus 1131 is communicated with the outlet 1258 of the reverse flow channel of the heat exchange assembly 120 (as shown in FIG. 5A). The reverse gas flow path is: entering from the gas return port 122 of the heat exchange assembly, passing through the reverse flow channel 1256 of the heat exchanger 125, and then entering the gas inlet 1145 of the primary compressor.

[0103] The gas outlet of the primary compressor 1141 is communicated with the gas inlet of the primary water cooler 1151, the gas outlet of the primary water cooler 1151 is communicated with the gas inlet of the secondary compressor 1142, the gas outlet of the secondary compressor 1142 is communicated with the gas inlet of the secondary water cooler 1152, the gas outlet of the secondary water cooler 1152 is communicated with the gas inlet of the tertiary compressor 1143, the gas outlet of the tertiary compressor 1143 is communicated with the gas inlet of the tertiary water cooler 1153, and the gas outlet of the tertiary water cooler 1153 is communicated with the inlet 1254 of the forward flow channel of the heat exchanger 125. The forward gas flow path is: starting from the gas inlet 1145 of the primary compressor, passing through the primary cooling apparatus 1131, the secondary cooling apparatus 1132 and the tertiary cooling apparatus 1133 in sequence, then entering the heat exchanger 125 from the inlet 1254 of the forward flow channel of the heat exchanger 125, reaching the inlet of the expander 124 through the forward flow channel 1253 in the heat exchanger 125, and then after expansion by the expander 124, flowing out from the gas outlet 123 of the heat exchange assembly to the target environment.

[0104] It should be noted that some of the gas inlets 1145 and gas outlets 1146 of the compressors in the figures, as well as some of the gas inlets 1156 and gas outlets 1157 of the water coolers in the figures are not fully marked. Reference may be made to the inflow and outflow directions of the lines with arrows; it can be understood that the position where the line with an arrow enters is the gas inlet, and the position where it flows out is the gas outlet. No repeated description will be given in the embodiments of the present application.

[0105] The thermodynamic flow diagram of the cryogenic refrigeration mechanism 100 is shown in FIG. 7. In the embodiment of the present application, the gas in the target environment is compressed by the primary compressor 1141 and then enters the primary water cooler 1151; the gas cooled by the primary water cooler 1151 enters the secondary compressor 1142; after being compressed by the secondary compressor 1142, the gas enters the secondary water cooler 1152; the gas cooled by the secondary water cooler 1152 enters the heat exchanger 125; after being processed by the heat exchanger 125, the gas enters the expander 124 and is discharged to the target environment; the gas in the target environment flows back to the primary compressor 1141 through the heat exchanger 125 again. Such a cycle may achieve the effect of refrigerating the target environment. The direction of the arrows in the figure refers to the direction of gas flow.

[0106] It should be noted that, in some other embodiments, the number of the cooling apparatus 113 in the water-cooling assembly 110 may also be one (not shown in the figure). In such a technical solution, the gas inlet 1145 of the compressor is configured as the gas inlet 111 of the water-cooling assembly, and the gas outlet 1157 of the water cooler is configured as the gas outlet 112 of the water-cooling assembly.

[0107] By setting the number of the cooling apparatus 113 to one, the structure of the water-cooling assembly 110 can be simplified, which is beneficial to the miniaturization development of the cryogenic refrigeration mechanism 100. As for the gas flow path in which one cooling device 113 is provided, reference can be made to the gas flow path with the two cooling apparatuses 113 described above, and no further limitation is imposed in the embodiments of the present application.

[0108] In some embodiments, as shown in FIG. 8, the compressor 114 includes a motor 10, a stator 12, a rotor 13 and a compression impeller 14. Where, the output shaft of the motor 10 is connected to the rotor 13, the stator 12 is configured to fix the output shaft of the motor 10, the compression impeller 14 is fixedly connected to the rotor 13, and the rotor 13 is configured to drive the compression impeller 14 to rotate.

[0109] In some embodiments, in the axial direction of the compressor 114, the compressors 114 of some of adjacent two cooling apparatuses 113 share one stator 12. Where, the shared stator 12 is provided with a vent hole 15, and the vent hole 15 is configured to communicate the gas outlet 1157 of the water cooler in the first cooling apparatus 113 with the gas inlet 1145 of the compressor in the second cooling apparatus 113.

[0110] It should be noted that, in some embodiments, when the number of the cooling apparatus 113 is plurality, the compressors 114 of the plurality of cooling apparatuses 113 and the expander 124 of a heat exchange apparatus may be arranged coaxially (as shown in FIG. 6). The expander 124 is a turbo expander 124. Coaxial arrangement refers to sharing a single shaft, and the shared shaft may be the output shaft of the motor 10 in FIG. 7. Such an arrangement may reduce the vibration of the expander 124 and the compressor 114, thereby reducing noise.

[0111] By having the compressors 114 of some of adjacent two cooling apparatuses 113 share one stator 12, the structure of the water-cooling assembly 110 can be simplified and costs can be saved. By arranging the vent hole 15 on the shared stator 12, the gas circuits between two adjacent cooling apparatuses 113 may be connected in series.

[0112] As shown in FIG. 9, the water cooler 115 is of an annular barrel structure.

[0113] By configuring the water cooler 115 into an annular barrel structure, the compressor 114 may be arranged inside the water cooler 115, so that the compressor 114 and the water cooler 115 form one cooling apparatus 113, which reduces the occupied space and is beneficial to the miniaturization development of the cryogenic refrigeration mechanism 100. In addition, the heat generated by the rotor 13 of the compressor 114 during operation may also be taken away by the gas.

[0114] Exemplarily, the water cooler 115 includes a carrier 1154 and a tube bundle structure 1155. Where, the carrier 1154 is of an annular plate structure, and the tube bundle structure 1155 is arranged on the carrier 1154 along a circumferential direction of the carrier 1154. As shown in FIG. 10, in a radial direction of the carrier 1154, the tube bundle structure 1155 includes a plurality ofU-shaped bends connected end to end. Both an inlet and an outlet of the tube bundle structure 1155 are located on the carrier 1154, the inlet of the tube bundle structure 1155 is configured as the gas inlet 1156 of the water cooler, and the outlet of the tube bundle structure 1155 is configured as the gas outlet 1157 of the water cooler. It should be noted that the inlet and outlet of the tube bundle structure 1155 may be selected according to specific circumstances; the marks in the figures represent only one case. In some other cases, the inlet and outlet of the tube bundle structure 1155 may be interchanged, and no further limitation is imposed in the embodiments of the present application.

[0115] By configuring the tube bundle structure 1155 to include a plurality of U-shaped bends connected end to end, a length of the pipeline of the water cooler 115 may be extended, thereby prolonging the time that the gas flows through the water cooler 115, further improving the cooling effect of the water cooler 115 on the gas in the tube bundle structure 1155, and thus enhancing the refrigeration efficiency.

[0116] In some embodiments, continuing to refer to FIG. 3, the cryogenic refrigeration mechanism 100 further includes a housing 160, where both the water-cooling assembly 110 and the heat exchange assembly 120 are located in the housing 160, and the cooling apparatus 113 is fixedly arranged in the housing 160. A water-cooling cavity 169 is arranged in the housing 160, the tube bundle structure 1155 of the water cooler 115 is located in the water-cooling cavity 169, and the carrier 1154 of the water cooler 115 is hermetically connected to the housing 160. The housing 160 is provided with a water inlet 161 and a water outlet 162 which are communicated with the water-cooling cavity 169; the water inlet 161 is configured to allow cooling water to enter the water-cooling cavity 169, and the water outlet 162 is configured to allow the cooling water in the water-cooling cavity 169 to be discharged.

[0117] Exemplarily, as shown in FIG. 11, the housing 160 further includes an installation cavity 164, where an inner side of each cooling apparatus 113 is provided with one installation cavity 164. The compressor 114 of the cooling apparatus 113 is arranged in the installation cavity 164. In this way, the compressor 114 may be arranged invisibly inside the water cooler 115, which may reduce the volume of the cooling apparatus 113, and the water cooler 115 can play a certain sound insulation role for the compressor 114, thereby reducing noise.

[0118] Continuing to refer to FIG. 11, the cooling apparatus 113 may further include a first flow guide baffle 165 and a second flow guide baffle 166. Where, in the radial direction of the water cooler 115, one end of the first flow guide baffle 165 is arranged around the outer side of the gas inlet 1145 of the compressor, and the other end is connected to the carrier 1154 of the water cooler 115. In the radial direction of the water cooler 115, one end of the second flow guide baffle 166 is arranged around the outer side of the gas outlet 1146 of the compressor, and the other end is connected to the carrier 1154 of the water cooler 115. The first flow guide baffle 165 and the second flow guide baffle 166 are arranged at intervals, and a first flow channel 171 is formed between the first flow guide baffle 165 and the second flow guide baffle 166. The first flow channel 171 is communicated with the gas outlet 1146 of the compressor, and the first flow channel 171 is communicated with the gas inlet 1156 of the water cooler.

[0119] By providing the first flow guide baffle 165 and the second flow guide baffle 166, and forming the first flow channel 171 between the first flow guide baffle 165 and the second flow guide baffle 166, the gas inlet 1156 of the water cooler may be communicated with the gas outlet 1146 of the compressor through the first flow channel 171. Compared with the related art where a connecting pipeline is arranged between the gas inlet 1156 of the water cooler and the gas outlet 1146 of the compressor, this can reduce the risk of pipeline leakage, simplify the structure between the gas outlet 1146 of the compressor and the gas inlet 1156 of the water cooler, and thus simplify the structure of the water-cooling assembly 110, and also enable the structure of the water-cooling assembly 110 to be more compact, which is beneficial to reducing the volume of the cryogenic refrigeration mechanism 100 and promoting the miniaturization development of the cryogenic refrigeration mechanism 100.

[0120] It should be noted that part of the structures of the first flow guide baffle 165 and the second flow guide baffle 166 is located in the installation cavity 164, and part of the structures extends to an outside of the installation cavity 164 and is connected to the carrier 1154 of the water cooler 115. In the embodiments of the present application, no further limitation is imposed on the shapes and sizes of the first flow guide baffle 165 and the second flow guide baffle 166, and they can be specifically set according to requirements.

[0121] Continuing to refer to FIG. 11, the water-cooling assembly 110 further includes an end cover 163. Where, the end cover 163 is located at an end of the water-cooling assembly 110 away from the heat exchange assembly 120 and is fixedly connected to the housing 160. In the axial direction of the compressor 114, the end cover 163 and the first flow guide baffle 165 adjacent to the end cover 163 are arranged at intervals, and a second flow channel 172 is formed between the end cover 163 and the first flow guide baffle 165. The second flow channel 172 is communicated with both a flow guide tube 180 and the gas inlet 111 of the water-cooling assembly.

[0122] By providing the end cover 163 and forming the second flow channel 172 between the end cover 163 and the first flow guide baffle 165, compared with the related art where a specific connecting pipe is arranged to introduce the return gas of the heat exchange assembly 120 into the water-cooling assembly 110, this may reduce the risk of pipeline leakage, simplify the structure of the gas flow channel used for the gas returning from the heat exchange assembly 120 to the water-cooling assembly 110, and thus simplify the structure of the water-cooling assembly 110, and also enable the structure of the water-cooling assembly 110 to be more compact, which is beneficial to reducing the volume of the cryogenic refrigeration mechanism 100 and promoting the miniaturization development of the cryogenic refrigeration mechanism 100.

[0123] Exemplarily, the second flow guide baffle 166 is spaced apart from an outer wall 1641 of the installation cavity, and a third flow channel 173 is formed between the second flow guide baffle 166 and the outer wall 1641 of the installation cavity. Where, the third flow channel 173 of the first cooling apparatus 113 is communicated with the third flow channel 173 of the second cooling apparatus 113, and the third flow channel 173 of the second cooling apparatus 113 is communicated with the gas inlet 1145 of the compressor of the second cooling apparatus 113.

[0124] By arranging the second flow guide baffle 166 spaced apart from the outer wall 1641 of the installation cavity and forming the third flow channel 173 between the second flow guide baffle 166 and the outer wall 1641 of the installation cavity, compared with the related art where a specific connecting pipe is arranged to introduce the gas flowing out of the water cooler 115 into the first compressor 114, this can simplify a pipeline structure between adjacent cooling apparatuses 113, reduce the risk of pipeline leakage, simplify the structure of the water-cooling assembly 110, and also enable the structure of the water-cooling assembly 110 to be more compact, which is beneficial to reducing the volume of the cryogenic refrigeration mechanism 100 and promoting the miniaturization development of the cryogenic refrigeration mechanism 100.

[0125] In a possible embodiment, the water-cooling assembly 110 may further include a third flow guide baffle 167. Where, the third flow guide baffle 167 is arranged on the outer side of the gas inlet 1145 of the compressor of the cooling apparatus 113 adjacent to the heat exchange assembly 120. The first flow guide baffle 165 and the third flow guide baffle 167 of the cooling apparatus 113 adjacent to the heat exchange assembly 120 are arranged at intervals, and a fourth flow channel 174 is formed between the first flow guide baffle 165 and the third flow guide baffle 167. A gas passing hole 168 is provided between the third flow channel 173 and the fourth flow channel 174 of the cooling apparatus 113 adjacent to the heat exchange assembly 120, and the gas passing hole 168 is configured to communicate the third flow channel 173 with the fourth flow channel 174.

[0126] Exemplarily, the number of the gas passing hole 168 may be plurality, and the plurality of gas passing holes 168 are arranged at intervals along the circumferential direction of the first flow guide baffle 165. In the embodiments of the present application, no further limitation is imposed on the number of the gas passing hole 168.

[0127] By providing the third flow guide baffle 167 and arranging the third flow guide baffle 167 on the outer side of the gas inlet 1145 of the compressor of the cooling apparatus 113 adjacent to the heat exchange assembly 120, the gas entering the compressor 114 of the cooling apparatus 113 adjacent to the heat exchange assembly 120 may be prevented from leaking out, so as to ensure that all the gas output from the water cooler 115 of the first cooling apparatus 113 may enter the compressor 114 of the second cooling apparatus 113, thereby improving the refrigeration efficiency.

[0128] It should be noted that structures for installation and fixation may also be provided on the end cover 163, the first flow guide baffle 165, the second flow guide baffle 166, the third flow guide baffle 167 and the fourth flow guide baffle. In the embodiments of the present application, no further description is given for these structures for installation and fixation.

[0129] In a possible embodiment, the water-cooling assembly 110 further includes a plurality of flow guide tubes 180. As shown in FIG. 12, the flow guide tube 180 may be arranged on the outer side of the water cooler 115. Where, the plurality of flow guide tubes 180 are arranged at intervals along the circumferential direction of the water cooler 115, and the flow guide tubes 180 are located on the outer side of the water cooler 115. The flow guide tubes 180 are configured to communicate the gas inlet 111 of the water-cooling assembly with the gas return port 122 of the heat exchange assembly. Exemplarily, the flow guide tube 180 is a tubular structure extending along the axial direction of the compressor 114; one end of the flow guide tube 180 is communicated with the gas inlet 111 of the water-cooling assembly, and the other end thereof is communicated with the outlet 1258 of the reverse flow channel of the heat exchanger 125.

[0130] Where, the direction of the arrows on the lines with arrows in FIG. 12 represents a direction of gas flow.

[0131] By providing the flow guide tubes 180, the water-cooling assembly 110 is communicated with the reverse flow channel 1256 of the heat exchanger 125, so as to realize the communication between the gas inlet 111 of the water-cooling assembly and the gas return port 122 of the heat exchange assembly. By arranging the flow guide tubes 180 on the outer side of the water cooler 115, compared with arranging the flow guide tubes 180 on the inner side of the water cooler 115 or passing it through the water cooler 115, sufficient space may be provided for the arrangement of the flow guide tubes 180, reducing the difficulty in arranging the flow guide tubes 180. By arranging the flow guide tubes 180 along the circumferential direction of the water cooler 115, the volume of the water-cooling assembly 110 can be reduced, and the volume of the cryogenic refrigeration mechanism 100 can be decreased, which is beneficial to the miniaturization development of the cryogenic refrigeration mechanism 100.

[0132] In a possible embodiment, as shown in FIG. 6, the expander 124 and the compressor 114 of the cooling apparatus 113 adjacent to the expander 124 are arranged coaxially. By arranging adjacent expanders 124 coaxially, the structure of the water-cooling assembly 110 can be simplified, thereby reducing costs.

[0133] Exemplarily, the expander 124 may further include an expansion cone tube 1241. The expander 124 is arranged close to the water-cooling assembly 110, and the expansion cone tube 1241 extends from one end of the heat exchanger 125 close to the water-cooling assembly 110 to an outer side of the other end of the heat exchanger 125. Where, the end of the expansion cone tube 1241 away from the water-cooling assembly 110 is the gas outlet 123 of the heat exchange assembly. The gas return port 122 of the heat exchange assembly is arranged at the end of the heat exchange assembly 120 away from the water-cooling assembly 110.

[0134] In a possible embodiment, as shown in FIG. 3 and FIG. 7, the expander 124 includes a rotating shaft and an expansion impeller. Where, the expansion impeller is located at an end of the rotating shaft away from the water-cooling assembly 110. A generator 1242 or a resistance apparatus is arranged at the end of the rotating shaft away from the expansion impeller.

[0135] By arranging the generator 1242 at the end of the rotating shaft of the expander 124 away from the expansion impeller, the expansion work of the expander 124 may be converted into electric energy for recovery, and the rotation of the expander 124 may also be controlled by the generator 1242, thereby realizing more precise expansion control. By arranging the resistance apparatus at the end of the rotating shaft of the expander 124 away from the expansion impeller, the expansion work of the compressor 114 may be absorbed and converted into heat, which is discharged through cooling water.

[0136] In a possible embodiment, the heat exchange assembly 120 is fixedly connected to the water-cooling assembly 110 (as shown in FIG. 1).

[0137] By fixedly connecting the heat exchange assembly 120 to the water-cooling assembly 110, the structure of the cryogenic refrigeration mechanism 100 can be made more compact, the volume of the cryogenic refrigeration mechanism 100 can be reduced, which is beneficial to the miniaturization development of the cryogenic refrigeration mechanism 100. In addition, this can also reduce the connecting structure between the water-cooling assembly and the heat exchange assembly, thereby reducing the vibration of the entire cryogenic refrigeration mechanism and thus reducing noise.

[0138] In a possible embodiment, as shown in FIG. 13, a rotating mechanism 190 is provided between the heat exchange assembly 120 and the water-cooling assembly 110. Where, one end of the rotating mechanism 190 is fixedly connected to the heat exchange assembly 120, and the other end is fixedly connected to the water-cooling assembly 110. The rotating mechanism 190 is configured to rotatably connect the heat exchange assembly 120 with the water-cooling assembly 110. The rotating mechanism 190 is also configured for the gas circuit connection between the heat exchange assembly 120 and the water-cooling assembly 110.

[0139] It should be noted that, in the embodiments of the present application, except for the different connection mode between the heat exchange assembly 120 and the water-cooling assembly 110, other structures and principles are the same as those of the embodiment shown in FIG. 3. For other structures, reference can be made to the embodiment shown in FIG. 3, and repeated description is omitted here.

[0140] By arranging the rotating mechanism 190 between the heat exchange assembly 120 and the water-cooling assembly 110, the cryogenic refrigeration mechanism 100 may be applied to scenarios where the heat exchange assembly 120 needs to rotate together with a rotating platform, such as an interior of the main shaft 300 of a superconducting motor. In addition, compared with the conventional low-temperature gas rotating mechanism 190, the rotating mechanism 190 of the technical solution of the present application may be at room temperature, without the need for adding vacuum insulation components, thereby simplifying the structure, reducing cooling capacity loss, and also improving system reliability.

[0141] In a possible embodiment, the rotating mechanism 190 is a slip ring structure. In the embodiments of the present application, no further limitation is imposed on the structure of the slip ring, as long as it may realize the rotational connection between the water-cooling assembly 110 and the heat exchange assembly 120.

[0142] In the description of the embodiments of the present application, it should be noted that, unless otherwise clearly specified and limited, the terms "installation", "couple" and "connection" should be understood in a broad sense, for example, it may be a fixed connection, or an indirect connection through an intermediate medium, or internal communication between two components or an interaction relationship between two components. For persons of ordinary skill in the art, the specific meanings of the above terms in the embodiments of the present application can be understood according to specific situations.

[0143] The terms "first", "second", "third", "fourth", etc. (if any) in the description, claims and the above drawings of the embodiments of the present application are used to distinguish similar objects, and are not necessarily used to describe a specific sequence or order.

[0144] Finally, it should be noted that the above embodiments are only used to illustrate the technical solutions of the present invention, but not to limit them; although the present invention has been described in detail with reference to the foregoing embodiments, persons of ordinary skill in the art should understand that they can still modify the technical solutions described in the foregoing embodiments, or substitute some or all of the technical features therein with equivalents; and these modifications or substitutions do not make the essence of the corresponding technical solutions deviate from the scope of the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention.

Examples

Embodiment Construction

[0053]To make the objectives, technical solutions, and advantages of the present invention clearer, the following clearly and comprehensively describes the technical solutions of embodiments of the present invention with reference to the accompanying drawings of the embodiments of the present invention. Apparently, the described embodiments are some rather than all embodiments of the present invention. All other embodiments obtained by persons of ordinary skill in the art based on embodiments of the present application without creative effort shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.

[0054]In the specification, claims, and the aforementioned accompanying drawings of the present invention, the terms "comprise" and "have" and any variations thereof are intended to cover non-exclusive inclusion. For example, a process, method, system, product, or device that includes a series of steps or units is not necessarily limited to those steps or units explicitly listed, b...

Claims

1. A cryogenic refrigeration mechanism, comprising: a water-cooling assembly, which comprises at least one cooling apparatus, each cooling apparatus comprising a compressor and a water cooler, wherein the water cooler is arranged around an outer side of the compressor, the compressor is in a gas circuit connection with the water cooler, and the water cooler is configured to cool a gas output from the compressor into the water cooler; and a heat exchange assembly, which is arranged opposite to the water-cooling assembly along an axial direction of the compressor, the heat exchange assembly being in a gas circuit connection with the water-cooling assembly; wherein the heat exchange assembly is configured to cool a gas output from the water-cooling assembly into the heat exchange assembly and discharge the cooled gas to a target environment; and the heat exchange assembly is also configured to allow a gas in the target environment to enter the water-cooling assembly through the heat exchange assembly.

2. The cryogenic refrigeration mechanism according to claim 1, wherein the water-cooling assembly comprises a gas inlet and a gas outlet, and the heat exchange assembly comprises a gas inlet, a gas outlet and a gas return port; wherein, the gas inlet of the water-cooling assembly is communicated with the gas return port of the heat exchange assembly; the gas outlet of the water-cooling assembly is communicated with the gas inlet of the heat exchange assembly; the gas inlet of the heat exchange assembly is communicated with the gas outlet of the heat exchange assembly; both the gas outlet and the gas return port of the heat exchange assembly are communicated with the target environment.

3. The cryogenic refrigeration mechanism according to claim 2, wherein the heat exchange assembly comprises an expander and a heat exchanger; wherein, the heat exchanger is arranged around an outer side of the expander; in the axial direction of the compressor, the heat exchanger is arranged opposite to the water cooler, and the compressor is arranged opposite to the expander; the heat exchanger is in a gas circuit connection with the water-cooling assembly, and the heat exchanger is at least configured to cool a gas output from the water-cooling assembly into the heat exchanger; the expander is in a gas circuit connection with the heat exchanger, and the expander is configured to cool a gas output from the heat exchanger into the expander and discharge the cooled gas to the target environment.

4. The cryogenic refrigeration mechanism according to claim 3, wherein the heat exchanger is a counter-flow heat exchanger, which comprises a forward flow channel and a reverse flow channel; wherein, an inlet of the forward flow channel is configured as the gas inlet of the heat exchange assembly; an outlet of the forward flow channel is in a gas circuit connection with an inlet of the expander, and an outlet of the expander is configured as the gas outlet of the heat exchange assembly; an inlet of the reverse flow channel is configured as the gas return port of the heat exchange assembly, and an outlet of the reverse flow channel is communicated with the gas inlet of the water-cooling assembly.

5. The cryogenic refrigeration mechanism according to claim 4, wherein the heat exchanger is a wound heat exchanger or a printed circuit board heat exchanger; the heat exchanger comprises a plurality of heat exchange fins arranged in a stacked manner, each heat exchange fin is provided with a vortex flow channel, and rotation directions of the vortex flow channels on two adjacent heat exchange fins are opposite; the vortex flow channel on one of the two adjacent heat exchange fins is configured as the forward flow channel, and the vortex flow channel on the other one is configured as the reverse flow channel.

6. The cryogenic refrigeration mechanism according to any one of claims 2-5, wherein the compressor in each cooling apparatus comprises a gas inlet and a gas outlet; the water cooler in each cooling apparatus comprises a gas inlet and a gas outlet; wherein, the gas outlet of the compressor is communicated with the gas inlet of the water cooler on the same cooling apparatus.

7. The cryogenic refrigeration mechanism according to claim 6, wherein the number of the cooling apparatus is one; wherein, the gas inlet of the compressor is configured as the gas inlet of the water-cooling assembly, and the gas outlet of the water cooler is configured as the gas outlet of the water-cooling assembly.

8. The cryogenic refrigeration mechanism according to claim 6, wherein the number of the cooling apparatus is plurality, and the plurality of cooling apparatuses are arranged along the axial direction of the compressor; wherein, among two adjacent cooling apparatuses, the cooling apparatus far away from the heat exchange assembly is configured as a first cooling apparatus, the cooling apparatus close to the heat exchange assembly is configured as a second cooling apparatus, and the gas outlet of the water cooler of the first cooling apparatus is communicated with the gas inlet of the compressor of the second cooling apparatus; the gas inlet of the compressor on the cooling apparatus located at an end of the water-cooling assembly away from the heat exchange assembly is configured as the gas inlet of the water-cooling assembly; the gas outlet of the water cooler on the cooling apparatus adjacent to the heat exchange assembly is configured as the gas outlet of the water-cooling assembly.

9. The cryogenic refrigeration mechanism according to claim 8, wherein the compressor comprises a motor, a stator, a rotor and a compression impeller; wherein, an output shaft of the motor is connected to the rotor, the stator is configured to fix the output shaft of the motor, the compression impeller is fixedly connected to the rotor, and the rotor is configured to drive the compression impeller to rotate.

10. The cryogenic refrigeration mechanism according to claim 9, wherein in the axial direction of the compressor, the compressors of part of adjacent cooling apparatuses share one stator; wherein, the shared stator is provided with a vent hole, and the vent hole is configured to communicate the gas outlet of the water cooler of the first cooling apparatus with the gas inlet of the compressor of the second cooling apparatus.

11. The cryogenic refrigeration mechanism according to any one of claims 8-10, wherein the water cooler is of an annular barrel structure.

12. The cryogenic refrigeration mechanism according to claim 11, wherein the water cooler comprises a carrier and a tube bundle structure; wherein, the carrier is of an annular plate structure, and the tube bundle structure is arranged on the carrier along a circumferential direction of the carrier; in a radial direction of the carrier, the tube bundle structure comprises a plurality of U-shaped bends connected end to end; both an inlet and an outlet of the tube bundle structure are located on the carrier; the inlet of the tube bundle structure is configured as the gas inlet of the water cooler; the outlet of the tube bundle structure is configured as the gas outlet of the water cooler.

13. The cryogenic refrigeration mechanism according to claim 12, wherein the water-cooling assembly further comprises a plurality of flow guide tubes; wherein, the plurality of flow guide tubes are arranged at intervals along a circumferential direction of the water cooler, and the flow guide tube is located on an outer side of the water cooler; the flow guide tube is configured to communicate the gas inlet of the water-cooling assembly with the gas return port of the heat exchange assembly.

14. The cryogenic refrigeration mechanism according to claim 13, further comprising a housing; wherein, the cooling apparatus is fixedly arranged in the housing; a water-cooling cavity with an opening at one end is arranged in the housing, the tube bundle structure of the water cooler is located in the water-cooling cavity, and the carrier of the water cooler covers an opening of the water-cooling cavity and is hermetically connected to the housing; the housing is provided with a water inlet and a water outlet which are communicated with the water-cooling cavity, the water inlet is configured to allow cooling water to enter the water-cooling cavity, and the water outlet is configured to allow the cooling water in the water-cooling cavity to be discharged.

15. The cryogenic refrigeration mechanism according to claim 14, wherein the housing further comprises an installation cavity; wherein, an inner side of each cooling apparatus is provided with one installation cavity; the compressor of the cooling apparatus is arranged in the installation cavity.

16. The cryogenic refrigeration mechanism according to claim 15, wherein the cooling apparatus further comprises a first flow guide baffle and a second flow guide baffle; wherein, in the radial direction of the water cooler, one end of the first flow guide baffle is arranged around an outer side of the gas inlet of the compressor, and the other end is connected to the carrier of the water cooler; in the radial direction of the water cooler, one end of the second flow guide baffle is arranged around an outer side of the gas outlet of the compressor, and the other end is connected to the carrier of the water cooler; the first flow guide baffle and the second flow guide baffle are arranged at intervals, and a first flow channel is formed between the first flow guide baffle and the second flow guide baffle; the first flow channel is communicated with the gas outlet of the compressor, and the first flow channel is communicated with the gas inlet of the water cooler.

17. The cryogenic refrigeration mechanism according to claim 16, wherein the water-cooling assembly further comprises an end cover; wherein, the end cover is located at an end of the water-cooling assembly away from the heat exchange assembly and is fixedly connected to the housing; in the axial direction of the compressor, the end cover and the first flow guide baffle adjacent to the end cover are arranged at intervals, and a second flow channel is formed between the end cover and the first flow guide baffle, the second flow channel is communicated with both the flow guide tube and the gas inlet of the water-cooling assembly.

18. The cryogenic refrigeration mechanism according to claim 16, wherein the second flow guide baffle and an outer wall of the installation cavity are arranged at intervals, and a third flow channel is formed between the second flow guide baffle and the outer wall of the installation cavity; wherein, the third flow channel of the first cooling apparatus is communicated with the third flow channel of the second cooling apparatus, and the third flow channel of the second cooling apparatus is communicated with the gas inlet of the compressor of the second cooling apparatus.

19. The cryogenic refrigeration mechanism according to claim 18, wherein the water-cooling assembly further comprises a third flow guide baffle; wherein, the third flow guide baffle is arranged on the outer side of the gas inlet of the compressor of the cooling apparatus adjacent to the heat exchange assembly; the first flow guide baffle and the third flow guide baffle of the cooling apparatus adjacent to the heat exchange assembly are arranged at intervals, and a fourth flow channel is formed between the first flow guide baffle and the third flow guide baffle; a gas passing hole is provided between the third flow channel and the fourth flow channel of the cooling apparatus adjacent to the heat exchange assembly, and the gas passing hole is configured to communicate the third flow channel with the fourth flow channel.

20. The cryogenic refrigeration mechanism according to any one of claims 13-19, wherein the heat exchange assembly is fixedly connected to the water-cooling assembly.

21. The cryogenic refrigeration mechanism according to any one of claims 13-19, wherein a rotating mechanism is provided between the heat exchange assembly and the water-cooling assembly; wherein, one end of the rotating mechanism is fixedly connected to the heat exchange assembly, and the other end is fixedly connected to the water-cooling assembly; the rotating mechanism is configured to rotatably connect the heat exchange assembly with the water-cooling assembly; the rotating mechanism is also configured for the gas circuit connection between the heat exchange assembly and the water-cooling assembly.

22. The cryogenic refrigeration mechanism according to claim 21, wherein the rotating mechanism is a slip ring structure.

23. The cryogenic refrigeration mechanism according to any one of claims 3-5, wherein the expander and the compressor of the cooling apparatus adjacent to the expander are arranged coaxially.

24. The cryogenic refrigeration mechanism according to any one of claims 3-5, wherein the expander comprises a rotating shaft and an expansion impeller; wherein, the expansion impeller is located at an end of the rotating shaft away from the water-cooling assembly; an end of the rotating shaft away from the expansion impeller is provided with a generator or a resistance apparatus.

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