Method and medicament for treating endometriosis
Patent Information
- Authority / Receiving Office
- EP · EP
- Patent Type
- Applications
- Current Assignee / Owner
- INSILICO MEDICINE IP LTD
- Filing Date
- 2024-08-09
- Publication Date
- 2026-06-17
AI Technical Summary
Endometriosis remains incurable due to its heterogeneous pathogenesis, and current therapeutic approaches, including hormone therapy, only manage symptoms without addressing the underlying disease mechanisms effectively.
The use of a sphingosine-1-phosphate receptor 1 (S1PR1) antagonist, such as Ponesimod, Ozanimod, or Fingolimod, to treat endometriosis by administering an effective amount to a subject in need, thereby modulating immune responses and reducing inflammation.
Targeting S1PR1 with antagonists shows promise in reducing endometriosis-induced pain and potentially addressing the systemic effects of the disease, offering a novel therapeutic approach beyond traditional hormone therapies.
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Figure PCTCN2024110958-FTAPPB-I100001 
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Figure PCTCN2024110958-FTAPPB-I100003
Abstract
Description
METHOD AND MEDICAMENT FOR TREATING ENDOMETRIOSIS
[0001] CROSS REFERENCE TO RELATED APPLICATION
[0002] This application claims priority from PCT international application PCT / CN2023 / 112244 filed on August 10, 2023, which is incorporated herein by reference in its entirety.FIELD
[0003] The present invention relates to the field of medicine, in particular, to a method for treating endometriosis.BACKGROUND
[0004] Endometriosis is a chronic inflammatory gynecological disease characterized by the presence of ectopic endometrial glands and stroma, predominantly on the pelvic peritoneum, ovaries and the rectovaginal septum. About 5 -15%of women at reproductive age are estimated to suffer from endometriosis worldwide (PMID: 27159755) , and the prevalence can reach 35 -80%in women with pain and / or infertility (PMID: 32212520, 33640070) . Owing to the variability in symptoms and confusion between signs of endometriosis and other disorders, delayed disease diagnosis, with the means ranging from 4 -12 years, is frequently reported (PMID: 8671344, 22990516, 12790847, 28440744) . The etiology of endometriosis remains obscure, and therefore several hypotheses are proposed to explain the origin of the disease (reviewed by PMID: 30026507) . Pathologically, genetics, the environment, immune dysfunction, and estrogen perturbation may contribute to the implantation and maintenance of endometriotic lesions (PMID: 30026507) . Among these, dysregulated steroidogenesis is the most studied mechanism in endometriosis pathology, which can be reflected by hormonal variation as a prevalent risk factor for the disease.
[0005] Due to the heterogeneous nature of its pathogenesis, endometriosis remains incurable. Multiple therapeutic approaches, such as surgery, medical treatment, and acupuncture, have been adopted in managing endometriosis and infertility. Hormone therapy is regarded as the first line therapy for endometriosis. Elagolix and Myfembree, two approved hormonal medications, collectively demonstrated their efficacy in reducing endometriosis-induced pain without any safety concerns in various phase III trials (PMID: 28525302, 29889764, 34134684, 33066973, 35717987) .
[0006] Despite endometriosis itself not a lethal disease, chronic pain and infertility pose significant impacts on the quality of life. It is estimated that the economic burden of endometriosis could reach $80 billion annually in the US alone (PMID: 35620300) . Nevertheless, mounting evidence suggests endometriosis is a systemic disease that alters cardiovascular, neurological, metabolic, and immune functions (PMID: 33640070) . Patients may have increased risks of developing several chronic diseases, such as adenomyosis (PMID: 24532217) , ovarian cancer (PMID: 28240000) and autoimmune diseases (PMID: 31260048) . These altogether urge the need to innovate effective therapeutics for the disease. To tackle this issue, we utilized an artificial intelligence (AI) -driven target discovery platform, PandaOmics, to identify S1PR1 as a repurposing candidate for treating endometriosis.SUMMARY
[0007] The purpose of the present invention is to provide a therapy or a medicament for the treatment of endometriosis.
[0008] One aspect of the present invention provides a method for treating endometriosis in a subject in need thereof, comprising administering to the subject an effective amount of a sphingosine-1-phosphate receptor 1 (S1PR1) antagonist.
[0009] In certain embodiments, the the S1PR1 antagonist is one or more selected from the group consisting of Ponesimod, Ozanimod, Siponimod, Fingolimod, Etrasimod, Cenerimod, Mocravimod dihydrochloride, Amiselimod hydrocholoride, CBP-307, TT-01688-CL, Vibozilimod, Icanbelimod, SCD-044, BMS-986166, BMS-986104, CP-1050, BMS-520, BMS-542, Ceralifimod, PF-04629991 and a derivative thereof.
[0010] Another aspect of the present invention provides use of a sphingosine-1-phosphate receptor 1 (S1PR1) antagonist in manufacture of a medicament for treating endometriosis.
[0011] In certain embodiments, the the S1PR1 antagonist is one or more selected from the group consisting of Ponesimod, Ozanimod, Siponimod, Fingolimod, Etrasimod, Cenerimod, Mocravimod dihydrochloride, Amiselimod hydrocholoride, CBP-307, TT-01688-CL, Vibozilimod, Icanbelimod, SCD-044, BMS-986166, BMS-986104, CP-1050, BMS-520, BMS-542, Ceralifimod, PF-04629991 and a derivative thereof.
[0012] Another aspect of the present invention provides a medicament for use in treatment of endometriosis, wherein the medicament comprises a sphingosine-1-phosphate receptor 1 (S1PR1) antagonist.
[0013] In certain embodiments, the the S1PR1 antagonist is one or more selected from the group consisting of Ponesimod, Ozanimod, Siponimod, Fingolimod, Etrasimod, Cenerimod, Mocravimod dihydrochloride, Amiselimod hydrocholoride, CBP-307, TT-01688-CL, Vibozilimod, Icanbelimod, SCD-044, BMS-986166, BMS-986104, CP-1050, BMS-520, BMS-542, Ceralifimod, PF-04629991 and a derivative thereof.BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
[0014] FIGs. 1A-1D show in silico analysis of the association between S1PR1 and endometriosis. (FIG. 1A) Screenshot of the Target ID page of PandaOmics for endometriosis meta-analysis. S1PR1 was revealed as a druggable target for endometriosis. Data for gene expression, genetics, drugs, and text were available for the current analysis. (FIG. 1B) Thirty-one uterine endometrial samples in GSE179640 were categorized into five groups: Ovarian endometriotic tissue, Peritoneal endometriotic tissue and its adjacent tissue, eutopic endometrium, and Control. Cells identified by scRNA-seq data were combined and then clustered into 18 clusters. The intensity of the expression of (FIG. 1C) S1PR1 in each cell cluster was displayed in the t-SNE plots. (FIG. 1D) Dysregulated pathways associated with S1PR1 in endometriosis comparisons were displayed. Pathways were annotated by the Reactome database, and the degree of pathway dysregulation was determined by iPANDA algorithm. Bar colored in green and red indicates the number of comparisons with significant activation and inactivation of the corresponding pathway, respectively.
[0015] FIGs. 2A-2B show expression of S1PR1 in GSE203191. (FIG. 2A) Based on disease diagnosis and symptom observation, 33 menstrual effluent samples were classified into three groups: Diagnosed, Symptomatic, and Control. Cells identified by scRNA-seq data from each group were combined and then clustered into 19 clusters. Expression intensities of (FIG. 2B) S1PR1 in the cell clusters were displayed in the t-SNE plots.DETAILED DESCRIPTION
[0016] It should be understood that this invention is not limited to particular embodiments described herein. It is also to be understood that the terminology used herein is for the purpose of describing particular embodiments only, and is not intended to be limiting, since the scope of the present invention will be limited only by the appended claims.
[0017] Unless defined otherwise, all technical and scientific terms used herein have the same meaning as commonly understood by one of ordinary skill in the art to which this invention belongs. Although any methods and materials similar or equivalent to those described herein can also be used in the practice or testing of the present invention, the preferred methods and materials are now described. All publications mentioned herein are to disclose and describe the methods and / or materials in connection with which the publications are cited.
[0018] Where a range of values with one or two limits is provided, it is understood that a smaller range between any stated intervening value in that stated range and either limit of that stated range is encompassed within the invention. Where the stated range includes one or two limits, ranges excluding either or both of the limits are also included in the invention.
[0019] Terminology
[0020] It must be noted that as used herein and in the appended claims, the singular forms "a, " "an, " and "the" include plural referents unless the context clearly dictates otherwise. It is further noted that the claims may be drafted to exclude any optional element. As such, this statement is intended to serve as antecedent basis for use of such exclusive terminology as "solely, " "only" and the like in connection with the recitation of claim elements, or use of a "negative" limitation.
[0021] Unless otherwise stated, the term “comprise” , “include” , “contain” and variations of these terms, such as comprising, comprises and comprised, are not intended to exclude further members, components, integers or steps. These terms also encompass the meaning of “consist of” or “consisting of” . The term “consist of” or “consisting of” is a particular embodiment of the term “comprise” , wherein any other non-stated member, component, integer or step is excluded.
[0022] The term "about" refers to a range equal to the particular value plus or minus ten percent (+ / -10%) .
[0023] The term “and / or” refers to any one, several or all of the elements connected by the term.
[0024] The term “endometriosis” as used herein refers to a condition in which tissue containing typical endometrial granular and stromal elements occurs aberrantly in various locations in the pelvic cavity or some other area of the body (most commonly the peritoneal cavity) .
[0025] The term “treat” , “treating” or “treatment” , as used herein, refers to alleviating, inhibiting and / or reversing the progress of a disease (such as endometriosis) . The term "treating" is inclusive of any indicia of success in the treatment or amelioration of the disease, including any objective or subjective parameter such as abatement; remission; diminishing of symptoms or making the injury, pathology or condition more tolerable to the subject; delaying or slowing in the rate of progression, etc. Measurement of the treatment or amelioration may be based on, e.g., the results of a physical examination, a pathological test and / or a diagnostic test as known in the art. Treating may also refer to reducing the incidence or onset of a disease, or a recurrence thereof (such as a lengthening in time of remission) , as compared to that which would occur in the absence of the measure taken. Clinically, such a treatment can also be called prevention.
[0026] The term “active agent” , as used herein, refers to a pharmaceutically active chemical that provides some pharmacologic effect and is used for treating or preventing a disease, such as endometriosis.
[0027] The term “inhibitor” and “antagonist” , as used herein, can be used interchangeably and refer to any molecule that partially or fully blocks or inhibits an activity of a target (such as the protein used as a target in the present invention) .
[0028] The term “derivative” of a compound, as used herein, refers to any pharmaceutically acceptable molecule that is derived from (i.e., structurally related to) the compound and has similar or substantially the same activity as the compound, which upon administration to a subject is capable of providing (directly or indirectly) a compound of the active agent or an active metabolite thereof. Examples of the derivatives include, but are not limited to, pharmaceutically acceptable salt, hydrate, solvate, prodrug or metabolite.
[0029] The term “pharmaceutically acceptable salt” , as used herein, refers to a relatively nontoxic, inorganic or organic acid salt of a compound of the invention. These salts may be prepared in situ during the final isolation and purification of the compounds or by reacting the purified compound in its free form separately with a suitable organic or inorganic acid and isolating the salt thus formed. Representative acid salts include, but are not limited to, acetate, adipate, aspartate, benzoate, besylate, bicarbonate / carbonate, bisulphate / sulphate, borate, camsylate, citrate, cyclamate, edisylate, esylate, formate, fumarate, gluceptate, gluconate, glucuronate, hexafluorophosphate, hibenzate, hydrochloride / chloride, hydrobromide / bromide, hydroiodide / iodide, isethionate, lactate, malate, maleate, malonate, mesylate, methylsulphate, naphthylate, 2-napsylate, nicotinate, nitrate, orotate, oxalate, palmitate, pamoate, phosphate / hydrogen phosphate / dihydrogen phosphate, pyroglutamate, saccharate, stearate, succinate, tannate, tartrate, tosylate, trifluoroacetate and xinafoate salts. In one embodiment, the pharmaceutically acceptable salt is a hydrochloride / chloride salt.
[0030] The term “solvate” , as used herein, refers to a complex of variable stoichiometry formed by a solute (e.g., the active agent of the present invention) and a solvent. Such solvents for the purpose of the invention may not interfere with the biological activity of the solute. Examples of suitable solvents include, but are not limited to, water, methanol, ethanol and acetic acid.
[0031] The term “prodrug” of a compound, as used herein, refers to a precursor, which when administered to a biological system, generates said compound as a result. For example, prodrugs can have the structure X-drug wherein X is an inert carrier moiety and drug is the active compound,
[0032] The term “metabolite” of a compound, as used herein, refers to a molecule which results from a modification or processing of the compound after administration to a subject. The term “metabolite” may designate a modified or processed drug that retains at least part of the activity of the parent compound.
[0033] The term “pharmaceutically acceptable” , as used herein, refers to those compounds, materials, compositions, and / or dosage forms which are, within the scope of sound medical judgment, suitable for contact with the tissues of a subject without excessive toxicity, irritation, allergic response, or other problem complications commensurate with a reasonable benefit / risk ratio.
[0034] The term “pharmacologically acceptable carrier” , as used herein, refers to any carrier that has substantially no long term or permanent detrimental effect when administered to a subject, such as a stabilizer, diluent, additive, auxiliary, excipient and the like. “Pharmaceutically acceptable carrier” should be a pharmaceutically inert material that has substantially no biological activity and constitutes a substantial part of the formulation.
[0035] The term “subject” , as used herein, refers to any organism to which the active agent of the composition of the present invention may be administered, e.g., for experimental, diagnostic, prophylactic, and / or therapeutic purposes. Typical subjects include animals (e.g., mammals such as mice, rats, rabbits, non-human primates such as chimpanzees and other apes and monkey species, and humans) . The subject may be a mammal, particularly a human, including a male or female, and including a neonatal, infant, juvenile, adolescent, adult or geriatric, and further is inclusive of various races and ethnicities.
[0036] The term “therapeutically effective dose” or “effective dose” , as used herein, which can be used interchangeably with "therapeutically effective amount" or “effective amount” , refers to an amount that is effective for treating a disease (such as endometriosis) as noted through clinical testing and evaluation, patient observation, and / or the like. An "effective amount" can further designate an amount that causes a detectable change in biological or chemical activity. The detectable changes may be detected and / or further quantified by one skilled in the art for the relevant mechanism or process. Moreover, an "effective amount" can designate an amount that maintains a desired physiological state, i.e., reduces or prevents significant decline and / or promotes improvement in the condition.
[0037] The term “unit dosage form” , as used herein, refers to physically discrete units (such as capsules, tablets, or loaded syringe cylinders) suitable as unitary dosages for a subject, each unit containing a predetermined quantity of active agent calculated to produce the desired therapeutic effect, in association with the required pharmaceutical carrier.
[0038] The term “unit dose” , as used herein, refers to a dose of a substance (such as an active agent of the present invention) in a unit dosage form.
[0039] Active agents for treating endometriosis
[0040] The inventor discovered through extensive research a target, sphingosine-1-phosphate receptor 1 (S1PR1) , for treating endometriosis. An antagonist or agonist of the target may be used to treat endometriosis.
[0041] Sphingosine-1-phosphate receptor 1 (S1P receptor 1 or S1PR1) , also known as endothelial differentiation gene 1 (EDG1) is a protein that in humans is encoded by the S1PR1 gene. S1PR1 is a G-protein-coupled receptor which binds the bioactive signaling molecule sphingosine 1-phosphate (S1P) . S1PR1 belongs to a sphingosine-1-phosphate receptor subfamily comprising five members (S1PR1-5) . S1PR1 was originally identified as an abundant transcript in endothelial cells and it has an important role in regulating endothelial cell cytoskeletal structure, migration, capillary-like network formation and vascular maturation. In addition, S1PR1 signaling is important in the regulation of lymphocyte maturation, migration and trafficking.
[0042] The active agent used to treat endometriosis can be any one selected from the group consisting of S1PR1 antagonists, including but not limited to Ponesimod, Ozanimod, Siponimod, Fingolimod, Etrasimod, Cenerimod, Mocravimod dihydrochloride, Amiselimod hydrocholoride, CBP-307, TT-01688-CL, Vibozilimod, Icanbelimod, SCD-044, BMS-986166, BMS-986104, CP-1050, BMS-520, BMS-542, Ceralifimod, PF-04629991 and a derivative thereof.
[0043] The structures of the exemplified S1PR1 antagonists are shown below.
[0044] The amount of each of the active agents in a unit dosage form may be 1-1000mg, such as 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15 , 16, 17, 18, 19, 20, 25, 30, 35, 40, 50, 60, 70, 75, 80, 90, 100, 110, 120, 125, 130, 140, 150, 160, 170, 175 , 180, 190, 200, 250, 300, 350, 400, 450, 500, 600, 700, 750, 800, 900, 1000mg or any range between any two of the above specific values.
[0045] Administration
[0046] Each of the active agent of the present invention may be administered to the subject via oral, buccal, sublingual, rectal, vaginal, parenteral, intradermal or intranasal or parenteral route. The parenteral administration includes intravenous, intraperitoneal, intradermal, subcutaneous, intramuscular, intracranial, intrathecal, intratumoral, transdermal, transmucosal intraarticular, intra-synovial, intrasternal, intrathecal, intrahepatic, intralesional or intracranial injection or infusion.
[0047] The active agent (s) as used herein may be formulated for administration in a pharmaceutical composition in accordance with known techniques. See, for example, Remington, The Science and Practice of Pharmacy (9th Ed. 1995) . In the manufacture of a pharmaceutical composition according to the present invention, the active agent is typically admixed with, inter alia, a pharmaceutical acceptable carrier. The carrier must, of course, be acceptable in the sense of being compatible with any other ingredients in the formulation and must not be deleterious to the patient. The carrier may be a solid or a liquid, or both, and is preferably formulated with the compound as a unit-dose formulation, for example, a tablet, which may contain from 0.01%or 0.5%to 95%or 99%by weight of the active agent. One or more active agents may be incorporated in the formulations of the invention, which may be prepared by any of the well-known techniques of pharmacy comprising admixing the components, optionally including one or more accessory ingredients and / or excipients. In some embodiments, any of the compositions, carriers, accessory ingredients excipients and / or the formulations of the invention comprise ingredients that are from either natural or non-natural sources. In other embodiments, any component of the compositions, carriers, accessory ingredients, excipients and / or the formulations of the invention may be provided in a sterile form. Non-limiting examples of a sterile carrier include endotoxin-free water or pyrogen-free water.
[0048] In some embodiments, the pharmaceutical composition of the invention is provided as part of a sterile composition / formulation comprising an active agent of the invention and a pharmaceutically acceptable carrier and / or excipient.
[0049] Dosage forms suitable for the oral administration include tablet, capsule, powder, pill, granule, suspension, solution or preconcentrate of solution, emulsion or preconcentrates of emulsion. Pharmaceutical acceptable carriers that can be used in an oral dosage form include water, glycols, oils, alcohols, flavoring agents, preservatives, coloring agents and the like. Carriers such as starches, sugars, microcrystalline cellulose, diluents, filler, glidants, granulating agents, lubricants, binders, stabilizers, disintegrating agents and the like can be used to prepare an oral solid preparation such as powder, capsule or tablet.
[0050] The diluent includes, but not limited to, microcrystalline cellulose, mannitol, powdered sugar, compressible sugar, dextran, dextrin, spinose, lactose, cellulose powder, sorbitol, sucrose and Talc powder or a combination thereof. The diluent may be 5%to 90%based on the total weight of the oral composition, preferably 10%to 80%, 20%-70%, 30%-60%, 40%-50%.
[0051] The disintegrating agent includes, but not limited to, cellulose, alginate, gum, cross-linked polymer, such as cross-linked polyvinylpyrrolidone or crospovidone, croscarmellose sodium, croscarmellose calcium, soybean polysaccharide, sodium starch glycolate, guar gum or any combination thereof. The disintegrating agent may be present in an amount of about 1%to 15%, preferably 2%to 10%, based on the total weight of the oral composition.
[0052] The binder includes, but not limited to, starch, cellulose or derivatives thereof, such as microcrystalline cellulose, hydroxypropyl cellulose, hydroxyethyl cellulose and hydroxypropyl methyl cellulose, sucrose, dextrose, corn syrup, polysaccharide, gelatin or any combination thereof. The binder may be present in an amount of 0.01 to 10%, preferably 1%to 10%, based on the total weight of the composition.
[0053] The glidant includes, but not limited to, colloidal silicon dioxide, magnesium trisilicate, cellulose powder, talc powder or a combination thereof can be selected. The glidant may be present in an amount of 0.1%to 10%, preferably 0.1%to 0.5%, based on the total weight of the composition.
[0054] Dosage forms can be in the form, e.g., of tablets or capsules, and the effective dose may be provided in one or more tablets, capsules or the like, and be provided once a day or throughout the day at intervals, e.g., of 4, 8 or 12 hours. Tablets or capsules, for example, could contain, e.g., 10, 25, 50, 75, 100, 150, 200, 250, 300, 350, 400, 450, 500, 600, 700, 800, 900, 1,000, 1, 100, or 1, 250 mg of the active agent. For example, administration to a human subject of the active agent of the present invention may comprise a daily dosage in the range of 100-1, 250, 150-1,000, 200-800, or 250-750 mg, which daily dosage can be administered either once a day in its entirety or fractions of which are administered throughout the day in intervals. Liquid formulations can also be prepared so that any dosage may readily and conveniently be dispensed.
[0055] Parenteral dosage forms are preferably sterile or capable of being sterilized prior to administration to a subject. Examples of parenteral dosage forms include, but are not limited to, solutions ready for injection, dry products ready to be dissolved or suspended in a pharmaceutically acceptable carrier for injection, suspensions ready for injection, and emulsions.
[0056] Some suitable carriers that can be used to provide parenteral dosage forms provided herein include, but are not limited to: water for injection; aqueous vehicles such as, but not limited to, sodium chloride injection, Ringer's injection, dextrose injection; water-miscible carriers such as, but not limited to, ethyl alcohol, polyethylene glycol, and polypropylene glycol; and non-aqueous carriers such as, but not limited to, corn oil, cottonseed oil, peanut oil, sesame oil, ethyl oleate, isopropyl myristate, and benzyl benzoate.
[0057] Compounds that increase the solubility of one or more of the active agents disclosed herein can also be incorporated into the parenteral dosage forms provided herein. For example, cyclodextrin and its derivatives can be used to increase the solubility of an active agent of the present invention.
[0058] It should be understood that a therapeutically effective dose may be determined by a physician, according to such as the type, stage and / or severity of the disease, the condition, age, body weight, sex and response of the subject to be treated, as well as the route of administration.
[0059] A therapeutically effective amount is an amount such that when administered to a subject is sufficient to achieve a plasma concentration of from about 0.01μg / ml to about 100 μg / ml, from about 0.1μg / ml to about 10 μg / ml, from about 1 μg / ml to about 5 μg / ml.
[0060] When administering the active agent of the present invention to a subject, the therapeutically effective amount of each of the active agents generally may be in the range of about 0.5 to about 250 mg / kg, about 1 to about 250 mg / kg, about 2 to about 200 mg / kg, about 3 to about 120 mg / kg, about 5 to about 250 mg / kg, about 10 to about 200 mg / kg, or about 20 to about 120 mg / kg for each active agent of the present invention. In some embodiments, the therapeutically effective amount may be 0.5mg / kg, 1mg / kg, 2mg / kg, 3mg / kg, 4mg / kg, 5mg / kg, 6mg / kg, 8mg / kg, 10mg / kg, 20mg / kg, 25mg / kg, 40mg / kg, 50mg / kg, 60mg / kg, 75mg / kg, 100mg / kg, 120mg / kg, 150mg / kg, 175mg / kg, 200mg / kg, 225mg / kg, 250mg / kg or 300mg / kg.
[0061] Each of the active agents of the present invention may be administered once or twice one day; or once every 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9 or 10 days or once every 1, 2 or 3 weeks. In some embodiments, each of the active agents of the present invention may be administered in a five times weekly scheme. In the five times weekly scheme, the administration may be done on five consecutive days (once daily) followed by two consecutive days off.
[0062] The term "kit" , as used herein, refers to a package and, as a rule, instruction for use. An active agent or a pharmaceutical composition in a kit can be in any of a variety of forms suitable for distribution in a kit. Such forms can include a liquid, powder, tablet, suspension and the like. Two or more active agents may be provided in separate containers suitable for administration separately, or alternatively may be provided in a composition in a single container in the package. The kit may contain an amount sufficient for one or more dosages of agents according to the treatment methods. The instruction for use generally comprises a literal statement of how to treat a disease (such as ALS) with the agents in the kit.
[0063] It should be understood that the combination or pharmaceutical composition of the present invention may include other therapeutic agents or therapies, such as biological therapeutic agents and / or chemotherapeutic agents in addition to the active agents of the present invention. The method may include administration of other therapeutic agents or therapies, such as biological therapeutic agents and / or chemotherapeutic agents in addition to administration of the active agents of the present invention. Other therapeutic agents or therapies may be administered simultaneously, separately or sequentially with the therapeutic agents of the present invention.
[0064] EXAMPLES
[0065] Example 1. Identification of Therapeutic Targets and Drug Repurposing Candidates for Endometrium Using PandaOmicsTM-an AI-enabled Biological Target Discovery Platform
[0066] 1. Methods
[0067] Data source and availability
[0068] Both bulk and single cell transcriptomics, and proteomics data were utilized in the current analysis. A total of thirty-six endometriosis-related bulk transcriptomics datasets, comprising microarray and RNA-sequencing series, of various tissue sources retrieved from Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) and ArrayExpress were available for direct downstream analysis and target identification on PandaOmics. Two single cell transcriptomics datasets, GSE179640 and GSE203191, were also extracted from GEO.
[0069] Dataset and comparison selection
[0070] Since disease pathogenesis was initiated from eutopic endometrium, datasets with uterine endometrial tissue were selected for downstream analysis and target identification. eleven case-control comparisons were generated from eleven bulk transcriptomics datasets, which were listed in Table 1. Both normal endometrial tissue from healthy individuals and eutopic endometrial tissue from patients with endometriosis were chosen as the controls, which was labeled as ‘Healthy’a nd ‘Eutopic endometrium’ , respectively, in the column Experimental design in Table 1.
[0071] Table 1. Comparisons in Endometriosis meta-analysis for target selection
[0072] Target identification by PandaOmics
[0073] PandaOmics was a cloud-based target discovery platform with multiple deep learning models and AI algorithms incorporated in the target prioritization process. Twenty-three target prioritization models covering Omics, Text-based, Financial, and Key Opinion Leader (KOL) data were developed to predict the association between the target genes and a particular indication. Scores of each of the models are given in a normalized scale from zero to one, with higher scores corresponding to better target-disease association as predicted by the model. These models were validated using a Time Machine approach to confirm their abilities in target identification. Adjustable filters for druggability, tissue specificity, target family, and developmental status were also available to refine the target list.
[0074] To identify potential targets for endometriosis, the case-control bulk transcriptomics comparisons created were allocated into a meta-analysis. To identify actionable targets with various novelty levels, settings of filters and scores were customized to reprioritize the targets. Only targets belonging to the druggable protein classes, and not regarded as essential genes defined by the Therapeutic target database (TTD) were retained in the analysis. As a result, three lists of druggable targets with high confidence, medium novelty, and higher novelty were generated, and their top 50 targets were subjected to further analysis.
[0075] Single-cell transcriptomics data processing and analysis
[0076] For GSE203191, menstrual effluent samples were collected from 11 endometriosis (diagnosed) , 13 symptomatic (not diagnosed but with chronic endometriosis symptoms) , and 9 control subjects. Samples in GSE179640 were isolated from five regions: healthy uterine endometrium, eutopic endometrium from patients with endometriosis, ectopic endometriotic tissues from ovary and peritoneum, as well as tissue adjacent to the endometriotic lesion in the peritoneum.
[0077] For GSE203191, sample data matrices generated by Cell Ranger were retrieved from the GEO database, and subject to gene and cell filtrations as well as cell cluster annotations as defined in the original paper (PMID: 36104692) . For GSE179640, the processed data that contains normalized expression, cell cluster annotations, sample metadata, as well as dimensionality reduction coordinates was readily provided by the authors and retrieved from https: / / singlecell. jax. org / datasets / endometriosis-2022. Differential gene expression between different cell clusters or different sample groups was calculated by Wilcoxon rank sum test using the log-normalized count data.
[0078] Pathway analysis
[0079] Signaling pathway activation status was assessed using PandaOmics proprietary single network model iPANDA (PMID: 27848968) . With the combinational use of differential gene expression data and the degree of pathway topology decomposition, iPANDA robustly identified sets of biological relevant pathway signatures from the input data with significant noise reduction. iPANDA value of 1 and -1 indicated pathway activation and suppression, respectively. Hierarchical organization of signaling pathways were curated based on the Reactome database.
[0080] 2. Results
[0081] Identification of S1PR1 as a potential therapeutic target by PandaOmics
[0082] Based on the expression correlation results, Endometriosis meta-analysis with 11 subtype and cycle nonspecific comparisons was utilized for target identification (Table 1) . To identify potential therapeutic targets for endometriosis, high confidence targets associated with the disease were screened based on the ranking calculated by PandaOmics, the consistency of dysregulated expression across comparisons included in the meta-analysis, statistical significance of the dysregulation, as well as literature support in driving endometriosis or with potential roles in the underlying mechanisms promoting endometriosis. S1PR1 was ranked as the 223th target in the meta-analysis, and scored at least 0.8 in four Omics AI score models, i.e. Network neighbors, Expression, Heterogenous graph walk and Matrix factorization (Fig. 1A) .
[0083] Upregulation of S1PR1 was observed in endometriosis transcriptomics datasets
[0084] To investigate the functional correlation of S1PR1 with endometriosis, expression profiles between samples collected from the endometriosis lesions and control endometrium were analyzed. Regarding the bulk transcriptomics profiles, S1PR1 was upregulated in 10 (90.9%) out of 11 comparisons, with 6 of the upregulations reaching statistically significant (FDR < 0.05) (Table 2) . Two endometriosis single cell transcriptomics datasets, GSE179640 and GSE203191, were also extracted to study the cell-specific expression profile.
[0085] Table 2. Expression profile of S1PR1 in endometriosis bulk transcriptomics comparisons
[0086] GSE179640 is composed of control samples collected from uterine endometrium, eutopic endometrium of patients, ectopic endometriotic lesions from peritoneum and ovary, and tissue adjacent to the endometriotic lesions in the peritoneum. S1PR1 was specifically enriched in endothelial cells in GSE179640. It was significantly overexpressed in the endothelial cells and one of the myeloid cell clusters in the ovarian endometriosis samples. Its upregulation was also detected in the NK cells and a myeloid cell cluster in the peritoneal endometriosis lesions and adjacent tissue of the peritoneal endometriosis lesions, respectively (Fig. 1B and 1C) . On the other hand, three groups of samples are available -menstrual effluent collected from endometriosis (diagnosed) , symptomatic, and control subjects in GSE203191. No significant LFC of S1PR1 observed in the case-control comparisons in any cell types.
[0087] S1PR1 agonists as repurposing candidates for endometriosis
[0088] Using PandaOmics proprietary single network model iPANDA, S1PR1 mainly contributed to immune regulatory pathways, by which most of them are prominently activated in endometriotic samples (Fig. 1D) . Literature has demonstrated the pivotal role of S1PR1 and its ligand, sphingosine-1-phosphate (S1P) , in immune response. Information of the associations between S1PR1 variants and traits was retrieved from GWAS Catalog, and half of the traits are immune-related. Loss-of-function of S1PR1 in mice is lethal. Conditional mutations of S1PR1 drive severe phenotypic abnormalities in immune, cardiovascular, and neuronal systems (PMID: 22975327, 16314531, 12869509, 20584883, 21960637) . Upregulation of S1PR1 has been reported in endometriosis (PMID: 30782093, 22277765) . S1P increased the expression of IL-6 and proliferative ability of the endometriotic cells (PMID: 30782093) . Inhibition of S1PR1 and S1PR3 suppressed S1P-induced endometriotic stromal cell proliferation (PMID: 30782093) . S1P and its downstream pathway mediated the induction of expression of COX-2 and PGE2 production, two important mediators of inflammation (PMID: 12890694, 26994820) . As endometriosis is a chronic inflammatory disease and S1PR1 demonstrated a close linkage with endometriosis, targeting S1PR1 could be a therapeutic approach for endometriosis.
[0089] The launched agonists of S1PR1 -fingolimod, siponimod, ozanimod and ponesimod, functionally antagonize the action of S1PR1, and are indicated for treating multiple sclerosis. Binding of these compounds to S1PR1 induces receptor internalization and degradation. In particular, ponesimod acts specifically on the S1PR1 receptor. Besides the launched ones, sixteen additional compounds have been designed to target S1PR1 and tested in various indicators, i.e. Etrasimod, Cenerimod, Mocravimod dihydrochloride, Amiselimod hydrochloride, CBP-307, TT-01688-CL, Vibozilimod, Icanbelimod, SCD-044, BMS-986166, BMS-986104, CP1050, BMS520, BMS542, Ceralifimod, and PF-04629991.
Claims
1.A method for treating endometriosis in a subject in need thereof, comprising administering to the subject an effective amount of a sphingosine-1-phosphate receptor 1 (S1PR1) antagonist.2.The method according to claim 1, wherein the S1PR1 antagonist is one or more selected from the group consisting of Ponesimod, Ozanimod, Siponimod, Fingolimod, Etrasimod, Cenerimod, Mocravimod dihydrochloride, Amiselimod hydrocholoride, CBP-307, TT-01688-CL, Vibozilimod, Icanbelimod, SCD-044, BMS-986166, BMS-986104, CP-1050, BMS-520, BMS-542, Ceralifimod, PF-04629991 and a derivative thereof.3.Use of a sphingosine-1-phosphate receptor 1 (S1PR1) antagonist in manufacture of a medicament for treating endometriosis.4.The use according to claim 3, wherein the S1PR1 antagonist is one or more selected from the group consisting of Ponesimod, Ozanimod, Siponimod, Fingolimod, Etrasimod, Cenerimod, Mocravimod dihydrochloride, Amiselimod hydrocholoride, CBP-307, TT-01688-CL, Vibozilimod, Icanbelimod, SCD-044, BMS-986166, BMS-986104, CP-1050, BMS-520, BMS-542, Ceralifimod, PF-04629991 and a derivative thereof.5.A medicament for use in treatment of endometriosis, wherein the medicament comprises a sphingosine-1-phosphate receptor 1 (S1PR1) antagonist.6.The medicament for use according to claim 5, wherein the S1PR1 antagonist is one or more selected from the group consisting of Ponesimod, Ozanimod, Siponimod, Fingolimod, Etrasimod, Cenerimod, Mocravimod dihydrochloride, Amiselimod hydrocholoride, CBP-307, TT-01688-CL, Vibozilimod, Icanbelimod, SCD-044, BMS-986166, BMS-986104, CP-1050, BMS-520, BMS-542, Ceralifimod, PF-04629991 and a derivative thereof.