A coating composition for passivation on zam (zinc-aluminum-magnesium) substrates having low to middle aluminum content
Patent Information
- Authority / Receiving Office
- EP · EP
- Patent Type
- Applications
- Current Assignee / Owner
- CHEMETALL GMBH
- Filing Date
- 2024-03-18
- Publication Date
- 2026-06-17
AI Technical Summary
ZAM substrates with low to middle aluminum content are prone to darkening during storage due to magnesium compound formation, and existing passivation coatings cause discoloration in humidity tests, failing to meet strict surface appearance requirements in industries like home-appliance and automotive.
A coating composition comprising a water-soluble or water-dispersible resin, silane, corrosion inhibitor, and an anti-darkening agent such as amino acids (e.g., aspartic acid, glutamic acid, serine, threonine, cysteine, tyrosine, asparagine, glutamine, and phenylalanine) is used for passivating low-Al and middle-Al ZAM substrates.
The coating composition significantly improves the anti-darkening performance of low-Al and middle-Al ZAM substrates in humidity tests while maintaining resistance to corrosion, alkaline, solvent, sweat, and heat.
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Figure PCTCN2024082253-FTAPPB-I100001 
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Figure PCTCN2024082253-FTAPPB-I100003
Abstract
Description
A COATING COMPOSITION FOR PASSIVATION ON ZAM (ZINC-ALUMINUM-MAGNESIUM) SUBSTRATES HAVING LOW TO MIDDLE ALUMINUM CONTENTTECHNICAL FIELD
[0001] The present invention relates to a coating composition for passivation on ZAM substrates and more spe-cifically for passivation on low-Al and middle-Al ZAM substrates.BACKGROUND
[0002] ZAM (Zinc-Aluminum-Magnesium) substrates turn to popular in recent years due to their excellent anti-corrosion performance compared with tranditional HDG (hot-dip galvanized) and GL (hot-dip galvalume) substrates. According to different contents of Aluminum, ZAM substrates are typically classified into three types, i.e. low-, middle-and high-Al ZAM. The weight percentage of Al in low-Al ZAM is no more than 5%based on the total weight of ZAM substrate while the number is higher than 5%and no more than 12%for middle-Al ZAM. Low-Al and middle-Al ZAM substrates could be deemed as HDG substrates added with Al and Mg elements. And the weight percentage of Mg in ZAM is normally in a range of from 1%to 3%based on the total weight of ZAM substrates.
[0003] However, ZAM substrates are prone to darken during storage becasue of the formation of magnesium compound on substrate surfaces. And if applying passivation coating in prior art on ZAM substrates, obvious discoloration are observed in humidity test. Since in the fields of home-appliance and automotive industry, requirements of surface appearance are quite strict, passivation coating needs to provide good anti-darkening performance based on ZAM substrates. And meanwhile, other critical performances shall be fulfilled as well, including resistance against corrosion, alkaline, solvent, sweat and heat etc.
[0004] Therefore, it is still required to provide a coating composition for passivation on ZAM substrates having low to middle aluminum content that could avoid darkening of substrate surfaces and at the same time could enable ZAM substrate surfaces to resist corrosion, alkaline, solvent, sweat and heat etc.
[0005] SUMMARY OF THIS INVENTION
[0006] In one aspect, the present invention provides a coating composition for passivating low-Al and middle-Al ZAM substrates, comprising
[0007] (a) at least one water-soluble or water-dispersible resin selected from polyurethane resin, epoxy resin and polyacrylate resin;
[0008] (b) at least one silane;
[0009] (c) at least one corrosion inhibitor; and
[0010] (d) at least one anti-darkening agent selected from amino acids.
[0011] In another aspect, the present invention provides low-Al and middle-Al ZAM substrates passivated by the invented coating composition.
[0012] It has been surprisingly found that by adding proper amount of amino acids such as aspartic acid, glutamic acid, serine, threonine, cysteine, tyrosine, asparagine, glutamine and phenylalanine, the ob-tained coating composition for passivation could enable low-Al and middle-Al ZAM substrates dramati-cally improved anti-darkening performance in humidity test at 49℃ and a relative humidity of 95%, and meanwhile other performances like resistance to corrosion, alkaline, solvent, sweat and heat are still satisfying.
[0013] DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THIS INVENTION
[0014] The present invention now will be described more fully hereinafter, in which some, but not all embodiments of the invention are shown. Indeed, this invention can be embodied in many different forms and should not be construed as limited to the embodiments set forth herein; rather, these embodiments are provided so that this disclosure will satisfy applicable legal requirements.
[0015] In the present disclosure, expressions “a” , “an” , “the” , when used to define a term, include both the plural and singular forms of the term.
[0016] The terms “comprise” , “comprising” , etc. are used interchangeably with “contain” , “containing” , etc. and are to be interpreted in a non-limiting, open manner. That is, e.g., further components or elements may be present. The expressions “consists of” or “consists essentially of” or cognates, if used, may be embraced within “comprises” or cognates.
[0017] The term “acidic” means having acid properties and the acidic coating composition means a coating system with a pH<7. In some embodiments of the present invention, the PH of the coating composition is in a range of from 3 to 5.
[0018] The term “passivation layer” means a film obtained from curing or drying a passivating composition.
[0019] The term “silane” means silane and its hydrolysis, condensation, polymerization and reaction products in particular silanols, siloxanes and polysiloxanes.
[0020] The term “polyurethane” means a polymer composed of a chain of organic units joined by carbamate (urethane) links. Polyurethane resins are formed by reacting a monomer having two or more isocyanate (-N=C=O) groups with a monomer having two or more hydroxyl (-OH) groups.
[0021] The term “isocyanate” , “diisocyanate” or “polyisocyanate” means a compound having one, two or at least three isocyanate (-N=C=O) groups respectively.
[0022] The term “polyacrylate resin” is a general name for acrylic polymer and methacrylic polymer (or (meth) acrylate polymer) and the derivatives thereof.
[0023] The term “ (meth) acrylate” means acrylate and / or methacrylate monomer.
[0024] All percentages and ratios regarding the composition are mentioned by weight unless otherwise indicated.
[0025] The present invention provides a coating composition for passivating low-Al and middle-Al ZAM sub-strates, comprising
[0026] (a) at least one water-soluble or water-dispersible resin selected from polyurethane resin, epoxy resin and polyacrylate resin;
[0027] (b) at least one silane;
[0028] (c) at least one corrosion inhibitor; and
[0029] (d) at least one anti-darkening agent selected from amino acids.
[0030] The coating composition of the present invention comprises a water-soluble or water-dispersible resin as component (a) selected from a group consisting of polyurethane resin, epoxy resin and polyacrylate resin. And the amount of component (a) is in a range of from 5%to 15%by weight, based on the total weight of the coating composition. In some embodiments, the amount of component (a) in the coating composition is in a range of from 5%to 10%by weight, based on the total weight of the coating composition.
[0031] Preferably, component (a) is a combination of polyurethane resin and polyacrylate resin. It is surprisingly found that by combining polyurethane resin and polyacrylate resin, the surface energy of the formed passivation layer could be increased dramatically and at the same time storage stability of the coating composition, as well as passivation layers′ resistance against corrosion, chemicals, boiling-water, darkening and heat are improved significantly. In some preferred embodiments, the ratio by weight of polyurethane resin to polyacrylate resin is in a range of from 0.5 to 1.2, preferably in a range of from 0.6 to 1.0, more preferably from 0.7 to 1.0.
[0032] Polyurethane resins suitable for the coating composition of the present invention can be prepared by reacting at least one polyol selected from a group consisting of polyester polyols and polyether polyols with di-or polyisocyanate.
[0033] Appropriate isocyanates can be selected by persons skilled in the art. For example, the isocyanate could be hexamethylene diisocyanate, octamethylene diisocyanate, decamethylene diisocyanate, dodecamethylene diisocyanate, tetradecamethylene diisocyanate, trimethylhexane diisocyanate, tetramethylhexane diisocyanate, isophorone diisocyanate, 2-isocyanatopropylcyclohexyl isocyanate, dicyclohexylmethane 2, 4′-diisocyanate, dicyclohexylmethane 4, 4′-diisocyanate, 1, 4-or 1, 3-bis(isocyanatomethyl) cyclohexane, 1, 4-or 1, 3-or 1, 2-diisocyanatocyclohexane, 2, 4-or 2, 6-diisocyanato-1-methylcyclo-hexane, diisocyanates derived from dimer fatty acids, as DDI 1410 from Henkel, 1, 8-diisocyanato-4-isocyanato-methyloctane, 1, 7-diisocyanato-4-isocyanatomethylheptane, 1-isocyanato-2- (3-isocyanatopropyl) cyclohexane, tetramethylxylylene diisocyanates (TMXDI) , or mixtures of these polyisocyanates. In some embodiments, the isocyanate could be tetramethylxylylene diisocyanates (TMXDI) or isophorone diisocyanate or their combination. In some embodiments, the isocyanate is isophorone diisocyanate.
[0034] Preferably, the polyurethane resin used in the invented coating composition excludes aromatic structure. The polyurethane resin could be added into said aqueous non-Cr passivating composition in a dispersion form. For example, said dispersion may be selected from a group consisting of PUD1217 (Shanghai Sisheng Polymer Materials Co. Ltd. ) , CUD4820 VP and CUD4835 VP (Alberdingk Boley) , PUC1 (Lamberti Asia Pacific Limited) , HYDRAN MC1030, HYDRAN CP-7520, and HYDRAN CP-7050 (DIC Corporation) . And the amount of polyurethane resin is calculated based on the polyurethane resin in the dispersion when it is added into the coating composition in a dispersion form.
[0035] The polyacrylate resin could be added into the invented coating composition in a dispersion or emulsion form. And the amount of the polyacrylate resin is calculated based on the polyacrylate resin in the dispersion or emulsion when it is added into the coating composition in a dispersion or emulsion form.
[0036] Preferably, polyacrylate resins used as component (a) are prepared from emulsion polymerization of monomers in the presence of polymerization initiating agents. It is surprisingly found that the polyacrylate resin prepared from emulsion polymerization and having appropriate number average molecular weight (Mn) and average particle diameter could help to improve the alkali resistance of the formed passivation layer.
[0037] Preferably, the polyacrylate resin has a number average molecular weight (Mn) in a range of from 100,000 Dalton to 500,000 Dalton, determined by gel permeation chromatography (GPC) according to DIN 55672-1. Preferably, the polyacrylate resin has a number average molecular weight in a range of from 100,000 Dalton to 300,000 Dalton, and more preferably from 100,000 Dalton to 200,000 Dalton.
[0038] Preferably, the polyacrylate resin has a particle diameter in a range of from 50nm to 400nm, preferably from 100nm to 300 nm, and more preferably from 100nm to 200nm, measured by DLS (dynamic light scattering) .
[0039] Persons skilled in the art can select appropriate conditions and procedures for the emulsion polymerization according to actual applications. In some preferred embodiments, polyacrylate resins used in the present invention are prepared by emulsion polymerization without using any fluorine-containing emulsifier. For example, the polyacrylate resin dispersion or emulsion could be selected from a group consisting of NeoCryl XK350 (DSM NeoResins) , (Changzhou Guangshu Chemical Technology) , 7012 (Caprol Chemical (Shanghai) Co. Ltd. ) and Gardobond PC8918 CA (Chemetall) .
[0040] Monomers for preparing polyacrylate resin are known in the art. For example, these monomers could be methyl acrylate, methyl methacrylate, acrylic acid, methacrylic acid, ethyl acrylate, ethyl methacrylate, propyl acrylate, propyl methacrylate, isopropyl acrylate, isopropyl methacrylate, butyl acrylate, butyl methacrylate, isobutyl acrylate, isobutyl methacrylate, tert-butyl acrylate, tert-butyl methacrylate, amyl acrylate, amyl methacrylate, hexyl acrylate, hexyl methacrylate, ethylhexyl acrylate, ethylhexyl methacrylate, 3, 3, 5-trimethylhexyl acrylate, 3, 3, 5-trimethylhexyl methacrylate, stearyl acrylate, stearyl methacrylate, lauryl acrylate or lauryl methacrylate, cycloalkyl acrylates and / or cycloalkyl methacrylates, such as cyclohexyl (meth) acrylate, (meth) acrylate esters of alkyl-substituted cyclohexanol, and (meth) acrylate esters of alkanol-substituted cyclohexane, such as 2-tert-butyl and 4-tert-butyl cyclohexyl (meth) acrylate, 4-cyclohexyl-1-butyl (meth) acrylate, and 3, 3, 5, 5, -tetramethyl cyclohexyl (meth) acrylate; isobornyl (meth) acrylate; isomenthyl (meth) acrylate; cyclopentyl (meth) acrylate, (meth) acrylate esters of alkyl-substituted cyclopentanols, and (meth) acrylate esters of alkanol substituted cyclopentanes; adamantanyl (meth) acrylates; cyclododecyl (meth) acrylate; cycloundecanemethyl (meth) acrylate; dicyclohexylmethyl (meth) acrylate; cyclododecanemethyl (meth) acrylate; menthyl (meth) acrylate and their combinations.
[0041] Epoxy resin suitable for said aqueous non-Cr passivating composition could be any water-borne epoxy resin known in the art capable of forming a film.
[0042] Persons skilled in the art can select appropriate epoxy resins for the present invention. For example, the epoxy resins could be selected from a group consisting of bisphenol A type epoxy resins, bisphenol F type epoxy resins, glycidyl ether epoxy resins such as polyphenol type glycidyl ether epoxy resins, glycidyl ester epoxy resins, silicone-modified epoxy resins, and polyurethane modified epoxy resins.
[0043] Component (b) may be selected from a group of various silanes. For examples, silanes used in the present invention can be selected from acyloxysilane, alkyl silane, alkyl trialkoxysilane, aminosilane, aminoalkyl silane, aminopropyl trialkoxysilane, bis-silyl silane, epoxysilane, fluoroalkyl silane, glycidoxysilane such as glycidoxyalkyl trialkoxysilane, isocyanato silane, mercapto silane, (meth) acrylato silane, monosilyl silane, polysilyl silane, bis- (trialkoxysilylpropyl) amine, bis- (trialkoxysilyl) ethane, sulfur-containing silane, bis- (trialkoxysilyl) propyltetrasulfane, ureidosilane such as (ureidopropyltrialkoxy) silane, vinyl silane, in particular vinyltrialkoxysilane and / or vinyltriacetoxysilane, and / or at least one corresponding silanol and / or siloxane.
[0044] Preferably, said silane could be selected from a group consisting of tetraethoxysilane, 3-glycidoxyalkyltrialkoxysilane, 3-methacryloxyalkyltrialkoxysilane, aminoalkylaminoalkylalkyldialkoxysilane, β- (3, 4-epoxycycloalkyl) alkyltrialkoxysilane, (3, 4-epoxycycloalkyl) alkyltrialkoxysilane, bis (trialkoxysilylalkyl) amine, bis- (trialkoxysilyl) ethane, (3, 4-epoxyalkyl) trialkoxysilane, γ-aminoalkyl trialkoxysilane, γ-methacryloxyalkyltrialkoxysilane, γ-ureidoalkyltrialkoxysilane, glycidoxyalkyltrialkoxysilane, N- (3- (trialkoxysilyl) alkyl) alkylenediamine, N-β- (aminoalkyl) -γ-aminoalkyltrialkoxysilane, N- (γ-trialkoxysilylalkyl) dialkylenetriamine, polyaminoalkylalkyldialkoxysilane, tris (3- (trialkoxysilyl) alkyl) isocyanurate, (ureidopropyltrialkoxy) silane and vinyltriacetoxysilane. More preferably, said silane could be selected from a group consisting of 3-aminopropyl triethoxysilane, 3-epoxypropyl trimethoxysilane, tetraethoxysilane and 3-vinyl trimethoxysilane.
[0045] Component (b) is added in an amount of from 5%to 20%by weight, and preferably from 8%to 15%by weight, based on the total weight of the coating composition.
[0046] Component (c) is corrosion inhibitor used to prevent metals from corrosion. And moreover it could improve the stability of the coating composition during storage.
[0047] Component (c) may be organic phosphonic acids, inorganic phosphoric acids, and salts thereof; or an acidic corrosion inhibitor such as fluorine-containing acidic corrosion inhibitors like hexafluorotitanic acid, hexafluorozirconic acid or their combination.
[0048] Inorganic phosphoric acid or phosphate is preferably added in at least one form selected from monophosphates (=orthophosphates based on PO43-, monohydrogen phosphates based on HPO42-, or dihydrogen phosphates based on H2PO4-) , diphosphates, triphosphates, phosphorus pentoxide and phosphoric acid (=orthophosphoric acid H3PO4) . Phosphate can be monometallic phosphate, a mixture of phosphoric acid and metal, a mixture of phosphoric acid and metallic salt / oxide, diphosphate, triphosphate, polyphosphate of phosphorus pentoxide etc. In one embodiment, component (c) is zinc dihydrogen phosphate.
[0049] Organic phosphonic acids and salts could be added as component (c) into the invented coating composition. Said organic phosphonic acids and salts suitable for the present invention may comprise but are not limited to diphosphonic acid and diphosphonic acid having an alkyl chain. For example, 1-hydroxyethane-1, 1-diphosphonic acid (HEDP) , aminotris (methylenephosphonic acid) (ATMP) , ethylenediamine-tetra (methylenephosphonic acid) (EDTMP) , diethylenetriamine-penta- (methylenephosphonic acid) (DTPMP) , diethylenetriamine-penta (methylenephosphonic acid) (DTPMP) , hexamethylenediamine-tetra (methylenephosphonic acid) (HDTMP) , hydroxyethyl-amino-di (methylenephosphonic acid) (HEMPA) or / and phosphonobutane-1, 2, 4-tricarboxylic acid (PBTC) .
[0050] The amount of component (c) in the coating composition is in a range of from 1%to 10%by weight, for example in a range of from 1%to 5%by weight, based on the total weight of the coating composition.
[0051] Component (d) is anti-darkening agent selected from a group of amino acids. Compared with substrates of hot-dip galvanized (HDG) and hot-dip galvalume (GL) , ZAM substrates show better anti-corrosion performance but are prone to darkening during storage due to the formation of magnesium compound on surfaces of substrates.
[0052] It is surprising to find that by adding proper amount of certain amino acids, the obtained coating composition enables the low-Al and middle-Al ZAM substrates anti-blackening and at the same time other properties such as corrosion resistance, solvent resistance, heat resistance and alkaline resistance are maintained.
[0053] Said amino acids used as anti-darkening agent are hydrophilic amino acids including amino acids having polar side chains and electrically charged side chains, for example, serine, threonine, cysteine, tyrosine, asparagine, glutamine, aspartic acid, glutamic acid, lysine, arginine and histidine.
[0054] Preferably, component (d) as anti-darkening agent is at least one selected from a group consisting of aspartic acid, glutamic acid, serine, threonine, cysteine, tyrosine, asparagine, glutamine and phenylala-nine. In some embodiments, at least one amino acid selected from phenylalanine, glutamine, threonine, tyrosine is used as anti-darkening agent. And in one particular embodiment, threonine is used as anti-darkening agent.
[0055] The amount of component (d) as anti-darkening agent is in a range of from 0.05%to 2%by weight and preferably from 0.1%to 1%by weight based on the total weight of the coating composition.
[0056] The coating composition of the present invention may further comprise at least one additive. Persons skilled in the art could select one or more additives used in the aqueous non-Cr passivating composition of the present invention according to actual applications. For example, these additives could be defoaming agents, such as BYK028 (BYK Chemie) ; wetting agent, such as SF104E (Evonik) ; coalescing agent, such as dipropylene glycol mono butyl ether.
[0057] In some embodiments, polyester resins and novolac resin could also be added as additives.
[0058] When the additive is added, its amount can be determined by persons skilled in the art. Generally, the amount of the additional additive may be in a range of from 1 to 10%by weight, such as 1 to 5%by weight, based on the total weight of the coating composition of the present invention.
[0059] The coating composition is prepared by mixing component (a) , (b) , (c) , (d) and optional additives in proper amounts. And the persons skilled in the art could decide the sequence the mixing as well as all conditions.
[0060] The passivation on low-Al and middle-Al ZAM substrates is carried out by a process comprising steps of: i) cleaning the low-Al or middle-Al ZAM surfaces with a degreaser (50℃, 1wt%aqueous solution of S5185 commercially available from Chemetall) at 50℃ for 5 to 10 seconds to remove grease;
[0061] ii) rinsing the low-Al or middle-Al ZAM substrate with deionized water until a continuous water film is formed, and subsequently drying the surfaces with hot air;
[0062] iii) applying the invented coating composition onto the degreased surfaces of low-Al or middle-Al ZAM substrate by a bar applicator; and
[0063] iv) placing the coated substrate in an oven under 280℃ for 5 to 10 seconds to form passivation layer in an amount of 1.0g / m2.
[0064] After passivation, a series of performance tests are carried out on the obtained substrates including darkening resistance, corrosion resistance, solvent resistance, heat resistance and alkaline resistance. And compared with coating composition without amino acids as anti-darkening agent, the invented coating composition enables the low-Al and middle-Al ZAM substrates anti-darkening and at the same time other properties are satisfying.
[0065] EMBODIMENT
[0066] Below embodiments further illustrate how this invention could be carried out.
[0067] Embodiment 1
[0068] A coating composition for passivating low-Al and middle-Al ZAM substrates, comprising
[0069] (a) at least one water-soluble or water-dispersible resin selected from polyurethane resin, epoxy resin and polyacrylate resin;
[0070] (b) at least one silane;
[0071] (c) at least one corrosion inhibitor; and
[0072] (d) at least one anti-darkening agent selected from amino acids.
[0073] Embodiment 2
[0074] The coating composition according to embodiment 1, wherein said anti-darkening agent is at least one selected from hydrophilic amino acids and preferably from a group consisting of aspartic acid, glutamic acid, serine, threonine, cysteine, tyrosine, asparagine, glutamine and phenylalanine.
[0075] Embodiment 3
[0076] The coating composition according to any one of embodiments 1 to 2, wherein the amount of said anti-darkening agent is in a range of from 0.05%to 2%by weight and preferably from 0.1%to 1%by weight based on the total weight of the coating composition.
[0077] Embodiment 4
[0078] The coating composition according to any one of embodiments 1 to 3, wherein it further comprises at least one additive selected from defoaming agent, wetting agent and coalescing agent.
[0079] Embodiment 5
[0080] The coating composition according to any one of embodiments 1 to 4, wherein Component (a) is a combi-nation of polyurethane resin and polyacrylate resin and the ratio by weight of polyurethane resin to polyacrylate resin is in a range of from 0.5 to 1.2, preferably in a range of from 0.6 to 1.0 and more preferably from 0.7 to 1.0.
[0081] Embodiment 6
[0082] The coating composition according to any one of embodiments 1 to 5, wherein said polyacrylate resin has a number average molecular weight (Mn) in a range of from 100,000 Dalton to 500,000 Dalton, determined by gel permeation chromatography (GPC) according to DIN 55672-1. Preferably, the polyacrylate resin has a number average molecular weight in a range of from 100,000 Dalton to 300,000 Dalton, and more preferably in a range of from 100,000 Dalton to 200,000 Dalton.
[0083] Embodiment 7
[0084] The coating composition according to any one of embodiments 1 to 6, wherein said silane is selected from a group consisting of tetraethoxysilane, 3-glycidoxyalkyltrialkoxysilane, 3-methacryloxyalkyltrialkoxysilane, aminoalkylaminoalkylalkyldialkoxysilane, β- (3, 4-epoxycycloalkyl) alkyltrialkoxysilane, (3, 4-epoxycycloalkyl) alkyltrialkoxysilane, bis (trialkoxysilylalkyl) amine, bis- (trialkoxysilyl) ethane, (3, 4-epoxyalkyl) trialkoxysilane, γ-aminoalkyl trialkoxysilane, γ-methacryloxyalkyltrialkoxysilane, γ-ureidoalkyltrialkoxysilane, glycidoxyalkyltrialkoxysilane, N- (3- (trialkoxysilyl) alkyl) alkylenediamine, N-β- (aminoalkyl) -γ-aminoalkyltrialkoxysilane, N- (γ-trialkoxysilylalkyl) dialkylenetriamine, polyaminoalkylalkyldialkoxysilane, tris (3- (trialkoxysilyl) alkyl) isocyanurate, (ureidopropyltrialkoxy) silane and vinyltriacetoxysilane. More preferably, said silane could be selected from a group consisting of 3-aminopropyl triethoxysilane, 3-epoxypropyl trimethoxysilane, tetraethoxysilane and 3-vinyl trimethoxysilane.
[0085] Embodiment 8
[0086] The coating composition according to any one of embodiments 1 to 7, wherein said corrosion inhibitor is at least one selected from a group consisting of phosphorus-containing compounds and acidic corrosion inhibitors, preferably, said corrosion inhibitor is at least one selected from a group consisting of 1-hydroxyethane-1, 1-diphosphonic acid, zinc dihydrogen phosphate, hexafluorotitanic acid and hexafluorozirconic acid.
[0087] Embodiment 9
[0088] The coating composition according to any one of embodiments 1 to 8, wherein it further comprises at least one additive selected from defoaming agent, wetting agent and coalescing agent.
[0089] Embodiment 10
[0090] A low-Al ZAM substrates passivated by the coating composition according to any one of embodiments 1 to 9.
[0091] Embodiment 11
[0092] The low-Al ZAM substrates according to embodiment 10, wherein the weight percentage of Al is in a range of from 0.5%to 5%by weight and preferably from 1%to 3%based on the total weight of the low-Al ZAM substrates.
[0093] Embodiment 12
[0094] The low-Al ZAM substrates according to any one of embodiments 10 to 11, wherein the weight percent-age of Mg is in a range of from 1%to 3%by weight and preferably from 1%to 2%by weight based on the total weight of the low-Al ZAM substrates.
[0095] Embodiment 13
[0096] A middle-Al ZAM substrates passivated by the coating composition according to any one of embodiments 1 to 9.
[0097] Embodiment 14
[0098] The middle-Al ZAM substrates according to embodiment 13, wherein the weight percentage of Al is in a range of from 0.5%to 5%by weight and preferably from 1%to 3%based on the total weight of the mid-dle-Al ZAM substrates.
[0099] Embodiment 15
[0100] The middle-Al ZAM substrates according to any one of embodiments 13 to 14, wherein the weight per-centage of Mg is in a range of from 1%to 3%by weight and preferably from 2%to 3%by weight based on the total weight of the middle-Al ZAM substrates.EXAMPLE
[0101] The present invention will be better understood in view of the following non-limiting examples. The examples do not limit the scope of the invention as described and claimed.
[0102] <Raw Materials>
[0103] Other raw materials are regular ones and no restriction exits for specific types.
[0104] Examples 1 to 4 and Comparative Example C1: Preparation of coating composition for passivation on low-Al ZAM substrates
[0105] A series of coating compositions are prepared for passivation on low-Al ZAM substrates by mixing the components in certain amounts according to formulations in Table 1.
[0106] Table 1:
[0107] Examples 5 to 8 and Comparative Example C2: Preparation of coating composition for passivation on middle-Al ZAM substrates
[0108] A series of coating compositions are prepared for passivation on middle-Al ZAM substrates by mixing the components in certain amounts according to formulations in Table 2.
[0109] Table 2:
[0110] Passivation on low-Al ZAM substrates
[0111] To obtain samples for performance testing, the low-Al ZAM substrates are treated with coating composition obtained from Examples 1 to 4 and Comparative Example C1 for passivation by a process comprising steps of:
[0112] i) cleaning the low-Al ZAM surfaces with a degreaser (50℃, 1wt%aqueous solution of S5185 commercially available from Chemetall) at 50℃ for 5 to 10 seconds to remove grease;
[0113] ii) rinsing the low-Al ZAM substrate with deionized water until a continuous water film is formed, and subsequently drying the surfaces with hot air;
[0114] iii) applying one of coating compositions obtained from Examples 1 to 4 and Comparative Example 5 onto the degreased surfaces of low-Al ZAM substrate by a bar applicator; and
[0115] iv) placing the coated substrate in an oven under 280℃ for 5 to 10 seconds to form passivation layer in an amount of 1.0g / m2.
[0116] Passivation on middle-Al ZAM substrates
[0117] To obtain samples for performance testing, the middle-Al ZAM substrates are treated with coating composition obtained from Examples 5 to 8 and Comparative Example C2 for passivation by a process comprising steps of:
[0118] i) cleaning the middle-Al ZAM surfaces with a degreaser (50℃, 1wt%aqueous solution of S5185 commercially available from Chemetall) at 50℃ for 5 to 10 seconds to remove grease;
[0119] ii) rinsing the middle-Al ZAM substrate with deionized water until a continuous water film is formed, and subsequently drying the surfaces with hot air;
[0120] iii) applying one of coating compositions obtained from Examples 5 to 8 and Comparative Example C2 onto the degreased surfaces of middle-Al ZAM substrate by a bar applicator; and
[0121] iv) placing the coated substrate in an oven under 280℃ for 5 to 10 seconds to form passivation layer in an amount of 1.0g / m2.
[0122] Performance Test
[0123] Low-Al and middle-Al ZAM substrates after passivation of the invented coating composition are tested as follows:
[0124] <DarkeningResistance>
[0125] Darkening resistance is evaluated as follows:
[0126] preparing a piece of a sample of a passivated metal substrate having a size of 50mm*100mm; measuring the parameters L, a and b of the center of the piece by HunterLab UltraScan Spectrophotometer; and placing the piece vertically in a chamber having a constant temperature and humidity at 50℃ and 98%relative humidity for 120 hours, by sticking the back of the piece to the chamber with an adhesive tape, then measuring the parameters L, a and b of the center of the piece by HunterLab UltraScan Spectrophotometer, to determine ΔE value.
[0127] ΔE means a color difference of the passivation layer before and after surface treatment that is calculated according to Formula:
[0128] Results are rated as follows:
[0129] ○ (means meeting the requirement) : ΔE ≤ 3 and White rust area ≤ 5%;
[0130] Δ (means meeting the requirement) : ΔE ≤ 6 and White rust area ≤ 5%;
[0131] × (means not meeting the requirement) : Otherwise
[0132] <Corrosion Resistance>
[0133] Corrosion resistance is evaluated by neural salt spraying test (NSST) method according to GB / T 10125-2012 for 120 hours.
[0134] Results are rated as follows:
[0135] ○ (means meeting the requirement) : White rust area< 5%;
[0136] × (means not meeting the requirement) : Otherwise
[0137] <Solvent Resistance>
[0138] Solvent resistance is evaluated as follows:
[0139] preparing a piece of a sample of a passivated metal substrate having a size of 50mm*100mm;
[0140] measuring the parameters L, a and b of the center of the piece by HunterLab UltraScan Spectrophotometer; and using a φ10mm cotton yarn stick impregnated with ethanol oI 80%concentration, to wipe the piece at an angle of 45° and a pressure of 500g for 30 times, followed by measuring the parameters L, a and b of the center of the piece by HunterLab UltraScan Spectrophotometer, to determine ΔE value.
[0141] Results are rated as follows:
[0142] ○ (means meeting the requirement) : ΔE ≤ 3
[0143] × (means not meeting the requirement) : Otherwise
[0144] <Heat Resistance>
[0145] Heat resistance is evaluated as follows:
[0146] preparing a piece of a sample of a passivated metal substrate having a size of 50mm*100mm; measuring the parameters L, a and b of the center of the piece by HunterLab UltraScan Spectrophotometer;
[0147] putting the piece into an oven of 240℃ for 20 min; and then
[0148] taking the piece out and cooling it to the room temperature (5-40℃) , followed by measuring the parameters L, a and b of the center of the piece by HunterLab UltraScan Spectrophotometer, to determine ΔE value.
[0149] Results are rated as follows:
[0150] ○ (means meeting the requirement) : ΔE ≤ 3
[0151] × (means not meeting the requirement) : Otherwise
[0152] <Alkali Resistance>
[0153] Alkali resistance is evaluated as follows:
[0154] preparing a piece of a sample of a passivated metal substrate having a size of 75mm*150mm; measuring the thickness of the passivation layer, by an infrared film-thickness tester; and heating a degreasing agent (an aqueous solution containing 2wt% S 5185 commercially available from Chemetall, Shanghai, China) to a temperature of 50℃, spraying for 2min, then taking out the piece, washing and drying, followed by taking neural salt spraying test (NSST) method according to GB / T 10125-2012 for 72 hours.
[0155] Results are rated as follows:
[0156] ○ (means meeting the requirement) : White rust area< 5%
[0157] × (means not meeting the requirement) : Otherwise
[0158] Test results based on low-Al and middle-Al ZAM substrates are summarized in Table 3 and 4 respec-tively:
[0159] Table 3:
[0160] Table 4:
[0161] As shown in Table 3 and 4, by adding amino acids such as phenylalanine, glutamine, threonine and tyro-sine in proper amounts, the obtained coating composition enables low-Al and middle-Al ZAM substrates better darkening resistance and meanwhile maintaining other performance e.g. corrosion resistance, sol-vent resistance, heat resistance and alkaline resistance.
Claims
1.A coating composition for passivating low-Al and middle-Al ZAM substrates, comprising(a) at least one water-soluble or water-dispersible resin selected from polyurethane resin, epoxy resin and polyacrylate resin;(b) at least one silane;(c) at least one corrosion inhibitor; and(d) at least one anti-darkening agent selected from amino acids.2.The coating composition according to claim 1, wherein said anti-darkening agent is at least one se-lected from hydrophilic amino acids and preferably from a group consisting of aspartic acid, glutamic acid, serine, threonine, cysteine, tyrosine, asparagine, glutamine and phenylalanine.3.The coating composition according to any one of claims 1 to 2, wherein the amount of said anti-dark-ening agent is in a range of from 0.05%to 2%by weight and preferably from 0.1%to 1%by weight based on the total weight of the coating composition.4.The coating composition according to any one of claims 1 to 3, wherein it further comprises at least one additive selected from defoaming agent, wetting agent and coalescing agent.5.The coating composition according to any one of claims 1 to 4, wherein Component (a) is a combina-tion of polyurethane resin and polyacrylate resin and the ratio by weight of polyurethane resin to polyacrylate resin is in a range of from 0.5 to 1.2, preferably in a range of from 0.6 to 1.0 and more preferably from 0.7 to 1.0.6.The coating composition according to any one of claims 1 to 5, wherein said polyacrylate resin has a number average molecular weight (Mn) in a range of from 100,000 Dalton to 500,000 Dalton, determined by gel permeation chromatography (GPC) according to DIN 55672-1. Preferably, the polyacrylate resin has a number average molecular weight in a range of from 100,000 Dalton to 300,000 Dalton, and more preferably in a range of from 100,000 Dalton to 200,000 Dalton.7.The coating composition according to any one of claims 1 to 6, wherein said silane is selected from a group consisting of tetraethoxysilane, 3-glycidoxyalkyltrialkoxysilane, 3-methacryloxyalkyltrialkoxysilane, aminoalkylaminoalkylalkyldialkoxysilane, β- (3, 4-epoxycycloalkyl) alkyltrialkoxysilane, (3, 4-epoxycycloalkyl) alkyltrialkoxysilane, bis (trialkoxysilylalkyl) amine, bis- (trialkoxysilyl) ethane, (3, 4-epoxyalkyl) trialkoxysilane, γ-aminoalkyl trialkoxysilane, γ-methacryloxyalkyltrialkoxysilane, γ-ureidoalkyltrialkoxysilane, glycidoxyalkyltrialkoxysilane, N- (3- (trialkoxysilyl) alkyl) alkylenediamine, N-β- (aminoalkyl) -γ-aminoalkyltrialkoxysilane, N- (γ-trialkoxysilylalkyl) dialkylenetriamine, polyaminoalkylalkyldialkoxysilane, tris (3- (trialkoxysilyl) alkyl) isocyanurate, (ureidopropyltrialkoxy) silane and vinyltriacetoxysilane. More preferably, said silane could be selected from a group consisting of 3-aminopropyl triethoxysilane, 3-epoxypropyl trimethoxysilane, tetraethoxysilane and 3-vinyl trimethoxysilane.8.The coating composition according to any one of claims 1 to 7, wherein said corrosion inhibitor is at least one selected from a group consisting of phosphorus-containing compounds and acidic corrosion inhibitors, preferably, said corrosion inhibitor is at least one selected from a group consisting of 1-hydroxyethane-1, 1-diphosphonic acid, zinc dihydrogen phosphate, hexafluorotitanic acid and hexafluorozirconic acid.9.The coating composition according to any one of claims 1 to 8, wherein it further comprises at least one additive selected from defoaming agent, wetting agent and coalescing agent.10.The coating composition according to any one of claims 1 to 9, wherein the coating composition is acidic.11.A low-Al ZAM substrates passivated by the coating composition according to any one of claims 1 to 10.12.The low-Al ZAM substrates according to claim 11, wherein the weight percentage of Al is in a range of from 0.5%to 5%by weight and preferably from 1%to 3%based on the total weight of the low-Al ZAM substrates.13.The low-Al ZAM substrates according to any one of claims 11 to 12, wherein the weight percentage of Mg is in a range of from 1%to 3%by weight and preferably from 1%to 2%by weight based on the total weight of the low-Al ZAM substrates.14.A middle-Al ZAM substrates passivated by the coating composition according to any one of claims 1 to 10.15.The middle-Al ZAM substrates according to claim 14, wherein the weight percentage of Al is in a range of from 0.5%to 5%by weight and preferably from 1%to 3%based on the total weight of the middle-Al ZAM substrates.16.The middle-Al ZAM substrates according to any one of claims 14 to 15, wherein the weight percent-age of Mg is in a range of from 1%to 3%by weight and preferably from 2%to 3%by weight based on the total weight of the middle-Al ZAM substrates.