Hollow-chamber plate and use of the hollow-chamber plate as a ground protection plate

Abstract

A hollow-chamber plate (1) has a plurality of unidirectionally oriented hollow chambers (2) delimited by hollow-chamber walls (3). The hollow-chamber plate (1) is prestressed by means of at least one tensile element (6), which is guided through openings (5) in the hollow-chamber walls (3) perpendicularly to the longitudinal extent of the hollow chambers (2).

Description

[0001] Hollow chamber slab and use of hollow chamber slab as floor protection slab

[0002] Description

[0003] The invention relates to a hollow chamber panel with several unidirectionally aligned hollow chambers delimited by hollow chamber walls and a use of the hollow chamber panel as a floor protection panel.

[0004] Soil protection slabs within the meaning of the invention serve, for example, on construction sites to protect the subsoil from damage and / or compaction caused by relatively heavy equipment, construction vehicles, and construction site activities. Furthermore, soil protection slabs are preferably used on mobile cranes or crane trucks to ensure secure footing on a subsoil that can yield under the high, relatively small-area loads of crane feet or crane booms. Furthermore, soil protection slabs can also be used to build temporary bridges.

[0005] Ground protection mats used in practice are often made of wood, steel, aluminum, or plastic. A wooden ground protection mat is often referred to as an excavator mat and is often made of hardwood or tropical wood, which is relatively moisture-resistant but, as a natural product, exhibits fluctuations in quality and, in particular, mechanical properties. The excavator mats are usually laid loosely next to one another to create a mobile construction road or a mobile work platform. Steel plates used to construct a mobile construction road are also called "road plates" and, due to their large dimensions and high weight, can only be transported by special vehicles and are usually laid loosely without special connection technology. The generally lacking surface profiling of the smooth steel plates makes the use of rubber-tired vehicles virtually impossible, especially in wet conditions and on difficult terrain.Aluminum panels often have a monodirectional profile, which is why the hollow-chamber aluminum panel offers anti-slip properties and traction. This represents an advantage over wooden excavator mats and steel construction roadways.

[0006] The invention is based on the object of creating a hollow chamber panel of the type mentioned above which can withstand high loads while having a relatively low weight.

[0007] According to the invention, the object is achieved in that the hollow chamber plate is prestressed by means of at least one tension element which is guided through openings in hollow chamber walls perpendicular to the longitudinal extent of the hollow chambers.

[0008] The hollow-core panel, which can also be referred to as a hollow-core panel device, hollow-core panel apparatus, hollow-core mat, or the like, can be made of aluminum, plastic, or steel, for example. The steel is subjected to a surface treatment, in particular galvanizing, so that it is essentially rust-free. Due to the design of the hollow-core panel using hollow profiles, a relatively low weight is achieved, which is considerable when transporting and handling a large number of hollow-core panels, in contrast to state-of-the-art soil protection panels, for example for the construction of a construction road. The prestressing by means of at least one tension element ensures that the hollow chambers or profiles are relatively stable against deformation. The tension elements can be arranged in a common plane or in different planes, or even multiple tension elements can be arranged in several planes.The openings in the hollow chamber walls can be incorporated, for example, by drilling or punching, with the end openings being dimensioned so large that, in particular, a fixed anchor and a tension anchor of the tension element and, if necessary, a tool for actuating the tension anchor can be passed through, so that the fixed anchors and the tension anchors of the installed tension elements are located within the respective edge-side hollow chamber and the hollow chamber panel has no disturbing elements on the edge.

[0009] To prevent undesirable deformation under tensile stress, spacers are inserted between two adjacent hollow chamber walls. The spacers are preferably tubular, with the tension element extending through them. The size of the end faces of the sleeve- or tubular spacers also determines the load-bearing capacity of the soil protection slab, both in the transverse and vertical directions.

[0010] The spacer elements are expediently tubular or comprise at least one thrust plate, and the tension element extends through the spacer elements. In the tubular spacer element, at least in the prestressed state of the tension element, the two end faces rest on associated hollow chamber walls. If the spacer element is designed as a thrust plate, or comprises one, then the thrust plate is generally at least partially adapted at its outer circumference to the cross-section of the hollow chamber and secured therein. If the thrust plate is sufficiently thick, the tension element extends through the bore running through the thickness of the thrust plate, or two thrust plates are coupled by a connecting plate having the opening. Of course, it is also possible to arrange just one thrust plate with a connecting plate having the opening in the hollow chamber in order to counteract deformation of the hollow chamber under load.

[0011] In one embodiment, the hollow chambers are formed by a center plate deformed multiple times into a U-shape, to which a cover plate is assigned on at least one side. The parallel legs of the U-shape form the hollow chamber walls through which the tension elements are guided. The openings for the tension elements can be made relatively easily in the center plate. The spacer elements can also be installed relatively easily without the cover plate. A cover plate is expediently assigned to both sides of the center plate. The cover plates can be coated on the outside, for example, with corundum, to increase friction and provide appropriate grip both on the road side and on the ground.

[0012] Preferably, the center plate is bolted to the cover plate. The two cover plates can be easily bolted to the support areas on the webs of the center plate that connect the U-shaped legs. Alternatively, riveted connections are also possible at this point. This eliminates the need for welds and allows for reliable calculation of the load-bearing capacity of the structure.

[0013] In an alternative design, the hollow chambers are formed by tubes with a rectangular cross-section or by T-profiles. The spacer elements can be inserted into the tubes. The T-profiles or double-T profiles can be connected to each other, for example, by welding, at their flange plates, which are connected in a T-shape either with a web plate, to form a hollow chamber profile, with the flange plates and web plates forming the hollow chamber walls.

[0014] To increase the load-bearing capacity, at least one cover plate is advantageously assigned to the tubes. The tubes are expediently screwed to the cover plate. According to a further development, the tension element is designed as a tension rod or a tension cable with tensioning elements at each end.

[0015] To further increase the rigidity of the base plate, several tension elements are arranged in one plane and / or in parallel planes.

[0016] The hollow-core slab is essentially an orthotropic slab, consisting of at least one hollow profile or correspondingly bent sheet metal, which are connected by tension elements arranged horizontally and transversely to the longitudinal or main load axis, which can also be referred to as tendons. Sleeve-shaped spacers in the profiles along the respective axes of the tension elements or tendons prevent deformation of the profiles or sheets during tensioning and simultaneously significantly increase strength in both the transverse and longitudinal directions. The spacers inhibit the bulging of the vertically aligned profile or sheet metal sections, and at the same time, the tensioned spacers act directly as an internal cross member, so that when only a single section of the profile or sheet metal section is loaded, a load-bearing effect is also achieved in the adjacent profiles or sheet metal sections.

[0017] Several floor protection panels can be connected to one another over a large area using appropriate openings or structural arrangements.

[0018] The tendons can be designed, for example, as threaded rods, prestressing strands or the like.

[0019] One or more interconnected hollow core sheet devices can be used as soil protection slabs, which are used not only for the design of construction roads but also for the construction of temporary bridges or as support plates for cranes or mobile cranes. Furthermore, hollow core sheet devices can also be used for the construction of building walls or ceilings, as their static properties in particular can be reliably determined. In civil engineering, hollow core sheet devices can be used to create a so-called shoring box, in which struts with threaded spindles are arranged between opposing hollow core sheet devices.

[0020] It is understood that the features mentioned above and those to be explained below can be used not only in the respective combinations specified, but also in other combinations. The scope of the invention is defined solely by the claims.

[0021] The invention is explained in more detail below using an exemplary embodiment with reference to the accompanying drawing.

[0022] It shows:

[0023] Fig. 1 is a perspective view of a hollow chamber panel according to the invention in a first embodiment,

[0024] Fig. 2 is a perspective view of the hollow chamber panel according to Fig. 1 with inserted spacer elements,

[0025] Fig. 3 shows a representation of the hollow chamber plate according to Fig. 2 without spacer elements,

[0026] Fig. 4 is a front view of the representation according to Fig. 2 in an alternative embodiment,

[0027] Fig. 5 is a perspective view of the hollow chamber panel according to Fig.

[0028] 4, Fig. 6 a perspective view of the hollow chamber plate in a second embodiment,

[0029] Fig. 7 is a front view of the illustration according to Fig. 6,

[0030] Fig. 8 is an enlarged sectional view of detail VIII according to Fig. 7.

[0031] Fig. 9 is a front view of the hollow chamber plate according to Fig. 1 in a third embodiment

[0032] Fig. 10 is an enlarged sectional view of detail X according to Fig. 9,

[0033] Fig. 11 is a perspective view of the hollow chamber plate in a third embodiment,

[0034] Fig. 12 is a front view of the illustration according to Fig. 11,

[0035] Fig. 13 is a perspective partial view of the hollow chamber plate according to Fig. 11,

[0036] Fig. 14 is a representation of a tension element of the hollow chamber plate according to Fig. 11,

[0037] Fig. 15 is a perspective view of the hollow chamber plate in a fourth embodiment,

[0038] Fig. 16 is a further perspective view of the hollow chamber plate according to Fig. 15 and

[0039] Fig. 17 is a representation of a detail XVII according to Fig. 16.

[0040] The hollow-core panel 1 comprises several unidirectionally aligned hollow chambers 2, which are delimited by hollow-core walls 3. The hollow-core panel 1 is generally made of steel, aluminum, or plastic and has a surface area that is larger than its thickness. Although a hollow-core panel 1 will usually be rectangular or square, other geometries such as trapezoids, triangles, or the like are not excluded but are encompassed by the invention.

[0041] 1 to 5, to form the hollow chambers 2, tubes 4 with a quadrangular cross-section are aligned side by side, the tube walls of which form the hollow chamber walls 3. Of course, both square and rectangular cross-sections are possible for the tubes 4. Openings 5, for example bores or punched outs, are recessed into the hollow chamber walls 3. These openings can be aligned in one plane or arranged in several planes, even offset from one another. Tension elements 6 are inserted into the openings 5, the longitudinal extent of which is aligned at right angles to the longitudinal axis of the hollow chambers 2. The tension elements 6 can be designed in particular as tension rods 16 with end threads 15 for screwing on nuts 7 to generate tensile stress, or as tension cables 17, in particular wire cables, as shown in Figs. 9 and 10.Spacer elements 8 are arranged in the hollow chambers 2, which can, for example, be tubular with a relatively large end face, wherein the tension elements 6 extend through the spacer elements 8, the length of which is dimensioned such that they are supported on the end faces of the hollow chamber walls 3. The openings 5 ​​in the respective outer hollow chamber walls 3 are dimensioned such that a tool, for example a socket wrench, can be passed through to tighten the nuts 7 located in the respective outer hollow chambers 2 in order to apply tensile stress to the tension element 6. Since the nuts 7 are located inside the outer hollow chambers 2, they do not cause interference and cannot be damaged.

[0042] If the tension elements 6 and the spacer elements 8 are arranged centrally in the height of the hollow chambers 2, the floor protection mat 1 can be loaded equally on both sides in the vertical direction. If the tension elements 6 and the spacer elements 8 are arranged off-center, a defined top and bottom side are created, which can withstand different loads. Further load distributions can be accommodated, depending on requirements, by arranging the tension elements 6 and the spacer elements 8 alternately or in several parallel planes. Furthermore, at least one cover plate 9 can be placed on the pipes 4 and, in particular, screwed to a pipe wall 10 on the top or bottom, whereby the cover plate 9 can also have a friction-increasing coating or profiling. Of course, at least one cover plate 9 can also be arranged on the top and bottom.

[0043] 6 to 8, a central plate 11 which is bent into a U-shape several times is provided to form the hollow chambers 2. The central plate 11 has a plurality of U-legs 12 which form the hollow chamber walls 3, the U-legs 12 being connected alternately on the top and bottom by U-webs 13, so that overall a type of corrugated profile is formed. At its ends, the central plate 11 has extensions 13 for attaching correspondingly angled cover plates 9, which may have a friction-increasing coating or profiling. The openings 5 ​​for the passage of the tension elements 6 are let into the U-legs 12, each of which is rod-shaped and has threads 15 at the end, onto which nuts 7 are screwed in order to generate a tensile force.The tubular spacer elements 8, for example, with a relatively large frontal area are mounted between the U-legs 12, and the tension elements 6 extend through the spacer elements 8, the length of which is dimensioned such that they are supported at the front on the hollow chamber walls 3, i.e., the associated U-legs 12. Of course, in this embodiment, the tension elements 6 with the attached spacer elements 8 can also be arranged in one or more planes and / or alternately aligned. The load-bearing fastening of the cover plates 9 is achieved by screwing them to the U-webs 13 of the center plate. According to Fig.9 and 10, the tension elements 6 are designed as tension cables 17, whereby it will of course be apparent to a person skilled in the art to replace the previously described tension rods 16 with end threads 15 for screwing on nuts 7 to generate tensile stress with tension cables 17 designed, for example, as wire cables, to which tensile stress is imposed by means of tensioning devices. At each end, the tension cable 17 is equipped with an anchor head 18 which has a bore through which the tension cable 17 is guided. To secure the anchor head 18, at least one tension wedge 19 is inserted into the bore, which can be ring-shaped, for example, or three tension wedges 19, which are arranged offset by approximately 120° to one another, are driven into the bore to clamp the tension cable 17. It will be apparent to a person skilled in the art that a firmly pressed-on anchor head 18 can be provided at one end of the tension cable 17.

[0044] 11 to 14, to form the hollow chambers 2, the tubes 4 with a rectangular cross-section are aligned next to one another by means of the tube walls to form the hollow chamber walls 3. Openings 5 ​​in the form of bores or punched out sections are recessed into the hollow chamber walls 3. The openings 5 ​​have different clear diameters, with the smaller openings 5.1 serving to center the tension elements 6, which are designed, for example, as tension rods 16 or tension cables 17, and the larger openings 5.2 serving to pass through or center the spacer elements 8. In the present exemplary embodiment, as can be seen in particular in FIGS. 12 and 14, two spacer elements 8 are arranged on a tension element 6 in order to brace a total of six tubes 4 together.In this case, the pipes 4 can be provided with openings 5 ​​aligned in such a way that the end faces 20 of the spacer elements 8 rest on the associated pipe walls over as full or as large a surface as possible.

[0045] The tension elements 6 extending through the spacer elements 8 are aligned in their longitudinal extension at right angles to the longitudinal axis of the hollow chambers 2 and are provided with end threads 15 for screwing on nuts 7 with associated washers 26 to generate a tensile stress.

[0046] As already explained, if the tension elements 6 and the spacer elements 8 are arranged centrally at the height of the hollow chambers 2, the floor protection mat 1 can be loaded equally in the vertical direction on both sides. If the tension elements 6 and the spacer elements 8 are arranged off-center, a defined top and bottom side are created, which can withstand different loads. Further load distributions can be accommodated, depending on requirements, by arranging the tension elements 6 and the spacer elements 8 alternately or in several parallel planes. At least one cover plate 9 can also be placed on the pipes 4 and, in particular, screwed to a pipe wall 10 on the top or bottom, whereby the cover plate 9 can also have a friction-increasing coating or profiling. Of course, at least one cover plate 9 can also be arranged on the top and bottom.

[0047] Of course, the spacer elements 8 can have either a round or any desired cross-section. The front surface and its dimensions are primarily important to prevent undue deformation of the hollow chambers 3. The spacer elements 8 increase the load-bearing capacity of the soil protection slab 1 in both the transverse and vertical directions.

[0048] In a third alternative, according to Figs. 15 to 17, double-T profiles 21 are coupled together to form the hollow chambers 2 of the floor protection mat 1, although it will be obvious to a person skilled in the art that T or U profiles can also be used. A double-T profile 21 has two flange plates 23 connected to one another by a web plate 22, with flange plates 23 and web plates 22 of adjacent double-T profiles 21 forming a hollow chamber 2. The spacer element 8 can be composed of two shear plates 25 coupled via a connecting plate 24, with the connecting plate 24 having an opening 5 for the tension element 6, which can be designed as a tension rod 16 or tension cable 17. In a simple case, the shear plates 25 can simply be inserted and are fixed by clamping via the tension element 6 and the frictional connection.Alternatively, the two thrust plates 25 are firmly connected to at least one of the adjacent double-T profiles 21, for example by welding.

[0049] It is obvious to the person skilled in the art that the spacer element 8 used here can also consist of a thrust plate 25 with the connecting plate 24 fixed thereto with the opening 5 for the tension element 6 or can be designed as a thrust plate 25 with a thickness through which the opening 5 for the tension element 6 can extend.

[0050] All individual components can be treated with steel, for example, galvanized, to prevent corrosion. Furthermore, the components can be manufactured from high-strength steel. Since there are no welded joints, the manufacturing process is relatively simple, and no thermal damage or changes to the steel structure occur.

[0051] Several hollow-core slabs 1 can be connected to one another and used as ground protection slabs, such as for construction roads or bridges. The hollow-core slabs 1 can also be spaced apart by supports or struts and used as side walls of a shoring box in civil engineering. They can also be used under cranes or crane supports or crane bases for large-area load distribution to prevent the crane from tipping over. Furthermore, the hollow-core slab devices 1 can be used in ceilings or walls of buildings or warehouses without departing from the scope of the invention.

[0052] The hollow-core plate 1 ideally exhibits orthogonal-anisotropic behavior and reflects the properties of an orthotropic plate. Reference symbol ung

Claims

Patent claims 1. Hollow chamber plate (1) with a plurality of unidirectionally aligned hollow chambers (2) delimited by hollow chamber walls (3), characterized in that the hollow chamber plate (1) is prestressed by means of at least one tension element (6) which is guided through openings (5) in the hollow chamber walls (3) perpendicular to the longitudinal extent of the hollow chambers (2).

2. Hollow chamber panel (1) according to claim 1, characterized in that spacer elements (8) are inserted between two adjacent hollow chamber walls (3).

3. Hollow chamber panel (1) according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that the spacer elements (8) are tubular or comprise at least one thrust plate (25) and the tension element (6) extends through the spacer elements (8).

4. Hollow chamber panel (1) according to one of claims 1 to 3, characterized in that the hollow chambers (2) are formed by a multiply U-shaped central sheet (11), to which a cover sheet (9) is assigned at least on one side.

5. Hollow chamber panel (1) according to one of claims 1 to 4, characterized in that a cover plate (9) is assigned to both sides of the central plate (11).

6. Hollow chamber panel (1) according to one of claims 1 to 5, characterized in that the middle plate (11) is screwed to the cover plate (9).

7. Hollow chamber panel (1) according to one of claims 1 to 3, characterized in that the hollow chambers (2) are formed by tubes (1) with a square cross-section or by T-profiles.

8. Hollow chamber plate (1) according to one of claims 1 to 7, characterized in that at least one cover plate (9) is assigned to the tubes (4).

9. Hollow chamber panel (1) according to one of claims 1 to 8, characterized in that the tubes (4) are screwed to the cover plate (9).

10. Hollow chamber panel (1) according to one of claims 1 to 9, characterized in that the tension element (6) is designed as a tension rod (16) or a tension cable (17) with tensioning elements at each end.

11. Hollow chamber plate (1) according to one of claims 1 to 10, characterized in that the tension rod (16) is provided with a thread (15) at least on one side and the clamping element is designed as a molded head and / or a nut (7) cooperating with the thread (15).

12. Hollow chamber plate (1) according to one of claims 1 to 10, characterized in that the tension cable (17) carries an anchor head (18) at each end, which is fixed to the tension cable (17) by means of at least one tensioning wedge (19).

13. Hollow chamber panel (1) according to one of claims 1 to 12, characterized in that several tension elements (6) are arranged in one plane and / or in parallel planes.

14. Arrangement of several hollow chamber panels (1) according to one of claims 1 to 13, characterized in that at least adjacent hollow chamber panel devices (1) can be coupled to one another by means of tension elements (6).

15. Use of at least one hollow chamber plate (1) according to claim 1 as a soil protection plate for the construction of a construction road or bridge and / or as an excavator mattress and / or as a crane support plate and / or as a side wall of a shoring box in civil engineering and / or as a wall element of a building and / or as a ceiling element of a building. REPLACEMENT SHEET (RULE 26)

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