Apparatuses, devices, and methods for network management
Patent Information
- Authority / Receiving Office
- EP · EP
- Patent Type
- Applications
- Current Assignee / Owner
- HUAWEI TECH CO LTD
- Filing Date
- 2023-11-13
- Publication Date
- 2026-07-01
AI Technical Summary
There is a lack of standard features for power saving or power management on the network side in wireless communication systems, which hinders efficient energy consumption and operational costs for network operators.
A method for network management that involves receiving configuration information by a first network device from a second network device to determine whether to transmit a report indicating a power consumption event, based on predefined thresholds and conditions.
This approach enables standardized power saving and network management, making it easier to manage, maintain, and scale up compared to network-specific methods, thereby reducing energy consumption and operational costs.
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Figure CN2023131155_22052025_PF_FP_ABST
Abstract
Description
APPARATUSES, DEVICES, AND METHODS FOR NETWORK MANAGEMENTTECHNICAL FIELD
[0001] The present disclosure relates generally to wireless communications, and in particular to apparatuses, devices and methods for network management.BACKGROUND
[0002] In wireless communication systems such as Fourth generation (4G) long-term evolution (LTE) and Fifth Generation (5G) New Radio (NR) , features for power saving or power management have been implemented at user devices (e.g., user equipment (UE) ) . For example, a discontinuous reception (DRX) and a discontinuous transmission (DTX) are used for power saving or power management of user devices, for example, to extend the battery life of the user devices.
[0003] However, there are no standard features that are equivalent to DRX or DTX mode for devices on the network side (e.g., transmission and receive point (TRP) ) . Accordingly, power saving or power management were not typically implemented at devices on the network side. Indeed, power saving or power management for devices on the network side was not the most importantly considered factor in the wireless communication systems.
[0004] However, power saving or power management for the network side is gaining traction, for example due to growing demand to achieve carbon neutrality in many countries, particularly those facing rising energy costs. Given that a number of countries have pledged carbon neutrality, many network operators now need to implement power saving or power management for the network side. According to a recent report from the global system for mobile communications association (GSMA) , radio access network (RAN) energy consumption accounts for approximately 23%of a network operator’s operational expenditure (OPEX) .
[0005] Therefore, there is a need for new apparatuses and methods for network management in the various communication networks (e.g., Sixth Generation (6G) ) , especially in relation to power saving and / or power management for devices on the network side.SUMMARY
[0006] In wireless communication systems (e.g., Fourth generation (4G) long-term evolution (LTE) and Fifth Generation (5G) New Radio (NR) ) , a discontinuous reception (DRX) and a discontinuous transmission (DTX) are used for power saving or power management of user devices, e.g., user equipment (UE) . However, there are no standards for power saving or power management at devices on the network side. Existing power saving and management methods for the network side are intended to be used only by specific network (s) . Unfortunately, such network specific power saving and management is difficult to manage, maintain, or scale up, and therefore may not be desired. Instead, a method of power saving and / or network management that can be standardized may be needed. The standardized method of power saving and / or network management may be easier to manage, maintain, or scale up, compared to the network specific power saving and management.
[0007] Aspects of the present disclosure provide methods, apparatus, systems and devices to overcome the shortcomings described above, as well as specific methods for network management in various network systems.
[0008] According to some aspects of the disclosure, there is provided a method for network management, including: receiving, by a first network device from a second network device, configuration information for configuring the first network device to transmit a report indicating that a power consumption event has occurred. Accordingly, the first network device determines to transmit the report based on the configuration information.
[0009] In some implementations, the second network device is a device which may provide a serving cell for the first network device. Please note that the second network device may be replaced with the serving cell in this disclosure. For example, “receiving, by a first network device from a second network device” above may also be expressed as “receiving, by a first network device from a serving cell” and understood in a same or similar way.
[0010] In some implementations, the configuration information is for the first network device to determine whether to transmit the report. For example, the configuration may include threshold information that if a particular measurement of a power consumption related parameter is greater than or equal to or less than or equal to a threshold value, then a power consumption event is indicated to have occurred and the first network device may transmit feedback, or a report, that indicates that the power consumption event has occurred.
[0011] In some implementations, the method further includes determining that the power consumption event has occurred based on the configuration information. For example, the first network device determines whether one or more conditions for the power consumption event are satisfied, i.e., one or more conditions indicate that the power consumption event has occurred.
[0012] In some implementations, when the power consumption event has occurred, transmitting the report. For example, the first network device may transmit the report, when one or more conditions indicating the power consumption event has occurred are satisfied.
[0013] In some implementations, the configuration information includes at least one of: information used to identify a type of power consumption event to be monitored by the first network device; information indicative of a threshold pertaining to the type of power consumption event, the threshold to be compared with monitored data for determining whether the power consumption event has occurred; information indicative of an offset amount by which a measured power consumption is above the threshold in order to be considered a power consumption event; information indicative of a time duration for which the power consumption event occurs in order to trigger transmission of the report; information indicative of whether the first network device is allocated to transmit the report when the power consumption event has occurred; information indicative of type of measurement quantity of power consumption to be reported; information indicative of whether a group of network devices, of which the first network device is included, is allocated to transmit the report when the power consumption event has occurred; or information indicative of a reporting device within the group of network devices that is allocated to transmit the report when the power consumption event has occurred.
[0014] In some implementations, the type of power consumption event to be monitored is related to at least one of: power consumption above a threshold; power consumption amount offset above a threshold; power consumption within a group of network devices, of which the first network device is included, above a threshold; or power consumption within a group of network devices, of which the first network device is included, amount offset above a threshold.
[0015] In some implementations, the report includes at least one of: information identifying the first network device; information identifying a group of network devices of which the first network device is included; information indicative of a type of power consumption event measured by the first network device; information indicative of an amount of power consumption measured by the first network device; or information indicative of a carrier frequency of traffic being monitored with regard to power consumption events by the first network device.
[0016] In some implementations, at least one of: the first network device serves a first coverage area; or the second network device corresponds to a second coverage area.
[0017] In some implementations, at least one of: the first coverage area is smaller than the second coverage area; at least a portion of the first coverage area is within the second coverage area; or the first coverage area is overlapping with the second coverage area.
[0018] According to some aspects of the disclosure, there is provided a method including: receiving, by a first network device from a second network device, configuration information including a power consumption command, the power consumption command indicating a power the first network device should transmit at, a duration the power is being switched on or off, and functions the first network device should turn on or off.
[0019] In some implementations, the second network device is a device which may provide a serving cell for the first network device. Please note that the second network device may be replaced with the serving cell in this disclosure. For example, “receiving, by a first network device from a second network device” above may also be expressed as “receiving, by a first network device from a serving cell” and understood in a same or similar way.
[0020] In some implementations, the configuration information including the power consumption command is received within a binary sequence of reference signals transmitted by the second network device.
[0021] In some implementations, the binary sequence of reference signals includes: one or more bits indicating the power the first network device should transmit at; one or more bits indicating a duration the power is being switched on or off; and one or more bits indicating one or more functions the first network device should turn on or off.
[0022] In some implementations, the binary sequence of reference signals includes: one or more bits indicating a power on function, a same number of bits not included in a power off function; or one or more bits indicating a power off function, a same number of bits not included in a power on function.
[0023] In some implementations, the configuration information including the power consumption command is received within radio resource control (RRC) protocol signaling from the second network device.
[0024] In some implementations, the configuration information including the power consumption command is received within downlink control information (DCI) from the second network device.
[0025] In some implementations, the method further includes monitoring, by the first network device, a control channel carrying control information from the second network device, the control information carrying the configuration information.
[0026] In some implementations, the control information includes a cyclic redundancy check (CRC) scrambled with a radio network temporary identifier (RNTI) .
[0027] In some implementations, the control channel is a control channel dedicated to the first network device.
[0028] In some implementations, wherein the first network device serves a first coverage area; and / or the second network device serves a second coverage area.
[0029] In some implementations, at least one of: the first coverage area is smaller than the second coverage area; at least a portion of the first coverage area is within the second coverage area; or the first coverage area is overlapping with the second coverage area.
[0030] In some implementations, the first network device may be a first terrestrial transmission and receive point (T-TRP) .
[0031] In some implementations, the second network device may be a non-terrestrial transmission and receive point (NT-TRP) .
[0032] In some implementations, the first network device transmits the report to the second network device or another NT-TRP that is different from the NT-TRP acting as the second network device.
[0033] In some implementations, when the first network device is a first T-TRP, and the second network device is a first NT-TRP, the first NT-TRP may provide services and coverage to the first T-TRP or be a serving cell which provides services and coverage to the first T-TRP.
[0034] In some implementations, the second network device is a first NT-TRP, wherein the first network device transmits the report to the second network device or a second NT-TRP that is different from the first NT-TRP.
[0035] In some implementations, the second network device and the other NT-TRP are: located in a same orbit; or located in different orbits that each provide coverage to the first network device.
[0036] According to some aspects of the disclosure, there is provided a method for network management, including: transmitting, by a first network device to a second network device, , configuration information for configuring the second network device transmit a report indicating that a power consumption event has occurred in a network served by the second network device. Accordingly, the second network may determine whether to transmit the report based on the configuration information transmitted by the first network device.
[0037] In some implementations, the first network device is a device which may provide a serving cell for the second network device. Please note that the first network device may be replaced with the serving cell in this disclosure. For example, “transmitting, by a first network device to a second network device” above may also be expressed as “transmitting, by a serving cell to a second network device” and understood in a same or similar way.
[0038] In some implementations, the configuration information is for the second network device to determine whether to transmit the report. For example, the configuration may include threshold information that if a particular measurement of a power consumption related parameter is greater than or equal to or less than or equal to a threshold value, then a power consumption event is indicated to have occurred and the second network device may transmit feedback, or a report, that indicates that the power consumption event has occurred.
[0039] In some implementations, the method further includes: receiving the report, when the second network device has determined that one or more conditions indicating the power consumption event has occurred are satisfied based on the configuration information. For example, the second network device may transmit the report, when one or more conditions indicating the power consumption event has occurred are satisfied.
[0040] In some implementations, the configuration information includes at least one of: information used to identify a type of power consumption event to be monitored by the second network device; information indicative of a threshold pertaining to the type of power consumption event, the threshold to be compared with monitored data for determining whether the power consumption event has occurred; information indicative of an offset amount by which a measured power consumption is above the threshold in order to be considered a power consumption event; information indicative of a time duration for which the power consumption event occurs in order to trigger transmission of the report; information indicative of whether the second network device is allocated to transmit the report when the power consumption event has occurred; information indicative of type of measurement quantity of power consumption to be reported; information indicative of whether a group of network devices in the network to which the second network device is included is allocated to transmit the report when the power consumption event has occurred; or information indicative of a reporting device within the group of network devices that is allocated to transmit the report when the power consumption event has occurred.
[0041] In some implementations, the type of power consumption event to be monitored is related to at least one of: power consumption above a threshold; power consumption amount offset above a threshold; power consumption within a group of network devices, of which the first network device is included, above a threshold; or power consumption within a group of network devices, of which the first network device is included, amount offset above a threshold.
[0042] In some implementations, the report includes at least one of: information identifying the second network device; information identifying a group of network devices in the network to which the second network device is included; information indicative of a type of power consumption event measured by the second network device; information indicative of an amount of power consumption measured by the second network device; or information indicative of a carrier frequency of traffic monitored by the second network device.
[0043] According to some aspects of the disclosure, there is provided a method including: transmitting, by a first serving cell to a second network device, configuration information including a power consumption command, the power consumption command indicating a power the second network device should transmit at, a duration the power is being switched on or off, and functions the second network device should turn on or off.
[0044] In some implementations, the first network device is a device which may provide a serving cell for the second network device. Please note that the first network device may be replaced with the serving cell in this disclosure. For example, “transmitting, by a first network device to a second network device” above may also be expressed as “transmitting, by a serving cell to a second network device” and understood in a same or similar way.
[0045] In some implementations, the configuration information including the power consumption command is received within a binary sequence of reference signals transmitted by the first network device.
[0046] In some implementations, the binary sequence of reference signals includes: one or more bits indicating the power the second network device should transmit at; one or more bits indicating a duration the power is being switched on or off; and one or more bits indicating one or more functions the serving network device should turn on or off.
[0047] In some implementations, the binary sequence of reference signals includes: one or more bits indicating a power on function, a same number of bits not included in a power off function; or one or more bits indicating a power off function, a same number of bits not included in a power on function.
[0048] In some implementations, the configuration information including the power consumption command is transmitted within radio resource control (RRC) protocol signaling by the first network device.
[0049] In some implementations, the configuration information including the power consumption command is transmitted within downlink control information (DCI) by the first network device.
[0050] In some implementations, the control information includes a cyclic redundancy check (CRC) scrambled with a radio network temporary identifier (RNTI) .
[0051] In some implementations, the second network device may be a first terrestrial transmission and receive point (T-TRP) .
[0052] In some implementations, the first network device may be a non-terrestrial transmission and receive point (NT-TRP) .
[0053] In some implementations, the second network device transmits the report to the first network device or another NT-TRP that is different from the NT-TRP acting as the first network device.
[0054] In some implementations, the first network device and the other NT-TRP are: located in a same orbit; or located in different orbits that each provide coverage to the second network device.
[0055] In some implementations, when the second network device is a first T-TRP, and the first network device is a second T-TRP, the second T-TRP may provide services and coverage to the first T-TRP or may be a serving cell which provides services and coverage to the first T-TRP.
[0056] In some implementations, when the second network device is a first T-TRP, and the first network device is a first NT-TRP, the first NT-TRP may provide services and coverage to the first T-TRP or be a serving cell which provides services and coverage to the first T-TRP.
[0057] In some implementations, wherein the first network device serves a first coverage area; and / or the second network device serves a second coverage area.
[0058] According to an aspect of the disclosure there is provided a network device comprising means to perform the method mentioned in this disclosure. For example, the network device including a processor and a computer-readable medium. The computer-readable medium has stored thereon, computer executable instructions, that when executed cause the processor to perform a method as described above or detailed below. Non-limiting examples of the network device are a terrestrial transmit and receive point (T-TRP) or a non-terrestrial TRP. In some implementations, the network device comprises a chip, e.g., an integrated circuit (IC) chip. In some implementations, the network device does not execute instructions by a processor to perform the methods, e.g., the first network device may comprise circuitry such as a field-programmable gate array (FPGA) , a graphical processing unit (GPU) , or an application-specific integrated circuit (ASIC) , that performs the methods. More generally, the network device may comprise modules or units or means to perform the methods.
[0059] According to some aspects of the disclosure, there is provided a non-transitory computer-readable storage medium, wherein the computer-readable storage medium stores instructions that, when executed by a processor of an apparatus, enable the apparatus to perform a method as described above or detailed below.
[0060] According to an aspect of the disclosure, there is provided a computer-program. The computer program comprises computer executable instructions that, when executed, cause a computer to perform a method as described above or elsewhere in the present disclosure.BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
[0061] For a more complete understanding of the present embodiments, and the advantages thereof, reference is now made, by way of example, to the following descriptions taken in conjunction with the accompanying drawings, in which:
[0062] FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of a communication system in which embodiments of the present disclosure may occur.
[0063] FIG. 2 is another schematic diagram of a communication system in which embodiments of the present disclosure may occur.
[0064] FIG. 3 is a block diagram illustrating units or modules in a device in which embodiments of the present disclosure may occur.
[0065] FIG. 4 is a block diagram illustrating units or modules in a device in which embodiments of the present disclosure may occur.
[0066] FIG. 5 illustrates an example network in which network devices and serving cells communicate and operate in accordance with embodiments of the present disclosure.
[0067] FIG. 6 illustrates another example network in which network devices and serving cells communicate and operate in accordance with embodiments of the present disclosure.
[0068] FIG. 7 illustrates example communication links between a serving cell and network devices served by the serving cell, in accordance with embodiments of the present disclosure.
[0069] FIG. 8 illustrates an example signal flow diagram for power consumption event reporting in a network, in accordance with embodiments of the present disclosure.
[0070] FIG. 9 illustrates an example of power consumption event reporting by network devices based on configuration information received from a serving cell, in accordance with embodiments of the present disclosure.
[0071] FIG. 10A and 10B illustrate an example of power consumption command sent to terrestrial network devices in a primary synchronization signal (PSS) from a serving cell, in accordance with embodiments of the present disclosure.
[0072] FIG. 11A and 11B illustrate another example of power consumption command sent to terrestrial network devices in a PSS from a serving cell, in accordance with embodiments of the present disclosure.
[0073] FIG. 12A and 12B illustrate an example of power consumption command reporting by network devices in downlink control information (DCI) message signaling based on configuration information received from a serving cell, in accordance with embodiments of the present disclosure.DETAILED DESCRIPTION
[0074] For illustrative purposes, specific example embodiments will now be explained in greater detail below in conjunction with the figures.
[0075] The embodiments set forth herein represent information sufficient to practice the claimed subject matter and illustrate ways of practicing such subject matter. Upon reading the following description in light of the accompanying figures, those of skill in the art will understand the concepts of the claimed subject matter and will recognize applications of these concepts not particularly addressed herein. It should be understood that these concepts and applications fall within the scope of the disclosure and the accompanying claims.
[0076] Moreover, it will be appreciated that any module, component, or device disclosed herein that executes instructions may include or otherwise have access to a non-transitory computer / processor readable storage medium or media for storage of information, such as computer / processor readable instructions, data structures, program modules, and / or other data. A non-exhaustive list of examples of non-transitory computer / processor readable storage media includes magnetic cassettes, magnetic tape, magnetic disk storage or other magnetic storage devices, optical disks such as compact disc read-only memory (CD-ROM) , digital video discs or digital versatile discs (i.e. DVDs) , Blu-ray DiscTM, or other optical storage, volatile and non-volatile, removable and non-removable media implemented in any method or technology, random-access memory (RAM) , read-only memory (ROM) , electrically erasable programmable read-only memory (EEPROM) , flash memory or other memory technology. Any such non-transitory computer / processor storage media may be part of a device or accessible or connectable thereto. Computer / processor readable / executable instructions to implement an application or module described herein may be stored or otherwise held by such non-transitory computer / processor readable storage media.
[0077] As noted above, in wireless communication systems (e.g., Fourth generation (4G) long-term evolution (LTE) , Fifth Generation (5G) New Radio (NR) ) , a discontinuous reception (DRX) and a discontinuous transmission (DTX) are used for power saving and / or power management of user devices, e.g., user equipment (UE) . For example, when a user device is operating in a sleep state of the DRX mode, the user device does not receive any physical layer signals / channels. For example, the user device does not detect and measure reference signals (RSs) or does not detect and decode messages carried in logical channels such as physical downlink control channel (PDCCH) and / or physical downlink shared channel (PDSCH) . Similarly, when the user device is operating in a sleep state of the DTX mode, the user device does not transmit any physical layer signals / channels For example, the user device does not perform signal processing related to generating an uplink signal or uplink logical channel such as physical uplink control channel (PUCCH) and / or physical uplink shared channel (PUSCH) . These techniques may allow the user devices to reduce power by enabling a receiver or transmitter of the user device only when the user device is in an active state of the DRX mode and / or DTX mode.
[0078] There are no standards for power saving or power management for devices on the network side (e.g., transmission and receive point (TRP) ) . However, previous attempts have attempted to achieve power savings at devices on the network side.
[0079] One of the approaches that was proposed to achieve power savings at devices on the network side devices was to use “simplified” synchronization signal (SS) / physical broadcast channel (PBCH) (SS / PBCH) blocks. This approach suggests simplifying the SS / PBCH blocks to reduce power consumption of devices on the network side. For example, a SS / PBCH block may be simplified by including only one of the primary synchronization signal (PSS) and the secondary synchronization signal (SSS) . Other variants that may be considered simplified SS / PBCH blocks may have periodicity that is significantly longer than the periodicity of the SS / PBCH block supported by the wireless communication systems (e.g., 5G NR) .
[0080] A second approach proposed to achieve power savings at devices on the network side was to use “cell-DRX” and “cell-DTX” , which mirrors, in effect, the above-described DRX / DTX modes for user devices. For example, when a TRP is in a sleep state of the cell-DRX mode, the TRP does not receive any physical layer signals / channels (e.g., does not detect and measure reference signals (RSs) or does not detect and decode messages carried in logical channels such as PUCCH and / or PUSCH) . Similarly, when the TRP is operating in a sleep state of the DTX mode, the TRP does not transmit any physical layer signals / channels (e.g., does not perform any signal processing related to generating a downlink signal or downlink logical channel such as PDCCH and / or PDSCH) .
[0081] A third approach proposed to achieve power savings at devices on the network side was bandwidth part (BWP) adaptation. For example, cell switching is performed such that a BWP with narrower bandwidth is used for a data transmission to thereby reduce the amount of power needed for the data transmission, compared to data transmissions over BWP with greater bandwidths. For implementation, a UE may be configured with multiple BWPs (e.g., enabled to adjust its bandwidth dynamically) and indicated to switch from one BWP (e.g., BWP with a wider bandwidth) to another BWP (e.g., BWP with a narrow bandwidth) . The indication for BWP switching may be transmitted for example using DCI signaling.
[0082] The power saving and management methods for the network side, such as those described above, may be intended to be network specific. The network specific or customized power saving implementation may be feasible where, for example, a network operator is able to perform power saving and management based on heuristics, traffic load management and balancing.
[0083] However, as noted above, the network power saving and management techniques that are specific to certain networks may be difficult to manage, maintain, or scale up. For example, some network specific power saving and management techniques may require network operators to use network devices and equipments from only one network hardware vendor. Given that network operators typically use various network devices and equipments from multiple network hardware vendors, a network specific power saving and management technique may not be desired. Instead, a method of power saving and / or network management that can be standardized may be desired because the standardized method of power saving and / or network management may be easier to manage, maintain, or scale up than the network specific power saving and management technique, particularly where the network operator uses network devices and equipments from multiple network hardware vendors.
[0084] Aspects of the present disclosure provide methods and devices to overcome the shortcomings described above, as well as specific methods for network management in various network systems. According to some implementations of the present disclosure, a serving cell may support power management in a coverage area served by a network device (e.g., terrestrial TRP) . The serving cell may be considered a base station that allows and supports power management based on a power consumption event report transmitted by the network device. In some implementations, the base station may be a terrestrial base station. In some implementations, the base station may be a non-terrestrial base station. In some implementations, the network device may be a terrestrial base station. The network device may transmit a report indicating that a power consumption event has occurred. A power consumption event may be an event where at least one monitored power consumption metric is equal to or greater than or equal to or less than a threshold value. The network device may send the report when one or more conditions indicating the power consumption event has occurred are satisfied based on configuration information received from the serving cell. The configuration information may be used by the network device for determining whether to transmit a report indicating that a power consumption event has occurred.
[0085] In some implementations, the transmission of the configuration information may be scheduled using a control channel carrying a control information message. In some implementations, the control channel may be a common control channel shared with one or more other network devices (e.g., base stations) in the network. In some implementations where the control channel is a common control channel, the configuration information may be carried over a system information block (SIB) . In some implementations where the control channel is a common control channel, the control information message may include a cyclic redundancy check (CRC) scrambled with a radio network temporary identifier (RNTI) . In some implementations, the control channel may be a control channel dedicated to the network device. In some implementations where the control channel is a control channel dedicated to the network device, the configuration information may be carried over a radio resource control (RRC) configuration message.
[0086] By virtue of some aspects of the present disclosure, seamless worldwide network coverage may be provided while achieving carbon neutrality in various network systems, for example terrestrial network systems, non-terrestrial network systems, integrated terrestrial and non-terrestrial network systems (e.g., network systems where terrestrial devices and non-terrestrial devices may coexist) . By virtue of some aspects of the present disclosure, power consumption and network traffic load may be effectively managed in various network systems.
[0087] Although aspects of the present disclosure are primarily described in some network systems, such as integrated terrestrial and non-terrestrial network systems, it should be noted that aspects of the present disclosure are not limited to integrated terrestrial and non-terrestrial network systems described in the present disclosure, but may be applicable more broadly to terrestrial network systems, non-terrestrial network systems, or other types of network systems in which methods, apparatuses and / or devices described herein may be used. In other words, aspects of the present disclosure are not limited to a particular type of communication or a particular radio access technology.
[0088] FIGs. 1, 2, and 3 following below provide context for the network and device that may be in the network and that may implement aspects of the present disclosure.
[0089] Referring to FIG. 1, as an illustrative example without limitation, a simplified schematic illustration of a communication system is provided. The communication system 100 comprises a radio access network 120. The radio access network 120 may be a next generation (e.g. sixth generation (6G) or later) radio access network, or a legacy (e.g. 5G, 4G, 3G or 2G) radio access network. One or more communication electric device (ED) 110a-120j (generically referred to as 110) may be interconnected to one another, and may also or instead be connected to one or more network nodes (170a, 170b (170a and 170b are generically referred to as 170) ; 172) in the radio access network 120. The network nodes 170a and 170b may be terrestrial network nodes, and the network node 172 may be a non-terrestrial network node. It should be noted that the connections between the one or more communication EDs 110 and the one or more network nodes 170 and / or 172 described in FIG. 1 are just examples, and one or more connections that are not explicitly described in FIG. 1 are also possible. For example, although a connection between the ED 110e and the network node 172 is not explicitly included in FIG. 1, it is possible that the ED 110e and the network node 172 are interconnected to each other. A core network 130 may be a part of the communication system and may be dependent or independent of the radio access technology used in the communication system 100. Also the communication system 100 comprises a public switched telephone network (PSTN) 140, the internet 150, and other networks 160.
[0090] FIG. 2 illustrates an example communication system 100 in which the present disclosure could be implemented. In general, the system 100 enables multiple wireless or wired elements to communicate data and other content. The purpose of the system 100 may be to provide content (voice, data, video, text) via broadcast, narrowcast, user device to user device, etc. The system 100 may operate efficiently by sharing resources such as bandwidth.
[0091] In this example, the communication system 100 includes electronic devices (ED) 110a-110c, radio access networks (RANs) 120a-120b, a core network 130, a public switched telephone network (PSTN) 140, the Internet 150, and other networks 160. While certain numbers of these components or elements are shown in FIG. 2, any reasonable number of these components or elements may be included in the system 100.
[0092] The EDs 110a-110c are configured to operate, communicate, or both, in the system 100. For example, the EDs 110a-110c are configured to transmit, receive, or both via wireless communication channels. Each ED 110a-110c represents any suitable end user device for wireless operation and may include such devices (or may be referred to) as a user equipment / device (UE) , wireless transmit / receive unit (WTRU) , mobile station, mobile subscriber unit, cellular telephone, station (STA) , machine type communication device (MTC) , personal digital assistant (PDA) , smartphone, laptop, computer, touchpad, wireless sensor, or consumer electronics device.
[0093] FIG. 2 illustrates an example communication system 100 in which the present disclosure could be implemented. In general, the communication system 100 enables multiple wireless or wired elements to communicate data and other content. The purpose of the communication system 100 may be to provide content (voice, data, video, text) via broadcast, multicast, unicast, user device to user device, etc. The communication system 100 may operate by sharing resources such as bandwidth.
[0094] In this example, the communication system 100 includes electronic devices (ED) 110a-110d, radio access networks (RANs) 120a-120c, a core network 130, a public switched telephone network (PSTN) 140, the internet 150, and other networks 160. Although certain numbers of these components or elements are shown in FIG. 2, any reasonable number of these components or elements may be included in the communication system 100.
[0095] The EDs 110a-110d are configured to operate, communicate, or both, in the communication system 100. For example, the EDs 110a-110d are configured to transmit, receive, or both, via wireless or wired communication channels. Each ED 110a-110d represents any suitable end user device for wireless operation and may include such devices (or may be referred to) as a user equipment / device (UE) , wireless transmit / receive unit (WTRU) , mobile station, fixed or mobile subscriber unit, cellular telephone, station (STA) , machine type communication (MTC) device, personal digital assistant (PDA) , smartphone, laptop, computer, tablet, wireless sensor, or consumer electronics device.
[0096] In FIG. 2, the RANs 120a-120b include base stations 170a-170b, respectively. Each base station 170a-170b is configured to wirelessly interface with one or more of the EDs 110a-110c to enable access to any other base station 170a-170b, the core network 130, the PSTN 140, the internet 150, and / or the other networks 160. For example, the base stations 170a-170b may include (or be) one or more of several well-known devices, such as a base transceiver station (BTS) , a Node-B (NodeB) , an evolved NodeB (eNodeB) , a Home eNodeB, a gNodeB, a transmission and receive point (TRP) , a site controller, an access point (AP) , or a wireless router.
[0097] In some examples, one or more of the base stations 170a-170b may be a terrestrial base station that is attached to the ground. For example, a terrestrial base station could be mounted on a building or tower. Alternatively, one or more of the base stations 172 may be a non-terrestrial base station, or non-terrestrial TRP (NT-TRP) , that is not attached to the ground. A flying base station is an example of the non-terrestrial base station. A flying base station may be implemented using communication equipment supported or carried by a flying device. Non-limiting examples of flying devices include airborne platforms (such as a blimp or an airship, for example) , balloons, quadcopters and other aerial vehicles. In some implementations, a flying base station may be supported or carried by an unmanned aerial system (UAS) or an unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) , such as a drone or a quadcopter. A flying base station may be a moveable or mobile base station that can be flexibly deployed in different locations to meet network demand. A satellite base station is another example of a non-terrestrial base station. A satellite base station may be implemented using communication equipment supported or carried by a satellite. A satellite base station may also be referred to as an orbiting base station.
[0098] Any ED 110a-110d may be alternatively or additionally configured to interface, access, or communicate with any other base station 170a-170b, the internet 150, the core network 130, the PSTN 140, the other networks 160, or any combination of the preceding.
[0099] The EDs 110a-110d and base stations 170a-170b, 172 are examples of communication equipment that can be configured to implement some or all of the operations and / or embodiments described herein. In the example shown in FIG. 2, the base station 170a forms part of the RAN 120a, which may include other base stations, base station controller (s) (BSC) , radio network controller (s) (RNC) , relay nodes, elements, and / or devices. Any base station 170a, 170b may be a single element, as shown, or multiple elements, distributed in the corresponding RAN, or otherwise. Also, the base station 170b forms part of the RAN 120b, which may include other base stations, elements, and / or devices. Each base station 170a-170b transmits and / or receives wireless signals within a particular geographic region or area, sometimes referred to as a “cell” or “coverage area” . A cell may be further divided into cell sectors, and a base station 170a-170b may, for example, employ multiple transceivers to provide service to multiple sectors. In some implementations, there may be established pico or femto cells where the radio access technology supports such. In some implementations, multiple transceivers could be used for each cell, for example using multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) technology. The number of RAN 120a-120b shown is exemplary only. Any number of RAN may be contemplated when devising the communication system 100.
[0100] The base stations 170a-170b, 172 communicate with one or more of the EDs 110a-110d over one or more air interfaces 190a, 190c using wireless communication links e.g. radio frequency (RF) , microwave, infrared (IR) , etc. The air interfaces 190a, 190c may utilize any suitable radio access technology. For example, the communication system 100 may implement one or more orthogonal or non-orthogonal channel access methods, such as code division multiple access (CDMA) , time division multiple access (TDMA) , frequency division multiple access (FDMA) , orthogonal FDMA (OFDMA) , or single-carrier FDMA (SC-FDMA) in the air interfaces 190a, 190c.
[0101] The base stations 170a-170b, 172 communicate with one another over one or more air interfaces 190e, 190f using wireless communication links e.g., radio frequency (RF) , microwave, infrared (IR) , etc. The air interfaces 190e, 190f may utilize any suitable radio access technology, and may be substantially similar to the air interfaces 190a, 190c over which the EDs 110a-110d communication with one or more of the base stations 170a-170b, 172 or they may be substantially different. For example, the communication system 100 may implement one or more channel access methods, such as code division multiple access (CDMA) , time division multiple access (TDMA) , frequency division multiple access (FDMA) , orthogonal FDMA (OFDMA) , or single-carrier FDMA (SC-FDMA) in the SL air interfaces 190e, 190f.
[0102] A base station 170a-170b, 172 may implement Universal Mobile Telecommunication System (UMTS) Terrestrial Radio Access (UTRA) to establish an air interface 190a, 190c using wideband CDMA (WCDMA) . In doing so, the base station 170a-170b. 172 may implement protocols such as High Speed Packet Access (HSPA) , Evolved HPSA (HSPA+) optionally including High Speed Downlink Packet Access (HSDPA) , High Speed Packet Uplink Access (HSPUA) or both. Alternatively, a base station 170a-170b, 172 may establish an air interface 190a, 190c with Evolved UTMS Terrestrial Radio Access (E-UTRA) using LTE, LTE-A, and / or LTE-B. It is contemplated that the communication system 100 may use multiple channel access operation, including such schemes as described above. Other radio technologies for implementing air interfaces include IEEE 802.11, 802.15, 802.16, CDMA2000, CDMA2000 1X, CDMA2000 EV-DO, IS-2000, IS-95, IS-856, GSM, EDGE, and GERAN. Of course, other multiple access schemes and wireless protocols may be utilized.
[0103] The RANs 120a-120b are in communication with the core network 130 to provide the EDs 110a-110c with various services such as voice, data, and other services. The RANs 120a-120b and / or the core network 130 may be in direct or indirect communication with one or more other RANs (not shown) , which may or may not be directly served by core network 130, and may or may not employ the same radio access technology as RAN 120a, RAN 120b or both. The core network 130 may also serve as a gateway access between (i) the RANs 120a-120b or EDs 110a-110c or both, and (ii) other networks (such as the PSTN 140, the internet 150, and the other networks 160) .
[0104] The EDs 110a-110d communicate with one another over one or more sidelink (SL) air interfaces 190b, 190d using wireless communication links e.g. radio frequency (RF) , microwave, infrared (IR) , etc. The SL air interfaces 190b, 190d may utilize any suitable radio access technology, and may be substantially similar to the air interfaces 190a, 190c over which the EDs 110a-110c communication with one or more of the base stations 170a-170b, or they may be substantially different. For example, the communication system 100 may implement one or more channel access methods, such as code division multiple access (CDMA) , time division multiple access (TDMA) , frequency division multiple access (FDMA) , orthogonal FDMA (OFDMA) , or single-carrier FDMA (SC-FDMA) in the SL air interfaces 190b, 190d. In some implementations, the SL air interfaces 190b, 190d may be, at least in part, implemented over unlicensed spectrum.
[0105] In addition, some or all of the EDs 110a-110d may include operation for communicating with different wireless networks over different wireless links using different wireless technologies and / or protocols. Instead of wireless communication (or in addition thereto) , the EDs may communicate via wired communication channels to a service provider or switch (not shown) , and to the internet 150. PSTN 140 may include circuit switched telephone networks for providing plain old telephone service (POTS) . Internet 150 may include a network of computers and subnets (intranets) or both, and incorporate protocols, such as internet protocol (IP) , transmission control protocol (TCP) and user datagram protocol (UDP) . EDs 110a-110d may be multimode devices capable of operation according to multiple radio access technologies, and incorporate multiple transceivers necessary to support multiple radio access technologies.
[0106] In some implementations, the signal is transmitted from a terrestrial BS to the UE or transmitted from the UE directly to the terrestrial BS and in both cases the signal is not reflected by a RIS. However, the signal may be reflected by the obstacles and reflectors such as buildings, walls and furniture. In some implementations, the signal is communicated between the UE and a non-terrestrial BS such as a satellite, a drone and a high altitude platform. In some implementations, the signal is communicated between a relay and a UE or a relay and a BS or between two relays. In some implementations, the signal is transmitted between two UEs. In some implementations, one or multiple RIS are utilized to reflect the signal from a transmitter and a receiver, where any of the transmitter and receiver includes UEs, terrestrial or non-terrestrial BS, and relays.
[0107] FIG. 3 illustrates another example of an ED 110 and network devices, including a base station 170a, 170b (at 170) and an NT-TRP 172. The ED 110 is used to connect persons, objects, machines, etc. The ED 110 may be widely used in various scenarios, for example, cellular communications, device-to-device (D2D) , vehicle to everything (V2X) , peer-to-peer (P2P) , machine-to-machine (M2M) , machine-type communications (MTC) , internet of things (IOT) , virtual reality (VR) , augmented reality (AR) , industrial control, self-driving, remote medical, smart grid, smart furniture, smart office, smart wearable, smart transportation, smart city, drones, robots, remote sensing, passive sensing, positioning, navigation and tracking, autonomous delivery and mobility, etc.
[0108] Each ED 110 represents any suitable end user device for wireless operation and may include such devices (or may be referred to) as a user equipment / device (UE) , a wireless transmit / receive unit (WTRU) , a mobile station, a fixed or mobile subscriber unit, a cellular telephone, a station (STA) , a machine type communication (MTC) device, a personal digital assistant (PDA) , a smartphone, a laptop, a computer, a tablet, a wireless sensor, a consumer electronics device, a smart book, a vehicle, a car, a truck, a bus, a train, or an IoT device, an industrial device, or apparatus (e.g. communication module, modem, or chip) in the forgoing devices, among other possibilities. Future generation EDs 110 may be referred to using other terms. The base station 170a and 170b is a T-TRP and will hereafter be referred to as T-TRP 170. Also shown in FIG. 3, a NT-TRP will hereafter be referred to as NT-TRP 172. Each ED 110 connected to T-TRP 170 and / or NT-TRP 172 can be dynamically or semi-statically turned-on (i.e., established, activated, or enabled) , turned-off (i.e., released, deactivated, or disabled) and / or configured in response to one of more of: connection availability and connection necessity.
[0109] The ED 110 includes a transmitter 201 and a receiver 203 coupled to one or more antennas 204. Only one antenna 204 is illustrated. One, some, or all of the antennas may alternatively be panels. The transmitter 201 and the receiver 203 may be integrated, e.g. as a transceiver. The transceiver is configured to modulate data or other content for transmission by at least one antenna 204 or network interface controller (NIC) . The transceiver is also configured to demodulate data or other content received by the at least one antenna 204. Each transceiver includes any suitable structure for generating signals for wireless or wired transmission and / or processing signals received wirelessly or by wire. Each antenna 204 includes any suitable structure for transmitting and / or receiving wireless or wired signals.
[0110] The ED 110 includes at least one memory 208. The memory 208 stores instructions and data used, generated, or collected by the ED 110. For example, the memory 208 could store software instructions or modules configured to implement some or all of the functionality and / or embodiments described herein and that are executed by the processing unit (s) 210. Each memory 208 includes any suitable volatile and / or non-volatile storage and retrieval device (s) . Any suitable type of memory may be used, such as random access memory (RAM) , read only memory (ROM) , hard disk, optical disc, subscriber identity module (SIM) card, memory stick, secure digital (SD) memory card, on-processor cache, and the like.
[0111] The ED 110 may further include one or more input / output devices (not shown) or interfaces (such as a wired interface to the internet 150 in FIGs. 1 or 2) . The input / output devices permit interaction with a user or other devices in the network. Each input / output device includes any suitable structure for providing information to or receiving information from a user, such as a speaker, microphone, keypad, keyboard, display, or touch screen, including network interface communications.
[0112] The ED 110 further includes a processor 210 for performing operations including those related to preparing a transmission for uplink transmission to the NT-TRP 172 and / or T-TRP 170, those related to processing downlink transmissions received from the NT-TRP 172 and / or T-TRP 170, and those related to processing sidelink transmission to and from another ED 110. Processing operations related to preparing a transmission for uplink transmission may include operations such as encoding, modulating, transmit beamforming, and generating symbols for transmission. Processing operations related to processing downlink transmissions may include operations such as receive beamforming, demodulating and decoding received symbols. Depending upon the embodiment, a downlink transmission may be received by the receiver 203, possibly using receive beamforming, and the processor 210 may extract signaling from the downlink transmission (e.g. by detecting and / or decoding the signaling) . An example of signaling may be a reference signal transmitted by NT-TRP 172 and / or T-TRP 170. In some implementations, the processor 210 implements the transmit beamforming and / or receive beamforming based on the indication of beam direction, e.g. beam angle information (BAI) , received from T-TRP 170. In some implementations, the processor 210 may perform operations relating to network access (e.g. initial access) and / or downlink synchronization, such as operations relating to detecting a synchronization sequence, decoding and obtaining the system information, etc. In some implementations, the processor 210 may perform channel estimation, e.g. using a reference signal received from the NT-TRP 172 and / or T-TRP 170.
[0113] Although not illustrated, the processor 210 may form part of the transmitter 201 and / or receiver 203. Although not illustrated, the memory 208 may form part of the processor 210.
[0114] The processor 210, and the processing components of the transmitter 201 and receiver 203 may each be implemented by the same or different one or more processors that are configured to execute instructions stored in a memory (e.g. in memory 208) . Alternatively, some or all of the processor 210, and the processing components of the transmitter 201 and receiver 203 may be implemented using dedicated circuitry, such as a programmed field-programmable gate array (FPGA) , a graphical processing unit (GPU) , or an application-specific integrated circuit (ASIC) .
[0115] In some implementations, the ED 110 may be an apparatus (also called a component) for example, a communication module, modem, chip, or chipset, it includes at least one processor 210, and an interface or at least one pin. In this scenario, the transmitter 201 and receiver 203 may be replaced by the interface or at least one pin, where the interface or at least one pin connects the apparatus (e.g., chip) and other apparatus (e.g., chip, memory, or bus) . Accordingly, the transmitting information to the NT-TRP 172 and / or the T-TRP 170 and / or another ED 110 may be referred to as transmitting information to the interface or at least one pin, or as transmitting information to the NT-TRP 172 and / or the T-TRP 170 and / or another ED 110 via the interface or at least one pin. The receiving information from the NT-TRP 172 and / or the T-TRP 170 and / or another ED 110 may be referred to as receiving information from the interface or at least one pin, or as receiving information from the NT-TRP 172 and / or the T-TRP 170 and / or another ED 110 via the interface or at least one pin. The information may include control signaling and / or data. For other nodes / entities in this disclosure, similar rules may apply. The T-TRP 170 may be known by other names in some implementations, such as a base station, a base transceiver station (BTS) , a radio base station, a network node, a network device, a device on the network side, a transmit / receive node, a Node B, an evolved NodeB (eNodeB or eNB) , a Home eNodeB, a next Generation NodeB (gNB) , a transmission point (TP) , a site controller, an access point (AP) , or a wireless router, a relay station, a remote radio head, a terrestrial node, a terrestrial network device, or a terrestrial base station, base band unit (BBU) , remote radio unit (RRU) , active antenna unit (AAU) , remote radio head (RRH) , central unit (CU) , distributed unit (DU) , positioning node, among other possibilities. The T-TRP 170 may be macro BSs, pico BSs, relay node, donor node, or the like, or combinations thereof. The T-TRP 170 may refer to the forging devices, or to apparatus (e.g. communication module, modem, or chip) in the forgoing devices. While the figures and accompanying description of example and embodiments of the disclosure generally use the terms AP, BS, and AP or BS, it is to be understood that such device could be any of the types described above.
[0116] In some implementations, the parts of the T-TRP 170 may be distributed. For example, some of the modules of the T-TRP 170 may be located remote from the equipment housing the antennas of the T-TRP 170, and may be coupled to the equipment housing the antennas over a communication link (not shown) sometimes known as front haul, such as common public radio interface (CPRI) . Therefore, in some implementations, the term T-TRP 170 may also refer to modules on the network side that perform processing operations, such as determining the location of the ED 110, resource allocation (scheduling) , message generation, and encoding / decoding, and that are not necessarily part of the equipment housing the antennas of the T-TRP 170. The modules may also be coupled to other T-TRPs. In some implementations, the T-TRP 170 may actually be a plurality of T-TRPs that are operating together to serve the ED 110, e.g. through coordinated multipoint transmissions.
[0117] The T-TRP 170 includes at least one transmitter 252 and at least one receiver 254 coupled to one or more antennas 256. Only one antenna 256 is illustrated. One, some, or all of the antennas may alternatively be panels. The transmitter 252 and the receiver 254 may be integrated as a transceiver. The T-TRP 170 further includes a processor 260 for performing operations including those related to: preparing a transmission for downlink transmission to the ED 110, processing an uplink transmission received from the ED 110, preparing a transmission for backhaul transmission to NT-TRP 172, and processing a transmission received over backhaul from the NT-TRP 172. Processing operations related to preparing a transmission for downlink or backhaul transmission may include operations such as encoding, modulating, precoding (e.g. multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) precoding) , transmit beamforming, and generating symbols for transmission. Processing operations related to processing received transmissions in the uplink or over backhaul may include operations such as receive beamforming, and demodulating and decoding received symbols. The processor 260 may also perform operations relating to network access (e.g. initial access) and / or downlink synchronization, such as generating the content of synchronization signal blocks (SSBs) , generating the system information, etc. In some implementations, the processor 260 also generates the indication of beam direction, e.g. BAI, which may be scheduled for transmission by scheduler 253. The processor 260 performs other network-side processing operations described herein, such as determining the location of the ED 110, determining where to deploy NT-TRP 172, etc. In some implementations, the processor 260 may generate signaling, e.g. to configure one or more parameters of the ED 110 and / or one or more parameters of the NT-TRP 172. Any signaling generated by the processor 260 is sent by the transmitter 252. Note that “signaling” , as used herein, may alternatively be called control signaling. Dynamic signaling may be transmitted in a control channel, e.g. a physical downlink control channel (PDCCH) , and static or semi-static higher layer signaling may be included in a packet transmitted in a data channel, e.g. in a physical downlink shared channel (PDSCH) .
[0118] A scheduler 253 may be coupled to the processor 260. The scheduler 253 may be included within or operated separately from the T-TRP 170, which may schedule uplink, downlink, and / or backhaul transmissions, including issuing scheduling grants and / or configuring scheduling-free ( “configured grant” ) resources. The T-TRP 170 further includes a memory 258 for storing information and data. The memory 258 stores instructions and data used, generated, or collected by the T-TRP 170. For example, the memory 258 could store software instructions or modules configured to implement some or all of the functionality and / or embodiments described herein and that are executed by the processor 260.
[0119] Although not illustrated, the processor 260 may form part of the transmitter 252 and / or receiver 254. Also, although not illustrated, the processor 260 may implement the scheduler 253. Although not illustrated, the memory 258 may form part of the processor 260.
[0120] The processor 260, the scheduler 253, and the processing components of the transmitter 252 and receiver 254 may each be implemented by the same or different one or more processors that are configured to execute instructions stored in a memory, e.g. in memory 258. Alternatively, some or all of the processor 260, the scheduler 253, and the processing components of the transmitter 252 and receiver 254 may be implemented using dedicated circuitry, such as a FPGA, a GPU, or an ASIC.
[0121] When the T-TRP 170 is an apparatus (also called a component) , for example, a communication module, modem, chip, or chipset in a device, it includes at least one processor, and an interface or at least one pin. In this scenario, the transmitter 252 and receiver 254 may be replaced by the interface or at least one pin, where the interface or at least one pin connects the apparatus (e.g., chip) and other apparatus (e.g., chip, memory, or bus) . Accordingly, the transmitting information to the NT-TRP 172 and / or the T-TRP 170 and / or ED 110 may be referred to as transmitting information to the interface or at least one pin. The receiving information from the NT-TRP 172 and / or the T-TRP 170 and / or ED 110 may be referred to as receiving information from the interface or at least one pin. The information may include control signaling and / or data.
[0122] Although the NT-TRP 172 is illustrated as a drone only as an example, the NT-TRP 172 may be implemented in any suitable non-terrestrial form. Also, the NT-TRP 172 may be known by other names in some implementations, such as a non-terrestrial node, a non-terrestrial network device, or a non- terrestrial base station. The NT-TRP 172 includes a transmitter 272 and a receiver 274 coupled to one or more antennas 280. Only one antenna 280 is illustrated. One, some, or all of the antennas may alternatively be panels. The transmitter 272 and the receiver 274 may be integrated as a transceiver. The NT-TRP 172 further includes a processor 276 for performing operations including those related to: preparing a transmission for downlink transmission to the ED 110, processing an uplink transmission received from the ED 110, preparing a transmission for backhaul transmission to T-TRP 170, and processing a transmission received over backhaul from the T-TRP 170. Processing operations related to preparing a transmission for downlink or backhaul transmission may include operations such as encoding, modulating, precoding (e.g. MIMO precoding) , transmit beamforming, and generating symbols for transmission. Processing operations related to processing received transmissions in the uplink or over backhaul may include operations such as receive beamforming, and demodulating and decoding received symbols. In some implementations, the processor 276 implements the transmit beamforming and / or receive beamforming based on beam direction information (e.g. BAI) received from T-TRP 170. In some implementations, the processor 276 may generate signaling, e.g. to configure one or more parameters of the ED 110. In some implementations, the NT-TRP 172 implements physical layer processing, but does not implement higher layer functions such as functions at the medium access control (MAC) or radio link control (RLC) layer. As this is only an example, more generally, the NT-TRP 172 may implement higher layer functions in addition to physical layer processing.
[0123] The NT-TRP 172 further includes a memory 278 for storing information and data. Although not illustrated, the processor 276 may form part of the transmitter 272 and / or receiver 274. Although not illustrated, the memory 278 may form part of the processor 276.
[0124] The processor 276 and the processing components of the transmitter 272 and receiver 274 may each be implemented by the same or different one or more processors that are configured to execute instructions stored in a memory, e.g. in memory 278. Alternatively, some or all of the processor 276 and the processing components of the transmitter 272 and receiver 274 may be implemented using dedicated circuitry, such as a programmed FPGA, a GPU, or an ASIC. In some implementations, the NT-TRP 172 may actually be a plurality of NT-TRPs that are operating together to serve the ED 110, e.g. through coordinated multipoint transmissions.
[0125] When the T-TRP 170 is an apparatus (also called a component) , for example, a communication module, modem, chip, or chipset in a device, it includes at least one processor, and an interface or at least one pin. In this scenario, the transmitter 252 and receiver 254 may be replaced by the interface or at least one pin, where the interface or at least one pin connects the apparatus (e.g., chip) and other apparatus (e.g., chip, memory, or bus) . Accordingly, the transmitting information to the NT-TRP 172 and / or the T-TRP 170 and / or ED 110 may be referred to as transmitting information to the interface or at least one pin. The receiving information from the NT-TRP 172 and / or the T-TRP 170 and / or ED 110 may be referred to as receiving information from the interface or at least one pin. The information may include control signaling and / or data.
[0126] The T-TRP 170, the NT-TRP 172, and / or the ED 110 may include other components, but these have been omitted for the sake of clarity.
[0127] Note that “signaling” , as used herein, may alternatively be called control signaling, control message, control information, or message for simplicity. Signaling between a BS (e.g., the network node 170) and a terminal or sensing device (e.g., ED 110) , or signaling between a different terminal or sensing device (e.g., between ED 110i and ED110j) may be carried in physical layer signaling (also called as dynamic signaling) , which is transmitted in a physical layer control channel. For downlink, the physical layer signaling may be known as downlink control information (DCI) , which is transmitted in a physical downlink control channel (PDCCH) . For uplink, the physical layer signaling may be known as uplink control information (UCI) , which is transmitted in a physical uplink control channel (PUCCH) . For sidelink, signaling between different terminal or sensing devices (e.g., between ED 110i and ED110j) may be known as sidelink control information (SCI) , which is transmitted in a physical sidelink control channel (PSCCH) . Signaling may be carried in a higher-layer (e.g., higher than physical layer) signaling, which is transmitted in a physical layer data channel, e.g. in a physical downlink shared channel (PDSCH) for downlink signaling, in a physical uplink shared channel (PUSCH) for uplink signaling, and in a physical sidelink shared channel (PSSCH) for sidelink signaling. Higher-layer signaling may also be called static signaling, or semi-static signaling. Higher-layer signaling may be radio resource control (RRC) protocol signaling or media access control –control element (MAC-CE) signaling. Signaling may be included in a combination of physical layer signaling and higher layer signaling.
[0128] It should be noted that in present disclosure, “information” , when different from “message” , may be carried in one single message, or be carried in more than one separate message.
[0129] One or more steps of the methods provided herein may be performed by corresponding units or modules, according to FIG. 3. FIG. 3 illustrates units or modules in a device, such as in ED 110, in T-TRP 170, or in NT-TRP 172. For example, a signal may be transmitted by a transmitting unit or a transmitting module. A signal may be received by a receiving unit or a receiving module. A signal may be processed by a processing unit or a processing module. Other steps may be performed by an artificial intelligence (AI) or machine learning (ML) module. The respective units or modules may be implemented using hardware, one or more components or devices that execute software, or a combination thereof. For instance, one or more of the units or modules may be an integrated circuit, such as a programmed FPGA, a GPU, or an ASIC. It will be appreciated that where the modules are implemented using software for execution by a processor for example, they may be retrieved by a processor, in whole or part as needed, individually or together for processing, in single or multiple instances, and that the modules themselves may include instructions for further deployment and instantiation.
[0130] Additional details regarding the EDs 110, T-TRP 170, and NT-TRP 172 are known to those of skill in the art. As such, these details are omitted here.
[0131] One or more steps of the embodiment methods provided herein may be performed by corresponding units or modules, according to FIG. 4. FIG. 4 illustrates units or modules in a device, such as in ED 110, in T-TRP 170, or in NT-TRP 172. For example, a signal may be transmitted by a transmitting unit or a transmitting module. A signal may be received by a receiving unit or a receiving module. A signal may be processed by a processing unit or a processing module. Other steps may be performed by an artificial intelligence (AI) or machine learning (ML) module. The respective units or modules may be implemented using hardware, one or more components or devices that execute software, or a combination thereof. For instance, one or more of the units or modules may be an integrated circuit, such as a programmed FPGA, a GPU, or an ASIC. It will be appreciated that where the modules are implemented using software for execution by a processor for example, they may be retrieved by a processor, in whole or part as needed, individually or together for processing, in single or multiple instances, and that the modules themselves may include instructions for further deployment and instantiation.
[0132] Additional details regarding the EDs 110, T-TRP 170, and NT-TRP 172 are known to those of skill in the art. As such, these details are omitted here.
[0133] For future wireless networks, a number of the new devices could increase exponentially with diverse functionalities. Also, many new applications and new use cases in future wireless networks than existing in 5G may emerge with more diverse quality of service demands. These will result in new key performance indications (KPIs) for the future wireless network (for an example, 6G network) that can be extremely challenging, so the sensing technologies, and AI technologies, especially ML (deep learning) technologies, had been introduced to telecommunication for improving the system performance and efficiency.
[0134] AI / ML technologies applied communication including AI / ML communication in Physical layer and AI / ML communication in media access control (MAC) layer. For physical layer, the AI / ML communication may be useful to optimize the components design and improve the algorithm performance, like AI / ML on channel coding, channel modelling, channel estimation, channel decoding, modulation, demodulation, MIMO, waveform, multiple access, PHY element parameter optimization and update, beam forming &tracking and sensing &positioning, etc. For MAC layer, AI / ML communication may utilize the AI / ML capability with learning, prediction and make decisions to solve the complicated optimization problems with better strategy and optimal solution, for example to optimize the functionality in MAC, e.g. intelligent TRP management, intelligent beam management, intelligent channel resource allocation, intelligent power control, intelligent spectrum utilization, intelligent modulation and coding scheme (MCS) , intelligent hybrid automatic repeat request (HARQ) strategy, intelligent transmit / receive (Tx / Rx) mode adaption, etc.
[0135] AI / ML architectures usually involve multiple nodes, which can be organized in two modes, i.e., centralized and distributed, both of which can be deployed in access network, core network, or an edge computing system or third-party network. The centralized training and computing architecture is restricted by huge communication overhead and strict user data privacy. Distributed training and computing architecture comprise several frameworks, e.g., distributed machine learning and federated learning. AI / ML architectures comprises intelligent controller which can perform as single agent or multi-agent, based on joint optimization or individual optimization. New protocol and signaling mechanism is needed so that the corresponding interface link can be personalized with customized parameters to meet particular requirements while minimizing signaling overhead and maximizing the whole system spectrum efficiency by personalized AI technologies.
[0136] Further terrestrial and non-terrestrial networks may enable a new range of services and applications such as earth monitoring, remote sensing, passive sensing and positioning, navigation, and tracking, autonomous delivery and mobility. Terrestrial networks based sensing and non-terrestrial networks based sensing could provide intelligent context-aware networks to enhance the UE experience. For example, terrestrial network based sensing and non-terrestrial network based sensing may involve opportunities for localization and sensing applications based on a new set of features and service capabilities. Applications such as Terahertz (THz) imaging and spectroscopy have the potential to provide continuous, real-time physiological information via dynamic, non-invasive, contactless measurements for future digital health technologies. Simultaneous localization and mapping (SLAM) methods may not only enable advanced cross reality (XR) applications but may also enhance the navigation of autonomous objects such as vehicles and drones. Further in terrestrial and non-terrestrial networks, measured channel data and sensing and positioning data may be obtained by large bandwidth, additional spectrum, dense network and additional light-of-sight (LOS) links. Based on these data, a radio environmental map may be determined through AI / ML methods, where channel information is linked to its corresponding positioning or environmental information to provide an enhanced physical layer design based on this map.
[0137] Sensing coordinators are nodes in a network that may assist in the sensing operation. These nodes may be standalone nodes dedicated to just sensing operations or other nodes (for example TRP 170, ED 110, or core network node) doing the sensing operations in parallel with communication transmissions. A new protocol and signaling mechanism may be needed so that the corresponding interface link may be performed with customized parameters to meet particular requirements while minimizing signaling overhead and maximizing the whole system spectrum efficiency.
[0138] AI / ML and sensing methods are data intensive. In order to involve AI / ML and sensing in wireless communications, more and more data are needed to be collected, stored, and exchanged. The characteristics of wireless data expand quite large ranges in multiple dimensions, e.g., from sub-6 GHz, millimeter to Terahertz carrier frequency, from space, outdoor to indoor scenario, and from text, voice to video. These data collecting, processing and usage operations are performed in a unified framework or a different framework.
[0139] Control information is referenced in some embodiments described herein. Control information may sometimes instead be referred to as control signaling, or signaling. In some cases, control information may be dynamically communicated, e.g. in the physical layer in a control channel, such as in a physical uplink control channel (PUCCH) or physical uplink shared channel (PUSCH) or physical downlink control channel (PDCCH) . An example of control information that is dynamically indicated is information sent in physical layer control signaling, e.g., uplink control information (UCI) sent in a PUCCH or PUSCH or downlink control information (DCI) sent in a PDCCH. A dynamic indication may be an indication in a lower layer, e.g., physical layer / layer 1 signaling, rather than in a higher-layer (e.g. rather than in RRC signaling or in a MAC CE) . A semi-static indication may be an indication in semi-static signaling. Semi-static signaling, as used herein, may refer to signaling that is not dynamic, e.g. higher-layer signaling (such as RRC signaling) , and / or a MAC CE. Dynamic signaling, as used herein, may refer to signaling that is dynamic, e.g., physical layer control signaling sent in the physical layer, such as DCI sent in a PDCCH or UCI sent in a PUCCH or PUSCH.
[0140] The present disclosure discloses apparatuses, devices, and methods for network management that may be used in various network systems, for example terrestrial network systems, non-terrestrial network systems, integrated terrestrial and non-terrestrial network systems (e.g., network systems where terrestrial devices and non-terrestrial devices may coexist) . The network management may be performed based on power consumption event reporting made by a network device (e.g., terrestrial transmission and receive point (T-TRP) ) .
[0141] Some aspects of the present disclosure relate to power consumption event reporting. For example, a network device (e.g., T-TRP) may send a report indicating a power consumption event has occurred (e.g., a power consumption event occurred in a coverage area served by the network device) . The network device may send the report to a given network entity (e.g., non-terrestrial TRP) . The report may be generated based on one or more metrics and key performance indicators (KPIs) . Some examples of the metrics used for the report may include TRP power consumption in Joules, transmit power consumption in Joules, baseband unit temperature in Celsius / Kelvin. A power consumption event may therefore be an event where at least one metric is equal to or greater than or equal to or less than a threshold value. For example, when a TRP power consumption in Joules is equal to or exceeds a certain threshold value or when a transmit power consumption in Joules is equal to or exceeds a certain threshold value, or when a baseband unit temperature in Celsius / Kelvin is equal to or exceeds a certain threshold value.
[0142] Some aspects of the present disclosure relate to Power Consumption configuration and signaling, where non-terrestrial network (NTN) TRPs transmit Power-Off / Power-On commands to terrestrial network (TN) TRPs. Power-Off commands may be in the form of Power-Off signals or Power-Off control signaling. Similarly, Power-On commands may be in the form of Power-On signals or Power-On control signaling.
[0143] Some aspects of the present disclosure relate to configuration of the power consumption event, or configuration for power consumption event reporting. A network device (e.g., T-TRP) may receive, from a serving cell, configuration information for configuring the network device to determine whether to transmit a report indicating that a power consumption event has occurred. In some implementations, the configuration information may be transmitted from the serving cell to the network device using a common signaling mechanism (e.g., a common control channel that may be shared with one or more other network devices in the network) . For example, common configuration information may be provided to a plurality of network devices from a serving cell using a system information block (SIB) via multicast. In some implementations, the configuration information may be transmitted from the serving cell to a specific network device using a dedicated signaling mechanism (e.g., a control channel dedicated to the network device) . For example, configuration information dedicated to the specific network device may be provided to a specific network device from a serving cell using a radio resource control (RRC) configuration message via unicast.
[0144] In the context of cellular networks, a serving cell may refer to a geographical area where a terminal device (e.g., UE or devices like UE) may receive, detect, and measure signals associated with a physical cell identity (PCI) . This is typically the case associated with e.g., primary synchronization signal (PSS) and the secondary synchronization signal (SSS) whose pseudo-random-noise (PRN) sequences are generated from the PCI. For example, when a terminal device detects the PSS and / or SSS with a received power above a certain threshold within a certain (coverage) area served by a given cell, the terminal device may be considered being under a coverage of the given cell. From the perspective of terminal devices, the “serving cell” may relate to an area on which one or more terminal devices (e.g., UE) may camp or a cell from which the one or more network devices may monitor certain information (e.g., system information) . Indeed, the 3rd Generation Partnership Project (3GPP) Technical Specification (TS) 38.304 defines the “serving cell” as “ [t] he cell on which the UE is camped” .
[0145] Based on the above, it may be considered that a cell, serving cell or a beam associated with a cell / serving cell may be associated with a same PCI. Accordingly, with one possible interpretation, a cell, a serving cell, a beam associated with a cell, or a beam associated with a serving cell may refer to any network entity that may broadcast a same PCI through its physical synchronization signals and channels, such as PSS, SSS, PBCH, and / or synchronization signal block (SSB) . Some aspects of the present disclosure are illustrated based on this possible loose interpretation.
[0146] In some implementations, a serving cell may refer to a base station that may serve a certain coverage area and provide network services and coverage to one or more network devices. The serving cell may serve and / or correspond to a certain coverage area on which the one or more network devices may camp or from which the one or more network devices may monitor certain information (e.g., system information, traffic related information, power saving command, etc. ) . The serving cell may be a non-terrestrial TRP (e.g., airborne vehicles, spaceborne vehicles, satellites (low earth orbit (LEO) satellites / medium earth orbit (MEO) satellites / geostationary equatorial orbit (GEO) satellites) , drones, balloons, high-altitude platform stations (HAPS) , and unmanned airborne vehicles (UAVs) , etc. ) or a terrestrial TRP (e.g., base station) . In some implementations, a network device may refer to a device that may serve a certain coverage area and provide network services and coverage to one or more terminal devices (e.g., user equipment (UE) ) . The network device may serve the coverage area on which the one or more terminal devices may camp or from which the one or more terminal devices may monitor certain information (e.g., system information) . The network device may be a terrestrial TRP (e.g., base station) .
[0147] In some implementations, the coverage area served by the network device may be smaller than the coverage area corresponding to the serving cell, for example as will be described in further detail below with regard to FIG. 7. In some implementations, at least a portion of the coverage area served by the network device may be within the coverage area corresponding to the serving cell. In some implementations, the coverage area served by the network device may be overlapping with the coverage area corresponding to the serving cell.
[0148] Some aspects of the present disclosure may be implemented using a terrestrial TRP (e.g., base station) and a non-terrestrial TRP (e.g., airborne vehicles, spaceborne vehicles, satellites (low earth orbit (LEO) satellites / medium earth orbit (MEO) satellites / geostationary equatorial orbit (GEO) satellites) , drones, balloons, high-altitude platform stations (HAPS) , and unmanned airborne vehicles (UAVs) , etc. ) , or any devices that may support radio access technologies such as Fifth Generation (5G) New Radio (NR) or a next generation (e.g. Sixth Generation (6G) or later) radio access network. However, it is not limited to devices that support a particular radio access network or a particular radio access technology, but may include any types of radio access technologies that support terrestrial and / or non-terrestrial types of communications. In this disclosure, the terms “Power Consumption” and “Power Saving” may be used inter-changeably.
[0149] Moreover, as noted above, although aspects of the present disclosure are primarily described in some network systems, such as integrated terrestrial and non-terrestrial network systems, it should be noted that aspects of the present disclosure are not limited to integrated terrestrial and non-terrestrial network systems described in the present disclosure, but may be applicable more broadly to terrestrial network systems, non-terrestrial network systems, or other types of network systems in which methods, apparatuses and / or devices described herein may be used. In other words, aspects of the present disclosure are not limited to a particular type of communication or a particular radio access technology.
[0150] FIG. 5 illustrates an example network 500 in which network devices and serving cells communicate and operate in accordance with embodiments of the present disclosure. The network 500 may be an integrated terrestrial and non-terrestrial network system. The network 500 includes network devices 501a, 501b, 501c, 511a, 511b, and 511c. The network 500 also includes a first serving cell, represented by the non-terrestrial network device 502, a second serving cell, represented by the non-terrestrial network device 512, and a third serving cell, represented by the non-terrestrial network device 522. The network 500 further includes a non-terrestrial network (NTN) gateway 524, a first terrestrial network (TN) gateway 526, a second terrestrial network (TN) gateway 528, and a core network 530.
[0151] In some implementations, each of the network devices 501a, 501b, 501c, 511a, 511b, and 511c may be a terrestrial TRP. The network device 501a may serve a coverage area 503a on which one or more terminal devices (not shown in FIG. 5) may camp. Similarly, other network devices 501b, 501c, 511a, 511b, and 511c may serve coverage areas 503b, 503c, 513a, 513b, and 513c, respectively, on which one or more terminal devices (not shown in FIG. 5) may camp, as illustrated in FIG. 5. The network devices 501a, 501b, and 501c may be communicatively connected to the first serving cell via the non-terrestrial network device 502, and the network devices 511a, 511b, and 511c may be communicatively connected to the second serving cell via the non-terrestrial network device 512. The network devices 501a, 501b, and 501c may be communicatively connected to the core network 530 via the first TN gateway 526. Additionally or alternatively, the network devices 501a, 501b, and 501c may be communicatively connected to the core network 530 via the first serving cell represented by the non-terrestrial network device 502 and the NTN gateway 524. The network devices 511a, 511b, and 511c may be communicatively connected to the core network 530 via the second TN gateway 528. Additionally or alternatively, the network devices 511a, 511b, and 511c may be communicatively connected to the core network 530 via the second serving cell represented by the non-terrestrial network device 512 and the NTN gateway 524.
[0152] Each of the first serving cell, the second serving cell, and the third serving cell may be part of a satellite constellation. The satellite constellation typically includes a plurality of satellite orbits, and each satellite orbit may include a plurality of satellites (e.g., first non-terrestrial network device 502, second non-terrestrial network device 512, and third non-terrestrial network device 522) therein. Some or all of the satellites in the satellite constellation (e.g., first non-terrestrial network device 502 and second non-terrestrial network device 512) may provide wireless coverage or network services to Earth (e.g., network devices 501a, 501b, 501c, 511a, 511b, and 511c) .
[0153] The satellite constellation may be communicatively connected to the core network 530 through dedicated satellite gateways. For example, the first, second, and third serving cells may be communicatively connected to the core network 530 via non-terrestrial network device 502, via non-terrestrial network device 512 and via non-terrestrial network device 522, respectively, through the NTN gateway 524 that is dedicated to the first, second, and third serving cells, as described in FIG. 5.
[0154] FIG. 6 illustrates another example network 600 in which network devices and serving cells communicate and operate in accordance with embodiments of the present disclosure. The network 600 may be an integrated terrestrial and non-terrestrial network system. The network 600 may be considered a variant of the network 500 described above with regard to FIG. 5. The network 600 includes network devices 601a, 601b, 601c, 611a, 611b, and 611c. The network 600 also includes a first serving cell represented by the non-terrestrial network device 602, a second serving cell represented by the non- terrestrial network device 612, and a third serving cell represented by the non-terrestrial network device 622. The network 600 further includes an NTN gateway 624 and a core network 630.
[0155] In some implementations, each of the network devices 601a, 601b, 601c, 611a, 611b, and 611c may be a terrestrial TRP. The network device 601a may serve a coverage area 603a on which one or more terminal devices (not shown in FIG. 6) may camp. Similarly, other network devices 601b, 601c, 611a, 611b, and 611c may serve coverage areas 603b, 603c, 613a, 613b, and 613c, respectively, on which one or more terminal devices (not shown in FIG. 6) may camp. The network devices 601a, 601b, and 601c may be communicatively connected to the serving cell via non-terrestrial network device 602, for example using wireless links. The network devices 601a, 601b, and 601c may be communicatively connected to the core network 630 via the first serving cell represented by the non-terrestrial network device 602, the third serving cell represented by the non-terrestrial network device 622, and the NTN gateway 624, as illustrated in FIG. 6. The network devices 611a, 611b, and 611c may be communicatively connected to the serving cell via non-terrestrial network device 612, for example using wireless links. The network devices 611a, 611b, and 611c may be communicatively connected to the core network 630 via the second serving cell represented by the non-terrestrial network device 612, the third serving cell represented by the non-terrestrial network device 622, and the NTN gateway 624, as illustrated in FIG. 6.
[0156] The first serving cell, the second serving cell, and the third serving cell may be communicatively connected to each other via non-terrestrial network device 602, via non-terrestrial network device 612 and via non-terrestrial network device 622, respectively, as described in FIG. 6, for example via free space optical links (e.g., lasers) .
[0157] In some implementations, each of the first serving cell, the second serving cell, and the third serving cell may be part of a satellite constellation. The satellite constellation typically includes a plurality of satellite orbits, and each satellite orbit may include a plurality of satellites (e.g., non-terrestrial network devices 602, 612, and 622) therein. Some (or all) of the satellites in the satellite constellation (e.g., non-terrestrial network devices 602 and 612) may provide wireless coverage or network services to earth (e.g., network devices 601a, 601b, 601c, 611a, 611b, and 611c) . The satellites in the satellite constellation (e.g., non-terrestrial network devices 602, 612, 622) may effectively act as a gateway for network devices on the ground (e.g., network devices 601a, 601b, 601c, 611a, 611b, and 611c) . The satellites in the satellite constellation may be communicatively connected to the core network 630 through an NTN gateway located on the ground using wireless links. For example, the non-terrestrial network devices 602, 612, 622 may be communicatively connected to the core network 630 through the NTN gateway 624, as illustrated in FIG. 6.
[0158] In some implementations, the NTN gateway 624 may be communicatively connected to the core network 630 using wireless links, wired links (e.g., fiber optical links) , or combination thereof.
[0159] FIG. 7 illustrates example communication links between a serving cell and network devices served by the serving cell, in accordance with embodiments of the present disclosure. The network 700 may be an integrated terrestrial and non-terrestrial network system. The network 700 includes a first network device 701, a second network device 711, a third network device 721, and a serving cell represented by the non-terrestrial network device 702.
[0160] Referring to FIG. 7, the first network device 701 may serve a first coverage area 703 on which one or more terminal devices (not shown in FIG. 7) may camp. Similarly, the second and third network devices 711 and 721 may serve second and third coverage areas 713 and 723, respectively, on which one or more terminal devices (not shown in FIG. 7) may camp. The serving cell represented by the non-terrestrial network device 702 may serve a coverage area 704 on which the first, second, and third network devices 701, 711, and 721 may camp or from which the first, second, and third network devices 701, 711, and 721 may monitor certain information (e.g., system information, traffic related information, power saving command, etc. ) .
[0161] In some implementations, as shown in FIG. 7, the first, second, and / or third coverage areas 703, 713, and / or 723 may be smaller than the coverage area 704 corresponding to the serving cell represented by the non-terrestrial network device 702. In some implementations, the first, second, and / or third coverage areas 703, 713, and / or 723 may be within the coverage area 704. In some implementations, at least a portion of the first, second, and / or third coverage areas 703, 713, and / or 723 may be within the coverage area 704. In some implementations, the first, second, and / or third coverage areas 703, 713, and / or 723 may be overlapping with the coverage area 704 in a manner different from that is described in FIG. 7. For example, only part of the first, second, and / or third coverage areas 703, 713, and / or 723 may be included in the coverage area 704, and the other part of the first, second, and / or third coverage areas 703, 713, and / or 723 may be outside of the coverage area 704.
[0162] In some implementations, the first, second, and third network devices 701, 711, and 721 may serve and provide network services to terminal devices (not shown in FIG. 7) on the ground and / or other devices (e.g., smart meters, smart traffic lights, devices that may be considered internet of things (IoT) devices) . In some cases, the first, second, and third network devices 701, 711, and 721 may experience certain power consumption events, such as a measured power consumption is above a threshold, a power consumption amount offset is above a threshold. When such a power consumption event occurs, the first, second, and third network devices 701, 711, and 721 may send, to the serving cell via the non-terrestrial network device 702, reports indicating that certain power consumption events have occurred on the ground (e.g., first, second, and / or third coverage areas 703, 713, and / or 723) . The report may be based on, for example, a measured power consumption is above a threshold, a power consumption amount offset is above a threshold, and / or other power consumption events.
[0163] In some implementations, when a certain power consumption event occurs in the first coverage area 703, the first network device 701 may transmit, to the serving cell via the non-terrestrial network device 702, a report indicating that the certain power consumption event has occurred, for example, in the first coverage area 703. Similarly, when a certain power consumption event occurs in the second coverage area 713, the second network device 711 may transmit, to the serving cell via the non-terrestrial network device 702, a report indicating that the certain power consumption event has occurred, for example, in the second coverage area 713. When a certain power consumption event occurs in the third coverage area 723, the third network device 721 may transmit, to the serving cell via the non-terrestrial network device 702, a report indicating that the certain power consumption event has occurred, for example, in the third coverage area 723.
[0164] In some implementations, the report may be transmitted to the serving cell via the non-terrestrial network device 702 based on power consumption events occurred, for example, in a combined area of the first coverage area 703, second coverage area 713, and third coverage area 723. For example, when a certain power consumption event (collectively) occurs in one or more of the first coverage area 703, second coverage area 713, and third coverage area 723, then one of the first, second, and third network devices 701, 711, and 721 (or another device that is designated to report power consumption events occurred in the first, second, and third coverage areas 703, 713, and 723) may transmit a report indicating that the certain power consumption event has occurred in the combined area of the first, second, and third coverage areas 703, 713, and 723.
[0165] As shown in FIG. 7, the first, second, and third network devices 701, 711, and 721 may be communicatively connected to the serving cell via the non-terrestrial network device 702. In some implementations, the first, second, and third network devices 701, 711, and 721 may communicate with the serving cell via the non-terrestrial network device 702 via bidirectional wireless links. For the purpose of illustration, each bidirectional wireless link between a respective network device and the serving cell may be considered to include a downward link, which may refer to a link from a serving cell (e.g., via non-terrestrial TRP) to a network device (e.g., terrestrial TRP) , and an upward link, which may refer to a link from the respective network device to the serving cell. In the network 700, the first network device 701 may transmit to the serving cell via the non-terrestrial network device 702 via an upward link 705u and receive from the serving cell via the non-terrestrial network device 702 via a downward link 705d. Similarly, the second network device 711 may transmit to the serving cell via the non-terrestrial network device 702 via an upward link 715u and receive from the serving cell via the non-terrestrial network device 702 via a downward link 715d, and the third network device 721 may transmit to the serving cell via the non-terrestrial network device 702 via an upward link 725u and receive from the serving cell via the non-terrestrial network device 702 via a downward link 725d.
[0166] It should be noted that the downward link may be different from the downlink (DL) which may be considered a link from a network to terminal devices. Similarly, the upward link may be different from the uplink (UL) which may be considered a link from terminal devices to a network.
[0167] It should be also noted that while not described in FIG. 7, some network devices (e.g., terrestrial TRPs) may be communicatively connected to a serving cell (e.g., non-terrestrial TRP) using unidirectional wireless links, or combination of bidirectional wireless links and unidirectional wireless links.
[0168] FIG. 8 illustrates a signal flow diagram for an example process 800 for power consumption event reporting in a network, in accordance with embodiments of the present disclosure. The process 800 illustrates signaling between a terrestrial TRP (T-TRP) 801 and a non-terrestrial TRP (NT-TRP) 802. In some implementations, the T-TRP 801 may be one of the network devices illustrated above or elsewhere in the present disclosure, and the NT-TRP 802 may be a device in one of the serving cells illustrated above or elsewhere in the present disclosure. In some implementations, the NT-TRP 802 may be within a satellite constellation and may be constantly moving over a satellite orbit.
[0169] At step 810, the NT-TRP 802 may transmit signaling that carries configuration information for power consumption event reporting. The configuration information may be transmitted from the NT-TRP 802 to the T-TRP 801 on the ground, using a common signaling mechanism (e.g., a common control channel that may be shared with one or more other TRPs in the network) or a dedicated signaling mechanism (e.g., a control channel dedicated to the T-TRP 801) . The configuration information may be used for configuring the T-TRP 801 to determine whether to transmit a report indicating that a power consumption event has occurred. For example, the power consumption event may have occurred in a coverage area served by the T-TRP 801. Some non-limiting examples of the configuration information may include information used to identify a type of the power consumption event to be monitored by the T-TRP 801, information indicative of a threshold to be compared with monitored data for determining whether the power consumption event has occurred, information indicative of a time duration for which the power consumption event occurs in order to trigger transmission of the report; information indicative of whether the T-TRP 801 is allocated to transmit the report when the power consumption event has occurred.
[0170] In some implementations where the NT-TRP 802 is within a satellite constellation and constantly moving over a satellite orbit, the NT-TRP 802, at step 820, may send further configuration information for power consumption event reporting using the common signaling mechanism or dedicated signaling mechanism. In some implementations, the further configuration information may be updates of the existing configuration information. Step 820 may be optional.
[0171] At step 830, when a power consumption event is determined by the T-TRP 801 to have occurred, for example, within the coverage area served by the T-TRP 801, the T-TRP 801 may transmit, to the NT-TRP 802, a report indicating that the power consumption event has occurred. Whether a power consumption event occurred or not may be determined based on the configuration information received from the NT-TRP 802.
[0172] While not illustrated in FIG. 8, in some implementations, after receiving the report indicating that the power consumption event has occurred, the NT-TRP 802 may transmit, to the T-TRP 801, command signaling that is related to network management.
[0173] While not illustrated in FIG. 8, in some implementations where multiple NT-TRPs, including the NT-TRP 802, are moving over a same orbit, the T-TRP 801 may transmit the power consumption event report to another NT-TRP that is different from the NT-TRP 802, and / or receive command signaling related to network management from another NT-TRP that is different from the NT-TRP 802.
[0174] It should be noted that although the process 800 illustrates signaling between the T-TRP 801 and the NT-TRP 802, the power consumption event reporting may be performed between two T-TRPs, where one of the T-TRP acts as a super base station instead of the NT-TRP acting as a serving cell, in a manner similar to those illustrated above or elsewhere in the present disclosure.
[0175] As described above, in aspects of the present disclosure, a serving cell (e.g., non-terrestrial TRP, terrestrial TRP acting as a super base station) may support power consumption and traffic management in a coverage area served by a network device (e.g., terrestrial TRP) . The serving cell may transmit a control information message via a control channel. The control information message may schedule configuration information that may be used for configuring the network device to determine whether to transmit a report indicating that a power consumption event has occurred. The power consumption event, in some implementations, may include a power consumption event occurred in a coverage area served by the network device. The configuration information and transmission of the configuration information will be further discussed below or elsewhere in the present disclosure.
[0176] In some implementations, a report indicating that a power consumption event has occurred may be transmitted based on whether a certain metric, such as a measured power consumption is above a threshold or a power consumption amount offset is above a threshold, exceeds a certain configured threshold.
[0177] The network devices may monitor signaling from serving cells (e.g., non-terrestrial TRPs operating in a given constellation) and may receive signaling from the serving cells carrying configuration information for power consumption event reporting. The signaling may be higher-layer signaling (e.g., radio resource control (RRC) signaling) .
[0178] For example, a network device may monitor a control channel carrying a control information message from the serving cell. The control information message may schedule transmission of configuration information which may be used for configuring the network device to determine whether to transmit a power consumption event report. The configuration information may be carried over a RRC configuration message.
[0179] In some implementations, the configuration information for power consumption event reporting may be an information element (IE) (an example of a such an IE may be titled “PowerConsEventReporting” ) , which may be carried in higher-layer signaling (e.g., RRC signaling) . The configuration information may indicate metric (s) that may be monitored and used to determine whether a power consumption event has occurred. An example of an abstract or a template for such configuration information is described below as Configuration Information Abstract Syntax (1) , using abstract syntax notation 1 (ASN. 1) :
[0180] 1> PowerConsEventReportConfig : : = SEQUENCE {
[0181] 2> pcEventType ENUMERATED {pcAboveThreshold, pcAmountOffsetAboveThreshold, pcInsideGroupAboveThreshold, pcInsideGroupAmountOffsetAboveThreshold} ,
[0182] 2> pcThreshold INTEGER (10. . 10000000000) ,
[0183] 2> pcOffset INTEGER (-10000. . 10000) ,
[0184] 2> timeDuration ENUMERATED {10sec, 30sec, 60sec, 600sec, 3600sec} ,
[0185] 2> reportPerTrp BOOLEAN,
[0186] 2> reportQuantity ENUMERATED {power, energy}
[0187] 1>
[0188] Configuration Information Abstract Syntax (1)
[0189] In some implementations, Configuration Information Abstract Syntax (1) or the configuration information abstract (or configuration information template) may include one or more of “pcAboveThreshold” , “pcAmountOffsetAboveThreshold” , “pcInsideGroupAboveThreshold” , “pcInsideGroupAmountOffsetAboveThreshold” and its value, based on a value of the “pcEventType” parameter.
[0190] Referring to Configuration Information Abstract Syntax (1) shown above, the “pcEventType” parameter may carry information used to identify the type of power consumption event to be monitored by a network device (e.g., terrestrial TRP) to determine whether a power consumption event has occurred. In Configuration Information Abstract Syntax (1) , possible values of the “pcEventType” parameter are “pcAboveThreshold” , “pcAmountOffsetAboveThreshold” , “pcInsideGroupAboveThreshold” , and “pcInsideGroupAmountOffsetAboveThreshold” . The “pcAboveThreshold” may be indicative of a measured power consumption is above a threshold for a single TRP, the “pcAmountOffsetAboveThreshold” may be indicative of an amount of offset of power consumption above a threshold for a single TRP, the “pcInsideGroupAboveThreshold” may be indicative of a measured power consumption that is above a threshold for a group of terrestrial TRPs, and the “pcInsideGroupAmountOffsetAboveThreshold” may be indicative of an amount of offset of power consumption above a threshold for a group of terrestrial TRPs.
[0191] The “pcThreshold” parameter may carry a value to set the threshold against which the network device will compare the power consumption event, the unit may be in e.g. Joules (if “reportQuantity” is set to energy) or Joules per second (if “reportQuantity” is set to power) . In Configuration Information Abstract Syntax (1) , possible values of “pcThreshold” are integer numbers between 10 and 10000000000.
[0192] The “pcOffset” parameter may carry a value to set the offset amount by which the measured power consumption must be above the threshold in order to trigger the event. In Configuration Information Abstract Syntax (1) , possible values of “pcOffset” are integer numbers between -10000 and +10000.
[0193] The “timeDuration” parameter may carry information indicative of a time duration for which the power consumption event occurs in order to trigger transmission of the report (by the network device) . In Configuration Information Abstract Syntax (1) , possible values of “timeDuration” are 10sec, 30sec, 60sec, 600sec, and 3600sec.
[0194] The “reportPerTrp” parameter may carry information indicative of whether a given network device is allocated to (or is expected to) transmit the report when the power consumption event has occurred, for example, in a coverage area served by that network device. The value of “reportPerTrp” may also indicate whether the power consumption event has occurred, for example, in a coverage area served by that network device. In Configuration Information Abstract Syntax (1) , “reportPerTrp” is a Boolean parameter, and therefore possible values of “reportPerTrp” may be “true” and “false” (or “0” and “1” ; or “TRUE” and “FALSE” ) .
[0195] The “reportQuantity” parameter may carry a value to set the report quantity for Power Consumption. In Configuration Information Abstract Syntax (1) , possible values of “reportQuantity” are power or energy.
[0196] It should be noted that Configuration Information Abstract Syntax (1) described above is just an example of configuration information abstract or configuration information template upon which the configuration information for power consumption event reporting may be based. Other configuration information abstracts or configuration information templates may include one or more other parameters that are not described above, and / or one or more parameters shown in Configuration Information Abstract Syntax (1) may not be included in the other configuration information abstract or template. Further, the other configuration information abstracts or configuration information templates may include one or more parameters that are same as those included in Configuration Information Abstract Syntax (1) but may have different possible values than those shown above for Configuration Information Abstract Syntax (1) .
[0197] An example of the configuration information based on Configuration Information Abstract Syntax (1) with particular parameter values is shown below as Configuration Information (1) :
[0198] 1> PowerConsEventReportConfig = {
[0199] 2> pcEventType = pcAboveThreshold,
[0200] 2> pcThreshold = 1000000,
[0201] 2> timeDuration = 60sec,
[0202] 2> reportPerTrp = true,
[0203] 2> reportQuantity = power
[0204] 1> }
[0205] Configuration Information (1)
[0206] As shown above, Configuration Information (1) configures a network device to monitor throughput served by the network device and determine whether a power consumption event has occurred (e.g., the measured served throughput exceeds the served throughput threshold “pcThreshold” for the time duration “timeDuration” configured in Configuration Information (1) ) , for example, in a coverage area served by the network device. According to Configuration Information (1) , the network device is triggered to transmit a report when the measured power exceeds 1000000 Joules for at least 1 minute. In other words, it is considered that a power consumption event has occurred when the measured power exceeds 1000000 Joules for at least 1 minute.
[0207] In some implementations, the network device may transmit, to a serving cell, a report indicating a certain power consumption event has occurred, for example, in the coverage area served by the network device. The network device may transmit the power consumption event report when one or more conditions indicating the power consumption event has occurred are satisfied. The network device may determine whether the one or more conditions indicating the power consumption event has occurred are satisfied based on the configuration information (e.g., Configuration Information (1) ) received from the serving cell.
[0208] In some implementations, the power consumption event report may be an information element (IE) (an example of such an IE may be titled “PowerConsReport” ) . An example of an abstract or a template for the report (or the power consumption event report) is described below as Power Consumption Report Abstract Syntax (1) , using ASN. 1:
[0209] 1> PowerConsReport : : = SEQUENCE {
[0210] 2> trpIdentity INTEGER (0. . 4095) ,
[0211] 2> pcEventType ENUMERATED {pcAboveThreshold, pcAmountOffsetAboveThreshold, pcInsideGroupAboveThreshold, pcInsideGroupAmountOffsetAboveThreshold} ,
[0212] 2> measPowerCons INTEGER (0. . 1000000000) ,
[0213] 2> carrierFrequency INTEGER (0. . 10000000)
[0214] 1> }
[0215] Power Consumption Event Report Abstract Syntax (1)
[0216] In some implementations, Power Consumption Report Abstract Syntax (1) or the power consumption event report abstract (or power consumption event report template) may include a “pcEventType” one or more one of “pcAboveThreshold” , “pcAmountOffsetAboveThreshold” , “pcInsideGroupAboveThreshold” , and pcInsideGroupAmountOffsetAboveThreshold, based on a value of the “pcEventType” parameter in the configuration information received from the serving cell.
[0217] Referring to Power Consumption Event Report Abstract Syntax (1) shown above, the “trpIdentity” parameter may carry information identifying a network device (e.g., terrestrial TRP) , such as a physical layer identity of the network device. According to Power Consumption Report Abstract Syntax (1) , a possible value of “trpIdentity” parameter may be an integer between 0 and 4095.
[0218] The “measPowerCons” parameter may carry information indicative of a measured power consumption by the network device. According to Power Consumption Event Report Abstract Syntax (1) , a possible value of the “measPowerCons” parameter may be integer numbers between 0 and 10000000000.
[0219] The “carrierFrequency” parameter may carry information indicative of a carrier frequency of traffic in which a given metric is measured or monitored by the network device. For example, the “carrierFrequency” parameter may be a carrier frequency in which power consumption is measured or monitored by a terrestrial TRP. In Power Consumption Event Report Abstract Syntax (1) , a value of the “carrierFrequency” parameter may be an integer and may be understood in terms of a unit “megahertz” (MHz) . In Power Consumption Event Report Abstract Syntax (1) , a possible value of the “carrierFrequency” parameter may be an integer between 1 and 10000000. More generally, in some power consumption event report abstracts (or templates) such a parameter denotes a carrier frequency and may be expressed in other units than MHz.
[0220] It should be noted that Power Consumption Event Report Abstract Syntax (1) described above is just an example of power consumption event report abstract or power consumption event report template upon which the power consumption event report may be based. Other power consumption event report abstracts or power consumption event report templates may include one or more other parameters that are not described above, and / or one or more parameters shown in Power Consumption Event Report Abstract Syntax (1) may not be included in the other power consumption event report abstract or template. Further, the other power consumption event report abstracts or power consumption event report templates may include one or more parameters that are same as those included in Power Consumption Event Report Abstract Syntax (1) but may have different possible values than those shown above for Power Consumption Event Report Abstract Syntax (1) .
[0221] FIG. 9 illustrates an example of power consumption event reporting by network devices based on configuration information received from a serving cell, in accordance with embodiments of the present disclosure. The network 900 includes a first network device 901, a second network device 911, a third network device 921, and a serving cell represented by the non-terrestrial network device 902. The first, second and third network devices 901, 911, and 921 may be terrestrial TRPs, and the serving cell represented by the non-terrestrial network device 902 may be a non-terrestrial TRP.
[0222] Referring to FIG. 9, the first network device 901 may serve a first coverage area 903 on which one or more UEs 905 may camp. The UEs may also be machine-types devices such as smart-meters, smart-traffic lights, and / or any other devices that may be considered internet of things (IoT) devices. Similarly, the second network device 911 may serve a second coverage area 913 on which one or more UEs 915 may camp and the third network device 921 may serve a third coverage area 923 on which one or more UEs 925 may camp. The serving cell represented by the non-terrestrial network device 902 includes a coverage area 908 that encompasses the coverage areas 903, 913 and 923 of the first network device 901, second network device 911, and third network device 921.
[0223] As shown in FIG. 9, the first network device 901, the second network device 911 and the third network device 921 may be communicatively connected to the serving cell represented by the non-terrestrial network device 902. The first network device 901 may receive configuration information from the serving cell represented by the non-terrestrial network device 902 via a downward link 906d and transmit a power consumption event report to the serving cell represented by the non-terrestrial network device 902 via an upward link 906u. Similarly, the second network device 911 may receive configuration information from the serving cell represented by the non-terrestrial network device 902 via a downward link 916d and transmit a power consumption event report to the serving cell represented by the non-terrestrial network device 902 via an upward link 916u and the third network device 921 may receive configuration information from the serving cell represented by the non-terrestrial network device 902 via a downward link 926d and transmit a power consumption event report to the serving cell represented by the non-terrestrial network device 902 via an upward link 926u.
[0224] In some implementations, the first network device 901, the second network device 911 and the third network device 921 may receive Configuration Information (1) from the serving cell represented by the non-terrestrial network device 902 via downward links 906d, 916d and 926d, respectively. Based on Configuration Information (1) , the first network device 901, the second network device 911 and the third network device 921 may be configured to monitor power used by the network devices 901, 911 and 921, respectively. In a particular example regarding a power consumption event as described above, each of the first network device 901, the second network device 911, and the third network device 921 may be triggered to transmit a power consumption event report when the measured power exceeds 1M Joules for at least 1 minute. In other words, each of the first network device 901, the second network device 911, and the third network device 921 may be considered experiencing a power consumption event when the measured power exceeds 1M Joules for at least 1 minute. However, it should be understood that the threshold value (s) defining a power consumption event may be different for different network device (s) that received different configuration information (i.e., configuration information different from Configuration Information (1) ) , as opposed to the same threshold value as described above.
[0225] In a particular example of described FIG. 9, when the served throughput measured by the second network device 911 exceeds 1M Joules for at least 1 minute, the second network device 911 may transmit, to the serving cell represented by the non-terrestrial network device 902 via the upward link 916u, a report indicating that a power consumption event has occurred. An example of the report transmitted by the second network device 911 is shown below as Power Consumption Event Report (1) :
[0226] 1> PowerConsReport : : = SEQUENCE {
[0227] 2> trpIdentity 45,
[0228] 2> pcEventType pcAboveThreshold,
[0229] 2> measPowerCons 1004075,
[0230] 2> carrierFrequency 30000
[0231] 1> }
[0232] Power Consumption Event Report
[0233] The terrestrial TRP with the green coverage area sends a report where the “trpIdentity” field is set to the value 45, the “pcEventType” field is set to the value of “pcAboveThreshold” , the “measPowerCons” field is set to the value of 1004075 and the “carrierFrequency” field is set to the value of 30000 (i.e. 30 GHz) .
[0234] In some implementations, Power-Off commands using Power-Off bits embedded within a binary sequence of reference signals are transmitted by a serving cell, which may be a non-terrestrial TRP in some embodiments, to one or more terrestrial device, which may be a terrestrial TRPs. The one or more terrestrial devices monitor for reference signals from the serving cell, for example a non-terrestrial TRP operating in a given constellation. In some implementations, the serving cell transmits synchronization reference signals based on Gold sequences. The terrestrial devices are configured in logical groups and within each group terrestrial devices are configured with logical identities, for example, integer values in the range of {0, …, 99} .
[0235] In some implementations, the “Power-Off Commands” (POffC) are generated using M bits, where M is an integer number of bits which satisfies the following relation: M = M0 + M1 + M2, where M0, M1 and M2 are integer values. In a particular example, M0 has a bitwidth of 2, M1 has a bitwidth of 2 and M2 has a bitwidth of 3. However, it is understood that the bitwidths of M0, M1 and M2 could be otherwise than indicated in the preceding example.
[0236] Parameter M0 corresponds to the transmit power at which the network device is supposed to transmit. Different values of M0 correspond to different transmit powers. In a particular example, M0 includes values in the set of pairs of bits of {00, 01, 10, 11} , where “00” is a dummy value, “01” corresponds to 25%of a maximum transmit power, “10” corresponds to 50%of the maximum transmit power and “11” corresponds to 100%of the maximum transmit power. However, it is understood that the transmit values allocated to the different bit values could be otherwise than indicated in the preceding example.
[0237] Parameter M1 corresponds to a time duration the POffC may be applied for. Different values of M1 correspond to different time durations. In a particular example, M1 includes values in the set of pairs of bits of {00, 01, 10, 11} , where “00” is a dummy value, “01” corresponds to a time duration of 1 minute, “10” corresponds to a time duration of 10 minutes and “11” corresponds to a time duration of 1 hour. However, it is understood that the time duration values allocated to the different bit values could be otherwise than indicated in the preceding example.
[0238] Parameter M2 corresponds to functions that a network device may turn off, in support of the UEs the network device is serving. In a particular example, M2 includes values in the set of bits of {000, 001, 010, 011, 100, 101, 110, 111} , where “000” is a dummy value, “001” indicates that the network device is instructed to turn off data transmission towards the UEs it is serving, “010” indicates the network device is instructed to turn off data transmission and Beam Management, “011” indicates the network device is instructed to turn off data transmission, Beam Management and Radio Link Monitoring, “100” indicates the network device is instructed to turn off data transmission, Beam Management, Radio Link Monitoring and Radio Resource Management, “101” indicates the network device is instructed to turn off data transmission, Beam Management, Radio Link Monitoring, Radio Resource Management and Paging, “110” indicates the network device is instructed to turn off data transmission, Beam Management, Radio Link Monitoring, Radio Resource Management, Paging and System Information transmission, and “111” indicates that the network device is instructed to turn off all radio functions.
[0239] FIG. 10A illustrates an example where a serving cell, which may be a non-terrestrial TRP, transmits Primary Synchronization Signals (PSS) to network devices, which may be terrestrial TRPs, on the ground. FIG. 10A illustrates a network 1000 includes a first network device 1001, a second network device 1011, a third network device 1021, and a serving cell represented by the non-terrestrial network device 1002. The first, second and third network devices 1001, 1011, and 1021 may be terrestrial TRPs, and the serving cell represented by the non-terrestrial network device 1002 may be a non-terrestrial TRP. Each of the first network device 1001, second network device 1011, and third network device 1021, respectively, have a corresponding coverage area, 1003, 1013 and 1023. The serving cell represented by the non-terrestrial network device 1002 includes a coverage area 1008 that encompasses the coverage areas 1003, 1013 and 1023 of the first network device 1001, second network device 1011, and third network device 1021.
[0240] In some implementations, the different network devices are configured to monitor for PSS located in different time locations.
[0241] FIG. 10A also includes a representation of the three PSS 1004, 1014 and 1024 that may be transmitted by the serving cell represented by the non-terrestrial network device 1002 to each of the first network device 1001, second network device 1011, and third network device 1021, respectively. FIG. 10B provides another representation of the three PSS signals 1004, 1014, and 1024 as well as a representation of what the binary data in each PSS is instructing the respective network device to perform.
[0242] The first network device 1001 receives POffC bits “1001000” in PSS 1004. These POffC bits include the M1, M2 and M3 groups of bits as described above. This is a Power-Off Command which instructs the first network device 1001 to set its transmission power to 50%of its maximum transmission power, the Power-Off Command is applied for a duration of 1 minute and the first network device 1001 is expected to perform all of its transmission functions as normal.
[0243] The second network device 1011 receives POffC bits “0110100” in PSS 1014. This is a Power-Off Command which instructs the second network device 1011 to set its transmission power to 25%of its maximum transmission power, the Power-Off Command is applied for a duration of 10 minutes and the second network device 1011 is expected to turn off the functions of data transmission, Beam Management, Radio Link Monitoring and Radio Resource Management.
[0244] The third network device 1021 receives POffC bits “0011111” in PSS 1024. This is a Power-Off Command which instructs the third network device 1021 to turn off all radio functions for a duration of 1 hour. The first two bits are a dummy command which are effectively over-ridden by the last 3 bits and the result is that the third network device 1021 sets its transmission power to 0.
[0245] It should be noted that this embodiment is showing only three network devices on the ground where each network device monitors for PSS transmitted at different times. However groups of network devices may be configured to monitor for the same PSS and that would lead to the group of network devices to apply the same Power-Off Command at the same time, this mechanism may allow the serving cell to address multiple network devices on the ground at the same time.
[0246] In some implementations, Power-On commands using Power-On bits embedded within the binary sequence of reference signals are transmitted by the serving cell. The network devices monitor for reference signals from the serving cell, which may be represented by a non-terrestrial TRP operating in a given constellation. In some implementations, the serving cell transmits synchronization reference signals based on Gold sequences. The network devices are configured in logical groups and within each group network devices are configured with logical identities, for example, integer values in the range of {0, …, 99} .
[0247] In some implementations, “Power-On Commands” (POnC) are generated using M bits, where M is an integer number of bits which satisfies the following relation: M = M0 + M1 + M2 + M3, where M0, M1, M2 and M3 are integer values. In a particular example, M0 has a bitwidth of 2, M1 has a bitwidth of 2, M2 has a bitwidth of 3, and M3 has a bitwidth of 2. However, it is understood that the bitwidths of M0, M1, M2 and M3 could be otherwise than indicated in the preceding example.
[0248] Parameter M0 corresponds to the transmit power at which the network device is supposed to transmit. Different values of M0 correspond to different transmit powers. In a particular example, M0 includes values in the set of pairs of bits of {00, 01, 10, 11} , where “00” is a dummy value, “01” corresponds to 25%of a maximum transmit power, “10” corresponds to 50%of the maximum transmit power and “11” corresponds to 100%of the maximum transmit power. However, it is understood that the transmit values allocated to the different bit values could be otherwise than indicated in the preceding example.
[0249] Parameter M1 corresponds to a time duration the POnC may be applied for. Different values of M1 correspond to different time durations. In a particular example, M1 includes values in the set of pairs of bits of {00, 01, 10, 11} , where “00” is a dummy value, “01” corresponds to a time duration of 1 minute, “10” corresponds to a time duration of 10 minutes and “11” corresponds to a time duration of 1 hour. However, it is understood that the time duration values allocated to the different bit values could be otherwise than indicated in the preceding example.
[0250] Parameter M2 corresponds to functions that a terrestrial TRP may turn off, in support of the UEs it is serving. In a particular example, M2 includes values in the set of bits of {000, 001, 010, 011, 100, 101, 110, 111} , where “000” is an unused value, “001” indicates that the network device is instructed to turn on data transmission towards the UEs it is serving, “010” indicates the network device is instructed to turn on data transmission and Beam Management, “011” indicates the network device is instructed to turn on data transmission, Beam Management and Radio Link Monitoring, “100” indicates the network device is instructed to turn on data transmission, Beam Management, Radio Link Monitoring and Radio Resource Management, “101” indicates the network device is instructed to turn on data transmission, Beam Management, Radio Link Monitoring, Radio Resource Management and Paging, “110” indicates the network device is instructed to turn on data transmission, Beam Management, Radio Link Monitoring, Radio Resource Management, Paging and System Information transmission, and “111” indicates that the network device is instructed to turn on all radio functions.
[0251] Parameter M3 corresponds to the Power-On function, and its purpose is to differentiate the Power-Off Command from the Power-On Command. If the binary sequence length of the Power-Off Command and Power-On Command were the same, then the network device would not be able to tell the difference between the two commands and a command would be open to misinterpretation. The bits for M3 are added to provide different binary sequence lengths which the terrestrial TRPs may use to differentiate Power-Off and Power-On Commands and avoid any kind of misinterpretation during detection and decoding.
[0252] FIG. 11A illustrates an example where a non-terrestrial TRP transmits Primary Synchronization Signals (PSS) to terrestrial TRPs on the ground. FIG. 11A illustrates a network 1100 includes a first network device 1101, a second network device 1111, a third network device 1121, and a serving cell represented by the non-terrestrial network device 1002. The first, second and third network devices 1101, 1111, and 1121 may be terrestrial TRPs, and the serving cell represented by the non-terrestrial network device 1102 may be a non-terrestrial TRP. Each of the first network device 1101, second network device 1111, and third network device 1021, respectively, have a corresponding coverage area, 1103, 1113 and 1123. The serving cell represented by the non-terrestrial network device 1102 include a coverage area 1108 that encompasses the coverage areas 1103, 1113 and 1123 of the first network device 1101, second network device 1111, and third network device 1121.
[0253] In some implementations, the different network devices are configured to monitor for PSS located in different time locations.
[0254] FIG. 11A also includes a representation of the three PSS 1104, 1114 and 1124 that may be transmitted by the serving cell represented by the non-terrestrial network device 1102 to each of the first network device 1101, second network device 1111, and third network device 1121, respectively. FIG. 11B provides another representation of the three PSS signals 1104, 1114, and 1124 as well as a representation of what the binary data in each PSS is instructing the respective network device to perform.
[0255] Due to the presence of two additional bits ( “11” in each of the three PSS) in the PSS sequence, the network device interprets the fields of the Power-On Command in the manner described below.
[0256] The first network device TRP 1101 receives POnC bits “1110111” in PSS 1104. These POnC bits include the M1, M2 and M3 groups of bits as described above. This is a Power-On Command which instructs the first network device 1101 to set its transmission power to 100%of its maximum transmission power, the Power-On Command is applied for a duration of 10 minutes and the first network device 1101 is expected to turn on all radio functions and is expected to perform all of its transmission functions as normal.
[0257] The second network device 1111 receives POnC bits “1111111” in PSS 1114. This is a Power-On Command which instructs the second network device 1111 to set its transmission power to 100%of its maximum transmission power, the Power-On Command is applied for a duration of 60 minutes and the second network device 1111 is expected to turn on all radio functions and is expected to perform all of its transmission functions as normal.
[0258] The third terrestrial TRP 1121 receives POnC bits “1101111” in PSS 1124. This is a Power-On Command which instructs the third network device 1121 to turn on all radio functions for a duration of 1 minute. The first two bits are a dummy command which are effectively over-ridden by the last 3 bits and the result is that the third network device 1121 is expected to turn on all radio functions and is expected to perform all of its transmission functions as normal.
[0259] It should be noted that this embodiment is showing only three network devices on the ground where each network device monitors for PSS transmitted at different times. However groups of network devices may be configured to monitor for the same PSS and that would lead to a group of network devices to apply the same Power-On Command at the same time. This would allow the serving cell to address multiple network devices on the ground at the same time.
[0260] In some implementations, Power-On commands are transmitted using RRC signaling. The serving cell uses the RRC protocol to communicate higher-layer signaling to network devices on the ground. Other protocols or layers achieving the same purpose may be use in other embodiments.
[0261] The serving cell transmits Power Consumption commands to network devices for the purpose of power savings, so that different network devices may operate at different transmission powers. A Power Consumption command may carry information regarding the transmission power at which the network device is expected to operate. An example using abstract syntax notation 1 (ASN. 1) is provided below:
[0262] 1> PowerConsCommand : : = SEQUENCE {
[0263] 2> trpTxPower INTEGER (-30.. 60) ,
[0264] 2> pcCommand: : = SEQUENCE {
[0265] 3> commandType ENUMERATED {on, off} ,
[0266] 3> functions ENUMERATED {data, bm, csi, rlm, rrm, pag, si, all}
[0267] 2> } ,
[0268] 2> timeDuration ENUMERATED {10sec, 30sec, 60sec, 600sec, 3600sec} ,
[0269] 2> carrierFrequency INTEGER (0. . 10000000)
[0270] 1> }
[0271] The “trpTxpower” field carries an integer value to indicate the transmission power of the network device. In some implementations the field expresses a power in the unit of decibels. Possible values of “trpTxpower” are integers between -30 and + 60.
[0272] The “pcCommand” field carries two further parameters. The first parameter is the “commandType” field which carries a value to indicate whether this command is a Power-On or Power-Off command. Possible values of the “commandType” field include “on” or “off” . The second parameter is the “functions” field which carries one or more values which indicate which functions are to be turned on or off. Possible values of the “functions” field include data, beam management (bm) , channel state information (csi) , radio link management (rlm) , radio resource management (RRM) , paging (pag) , system information (si) , or all of the previously identified functions.
[0273] The “timeDuration” parameter may carry information indicative of a time duration for which the Power Consumption command is supposed to be applied (by the network device) . Possible values of “timeDuration” are 10sec, 30sec, 60sec, 600sec, and 3600sec.
[0274] The “carrierFrequency” parameter may carry information indicative of a carrier frequency of traffic in which a given metric is measured or monitored by the network device. For example, the “carrierFrequency” parameter may be a carrier frequency in which power consumption is measured or monitored by a terrestrial TRP. A value of the “carrierFrequency” parameter may be an integer and may be understood in terms of a unit “megahertz” (MHz) . Possible values of the “carrierFrequency” parameter may be an integer between 1 and 10000000. More generally, such a parameter denotes a carrier frequency and could be expressed in other units than MHz.
[0275] In some embodiment, the Power Saving Commands that a serving cell may transmit to a network device on the ground are dedicated control channels (i.e. the serving cell transmits a given command to a given network device) . The network devices are deployed as a group as per an operator’s plans and are under the coverage of the serving cell, which may be one or more non-terrestrial TRPs in a satellite constellation.
[0276] FIG. 12A illustrates an example where a serving cell transmits the Power Saving Command to terrestrial TRPs on the ground. FIG. 12A illustrates a network 1200 includes a first network device 1201, a second network device 1211, a third network device 1221, and a serving cell represented by the non-terrestrial network device 1202. The first, second and third network devices 1201, 1211, and 1221 may be terrestrial TRPs, and the serving cell represented by the non-terrestrial network device 1202 may be a non-terrestrial TRP. Each of the first network device 1201, second network device 1211, and third network device 1221, respectively, have a corresponding coverage area, 1203, 1213 and 1223. The serving cell represented by the non-terrestrial network device 1202 include a coverage area 1208 that encompasses the coverage areas 1203, 1213 and 1223 of the first network device 1201, second network device 1211, and third network device 1221.
[0277] In some implementations, the different network devices are configured to monitor for Power Saving Commands located in different time locations.
[0278] FIG. 12B provides a representation of three Power Saving Command signals 1204, 1214, and 1224.
[0279] The first network device 1201 receives a Power Consumption command 1204 and sets its transmission power to 30 dB, turns off data transmission and beam management functions towards the UEs it is serving at the carrier frequency of 30 GHz for a time duration of 10 minutes.
[0280] The second network device 1211 receives a Power Consumption command 1214 and sets its transmission power to 20 dB, turns off data transmission, beam management and radio link monitoring functions towards the UEs it is serving at the carrier frequency of 30 GHz for a time duration of 1 minute.
[0281] The third network device 1221 receives its Power Consumption command 1224 and set its transmission power to -30 dB, turns off all radio functions towards the UEs it is serving at the carrier frequency of 30 GHz for a time duration of 1 hour.
[0282] It should be noted that this embodiment is showing only three network devices on the ground where each network device monitors for its own Power Consumption command from the serving cell. However groups of network devices may receive common RRC signaling and that would lead to the group of terrestrial TRPs to apply the same Power Consumption Command at the same time. This may allow the servng cell to address multiple network devices on the ground at the same time.
[0283] It should also be noted that wheile the three Power Consumption commands 1204, 1214 and 1224 are directed to turning functions “off” , other embodiments for Power Consumption Commands may turn network devices “on” by setting the “commandType” field to the value “on” .
[0284] In some implementations, Power-On commands are transmitted using downlink control information (DCI) signaling. The serving cell may use a physical layer control channel to communicate Power Consumption signaling to network devices on the ground. As an example, a Power Saving Control Information (PSCI) format message is transmitted by serving cell towards network devices on the ground. These PSCI format messages may be appended with a cyclic redundancy code (CRC) for error detection purposes and the CRC may be further scrambled with a unicast / multicast / broadcast radio network temporary identifier (RNTI) in order to make the PSCI format apply to a specific network device, a group of network devices or all the network devices under the coverage of the serving cell. The PSCI format may contain one or more of the fields below.
[0285] 1) “CommandType” field which is a 1-bit field indicating whether this is a Power-On command or a Power-Off command.
[0286] 2) “Functions” field which is a n-bit field, where n is an integer number, which indicates which radio functions the network device should turn on or off.
[0287] 3) “TrpTxPower” field which is a n-bit field, where n is an integer number, which indicates the transmission power of the network device in a quantized manner, where different values correspond to different transmission powers.
[0288] 4) “TimeDuration” field which is a n-bit field, where n is an integer number, which indicates the time duration for which the Power Consumption command is supposed to be applied.
[0289] 5) “CarrierFreq” field which is a n-bit field, where n is an integer number, which indicates the carrier frequency at which the Power Consumption command is supposed to be applied.
[0290] Other fields may be added to the PSCI format, depending on the context for network power saving. In one example, a DCI format may be dedicated for the purpose of Power Consumption when network devices are configured to monitor for logical control channels carrying DCI formats for Power Consumption. In another example, existing DCI format messages may be reused for Power Consumption by re-interpreting an existing field of a DCI format message in a way that is compatible for Power Consumption.
[0291] In some implementations, the configuration information may be for energy consumption event reporting. Energy consumption event reporting may be an information element (IE) (an example of a such an IE may be titled “EnergyConsEventReporting” ) , which may be carried in higher-layer signaling (e.g., RRC signaling) . The configuration information may indicate metric (s) that may be monitored and used to determine whether an energy consumption event has occurred. An example of an abstract or a template for such configuration information is described below as Configuration Information Abstract Syntax (2) , using abstract syntax notation 1 (ASN. 1) :
[0292] 1> EnergyConsEventReportConfig : : = SEQUENCE {
[0293] 2> ecEventType ENUMERATED {ecAboveThreshold, ecAmountOffsetAboveThreshold, ecInsideGroupAboveThreshold, ecInsideGroupAmountOffsetAboveThreshold, energyCreditAboveThreshold, energyCreditInsideGroupAboveThreshold, maxEnergyCreditExpired, maxEnergyCreditInsideGroupExpired} ,
[0294] 2> ecThreshold INTEGER (10. . 10000000000) ,
[0295] 2> ecOffset INTEGER (-10000. . 10000) ,
[0296] 2> timeDuration ENUMERATED {10sec, 30sec, 60sec, 600sec, 3600sec} ,
[0297] 2> maxEnergyCredit INTEGER (10. . 10000000000) ,
[0298] 2> reportPerTrp BOOLEAN,
[0299] 2> reportQuantity ENUMERATED {energy, energyCredit}
[0300] 1>
[0301] Configuration Information Abstract Syntax (2)
[0302] In some implementations, Configuration Information Abstract Syntax (2) or the configuration information abstract (or configuration information template) may include one or more of “ecAboveThreshold” , “ecAmountOffsetAboveThreshold” , “ecInsideGroupAboveThreshold” , “ecInsideGroupAmountOffsetAboveThreshold” , “energyCreditAboveThreshold” , “energyCreditInsideGroupAboveThreshold” , “maxEnergyCreditExpired” , “maxEnergyCreditInsideGroupExpired” and its value, based on a value of the “ecEventType” parameter. In some implementations, an “Energy Credit” may be defined as a number which may correspond to a given energy consumption. In a first example, one Energy Credit may be defined such that the Energy Credit corresponds to an energy consumption (by e.g. a terrestrial TRP) of 1000 Joules. In a second example, one Energy Credit may be defined such that the Energy Credit corresponds to an energy consumption (by e.g. a group of terrestrial TRPs) of 1000 Joules. In a third example, one Energy Credit may be defined such that the Energy Credit corresponds to an energy consumption (by e.g. a terrestrial TRP) of 1000 Joules for a duration of one second. In a fourth example: one Energy Credit may be defined such that the Energy Credit corresponds to an energy consumptions (by e.g. a group of terrestrial TRPs) of 1000 Joules for a duration of one second. In a fifth example, one Energy Credit may be defined such that the Energy Credit corresponds to an energy consumption (by e.g. a terrestrial TRP) of 1000 Joules per second for a duration of 1 hour. In a sixth example, one Energy Credit may be defined such that the Energy Credit corresponds to an energy consumption (by e.g. a group of terrestrial TRPs) of a 1000 Joules per second for a duration of 1 hour. In a seventh example, one Energy Credit may be defined such that the Energy Credit corresponds to an energy consumption (by e.g. a terrestrial TRP) of 1 billion electron-volts (eV) . In an eighth example, one Energy Credit may be defined such that the Energy Credit corresponds to an energy consumption (by e.g. a group of terrestrial TRPs) of a 1 billion electron-volts (eV) . Other values or definitions may be envisioned and contemplated for energy credits. An Energy credit may also be referred to as “Energy quantum” , “Energy moni” and / or other similar terms.
[0303] In some implementations, network devices such as terrestrial TRPs may have so-called “Energy Credits accounts” which are used by the network devices (e.g., terrestrial TRPs) to hold and / or store Energy Credits. In some examples, Energy Credits may be associated with a given type of network slice, e.g. enhanced Mobile Broadband (eMBB) , ultra reliable low latency communications (URLLC) , massive machine type communications (mMTC) , public safety, etc. In further examples, Energy Credits accounts may be associated with a given type of network slice, e.g. eMBB, URLLC, mMTC, Public Safety. In further examples, network devices’ energy credits accounts such as terrestrial TRPs may be configured using e.g. higher layer signaling (e.g., RRC signaling) .
[0304] Referring to Configuration Information Abstract Syntax (2) shown above, the “ecEventType” parameter may carry information used to identify the type of energy consumption event to be monitored by a network device (e.g., terrestrial TRP) to determine whether an energy consumption event has occurred. In Configuration Information Abstract Syntax (2) , possible values of the “ecEventType” parameter are “ecAboveThreshold” , “ecAmountOffsetAboveThreshold” , “ecInsideGroupAboveThreshold” , “ecInsideGroupAmountOffsetAboveThreshold” , “energyCreditAboveThreshold” , “energyCreditInsideGroupAboveThreshold” , “maxEnergyCreditExpired” and “maxEnergyCreditInsideGroupExpired” . The “ecAboveThreshold” may be indicative of a measured energy consumption is above a threshold for a particular terrestrial device, the “ecAmountOffsetAboveThreshold” may be indicative of a measured energy consumption that is an amount of offset above a threshold for a particular terrestrial device, the “ecInsideGroupAboveThreshold” may be indicative of a measured energy consumption is above a threshold for a group of terrestrial TRPs, the “ecInsideGroupAmountOffsetAboveThreshold” may be indicative of an measured energy consumption that is an amount of offset above a threshold for a group of terrestrial TRPs, the “energyCreditAboveThreshold” may be indicative of a measured energy credit usage that has exceeded a threshold, the “energyCreditInsideGroupAboveThreshold” may be indicative of a measured energy credit usage that has exceeded a threshold for a group of terrestrial TRPs, the “maxEnergyCreditExpired” may be indicative of a measured energy credit usage that has exceeded the maximum energy credit usage and the “maxEnergyCreditInsideGroupExpired” may be indicative of a measured energy credit usage for a group of terrestrial TRPs that has exceeded the maximum energy credit usage.
[0305] The “ecThreshold” parameter may carry a value to set the threshold against which the network device will compare the energy consumption event, the unit may be in e.g. Joules (if “reportQuantity” is set to energy) or units of Energy Credits (if “reportQuantity” is set to energyCredit) . In Configuration Information Abstract Syntax (2) , possible values of “ecThreshold” are integer numbers between 10 and 10000000000.
[0306] The “ecOffset” parameter may carry a value to set the offset amount by which the measured energy consumption must be above the threshold in order to trigger the event. In Configuration Information Abstract Syntax (2) , possible values of “ecOffset” are integer numbers between -10000 and +10000.
[0307] The “timeDuration” parameter may carry information indicative of a time duration for which the energy consumption event occurs in order to trigger transmission of the report (by the network device) . In Configuration Information Abstract Syntax (2) , possible values of “timeDuration” are 10sec, 30sec, 60sec, 600sec, and 3600sec.
[0308] The “maxEnergyCredit” parameter may carry information indicative of a number of maximum energy credits that e.g. a network device such as a terrestrial TRP is configured to use for the purpose of wireless communications (e.g. transmitting and / or receiving physical layer channels and / or signals over the air) . In Configuration Information Abstract Syntax (2) , possible values of “maxEnergyCredit” may be integer numbers between 10 and 10000000000.
[0309] The “reportPerTrp” parameter may carry information indicative of whether a given network device is allocated to (or is expected to) transmit the report when the energy consumption event has occurred, for example, in a coverage area served by that network device. The value of “reportPerTrp” may also indicate whether the energy consumption event has occurred, for example, in a coverage area served by that network device. In Configuration Information Abstract Syntax (2) , “reportPerTrp” is a Boolean parameter, and therefore possible values of “reportPerTrp” may be “true” and “false” (or “0” and “1” ; or “TRUE” and “FALSE” ) .
[0310] The “reportQuantity” parameter may carry a value to set the report quantity for Energy Consumption. In Configuration Information Abstract Syntax (2) , possible values of “reportQuantity” are energy or energy credit.
[0311] It should be noted that Configuration Information Abstract Syntax (2) described above is just an example of configuration information abstract or configuration information template upon which the configuration information for energy consumption event reporting may be based. Other configuration information abstracts or configuration information templates may include one or more other parameters that are not described above, and / or one or more parameters shown in Configuration Information Abstract Syntax (2) may not be included in the other configuration information abstract or template. Further, the other configuration information abstracts or configuration information templates may include one or more parameters that are same as those included in Configuration Information Abstract Syntax (2) but may have different possible values than those shown above for Configuration Information Abstract Syntax (2) .
[0312] An example of the configuration information based on Configuration Information Abstract Syntax (2) with particular parameter values is shown below as) :
[0313] 1> EnergyConsEventReportConfig = {
[0314] 2> ecEventType = maxEnergyCreditExpired,
[0315] 2> maxEnergyCredit = 1000000,
[0316] 2> timeDuration = 3600sec,
[0317] 2> reportPerTrp = true,
[0318] 2> reportQuantity = energyCredit
[0319] 1> }
[0320] Configuration Information (2)
[0321] In some implementations, the energy consumption event report may be an information element (IE) about energy consumption (an example of such an IE may be titled “EnergyConsReport” ) . Energy may be expressed in e.g. Joules and Time may be expressed in e.g. seconds, which results in Watts being equal to Joules per second. An example of an abstract or a template for the report (or the energy consumption event report) is described below as Energy Consumption Report Abstract Syntax (1) , using ASN. 1:
[0322] 1> EnergyConsReport : : = SEQUENCE {
[0323] 2> trpIdentity INTEGER (0. . 4095) ,
[0324] 2> ecEventType ENUMERATED {ecAboveThreshold, ecAmountOffsetAboveThreshold, ecInsideGroupAboveThreshold, ecInsideGroupAmountOffsetAboveThreshold, energyCreditAboveThreshold, energyCreditInsideGroupAboveThreshold, maxEnergyCreditExpired, maxEnergyCreditInsideGroupExpired} ,
[0325] 2> measEnergyCons INTEGER (0. . 1000000000) ,
[0326] 2> energyCreditUse INTEGER (0. . 1000000000) ,
[0327] 2> carrierFrequency INTEGER (0. . 10000000)
[0328] 1> }
[0329] Energy Consumption Report Abstract Syntax (1)
[0330] In some implementations, Energy Consumption Report Abstract Syntax (1) or the energy consumption event report abstract may include a “ecEventType” which may be one or more one of “ecAboveThreshold” , “ecAmountOffsetAboveThreshold” , “ecInsideGroupAboveThreshold” , “ecInsideGroupAmountOffsetAboveThreshold” , “energyCreditAboveThreshold” , “energyCreditInsideGroupAboveThreshold” , “maxEnergyCreditExpired” and “maxEnergyCreditInsideGroupExpired” based on a value of the “ecEventType” parameter in the configuration information received from the serving cell.
[0331] Referring to Energy Consumption Event Report Abstract Syntax (1) shown above, the “trpIdentity” parameter may carry information identifying a network device (e.g., terrestrial TRP) , such as a physical layer identity of the network device. According to Energy Consumption Report Abstract Syntax (1) , a possible value of “trpIdentity” parameter may be an integer between 0 and 4095.
[0332] The “measEnergyCons” parameter may carry information indicative of a measured energy consumption by the network device. According to Energy Consumption Event Report Abstract Syntax (1) , a possible value of the “measEnergyCons” parameter may be integer numbers between 0 and 10000000000.
[0333] The “energyCreditUse” parameter may carry information indicative of a number of energy credits consumed by the network device. According to Energy Consumption Event Report Abstract Syntax (1) , a possible value of the “energyCreditUse” parameter may be integer numbers between 0 and 10000000000.
[0334] The “carrierFrequency” parameter may carry information indicative of a carrier frequency of traffic in which a given metric is measured or monitored by the network device. For example, the “carrierFrequency” parameter may be a carrier frequency in which energy consumption is measured or monitored by a terrestrial TRP. In Energy Consumption Event Report Abstract Syntax (1) , a value of the “carrierFrequency” parameter may be an integer and may be understood in terms of a unit “megahertz” (MHz) . Possible values of the “carrierFrequency” parameter may be an integer between 1 and 10000000. More generally, in some energy consumption event report abstracts (or templates) such a parameter denotes a carrier frequency and may be expressed in other units than MHz.
[0335] It should be noted that Energy Consumption Event Report Abstract Syntax (1) described above is just an example of energy consumption event report abstract or energy consumption event report template upon which the energy consumption event report may be based. Other energy consumption event report abstracts or energy consumption event report templates may include one or more other parameters that are not described above, and / or one or more parameters shown in Energy Consumption Event Report Abstract Syntax (1) may not be included in the other energy consumption event report abstract or template. Further, the other energy consumption event report abstracts or energy consumption event report templates may include one or more parameters that are same as those included in Energy Consumption Event Report Abstract Syntax (1) but may have different possible values than those shown above for Energy Consumption Event Report Abstract Syntax (1) .
[0336] In some implementations, the Configuration Information Abstract Syntax for Energy Consumption Event Reporting, i.e. EnergyConsEventReportConfig, may include a parameter “ecEventType” set to the value “outOfEnergyCredit” . The “outOfEnergyCredit” value may be indicative of an energy credit account that has reached the value of “zero” , i.e. the network device’s energy credit account is empty or equivalently the network device has run out of energy credits. Similarly, the Energy Consumption Report Abstract Syntax (1) , i.e. EnergyConsReport, may include a parameter “ecEventType” set to the value “outOfEnergyCredit” which may be indicative of an “Out of Energy Credit” event, i.e. the network device’s energy credit account is empty or equivalently the network device has run out of energy credits.
[0337] In some implementations, the Energy Consumption Report Abstract Syntax (1) , i.e. EnergyConsReport, may include a parameter “remainingEnergyCredits” , which may carry information indicative of a remaining number of energy credits that are still available for the network device to use, a possible value of the “remainingEnergyCredits” parameter may be integer numbers between 1 and 10000000000.
[0338] In some implementations, the Energy Consumption Report Abstract Syntax (1) , i.e. EnergyConsReport, may include a parameter “networkSlice” , which may carry information indicative of a network slice type, a possible value of the “networkSlice” parameter may be {embb, urllc, mmtc, ps} , where “embb” may be a value indicative of enhanced Mobile Broadband, “urllc” may be a value indicative of Ultra Reliable Low Latency Communications, “mmtc” may be a value indicative of massive Machine Type Communications, “ps” may be a value indicative of Public Safety.
[0339] In some implementations, the Configuration Information Abstract Syntax (1) for Energy Consumption Event Reporting Configuration may include a parameter “ecEvent” set to the value “remainingEnergyCreditBelowThreshold” . The “remainingEnergyCreditBelowThreshold” value may be indicative of an energy credit account that has reached a value below a threshold value that may be given by “ecThreshold” . The network device may sent an Energy Consumption report using the Energy Consumption Report Abstract Syntax (1) which may include a parameter “remainingEnergyCredits” , which may carry information indicative of a remaining number of energy credits that are still available for the network device to use, a possible value of the “remainingEnergyCredits” parameter may be integer numbers between 1 and 10000000000.
[0340] In some implementations, the Energy Consumptions reports sent by the network device to the non-terrestrial network device may be further transmitted to the Core Network for further processing, in order to implement network-wide energy saving policies and other policies relating to meeting carbon neutrality targets.
[0341] In some implementations, network devices such as terrestrial TRPs may maintain an internal counter called e.g. “currentEnergyCredits” which is initially configured with the value set for “maxEnergyCredit” and is decremented every unit of time (e.g. seconds) by the number of energy credits corresponding to the amount of energy that was consumed by the network device (e.g., terrestrial TRP) . In some other embodiments, network devices such as terrestrial TRPs may maintain an internal counter called e.g. “currentEnergyCredits” which is initially configured with the value set for “maxEnergyCredit” and is decremented every unit of time (e.g. seconds) by the number of energy credits corresponding to the amount of energy that was consumed by a group of network devices (e.g., a group of terrestrial TRPs that the network device (e.g., terrestrial TRP) belongs to.
[0342] Note that the expression “at least one of A or B” , as used herein, is interchangeable with the expression “A and / or B” . It refers to a list in which you may select A or B or both A and B. Similarly, “at least one of A, B, or C” , as used herein, is interchangeable with “A and / or B and / or C” or “A, B, and / or C” . It refers to a list in which you may select: A or B or C, or both A and B, or both A and C, or both B and C, or all of A, B and C. The same principle applies for longer lists having a same format.
[0343] In the disclosure, the word “a” or “an” when used in conjunction with the term “comprising” or “including” in the claims and / or the specification may mean “one” , but it is also consistent with the meaning of “one or more” , “at least one” , and “one or more than one” unless the content clearly dictates otherwise. Similarly, the word “another” may mean at least a second or more unless the content clearly dictates otherwise.
[0344] In the disclosure, the words “first” , “second” , etc., when used before a same term (e.g., ED, or an operating step) does not mean an order or a sequence of the term. For example, the “first ED” and the “second ED” , means two different EDs without specially indicated, and similarly, the “first step” and the “second step” means two different operating steps without specially indicated, but does not mean the first step have to happen before the second step. The real order depends on the logic of the two steps.
[0345] The terms “coupled” , “coupling” or “connected” as used herein can have several different meanings depending on the context in which these terms are used. For example, as used herein, the terms coupled, coupling, or connected can indicate that two elements or devices are directly connected to one another or connected to one another through one or more intermediate elements or devices via a mechanical element depending on the particular context.
[0346] The term “receive” , “detect” and “decode” as used herein can have several different meanings depending on the context in which these terms are used. For example, without special note, the term “receive” may indicate that information (e.g., DCI, or MAC-CE, RRC signaling or TB) is received successfully by the receiving node, which means the receiving side correctly detect and decode it. In this scenario, “receive” may cover “detect” and “decode” or may indicates same thing, e.g., “receive paging” means decoding paging correctly and obtaining the paging successfully, accordingly, “the receiving side does not receive paging” means the receiving side does not detect and / or decoding the paging. “paging is not received” means the receiving side tries to detect and / or decoding the paging, but not obtain the paging successfully. The term “receive” may sometimes indicate that a signal arrives at the receiving side, but does not mean the information in the signal is detected and decoded correctly, then the receiving side need perform detecting and decoding on the signal to obtain the information carried in the signal. In this scenario, “receive” , “detect” and “decode” may indicate different procedure at receiving side to obtain the information.
[0347] It should be appreciated that one or more steps of the embodiment methods provided herein may be performed by corresponding units or modules. For example, a signal may be transmitted by a transmitting unit or a transmitting module. A signal may be received by a receiving unit or a receiving module. A signal may be processed by a processing unit or a processing module. The respective units / modules may be hardware, software, or a combination thereof. For instance, one or more of the units / modules may be an integrated circuit, such as field programmable gate arrays (FPGAs) or application-specific integrated circuits (ASICs) . It will be appreciated that where the modules are software, they may be retrieved by a processor, in whole or part as needed, individually or together for processing, in single or multiple instances as required, and that the modules themselves may include instructions for further deployment and instantiation. Although a combination of features is shown in the illustrated embodiments, not all of them need to be combined to realize the benefits of various embodiments of this disclosure. In other words, a system or method designed according to an embodiment of this disclosure will not necessarily include all of the features shown in any one of the figures or all of the portions schematically shown in the figures. Moreover, selected features of one example embodiment may be combined with selected features of other example embodiments.
[0348] While this disclosure has been described with reference to illustrative embodiments, this description is not intended to be construed in a limiting sense. Various modifications and combinations of the illustrative embodiments, as well as other embodiments of the disclosure, will be apparent to persons skilled in the art upon reference to the description. It is therefore intended that the appended claims encompass any such modifications or embodiments.
Claims
1.A method for network management, comprising:receiving, by a first network device from a second network device, configuration information for configuring the first network device to determine whether to transmit a report indicating that a power consumption event has occurred.2.The method of claim 1, further comprising:determining whether one or more conditions indicating the power consumption event has occurred are satisfied based on the configuration information.3.The method of claim 2, further comprising:when the one or more conditions indicating the power consumption event has occurred are satisfied, transmitting the report.4.The method of any one of claims 1 to 3, wherein the configuration information includes at least one of:information used to identify a type of power consumption event to be monitored by the first network device;information indicative of a threshold pertaining to the type of power consumption event, the threshold to be compared with monitored data for determining whether the power consumption event has occurred;information indicative of an offset amount by which a measured power consumption is above the threshold in order to be considered a power consumption event;information indicative of a time duration for which the power consumption event occurs in order to trigger transmission of the report;information indicative of whether the first network device is allocated to transmit the report when the power consumption event has occurred;information indicative of type of measurement quantity of power consumption to be reported;information indicative of whether a group of network devices, of which the first network device is included, is allocated to transmit the report when the power consumption event has occurred; orinformation indicative of a reporting device within the group of network devices that is allocated to transmit the report when the power consumption event has occurred.5.The method of claim 4, wherein the type of power consumption event to be monitored is related to at least one of:power consumption above a threshold;power consumption amount offset above a threshold;power consumption within a group of network devices, of which the first network device is included, above a threshold; orpower consumption within a group of network devices, of which the first network device is included, amount offset above a threshold.6.The method of any one of claims 1 to 5, wherein the report includes at least one of:information identifying the first network device;information identifying a group of network devices of which the first network device is included;information indicative of a type of power consumption event measured by the first network device;information indicative of an amount of power consumption measured by the first network device; orinformation indicative of a carrier frequency of traffic monitored by the first network device.7.The method of any one of claims 1 to 6, wherein at least one of:the first network device serves a first coverage area; orthe second network device corresponds to a second coverage area.8.The method of claim 7, wherein at least one of:the first coverage area is smaller than the second coverage area;at least a portion of the first coverage area is within the second coverage area; orthe first coverage area is overlapping with the second coverage area.9.A method comprising:receiving, by a first network device from a second network device, configuration information including a power consumption command, the power consumption command indicating a power the first network device should transmit at, a duration the power is being switched on or off, and functions the first network device should turn on or off.10.The method of claim 9, wherein the configuration information including the power consumption command is received within a binary sequence of reference signals transmitted by the second network device.11.The method of claim 10, wherein the binary sequence of reference signals comprises:one or more bits indicating the power the first network device should transmit at;one or more bits indicating a duration the power is being switched on or off; andone or more bits indicating one or more functions the first network device should turn on or off.12.The method of claim 10 or 11, wherein the binary sequence of reference signals comprises:one or more bits indicating a power on function, a same number of bits not included in a power off function; orone or more bits indicating a power off function, a same number of bits not included in a power on function.13.The method of claim 9, wherein the configuration information including the power consumption command is received within radio resource control (RRC) protocol signaling from the second network device.14.The method of claim 9, wherein the configuration information including the power consumption command is received within downlink control information (DCI) from the second network device.15.The method of claim 14, further comprising:monitoring, by the first network device, a control channel carrying a control information message from the second network device, the control information message carrying the configuration information.16.The method of claim 15, wherein the control information message includes a cyclic redundancy check (CRC) scrambled with a radio network temporary identifier (RNTI) .17.The method of claim 15, wherein the control channel is a control channel dedicated to the first network device.18.The method of any one of claims 9 to 17, wherein at least one of:the first network device serves a first coverage area; orthe second network device serves a second coverage area.19.The method of claim 18, wherein at least one of:the first coverage area is smaller than the second coverage area;at least a portion of the first coverage area is within the second coverage area; orthe first coverage area is overlapping with the second coverage area.20.The method of any one of claims 1 to 8 or 9 to 19, wherein the first network device is a first terrestrial transmission and receive point (T-TRP) .21.The method of any one of claims 1 to 8 or 9 to 20, wherein the second network device is a non-terrestrial transmission and receive point (NT-TRP) .22.The method of claim 21, wherein the first network device transmits the report to the second network device or another NT-TRP that is different from the NT-TRP acting as the second network device.23.The method of claim 22, wherein the second network device and the other NT-TRP are:located in a same orbit; orlocated in different orbits that each provide coverage to the first network device.24.A network device comprising:a processor; anda computer-readable medium having stored thereon, computer executable instructions, that when executed cause the processor to perform the method of any one of claims 1 to 8 and 9 to 23.25.A method for network management, comprising:transmitting, by a first network device to a second network device, the first serving cell, configuration information for configuring the second network device to determine whether to transmit a report indicating that a power consumption event has occurred in a network served by the second network device.26.The method of claim 25, further comprising:receiving the report, when the second network device has determined that one or more conditions indicating the power consumption event has occurred are satisfied based on the configuration information.27.The method of claims 25 or 26, wherein the configuration information includes at least one of:information used to identify a type of power consumption event to be monitored by the second network device;information indicative of a threshold pertaining to the type of power consumption event, the threshold to be compared with monitored data for determining whether the power consumption event has occurred;information indicative of an offset amount by which a measured power consumption is above the threshold in order to be considered a power consumption event;information indicative of a time duration for which the power consumption event occurs in order to trigger transmission of the report;information indicative of whether the second network device is allocated to transmit the report when the power consumption event has occurred;information indicative of type of measurement quantity of power consumption to be reported;information indicative of whether a group of network devices in the network to which the second network device is included is allocated to transmit the report when the power consumption event has occurred; orinformation indicative of a reporting device within the group of network devices that is allocated to transmit the report when the power consumption event has occurred.28.The method of claim 27, wherein the type of power consumption event to be monitored is related to at least one of:power consumption above a threshold;power consumption amount offset above a threshold;power consumption within a group of network devices, of which the first network device is included, above a threshold; orpower consumption within a group of network devices, of which the first network device is included, amount offset above a threshold.29.The method of any one of claims 25 to 28, wherein the report includes at least one of:information identifying the second network device;information identifying a group of network devices in the network to which the second network device is included;information indicative of a type of power consumption event measured by the second network device;information indicative of an amount of power consumption measured by the second network device; orinformation indicative of a carrier frequency of traffic monitored by the second network device.30.A method comprising:transmitting, by a first serving cell to a second network device, configuration information including a power consumption command, the power consumption command indicating a power the second network device should transmit at, a duration the power is being switched on or off, and functions the second network device should turn on or off.31.The method of claim 30, wherein the configuration information including the power consumption command is received within a binary sequence of reference signals transmitted by the first network device.32.The method of claim 30, wherein the binary sequence of reference signals comprises:one or more bits indicating the power the second network device should transmit at;one or more bits indicating a duration the power is being switched on or off; andone or more bits indicating one or more functions the serving network device should turn on or off.33.The method of claim 31 or 32, wherein the binary sequence of reference signals comprises:one or more bits indicating a power on function, a same number of bits not included in a power off function; orone or more bits indicating a power off function, a same number of bits not included in a power on function.34.The method of claim 30, wherein the configuration information including the power consumption command is transmitted within radio resource control (RRC) protocol signaling by the first network device.35.The method of claim 30, wherein the configuration information including the power consumption command is transmitted within downlink control information (DCI) by the first network device.36.The method of claim 35, wherein the control information message includes a cyclic redundancy check (CRC) scrambled with a radio network temporary identifier (RNTI) .37.The method of any one of claims 25 to 36, wherein the second network device is a first terrestrial transmission and receive point (T-TRP) .38.The method of claim 37, wherein the first network device is a non-terrestrial transmission and receive point (NT-TRP) .39.The method of claim 37, wherein the second network device transmits the report to the first network device or another NT-TRP that is different from the NT-TRP acting as the first network device.40.The method of claim 39, wherein the first network device and the other NT-TRP are:located in a same orbit; orlocated in different orbits that each provide coverage to the second network device.41.A network device comprising:a processor; anda computer-readable medium having stored thereon, computer executable instructions, that when executed cause the processor to perform the method of any one of claims 25 to 29 and 30 to 40.42.A non-transitory computer readable storage medium, wherein the computer readable storage medium stores instructions that, when executed by a processor of an apparatus, enable the apparatus to perform any one of claims 1 to 8, 9 to 24, 25 to 29, or 30 to 40.