IMPROVEMENTS MADE TO FLYING MACHINES AND THEIR PROPELLERS

Abstract

The invention relates to spacecraft, aircraft, and ground-effect vehicles, and provides improvements to their engines, propulsion systems, and the machine recommended for machining the toroidal pistons of these engines. The engine shown is a two-stroke engine with free toroidal pistons whose explosions are stopped and expelled rearward; this engine, which, like the rocket, can propel in any medium, will very likely consume 1000 times less fuel than the rocket. The propulsion systems will allow reaching the speed of light, the engines escape velocity. It is probable that they will make it possible to reach habitable planets, which we have a 50 / 50 chance of finding within 24 light-years, and to build orbital power plants transmitting solar energy to Earth.

Description

Improvements made to spacecraft and aircraft or using the ground effect above the ocean; equipped with self-propelled engines, induced mass propulsion systems, to centrifugal force and improvements made to their propulsion systems, as recommended by patents 2 FA5 626 No 85 13 294 Additions, European patent NO. 216 976, international application N 88 / 00310 Currently, hypersonic and orbital aircraft are being developed. study, but they use conventional engines to propel and the rocket to propel itself through the void; the pre-engines nisés are not obliged, like the rocket, to lift a massive mass -considerable amount of fuel and oxidizer not relying on the mass of gas expelled to the rear, they find their point the pressure on their pistons that the explosion stops and expels towards the rear without passing the crankshaft dead centers 'The invention will be better understood thanks to the description below' after, which relates to preferred modes of embodiment given as non-limiting examples and explained with reference references to the attached schematic drawings in which: Figure I is a top view of the device which allows These machines have a forward gear and a reverse gear, she also represents a cross-sectional view of a piston engine free, lacking toroidal stems. Figure 2 shows a cross-sectional view of an air compressor device that can supply oxidant to some of the mo recommended drivers, in particular the engine of the figure,* Figure 3 represents a two-stroke engine that can be self-propelled and provide rotary motion thanks to ratchet mechanisms. Your figure 4 represents a spacecraft whose proposed engines and propulsion systems are located in a semi-thick wing gybed between two fuselage-tanks; Figure 4 also shows a schematic view of a craft using the ground effect over the ocean Figure 5 represents a round-shaped device equipped with two rotating surface wings, improved by the invention Figure 6 shows the underside of the craft equipped with control surfaces. Your figure 7 represents the system that keeps the rotating wings moving and that animates them. Figure 8 shows a top view of a craft also capable of using ground effect over the ocean. These other figures represent devices already recommended In accordance with the invention and as shown by way of example in Figure I of the attached drawings, the invention provides, to allow the use of conventional vehicles, a device enabling them to have forward and reverse gears, in order to have engine braking, particularly during atmospheric reentry. The device consists of mounting the recommended motors and thrusters on casters (Figure I). These casters, circulating in a circular rail (9), are held perpendicularly by other casters. Brakes (a) and mechanically or otherwise controlled brake shoes allow the motors to be locked in the desired direction. (IQ) The engines and thrusters of smaller dimensions and in sufficient number can also, by being mounted on pivots and gimbals, ensure orientation by having their speed controlled by a computer and an artificial horizon. (figures 4,R) Small engines and propulsion units can also assist in takeoff, horizontal or vertical flight. (T) Figures 4 and 5. According to the invention, and as shown by way of example in Figure T, the invention provides a self-propelled two-stroke engine with free pistons that can be dispensed with, unlike the toroidal rods found on the pistons of the engines described in the aforementioned patents. This engine will have a very large diameter, and the injection of the oxidizer and fuel will take place under adequate pressure. Other self-propelled engines of smaller diameters, equipped with connecting rods and ratchets, will be used to obtain the pressure necessary to supply this engine and allow its starting (Fig. 7). In the vacuum of space, radiant radiators oriented in the shadow of the suns and the cooling provided by the oxidizer and the liquefied fuels used will ensure its cooling.T1 will most likely have its pistons (g) lubricated using oil mist injections (with possible addition of traces of phenol, hydroquinone or arynalin to ensure the lubricants hold up in the presence of oxygen under pressure Duracher patent N 76 I2 621). Fuel injection, and possibly oxidizer injection, and ignition will be controlled by means of rollers (6) enclosed in sealed boxes welded to the cylinders. These rollers penetrate slightly into the cylinders (7), held in place by a rod that passes through the sealed boxes (8). These rods (9) are actuated by springs (in) which allow the rollers to engage in the cylinders (IT). The pistons, or a finger, push back the rollers (6). The rods actuate electrical contacts (I2) which indicate to the appropriate devices the optimal times to execute the various commands. Qi engines use hydrogen and oxygen; some of the water vapor produced can probably be used in other engines; the other part will be welcome aboard a spacecraft. "These engines, like those of a rocket, can operate in the vacuum of space but with infinitely less fuel consumption. The problem is not, as with a rocket, to cross the atmosphere as quickly as possible; therefore, these large-diameter engines can be located in a semi-thick wing between two large fuselage-tanks of hydrogen, oxygen, or liquefied methane. Fig. 4AJ. Air can be used during this crossing, as with the British Hotol craft; the large volume of the fuselages will cause the craft to bounce off the upper layers of the atmosphere." (This occurs during atmospheric reentry) Since the engines are steerable, they will allow braking and avoid the heat barrier The various patents cited also advocated self-propelled two-stroke engines with straight and toroidal pistons equipped with connecting rods to which an air compressor can be added (Figure 2). This compressor has a piston (13) attached to a spring (nest) strong enough to resist compression but not detonation. The piston (1) is a power piston. A compressor-propeller will supply air to these two-stroke engines without an air compression crankcase, and the increased volume of the combustion chamber, by placing the ports (1) in suitable locations, will allow for the retention of some of the burnt gases, thus enabling or facilitating the ignition of lean fuel mixtures. The engine in Figure 3 is a self-propelled two-stroke engine if it does not pass the dead points of its crankshafts, which has all the advantages of the Sarich engine, lightness, lubrication by pump, pneumatic injection, or other, with the added benefit of self-propulsion and no loss of power at the dead points, these not having been passed once the start-up has been carried out. The motor can be used to ensure the orientation and takeoff of the recommended vehicles; it can also contribute to propulsion by being mounted on pivots. Figures 3, 4, 8. NASA studies have shown that to use ground effect, an aircraft must fly at a height less than one-third of its wing depth. The need to remain very close to the surface of the ground or water to take advantage of this phenomenon, while staying high enough to avoid the impact of waves, leads to the design of very large vehicles. The invention proposes joining two hulls using a very wide wing (17) in which the proposed self-propelled engines (I), (It) will be placed, figure 4 i The major problem is that an areodyne becomes unstable when it moves over the ground layer; the rear part obtains much greater lift from the air compressed beneath it. The center of pressure shifts and the aircraft can tip forward, then suddenly the aircraft tends to pitch up; this instability requires constant, automatic, and instantaneous control, which can be achieved using small self-propelled engines (T9) recommended and distributed in the flotation hulls. (20) The thrust they provide is a function of their speed, which can be regulated by a computer controlled by an artificial horizon. Two shallower wings placed in tandem and located above the deeper wing can also contribute to stability; gyroscopes can be placed in these wings if necessary. To aid the takeoff of a heavily loaded craft, skis and underwater wings can be attached to the hulls. Figure 5 represents a round-shaped device recommended by some of the patents cited; the invention provides improvements to this device. Notwithstanding the invention, and as shown by way of example in Figures 5, 6, and 7, the proposed circular craft can ensure its orientation in the atmosphere and in a marine environment by means of fins (27l) (24), arranged perpendicularly to the thrust given by the engines. Figure 7 represents the roller device (?R) which travels in a circular rail (24) attached to the machine (7) rollers attached to electric motors (27) which will power the rotating circular wings (9 and 29). Wing animation can also be achieved by armatures attached to the wings and by induction coils attached to the machine, or by large toothed rings driven by pinions powered by electric motors. The invention also advocates a ground-effect vehicle represented by Figure 8. This catamaran can be equipped with the recommended free-piston engines (Figure 1), or engines capable of also power propellers, equipped with connecting rods (figure 3) The recommended engines can be located in The wings are not very deep (31) or are mounted on beams (t3I) that connect the two hulls (32). Stability is ensured, as with the craft in Figure 4, by Greek-engined motors (T9) whose speed is controlled by a computer informed by an artificial horizon. Ground-effect flight is achieved using autogyro rotors (3;) located close to the hulls (32). Another variant of the design is that the rotors can be driven by motors and provide only vertical thrust, with horizontal thrust being obtained using the thrusters (18). Figure 9 shows a free-rotating toroidal piston motor equipped with toroidal rods (3s), a motor recommended by some of the patents cited. Patent 8 TT 407 recommended for this motor making the armatures (3) integral with small compressors and small oil reservoirs (not shown in the drawing) in order to ensure lubrication of the pistons (5). The present invention recommends piston compressors operating by percussion, or whose pistons are driven by means of springs and solenoids intermittently supplied with electrical current by means of a small rod equipped with a roller traveling in an electrified toroidal rail, the rod being pressed against the rail by a spring. The proposed engines will allow the escape velocity to be reached without having to lift 100 tonnes of fuel and propellant to put 30 tonnes into orbit. Your invention, as described in some of the cited patents, advocates for propulsion systems that can generate thrust using the atom, potentially allowing the speed of light to be reached after X months and then reduced to zero. Figure In represents one of these propulsion systems which, using induced masses (5Q), impact springs (4t), or rods attached to springs. The invention proposes, for these propulsion systems and for the free-piston engine of Figure I, a mixed system, rod, spring and piston fixed to the rod, which compresses a recyclable and cooled gas in a cylinder. Patent 8Q TT So7 also advocated a propulsion system that uses centrifugal force, Figure IT, which only represents a part of this propulsion system; the other identical part is connected by means of the axis (46); the masses (39) describe only half a circumference, driven by two-stroke engines, or by cylinders (4 & t; the dead centers of the crankshafts are not passed once the engine has been started). Your pistons (44) of the engine's damping systems in Figure I of Plate I can also compress a cooled gas while simultaneously pushing springs (3") which can push hydraulic brake pistons; the cooled gas can cool the rods (4h) exposed to the flame of the explosion, if these rods are hollow. T1 is pointless in inventing toroidal piston engines If they cannot be machined due to a lack of suitable machinery T.1 invention advocated patent 2 565 626 a machine for machining the inside of toroidal cylinders, patent 88 TT 607 a machine for machining the outside of toroidal pistons Your figure In shows the piston held between points t52). milling cutters or grinding wheels (48) powered by electric motors (4g) rotate around the piston being attached to a circular ring (5q), powered by a large toothed ring (54), powered by an electric motor (57). Your grinding wheels or milling cutters are driven to the left by the arms (50) powered by an electric motor (5T) with appropriate gearing T.1 Invention proposes, for cutting suitable segments in a hollowed torus with machined interior and exterior, replacing micrometers (59) with stepper motors or other electric motors The rotor of these motors rotates a threaded rod which advances a nut attached to saw cutters. The hollow torus in which the segments are cut is held on the left side by a solid torus fitted with a handle of adequate length inside the torus to be machined; this fitted torus is held by four points (52), they are stiffened by a plate which they pass through and this plate is integral with the support uprights (53) (The points (52) are screwed into the torus) On the right side, the torus to be machined is held in the same way by a solid torus inserted into the torus being machined, but this torus has a smaller diameter over a certain distance, which allows the segments to be cut. 17ns plate, through which the screws pass (59), is fixed to the supports (5t) whose T-shaped base can slide in circular g-shaped grooves; nuts ensure that the supports are locked in place as the cutting progresses. Figure IX of plate IT represents the finger (6) which actuates the lever which activates an electrical contact (I) during the passage of the pistons (5) of the engine in Figure I of Plate I; to control the injection and / or ignition. The spring which holds the finger (6) in the cylinder must be strong enough to equalize the pressure of the deflagration. Figure TA of plate IT represents a maar-induced propulsion system (3n) sketched but not represented by patent 2 ATE 847, this propulsion system is equipped with four induced masses or four pistons if it operates using a compressed gas, two of which are arranged perpendicularly to the other two, which has the effect of bending and canceling the reaction with the help of fan-shaped arms, or right-angled arms as for the propulsion engine of plate 5 of the said patent. Your propulsive force is given by two masses (39) driven by induction coils (4I) arranged horizontally. Your vertically arranged induction coils are only used for starting up; they are all supplied with intermittent current, manually for starting up, then the arms can actuate electrical contacts. The induced masses collide with elastic systems analogous to the systems described previously 7. Of course, the invention is not limited to the embodiments described and represented by the attached drawings. Modifications remain possible, particularly with regard to the various elements, or by substitution of technical equivalents, without thereby departing from the scope of protection of the invention. The power supply for the motors (49) and the feed motors of the cutter-saws of the piston machining machine is achieved using an insulated copper disc attached to the movable ring (55). Brushes will rub against this disc, powering the aforementioned motors. Another brush attached to the protective housing will supply the disc with low-voltage current, the negative terminal being grounded.

Claims

R'flNI)I('ATIONS I. Improvements6 made to space, aerial and ground-effect vehicles, to their self-propelled engines, to their percussive mass-induced thrusters, to the recommended machine for machining the pistons of the recommended self-propelled toroidal engines 2. Improvements made to thrusters recommended according to claim I, characterized in that these thrusters can provide forward and reverse movement by being integral with rollers (I) which roll in a circular rail (2), in that they are immobilized using shoe brakes (4), or other 7. self-propelled engine according to claim I, characterized in that its free toroidal pistons (5) are exants of toroidal rods, that they actuate electrical contacts (T'), which control the injection of fuel and / or ignition, using rollers (6) integral with one of the two con -tacts (I9), rollers pushed by springs and enclosed in sealed boxes (8), in that the pistons (5) are braked born in the event of inadequate ignition by elastic systems composed of rods crossing the cylinder heads, integral with pistons (4;;) which bind springs (30) and which compress cooled gas systems which can be associated with hydraulic brakes, in this that the start-up takes place using compressed com -burant 4. Improvements made to the air compressor of some of these self-propelled engines according to claim I, characterized in that the adequate arrangement of the lights (Ik which can be fitted with valves or valves will allow by retention of part of the gases burned the ignition of fuel-lean mixtures 6. Improvements made to spacecraft, aèr -riens, ground effect according to claim I, characterized in that self-propelled engines placed in suitable places and whose speed is controlled by a computer, infor -mé by a horizon artificial imbalance of the apparatus will allow the stabilization and the orientation bone in depth of the recommended apparatuses 6. Improvements made to a spacecraft according to claim I, characterized in that the rotating circular wings of one of the recommended spacecraft are driven by electric motors (27) integral with rollers (26) of rolling, drive -, r and / or by armatures integral with the wings (2t, 2q) and by induction coils integral with the machine, in that fins (2s, 24) can allow the orientation of one machine in the atmosphere 7. Improvements made to a ground effect machine according to claim I, characterized in that the wings of this machine can be associated and / or replaced by autogyro rotors, or by rotors driven by motors but not giving than a vertical thrust 8 Improvements made to the mass-induced and percussion propelling devices according to claim I, charac -terized in that the straight rods integral with the springs (4 can be integral with pistons which compress at the same tem -ps in cylinders a cooled gas d. Improvement6 brought to a self-propelled engine according to claim I, characterized in that the pistons (5) of this engine are lubricated using piston-on compressors or the like, the pistons of these compressors being able to be actuated by percussion or by solenoids supplied occasionally in electric current using a small pole supported by spring against an electrified circular rail IO. Improvement made to the machine for machining toroidal pistons according to claim I, characterized in that the micrometers (59) of this machine are replaced by stepper or other electric motors, but at an adequate speed, screws actuate integral nuts spawning -his saws in order to advance these to cut toric piston rings in a torus on the outside and inside. machined using the recommended machines in that the hollow torus is held by sleeves, screws, supports (53) slidable in a circular rail