Reflective warning beacon

Abstract

The invention relates to a light projector (6) for signaling elevated obstacles, comprising: - an elongated cylindrical lens (7), - a linear light source (16), wherein the light projector (6) has at least two reflectors, and wherein at least one of the reflectors is an upper reflector (29) positioned above the horizontal plane of symmetry of the cylindrical lens (7) and below an upper surface of the cylindrical lens (7), and at least one of the reflectors is a lower reflector (28) positioned below the horizontal plane of symmetry of the cylindrical lens (7) and above a lower surface of the cylindrical lens (7), the reflectors being configured to interrupt light rays emanating from the light source (16) and directed outside the angular sector of the main light beam (3). Figure for the abstract: Fig. 6

Description

Title of the invention: Reflective signaling beacon technical field

[0001] The invention relates to the field of signaling devices, in particular for overhead signaling of high-voltage lines, airport buildings, factory chimneys, cranes, wind turbines and pylons. Technological background

[0002] Signaling devices for aircraft are used on cables and / or elevated obstacles. Such signaling devices may include cylindrical lenses for emitting focused light in a predefined direction, as illustrated in particular by document FR3029600.

[0003] Document FR3029600 describes, in particular, a signal beacon projector comprising a cylindrical lens equipped with a reflector. The cylindrical lens, combined with a light source, makes it possible to generate a sheet of light concentrating the luminous flux in a given angular sector.

[0004] However, a luminous flux is emitted by the projector outside this luminous area, which creates a light nuisance for the residents.

[0005] The reflector of this document makes it possible, in particular, to reduce the light intensity of this light nuisance, by reducing the light intensity at a -10° angle of elevation. Summary

[0006] One idea underlying the invention is to reduce the light intensity outside the angular sector of the site, which in particular helps to limit light pollution for local residents.

[0007] According to one embodiment, the invention provides a light projector intended to produce a directional beam of light for signaling obstacles in elevation, the projector comprising: - an elongated cylindrical lens whose cylindrical shape is defined by a horizontal generating direction and by a directrix curve, the cylindrical lens having a length along the horizontal generating direction, the cylindrical lens having a horizontal plane of symmetry, - a linear light source parallel to the generating direction, extending over all or part of the length of the cylindrical lens and arranged to emit a luminous flux in the direction of the cylindrical lens, the cylindrical lens being configured to generate a main light sheet by concentrating the light flux in a predefined angular sector around the horizontal generating direction towards the space located on the opposite side of the cylindrical lens relative to the light source, and configured to project the luminous flux into a predefined azimuthal angular sector around the vertical direction, in which the light projector comprises at least two reflectors positioned in the space located on the side opposite the light source relative to the cylindrical lens, and wherein at least one of the reflectors is an upper reflector positioned above the horizontal plane of symmetry of the cylindrical lens and below an upper surface of the cylindrical lens, and at least one of the reflectors is a lower reflector positioned below the horizontal plane of symmetry of the cylindrical lens and above a lower surface of the cylindrical lens, the reflectors being configured to interrupt light rays originating from the light source and directed outside the angular sector of site of the main light sheet.

[0008] Thanks to these characteristics, the luminous intensity emitted by the projector outside the main beam can be reduced thanks to the reflectors which will allow to deflect the light rays which are directed outside the angular sector of site.

[0009] According to embodiments, such a projector may include one or more of the following characteristics.

[0010] According to one embodiment, the upper reflector and the lower reflector are arranged symmetrically to each other with respect to the horizontal plane of symmetry.

[0011] According to one embodiment, the linear source is contained in the horizontal plane of symmetry.

[0012] According to one embodiment, the angular sector of the site is defined as the angular sector in which the light intensity is greater than 50% of the light intensity at the center of the light sheet, and the azimuthal angular sector is defined as the angular sector in which the light intensity is greater than 50% of the light intensity at the center of the light sheet.

[0013] According to one embodiment, the dimension of the angular sector of site is less than 10°, preferably less than 3°.

[0014] According to one embodiment, the upper reflector and / or the lower reflector comprises a reflective upper surface.

[0015] According to one embodiment, the upper reflector has a lower reflective surface and the lower reflector has a lower absorbing surface.

[0016] According to one embodiment, the upper reflector and / or the lower reflector comprises at least one metal blade, the metal blade forming the reflective surface. The metal blade is, for example, made of stainless steel.

[0017] According to one embodiment, the metal blade has a rough surface finish achieved by sandblasting or air blasting. The average depth of roughness is by example above 80 pm, preferably above 160 pm.

[0018] According to one embodiment, each reflector is rectangular in shape and has two longitudinal sides extending parallel to the horizontal generating direction and two transverse sides being oriented at a site angle contained within the predefined angular site sector of the main light sheet.

[0019] According to one embodiment, each reflector is positioned in a plane parallel to the horizontal plane of symmetry.

[0020] According to one embodiment, each reflector is oriented at a non-zero angle with respect to the horizontal plane of symmetry. The angle is, for example, between 0 and 5°.

[0021] According to one embodiment, the control curve has a substantially trapezoidal shape comprising a small base, a large base opposite the small base and two sides connecting the small base to the large base, the small base of the trapezoid being located opposite the light source.

[0022] According to one embodiment, the cylindrical lens has a convex interface formed on the large base of the trapezoid, the convex interface forming a bump extending along the horizontal generating direction and being centered on the horizontal plane of symmetry.

[0023] According to one embodiment, the upper reflector is located above the convex interface and in which the lower reflector is located below the convex interface.

[0024] According to one embodiment, the upper reflector and the lower reflector are located at the convex interface.

[0025] According to one embodiment, the cylindrical lens has a groove extending along the horizontal generating direction and formed on the small base of the trapezoid, the groove having a bottom wall made in the form of a convex surface.

[0026] According to one embodiment, the cylindrical lens has a groove extending along the horizontal generating direction and formed on the small base of the trapezoid, the groove having a bottom wall made in the form of a convex surface.

[0027] According to one embodiment, the lower reflector and / or the upper reflector is distant from the horizontal plane of symmetry by a distance of less than 25% of the largest vertical dimension of the cylindrical lens.

[0028] According to one embodiment, the length of the reflector is substantially equal to the length of the lens. The length is defined as the largest dimension of the element, which here corresponds to the dimension of the elements taken parallel to the horizontal generating direction.

[0029] According to one embodiment, the ratio between the length of the reflector and the thickness of the reflector is approximately 100 to 1000. Here, the thickness of the reflector is defined as the dimension of the reflector taken along the vertical direction.

[0030] Thanks to these features, the overall mechanical size of the projector is limited while eliminating stray light rays. Furthermore, its very limited thickness minimizes interruptions to the main light beam.

[0031] According to one embodiment, the invention also provides a light signaling beacon comprising a support and several of the aforementioned projectors fixed to the support, the projectors being oriented in distinct directions around a vertical axis so that the azimuthal angular sectors of the projectors cover 360° around the vertical axis. Brief description of the figures

[0032] The invention will be better understood, and other objects, details, features and advantages thereof will become more apparent from the following description of several particular embodiments of the invention, given solely by way of illustration and not limitation, with reference to the accompanying drawings.

[0033] [Fig-1] Fig. 1 represents a diagram of a light signal beacon mounted on a post with vertical axis z.

[0034] [Fig.2] Fig.2 is a top view of one embodiment of the beacon which Includes 6 projectors.

[0035] [Fig.3] Fig.3 is a perspective view of a cylindrical lens of a beacon projector according to one embodiment.

[0036] [Fig.4] Fig.4 is a front view of an LED strip which is attached to the cylindrical lens shown in [Fig.3].

[0037] [Fig. 5] Fig. 5 is a top view of a projector comprising the strip of LEDs and the cylindrical lens.

[0038] [Fig.6] Fig.6 is a section along plane VLVI of the projector shown on the [Fig.5], on which are represented the reflectors and the trajectories of the light beams from an LED through the cylindrical lens.

[0039] [Fig. 7] Fig. 7 represents a section along the VLVI plane of the cylindrical lens on which is represented in projection the light beams from the central LED of the LED strip in the direction of azimuth angle 45° through the optics.

[0040] [Fig.8] Fig.8 is a graph representing the ratio between the light intensity from a projector at the site angle -10° and the luminous intensity from a projector at the site angle 0°, as a function of the azimuth angle, for a first projector equipped with two reflectors according to the invention, for a second projector identical to the first equipped with a single reflector, and for a third projector identical to the first without a reflector. Description of the implementation methods

[0041] With reference to [Fig. 1], a signal beacon 1 mounted on a pole 2 with vertical axis z planted in the ground 4 is shown. The beacon 1 emits a beam of light 3 all around the vertical axis, which corresponds to an azimuthal angular sector <e>of 360°. The light strip 3 is represented by dashes. The light strip 3 is concentrated in an angular sector centered on a central direction, which is, for example, a horizontal plane 5 or one slightly inclined to the horizontal. The light strip 3 has, for example, a luminous intensity of 20,000 cd in white and 2,000 cd in red. The luminous intensity and color can be adjusted according to the daytime or nighttime period. This beacon 1 allows, in particular, aerial signaling for aircraft.

[0042] In an illustrative example, with reference to [Fig. 2], the signal beacon 1 is shown in more detail. Such a beacon comprises six spotlights 6, each having a linear light source and a cylindrical lens 7. In this illustrative example, the linear light source is an array of light-emitting diodes 16. The spotlights 6 are arranged in a plane perpendicular to the z-axis, such that the arrays of diodes 16 form a regular polygon and emit light outwards from the regular polygon. Each spotlight 6 emits an elementary beam of light within a defined azimuthal angular sector. The beacon emits a 360° directional beam of light corresponding to the sum of the elementary beams of each spotlight 6 of the beacon 1. For this, the minimum azimuthal angular sector of each of the six spotlights 6 is 360° divided by the number of spotlights 6.In this illustrative example, the beacon comprises six projectors 6, so the minimum azimuthal angular sector is 60°, i.e., 360° / 6. In this illustrative example, the beacon 1 has a footprint of approximately 50 cm. The assembly formed by the diode strip 16 and the cylindrical lens 7 can be protected, for each projector, by an opaque metal module 8 open in the direction of light emission. The module opening can be covered with a glass that does not deflect the light, in order to protect the cylindrical lens from dust.

[0043] In an illustrative example, with reference to [Fig. 3], a cylindrical lens 7 of a projector 6 is shown. The cylindrical lens 7 has a length L. The cylindrical shape is defined by a horizontal generating direction 9 and by a directrix curve 10. The cylindrical lens 7 has two end faces 20 perpendicular to the generating direction 9 of the cylinder. The directrix curve 10 has an overall shape that is substantially that of a trapezoid with a larger base 22 and a smaller base 21. The sides 11 of the trapezoid define two inclined convex external surfaces 12 of the cylindrical lens. The shape of the curve di The rectrice 10 will be explained in more detail later with reference to [Fig. 6]. The cylindrical lens 7 has a support 19 with openings 13. The openings 13 are intended to receive fastening means for fixing the cylindrical lens 7 to a diode array 16 such as that shown in [Fig. 4].

[0044] In this illustrative example, the cylindrical lens 7 measures approximately 200 mm and is mainly made of polycarbonate. The larger base 22 of the trapezoid measures, for example, approximately 56 mm and the smaller base 21 of the trapezoid measures approximately 25 mm.

[0045] As shown in [Fig. 4], the diode strip 16 may include diodes 14, 15 arranged linearly on a plate 17 to form a linear light source. The diodes in the strip 16 are red diodes 14 spaced successively from one another by four white diodes 15. The strip 16 also has openings 18 so that it can be fixed onto the support 19 of the cylindrical lens illustrated in [Fig. 3] in overlapping the openings 13 present on the support 19.

[0046] Figure 5 shows a diagram of the assembly of the cylindrical lens 7 shown in Figure 3 and the diode array 16 shown in Figure 4. The diode array 16 is fixed to the cylindrical lens 7 so that the surface of the cylindrical lens 7 defined by the small base 21 of the trapezoid is opposite the face of the diode array 16 that emits light.

[0047] Figures 6 and 7 show in more detail the structure of a projector 6 in operation, the projector 6 comprising the cylindrical lens 7 as shown in [Fig.3] and the diode strip 16 as shown in [Fig.4].

[0048] Fig. 6 is a section along the VLVI plane of the assembly shown in Fig. 5, on which are shown the trajectories of some light beams from the diode 15 through the cylindrical lens 7.

[0049] The smaller base 21 of the trapezoid is oriented towards the diode 15. The larger base 22 of the trapezoid is formed opposite the smaller base 21. The directrix 10 has a step on the smaller base 21 of the trapezoid. This step defines a groove 23 extending along the generating direction 9 onto the cylindrical lens 7. The bottom wall of the groove 23 is a convex surface 24 allowing the rays from the diode array 16 to converge into the elementary light sheet.

[0050] The directrix curve has an axis of symmetry 100 perpendicular to the bar 16, so that the cylindrical lens 7 has a first plane of symmetry 1000 generated by two generatrices. This is equivalent to saying that the directrix curve 10 has essentially the shape of an isosceles trapezoid. The cylindrical lens 7 also has a second plane of symmetry, which is the cutting plane IV-IV, intersecting the cylindrical lens at mid-length L / 2. Indeed, the two end faces 20 are perpendicular to the generative direction 9 of the cylinder.

[0051] In the section plane VI-VI, the rays 26 emanating from the diode 15 in an angular sector centered approximately on the direction perpendicular to the bar 16 pass through the convex surface 24 and are concentrated by a convex interface 25 located on the large base 22 of the trapezoid, after having propagated in the cylindrical lens 7 substantially perpendicular to the generatrix 9. The light rays 26 thus exit the cylindrical lens 7 in an angular sector centered approximately on the direction perpendicular to the bar 16. The convex interface 25 forms a bump extending along the horizontal generatrix direction 9 and is centered on the horizontal plane of symmetry 5.

[0052] Light rays 27 emanating from the diode 15 in the VLVI plane and oriented at an angle of 45° to the direction perpendicular to the bar 16 pass through the lateral edges of the groove 23 and are bent towards the sides 11 of the trapezoid. The surfaces of both sides 11 reflect the light rays due to the incidence of the light rays on these surfaces. The reflected rays are thus bent in the direction approximately perpendicular to the bar 16, so that they emerge from the lens 7 through the larger base 22 of the trapezoid, passing through a non-convex interface, in an angular sector centered approximately on the direction perpendicular to the bar 16.

[0053] Thus, in the VLVI section plane, the light rays 26 and 27 emerge from the cylindrical lens 7 in a predefined angular sector, centered substantially on the direction perpendicular to the bar 16. These rays 26 and 27 define an elementary light sheet. In other words, the cylindrical lens 7 has a collimator function.

[0054] As shown in Figures 6 and 7, the projector also includes a lower reflector 28 and an upper reflector 29 which are positioned on the surface 30 defined by the larger base 22 of the trapezoid. Each reflector 28, 29 has a thin thickness compared to the dimensions of the lens 7 so that the useful light rays are not interrupted, for example 0.5 mm, a length substantially equal to that of the cylindrical lens, for example 200 mm, and a width of approximately 20 mm. The longitudinal sides 39 of each reflector 28, 29 are parallel to the generating direction 9. The transverse sides 38 of each reflector 28, 29 are oriented in the direction of transmission of the light rays 26 exiting the cylindrical lens 7. In the embodiment of [Fig.[7], each reflector 28, 29 is located in a plane parallel to the horizontal plane of symmetry 1000, therefore to the main direction of the elementary light sheet coming from the projector 6. In the embodiment of [Fig.6], each reflector 28, 29 is inclined with respect to the horizontal plane of symmetry 1000 by a non-zero angle, for example, of the order of 3 to 5° and so as to be inclined towards the plane of symmetry 1000.

[0055] The upper reflector 29 is positioned above the plane of symmetry 1000 of the The cylindrical lens 7 is positioned below an upper surface 31 of the cylindrical lens 7. The lower reflector 28 is positioned below the horizontal plane of symmetry 1000 of the cylindrical lens 7 and above a lower surface 32 of the cylindrical lens 7 so as to interrupt, i.e., reflect or absorb, light rays originating from the light source and directed outside the angular sector of the main light beam. The upper surface 31 is formed by the convex outer surface 12 of the lens 7 located above the bar 16, while the lower surface 32 is formed by the convex outer surface 12 of the lens 7 located below the bar 16.

[0056] As shown in particular in [Fig. 6], the upper reflector 29 and the lower reflector 28 are arranged symmetrically with respect to the horizontal plane of symmetry 1000. Furthermore, the upper reflector 29 and the lower reflector 28 are each arranged in a plane intersecting the small base 21 so as not to interrupt the light rays 27 deflected by the convex external surfaces 12 and which would form part of the main sheet 3.

[0057] According to a preferred embodiment, the lower reflector 28 comprises a reflective metal plate, i.e., reflective to radiation in the visible range, formed on an upper surface of the lower reflector 28 in order to reflect stray light rays 33 upwards. The advantage of a reflective surface that reflects stray light rays 33 is to limit the absorption of light energy from the stray rays, and therefore the heating of the reflector 28 and the light source in general. The lower surface of the lower reflector 28 can be opaque to radiation in the visible range, i.e., an absorbing surface. The lower and upper surfaces of the reflectors 28, 29 can also be roughened, for example by sandblasting or air abrasive blasting.

[0058] According to a preferred embodiment, the upper reflector 29 comprises a reflective metal plate formed on an upper surface of the upper reflector 29 in order to reflect stray light rays 33 upwards and downwards. According to another embodiment, the upper reflector 29 consists of a reflective metal plate.

[0059] Figure 7 shows a cross-section similar to Figure 6, for which other light rays have been shown. Figure 7 shows, projected onto cross-section VLVI, the light rays 31 originating from the central diode 15 of the diode array 16 in the direction of an azimuth angle of 45° through the lens. In the absence of a reflector, the light rays 31 cause a stray light intensity at the site angle s = -10° greater than 3% of the maximum light intensity of the elementary light sheet, i.e., at the site angle s = 0°. The site angle s is defined with respect to the horizontal 5 corresponding to the site angle. s=0°. Stray light is defined as light outside the predefined angular sector of the elementary light sheet whose light intensity is greater than 3% of the maximum light intensity in the predefined angular sector of the predefined site.

[0060] In [Fig. 7], the stray light rays 31 that encounter the upper reflector 29 do not pass through it. They are artificially represented in [Fig. 7] to illustrate the origin of the stray light intensity, which is eliminated in particular by placing the upper reflector 29 on the cylindrical lens 7, and similarly for other stray rays 31 for the lower reflector 28.

[0061] Fig. 8 illustrates the effects of the two reflectors 28, 29 on a projector 6 by comparing such a projector 6 with prior art projectors equipped with a single reflector or without a reflector.

[0062] Figure 8 shows a graph displaying the ratio, in %, of the luminous intensity I at the site angle s = -10° to the luminous intensity I at the site angle s = 0° as a function of the azimuth angle β. The intensity ratio -1070° allows the intensity of the stray radiation to be quantified relative to the radiation from the main beam 3. On this graph, it is possible to distinguish a first curve 37 representing a projector 6 without a reflector, a second curve 38 representing a projector 6 equipped with a single reflector, and a third curve 39 representing a projector 6 of an embodiment equipped with an upper reflector 29 and a lower reflector 28. In order to make these curves comparable, the measurements were carried out on projectors 6 that differed only in their number of reflectors.

[0063] Thus, the first curve 37 shows that the stray radiation for a projector without a reflector is between approximately 3.5% and 6.8% of the radiation from the main beam 3 at a site angle s=0°. The second curve 38 shows that the stray radiation for a projector equipped with a single reflector is between 0.9% and 3%. And finally, the third curve 39 shows that the stray radiation for a projector with an upper and a lower reflector is between approximately 1.3% and 2%.

[0064] If the addition of a single reflector already makes it possible to reduce the parasitic radiation below 3% at the site angle s=-10°, the arrangement of a second reflector makes it possible to reduce the maximum of this parasitic radiation to a luminous intensity less than 2% of the intensity of the main sheet at the site angle s=0°.

[0065] In conclusion, the presence of a lower reflector 28 and an upper reflector 29 makes it possible to reduce the radiation at the site angle s=-10° to values ​​less than 2% of the luminous intensity of the main sheet at the site angle s=0°.

[0066] The beacons described above can be made with many types of light sources, including LEDs, fluorescent tubes, discharge lamps and others. The light can be of different colors, with or without flashing, depending on the desired lighting characteristics.

[0067] The cylindrical lens can be made of many materials, for example glass, polycarbonate, transparent flexible resin, for example flexible resin comprising polyurethane compounds, for example a VT3402 series resin.

[0068] Although the invention has been described in connection with several particular embodiments, it is clearly evident that it is by no means limited to them and that it includes all technical equivalents of the means described as well as their combinations if these fall within the scope of the invention.

[0069] The use of the verb "comprise", "comprendre" or "include" and its conjugated forms does not exclude the presence of other elements or other steps than those stated in a claim.

[0070] In the claims, any reference sign in parentheses shall not be interpreted as a limitation of the claim.< / e>

Claims

Demands

1. A light projector (6) intended to produce a directional light beam (3) for signaling elevated obstacles, the projector comprising: - an elongated cylindrical lens (7) whose cylindrical shape is defined by a horizontal generating direction (9) and by a guide curve, the cylindrical lens (7) having a length along the horizontal generating direction (9), the cylindrical lens (7) having a horizontal plane of symmetry, - a linear light source (16) parallel to the generating direction (9), extending over all or part of the length of the cylindrical lens (7) and arranged to emit a luminous flux in the direction of the cylindrical lens (7),the cylindrical lens (7) being configured to generate a main light sheet (3) by concentrating the light flux in a predefined angular sector around the horizontal generating direction (9) in the direction of the space located on the opposite side of the cylindrical lens (7) with respect to the light source (16), and being configured to project the light flux into a predefined azimuthal angular sector around the vertical direction, in which the light projector (6) has at least two reflectors positioned in the space located on the opposite side of the light source (16) with respect to the cylindrical lens (7), and in which at least one of the reflectors is an upper reflector (29) positioned above the horizontal plane of symmetry (1000) of the cylindrical lens (7) and below an upper surface (31) of the cylindrical lens (7),and at least one of the reflectors is a lower reflector (28) positioned below the horizontal plane of symmetry (1000) of the cylindrical lens (7) and above a lower surface (32) of the cylindrical lens (7), the reflectors being configured to interrupt light rays originating from the light source (16) and directed outside the angular sector of the main light sheet (3).

2. Light projector (6) according to claim 1, wherein the upper reflector (29) and / or the lower reflector (28) has a reflective upper surface.

3. Light projector (6) according to claim 1 or claim 2, in which the upper reflector (29) has a lower reflective surface and the lower reflector (28) has a lower absorbing surface.

4. Light projector (6) according to claim 2 or claim 3, wherein the upper reflector (29) and / or the lower reflector (28) comprises at least one metal blade, the metal blade forming the reflective surface.

5. Light projector (6) according to any one of claims 1 to 4, wherein each reflector (28, 29) is rectangular in shape and has two longitudinal sides parallel to the horizontal generating direction (9) and two transverse sides being oriented at a site angle (s) contained within the predefined angular site sector of the main light sheet (3).

6. Light projector (6) according to any one of claims 1 to 5, wherein the direction curve has a substantially trapezoidal shape comprising a small base (21), a large base (22) opposite the small base (21) and two sides (11) connecting the small base (21) to the large base (22), the small base (21) of the trapezoid being located opposite the light source (16).

7. Light projector (6) according to claim 6, wherein the cylindrical lens (7) has a convex interface (25) made on the large base (22) of the trapezoid, the convex interface (25) forming a bump extending along the horizontal generating direction (9) and being centered on the horizontal plane of symmetry (1000).

8. Light projector (6) according to claim 7, wherein the upper reflector (29) is located above the convex interface (25) and wherein the lower reflector (28) is located below the convex interface (25).

9. Light projector (6) according to any one of claims 6 to 8, wherein the two sides (11) of the trapezoid define two inclined convex external surfaces of the cylindrical lens (7), the two external surfaces being configured to reflect the light rays so as to bend the light rays into the angular sector of site of the main light sheet (3).

10. A light projector (6) according to any one of claims 6 to 9, wherein the cylindrical lens (7) has a groove (23) extending along the horizontal generating direction (9) and formed on the smaller base (21) of the trapezoid, the groove (23) having a bottom wall (24) formed under the shape of a convex surface.

11. Light projector (6) according to any one of claims 1 to 10, wherein the lower reflector (28) and / or the upper reflector (29) is distant from the horizontal plane of symmetry by a distance less than 25% of the largest vertical dimension of the cylindrical lens (7).

12. A luminous signal beacon (1) comprising a support (19) and several spotlights (6) according to any one of claims 1 to 11 fixed to the support, the spotlights (6) being oriented in distinct directions around a vertical axis such that the azimuthal angular sectors of the spotlights cover 360° around the vertical axis.

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